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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - STONE CLADDINGS, PRE-CAST

TERRAZZO AND CERAMIC WALL TILING

10.1. GENERAL
These Technical Specifications contain the technical data for the execution of natural
and artificial stone claddings and pre-cast terrazzo floor tiling works, as well as terrazzo and
ceramic wall tiling.


10.2. REFERENCE STANDARDS AND NORMATIVES.
STAS 233 80 Wall tiles for interior walls
STAS 9110 78 Cut natural stones for constructions; Quality control rules


10.3 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT USED, QUALITY CONTROL, DELIVERY,
STORAGE, HANDLING.
The main materials used for stone and terrazzo claddings and floor coverings, as well
as wall tiling are:
enamelled ceramic wall tiles (matt), including special ornamental frieze tiles;
enamelled ceramic wall tiles (acid-resistant for laboratories);
glazed ceramic wall tiles (faiences);
natural stone, artificial stone and terrazzo tiles;
adhesives or mortar ;
nized and stainless steel anchors for stone cladding;
spacers;
lute for joints;

All materials must have a quality certificate, a conformity declaration and minutes for
acceptance on site.
The materials shall be stored in dry and closed rooms, protected against bad weather
conditions, the adhesives shall be stored in rooms with low air humidity.
Generally the tiles are delivered in cardboard boxes (or wood), that must carefully be
handled in order to avoid their breaking.


10.4. WORK EXECUTION, MOUNTING, INSTALLING, ASSEMBLING
The tiling works shall be carried out only after installation of all piping systems.
During cold weather periods it may be necessary that before and after tiling the works
are covered.
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Window frames and door linings are mounted only after the tiling works, so that the
sills and linings cover the joint between frame and tiled wall.
The tiles are applied only on dry surfaces, prepared before with a maximum plane
deviation of 3mm/m in vertical surfaces and 2mm/m in horizontal surfaces, any deviations
shall not be more than 2mm/m.
Wall tiles are applied on plaster, the primer is applied on the back of each tile,
according to the tile pegging made with a levelling board on horizontal and vertical surfaces,
and with a bubble level.
As soon as 3 to 4 tile rows are mounted, the wall plane shall be checked. 5 to 6 hours
after mounting, the tiles shall be cleaned using a wet cloth.
Jointing on tiles shall be carried out 6 to 8 hours after its application using joint lute, a
sponge and a plastic spatula. One hour after jointing, the tiles shall be cleaned with a wet
cloth.
Stone cladding of a thickness of more than 12mm on walls shall alternatively be fixed
with galvanised or stainless steel anchors.


10.5. QUALITY CONTROL, ADMISSIBLE DEVIATIONS.
10.5.1. Verification Before Commencement of Works
The existence of the technical execution procedures for tiling works in the
Contractor documentation;
The existence of the taking-over minutes for the support layer;
Finishing of the works for tiling works protection (covering, ceilings) or their ulterior
execution could cause their deterioration (installation pipes);
The existence of the quality certificates for the materials;
The existence of the technical approvals for new procedures and products;
ality of the used material through visual examination;

10.5.2. Verification During Work Execution
Meeting of the technical execution procedures;
Meeting of the mounting details (patterns, jointing widths and colours etc.);
Using the mortar or adhesive type specified in the project;
Respect of evenness and verticality of the tiling when being executed;
Providing an adequate adherence between tiles and support layer;
Sample-taking to determine the quality of used mortar by testing;
Thickness and number of rows, at least one check every 100m2;
Joint uniformity and continuity;

10.5.3. Verification After Completion of Works
The existence of the quality taking-over for tiling works. Note: Tiling and cladding
works remain always visible and their quality regarding the aspect may be checked at any
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time after completion, even at completion of the entire object. Therefore it is not necessary
to issue minutes of acceptance of the works directly after completion of the works.
The same checking as during the works execution shall be done, but with a frequency
of 1/5, i.e. 1m
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every 5m
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;
The quality of the entire work is visually checked, in order to find any imperfections
that do not comply with the admissible deviations;

10.5.4. Admissible Deviations
Exterior cladding and tiling
a) Natural stone cladding
Maximum relative unevenness of stone cladding or flooring with smoothed or polished
surfaces:
made of volcanic rock: 0.5mm in the horizontal and 1mm in the vertical line;
made of marble and calcareous stone: 1mm but not more than at 2 places per
1m2.

Joint deviation of smoothed or polished surfaces from the vertical and horizontal line:
made of volcanic rock: in vertical direction no deviation is allowed, and in
horizontal direction a maximum of 1mm/piece.
made of marble and calcareous stone: 0.05 % from the total length of the joint and
maximum 1.5mm.

Cracks at edges at smoothed or polished surfaces:
made of volcanic rock: maximum 2 cracks per 1m2 and a depth of maximum
0.5mm.
made of marble and calcareous stone: maximum 3 cracks per 1m2 and a depth
of maximum 0.5mm.

b) Enamelled and glazed ceramic tiles
Plane deviation of small tiles (2x2cm, 2.5x2.5cm, 4x4cm, 5x5cm) glued on paper
(deviation between levelling board and tiled surface): 2mm.
tion from the vertical line of small tiles, glued on paper (deviation between
levelling board and tiled surface): 2mm.
Joint deviation between tiles: 0.5mm/tile.
Cracks at tile edges: maximum 2 cracks at 1m2 with a depth of maximum
0.2mm.

c) Slip or face brick cladding, ceramic split tiles etc.
Plane deviation: 2mm.
Deviation from the vertical line: not allowed.
Deviation of the horizontal joints between the slip bricks: 1mm/brick.
Sections with joints unfilled with mortar: not allowed.
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Interior tiling
a) Wall tiling and stone cladding
Deviation from plane and vertical line of the tile surface: 2mm
Joint deviation between tiles: 1mm/tile.
Cracks or glazing absence at tile edges: maximum 1 default/tile every 4m2
allowed.
Cracks on tile surface: are not allowed.
Stains on tile surface: are not allowed.
Joint width between tiles: perfectly uniform.