Neuroscience and Behavior Chapter Summary

56
Myers
Psychology 6/e
Test Bank I
57
CHAPTER 2
Neuroscence an! Beha"or
#earnng $%&ect"es
1. Explain why psychologists are concerned with human biology.
Neural Co''uncaton ())* +,-5+.
2. Describe the structure of a neuron, and explain how neural impulses are generated.
3. Describe how nerve cells communicate, and discuss the impact of neurotransmitters and drugs on
human behavior.
The Ner"ous /yste' ())* 5+-57.
4. dentify the ma!or divisions of the nervous system and describe their functions, noting the three
types of neurons that transmit information through the system.
". #ontrast the simplicity of the neural pathways involved in reflexes with the complexity of neural
networ$s.
The Bran ())* 5,-,0.
%. dentify and describe several techni&ues for studying the brain.
'. Describe the functions of the brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum, and limbic system.
(. dentify the four lobes of the cerebral cortex, and describe the sensory and motor functions of the
cortex.
). Discuss the importance of the association areas, and describe how damage to several different
cortical areas can impair language functioning.
1*. Discuss the capacity of the brain to reorgani+e following in!ury or illness.
11. Describe research on the split brain, and discuss what it reveals regarding normal brain
functioning.
12. Discuss the relationships among brain organi+ation, right, and left,handedness, and physical
health.
58
The En!ocrne /yste' ())* ,0-,1.
13. Describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous
system.
Intro!ucton2 )* +7
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 12 Ans6 a
1. -hrenology highlighted the potential importance of.
a. specific brain regions.
b. neurotransmitters.
c. hormones.
d. the right brain.
Intro!ucton2 )* +7
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 12 Ans6 !
2. /he person most li$ely to suggest that the shape of a person0s s$ull indicates the extent to which
that individual is argumentative and aggressive would be a.
a. neurologist.
b. behavior geneticist.
c. psychoanalyst.
d. phrenologist.
Intro!ucton2 )* +,
Easy2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 12 Ans6 %
3. Dr. 1eber does research on the potential relationship between sex hormones and emotional
behavior. 1hich psychological specialty does Dr. 1eber0s research best represent2
a. phrenology
b. biological psychology
c. psychoanalysis
d. clinical psychology
Intro!ucton2 )* +,
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 12 Ans6 a
4. 3 biological psychologist would be most interested in the relationship between.
a. body chemistry and sexual behavior.
b. s$ull shape and character traits.
c. reason and emotion.
d. brain si+e and cell structure.
Neurons2 )* +,
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 22 Ans6 c
". Dendrites are branching extensions of.
a. neurotransmitters.
b. endorphins.
c. neurons.
d. glial cells.
e. endocrine glands.
#hapter 2 4euroscience and 5ehavior
57
Neurons2 ))* +,2 50
%. /he function of dendrites is to.
a. receive incoming signals from other neurons.
b. release neurotransmitters into the spatial !unctions between neurons.
c. coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
d. control pain through the release of opiateli$e chemicals into the brain.
Neurons2 )* +,
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 22 Ans6 %
'. /he longest part of a neuron is most li$ely to be the.
a. dendrite.
b. axon.
c. cell body.
d. synapse.
Neurons2 )* +,
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 22 Ans6 !
(. n transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal within a single neuron travels
from the.
a. cell body to the axon to the dendrites.
b. dendrites to the axon to the cell body.
c. axon to the cell body to the dendrites.
d. dendrites to the cell body to the axon.
e. axon to the dendrites to the cell body.
Neurons2 )* +,
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 22 Ans6 %
). /he speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a6n7.
a. association area.
b. myelin sheath.
c. endocrine gland.
d. neural networ$.
e. synaptic vesicle.
Neurons2 )* +,
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 22 Ans6 c
1*. 4eural impulses may travel as rapidly as.
a. sound waves.
b. light waves.
c. 2** miles per hour.
d. electricity through a wire.
Neurons2 )* +7
11. 3 brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the.
a. synapse.
b. threshold.
c. action potential.
d. myelin sheath.
e. refractory period.
60 #hapter 2 4euroscience and
5ehavior
Neurons2 )* +7
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 22 Ans6 a
12. /he depolari+ation of a neural membrane creates a6n7.
a. action potential.
b. myelin sheath.
c. lesion.
d. neural networ$.
e. interneuron.
Neurons2 )* +7
13. 3n action potential is generated by the movement of.
a. glial cells.
b. hormones.
c. neurotransmitters.
d. ions.
Neurons2 )* +7
14. 8esting potential is to action potential as 99999999 is to 99999999.
a. parasympathetic nervous system: sympathetic nervous system
b. sensory neuron: motor neuron
c. association area: neural networ$
d. polari+ation: depolari+ation
e. -E/ scan: ;8
Neurons2 )* +7
455cult2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 22 Ans6 c
1". 1ith regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in
which.
a. chemical messengers traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons.
b. a brief electrical charge travels down an axon.
c. positively charged atoms are pumped bac$ outside a neural membrane.
d. an individual reflexively withdraws from a pain stimulus.
Neurons2 )* 50
1%. /he minimum level of stimulation re&uired to trigger a neural impulse is called the.
a. reflex.
b. threshold.
c. synapse.
d. action potential.
Neurons2 )* 50
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 22 Ans6 !
1'. ncreasing the intensity of a stimulus above the threshold will not similarly increase the intensity
of a neural response to that stimulus. /his highlights the nature of the.
a. synaptic gap.
b. myelin sheath.
c. reward deficiency syndrome.
d. all,or,none response.
e. glial cells.
Neurons2 )* 50
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 22 Ans6 c
61
1(. 3 slap on the bac$ is more painful than a pat on the bac$ because a slap triggers.
a. faster neural impulses.
b. more intense neural impulses.
c. more fre&uent neural impulses.
d. all the above.
Ho8 neurons co''uncate2 )* 50
1). <ir #harles <herrington observed that impulses too$ more time to travel a neural pathway than he
might have anticipated. =is observation provided evidence for the existence of.
a. association areas.
b. glial cells.
c. synaptic gaps.
d. interneurons.
e. neural networ$s.
