DC Meeting

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras

Progress Report for DC Review Meeting
Data Sheet
1. Name : MAHAJAN MILINDA ASHOK
2. Registration No. : CE 04 D 01
!. Registered for : "#.D.
4. Categor$ : Reg%lar
&. 'a( )road *pe+iali,ation : *tr%+t%ral Engineering
'-( Resear+# Topi+ : Eval%ation of -e#avio%r of Reinfor+ed Con+rete
E.terior )eam/Col%mn 0oint.
. 1%ide 's( : Dr. G. APPA RAO
Dr. A. K. SNG!P"A
2. Date of 0oining : 0!30432004
4. Date of Registration : 0!30432004
5. DC Meeting Dates : Registration Meeting: 131132004.
6irst 7ear Revie8 Meeting: 243053200&.
*e+ond 7ear Revie8 Meeting: 2230232002.
T#ird 7ear Revie8 Meeting: !030432002.
6o%rt# Revie8 Meeting: 2130232004.
6ift# Revie8 Meeting: 1230432004.
*i.t# Revie8 Meeting: 0230132005.
10. Residen+e "eriod :
IIT Madras, C#ennai, India: 6rom 0!30432004 to !130&3200.
I9), :ni. ;f *t%ttgart, 1erman$ 'D<<D "rg.(: 6rom 01303200 to !03113200.
IIT Madras, C#ennai, India: 6rom 013123200.
11. Co%rses :
Core #
$e%tive
Co&rse
No.
Co&rse Na'e Cre(it
Se'ester )
*ear
Gra(e
Core 1 <M&!5 <dvan+ed *tr%+t%ral Me+#ani+s ! 0%l/De+, 2004 )
Core 2 CE&1 6inite Element <nal$sis 4 0%l/De+, 2004 )
Ele+tive 1 CE&!
<dvan+ed T#eor$ and Design of
Con+rete *tr%+t%res
! 0%l/De+, 2004 )
Ele+tive 2 CE220 6ra+t%re Me+#ani+s of Con+rete ! 0an/Ma$, 200& )
Comp%lsor$ ID02 Resear+# Met#odolog$ 2 0%l/De+, 2004 "<**
12. Date of Compre#ensive E.amination : 013053200&.
1!. *eminar Dates : '6irst *eminar Tal=( : 0530432004.
'*e+ond *eminar Tal=(: 0431232004.
+Dr. G. APPA RAO, +Dr. A. K. SNG!P"A, +MAHAJAN MILINDA A.,
*ignat%re of t#e 1%ide's( 8it# Date *ignat%re of t#e *+#olar 8it# Date
Date Time
0230132005 04:00 pm
0
-AL!A"ION O. /HA-IO!R O. RIN.ORCD CONCR" 0"RIOR /AM1
COL!MN JOIN"S
Intro(&%tion
T#e Indian +ode of pra+ti+e for design of reinfor+ed +on+rete -%ildings does not provide an$
provision for predi+ting t#e effe+tive >oint 8idt# and >oint s#ear strengt#. T#ese ?%antities are
important for an e.terior >oint, lig#tl$ reinfor+ed >oint and 8#en t#e -eam is e++entri+ to t#e
+ol%mn. T#e present st%d$ aims to ?%antif$ t#e a-ove ?%antities -ased on n%meri+al and
e.perimental investigations.
T#e -e#avio%r of RC -eam/+ol%mn >oints involves t#e intera+tion of several p#enomena
s%+# as s#ear, -ond, fatig%e, +onfinement et+. In t#e >oints, 8#ere t#e a.es of t#e -eam and +ol%mn
do not +oin+ide i.e. not +oplanar, torsion 8ill -e developed in t#e >oint. T#e torsion developed in t#e
>oint prod%+es additional s#ear stresses, and it affe+ts t#e s#ear +apa+it$ of t#e >oint. T#%s t#e design
re+ommendations developed for t#e +on+entri+ -eam/+ol%mn >oints needs to -e modified for t#e
e++entri+ -eam/+ol%mn >oints.
;nl$ e.perimental investigation of t#e >oints is not e+onomi+al -e+a%se of +ost and time.
T#erefore, n%meri+al sim%lations ma$ prove to -e essential to st%d$ t#e nonlinear response of
-eam/+ol%mn >oints. T#is resear+# programme investigates e.terior +on+entri+ and e++entri+ -eam/
+ol%mn >oints -ot# n%meri+all$ and e.perimentall$.
Literat&re Review
T#e st%d$ on -eam/+ol%mn >oints -$ "a%la$ et al. '1524( is a -en+# mar= st%d$ of t#e
vario%s parameters infl%en+ing t#e -eam/+ol%mn >oints. T#e fail%res of t#e >oints d%e to s#ear and
an+#orage fail%res of t#e -eam -ar in -eam/+ol%mn s%-/assem-lages 8ere #ig#lig#ted. T#e s#ear
transfer me+#anism in -eam/+ol%mn >oints 8ere reported -$ "a%la$ '1545(. T#e e?%ili-ri%m of
for+es in a -eam/+ol%mn >oint 8as adopted t#ro%g# simple prin+iples of stati+s, to predi+t t#e >oint
s#ear for+es. T#e realit$ of s%+# me+#anisms is, #o8ever, signifi+antl$ affe+ted -$ t#e level of -ond
stresses developed in t#e -ars passing t#ro%g# a >oint.
0o# et al. '1551( tested five -eam/+ol%mn >oints in+l%ding t8o e++entri+ -eam/+ol%mn
>oints. T#e displa+ement d%+tilit$ of spe+imens 8it# e++entri+it$ 8as onl$ -et8een 2.& and &, 8#ile
spe+imens 8it#o%t e++entri+it$ #ad displa+ement d%+tilit$ ranging from 4 to 4. *i. interior
e++entri+ -eam/+ol%mn >oints 8ere tested -$ Teng and @#o% '200!(. It 8as o-served t#at, strains in
t#e >oint #oop reinfor+ement on t#e fl%s# side 8ere larger t#an t#ose on t#e offset side, 8#i+# 8as
attri-%ted to t#e additional s#ear d%e to torsion. It 8as fo%nd t#at t#e s#ear strengt#s of e++entri+
-eam/+ol%mn >oints 8ere overestimated %sing t#e +%rrent <CI/<*CE Committee/!&2 design
re+ommendations.
Resear%h Signifi%an%e
T#e infl%en+e of >oint e++entri+it$ on t#e s#ear strengt# of -eam/+ol%mn >oint is not
%nderstood +ompletel$. T#e +%rrent design met#ods pres+ri-ed -$ vario%s +odes of pra+ti+e
+onsider t#e >oint e++entri+it$ on t#e >oint s#ear strengt# -$ red%+ing t#e effe+tive >oint 8idt#.
Ao8ever, t#e e.pressions for effe+tive >oint 8idt# differ 8idel$. 6%rt#er st%dies are needed to
in+orporate ot#er infl%en+ing parameters to improve t#e e.pression for effe+tive >oint 8idt#.
1
O23e%tive of Resear%h
T#e o->e+tives of t#e present resear+# are as follo8s:
i. Eval%ation of s#ear strengt# of e.terior >oints '+on+entri+ and e++entri+( %nder monotoni+
and +$+li+ loading, -ased on t#e follo8ing.
a( < parametri+ st%d$ %sing a non/linear finite element met#od of anal$sis

