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1. The particularities of banking activities as financial institutions. The

mechanism of bank establishment. The specific of bank licensing of banking in
Moldova. Extension of banking activity in the territory.
1.1 The particularities of banking activity organization
The bank is a financial institution that attracts deposits and gives them in form of
credits on its own risk.
- offering credits;
- attracts deposits;
- issues money;
- operations with payment instruments, financial instruments, securities and others;
Commercial banks:
- money creation;
- attracting resources;
- offering resources to the national economy;
- intermediation of payments;
National Bank:
- money creation
- bank of the state
- bank of the bank
- currency center
- administrator of currency reserve;
- prudential function
- supervision function
Banks:
- private;
- state;
- mix; (both)
Nationality:
- foreign;
- national;
- mix;
According to the specialization:
- universal banks (provide all categories of services);
- specialized ( to a specific branch of the country);




Liabilities Assets Payments consultancy
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Own capital (social
capital, capital
surplus; non-
redistributed
profit; banks
funds)
Crediting Payment
instruments

Attracted
resources(credits
from central bank,
interbanking
credits, deposits,
issuing of bill of
exchange, issuing
certificate of
deposits, issuing of
deposits
Investments(commercial
banks make investments
in t-bonds shares and
bonds)
Payment ways
cash

- Liabilities (attracted capital; own capital; deposits; issuing bill of exchanges; bond
;)
- assets(investments; securities; credits);
- payments instruments; payment ways);
- consultancy;
1.2 How a bank is established
Banks are organized as joint stock companies.
There are 4:
- general meeting of shareholders;
- the establishment of the bank;
- approve the internal regulation of the bank;
- they lack the member of the council;
- they decide on the volume of the capital;
- they decide about the issuing of shares, bonds; (volume)
- they decide the main activities of the bank, approve the business plan of the bank;
- they decide about the bank liquidation;
- they approve the report of the censor commission;
- the council of the bank;
- are elected for 4 years ;
- representatives of the shareholders;
- restrictions (member of the council can be elected only in 1 bank; dupa 12 luni
ddupa ce a lucrat in BNM poate fi ales; if there are some legal issues)
- the attribution;
- they determine the functions of the executive body ;
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- elect the president and vice-presidents;
- coordinate the main directions of the bank activities;
- approve big credits; syndicated credits;
- can call the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders;
- executive body;
- chiefs of departments; presidents of the bank branches; president;
- they work according the decision of the council of the banks;
- they do the day to day activity of the bank;
- the censor commission;
- control the implementation of laws and regulations of the banking activity;
- they present avis at the request;
- they control the financial statement of the bank;
- they present the final report to the general meeting of shareholders;
- they can call the general meeting of shareholders;
The main department of the bank:
- accounting
- administration
- audit
- consultancy
- coordination
- credit
- currency operations
- financial
- foreign relations
- human resources
- IT
- legal department
- marketing
- risk management
- Security
- treasury and cashier department


1.3The specific of bank licensing of banking in Moldova
1) The main decisions of the general meeting of shareholders.
- the establishment of the bank;
- approve the internal regulation of the bank;
- decide the name of the bank;
- they decide on the volume of the capital;
- decide on the distribution of the shares;
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- approve the business plan for 5 years;
- decide on the location;
- Elect a representative for negotiations with the National Bank of Moldova.

2) To submit the application plus attach the documents to the National Bank of
Moldova.
3) NBM is doing the preliminary examination of the documents during 10 days.
4) Examination of the documents during 3 months.
5) NBM is issuing the preliminary license available for 1 year, plus prescriptions
on the actions they have to do.
6) National Bank of Moldova is issuing the final license.
7) Registration of the bank in the Register of banks (the status of the bank, the
minutes, internal regulations, certificate of registration, the list of the persons
who has the right to sign the documents).

1.4 Extension of banking activity in the territory
- head office
- branches (se supun head office)
- subsidiary ( nu se supun; total independent)
- agencies; (even smaller than the branch)
- representatives;