Reworld20140910 DL PDF

ExxMob_REW_1407 1 6/18/14 1:55 PM
Energy Storage
Is distributed energy
storage Germanys
missing link?
Geothermal
China turns to
geothermal to
combat carbon.
Data Points
Affordable,
Available
Rooftop Solar
p. 78 p. 68 p. 48
Intelligent
Inverters
How new technologies for PV
are enhancing communications,
control and interaction.
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2014 VOLUME 17 ISSUE 5
Wind
The exciting and
lucrative wind
O&M business.
p. 40
1409REW_C1 1 9/11/14 11:15 AM
www.solar-frontier.com
MORE
Photo by Rolf Schultern, photon-pictures.com
For more information, enter 1 at REW.hotims.com
1409REW_C2 2 9/11/14 11:15 AM
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RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2014 1
Photo of the
Narragansett
Bay Commission
(NBC) wastewater
treatment facilitys
three wind turbines
in Providence, RI.
Credit: Goldwind.
40
30
30
COVER STORY
Intelligent Inverters
Stealing the Show
Inverters are rapidly
adding value to PV system
architecture by enhancing
communications, control
and grid interaction.
David Appleyard
40
WIND POWER
The Big and Booming
Business of Keeping
Wind Turbines Spinning
Wind farm O&M is growing
by 40 GW per year and is
expected to reach 555 GW by
2023 making it an exciting
and lucrative industry.
Elisa Wood
50
RENEWABLES IN THE
DEVELOPING WORLD
Electrifying Kenya:
How One African
Country Is Approaching
Renewable Energy
Development Confusion
about renewable energy
projects and the governments
ambiguous energy policy is
overshadowing excitement in
Kenya. Sherelle Jacobs
63
BIOENERGY
Food For Watts:
Turning Post-consumer
Food Waste into
Renewable Energy
A new project in Oregon
creates biogas from
consumer food waste and
developers have big plans
for the future. Mike Crummy
68
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
China Turns to
Geothermal Energy
To Tackle Carbon
Emissions As China
scrambles to reduce its
carbon impact, it has set
gears in motion to develop
its geothermal resources.
Meg Cichon
features
ON THE COVER
Innotech Solar supplied
more than 400 PV
modules to Ulra Winery
on the Turkish Riviera.
Credit: Innotech Solar.
1409REW_1 1 9/11/14 11:11 AM
IF ALL THIS REALLY MATTERS!
Visit us at WindEnergy Hamburg, 23-26 September 2014, Hall B1, Booth-no. 320
www.hove-as.dk
1409REW_2 2 9/11/14 11:12 AM
departments & columns
On RenewableEnergyWorld.com
RenewableEnergyWorld.com is your daily
dose of news, opinion and technology updates
about the renewable energy industry.
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72
HYDROPOWER
Hydropower Financing Gets a
Boost from the US Department
of Energy The US government has set
its sights on non-powered dams as ripe
for government investment. Vince Font
78
ENERGY STORAGE
Is Distributed Energy Storage
the Energiewendes Missing
Link? In Germany, the first state-
sponsored storage scheme is off to a
sluggish start. Paul Hockenos
5 Editors Letter
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features
1409REW_3 3 9/11/14 11:12 AM
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A
A story we covered this month on RenewableEnergyWorld.com was
about the misrepresentation of the number of bird deaths at Ivanpah.
In our article, Susan Kraemer explained that the Associated Press had
reported that 28,000 birds had been killed by the concentrating solar
power plant, Ivanpah, which went online earlier this year. The 392-
MW facility, which received a $1.6 billion loan guarantee from the U.S.
government and additional financial backing from industry giants like
Google, is a shining example of a clean energy success story. Kraemer,
who was in the process of writing a full-length feature story about how
to keep birds away from CSP projects, knew that number was exag-
gerated. The actual fact is that 321 bird deaths occurred from January
to June 2014 with 133 as a result of solar flux, which happens when a
bird flies through the concentrated sunlight and gets singed.
New energy projects go through a rigorous permitting process
before they are built. Kraemer pointed out in her news story that 188
permitting documents were filed with the California Energy Com-
mission for Ivanpah, and some of those were 300+ pages long. And it
doesnt stop at initial permits oversight organizations continue test-
ing and monitoring after projects are online and generating power.
Unfortunately it is virtually impossible to generate power and not
have an impact. Every single energy project, no, every single human
endeavor that involves building anything has an impact on wildlife.
Skyscrapers, cars, power lines, oil spills, communication towers, heck,
even cats kill birds! While we wish we could avoid injuries and fatali-
ties, and we take every possible precaution available to us to lessen our
impact, the truth of the matter is that we cannot continue making tech-
nological progress without harming some creatures along the way.
At Renewable Energy World, we try to focus on solutions rath-
er than dwell on the morbid and troubling aspects of the problem.
Thats why Kraemers follow-up article was about how CSP developers
and plant operators can keep birds away from their projects through
everything from mobile radar devices and bio-acoustics to trained fal-
cons and hawks. You can read it here.
Since we cant go back to living in caves and cooking over camp-
fires, were going to have to accept that some animals may be harmed
or killed as a result of our human activity. As uneasy as that makes us,
we can be comforted in the knowledge that were doing everything we
can to make those incidents as few
and as far between as possible.
From t he Edi tor
Jennifer Runyon, Chief Editor
CHIEF EDITOR Jennifer Runyon
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Meg Cichon
SENIOR OPERATIONS MANAGER
Stephanie Kolodziej
EDITORIAL OFFICES
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the prior written consent of the Publishers.
While every attempt is made to ensure the
accuracy of the information contained in this
magazine, neither the Publishers nor the authors
accept any liability for errors or omissions.
1409REW_5 5 9/11/14 11:12 AM
100
Proposed access road
Proposed chain link fence & gate
Inverter storage container
Battery storage container
Proposed solar array
Transformer vault
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6 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2014 RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD MAGAZINE
US State Breaks Ground on a
Perfect Solar + Storage Microgrid
that Can Provide Resilient Power
In August, Green Mountain Power
(GMP) broke ground on a solar plus
energy storage microgrid in Rut-
land, Vermont with one expert
calling it a perfect project. The
2.5-MW Stafford Hill solar project
is being developed in conjunction
with Dynapower and GroSolar and
includes 4 MW of battery storage,
both lithium ion and lead acid, to
integrate the solar generation into
the local grid, and to provide resil-
ient power in case of a grid outage.
The companies said that this project is one of the
first solar-only microgrids in the nation, and the first
to provide full back-up to an emergency shelter on the
distribution network. Solar power and battery stor-
age will provide clean reliable power to a school that
serves as an emergency shelter, helping a communi-
ty cope with loss of power in a future disaster, said
Lewis Milford, president of Clean Energy Group, which
manages the Clean Energy States Alliance.
This project is a national model for the future of
clean energy combining solar with energy storage,
said Dr. Imre Gyuk (pictured in hat at podium), Energy
Storage Program Manager in the DOEs Office of Elec-
tricity Delivery. This project provides resilient power
during emergencies while benefitting the grid at other
times. The technical innovations will reduce cost and
make the project commercially viable. This is the
perfect project! It has social value, technical innova-
tion, and furthers renewable integration for the grid.
GMP said that the project puts Vermont in the
forefront ofthe new movement toward microgrids,
energy storage, and grid modernization.Solar +
storage and microgrid technologiesare poised to
revolutionize resilient power, bringing clean, local-
ly-generated power to communities all over the
world. These systems can keep critical facilities,
such as emergency shelters, firehouses and fueling
stations, operating when the grid goes down.
There is a great need for such resilient power solu-
tions, as shown by recent disasters like Hurricane
Sandy, which affected the entire eastern seaboard
and left millions without electrical service. With this
project, Vermont takes a giant step toward addressing
this need, as well as meeting Vermonts clean energy
and emissions reduction goals.
The $10 million project is expected to be up and
running by December 2014.
This story is an excerpt from a longer piece published

