1.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AERO FIN OF AEROSPACE

VEHICLE
ABSTRACT
The fin is a main lifting surface of the Aerospace vehicle. It is used to ensure the stability
when it is subjected to aerodynamic forces. A general shell element is used to model the fin
structure. The static & dynamic analysis is performed to estimate deflections, stresses & natural
frequencies.
In this approach, three cases such as 8, ! & "mm root thic#ness has been considered
for analysis & the stresses & deformations in each case is obtained.
$here the steel pin is in contact to the Al panel, on their high%hardened steel stiffness are
embedded to avoid the failure of the component due to crossing the von%mises stresses with the
&T'. The von%mises stresses are tabulated for all the cases & safe design is obtained based on
the least stress observed. The stresses are high at bottom contact of left loc#ing pin (top portion
of panel ") & the ne*t ma*imum is observed at root.
". MODELING AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF
MOTORCYCLE ENGINE BLOCK
ABSTRACT
The cylinder bloc# forms the basic framewor# of the engine, it houses the engine
cylinders, which serve as bearings and guides for the pistons reciprocating in them. The analysis
of the engine bloc# is to be carried out to predict its behavior under static and dynamic loading.
The cylinder bloc# has to withstand the stresses and deformations due to loads acting on it. The
solid model of the bloc# is generated in +ATIA ,- ./.The nth model is imported to
0123.43'0 ! through I53' format. The quality mesh is prepared in 0123.43'0 for
converged solution and the solver set as A6'1' in which loads and boundary conditions are
applied for analysis. The static analysis is performed to predict the deformations and stresses.
The modal analysis using lanc7o8s algorithm to predict the first five natural frequencies and
corresponding mode shapes.
9. DESIGN AND STRESS ANALYSIS OF DISC WHEEL USING FEA
ABSTRACT
The wheel is an integral part of any automobile. :esign of wheel under various loads is
to be studied for practical application to ensure safety and smooth running. 0ere, wheel is
subjected to brea# loads and mechanical loads due to weight of the vehicle. In cars, :isc bra#es
and :rum bra#es are generally used on front wheels and rear wheels respectively. :ue to
application of bra#es large amount of heat is generated which is distributed across the wheel
section.
The objective of the present wor# is to analy7e the stresses induced in the given wheel
design due to bra#ing loads and structural loads .;or this wor#, <inear thermal analysis with
temperature dependent material properties and <inear static analysis has been performed using
finite element software such as A6'1'.
The heat transfer analysis has been performed on wheel by considering full geometry of
the wheel model and a refined mesh is generated with 8%noded quadrilateral iso parametric
thermal ": solid element. The heat generated by the bra#ing is applied as loading and
convective heat transfer has been applied as loading and convective heat transfer has been given
as e*ternal boundary condition.
The temperature plots at various regions are reported. The stress analysis is carried out by
switching thermal analysis to structural analysis and ,on%mises stresses are plotted.
=;urther, the analysis is also e*tended to static loading on the wheel. In this, 9: model is
generated and this full model is meshed with a 9: solid element, the deflections and stresses are
plotted. In static analysis we are considering the loads due to weight of the vehicle, side thrust
and pressure due to application of bra#es. ;inally the stability of the wheel is discussed with the
plotted results.
4. STRESS AND ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFTS SUBJECT TO
DYNAMIC LOADING
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this project was to investigate weight and cost reduction
opportunities for a forged steel cran#shaft. The need of load history in the ;34 analysis
necessitates performing a detailed dynamic load analysis. Therefore, this study consists of
dynamic load analysis and stress analysis
In this project a dynamic simulation was conducted on cran#shafts cast iron from
similar single cylinder four stro#e engines. ;inite element analysis was performed to obtain
the variation of stress magnitude at critical locations. The pressure%volume diagram was
used to calculate the load boundary condition in dynamic simulation model, and other
simulation inputs were ta#en from the engine specification chart.
The analysis was done for different engine speeds and as a result, critical engine speed
and critical region on the cran#shafts were obtained. 'tress variation over the engine cycle
and the effect of torsional load in the analysis were investigated.
5. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A GAS TURBINE ROTOR
BLADE
ABSTRACT
In the present wor# the first stage rotor blade of a two%stage gas turbine has been
analy7ed for structural, thermal using A6'1' , which is a powerful ;inite 3lement
'oftware. In the process of getting the thermal stresses, the temperature distribution in the
rotor blade has been evaluated using this software.