-( E.perimental investigation of -eamB+ol%mnB>oint s%-/assem-lages
ii. 6orm%lation of effe+tive >oint 8idt# -ased on t#e a-ove investigations.
S%ope of Resear%h
T#e parameters st%died are +ompressive strengt# of +on+rete, tensile strengt# of steel,
amo%nts of longit%dinal reinfor+ement in t#e -eam and +ol%mn, amo%nt of stirr%ps in t#e >oint,
e++entri+it$ of t#e >oint, >oint aspe+t ratio, effe+t of -eam/to/+ol%mn 8idt# ratio and +ol%mn a.ial
load.
T#e effe+ts of transverse -eams and sla- on t#e >oint -e#avio%r are not +onsidered.
Metho(o$og4
T#e met#odolog$ of t#e st%d$ is as follo8s:
i. Citerat%re revie8
ii. N%meri+al investigation
E.terior +on+entri+ and e++entri+ >oints are -eing anal$,ed %nder monotoni+ and +$+li+
loadings. T#e res%lts of n%meri+al st%d$ of t#e >oints 8ill -e +ompared 8it# t#e
e.perimental res%lts. T#e infl%en+e of several varia-les is -eing inspe+ted %sing res%lts of
parametri+ st%d$.
iii. E.perimental investigation
6o%r f%ll s+ale s%-assem-lages, 8it# e++entri+ and +ompanion +on+entri+ geometries are
-eing st%died %nder lateral monotoni+ and +$+li+ loadings.
iv. 6orm%lation -ased on res%lts
)ased on t#e parametri+ st%d$ and t#e e.perimental investigations, empiri+al model for t#e
nominal >oint s#ear strengt# 8ill -e developed and +ompared t#e sele+ted t$pes of >oints.
v. "reparation of dissertation
Progress (&ring ar$ier Review Perio(s
E.perimental Investigation
T8o RC e.terior -eam/+ol%mn s%-assem-lies 8ere tested %nder monotoni+ loading.
T#e spe+imens 8ere identi+al e.+ept t#e e++entri+it$ -et8een t#e -eam and +ol%mn
+enterlines.
T#e tested spe+imens failed in >oint s#ear mode 8it#o%t $ielding of -eam or +ol%mn.
2
"arametri+ *t%d$ %sing 6inite Element <nal$sis
< nonlinear finite element anal$sis programme 'M<*<( 8as %sed to investigate t#e effe+t of
vario%s parameters infl%en+ing t#e s#ear strengt# and response of t#e -eam/+ol%mn >oints.
T#e parameters st%died in+l%de: >oint e++entri+it$, material properties, -eam and +ol%mn
reinfor+ement ratios, >oint +onfinement ratio, >oint aspe+t ratio and +ol%mn a.ial load.
;ne #%ndred and fort$ nine n%meri+al models in+orporating vario%s parameters 8ere
st%died %nder monotoni+ loading to %nderstand t#e follo8ing -e#avio%r:
1. T#e variation of +on+rete +ompressive strengt#, fc
/
on t#e >oint s#ear strengt# 8as st%died
for vario%s amo%nt of stirr%ps ratio, s. T#e representive grap# is s#o8n in 6ig. 1.
2. T#e effe+t of e++entri+it$ on t#e >oint s#ear strengt# is var$ing 8it# different aspe+t ratio
and amo%nt of stirr%ps.
6ig. 1: Compressive strengt# vers%s s#ear strengt# for different amo%nts of stirr%ps
6orm%lations -ased on t#e res%lts
)ased on t#e parametri+ st%d$ %nder monotoni+ loading, form%lations 8ere done for t#e
follo8ing parameters:
1. Effe+tive >oint 8idt# 'bj(
( ) ( ) { }
1 2
1.10 0.0
b
j b o o
c
b
b b b b e
b
_

