UNIX Basics Commands-1

1. $ login : `Logging in'

2. $ Ssh : Connect to another machine
3. $ Logout : `Logging out'

File Management Commands

4. $ emacs : `Using the emacs text editor'

5. $ Mkdir : `Creating a directory'
6. $ Cd : `Changing your current working directory'
7. $ ls : `Finding out what files you have'
8. $ Cp : `Making a copy of a file'
9. $ Mv : `Changing the name of a file'
10. $ rm : remove a file
11. $ cmp : Comparing two files
12. $ wc : Word, line, and character count
13. $ Compress : Compress a file.

Communication Commands

14. $ e-mail : `Sending and receiving electronic mail'

15. $ Talk : Talk to another user
16. $ Write : Write messages to another user
17. $ Sftp : Secure file transfer protocol

Information Commands

18. $. Man : Manual pages

19. $ quota –v : Finding out your available disk space quota
20. $ Cal : `Using the Ical personal organizer'
21. $ Finger : Getting information about a user
22. $ passwd : Changing your password
23. $ who : Finding out who's logged on.

Printing Commands

24. $ lpr : `Printing'.

25. $ lprm : Removing a print job.
26. $ lpq : Checking the print queues.

Job control Commands

27. $ ps : `Finding your processes'

28. $ Kill : `Killing a process'
29. $ Nohup : Continuing a job after logout
30. $ Nice : Changing the priority of a job
31. $ Cntrl-z : Suspending a process
32. $ fg ------- : `Resuming a suspended process'
33. $ Next-----: Selecting a Unix shell
34. $ cat ------- for creating and displaying short files
35. $ date ----- display date
36. $ echo ---- echo argument
37. $ ftp ------- connect to a remote machine to download or upload files
37. $ grep ----- search for a string in a file
 UNIX Basics Commands-2

38. $ head ---- display first part of file

39. $ ls -------- see what files you have
40. $ lpr ------- standard print command (see also print )
41. $ more --- use to read files
42. $ mkdir --- create directory
43. $ mv ------ for moving and renaming files
44. $ ncftp ---- especially good for downloading files via anonymous ftp.
45. $ rmdir ---- remove directory
46. $ rsh ------- remote shell
47. $ setenv --- set an environment variable
48. $ sort ------ sort file
49. $ tail --- ---display last part of file
50. $ tar ------- create an archive, add or extract files
51. $ telnet --- log in to another machine
52. $ wc ------ count characters, words, lines
53. $ logout ------------------- logs off system
54. $ man (co------------------- mmand) ------shows help on a specific command
55. $ talk (user)--------------- pages user for chat - (user) is a email address
56. $ write (user) ------------ write a user on the local system (control-c to end)
57. $ pico (filename)-------- easy to use text editor to edit files
58. $ pine---------------------- easy to use mailer
59. $ more (file) ------------- views a file, pausing every screenful
60. $ sz ------------------------send a file (to you) using zmodem
61. $ rz ------------------------ recieve a file (to the unix system) using zmodem
62. $ telnet (host) ------------ connect to another Internet site
63. $ archie (filename)------ search the Archie database for a file on a FTP site
64. $ irc ------------------------ connect to Internet Relay Chat
65. $ lynx ---------------------a textual World Wide Web browser
66. $ gopher .................. a Gopher database browser
67. $ tin, trn .................... read Usenet newsgroups
68. $ passwd ................ change your password
69. $ chfn ..................... change your "Real Name" as seen on finger
70. $ chsh .................... change the shell you log into
71. $ finger ……………..shows more information about a user
77. $ chmod ................. changes permissions on a file
78. $ bc ....................... a simple calculator
79. $ make .................. compiles source code

Real Time Questions on UNIX related to Informatica

1. What is the use of ls -l command & what is the information it gives about user?

A: - $ ls -l given the sorted file in long listing format. it gives the information such as
type(file/directory), permissions. Given to file, links, owner, group user detail, date &
time of modification etc.

