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com Omar AL-Hourani

 :Introduction

.Noun -
"-ing" -
: .
eat à eating
: .
play
drive
. "-tion"
educate à education
: .
choose à choice
ask à question
develop à development

:the a , an

"a" :"an" "a" -

" " "an"
: .
an hour , a university , an honest
h o h h "hour"
"honest" an o our hour
.

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 "an umbrella" " " u "university"
.a u
. -
We have a cat and a dog. .
" " -
.
" "
I am (I'm) going to the supermarket.
. .
We have a cat and a dog. The cat is old, but the dog is puppy.
. -
I am (I'm) a teacher. .
She is (She's) an actress. .
: . -
a few , a little , a lot , a pair of ,
a numbers of , a hundreds of , a quarter ,
a bit
. "What" -
What a hole! !
: . -
. ...
The earth moves around the sun. .
The King. .
The Eiffel Tower. .
. : -
The British Museum. .
The Atlantic. .

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 : -
.
The Rockies. " ".
The West Indies. " ".
The Red Sea. " ".
The Amazon. " ".
The River Amazon. " ".
." " -
."by" -
I went by a car. .
. -
This the pen.
This is the pen.
My a pen.
-
.
I had lunch with John. " ".
I bought Cosmopolitan at Paddington Station.

. -
at home , at/to work , at/to school , at/to university ,
at/to sea , at/to college , at/to church , …
in/to bed , in/to class , in/to hospital , on foot , …

She goes to a work by bus. .

I was at the home yesterday. .

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 -
.
Water boils at 100 C.
Milk is good for you.
I like potato.
" "
" " "
."
. −
The First Winner. .
I am reading the second book. .
. "someone , somebody , some-" −
" −
." Paragraphs

. "go home" -
I (go/went) to home.
I (go/went) home.

:Proper Nouns /

.
Capital Letter
: . "the" "a , an"
Ali , Damascus , America , Friday

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 :Common Nouns /

: . "the" "a , an"

man , teacher , cat , book , city

:Material Nouns /

.
: .
iron , snow , water , sand , air , bread

:Collective Nouns /

.
: .
crowd , army , fleet , flock
crowds , armies , fleets

:Abstract Nouns /

.
: .
joy , laughter , pleasure

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 :

: /

"a , an" .
"many" "the"
: ."few"
a man , many men , a few men
many of men , a few of men

: /

is , has , " .
"the" "a , an" " ...was
."little" "much"
: .
:Substances (
Material: cotton , cloth , silk , wool , nylon , gold, silver, …
Food: flour , rice , bread , wheat , rye , sugar , salt , pepper, …
Other: butter , cheese , jam , fur , skin , hair , ice , snow , rain , soil ,
grass , land , ground , wood , plastic , leather , coal , rock , sand ,
paper , cement , chalk , plaster , paint, …
:Liquids (
water , milk , coffee , tea , oil , petrol , gasoline , juice , alcohol, …
:Gases (
air , smoke , steam , oxygen , hydrogen, …
: (
music , luggage , baggage , pay , noise , traffic , furniture ,
accommodation , homework, …

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 ." " Abstarct Nouns (
water , much water , a little water
sugar , much sugar , a little sugar
water , much of water , a little of water
sugar , much of sugar , a little of sugar

-
" " "coffee" .
. " "
I want a coffee. " " .( / )
I like coffee. " ".
"tea , potato, …"

.
She has much of gold and a little of beauty
This water is sterilized. .

: . -
The boy threw a stone. ".
This wall is made of stone. ".
-
: . "s"
ideas , opinions , truths

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 "s" -
: .
I met three Omars yesterday. .

:The plural

"s" -
." " -s
"ve" "fe" "f" -
: . -s -s
leaf à leaves , loaf à loaves , sheaf à sheaves ,
thief à thieves , calf à calves , self à selves ,
wolf à wolves , half à halves , scarf à scarves ,
life à lives , wife à wives , knife à knives
: . -
man à men : , woman à women : ,
child à children : , foot à feet : ,
tooth à teeth : , mouse à mice : ,
goose à geese : , louse à lice : , ox à oxen :
erratum à errata : , index à indices :
: . -
deer , sheep , swine
: . -
people , cattle , clergy , police ,
poultry , public , vermin ,
Poultry are there. .

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 ." " "people" .
Peoples of Europe eat much of potato. .
: . "s" -
dozen: two dozen , score : three score ,
thousand : five thousand , hundred : eight hundred ,
million : nine million , head : two head
: .
dozens of eggs , hundreds of boys
: . -
news , innings , gallows
ethics , mathematics , physics ,
phonetics
−
. ...
The scissors are lost. .
The scissor is lost.

:Gender

. -
:
.him He : (
:
son , boy , man , father , brother , uncle ,
nephew , prince , king ,…
.her She : (
:
daughter , girl , woman , mother , sister ,

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 aunt , niece , princess , queen ,…
.it : (
: .
pen , table , door , book , city , cat , dog ,…
: . : (
child , friend , doctor ,
judge , cousin ,
artist , teacher ,…

: -

boy : girl :
brother : sister :
bull : cow :
cock : hen :
dog : bitch :
father : mother :
fox : vixen :
horse : mare :
husband : wife :
king : queen :
lord : lady :
man : woman :
monk : nun :
nephew : niece :
ram : ewe :
sir : madam :

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 son : daughter :
uncle : aunt :

.it country , city -

:Case of Nouns

: :Nominative /

. (
The boy broke the window. .
. (
This man is my father. . .
: :
." "
: :Object /

. (
The boy broke the window. .
. (
Put your cup on the table. .
. (
He came yesterday. .

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 : :Genitive ( ) /

: (
's : -
The girl's robe. .

Shakespeare's plays. .
.
.-es -s ' : -
The girls' robes. .
The boys' books. .
Ali's house. .
's -es -s
.
The men's room. .
The children's teacher. .

: -
. (
The cat's tail. " ".
The men's room. " ".
The women's society. " ".
. (
The Beauty's queen. .

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 . "of" : (
:

Names of the engineers

The leg of the table

: -
." " (
The leg of the table. .
( ):
My key of door.
My door's key.
. (
Names of the engineers. OR The engineers' names.

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