2*. 3 synapse is a6n7.
a. chemical messenger that triggers muscle contractions.
b. automatic response to sensory input.
c. neural networ$.
d. !unction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron.
e. neural cable containing many axons.
21. /he chemical messengers released into the spatial !unctions between neurons
are called.
a. hormones.
c. synapses.
d. genes.
e. glial cells.
Ho8 neurons co''uncate2 ))* +72 50
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 %
22. 4eurotransmitter is to ion as 99999999 is to 99999999.
a. agonist: antagonist
b. molecule: atom
c. hormone: epinephrine
d. >353: 3#h
23. 4eurotransmitters are released from vesicles located in $nobli$e terminals on the.
a. dendrites.
b. cell body.
c. axon.
d. myelin sheath.
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 a
24. /he reupta$e of a neurotransmitter such as serotonin would involve the reabsorption of serotonin
into a6n7.
5ehavior
a. axon terminal.
b. receiving neuron.
c. myelin sheath.
d. glial cell.
Ho8 neurotrans'tters n5luence us2 )* 51
455cult2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 a
2". <chi+ophrenia is most closely lin$ed with excess activity at receptor sites for the
neurotransmitter.
a. dopamine.
b. epinephrine.
c. acetylcholine.
d. serotonin.
455cult2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 %
2%. 3l+heimer0s disease is most closely lin$ed to the loss of neurons that produce.
a. dopamine.
b. acetylcholine.
c. epinephrine.
d. endorphins.
Ho8 neurotrans'tters n5luence us2 ))* 522 ,1
Easy2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 !
2'. Epinephrine is to hormone as acetylcholine is to.
a. synapse.
b. action potential.
c. endorphin.
d. neurotransmitter.
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 c
2(. /ransferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle re&uires the neurotransmitter $nown
as.
a. dopamine.
b. epinephrine.
c. acetylcholine.
d. insulin.
2). 5otulin poisoning from improperly canned food causes paralysis by bloc$ing the release of.
a. endorphins.
b. epinephrine.
c. acetylcholine.
d. curare.
69
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 a
3*. Endorphins are.
a. neurotransmitters.
b. sex hormones.
c. endocrine glands.
d. morphine antagonists.
31. ?piate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as.
a. acetylcholine.
b. curare.
c. endorphins.
d. dopamine.
e. epinephrine.
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 !
32. @osA has !ust played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. =is lac$
of pain is most li$ely caused by the release of.
a. curare.
b. dopamine.
c. acetylcholine.
d. endorphins.
Ho8 neurotrans'tters n5luence us2 ))* 522 ,0
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 e
33. =ormone is to neurotransmitter as epinephrine is to.
a. glucose.
b. estrogen.
c. steroids.
d. insulin.
e. endorphins.
455cult2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 !
34. /he body0s natural production of endorphins is li$ely to be 99999999 by heroin use and
99999999 by acupuncture.
a. increased: increased
b. decreased: decreased
c. increased: decreased
d. decreased: increased
3". @ason0s painful withdrawal symptoms following heroin use were probably due in part to a
reduction in his body0s normal production of.
a. dopamine.
b. epinephrine.
c. acetylcholine.
d. endorphins.
6+ #hapter 2 4euroscience and
5ehavior
3%. 3 drug that mimics the effect of dopamine is called a6n7.
a. hormone.
b. steroid.
c. agonist.
d. opiate.
Ho8 neurotrans'tters n5luence us2 ))* 522 59
455cult2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 c
3'. #urare is a paraly+ing poison that functions as an.
a. 3#h agonist.
b. >353 agonist.
c. 3#h antagonist.
d. >353 antagonist.
Ho8 neurotrans'tters n5luence us2 )* 5+
455cult2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 92 Ans6 a
3(. Dopamine in!ections have proven ineffective in the treatment of -ar$inson0s disease because
dopamine.
a. fails to pass through the bloodstream into the brain.
b. suppresses the brain0s natural capacity to produce endorphins.
c. bloc$s the capacity of neurons to absorb 3#h.
d. produces uncontrollable muscle spasms.
The ner"ous syste'2 )* 5+
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 !
3). /he two ma!or divisions of the nervous system are the central and the 99999999 nervous
systems.
a. autonomic
b. sympathetic
c. parasympathetic
d. peripheral
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 c
4*. /he central nervous system consists of.
a. sensory and motor neurons.
b. somatic and autonomic subsystems.
c. the brain and the spinal cord.
d. sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
Easy2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 e
41. n order for you to experience the pain of a sprained an$le, 99999999 must first relay messages
from your an$le to your central nervous system.
a. the limbic system
b. interneurons
c. the reticular formation
d. motor neurons
e. sensory neurons
65
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 c
42. <ensory neurons are an important part of the.
a. limbic system.
b. reticular formation.
c. peripheral nervous system.
d. central nervous system.
e. sympathetic nervous system.
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 a
43. /he vast ma!ority of cells in the body0s information,processing system are.
a. interneurons.
b. motor neurons.
c. sensory neurons.
d. neurotransmitters.
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 c
44. nformation is carried from the central nervous system to the tissues by.
a. interneurons.
b. sensory neurons.
c. motor neurons.
d. the limbic system.
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 a
4". ;otor neurons transmit signals to.
a. glands.
b. interneurons.
c. sensory neurons.
d. all the above.
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 %
4%. ;essages are transmitted from your spinal cord to muscles in your hands by the 99999999
nervous system.
a. central
b. peripheral
c. parasympathetic
d. sympathetic
e. autonomic
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 c
4'. /he peripheral nervous system is to sensory neurons as the central nervous system is to.
a. motor neurons.
c. interneurons.
d. the sympathetic nervous system.
5ehavior
The )er)heral ner"ous syste'2 )* 55
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 a
4(. /he somatic nervous system is a component of the 99999999 nervous system.
a. peripheral
b. autonomic
c. central
d. sympathetic
e. parasympathetic
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 !
