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Chiller control
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Pneumatic control

K FE F

Central A/C control

KE F

KNoise control

PLC

DDC
KHVAC

BMS

K
WK

EFW
EFW
EFW

EFW

Eset & resetFW

W

EF

EFW

FW
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Tracing control and power diagrams

W
W

--

KW

WE3 F

KJ

J
KW

Master thermostat

KChillers
Pumping down

K
K

Pumping out K

--

J
KW

KK

EF

K
W

KEJ F

EJ F

EJ F

--

EJ F

EJ F

K
K

EJ FEF

E F
EF

KK
K

--

EJ F

EJ F

--

F K
electric heater defrosting
FE J F
WE
EJ J F

OLSK1MFU1
FU2220-1-60

K1T

ON Self holding

FU K1AEF OFF ON FU
ON energizesK
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FU IMPK
K1A IMP K1A
K1M

KH1

OL IMPWKK1M

EFT P< P>

KK1A K1M K2M

M1 K1M

LLSK1MKM2
KH2

--

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L2
L3

K1A

PE

FU1

FU2

OL

K1M
ON

K1A

OLS

P>

K2M

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OFF

K2M

K1M

K1T

DT

DEH

K2M
K1M

K1T K 1 A
M

M2

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M1

IMP

K1A

H1

H2

K2M
H3

K1M

EJ F

--

K1M T
KH2

K1T

K2M K1T

DT K1T P<
K K2MKK1A K2M

K2MK K1MK2M
K2M K H3

KDH

K1T

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EF

J
J
K

J
J

J
K

--

Legend

DH

ET

EF

(F

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K2M

K3M

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pumping downF K
E

EJ F
K

T K1T

P< LLS
K1M cut in

LLS TK
cut

P< out
K

E F K

KEJ F

KK1M, K3M K1M

K3MK3M
K3M K1M

KK3M
- -

L1
L2
L3

K1A

PE

FU

K1T
OL

K1M
ON

K1A

K2M
K2M

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OLS

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OFF

T
DEH

K2M
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M
3

K 2M

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K2M

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H1

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H2

H3

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pumping downEJ F

- -

L1
L2
L3

K1A
FU

P
K1T
OL

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K1A

K2M

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OFF

K1T

K1M

K3M

DEH

K2M

K1T

M
3

K 2M

K1A

M
3

K1M

K1A IMP

H1

K3M

K2M
H3

LLS

PUMP OUT EJ F

K1M K3M

K1M

KK1M

- -

F K
E FEJ F
WEJ F

K220 VEL3, NF110 V K

K2TM3 HGS K

K1M
CM, CFM K
KH1 LLS

K K2M

KK2MEF

K1T

K2M DT
H2

K
K

K2M K1T

K2TK

K EF

- -

L1
L2
L3
N

K1A

FU

P
OL
K1M

K2M

K1M
K1T

K2M

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ON
OLS

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K2M

OFF
T

K1T

K1M

LLS

HGS K2T EF

K2M
H1

CM

K1A

K2M

H2

K1M

CFM

EJ F

- -

EF

K accumulator

K


(3.FK
EIS = 3-5 IRF

Across the line connection

Part winding connection

Star- Delta connection

Primary resistor

Auto transformer

K
K

Across the line connection K

E J F

%%K
K
- -

Part winding connection K

% K
%
K

(Star- Delta) K

E J F

KA1 KM2KM1
KK

KM2KM3K1M

- -

EJ F

J EJ F
- -


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W
W

W

W

- -

Water chiller control

water chillers
KEJ F

EJ FK K

Condenser

Comp.

Cooler

EJ F

W
- -

EJ F

- -

EJ FEJ F

2MTR

, 3MTR 3 1MTR 1 PM

1
W

F HTR K

EFE16
KEF

K
K

AHU chiller K
EFS1
POLT 1

KPMEF2
KEFP

EF Flow sw K
KEF

- -

EJ F

- -

K
K

F 2TAS K

4oC

K P KE
K

1MOL S1-1 K
9PS 1PS

F 4TASEF
E12Oc
EF 1TR 3PS
K

EF 3CR K
W

E F 3CR

EF 3CR
E

EF3CR
1SOL o

EF1MTR1M o
9PS o

3PS o

10PS
EF 2C
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3C 11PS K 2MTR
K3MTR