+ +
' ;
,
'1(
2. Nominal >oint s#ear strengt# ' jh

(
jh c s
+
'2(
( )
0.4
3
3
0.! 1.& 0.! 1 1.
b c
c c
c g c
h P
f
h A f

_ _ _ _
+

, , , ,
( ) 0.2
s s

Progress (&ring C&rrent Review Perio(
!
"arametri+ *t%d$
T8ent$ n%meri+al models 8ere st%died %nder +$+li+ loading. T#e effe+t of +$+li+ loading is
s#o8n in 6ig. 2.
T#e parameters st%died in+l%de: >oint e++entri+it$, material properties, -eam and +ol%mn
reinfor+ement ratios, >oint +onfinement ratio, >oint aspe+t ratio, +ol%mn a.ial load and
loading #istories.
6ig. 2: Effe+t of +$+li+ loading
6orm%lations -ased on t#e res%lts
)ased on t#e parametri+ st%d$ %nder monotoni+ and +$+li+ loading, form%lations 8ere done
for t#e follo8ing parameters:
1. Effe+tive >oint 8idt# 'bj(
1 2
1 1.10 0.2&
j
b o o b
b c b c b
b
b b b h e
b h b b b
_ _ _ _ _ +
+
' ; ' ;
, , , , ,
'!(
2. Nominal >oint s#ear strengt# ' jh