4). /he part of the peripheral nervous system that controls glandular activity and the muscles of
internal organs is called the.
a. somatic nervous system.
c. limbic system.
d. autonomic nervous system.
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 !
"*. ;essages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your heart muscles by the.
a. limbic system.
b. somatic nervous system.
c. central nervous system.
455cult2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 a
"1. /he parasympathetic nervous system 99999999 digestion and 99999999 heartbeat.
a. accelerates: decelerates
b. decelerates: accelerates
c. accelerates: accelerates
d. decelerates: decelerates
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 %
"2. Bou come home one night to find a burglar in your house. Bour heart starts racing and you begin
to perspire. /hese physical reactions are triggered by the.
b. sympathetic nervous system.
c. parasympathetic nervous system.
d. limbic system.
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 a
"3. 3fter discovering that the shadows outside his window were only the trees in the yard, 8alph0s
blood pressure decreased and his heartbeat slowed. /hese physical reactions were most directly
regulated by his.
a. parasympathetic nervous system.
c. somatic nervous system.
d. sensorimotor nervous system.
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 !
67
"4. =eartbeat acceleration is to heartbeat deceleration as the 99999999 nervous system is to the
99999999 nervous system.
a. somatic: autonomic
b. autonomic: somatic
c. central: peripheral
d. sympathetic: parasympathetic
e. parasympathetic: sympathetic
The central ner"ous syste'2 )* 56
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e +2 Ans6 %
"". /he $nee,!er$ reflex is controlled by interneurons in the.
a. limbic system.
b. spinal cord.
c. brainstem.
d. cerebellum.
"%. n a tragic diving accident, 3ndrew damaged his spinal cord and conse&uently suffered paralysis
of his legs. 3ndrew0s in!ury was located in his.
b. limbic system.
c. sympathetic nervous system.
d. central nervous system.
"'. 3 man paraly+ed below the waist may be genitally unresponsive to erotic images because of
damage to his.
a. sensory neurons.
b. motor neurons.
c. interneurons.
d. endocrine system.
e. limbic system.
"(. /he strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of.
a. interneurons.
b. endorphins.
c. neural networ$s.
d. glial cells.
e. lesions.
6, #hapter 2 4euroscience and
5ehavior
"). 4eural networ$s refer to.
a. the branching extensions of a neuron.
b. functionally interconnected clusters of neurons in the central nervous system.
c. neural cables containing many axons.
d. !unctions between sending and receiving neurons.
e. neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
The tools o5 !sco"ery2 )* 5,
%*. <urgical destruction of brain tissue is called a6n7.
a. split brain.
b. EE>.
c. synapse.
d. lesion.
e. ;8.
The tools o5 !sco"ery2 )* 57
%1. 3n amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the
brain is called a6n7.
a. #/ scan.
b. EE>.
c. -E/ scan.
d. ;8.
%2. EE> is to #/ scan as.
a. amplified recording of brain waves is to x,ray photography.
b. x,ray photography is to amplified recording of brain waves.
c. radioactive emission is to amplified recording of brain waves.
d. amplified recording of brain waves is to radioactive emission.
%3. n order to identify which of Cucy0s brain areas was most active when she tal$ed, neuroscientists
gave her a temporarily radioactive form of glucose and a6n7.
a. #/ scan.
b. -E/ scan.
c. EE>.
d. ;8.
The tools o5 !sco"ery2 ))* 57-60
%4. /he best way to detect enlarged fluid,filled brain regions in some patients who have
schi+ophrenia is to use a6n7.
a. EE>.
b. ;8.
c. -E/ scan.
d. lobotomy.
Bran structures2 ))* 61-6+
67
%". n terms of brain evolution, the se&uence of brain regions from oldest to
newest is.
a. limbic system: brainstem: cerebral cortex.
b. brainstem: cerebral cortex: limbic system.
c. limbic system: cerebral cortex: brainstem.
d. brainstem: limbic system: cerebral cortex.
e. cerebral cortex: brainstem: limbic system.
The %ranste'2 )* 61
%%. /he part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the.
a. cerebellum.
b. medulla.
c. reticular formation.
d. thalamus.
The %ranste'2 )* 61
%'. f your 99999999 is destroyed, the left side of your brain could not control the movements of
your right hand.
a. brainstem
b. amygdala
c. hippocampus
d. angular gyrus
e. corpus callosum
The %ranste'2 )* 61
%(. /he reticular formation is located in the.
a. brainstem.
b. limbic system.
c. somatosensory cortex.
d. motor cortex.
The %ranste'2 )* 61
%). <evering a cat0s reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to.
a. become violently aggressive.
b. cower in fear.
c. experience convulsive sei+ures.
d. lapse into a coma.
e. become sexually preoccupied.
5ehavior
The %ranste'2 )* 61
'*. 1hich region of the brainstem arouses you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions
your name2
a. reticular formation
b. cerebellum
c. hypothalamus
d. amygdala
e. medulla
The thala'us2 )* 62
'1. 1hich brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell2
a. hippocampus
b. amygdala
c. angular gyrus
d. thalamus
The thala'us2 )* 62
'2. 1hich brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex2
a. thalamus
b. amygdala
c. medulla
d. hippocampus
e. cerebellum
The cere%ellu'2 )* 62
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e 72 Ans6 e
'3. 3fter >reg0s serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. >reg is
most li$ely to have difficulty.
a. experiencing intense emotions.
b. reading a boo$.
c. understanding what others are saying.
d. tasting the flavors of foods.
e. playing his guitar.
The l'%c syste'2 )* 62
'4. 1hich component of the limbic system plays an essential role in the formation of new memories2
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. hippocampus
d. amygdala
The l'%c syste'2 ))* 62-69
'". /he brainstem is to arousal as the limbic system is to.
a. emotion.
b. muscular coordination.
c. respiration.
d. language comprehension.
