ASSIGNMENT BJT FREQUENCY RESPONSE Mapping CO,PO: CO3,PO1,CO5,PO10 CO3: Analyze the frequency response of various BJT configurations. PO1: Ability to acquire in-depth technical competency in specific engineering discipline CO5: Work effectively as an individual and in a group. PO10: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering and management principles and apply these to ones own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
Theory The frequency response of an amplifier is presented in a form of a graph that shows output amplitude (or, more often, voltage gain) plotted versus frequency. Typical plot of the voltage gain of an amplifier versus frequency is shown in Figure 1. The gain is null at zero frequency, then rises as frequency increases, level off for further increases in frequency, and then begins to drop again at high frequencies. The frequency response of an amplifier can be divided into three frequency regions, which are low, high and mid- band region. The frequency response begins with the lower frequency region designated between 0 Hz and lower cutoff frequency, f L . At lower cutoff frequency, f L ,the gain is equal to 0.707 A mid . A mid is a constant mid-band gain obtained from the mid-band frequency region. The third, the upper frequency region covers frequency between upper cutoff frequency, f H and above. Similarly, at upper cutoff frequency, f H , the gain is equal to 0.707 A mid . After the upper cutoff frequency, the gain decreases with frequency increases and dies off eventually.
Figure 1. Frequency response of an amplifier
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The lower frequency response Since the impedance of coupling capacitors increases as frequency decreases, the voltage gain of a BJT amplifier decreases as frequency decreases. At very low frequencies, the capacitive reactance of the coupling capacitors may become large enough to drop some of the input voltage or output voltage. Also, the emitter-bypass capacitor may become large enough so that it no longer shorts the emitter resistor to ground.
The upper frequency response The capacitive reactance of a capacitor decreases as frequency increases. This can lead to problems for amplifiers used for high-frequency amplification. Transistor has inherent shunt capacitances between each pair of terminals. At high frequencies, these capacitances effectively short the ac signal voltage.
Your task Figure 2 is a BJT amplifier with the capacitors. As mentioned above, there are some capacitors in this circuit will affect the low frequency response and high frequency response. To get both responses, you need to do DC and AC analysis on this circuit. Then use the given information from the circuit and calculated current and voltage values (from AC and DC analysis) to calculate lower cutoff frequency f L and upper cutoff frequency f H . Finally, plot the frequency response on the semi-log paper.
AC R S 0.82k C S1 0.27F R 1 68k R 2 10k R 4 640 R 5 560 C E 20F R 6 3.3k C S2 0.20F R 3 5.6k C C2 0.20F C C1 0.20F V CC 14V V O + _ + _
Figure 2. BJT amplifier circuit
*Given values : C Wi = 5pF , C Wo = 8pF C bc =12 pF , C be = 40 pF, C ce = 8pF
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For this assignment, there are several sub-tasks that you need to do. All tasks are listed as follow:
1. Find 4 cycles semi-log graph paper on internet, then download and print it (four copies). On that graph paper, determine the linear and log scale. You should understand and know how to plot the frequency response.
2. Lower frequency response: a) Draw a DC equivalent circuit for the BJT amplifier of Figure 2 (switch is OFF) b) Calculate emitter current I E by using DC analysis. c) Calculate r e
d) Draw an AC equivalent circuit for the BJT amplifier of Figure 2. e) Determine Z i and Z o . f) Calculate A vmid
g) Calculate f LS , f LC , f LE and determine the low cutoff frequency. h) Sketch the asymptotes of the Bode plot defined by the cutoff frequencies of part (g) on the first semi-log paper. i) Sketch the low-frequency response for the amplifier using the result of part (g)
3. High frequency response: a) Draw an AC equivalent circuit for the BJT amplifier of Figure 2, including the capacitors that affect the high frequency response (switch is OFF) b) Calculate input and output Miller capacitances. c) Calculate f Hi , f Ho and determine the upper cutoff frequency. d) Sketch the asymptotes of the Bode plot defined by the cutoff frequencies of part (c) on the second semi-log paper. e) Sketch the low-frequency response for the amplifier using the result of part (c)
4. Repeat step 2 and 3 but ON the switch at the given circuit of Figure 2.
5. Answer the following questions: a) Determine which capacitor affects on the lower cutoff frequency and the upper cutoff frequency of the amplifier circuit. b) Is there any different result between the amplifier circuit with load resistor and without load resistor? If yes, explain briefly. c) In theory, R L is a load resistor. If in practical, what is a suitable device that similar with R L ? **Submission Deadline (hardcopy) : 27 May 2014, before 2PM ** Total Marks = 50 Marks