(
jh c s
+
'4(
1 2 ! 4 c cb

6or, 20 D fc
/
D 20 MPaE ( ) ( )
{ }
2
3 3
0.00! 0.!4 !.4
cb c c
f f +
6or, 0 D col D 4.0 %E ( ) ( )
{ }
2
1
0.02 0.21 0.2
col col
+ +
6or, 0.2 D 'hb/hc( D 2.0E ( ) ( )
2
1.& 0.!&
b c
h h
6or, 0 D( )
3
c g c
P A f
D 0.&E ( ) ( )
3
!
1
c g c
P A f +
4
0.2&
Con+l%sions of "arametri+ *t%d$
4
)ased on t#e o-servations, t#e follo8ing +on+l%sions +an -e dra8n:
1. T#e effe+t of e++entri+it$, +ompressive strengt# of +on+rete, amo%nt of >oint stirr%ps, +ol%mn
a.ial load, -eam 8idt# ratio and >oint aspe+t ratio on t#e >oint s#ear strengt# seems to -e
ver$ signifi+ant.
2. T#e >oint s#ear strengt# %nder +$+li+ loading red%+ed -$ a-o%t 2&F 8it# referen+e to t#e
>oint s#ear +apa+it$ %nder monotoni+ loading.
!. Comparison of t#e n%meri+al res%lts 8as done 8it# t#e availa-le e.perimental res%lts and
vario%s design g%idelines. T#e variation in t#e re?%irements of s#ear reinfor+ement is
s%-stantial among t#e t#ree +odes +onsidered '<CI !&2R/02, N@* !101 and EN 1554/1(.
Propose( 5or6
T#e e.perimental investigation 8ill -e done to eval%ate t#e s#ear strengt# of t#e +on+entri+
and e++entri+ e.terior -eam/+ol%mn >oint s%->e+ted to +$+li+ loading. T#e follo8ing are aimed:
To eval%ate t#e effe+t of strengt# degradation.
To eval%ate t#e effe+t of stiffness degradation.
To +al+%late t#e energ$ dissipation.
Notations
Ag G 1ross +3s area of +ol%mnE in s?%are of mm
bb G 9idt# of -eam framing into >ointE in mm
bc G 9idt# of +ol%mn framing into >ointE in mm
bj G Effe+tive >oint 8idt#E in mm
bo1 G 9idt# of pro>e+tion of +ol%mn -e$ond -eam on eit#er side 'smaller one(E in mm
bo2 G 9idt# of pro>e+tion of +ol%mn -e$ond -eam on eit#er side 'larger one(E in mm
e G 0oint e++entri+it$ meas%red -et8een +ol%mn +enterline and -eam +enterline
fc
/
G C$linder +ompressive strengt# of +on+reteE in MPa
hb G Dept# of -eamE in mm
hc G Dept# of +ol%mnE in mm
Pc G <.ial load applied on t#e +ol%mnE in N
jh G Nominal >oint s#ear strengt# in t#e #ori,ontal dire+tionE in MPa
c G Nominal >oint s#ear strengt# +ontri-%ted -$ +on+reteE in MPa
cb G )asi+ >oint s#ear strengt# +ontri-%ted -$ +on+reteE in MPa
s G Nominal >oint s#ear strengt# +ontri-%ted -$ >oint stirr%psE in MPa
s G vol%metri+ ratio of stirr%psE defined as t#e vol%me of stirr%ps to t#e vol%me of
+ore of +on+rete +onfined -$ stirr%psE in F
col G Col%mn reinfor+ement ratioE defined as t#e ratio of total area of longit%dinal
reinfor+ement in +ol%mn to t#e gross +3s area of +ol%mnE in F
H1, 2, !, 4G 6a+tors for +onsidering t#e effe+t of amo%nts of longit%dinal reinfor+ement in t#e
+ol%mn, >oint aspe+t ratio, +ol%mn a.ial load and +$+li+ loading respe+tivel$
&
5or6 P$an
5ORK
Jan7
89
Jan7
:8
Jan7
:;
.e27
9
.e27
88
.e27
:<
Mar7
9