The a'yg!ala2 ))* 62-69
'%. /o demonstrate that brain stimulation can ma$e a rat violently aggressive, -rofessor 5rown
71
should electrically stimulate the rat0s.
a. reticular formation.
b. cerebellum.
c. medulla.
d. amygdala.
The hy)othala'us2 )* 69
''. 3 brain tumor caused extensive damage to ;r. /horndi$e0s hypothalamus. t is most li$ely that
he may suffer a loss of.
a. visual perception.
b. muscular coordination.
c. sexual motivation.
d. language comprehension.
The hy)othala'us2 )* 69
'(. /he brain structure that provides a ma!or lin$ between the nervous system and the hormone
system is the.
a. cerebellum.
b. amygdala.
d. hypothalamus.
e. medulla.
The hy)othala'us2 )* 6+
'). ?lds and ;ilner located Dpleasure centersE in the brain structure $nown as the.
a. sensory cortex.
b. hypothalamus.
c. cerebellum.
d. medulla.
e. amygdala.
The hy)othala'us2 )* 6+
(*. 3ddictive drug cravings are li$ely to be associated with reward centers in the.
a. thalamus.
b. cerebellum.
d. limbic system.
e. angular gyrus.
5ehavior
The cere%ral corte:2 )* 6+
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 e
(1. Bour conscious experience of self,identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your.
a. cerebellum.
b. angular gyrus.
c. hypothalamus.
d. sympathetic nervous system.
e. cerebral cortex.
The cere%ral corte:2 )* 65
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 a
(2. 1hich lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your bac$2
a. parietal
b. temporal
c. occipital
d. frontal
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 c
(3. /he surgical removal of a large tumor from 3llen0s occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of
brain tissue. 3llen is most li$ely to suffer some loss of.
a. muscular coordination.
b. language comprehension.
c. visual perception.
d. spea$ing ability.
e. pain sensations.
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 %
(4. 3uditory stimulation is first processed in the 99999999 lobes.
a. occipital
b. temporal
c. frontal
d. parietal
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 !
(". /he occipital lobes are to 99999999 as the temporal lobes are to 99999999.
a. hearing: sensing movement
b. seeing: sensing touch
c. sensing pleasure: sensing pain
d. seeing: hearing
e. spea$ing: hearing
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 %
(%. /he sense of hearing is to the 99999999 lobes as the sense of touch is to the 99999999 lobes.
a. frontal: occipital
b. temporal: parietal
c. parietal: temporal
d. occipital: frontal
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 c
('. /he motor cortex is located in the 99999999 lobes.
a. occipital
79
b. temporal
c. frontal
d. parietal
455cult2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 c
((. 3 laboratory cat could be made to twitch its whis$ers by direct stimulation of the 99999999 lobes
of its cerebral cortex.
a. temporal
b. occipital
c. frontal
d. parietal
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 !
(). /he sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of.
a. taste.
b. sight.
c. hearing.
d. touch.
e. smell.
Me!u'2 Conce)tual2 $%&ect"e ,2 Ans6 !
)*. f a neurosurgeon directly stimulated parts of your sensory cortex, which of the following would
you most li$ely experience2
a. indistinct odors
b. flashes of light
c. repetitive sounds
d. a sense of being touched
The cere%ral corte:2 )* 6,
Easy2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 72 Ans6 e
)1. /he association areas are located in the.
a. spinal cord.
b. brainstem.
c. thalamus.
d. limbic system.
e. cerebral cortex.
)2. /he most extensive regions of the brain, which enable !udging and planning, are called the.
b. pro!ection areas.
c. sensory areas.
d. temporal lobes.
e. association areas.
)3. 3fter he suffered a stro$e, ;r. <antos0s physical coordination s$ills and responsiveness to
sensory stimulation &uic$ly returned to normal. Fnfortunately, however, he began to experience
unusual difficulty in solving simple problems and carrying out routine chores. t is most li$ely
that ;r. <antos suffered damage to his.
7+ #hapter 2 4euroscience and
5ehavior
a. cerebellum.
b. thalamus.
c. hypothalamus.
d. association areas.
e. autonomic nervous system.
)4. /he process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving ta$es place within the.
a. limbic system.
b. sensory cortex.
d. association areas.
e. sympathetic nervous system.
)". /he ability to recogni+e familiar faces is disturbed by damage to the right 99999999 lobe.
a. frontal
b. parietal
c. occipital
d. temporal
)%. /he part of the left frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is $nown
as.
a. 1ernic$e0s area.
b. 5roca0s area.
c. the amygdala.
d. the angular gyrus.
e. the reticular formation.
)'. 3fter ;iguel0s recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his frontal lobe in 5roca0s
area. t is li$ely that ;iguel will have difficulty.
a. remembering past events.
b. spea$ing fluently.
c. reading.
d. understanding other people when they spea$.
75
)(. 1ernic$e0s area is located in the left 99999999 lobe.
a. parietal
b. occipital
c. temporal
d. frontal
The cere%ral corte:2 ))* 67-70
)). 3fter -aul0s serious snow,s$iing accident, doctors detected damage to his temporal lobe in
1ernic$e0s area. 5ecause of the damage, -aul is most li$ely to experience difficulty in.
a. remembering past events.
b. pronouncing words correctly.
c. understanding what others are saying.
d. recogni+ing familiar faces.
The cere%ral corte:2 ))* 67-70
1**. 3fter a severe automobile accident, Couis lost his ability to read, even though he could see well,
spea$ fluently, and understand whatever others said. t is li$ely that his cortex was damaged in.
a. the angular gyrus.
b. 1ernic$e0s area.
c. the frontal lobe.
d. 5roca0s area.
Bran reorgan;aton2 )* 71
1*1. /he capacity of one brain area to ta$e over the functions of another damaged brain area is $nown
as brain.
a. tomography.
b. phrenology.
c. hemispherectomy.
d. aphasia.
e. plasticity.
1*2. -E/ scans have revealed that the visual cortex is activated when blind people read 5raille. /his
best illustrates.
a. plasticity.
b. aphasia.
c. hemispherectomy.
d. phrenology.