on RenewableEnergyWorld.com on August 10. You can
read the entire story by clicking on this link.
NORTH AMERICA
Credit: GMP.
1409REW_6 6 9/11/14 11:12 AM
Paniolo Power Company to Issue a Pumped-
Storage Hydro Request for Qualifications
Paniolo Power Company, a sub-
sidiary of Parker Ranch, has
announced plans for a Request for
Qualifications (RFQ) from engineer-
ing, procurement and construction
(EPC) providers for a pumped-stor-
age hydroelectric (PSH) system on
Parker Ranch lands. The RFQ pro-
cess will open in September.
This RFQ is the first potential
project to emerge from the utili-
ty-grade integrated resource plan
(IRP) initiated by Parker Ranch in
2013 and currently under develop-
ment by a three-party consortium
led by Siemens. The IRP is evalu-
ating the merits of an innovative
community-based energy solution
for Greater Waimea and the Koha-
la Region as well as large-scale
energy resources to possibly bene-
fit the entire island of Hawaii.
The primary objective of Park-
er Ranchs IRP is to identify strat-
egies to lower electricity rates
for consumers and significantly
increase the percentage of renew-
able energy in the generation mix.
The energy planning effort with
the Siemens-led consortium com-
menced in September 2013, eight
months before the Public Utili-
ties Commission (PUC) rejected
all three of the Hawaiian Electric
Companies IRPs on April 28, 2014.
We are nearing the comple-
tion of our IRP with Siemens, said
Neil Kuyper, CEO of Parker Ranch.
What were seeing is that hydro
energy storage is a valuable con-
tributor in many scenarios. The
major capital expenditures asso-
ciated with PSH, such as reser-
voirs and penstocks, can have use-
ful lives of 100 years. The practice
of running expensive oil-fired gen-
erators and curtailing renewable
energy seems unfriendly to both
ratepayers and the environment.
Investing in assets that are capable
of storing intermittent
Is the US Geothermal Industry Back on Track?
The U.S. geothermal industry has limped its way
through the past few years with little growth, lead-
ing many companies to abandon plans and shift
their business elsewhere.
While industry activitymoved overseas to more
promising developing marketslike East Africa and
Turkey, those that have stayed in the U.S. have
been fighting for regulation easements, federal and
state incentives and resource assessments and
it looks like all that work is starting to take shape,
according to a panel conference call during the
Geothermal Energy Associations (GEA) National
Geothermal Summit held in Reno, Nevada.
The geothermal industry is poised for real-
ly strong growth in the years ahead, the ques-
tion is what happens at the state level, said GEA
executive director Karl Gawell. We cant count on
Congress any time soon, so were relying on states
like California and Nevada.
California has beenforwarding a geothermal
bill (S.B. 1139)that calls for 500 MW of geothermal
procurement by 2024, which is separate from the
state renewable portfolio standard (RPS). The panel-
ists were confident that this bill would pass, which
would begreat news for the Salton Sea Initiative, a
plan that calls for the development of 1,700 MW of
geothermal in the area by 2032, with hopes that it
will revitalize the community.
In Nevada, officials are looking at revamping its
RPS since it already surpassed its previous goals
of 20 percent by 2020 and 25 percent by 2025 set in
2007, and geothermal players are hoping
[ cont >]
[ cont >]
1409REW_7 7 9/11/14 11:12 AM
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that
it will open its doors to signifi-
cant development.
Although critical of con-
gressional inaction, panelists
acknowledgedseveral important
bills currently on the table, which
heavily emphasize permitting.
Currently, the National Environ-
mental Protection Agency (NEPA)
has a lengthy regulatory process
in place for geothermal projects.
It can take an average of five to
seven years to develop a geother-
mal project, compared to around
1.5 years for a wind or solar proj-
ect, and three to five years for oil
and gas projects.
Geothermal consistently
comes up at least levelized cost
of energy, but how long does it
take to permit a project? Com-
pared to wind and solar, we
cant build projects in a time-
ly fashion and this is hindering
forward growth, said Gawell.
Panelists also pointed to
increased grid instability as a
positive factor for geothermal
growth. As more and more inter-
mittent renewables like wind and
solar enter the grid and baseload
fossil moves off, utilities will be
in need to stable, green baseload
power, and geothermal fits the
bill its cheap, flexible, stable
and emission-free, said Gawell.
This story is an excerpt from