12 oC K
4TAS

KK 5
K3CR
K K

Processors
KEJ F

ProcessorsEJ F

- -

WEJ 2FK

K
F
EF

F K
E

F K
E

K
Centrifugal compressors

Screw compressors K

- -

EF K

EF

EJ F

- -

K
K

EJ F K
EJ F K
K

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W
W

o

- -

Pneumatic controlEF

F
J J FE KKK J J

J F EKKKK J

KKEKKKKK J

J
EJ F
K
K

K
K

K
K

K EJ F K

- -

EJ F

EJ F

- -

K
EJ F
K

EJ F

KK

EJ F
K R Pb
PN E F
K
- -

PF

E10.2F

KEF

EJ F

- -

EJ F
F DC

EJ F

J

K

- -

K
62 - 90 kPa 28 - 55 kPa

W 20 kPa

NO.....NC
K

NO

62K,.90 kPa 28 .,..55 kPa

KNC 90 kPa 62 kPa

25 oC

- -

kPa
90

C
25

62

25 - (90-62) /20 = 23.6

55

25- (90 - 55)/20 = 23.25

28

25 - (90 -28) /20 = 21.9

- -

EF K

K K

K
K

- -


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- -

Central A/C control

E F E F

K
W

EF

EF

RA EJ F

OA

RAD

OAD

K

K

- -

EJ F

W
J
EJ F

Direct Action (DA) T1

T2 K

Outside Air Damper (OAD) Reverse Action (RA)

Normally Closed ( NC)EF
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K(NC)Exhaust

Air Damper (EAD)

T2

T2

T1 K

- -

EJ F
Static pressure control J

EJ F
K
F K

KK

- -

J EJ F

Air cooling controlJ

EJ F
K

ON - OFF NCF
KE

K NO

NC

K
K

- -

EJ F

F EJ F

KEJ F
K
- -

K
K

EFEJ F

EFEJ F

- -

J
EJ F

EFEJ F

EJ F
K

- -

J
K

EFEJ F

- -

J
T2 T1EJ F

K K

NOF

K ON - OFF E

NC

KEJ F NC
K

EFEJ F

KKK

- -

J

KEJ F

J
K
EJ F K

T3FST1

KRT2

EJ F

EJ F

KK

- -

J
K

EFJ

F
KE
KEJ FEF

EJ F

KK
E J F

K K

- -

EFJ
EJ FK

EF
K

EJ F

K
EJ F K

EJ F
- -

EJ F

K
EJ F K

AQ K

KEF

- -

EJ F

W
K
K

EFEJ F

K
K
- -

EJ F

-
EFEJ F
KK

EJ F

- -

K
EJ FK

K

EJ F

K

K

K EJ F

T2W
T1
K

K T3

- -

EFEJ F

T4
T1 W
T2
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K T3

T4

T2 T1

T3K
K J

T4

K
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FS
K

T KEJ F
H
H H

KT

T T K

H T

H K

HK H T

H K

HT K
TK

T T

- -

EFEJ F

KH T

K H

K H T

H
- -

H K
K

K T

KH

- -

F K
E

- -


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- -

Noise control

10 210-12 W/m Sound intensity

20 dB10

dBdBEF

80 dB50 dB

EF K

EF K

EJ J F

WK
Lw = 11.5 + 10 Log P

W P
- -

dBJ

dBJ

chiller

J
J

EF

- -

KEJ FEJ F

Silencer

Noise criteria

Room criteriaK
K

- -

- -


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PLC

PLC

- -

Principles of Programmable Logic Control

PLC

F semiconductor

magnetic Esolid state

K relays

WEFPLC

programming deviceJ
hand hold prog.PC

W processor J
KK

Ksucosydmat W

W Inputs/ OutputsJ
KKKKKK

KKKKKK

Instruction Lest (IL)

000 L I0.0
001 AI0.1
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QI

- -

Ladder diagram

Control System Flow chart ( CFS)

A
&

>1

C
&

PLC

WPLC

- -

PLC
PLC

K
KPLC

Logic gates

EF

AND , OR, NOTK

NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR, .....

EJ J J F

-
??AND

EF

- -

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000 LI0.0
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KE1FE0F
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A
0
0
1
1

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0
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0
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R
0
0
0
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- -

W
A

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000 LI0.0
001 OI0.1
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W

A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

R
0
1
1
1

A+B=R

RBA
- -

??NOT

A I 0.0

Q 0.0

ELDF

000 LNI0.0
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XNOR XOR NOR NAND W

??NAND

AND

WK

- -

A
B

&

M
M

ELDF

W
000 LI0.0
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OR

A
I 0.0

I 0.1

B
R

Q 0.0

( LD)

000 LNI0.0
001 ONI0.1
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- -

??NORJ
K OR

M
A
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A
B

ELDF

W
000 LI0.0
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&

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000 LNI0.0
001 ANI0.1
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( EXCLUSIVE

OR )XORJ

AB

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B
B

&

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000 L I 0.0

001 XO I 0.1
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000
001
002
003
004
005

L I 0.0
AN I 0.1
L N I 0.0
A I 0.1
O
= Q 0.0
- -

XNOR J

&

&

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000 L I 0.0
001 XON I 0.1
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A
C