The design features of the turbine segment of the gas turbine have been ta#en from
the preliminary design of a power turbine for ma*imi7ation of an e*isting turbojet engine. It
was observed that in the above design, the rotor blades after being designed were analy7ed
only for the mechanical stresses but no evaluation of thermal stress was carried out. As the
temperature has a significant effect on the overall stress on the rotor blades, it has been felt
that a detail study can be carried out on the temperature effects to have a clear understanding
of the combined mechanical and thermal stresses.
In the present wor#, the first stage rotor blade of the gas turbine has been analy7ed using
A6'1' for the mechanical and radial elongations resulting from the tangential, a*ial and
centrifugal forces. The gas forces namely tangential, a*ial were determined by constructing
velocity triangles at inlet and e*ist of rotor blades. The rotor blade was then analy7ed using
A6'1' for the temperature distribution. ;or obtaining temperature distribution, the
convective heat transfer coefficients on the blade surface e*posed to the gas have to feed to the
software. The convective heat transfer coefficients were calculated using the heat transfer
empirical relations ta#en from the heat transfer design dada boo#. After containing the
temperature distribution, the rotor blade was then analy7ed using A6'1' for the combined
mechanical and thermal stresses. The radial elongations in the blade were also evaluated.
In this project we have done turbine blade analysis by using Aluminium and
'ilicon carbide. This materials structural and thermal properties at gas room and room
temperatures were ta#en from the design data boo#s that were available in the library of
>03<(. & :), 0yderabad.
The turbine blade along with the groove is considered for the static, thermal, modal
analysis. The blade is modeled with the 9:%'olid >ric# element. The geometric model of the
blade profile is generated with splines and e*truded to get a solid model.
The first stage rotor blade of a two%stage gas turbine has been analy7ed for structural,
thermal using A6'1' .! ;inite 3lement Analysis software. The thermal boundary conditions
such as convection and operating temperatures on the rotor blade are applied on theoretical
modeling. Analytical approach is used to estimate the tangential, radial and centrifugal forces.
6. MODELING AND STATIC ANALYSIS OF OPEN TOWER
USING FEA
A>'T.A+T
?pen towers are one among the different types of towers used for the purpose of signal
transmission. They are telescopic in nature and are designed in a special manner, which ma#es
the whole structure portable by converting in to a single unit. It consists of main pipe and four
supporting members. In order to reduce the weight of the structure it is fabricated with fiber
reinforced plastics (;.2). The main pipe is a combination of several sections, which slide into
the main member with the help of rollers to form a single unit. The four supporting members can
be made integral with the main pipe with the help of a movable flange which slides on the main
member.
;inite element modeling of the tower is created in 0123. 43'0 !. The analysis is
carried out in A6'1' . The boundary conditions considered here are wind pressure and top
plate weight. The wind pressure is calculated considering velocity of the wind as /! #mph based
on geographical and geothermal factors. This wind pressure is applied as a hori7ontal force and a
moment force at the top of the pipe. The tower analysis is carried out with shell and bric#
elements. 4esh is created with shell // and solid /-. .od elements are used wherever the direct
contact between the surfaces is not there. The ma*imum displacement occurred at the top and the
ma*imum stress induced in between the layers are calculated and observed that they are in
allowable limits. >y this analysis the design of tower is safe based on rigidity criteria and
strength criteria.
7. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BALL ROLL MILL USING FEM
A>'T.A+T
The raw mill separator unit is an integral part of modern cement manufacturing
industries. The unit consists of main and au*iliary fan assemblies along with many other
accessories. The purpose of the raw mill separator is to create suction pressure and provide the
means to separate the fine cement particles from coarse cement particles. The fine particles are
collected separately while the coarse particles are again sent bac# to crushing units and the cycle
goes on. The cement comprises of two main erodent in form of alumina and silica which causes
wear loss of fan blade in raw mill separator unit. 'ince this wear loss is non uniform in nature, it
causes the development of eccentricity in the rotating fan assemblies of separator. This rotating
unbalance causes the whole structure to vibrate. The foundation and other installed units this raw
mill separator unit get thus vibrating.