Mar7
88
Mar7
8;
E.perimental Investigation
I
"reparation of first draft of t#esis
9riting of s$nopsis
Revision of t#esis draft
I *%->e+ted to restoration of #$dra%li+ a+t%ator
P&2$i%ations
1. Ma#a>an, M. <., Rao, 1. <., and *eng%pta, <. J. '200&( K*eismi+ Design Re?%irements of
Reinfor+ed Con+rete )eam/Col%mn 0ointsL Proceedings, !rd *pe+ialt$ International
Conferen+e on t#e Con+ept%al <pproa+# to str%+t%ral design, *ingapore, 2&/2 <%g%st pp. 2.
2. Rao, 1. <., Ma#a>an, M. <., and Elige#a%sen, R. '200&( KEffi+ien+$ of *eismi+ Retrofit of RC
)eam/Col%mn 0ointsL Paper presented at KT#e *tr%+t%ral Engineering Convention /200&L,
organi,ed -$ Indian Instit%te of *+ien+e, )angalore, 14/1 De+em-er.
!. Ma#a>an, M. <., Rao, 1. <., and *eng%pta, <. J. '2004( K"arametri+ st%d$ on RC E.terior
E++entri+ )eam/Col%mn 0ointsL, Paper presented in <CI *pring Convention, !0 Mar+#/0! <pr.
4. Rao, 1. <., Ma#a>an, M. <., 1angaram, M., and Elige#a%sen, R. '2004( K"erforman+e of
nonseismi+all$ designed RC -eam +ol%mn >oints strengt#ened -$ vario%s s+#emes s%->e+ted to
seismi+ loadsM< revie8L, Jornal of !trctral "ngineering, April#Ma$, Nol. !&, No. 1, pp. 2.
&. Ma#a>an, M. <., and Rao, 1. <. '2004( KN%meri+al *t%dies on -e#avio%r and *#ear *trengt# of
RC )eam/Col%mn 0oints in+orporating 6ra+t%re properties of Con+reteL, Paper presented in
Inter?%adrennial Conferen+e of International Congress on 6ra+t%re, )angalore, 0!/02 *ep.
. Ma#a>an, M. <., Rao, 1. <., *eng%pta, <. J., and Elige#a%sen, R. '2004( K*t%dies on
-e#avio%r of RC E.terior )eam/Col%mn 0oints %nder Monotoni+ CoadingL, Paper accepted for
2t# fi- International "#D *$mposi%m in Civil Engineering.
Referen%es
1. <CI/!&2R/02 '2004( KRe+ommendations for Design of )eam/Col%mn 0oints in Monolit#i+
Reinfor+ed Con+rete *tr%+t%resL, <meri+an Con+rete Instit%te, <CI/<*CE, Committee !&2, pp.
!2.
2. EN 1554/1 '2004(, K1eneral R%les, *eismi+ <+tions and R%les for )%ildingsL, E%ro+ode/4:
part/1: Design of *tr%+t%res for Eart#?%a=e Resistan+e, pp. 2!0.
!. 0o#, ;., 1oto, 7. and *#i-ata, T. '1551(, K)e#avio%r of Reinfor+ed Con+rete )eam/Col%mn
0oints 8it# E++entri+it$L, A%& !P' 12(, pp.!12/!&2.
4. N@*/!101 '155&(, KCon+rete str%+t%res standard, "art 1 and 2, Code and Commentar$ on t#e
Design of Con+rete *tr%+t%resL, Ne8 @ealand *tandard.
&. "a%la$, T. '1545(, KE?%ili-ri%m Criteria for RC )eam/Col%mn 0ointsL, A%& !trctral Jornal,
Nol. 4/*, pp. !&/4!.
. "a%la$, T., "ar=, R. and "riestle$, M.0.N. '1524(, KReinfor+ed +on+rete -eam/+ol%mn >oints
%nder seismi+ a+tionsL, A%& Jornal, Nol. 2&/0, pp. &4&/&5!.
2. Teng, *. and @#o%, A. '200!(, KE++entri+ RC -eam/+ol%mn >oints s%->e+ted to +$+li+ loadingL,
A%& !trctral Jornal, Nol. 100/*1&, pp. 1!5/144.