5ehavior
1*3. 4eural regulation of a child0s language functioning is transferred to the right hemisphere if speech
areas in the left hemisphere are damaged. /his best illustrates.
a. aphasia.
b. hemispherectomy.
c. plasticity.
d. tomography.
e. phrenology.
Bran reorgan;aton2 ))* 71-72
1*4. /he benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in.
a. children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed.
b. individuals with 3l+heimer0s disease.
c. adults with aphasia.
d. elderly stro$e patients.
e. people free of any disease or brain damage.
$ur !"!e! %rans2 )* 72
1*". Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most li$ely to reduce a person0s
ability to.
a. solve arithmetic problems.
b. copy drawings.
c. recogni+e faces.
d. recogni+e familiar melodies.
/)lttng the %ran2 )* 72
1*%. /he corpus callosum is a band of neural fibers that.
a. enables the left hemisphere to control the right side of the body.
b. transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres.
c. controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs.
d. directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
/)lttng the %ran2 )* 72
1*'. 4eurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce.
a. aphasia.
b. epileptic sei+ures.
c. depression.
d. neural plasticity.
e. reward deficiency syndrome.
/)lttng the %ran2 ))* 72-79
1*(. f a picture of a comb is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split,brain patient, she should
be able to.
a. use her left hand to draw a picture of the comb.
b. use her right hand to draw a picture of the comb.
c. orally report what she saw.
d. use her right hand to write the word Dcomb.E
/)lttng the %ran2 )* 7+
77
1*). n a recent car accident, /ami$o sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. /his in!ury is
most li$ely to reduce /ami$o0s ability to.
a. facially express emotions.
b. solve arithmetic problems.
c. understand simple verbal re&uests.
d. process information in an orderly se&uence.
/tu!yng he's)herc !55erences n the ntact %ran2 ))* 7+-75
11*. -eople typically recogni+e 99999999 more rapidly and accurately when they are flashed to the
left hemisphere: they typically recogni+e 99999999 more rapidly and accurately when they are
flashed to the right hemisphere.
a. letters: numbers
b. words: numbers
c. numbers: letters
d. words: pictures
/tu!yng he's)herc !55erences n the ntact %ran2 )* 75
111. =earing,impaired people who use sign language typically.
a. demonstrate greater mathematical competence than people without hearing impairments.
b. process language in their left cerebral hemisphere.
c. recogni+e facial expressions of emotion with their left rather than their right cerebral
hemisphere.
d. have a slightly smaller corpus callosum than people without hearing impairments.
Bran organ;aton an! han!e!ness2 )* 75
112. 8esearch on left,handedness suggests that.
a. genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness.
b. a greater proportion of women than men are left,handed.
c. left,handers generally demonstrate less artistic competence than right,handers.
d. most left,handers process language primarily in their right hemisphere.
113. Ceft,handedness is 99999999 than normal among people with reading disabilities and 99999999
than normal among artists.
a. lower: higher
b. lower: lower
c. higher: lower
d. higher: higher
114. #ompared with right,handers, left,handers are 99999999 li$ely to experience headaches and
99999999 li$ely to suffer from asthma.
a. more: less
b. less: more
c. more: more
d. less: less
Bran organ;aton an! han!e!ness2 ))* 76-77
11". =ow have #oren and =alpern explained the progressive decline in the percentage of left,handers
among increasingly older population samples2
7, #hapter 2 4euroscience and
5ehavior
a. Ceft,handers die at younger ages than right,handers.
b. Ceft,handers gradually ma$e increasing use of their right hands as they progress through
adulthood.
c. -arents today are less li$ely to discourage left,handedness in children than were the parents of
previous generations.
d. /here has been a dramatic increase in the percentage of left,handed infants born in each
successive decade of this century.
Thnkng crtcally a%out le5t %ran/rght %ran (Bo:.2 )* 7,
Me!u'2 3actual/4e5ntonal2 $%&ect"e 122 Ans6 e
11%. 8eading a story involves brain activity in the 99999999 cerebral hemisphere6s7. -roducing a
creative artistic drawing involves brain activity in the 99999999 cerebral hemisphere6s7.
a. left: right
b. right: left
c. left: right and left
d. right and left: right
e. right and left: right and left
The en!ocrne syste'2 )* ,0
11'. /he endocrine system consists of.
a. glial cells.
b. neural networ$s.
c. interneurons.
d. glands.
11(. =ormones are the chemical messengers of the.
a. cerebral cortex.
b. autonomic nervous system.
c. endocrine system.
d. limbic system.
e. reticular formation.
The en!ocrne syste'2 ))* ,02 ,1
11). /he ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the.
a. limbic system.
b. endocrine system.
c. sympathetic nervous system.
d. reticular formation.
e. central nervous system.
77
12*. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into.
a. synaptic gaps.
b. the bloodstream.
c. the limbic system.
d. sensory neurons.
e. interneurons.
121. f a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release
99999999 into your bloodstream.
a. endorphins
b. acetylcholine
c. agonists
d. epinephrine
e. insulin
The en!ocrne syste'2 ))* 522 ,1
122. 3cetylcholine is to epinephrine as 99999999 is to 99999999.
a. sympathetic nervous system: parasympathetic nervous system
b. motor neuron: sensory neuron
c. neurotransmitter: hormone
d. agonist: antagonist
e. parasympathetic nervous system: sympathetic nervous system
123. 3t the age of 22, ;rs. Ca5lanc was less than 4 feet tall. =er short stature was probably
influenced by the lac$ of a growth hormone produced by the.
a. pancreas.
b. thyroid.
c. adrenal gland.
d. pituitary gland.
e. hypothalamus.
The 'n! an! %ran as a holstc syste'2 )* ,2
124. 3ccording to 8oger <perry, a recognition that the mind cannot be fully explained by the activity
of nerve cells is important for appreciating our human capacity for.
a. information processing.
b. neural plasticity.
c. moral responsibility.
d. computed tomography.