Therefore it becomes important to analy7e the vibration characteristics of separator unit
for different cases of unbalance and to find out suitable means to minimi7e the vibration. In this
report, the computer aided solid model generation of the separator fan assemblies has been done
based on the drawings. The modal analysis of the fan assembly attached with housing and
supporting frame has been done using finite element analysis software. To see the effect of
unbalance on supporting structure one simplified approach has been used and vibration response
for unbalanced rotation has been analy7ed. The root cause of unbalance in separator fan
assembly is non uniform wear loss of fan blade material. To control this erosive wear loss from
fan blade, one e*periment has been performed to compare the wear loss from mild steel substrate
plate coated with suitable hard material. 5ood wear resistance result has been found for coated
material which can be used for fan blade to control the quic# wear loss.
8 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A HEAT EXCHANGER
ABSTRACT
The characteristics of heat e*changer design are the procedure of specifying a design,
heat transfer area and pressure drops and chec#ing whether the assumed design satisfies all
requirements or not. The purpose of this thesis wor# is how to design the oil cooler (heat
e*changer) especially for shell%and%tube heat e*changer which is the majority type of liquid%to%
liquid heat e*changer. 5eneral design considerations and design procedure are also illustrated in
this thesis. In design calculation, the 0T.I code and Ansys software are used. 0eat transfer
concepts and comple* relationships involved in such e*changer are also presented. The primary
aim of this design is to obtain a high heat transfer rate without e*ceeding the allowable pressure
drop. This 0T.I code and computer pac#age is highly useful to design the heat e*changer and to
compare the design. $ithin the project wor# , the thermal and pressure drop calculations are
done by using the empirical formula, as per T34A and verified with 0T.I software pac#age
(&'A).
The pressure drop values on shell side and tube side at the same time, overall heat
transfer coefficient values are found out and observed that they are with a variation of !."/@,
.A@ and .B8@ respectively and matching with the 0T.I software. ;rom the theoretical
modeling, the convection heat transfer coefficients along with the bul# temperature are found out
and imposed as boundary conditions to predict the temperature distribution in heat transfer
analysis in both the shell and tube.
9. FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF FRP COMPOSITES
SUBJECTED TO STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADING
ABSTRACT
Analytical solution e*ists for relatively simple cases. :ue to complicated boundary
conditions associated with the governing equations analytical approaches are used. ?ver the last
decade or so finite element method has been firmly established as a standard procedure for the
solution of practical fracture problems.
The usefulness of stress intensity factors ('I;8s) in the analysis of the problems of
residual strength, fracture and fatigue crac# growth rate has resulted in effort being e*panded on
the determination of 'I;.A number of techniques have been suggested for the validation of 'I;
from the finite element results but adequate representation of crac# tip singularity remains a
common problem to most of these method.
The objective of the present wor# is to investigate the 'tress Intensity ;actor ('I;) for
benchmar# problems for static and dynamic loading in composite plates having center, edge.
;urther the analysis is e*tended to +T specimen, plate with 9%point bend, v%notch and double
edge notch.
In the static analysis 'I;8s is to be found for an isotropic material using singular and j%
integral approach. ;or the orthotropic material 'I; is to be found out for the above specimens
with +arbon &:C3po*y, . 5lass roving &:Cepo*y, '" glass fabricCepo*y material properties.
The Transient :ynamic analysis on the above specimens is to be carried out.
1. MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF STEERING LEVER LINK
OF A TRACTOR
ABSTRACT
The steering lever lin# is an integral part of a tractor steering system, it facilitates the
conversion of rotary motion given at the wheel to angular motion at the road, it is mounted on
the rigid beam a*le connected to one of the wheels of the tractor. It is held in its position by
means of #ingpin which helps it function li#e pivot.
4odeling and analysis of the steering lever lin# is carried out. 4odeling is done by using
+ATIA v- ./. The lin# is analy7ed both as a solid by using A6'1'. The stress values
thus obtained are compared with the theoretical values and the relative value of the component is
found out.
The lin# is analy7ed for both its strength as well as rigidity. The concentration of stresses
at critical sections is also found out. A comment on the overall safety of the steering lever lin# is
made.
11. STATIC AND MODAL ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING
USING FEA
A>'T.A+T
The objective of this present wor# is to estimate the deflection, stress and mode
frequency induced in the leaf spring of an army jeep design by the ordinance factory. The
emphasis in this project is on the application of computer aided analysis using finite element
concept.