a longer piece that was published
on RenewableEnergyWorld.com on
August 6. You can read the entire
story by clicking on this link.
[Geothermal cont. from p.7]
or otherwise curtailed forms of energy should
be more beneficial to consumers and our air quality. It also seems more
rational than spending costly capital on other types of utility assets, such
as grid improvements or retrofitting fossil-fuel generation, given the
amount of renewable energy curtailment apparently occurring.
While we are currently focused on the concept of a community
microgrid for Waimea and Kohala, we are evaluating concepts on multi-
ple levels, from a community-wide solution to large-scale strategies which
could benefit the entire island, said Kuyper.
Paniolo Power wants to quantify the capital costs and identify design
requirements associated with a wide range of potential hydro-energy stor-
age solutions, from 10-megawatts (MW) to as high as 200-MW.
We believe that the best way to explore the merits of these storage
options is to expose them to the marketplace of ideas and engage in seri-
ous dialogue to attract and inspire innovative solutions from local and global
engineering and construction firms with expertise in this area, said Kuyper.
Kuyper noted Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC) reported that inte-
grating PSH could increase that islands renewable energy penetration by 15
percent, making use of daytime solar energy that might otherwise be cur-
tailed and reducing dependence on oil-based generation assets.
This is a unique time in Hawaiis history, said Kuyper. If the islands
were to pursue generation portfolios with high penetrations of renewable
energy sources, then storage could be instrumental in enabling us to boost
those percentages even higher.
PSH on Parker Ranch lands could provide up to five hours of firm, dis-
patchable power, which would enable load shifting and increase renew-
able penetration. Wind and solar energy, that would otherwise be cur-
tailed, would pump water to an upper reservoir. Releasing this water
during the evening would generate power to meet the evening peak loads,
which would further reduce or eliminate the need to run oil-fired fos-
sil generators during peak demand. Strategic investments in storage may
produce better results than certain investments in the grid while also
helping to address challenges posed by the so-called duck curve facing
many utilities.
The elevation change of 7,000 feet on Parker Ranch is a strategic asset,
said Kuyper. If an undersea cable is possible for Maui, perhaps its possible
for Hawaii Island in the long run. And if that is the case, Parker Ranch could
enable a large-scale storage solution as part of an integrated statewide grid.
Paniolo Power will issue the Pumped-Storage Hydro RFQ in Septem-
ber and a subsequent Request for Information (RFI) to a select group of RFQ
participants, once all responses have been evaluated. Wind, solar, geother-
mal and battery-storage RFQs are also being contemplated and would be
announced separately.
[Paniolo Power cont. from p.7]

1409REW_8 8 9/11/14 11:12 AM
151 modules tested
Best polycrystalline
solar module 2013
Q.PRO-G2 235
MOD:27898 photon.info/laboratory
THE SUN DOESNT SEND
ITS RAYS 150 MILLION KM
TO LAND ON SECOND-RATE
SOLAR MODULES.
Best polycrystalline module
Renowned photovoltaic journal PHOTON crowned our Q.PRO-G2 235 the best polycrystalline module in its 2013 test.
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roof-mounted PV system or a solar power plant with Q CELLS, you leave nothing to chance. Q CELLS stands
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the sun is. Would you like more information about Q CELLS products, or are you ready to join us on the sunny side?
Then visit us at www.q-cells.com.
1409REW_9 9 9/11/14 11:12 AM
EUROPE
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UK Is Now Fifth Largest
Utility-scale Solar Market
The U.K. has now leapfrogged over Spain to
become the worlds fifth largest market for utility-
scale solar projects behind only USA, China, Ger-
many and India. This news follows the recent dis-
closure that total U.K. solar capacity has topped
5 GW, when domestic, industrial and utility-scale
installations are all included.
The latest national figures also show other
countries rising dramatically in the world utility-
scale solar league tables. Chile has now connect-
ed its first projects and joins the list at number
15. Its 3-GW pipeline will take it higher in coming
months. South Africa and Japan are competing to
become the next entrant to the top ten, thanks to
substantial backlogs.
The U.K.s climb above Spain had been
predicted back in April, but the big question is
whether changes to incentives will bring this
rise to a grinding halt, said Wiki-Solars Philip
Wolfe. The government recently proposed with-
drawing solar power from the Renewables Obli-
gation, which has supported most of the large
installations in recent years.
This is the latest in a series of what insiders see
as assaults on the utility-scale PV sector. Develop-
ers have been uncharacteristically reticent to com-
ment on future prospects.
The industry has bounced back each
time, so it would be premature to say this is
the end of the road, said Wolfe. Maybe [devel-
opers] are awaiting the outcome of the lawsuit
against the government; maybe they judge
the new Contracts for Difference will provide
adequate incentive; or perhaps they are
already shutting up shop and moving to more
favorable markets.
Country
No. of
Plants
Capacity
MW
AC
United States 349 6,240.2
China 219 4,709.8
Germany 277 3,454.6
India 184 1,975.1
United Kingdom 233 1,791.9
Spain 171 1,680.0
Italy 85 898.2
France 57 732.2
Canada 56 717.3
Thailand 62 592.6
South Africa 15 503.0
Ukraine 19 490.2
Japan 16 308.0
Romania 17 277.6
Chile 7 269.4
Bulgaria 13 225.4
Czech Republic 26 216.8
Greece 12 117.5
Portugal 11 110.3
United Arab Emirates 3 103.3
The top twenty markets account for 97 percent of the
worlds utility-scale solar. Credit: Wiki-solar.org.
THE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF UTILITY-
SCALE POWER PLANTS IN THE LEADING
COUNTRIES AT THE END OF JUNE WAS:
1409REW_10 10 9/11/14 11:12 AM
Germanys 200-MW Borkum
West II Offshore Wind Farm
Nears Completion
The first construction phase of the Borkum West II offshore
wind farm, a 200-MW development in the German North
Sea, is now complete.The project is located approximately
40 kilometers north of the island of Bokrum.
This development is the first full-scale commercial proj-
ect to use the AREVA M5000 wind turbine, following its
installation at the Alpha Ventus test site. The last of the 40
wind turbines was successfully installed during June 2014
and the project will now move into the commissioning
phase, which is expected to be completed in 2015.
The project is being developed, constructed and operated
by Trianel Windfraftwerk Borkum GmbH & Co. KG (TWB),
a company owned by 34 municipal utilities from Germany,
Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands.
SgurrEnergy provided technical advisement for the proj-
ect, which covered construction monitoring on the develop-
ment, including monthly reporting to the project lenders on
construction progress, program and budget reviews, as well
as on-site monitoring of progress through site visits.
[Weve] been involved in this landmark project for
around five years, said Andrew Cole, project manager at
SgurrEnergy, and its fantastic to see it reach this con-
struction milestone and take another successful step
towards completion.
Hanwha Q CELLS
Completes 13.3
MW Solar Power
Plant in Portugal
Hanwha Q CELLS announced that it has
completed its first solar park in Portu-
gal as engineering, procurement and con-
struction provider (EPC). The installation
in the municipality of Montijo (South-East
of Lisbon) features around 51,000 of Q
CELLS modules and was fully connected
to the grid as of May 2014.
The 13.3-MW plant is expected to pro-
vide clean energy to some 5,475 local
households with an average consumption
of 4,000 kWh per year. Hanwha Q CELLS
said that it was able to build the plant in
just five weeks, with an additional time
for connecting it to the grid and complet-
ing all test runs.
Since 2009, Hanwha Q CELLS EPC
team has been working to reduce the con-
struction time for power plants. Over the
five years time, the company said that it
reduced construction time on a 1-MWp
system from 3.9 days to less than a day.
Quick construction as well as the suc-
cessive connection to the grid significantly
reduces costs and ensures earliest possible
yields and thus enable a quick return on
investment (ROI), said Hanwha Q CELLS.
To date, the company has installed more
than 600 MW of solar power plants with
outputs greater than 1 MW since 2007.
The PV system in Portugal proves
Hanwha Q CELLS expertise as full-ser-
vice-provider regarding the development
and EPC of PV power plants, said Frank
Danielzik, Vice President Development/
Sales & EPC at Hanwha Q CELLS.
Credit: SgurrEnergy.
1409REW_11 11 9/11/14 11:12 AM
At the end of the day, if a
product on the shelf is not
bought, it is marked it down
to a lower price for customers.
If its still not bought, a couple of different things happen next:
Any food waste thats
suitable for charitable
donations is collected by
charity partners who come to
the store to get it.
If its not ok for humans,
certain products including
bread go to make animal
feed. Some stores also send
fruit to feed the animals at
safari parks.
The same thing happens to
remaining food waste
collected from Sainsburys
supermarkets around the UK
using Sainsburys delivery
trucks.
If its not suitable for any of
that, it is picked up by the
empty Sainsburys truck that
has just delivered food to the
store.
That waste is picked up
by a Biffa truck and taken
to the Biffa anaerobic
digestion plant at
Cannock.
That gas generates electricity
at the AD plant. A byproduct
of the process is called
digestate, which is a great
fertilizer and used by local
farms.
The food waste is sent to big
silos that act like a human
stomach to break down the
food into bio methane gas.
Electricity for Sainsburys
Cannock store is directly
supplied to the supermarket
via a 1.5km electricity cable
that runs directly from the
AD plant. If we make too
much electricity the rest goes
back into the National Grid.
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UK Supermarket To Be Powered
Exclusively by Waste-To-Energy Plant
U.K. retailer Sainsburys
announced that it will power
one of its supermarkets
with 100 percent renewable
electricity produced from
an anaerobic digester,
making it the largest retailer
to be off-grid using an anaero-
bic digester.
Sainsburys feeds the
waste-to-energy plant with
materials from its supermar-
kets located throughout the
U.K. The plant is based in
Cannock in the West Mid-
lands, operated by recycling
company Biffa, and directly
powers the Sainsburys Can-
nock retail store.
All general waste from
stores is recycled or turned
into fuel. Surplus food that
cant be used to feed peo-
ple is processed into animal
feed to support British farm-
ers or used to generate energy
through anaerobic digestion.
When waste enters the
digester, it will be turned into
bio-methane gas, which is then
used to generate electricity.
This power will travel along
a newly constructed 1.5-kilo-
meter transmission cable to
directly supply the store.
Dentons advised Sains-
burys on the energy, con-
struction and property
aspects of the project.
[ cont >]
This infographic shows how a nearby anaerobic digester will power the
Sainsburys supermarket. Credit: Sainsburys.
1409REW_12 12 9/11/14 11:12 AM
Power-One. Raised to the power of two.
Power-One is now officially known as ABB. But this is much more than just a name change. One
of the most innovative inverter manufacturers in the world now has the engineering, infrastructure
and financial clout of a Fortune 500 company. The benefits to our customers and the solar industry
as a whole should be felt for years to come. ABB now has one of the industrys most comprehensive
offerings of solar inverters for residential, commercial and utility-scale pv installations.
For more information please visit: www.abb.com/solarinverters
1409REW_13 13 9/11/14 11:12 AM
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This is another in a series
of industry-first energy and
sustainability projects led by
Sainsburys in recent years,
Rajan Phakey, partner in Den-
tons Energy, Infrastructure
and Project Finance practice.
Sainburys also plans to heat
its stores in the winter months
with ground-source heat
pumps. Working with heat-
ing company Geoscart, Sains-
burys will store waste heat
from its refrigeration systems
underground and then pump it
back into the store when nec-
essary. The retailer plans to
use the technology across 100
stores, and expects to cut up
to 30 percent of its heating
consumption.
Were delighted to be help-
ing to reduce energy use and
carbon, said Paul Crewe, head
of sustainability, engineering
& energy at Sainsburys said in
a statement. I hope that with
Geoscarts help well now see
more retailers following suit.
[ UK Supermarket cont. from p.12 ]

South Africa Installs Its First
Solar Thermal Cooling Project
The MTN (Mobile Telephone Net-
works) headquarters in Johan-
nesburg, South Africa com-
missioned South Africas first
concentrating solar thermal
cooling system in July.
The system, which uses Ger-
many-based Schott Solar technol-
ogy, consists of a fresnel-collector
that has a thermal peak power of
272 kW. It is now connected to the
district cooling system at MTNs
main office, where the concentrat-
ing solar thermal collector powers
a double-effect absorption chiller
with a cooling capacity of 330 kW.
Due to this system, the MTN head-
quarters is thus air-conditioned in
an environmentally friendly man-
ner, releases lower emissions and
consumes less fossil fuel.
The Industrial Solar GmbH
(Freiburg/Breis-
gau) as part of
the German Ener-
gy Agencys dena
Solar Roofs Pro-
gramme facil-
itated the proj-
ect. This program
supports Ger-
man solar players
entering foreign
markets through
the Renewable
Energies Export Initiative of the
Federal Ministry for Econom-
ic Affairs and Energy. The con-
struction of the plant in coopera-
tion with REACH Renewable was
commissioned in June 2014.
The market for solar cooling or
solar process heat will likely grow
in South Africa for a number of
reasons, according to Schott. Aside
form its excellent sun exposure
with irradiation levels significant-
ly higher than Europe, the coun-
try has vast potential for indus-
trial applications of concentrating
solar energy. Although no govern-
ment subsidies for the purchase
of solar technologies are available,
the economics are improving due
to rising conventional energy pric-
es and decreasing solar system
costs. Investments in renewable
energies are thus becoming more
and more attractive.
The Solar thermal cooling project at the Mobile

Telephone Networks headquarters in Johannesburg,
South Africa. Credit: Industrial Solar.
MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
1409REW_14 14 9/11/14 11:12 AM
Niche markets grow at an 18% CAGR to 1.2 GW
in 2024, led by BIPV, thanks to early incentives
New installations (MW)
0
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Military
TIPV
Electronics
BIPV
Tanzania To Develop 4 GW
of Geothermal by 2017
In order to exploit its vast geother-
mal potential and tackle its ener-
gy deficiency issues, the Tanza-
nian government has established
an entity to guide the develop-
ment of renewable resources. The
Tanzania Geothermal Develop-
ment Company (TGDC) hopes
develop 4 GW of geothermal
resources within two years.
A subsidiary of Tanzania Elec-
tric Supply Company (TANESCO),
TGDC began operation in July by
evaluating resources and poten-
tial project sites. Energy and Min-
erals Minister, Professor Sos-
peter Muhongo, told a local news
source that he hopes TGDC will
be able to get the much-delayed
geothermal industry rolling.
We have huge potential
in geothermal since Tanzania has
the largest share of the East Afri-
cas Rift Valley system. I should
admit that we have delayed to
make use of this opportunity,
Muhongo said.
Tanzania will also collabo-
rate with Germany, Japan, Italy
and the United States for geother-
mal development expertise and
instruction. Though hydro, natu-
ral gas and coal are more likely
to be quickly developed, Muhon-
go stated that the country is look-
ing to increase its current 1,500-
MW energy capacity with other
renewables sources such as solar
and tidal technology.
Niche Solar Markets Grow to 1.2 GW in 2024, EMEA Takes Lead

Many thin-film solar manufacturers have sought
out smaller, niche markets where they can leverage
the technologys flexibility, light-weight, and aes-
thetic attributes. A suite of niche applications will
combine to a market worth 1.2 GW in 2024, led by
building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) that incor-
porate PV panels directly in building roofs, sky-
lights or facades. EMEA will remain the largest
niche PV market growing from 66 MW in 2013 to
505 MW in 2024, according to Lux Research.
Technology barriers including the need for
high-quality barrier films, and integrators hes-
itance, have slowed growth in these markets to
date, said Edward Cahill, Lux Research analyst.
Market adoption has been limited and will remain
small relative to conventional solar demand, but
the niche application can be a profitable side busi-
ness that supports a core business market.
Lux analysts used a logistics curve analysis to
forecast markets for niche applications through
2024. They found facades are the fastest-growing
segment for BIPV. Roofing products like solar shin-
gles have the most traction in BIPV, accounting for
425 MW, or nearly half its market but facades will
grow at a 20 percent CAGR to 407 MW.
Researchers also concluded that skyrocketing
rechargers drive electronics, which will emerge the
fastest-growing segment of the thin-film PV mar-
ket, driven by solar chargers popular with outdoor
enthusiasts and off-grid users. The rechargers will
grow 31-fold to 125 MW (199 MW) in 2024.
1409REW_15 15 9/11/14 11:12 AM

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GE Supports 126 MW
of Wind Power in India
GE Energy Financial
Services has invest-
ed in three Atria Power
wind projects under
construction in India.
The wind farms will
have a combined capac-
ity of 126 MW and will
support the Indian
Ministry of New and
Renewable Energys
program to generate
competitively priced grid-interactive wind power through
feed-in tariffs.
Located in Ananthapur district of Andhra Pradesh,
the first 25.6-MW is expected to reach commercial opera-
tions in September. The two other projects, each
50 MW, are located in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh, and
are expected to reach commercial operations in December
and June 2015 respectively. Off-take arrangements for the
projects have not yet been finalized.
Of the 126 MW capacity, 76 MW will be supplied by GE
1.6-87.5 turbines and serviced under an operation and main-
tenance agreement also with GE. The additional 50 MW
of capacity will be supplied and serviced by another man-
ufacturer. Atrial power is managing construction and
operations.
GEs global experience, financial structuring capabilities
and commitment to advanced technology complements our
strategy to develop low-cost renewable energy projects, said
Sunder Raju, director at Atria Power.
This deal helps forward GE Energy Financial Services
commitment to invest US $1 billion annually in renewable
energy projects worldwide. Its current wind portfolio spans
nine countries and 13 gigawatts of capacity in operation or
under construction.
ASIA Chinese and US

EPC Companies
Continue to
Dominate Global
PV Installations
The worlds 10 largest solar PV engi-
neering, procurement and construc-
tion (EPC) companies are set this
year to install a combined 8 GW of
solar capacity, equivalent to 20 per-
cent of the worlds non-residential PV
demand, according to a new report
from IHS Technology.
Keeping their top positions,
Arizona-based First Solar and
China-based TBEA SunOasis are
expected to install more than 1 GW
of capacity this year. Both compa-
nies will focus on completing in-
house developed projects in their
home markets. Rounding out the
top five are SunEdison, headquar-
tered in Missouri, at No. 3; SunPow-
er, based in Silicon Valley, in fourth
place; and GD Solar from China,
ranked fifth.
The largest EPC companies build
their success on expanding domestic
PV demand, said Josefin Berg, senior
analyst for solar demand at IHS. The
main exception is SunEdison, which
is set to install half of an estimated
950 megawatts (MW) of PV capaci-
ty outside its home base in the Unit-
ed States.
Of the 10 companies that IHS fore-
casts will take the top positions in
this years ranking, six are based in
China while four are in
A 25.6-MW Atria Power wind farm in
India. Credit: GE.
[ cont >]
1409REW_16 16 9/11/14 11:12 AM
1409REW_17 17 9/11/14 11:12 AM
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North America. The vast major-
ity of projects result from ambi-
tious in-house project devel-
opments by the companies,
combined with their abili-
ty to attract major financiers
and investors under favorable
domestic incentive schemes.
Falling out of last years top 10,
however, are European system
integrators Abengoa and Belec-
tric. Abengoa in 2013 completed
its 246-MW U.S. flagship project
named Mount Signal for 8 Min-
ute Energy, and will be unable to
match that size of installations in
2014. For Belectric, IHS expects
the German integrator to take
16th place in 2014, as it shifts
focus from Germany.
Maharashtra, India Breaks Ground

on Its Largest Solar Project
Welspun Energy is building a
50-MW solar project in Maha-
rashtra, the largest in the state
developed under the public-pri-
vate-partnership (PPP) model
with Maharashtra State Power
Generation Co. Ltd (Mahagenco).
The power producer will be fully
responsible for part-finance,
design, and commissioning of
this grid interactive solar power.
The Baramati Solar project,
located in the Pune district, will
be installed in two phases of
36 MW and 14 MW. Once com-
missioned, it will be in opera-
tion for 25 years and is expect-
ed to power 240,000 households,
according to Welspun. This proj-
ect will help achieve newly elect-
ed Prime MinisterNarendra
Modis goalof providing solar
power to every house in India.
The Deputy Chief Minister
of Maharashtra Shri Ajit Pawar
helped break ground at the site.
He explained the need to address
climate change and embrace
renewable energy.
It is our obligation to focus on
energy security as well as relook
the way we have been using ener-
gy. We need to look for ways to
reduce our carbon footprint and
efficiently use energy sources. The
government has been systemati-
cally working on its green energy
agenda, said Pawar. Maharashtra
has laid focus on solar and wind
energy to secure energy access for
the present as well as the future.
The Baramati 50 MW solar project
will be a major step in this direc-
tion and will certainly help to
meet states green energy goals.
Apart from Maharashtra, Wels-
pun is building solar projects in the
states of Tamil Nadu and Punjab. It
has already begin construction at
its 36-MW Punjab project site, and
a memorandum of understanding
(MOU) has been signed for an addi-
tional 151 MW of capacity.
[ Global PV cont. from p. 16 ]

Shri Ajit Pawar Honorable Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra laying
the foundation stone of the 50-MW solar project. Credit: Welspun.
1409REW_18 18 9/11/14 11:12 AM
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1409REW_19 19 9/11/14 2:12 PM
Brazil's photovoltaic outlook in annual installed capacity
(Megawatts as given installed capacity)
Source: IHS Technology, July 2014
167
379
642
887
1023
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
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Solar Expectations Rise for Brazil
as Auctions Announced
Brazils plan to auction 3.5 giga-
watts (GW) of photovoltaic (PV)
capacity through 2018 comes as
welcome news for the global solar
industry as the ambitious plan is
expected to catalyze solar growth
in Latin America, according to a
new report from IHS Technology.
The Brazilian Electrici-
ty Regulatory Agency (ANEEL)
announced a solar-specific auc-
tion, which will benefit the PV
market compared to its regular
new-capacity auctions, in which
multiple renewable power tech-
nologies compete, a method that
gives an advantage to wind.
Exactly how much capacity will
be awarded has not yet been dis-
closed, but IHS expects about 500
megawatts (MW) to be available
for PV projects in the first round.
The ceiling price for the 20-year
power purchase agreement (PPA)
for bids is likely to be set at approx-
imately RS250 per megawatt-hour
(MWh), or $112 per MWh.
Successful bidders in the
reserve auction could seek to
increase revenues by completing
projects early to initially bene-
fit from potentially elevated spot
prices until the PPA of the auc-
tion comes into effect in 2017.
Such early installations will con-
tribute to near-term growth in
PV demand in the country.
Competition for PV projects
in the reserve capacity auc-
tion will be tough, IHS expects.
As an indicator of the PV proj-
ect pipeline in Brazil, about 6.1
GW worth of PV projects have
registered for the new capacity
auction scheduled for September
2014, even if few are likely to be
able to bid below wind projects.
In the October reserve capac-
ity auction, locally established
utilities and independent power
producers (IPP) are best posi-
tioned to offer sufficiently low
bid prices to take home the bulk
of awarded PV capacity. CPFL,
the largest utility not owned by
the government, has a PV pipe-
line of nearly 600 MW, while
wind-focused IPP Renova Energia
has claims to bids of a combined
capacity amounting to 240 MW.
Of the international power
producers already established in
Brazil, GDF Suez has installed a
3.5-MW solar plant, and Enel was
awarded 15 MW in the February
Pernambuco PV tender.
LATIN AMERICA
1409REW_20 20 9/11/14 11:12 AM
1409REW_21 21 9/11/14 11:12 AM
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Yingli Solar Continues
Expansion in Latin America
Yingli Green Energy Hold-
ing Company has expanded its
footprint in the Americas by
opening the companys third
Latin American office in Santi-
ago, Chile.
To facilitate the opening of the
new office and Yinglis growth
in the Chileansolar powermar-
ket, Yingli has brought on Rob-
ert Muhn to serve as Managing
Director of Yingli Green Energy
Chile. Under his leadership, the
Santiago office will initially focus
on the burgeoning utility-scale
solar market segment in Chile,
where Muhn will build on the
companys track record of sup-
plying large-scale solar plants in
Latin America. Yingli has already
deployed more than 25 mega-
watts (MW) of solar in Chile.
Chile is a high-poten-
tial solar market and home
to some of the strongest solar
irradiation in the world, par-
ticularly in the Atacama Des-
ert, noted Muhn. While we
see tremendous growth poten-
tial in Chiles utility-scale mar-
ket, we also anticipate that the
countrys relatively high elec-
tricity prices and strong solar
resources will provide a foun-
dation for a thriving and sus-
tainable distributed generation
market in the future.
As demonstrated by the
companys long-standing pres-
ence in the region, the South
and Central American solar
energy markets are a major
strategic priority in Yinglis
long-term global development
plans. In addition to Yinglis
permanent offices in Mexico
City, So Paolo, and Santiago,
the company also maintains
warehouses and invento-
ry in both Mexico and Brazil,
which expedite and streamline
regional module deliveries.
Our continued investments
in Latin America are a reflec-
tion of our confidence in this
key emerging markets long-
term growth potential, said
Jeffrey Barnett, Vice Presi-
dent of International Sales at
Yingli Green Energy Americas.
Thanks to our strong team of
professionals across the region,
we are establishing lasting
partnerships with pioneering
companies to help drive the
expansion of solar PV across
Latin America.
Led by Brazil, Chile, and
Mexico, the Latin American
region is expected to install
over 700 MW of solar capac-
ity in 2014, accordingto GTM
Research. Industry analysts
also predict that solar demand
in the region will exceed one
gigawatt in 2015 and achieve a
50 percent annual growth rate
for the next several years.
This article was originally