Essay <uestons
1. /he ancient >ree$ physician =ippocrates believed that four basic body fluids 6blood, blac$ bile,
yellow bile, and phlegm7 influenced human behavior, emotions, and personality. Fse your
understanding of the body0s rapid and slower chemical communication systems to support or
refute =ippocrates0s theory.
2. ?ver the last few wee$s, ;r. Glein has been bothered by nausea, fre&uent fainting spells, and
severe headaches. Describe two ways a physician might see$ to determine whether ;r. Glein0s
,0 #hapter 2 4euroscience and
5ehavior
symptoms result from a brain disorder or in!ury.
3. 3fter a mild stro$e, ;r. ;c>eorge showed some signs of aphasia. 1hat pattern of symptoms
would lead you to believe the damage occurred primarily in. 6a7 5roca0s area, 6b7 1ernic$e0s
area, 6c7 the angular gyrus2
4. 3fter @ordan brilliantly performed a challenging and emotionally vibrant violin concerto, the
orchestra conductor proudly proclaimed that @ordan was obviously a right,brained personality.
1hat type of explanation is the conductor giving for @ordan0s artistic s$ills2 1hat0s wrong with
his statement2 -rovide an alternative reason for @ordan0s talent.
/tu!y =u!e <uestons
Ans6 %2 )* +7
1. 1hich of the following was a ma!or problem with phrenology2
a. t was Dahead of its timeE and no one believed it could be true.
b. /he brain is not neatly organi+ed into structures that correspond to our categories of behavior.
c. /he brains of humans and animals are much less similar than the theory implied.
d. 3ll of the above were problems with phrenology.
Ans6 %2 )* +,
2. /he axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural
transmission. /his tissue is.
a. the glia.
b. the myelin sheath.
c. acetylcholine.
d. an endorphin.
Ans6 !2 )* +,
3. 3 biological psychologist would be more li$ely to study.
a. how you learn to express emotions.
b. how to help people overcome emotional disorders.
c. life,span changes in the expression of emotion.
d. the chemical changes that accompany emotions.
Ans6 !2 )* +,
4. Dr. =ernande+ is studying neurotransmitter abnormalities in depressed patients. <he would most
li$ely describe herself as a.
a. psychiatrist.
b. clinical psychologist.
c. psychoanalyst.
d. biological psychologist.
,1
Ans6 a2 )* +,
". /he myelin sheath that is on some neurons.
a. increases the speed of neural transmission.
b. slows neural transmission.
c. regulates the release of neurotransmitters.
d. does a. and c.
e. does b. and c.
Ans6 c2 )* +7
%. During an action potential, the electrical state of the axon becomes.
a. polari+ed, as positively charged atoms are admitted.
b. polari+ed, as negatively charged atoms are admitted.
c. depolari+ed, as positively charged atoms are admitted.
d. depolari+ed, as negatively charged atoms are admitted.
Ans6 !2 )* +7
'. n a resting state, the axon is.
a. depolari+ed, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside.
b. depolari+ed, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside.
c. polari+ed, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside.
d. polari+ed, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside.
Ans6 e2 ))* +,-50
(. 1hich is the correct se&uence in the transmission of a neural impulse2
a. axon dendrite cell body synapse
b. dendrite axon cell body synapse
c. synapse axon dendrite cell body
d. axon synapse cell body dendrite
e. dendrite cell body axon synapse
Ans6 c2 )* 50
). 3 neuron will generate action potentials more often when it.
a. remains below its threshold.
b. receives an excitatory input.
c. receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs.
d. is stimulated by a neurotransmitter.
e. is stimulated by a hormone.
Ans6 c2 )* 50
1*. 3 strong stimulus can increase the.
a. speed of the impulse the neuron fires.
b. intensity of the impulse the neuron fires.
c. number of times the neuron fires.
d. threshold that must be reached before the neuron fires.
Ans6 %2 )* 51
11. <ince ;alcolm has been ta$ing a drug prescribed by his doctor, he no longer en!oys the little
pleasures of life, such as eating and drin$ing. =is doctor explains that this is because the drug.
a. triggers release of dopamine.
b. inhibits release of dopamine.
c. triggers release of 3#h.
d. inhibits release of 3#h.
Ans6 %2 )* 52
5ehavior
12. /he neurotransmitter acetylcholine 63#h7 is most li$ely to be found.
a. at the !unction between sensory neurons and muscle fibers.
b. at the !unction between motor neurons and muscle fibers.
c. at !unctions between interneurons.
d. in all of the above locations.
Ans6 %2 )* 52
13. ;elissa has !ust completed running a marathon. <he is so elated that she feels little fatigue or
discomfort. =er lac$ of pain is probably the result of the release of.
a. 3#h.
b. endorphins.
c. dopamine.
d. norepinephrine.
e. acetylcholine.
Ans6 a2 ))* 52-59
14. /he pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributable to the fact that.
a. under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of endorphins.
b. under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of all neurotransmitters.
c. during withdrawal the brain0s production of all neurotransmitters is greatly increased.
d. heroin destroys endorphin receptors in the brain.
Ans6 %2 )* 59
1". /he effect of a drug that is an agonist is to.
a. cause the brain to stop producing certain neurotransmitters.
b. mimic a particular neurotransmitter.
c. bloc$ a particular neurotransmitter.
d. disrupt a neuron0s all,or,none firing pattern.
Ans6 a2 )* 5+
1%. -ar$inson0s disease involves.
a. the death of nerve cells that produce a vital neurotransmitter.
b. impaired function in the right hemisphere only.
c. impaired function in the left hemisphere only.
d. excess production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine.
Ans6 %2 )* 55
1'. =eartbeat, digestion, and other self,regulating bodily functions are governed by the.
a. voluntary nervous system.
b. autonomic nervous system.
c. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
d. somatic nervous system.
e. central nervous system.
Ans6 %2 )* 55
1(. Holuntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are directed by the.
a. sympathetic nervous system.
b. somatic nervous system.