The component chosen for analysis is a leaf spring which is an automotive component
used to absorb vibrations induced during the motion of vehicle. It also acts as a structure to
support vertical loading due to the weight of the vehicle and payload. &nder operating
conditions, the behavior of the leaf spring is complicated due to its clamping effects and interleaf
contactD hence its analysis is essential to predict the displacement, mode frequency and stresses.
The leaf spring, which we are analy7ing, is a specially designed leaf spring used in
military jeeps. This spring is intended to bare heavy jer#s and vibrations reduced during military
operations. A model of such jeep has been shown in this project report.
In analysis part the finite element of leaf spring is created using solid tetrahedron
elements, appropriate boundary conditions are applied, material properties are given and loads
are applied as per its design, the resultant deformation, mode frequencies and stresses obtained
are reported and discussed.
12. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSITION NO!!LE
ABSTRACT
6o77les have significant role in the turbines, heat e*changers, air coolers to control
the flow of fluid and to spry the fluid in fine droplets with high velocity. 6o77le converts the
pressure energy of the fluid in to the #inetic energy. The high pressure fluid is supplied to the
no77le inlet section as it flows across the no77le it e*pands and its pressure decreases with
increase in velocity of fluid. To obtain the specified velocity of the fluid at the e*it of the no77le
to suit the application the fluid has to be supplied at the inlet at predetermined high pressure. In
the process of e*pansion of fluid no77le subjected to varying pressure and velocity of fluid. :ue
to this stresses are induced in the no77le. 'o the no77le is to be designed such that the induced
stresses should be in the allowable limits of the material used. ;or this the no77le is analy7ed
under various operating conditions to obtain safer no77le design. In the present wor# an attempt
is made to analysis of the no77le of various cross sections and types using finite element
analysis. The no77les are modeled in +ATIA imparted 0123. 43'0 for quality mesh then
analysis is performed in A6'1'.
>ased on the flow condition using A'43 pressure vessel codes the corresponding
forces and moments are imposed as load conditions. The analysis is performed for the
deformation and stresses.
13. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PISTON
ABSTRACT
This project mainly deals with the design, analysis and manufacture of piston. 2iston is a
component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic
cylinders among other similar mechanisms. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from
e*panding gas in the cylinder to the cran#shaft via a piston rod andCor connecting rod. 0ere the
piston is designed, analy7ed and the manufacturing process has been studied.
2iston temperature has considerable influence on efficiency, emission, performance of the
'I engine. 2urpose of the investigation is measurement of piston transient temperature at several
points on the piston, from cold start to steady condition and comparison with the results of finite
element analysis.
In this project the piston is modeled and assembled with the help of +ATIA software and
the component is meshed and analysis is done in A6'1' software and the thermal and static
behavior is studied and the results are tabulated. The various stresses acting on the piston under
various loading conditions has been studied.
+oupled field analysis (i.e) structural E thermal is done on the piston to verify the
strength. The analysis is done using two different materials Aluminum, +arbon and 'teel.
+omparison is done for the three materials to verify the better material for our designed piston.
In the preset thesis wor# has been ta#en up on the following aspects to cover the research gaps
and to present the results based on the systematic studies F
) Temperature distribution and heat flow through the piston of an engine.
") ;3A analysis of the piston to measure temperature at the points where it is not possible to
find out practically and to observe the heat flow inside the piston.
14. DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH SPEED
HELICAL GEAR USING ANSYS
ABSTRACT
4arine engines are among heavy%duty machineries, which need to be ta#en care of in the best
way during prototype development stages. These engines are operated at very high speeds which
induce large stresses and deflections in the gears as well as in other rotating components. ;or the
safe functioning of the engine, these stresses and deflections have to be minimi7ed.
In this project, static%structural analysis on a high speed helical gear used in marine engines,
have been performed. The dimensions of the model have been arrived at by
theoreti cal methods. The stresses generated and the deflections of the tooth have been
analy7ed for different materials. ;inall y the results obtained by theoreti cal analysi s
and ;inite 3lement Anal ysis are compared to chec# the correctness. A conclusion
has been arrived on the material which is best suited for the marine engines based on the results.
15. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DISC BRAKEROTOR
The main objective behind underta#ing the project GAnalysis of :isc >ra#e .otorH is to
study and evaluate the performance of disc bra#e under severe bra#ing conditions and thereby
assisting in disc bra#e rotor design and analysis.