published on PennEnergy and was
reprinted with permission.
Solar panels. Credit:
Shutterstock.
1409REW_22 22 9/11/14 11:12 AM
CONTACT
Anna Pietler
Project Manager
Norbertstrae, 45131 Essen
Tel: +49 (0)201 7244-742
anna.pietler@messe-essen.de
STRONG PARTNERS
CONCENTRATED COMPETENCE
www.geotexpo.com
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2014
JJ-J1 N0\|N
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KNOW-HOW
TECHNOLOGY
MARKETS
Mexico Opens Energy Industry to Private
Companies, Wind Interest Surges
For the first time in seven decades, Mexico has
opened its energy market to private companies in
July after years of effort by President Enrique Pena
Nieto. Big companies like Siemens are already eying
the wind market potential, but they will face stiff
competition.
Iberdrola plans to invest $5 billion in Mexico over
the next four years, according to Bloomberg. It is
currently constructing the 66-MW Pier II wind farm
in Esperanza. It will be equipped with 33 Game-
sa G97 wind turbines, each with a unit capacity of 2
MW. The $120 million project is expected to supply
renewable energy to 25,000 Mexican households and
create more than 400 jobs.
Pier II is the first Mexico wind farm to use a super-
computing system called SEDAR (Spanish acronym for
High Resolution Wind Power Simulation), which posi-
tions wind turbines in the locations with the best poten-
tial for producing energy by performing an analysis that
takes the entire life cycle of the facility into account.
Iberdrola representatives stated that Mexico is a
strategic country for its future growth.
By the time the Puebla complex is up and run-
ning, the company will be managing a wind power
capacity of almost 600 MW in Mexico. However it
is not alone as Spain-basedAcciona SA andGame-
sa Corp. are also eyeing the region and have scored
wind project in the past several months.

1409REW_23 23 9/11/14 11:12 AM
1409REW_24 24 9/11/14 11:12 AM
Are Solar Roadways a

Worthwhile Investment?
SOLAR ROADWAYS have been under development for years. The con-
cept is grand, and very appealing: replace all 31,000 miles of viable
roads, parking lots, parks, bike paths, and more with modular solar
pavement blocks. The resulting energy production would theoreti-
cally be enough to power the entire U.S. three times over, according
to founders Scott and Julie Brusaw.
Each hexagonal solar block is covered with a tempered glass
material strong enough to withstand a 250,000-pound load. They
are embedded with an LED lighting system that is responsive to
movement on the roads, which can potentially warn drivers of road-
blocks and other hazards. The blocks are installed like puzzle piec-
es, with all wiring and subsequent maintenance placed under-
ground. Seems like a novel concept, right?
That was what the nearly 50,000 backers thought when they col-
lectively donated more than $2.2 million to the technology via its
crowdfunding Indiegogo campaign more than twice its goal. This
was also possible due to a creative marketing campaign video that
went viral. But despite this success, Solar Roadways has attract-
ed criticism throughout the industry, mainly because the inventors
have not provided any real costs or implementation strategies. We
went to our social media audience with this issues Big Question:
Why do you think solar roadways are or are not a viable technolo-
gy? (Some responses have been edited for clarity.)
KURT VEREKER
The concept was interesting, however, I think
what was lacking was a cost breakdown and a
comparison to some other technologies that
could use the same amount of money. This is
the main question I had the whole way through the sales pitch, cost,
but very little data communicated this. Without this information
it might as well be a home shopping advertisement. The concept:
great, the pitch: sounded great, but what about the numbers?
The Big Question
Renewable Energy stakeholders weigh in on worldwide issues
Credit: Solar Roadways.
LinkedIn
1409REW_25 25 9/11/14 11:12 AM
The Big Question

CARL GLASS
We need these wild ideas to have hope of getting out of our current system of
using dirty energy that keeps the rich getting richer. There are many reasons
why solar highways wont work, but if the problems are overcome. We might
avoid the need to discuss who will ultimately pay for the external costs that coal
and oil companies avoid.
BOB AXFORD
This is a complex idea in terms of requirements and engineering. It needs time
and money. I have no idea whether an insurmountable problem will be found
whether it be technological or fnancial. However in my view it looks promising,
the rewards may be great, and it warrants resources to more closely defne what
is on offer at various stages as the technology matures (as long as it continues to
look promising).
CAMILLE DAVIS
It would be a good idea for everyone to stop hyping up this fantastical idea. I
have seen the videos and was just as excited as everyone else; this is it, our green
solution, the world is saved! But then, I began to think:
Glass cannot replace asphalt, the material properties are simply unsuitable for
driving. Try braking from 60 mph on glass, add in a light rain, and we will have
cars sliding off the roads.
Putting cars over a solar panel means light is not actually getting to the solar
panel, which is not effcient, especially in heavy traffc. There is a reason most
solar panels are placed on roofs.
There is no way these solar roadways could melt thick snow its simply too
much energy.
We do need to rethink our electrical grid, but making an electrical grid the
size of the transportation network is thinking a little too big.
And the list goes on and on.
Please, lets stop pouring all of our hopes and money into one all-encompass-
ing solution. We have made a huge mess of the environment and one quick fx
is not going to do the trick. How about focusing our ideas on carbon capture? Or
making sure that the Clean Carbon Plan actually goes through so we can cut our
emissions? Or if you are looking for some high-tech fashy clever invention, look
into nanotechnology and the work that is being done on batteries. Either way,
solar roadways, as they are currently being built and presented, are not the solu-
tion. Lets move on.
JOSIMAR HERRERA MORENO
Looks like a very ambitious and promising idea, but I have some questions: Are these
really feasible for tires in terms of security during rainy days and winter season?
1409REW_26 26 9/11/14 11:12 AM
Orange County Convention Center West Halls // Orlando, Fl // www.renewableenergyworld-events.com
REGISTER BY OCTOBER 6 AND SAVE $105
Register @ RenewableEnergyWorld-events.com
Were breaking out of the vertical energy mindset and dividing up
the renewable energy market by size, application and region.
Large-scale Renewables Track: covering baseload and multi-