,9
Ans6 %2 )* 55
1). Iollowing @ayshree0s near,fatal car accident, her physician noticed that the pupillary reflex of her
eyes was abnormal. /his may indicate that @ayshree0s 99999999 was damaged in the accident.
a. occipital cortex
b. autonomic nervous system
c. left temporal lobe
d. cerebellum
e. brainstem
Ans6 %2 )* 55
2*. Bour brother has been ta$ing prescription medicine and experiencing a number of unpleasant side
effects, including unusually rapid heartbeat and excessive perspiration. t is li$ely that the
medicine is exaggerating activity in the.
d. amygdala.
Ans6 c2 )* 56
21. 1hich is the correct se&uence in the transmission of a simple reflex2
a. sensory neuron interneuron sensory neuron
b. interneuron motor neuron sensory neuron
c. sensory neuron interneuron motor neuron
d. interneuron sensory neuron motor neuron
Ans6 a2 )* 56
22. 1hen <andy scalded her toe in a tub of hot water, the pain message was carried to her spinal
cord by the 99999999 nervous system.
a. somatic
b. sympathetic
c. parasympathetic
d. central
Ans6 c2 )* 56
23. 1hich of the following are governed by the simplest neural pathways2
a. emotions
b. physiological drives, such as hunger
c. reflexes
d. movements, such as wal$ing
e. balance
Ans6 a2 )* 56
24. Bou are able to pull your hand &uic$ly away from hot water before pain is felt because.
a. movement of the hand is a reflex that involves intervention of the spinal cord only.
b. movement of the hand does not re&uire intervention by the central nervous system.
c. the brain reacts &uic$ly to prevent severe in!ury.
d. the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system intervenes to speed contraction of the
muscles of the hand.
,+ #hapter 2 4euroscience and
5ehavior
Ans6 %2 )* 57
2". n the brain, learning occurs as experience strengthens certain connections in cell wor$ groups
called.
a. action potentials.
b. neural networ$s.
c. endocrine systems.
d. dendrites.
e. synaptic gaps.
Ans6 a2 )* 57
2%. /he brain research techni&ue that involves monitoring the brain0s usage of glucose is called 6in
abbreviated form7 the.
a. -E/ scan.
b. #/ scan.
c. EE>.
d. ;8.
Ans6 !2 )* 57
2'. /he techni&ue that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of
structures within the brain is called.
a. the EE>.
b. a #/ scan.
c. a -E/ scan.
d. ;8.
Ans6 a2 )* 57
2(. 1hich of the following is not a correct description of a brain research techni&ue2
a. using a -E/ scan to examine the brain0s structure
b. using the EE> to record the brain0s electrical activity
c. using ;8 to examine the brain0s structure
d. using a #/ scan to examine the brain0s structure
Ans6 c2 )* 60
2). n primitive vertebrate animals, the brain primarily regulates 99999999: in lower mammals, the
brain enables 99999999.
a. emotion: memory
b. memory: emotion
c. survival functions: emotion
d. reproduction: emotion
e. reproduction: memory
Ans6 c2 )* 61
3*. Iollowing a head in!ury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awa$e. ;ost li$ely, the damage
occurred to the.
a. thalamus.
b. corpus callosum.
d. cerebellum.
,5
Ans6 a2 )* 61
31. ;oru++i and ;agoun caused a cat to lapse into a coma by severing neural connections between
the cortex and the.
b. hypothalamus.
c. thalamus.
d. cerebellum.
e. medulla.
Ans6 c2 )* 61
32. /he part of the human brain that is most li$e that of a fish is the.
a. cortex.
b. limbic system.
c. brainstem.
d. right hemisphere.
e. corpus callosum.
Ans6 !2 )* 62
33. @essica experienced difficulty $eeping her balance after receiving a blow to the bac$ of her head.
t is li$ely that she in!ured her.
a. medulla.
b. thalamus.
c. hypothalamus.
d. cerebellum.
e. cerebrum.
Ans6 a2 )* 62
34. /hough there is no single Dcontrol centerE for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to
the brain region $nown as the.
a. limbic system.
c. brainstem.
d. cerebral cortex.
Ans6 %2 )* 62
3". 3 scientist from another planet wishes to study the simplest brain mechanisms underlying emotion
and memory. Bou recommend that the scientist study the.
a. brainstem of a frog.
b. limbic system of a dog.
c. cortex of a mon$ey.
d. cortex of a human.
e. brainstem of a dog.
Ans6 !2 )* 62
3%. Dr. Iran$enstein made a mista$e during neurosurgery on his monster. 3fter the operation, the
monster DsawE with his ears and DheardE with his eyes. t is li$ely that Dr. Iran$enstein
DrewiredE neural connections in the monster0s.
a. hypothalamus.
b. cerebellum.
c. amygdala.
d. thalamus.
e. hippocampus.
Ans6 c2 )* 6+
3'. f Dr. 8ogers wishes to conduct an experiment on the effects of stimulating the reward centers of
5ehavior
a rat0s brain, he should insert an electrode into the.
a. thalamus.
b. sensory cortex.
c. hypothalamus.
d. corpus callosum.
Ans6 !2 )* 65
3(. 5eginning at the front of the brain and wor$ing bac$ward then down and around, which of the
following is the correct order of the cortical regions2
a. occipital lobe: temporal lobe: parietal lobe: frontal lobe
b. temporal lobe: frontal lobe: parietal lobe: occipital lobe
c. frontal lobe: occipital lobe: temporal lobe: parietal lobe
d. frontal lobe: parietal lobe: occipital lobe: temporal lobe
e. occipital lobe: parietal lobe: temporal lobe: frontal lobe
Ans6 a2 )* 65
3). /he visual cortex is located in the.
a. occipital lobe.
b. temporal lobe.
c. frontal lobe.
d. parietal lobe.
Ans6 a2 )* 66
4*. 8accoons have much more precise control of their paws than dogs. Bou would expect that
raccoons have more cortical space dedicated to Dpaw controlE in the 99999999of their brains.
a. frontal lobes
b. parietal lobes
c. temporal lobes
d. occipital lobes
Ans6 %2 )* 67
41. 8esearch has found that the amount of representation in the motor cortex reflects the.
a. si+e of the body parts.
b. degree of precise control re&uired by each of the parts.
c. sensitivity of the body region.
d. area of the occipital lobe being stimulated by the environment.