2. What is an Environment Variable?

A: - Environment variables are a set of dynamic named values that can affect the way
running processes will behave on a computer.
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3. Write a grep command that selects the lines from a file that have exactly three
characters?

A: - $ grep ^...$ <filename>

4. The rm command removes links to file. What does this mean? How then is a file
deleted from the file system?

A: - rm never delete the link. Only file get removed from index. So it will not come when
you will use ls command.

5. How to change a normal file into hidden file

A: - my filename .filename.

6. What is "type" command in UNIX? What is the functionality??

A: - type [-aftpP] name [name ...] with no options, indicate how each name would be
interpreted if used as a command name.

7. How to find largest file?

A:-In the Directory Give....ls –ls|sort -nr| head -1that gives the largest file statistics...

8. How do you find which version and name of UNIX you are using at the
command prompt?

A:-Your name -a in HP-UX -s operating system name -r release of the version name

9. What is the command to change a file's creation time? Means one file is created
at the time 15:19 then time should br changed to 14:14?

A:-use touch command to change the date

10. What will be the output of ls ~/...?

A:-it will list the contents of home directory

11. Give the command to display space usage on the UNIX file system?

A:- df -k .

12. What is use of sed command?

A:- sed is a stream editor for editing files from a script or from the command line

13. How to remotely move a file? That means how to move a file one machine to
another machine?

A:- By ftp
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14. How to setup Disk space as well as memory in solaris10?

A:- 1-BY using format command we can find the status of hard disk format

2-For knowing the memory status #prtconf grep Mem

15. Why we are using UNIX OS when we are doing the testing in our application?

A:- Security, Multitasking and backup etc..

16. What is FIND, GREP and SED? Could you please give me the difference
between all the three? Where we use these commands?

A:- FIND & GREP

Basically FIND & GREP are the UNIX commands shared through the FILTERS .Where
is SED (STREAM) is one of the main editor.

FIND: Find is an exclusive command used to find files/folders are other information.
And this is powerful then windows.

Ex: # find /raja -name shekar –print output: raja/shekar

Grep: This is also one of the important command used to globally searching the regular
expression in the file .GERP is gripping the information character by character.(i.e) from
file .ex 1) : #GREP "cat" raja

2): #GREP -i "cat" raja (for case sensitive)

3): #GREP -v "cat" raja (v represent negative)

OUTPUT: if we have a file raja with data regarding cat we can clearly explain. Finally
SED (STREAM)

17. What is the use of the hidden files?

A:- the use of hidden file is my file is not view any another to use only to show myself

18. How many types of file in UNIX?

A:- total 7 files are there.

1. Regular file:(-):contains data in either text format orbinary format

2. Directory file:(d):contains entries of files

3. FIFO file:(f):2 communicate betn 2 processes running onsame system

4. Block special file:(b):name given 2 special blocks ofhard disk

5. Sybolic file:(l):its a link or pointer to alreadyexisting file.

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6. Socket file:(s):2 communicate betn 2 processes running on different system in a

network

7. Character special file:(c):handles only characted formatted data eg.stdin, stdout,

stderr

19. How will u execute a file in unix? IMP

A:- Depending on the type of shell you can execute a file in either of the ways

1) ksh <filename>

2) sh <filename>

If the file already possess execute bit set on it, then you can directly execute the file with
its name alone

1) <filename> Or

If the file doesn't have executable permissions than assign the same as chmod 755
<filename>. After that execute the same by using command. /<filename>.

20. How do you create a file in UNIX?

A:- $ cat >fruits.txt

Apple, orange, grapes

^d (Press control+d)

$ cat fruits.txt

Apple,orange,grapes. or

Using touch & cat command.

21. Write a command to find all of the files which have been accessed within the
last 30 days.

A:- find / -type f -atime -30 > November.files & This command will find all the files under
root, which is "/", with file type is file. "-atime -30" will give all the files accessed less than
30 days ago. And the output will put into a file call November.files.

22. which command is used to stop a running process in unix?

A:- kill -9 pid its forcefully stop kill the curent process

23. What is file system in UNIX?

A:- ufs file system.