A6'1' .! is a dedicated general purpose ;inite 3lement pac#age used for determining
the temperature, stress and strains. A6'1' is a fle*ible and cost effective tool. A6'1' is used in
industries in order to solve several mechanical problems.
In this project, an A*is%'ymmetric disc bra#e rotor is considered for analysis. ;lange
width of 8mm, !mm and "mm made of +ast Iron, Aluminum and Aluminum composite are
considered. A +oupled ;ield Analysis (Transient Thermal Analysis and 'tructural Analysis) is
performed to obtain the Temperature :istribution and ,on%4ises 'tress. After the +oupled field
analysis is performed, a graph is plotted between the distance and temperature.
An attempt is made to suggest the best combination of material and flange width for disc
bra#e rotor, which yields a low temperature variation across the rotor disc and minimum von%
mises stress possible.
16. D"#$%&' $#$(")&) *+ '*%,*)&-. ,/*,.((./ *+ )0&, 1)&#2 FEA
ABSTRACT
'hips and underwater vehicles li#e submarine and torpedoes use propeller for propulsion.
In general, propellers are used as propulsors and they are also used to develop significant thrust
to propel the vehicle at its operational speed and .24. The blade geometry and design are more
comple* involving many controlling parameters. 2ropeller with conventional isotropic materials
creates more vibration and noise in its rotation. It is undesirable in stealth point of view. In
current years the increased need for light weight structural element with acoustic insulation has
led to use of fiber reinforced multi layered composite propeller. The present wor# is to carry out
the dynamic analysis of aluminum, composite propeller which is a combination of 5;.2 (5lass
;iber .einforced 2lastics) and +;.2 (+arbon ;iber .einforced 2lastics) materials.
The present thesis deals with modeling and analy7ing the propeller blade of a underwater
vehicle for their strength. A propeller is a comple* geometry which requires high end modeling
software. The solid model of propeller is developed in +ATIA ,- .8. Tetrahedral mesh is
generated for the model using 0123. 43'0. 'tatic, 3igen and frequency responses analysis of
both aluminum and composite propeller are carried out in A6'1'. Interlaminar shear stresses
are calculated for composite propeller by varying the number of layers. The stresses obtained are
well within the limit of elastic property of the materials. The results were compeered with Tsai%
$u failure theory and found they were within the safe limits.
17. F&.(3 P/*4(.% *+ A C$4&# M*1#-&#2 B/$'5.- O+ L*$36K&#2
P/&3.
In an automobile industry while designing the components, the most critical aspect
considered is the compactness and the weight of the component. According to the 6ewton8s "nd
law of motion the energy required to accelerate the vehicle depends upon the mass of the
automobile. In the structural point of view the automotive materials should have more strength to
weight ratio. The mounting brac#ets are meant for supporting the structural component and
electronic components such as batteries, seats, cabin, chassis, rear body and also it should
support the e*ternal load such as passenger8s weight. 'ince it is very much needed to reduce the
weight and therefore it is to be redesigned or optimi7ed for minimum weight without sacrificing
the functionality. The most common material used for the structural components is structural
steel.
In the initial stage the brac#et is designed according to the specifications of the
mountings without considering any other factors. Analysis will be performed for 3*isting and
6ew modified designs. The most important factors that are concentrated are shape and si7e and
constraints are stress distribution and deflection. The design structure is optimi7ed for its
topology and topography. The reviewed design is analy7ed and the better design for the
minimum weight is considered, according to the optimi7ed design parameters the structure is
rebuilt.
In the present wor# an attempt has been made to produce optimi7ed design of a mounting
brac#et. The modeling is carried out in +ATIA and meshing with quality is ensured through
0yper 4esh. The analysis is carried out using Ansys by the objective function as shape and
topology and the weighting function as weight, and constraints are the deflection and stresses
induced.
18. STATIC AND DYNAMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF A
CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER USING FEA
ABSTRACT
+entrifugal blowers are used e*tensively for on%board naval applications have high noise
levels. The noise produced by a rotating component is mainly due to random loading force on the
blades and periodic iteration of incoming are with the blades of the rotor. The contemporary
blades in naval applications are made up of aluminum or steel and generate noise that causes
disturbance to the people wor#ing near the blower.