Ans6 !2 )* 67
42. n order to pinpoint the location of a tumor, a neurosurgeon electrically stimulated parts of the
patient0s sensory cortex. f the patient was conscious during the procedure, which of the following
was probably experienced2
a. DhearingE faint sounds
b. DseeingE random visual patterns
c. movement of the arms or legs
d. a sense of having the s$in touched
,7
Ans6 !2 )* 6,
43. 3s the brain evolved, the increasing complexity of animals0 behavior was accompanied by a6n7.
a. increase in the si+e of the brainstem.
b. decrease in the ratio of brain to body weight.
c. increase in the si+e of the frontal lobes.
d. increase in the amount of association area.
Ans6 %2 )* 6,
44. #ortical areas that are not primarily concerned with sensory, motor, or language functions are.
a. called pro!ection areas.
b. called association areas.
c. located mostly in the parietal lobe.
d. located mostly in the temporal lobe.
Ans6 !2 )* 67
4". Iollowing a gunshot wound to his head, @ac$ became more uninhibited, irritable, and profane. t
is li$ely that his personality change was the result of in!ury to his.
a. parietal lobe.
b. temporal lobe.
c. occipital lobe.
d. frontal lobe.
e. endocrine system.
Ans6 c2 )* 67
4%. Damage to 99999999 will usually cause a person to lose the ability to comprehend language.
a. the angular gyrus
b. 5roca0s area
c. 1ernic$e0s area
d. frontal lobe association areas
Ans6 c2 )* 71
4'. /hree,year,old ;arco suffered damage to the speech area of the brain0s left hemisphere when he
fell from a swing. 8esearch suggests that.
a. he will never spea$ again.
b. his motor abilities will improve so that he can easily use sign language.
c. his right hemisphere will ta$e over much of the language function.
d. his earlier experience with speech will enable him to continue spea$ing.
Ans6 c2 )* 72
4(. /he nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres and
that have been severed in split,brain patients form a structure called the.
b. association areas.
c. corpus callosum.
d. parietal lobes.
e. limbic system.
,, #hapter 2 4euroscience and
5ehavior
Ans6 a2 )* 79
4). 3 split,brain patient has a picture of a $nife flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a for$ to
her right hemisphere. <he will be able to.
a. identify the for$ using her left hand.
b. identify a $nife using her left hand.
c. identify a $nife using either hand.
d. identify a for$ using either hand.
Ans6 a2 )* 79
"*. Dr. @ohnson briefly flashed a picture of a $ey in the right visual field of a split,brain patient. /he
patient could probably.
a. verbally report that a $ey was seen.
b. write the word key using the left hand.
c. draw a picture of a $ey using the left hand.
d. do none of the above.
Ans6 !2 )* 7+
"1. 1hich of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere2
a. language
b. learned voluntary movements
c. arithmetic reasoning
d. perceptual tas$s
Ans6 %2 )* 7+
"2. 3nton is applying for a technician0s !ob with a neurosurgeon. n trying to impress his potential
employer with his $nowledge of the brain, he says, D3fter my father0s stro$e $new immediately
that the blood clot had affected his left cerebral hemisphere because he no longer recogni+ed a
picture of his friend.E <hould 3nton be hired2
a. Bes. 3nton obviously understands brain structure and function.
b. 4o. /he right hemisphere, not the left, speciali+es in picture recognition.
c. Bes. 3lthough blood clots never form in the left hemisphere, 3nton should be rewarded for
recogni+ing the left hemisphere0s role in picture recognition.
d. 4o. 5lood clots never form in the left hemisphere, and the right hemisphere is more involved
than the left in recogni+ing pictures.
Ans6 %2 ))* 7+-75
"3. 1hich of the following is typically controlled by the left hemisphere2
a. spatial reasoning
b. arithmetic reasoning
c. the left side of the body
d. perceptual s$ills
Ans6 a2 )* 75
"4. 1hich of the following is not true regarding brain organi+ation and handedness2
a. f a person has a left,handed identical twin, odds are that he or she will also be left,handed.
b. 8ight,handedness is far more common than left,handedness throughout the world.
c. ?n average, right,handers live longer than left,handers.
d. Ceft,handers are more common than usual among people with reading disabilities.
e. 1ith age, the percentage of left,handers declines dramatically.
,7
Ans6 !2 )* 75
"". 5ased on research, which of the following seems true about the speciali+ed functions of the right
and left hemispheres2
a. /hey are more clear,cut in men than in women.
b. /hey are more clear,cut in women than in men.
c. ;ost complex tas$s emerge from the activity of one or the other hemisphere.
d. ;ost complex activities emerge from the integrated activity of both hemispheres.
Ans6 c2 )* ,0
"%. #hemical messengers produced by endocrine glands are called.
a. agonists.
c. hormones.
d. en+ymes.
Ans6 a2 )* ,0
"'. am a relatively slow,acting 6but long,lasting7 chemical messenger carried throughout the body
by the bloodstream. 1hat am 2
a. a hormone
b. a neurotransmitter
c. acetylcholine
d. dopamine
Ans6 !2 )* ,1
"(. /he gland that regulates body growth is the.
a. adrenal.
b. thyroid.
c. hypothalamus.
d. pituitary.
e. hyperthyroid.
Ans6 !2 )* ,1
"). Epinephrine and norepinephrine are 99999999 that are released by the 99999999 gland.
a. neurotransmitters: pituitary
b. hormones: pituitary
c. neurotransmitters: adrenal
d. hormones: adrenal
e. hormones: thyroid
Ans6 a2 )* ,1
%*. 3 bodybuilder friend suddenly seems to have grown several inches in height. Bou suspect that
your friend0s growth spurt has occurred because he has been using drugs that affect the.
a. pituitary gland.
b. thalamus.
c. adrenal glands.
d. medulla.
e. cerebellum.

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