000
001
002
R 003

L I 0.0
O I 0.1
A I 0.2
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- -

1
R

PLC W
PS3
PRG3
ESet-ResetFFlip-FlopMarkers

JumpClockTimers
Counters
KArithCP

WW

-
W

EF

EFF

K

W

EI 0.1F

EI0.0F

EM0.0F
ETR0F
- -

EQ0.0F

EQ0.8F

E Q0.1FEI0.2F

- -

- -

EJ J J F
W

-
-

-
-

EI0.5F
EI0.6F

FEI0.1FEI0.0F
EFEQ0.1FEQ0.0

EM0.0F

EQ0.2FEI0.2F

EI0.3F
EQ0.3F

EI0.4F
EQ0.4F

- -

- -

K
W

K -
-
K

K -
K -
K -

(TR0FEQ0.4F

EI0.1FEI0.0F

EQ0.1F

EQ0.1F

EI0.4F

EI0.6F

EI0.10F
E3CRFEQ0.7FEM0.0FEI0.11F
E3CRF

- -

- -

- -

- -

WE3CRF

EQ0.3FEQ0.2F

EQ0.4F

EQ0.5F
EQ0.6F

EI0.2F

EI0.3FEQ0.2F
EQ0.3F

EI0.10F

- -

PLC

J W OR
J J

J W NAND
J J
K

- -


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DDC

DDC

--

Principals of Direct DigitalControl DDC

DDC

EDirect digital control F microprocessor

sensors EF
actuators

F Inputs
EKKKK

J FKOutputs
KEFDDCE

EJ F

--

EF DDC
K

K K
K K
K

Analog Input (AI)

4 0-10 V EAO)

K3 - 13 PSI- 20 mA

Digital Input0 or 1J J

EDIF
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DDC

DDC
W

K
K
K

K
DI, AI, DO, AO

--

F
KE

EJ FDDC

EJ F

MS DO DDC Controller

DI

AI
AO

KAOKDI

--

DDC
DDC

J

K

EJ F

--

DDCJ

DDCEJ FK

MS DO DDC Controller

DI

DDCEJ F

AIT

AIH

AO

--

DI

T K

HVACJ
WEJ F
K

K
K
K

T
H

T
H

E F

VAV DDCJ

K
--

HVACEJ F
K
K

KEJ F

K
KDI, AI, DO, AO

F
KEJ FE

E F
K
--

EJ F

DDC

--

DDCVAVEJ F

1. Duty cycle program

2. Power demand limiting program
3. Unoccupied period program
4. optimum start stop program
5. Unoccupied night purge program
6. Enthalpy program
7. Load reset program
8. Zero energy band program

--

DDC K

DDC K
DDC K

VAV DDC K
EJ F

--


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W
(H.V.A.C.)
K

W
W

Building Management Systems

K(BMS)

W
K

- -

K
Energy Management Principles

green house effect

K

K

- -

KK

Energy auditK

K
W

- -

KKKKKKK

KKKKKKKK

KE

Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs)

K
Energy Conservation ? ?

K KOpportunities (ECOs)

K
- -

W
K

KEJ FKKW o

EJ F

(reflective film) o

(bricks) o

- -

o
o
o

KKfluorescentKKKKKKincandescentKKK o

EF o
o

economizer

WK
J

- -

K
K

W
o

W
o

o
o

o
o

EF

K(caulking and weather stripping)

KEentrance halls)
- -

o
o

(automatic dampers) o

exhaust hoods
K

o
o
o

K o
K

K o
J J J W

- -

E
F

K

o
o

WK

o
o

o
o

Direct Digital Control (DDC)

(DDC)
KEF

Building Energy Management System

KEKKK
K
W

- -

localized controller

EJ F
K
WK
K

Localized EJ F

remote controller

EJ F
K

LWK

LL

KK

- -

Remote controllerEJ F

centralized computer control

Building Energy Management

KSystem (BEMS)
overall optimization
KEJ F

- -

EJ F
centralized computer control

- -

K
K
K

- -

1. "Principles of Refrigeration"
Author: Roy J. Dossat
Publisher: Prentice Hall
2. " Control systems for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning"
Author: Roger W. Haines
3. " Automatic Control for Heating and Air Conditioning"
Author: Harry J. Edward r
4. " Refrigeration and Air Conditioning"
Author: Stoecker, W. F. & Jones, J.W.
5. " Solid State Electronic Control for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration"
Billy C. Langley
6. " Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers"
Author: G. Dunning
Publisher: Delmer
7. " Understanding Direct Digital Control"
Author: Carlson and Giandomenico
8. Building Energy Management Systems: An application to Heating and
Control"
Author: Levermore
9. Building Energy Management Systems: Application to Low Energy
HVAC and Natural Ventilation Control"
Author: Levermore
10. " Energy Management AND Control Systems Handbook
Author: Wiliam F. Payne
J

- -

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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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PLC

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

DDC

DDC

HVAC

DDC

EF
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS