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DHCP Client Configuration process
DHCP supports Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), which enables
computers running Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 to
configure an IP address and subnet mask if a DHCP server is unavailable at system
startup and the Automatic private IP address Alternate Configuration setting is
selected. This feature is useful for clients on small private networks, such as a
small-business office or a home office.
The DHCP Client service on a computer running Windows XP and Windows
Server 2003 uses the following process to auto-configure the client:
The DHCP client attempts to locate a DHCP server and obtain an IP
address and configuration.
1.
If a DHCP server cannot be found or does not respond after one minute,
the DHCP client checks the settings on the Alternate Configuration tab of
the properties of the TCP/IP protocol.
2.

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If Automatic private IP address is selected, the DHCP client
auto-configures its IP address and subnet mask by using a selected
address from the Microsoft-reserved Class B network, 169.254.0.0, with
the subnet mask 255.255.0.0. The DHCP client tests for an address
conflict to ensure that the IP address is not in use on the network. If a
conflict is found, the client selects another IP address. The client retries
auto-configuration up to 10 times.
If User Configured is selected, the DHCP client configures a static IP
address configuration. The DHCP client tests for an address conflict to
ensure that the IP address is not already in use on the network. If a
conflict is found, the DHCP client indicates the error condition to the user.
When the DHCP client succeeds in self-selecting an address, it configures
its network interface with the IP address. The client then continues to
check for a DHCP server in the background every five minutes. If a DHCP
server responds, the DHCP client abandons its self-selected IP address
and uses the address offered by the DHCP server (and any other DHCP
option information that the server provides) to update its IP configuration
settings.
If the DHCP client obtained a lease from a DHCP server on a previous
occasion, and the lease is still valid (not expired) at system startup, the
client tries to renew its lease. If, during the renewal attempt, the client
fails to locate any DHCP server, it attempts to ping the default gateway
listed in the lease, and proceeds in one of the following ways: If the ping is
successful, the DHCP client assumes that it is still located on the same
network where it obtained its current lease, and continues to use the lease
as long as the lease is still valid. By default the client then attempts, in the
background, to renew its lease when 50 percent of its assigned lease time
has expired.
If the ping fails, the DHCP client assumes that it has been moved to a
3.
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network where a DHCP server is not available. The client then
auto-configures its IP address by using the settings on the Alternate
Configuration tab. When the client is auto-configured, it attempts to
locate a DHCP server and obtain a lease every five minutes. Windows
Server 2003 DHCP has both server-side and client-side conflict detection
to prevent duplicate IP addresses on your network.
Client Conflict Detection
Client computers running Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, Windows 2000,
Windows NT 4.0, Windows Millennium Edition, and Windows 98 automatically
check to determine if an IP address is already in use before using it. After the
DHCP client receives a lease from the DHCP server, the client sends an Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP) request to the address that it has been assigned. If a
reply to the ARP request is received, the client has detected a conflict and sends a
DHCPDecline message to the DHCP server. The DHCP server attaches a
BAD_ADDRESS value to the IP address in the scope for the length of the lease.
The client then begins the lease process again, and is offered the next available
address in the scope.
Server Conflict Detection
If your network includes older DHCP clients that do not perform conflict detection
themselves, you can enable conflict detection on the DHCP server. By default, the
Windows Server 2003 DHCP Server service does not perform any conflict
detection. To detect conflicts, the DHCP server pings (sends an ICMP Echo
message to) an IP address before offering that address to clients in a new lease.
The DHCP server only pings addresses that have not been successfully and
previously leased. If a client requests a lease on an IP address that it already had or
is requesting a renewal, the DHCP server does not ping the IP address

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< How to authorize DHCP
server
How to configure DHCP Client >
DNS Server
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Dhcp Server
How to install dhcp server
DHCP Server Configuration options
Configure DHCP Server Scope
How to authorize DHCP server
DHCP Client Configuration process
How to configure DHCP Client
DHCP Client Reservation
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