The present wor# aims at e*amining the choice of composites as an alternative to metal
for better vibration control. +omposites, #nown for their superior damping characteristics are
more promising in vibration reduction compared to metals. The modeling of the blower was done
by using solid modeling software, +ATIA ,- ./. The blower is meshed with a three
dimensional he*8 mesh is done using 0123.43'0 !.
It is proposed to design a blower with composite material, analy7e its strength and
deformation using ;34 software. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of composites and metal
blower using ;3A pac#aged (A6'1'). 4odal analysis is performed on both Aluminum and
composite blower to find out first - natural frequencies.
17. D.)&2# $#3 $#$(")&) *+ ,/.))1/. 8.)).( %*1#-&#2 (.2)
2ressure vessels li#e pre%water heaters essentially heat e*changers that are used in
closed cycle power cycles. These pressure vessels are used to preheat the water fed into >oilers
or heat the water before entering the boiler using e*panded steam to increase the efficiency of the
ran#ine cycle.
These heavy duty pressure vessels are in wor#ing condition throughout the year.
The mounting legs should be strong enough to withstand the load. The design of mountings of
the pressure vessels is very crucial and is dependent on the load and outer dimensions of the
pressure vessel.
This project involves
. :esign of the legs for the specified pressure vessel load.
". ;3 analysis of legs for validation of the load to ensure whether they withstand for the
specified design load.
9.DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ROCKET THRUSTER BY USING
FEA
.oc#et Thruster is a reaction control system of <iquid .oc#et 2ropulsion 'ystem, used for
the attitude control(control over the orientation of an object) of missile. The reaction control
system is employed in the missile to provide roll control to the second stage after separation
of the first stage. The thruster is subjected to temperature and pressure loads during its
operation. It is essential for a flight vehicle to have low weight and high velocity to overcome
the gravity. In order to develop compact si7e thruster it is required to carry out structural
analysis for ''9" material
The present wor# deals with analysis of .oc#et Thruster casing and flange joint. The .oc#et
thruster casing is designed as per A'43 pressure vessel code and 6A'A '2 "- design
report. Analysis has been carried out considering the e*ternal injector pressure for shell.The
temperature loads are applied on the thruster to estimate the deformations and stresses.The
Thruster is then subjected to a thermo%structural load and then von 4ises stresses are
estimated.
91. STRESS AND ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFTS SUBJECT TO DYNAMIC LOADING
A4)-/$'-
The main objective of this project was to investigate weight and cost reduction opportunities for
a forged steel cran#shaft. The need of load history in the ;34 analysis necessitates performing a
detailed dynamic load analysis. Therefore, this study consists of dynamic load analysis and
stress analysis. In this project a dynamic simulation was conducted on cran#shafts cast iron from
similar single cylinder four stro#e engines. ;inite element analysis was performed to obtain the
variation of stress magnitude at critical locations. The pressure%volume diagram was used to
calculate the load boundary condition in dynamic simulation model, and other simulation inputs
were ta#en from the engine specification chart. The analysis was done for different engine speeds
and as a result, critical engine speed and critical region on the cran#shafts were obtained. 'tress
variation over the engine cycle and the effect of torsional load in the analysis were investigated.
22.FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL
FIXATION DEVICES FOR DISTAL FEMUR BONE
FRACTURES
A4)-/$'-
The present wor# is focused on design and analysis of internal fi*ation devices for distal
femur bone fractures. It also presents the conceptual implant models for the fractures in distal
femur bone. The misaligned and unstable fractures of distal femur bone are treated by operative
incision using various internal fi*ations li#e Intramedullary nail, plates and $ires. The finite
element analysis was carried out during static loading condition which helps to compare the
stiffness and stress distributions of intact femur bone and fractured femur bone. It is observed
that stiffness value of the conceptual models is varied by changing the order of screw fi*ations of
the implants. The stiffness and stress distribution values of the intact model and conceptual
models are compared with previous literature. It shows the order of screw fi*ation improves the
significant amount of stiffness for distal fractured femur bone. It is also observed from the
results that the stiffness of conceptual model% (Intramedullary nail) is more than that of
conceptual model%" (shield type plate) with respect to intact femur bone when the screws are
fully fi*ed . The stress distributions of conceptual model% is -@ more than that of conceptual
model%". These results are useful to understand the preferable conceptual implant model% to
union the fracture occurred in the distal femur bone with more stability.