megawatt-scale renewable energy projects and applications
Distributed Generation Track: looks at smaller commercial and

behind-the-meter applications of renewable energy
Utility Integration Track: covers all permitting and interconnection

issues including integrating energy storage with renewables, net-
metering, and more
Renewables and the Global Market Track: examining how

renewables are impacting emerging markets and how they are
solving energy issues worldwide
Innovative Energy Partnerships Track: looking at how renewable

energy and fossil fuels can work together
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1409REW_27 27 9/11/14 11:12 AM
I guess that current tires are made of materials friendly with roadways
made of the corresponding existing materials, but what about with the pro-
posed type of roadways?
Then, when the creators say: When the panels get damaged, it would liter-
ally take just a few minutes for it to be replaced, I ask What kind of damages
will be fxed this fast? Simple damages like what?
BRYAN LIN
Like all new technologies, frst of all we dont know exactly what the costs
are to deploy this concept on a large scale. Will it be more expensive at
frst because there is no infrastructure setup to deploy this technology?
Will there, on the other hand, be economies of scale if Solar Roadways is
deployed on a large scale?
We also dont fully understand the value that it can provide! As this tech-
nology is much more than a replacement for roads, it can turn roads into a
data outlet that can provide a constant stream of new information.
Imagine if someday it was used to display advertisements and / or traffc
information on the road!
Since this is a technology that provides higher value at higher cost, it
probably will be deployed, at frst, selectively at some limited locations
where it can provide the most value. For example, dynamic high traffc
areas with abundant sunlight.
MICHAEL AXFORD
I believe the idea is fantastic. Unfortunately our current political and econom-
ic systems are not geared to develop good ideas. The idea has to make some-
one a fortune before it will be considered viable. Projects like these are worth
doing, in my opinion, however until money becomes no obstacle we are cur-
tailed by the proft motive. Much like how nobody really knew how awesome
tablets and smartphones would be until several years after they hit the mar-
ket, this technology will probably face the same barriers.
PAMELA CARGILL @CHAOLYST
Americans look for silver bullets that can solve everything
in one fell swoop. This campaign appealed to that. Thats
the takeaway.
ROBERT JAN @RJVANVUGT
Yes, they are possible. Do they make economic sense? Very often not.
Twitter
The Big Question

1409REW_28 28 9/11/14 11:12 AM
SYLVIA WADLINGTON
The transportation model no longer works. Building solar
roads and highways will create jobs, changing car designs
doesnt really do anything but put off major changes needed
to move transportation into the future.
JEN JEWEL BROWN
Totally viable in fact, the Solar Roadways technology is one of the few trans-
portation-energy fusions that might work. All it takes is a leap of the imagina-
tion and some good crowd and government funding.
BARRY SARGEANT
Solar Roadways could get a great start with car parks, but high-speed
roads may present problems. This technology needs further investigation
and testing.
Facebook

To lend your voice to future discussions, email megc@pennwell.com for more details.

The Big Question
1409REW_29 29 9/11/14 11:12 AM
DAVID APPLEYARD, Contributing Editor
As markets for solar PV inverters become more com-
petitive, manufacturers are being forced to adapt in a
bid to maintain revenues or hold market share. This is
a trend that has been evident for some years now. As
far back as 2012, Dexter Gauntlett, now a senior ana-
lyst with Navigant Research, noted: Inverter compa-
nies must increase functionality, reduce cost, and dif-
ferentiate themselves from the growing competition.
He explained that while industry incumbentshave the
advantage of size and market reach, disruptive tech-
nological innovation by well-funded start-ups and
early-stage companieswas rapidly changing the
face of the industry.
Intelligent
Inverters
Stealing the Show
COVER STORY
As the brains of the operation,
inverters are rapidly adding value
to PV system architecture by enhancing
communications, control and interaction
to deliver a wealth of new services, as
well as product diferentiation. In the
cut-throat competition for markets,
inverter manufacturers are wising up.
1409REW_30 30 9/11/14 11:13 AM
Innotech Solars Hnigsberg
Industrial Park PV installation.
1409REW_31 31 9/11/14 11:13 AM
COVER S TORY
Collectively China and Japan represented 35 percent of global PV
inverter revenue in 2013 and Asian suppliers have dominated
their domestic markets. Factors such as brand loyalty, tough cer-
tifcation requirements in Japan and low pricing in China, have
prevented international suppliers from gaining a signifcant foot-
hold in these markets.
This is in contrast to the U.S., where IHS found domestic man-
ufacturers are losing market share as overseas manufactur-
ers break into North America, led by European players as they
scramble for revenue in the face
of a market shift away from
their home turf.
The rate at which the solar
landscape has transformed has
been incredible, and it has ini-
tiated a major shift in the com-
petitive environment for PV
inverter suppliers, said Sam
Wilkinson, solar research man-
ager at IHS. He added: As
growth from China and Japan
continues to outpace the global
A Market in Flux
Two years on, and this fore-
cast has been largely borne
out. True, manufacturers are
rapidly increasing the func-
tionality of their inverters,
making the brains of solar
PV far more sophisticated and
allowing product differenti-
ation. Its also true that cost
competition is keener than
ever before, but the market is
undergoing transformation
in other, perhaps unforeseen,
regards, too. According to IHS
Technology, the number of
Asian companies appearing
among the worlds 10 larg-
est photovoltaic (PV) invert-
er suppliers doubled in 2013,
with four appearing from
China and Japan, compared
with just two in 2012 and
none in 2011.
IHS argues this is a result
of rising demand for PV
inverters from Asian markets
that accounts for a growing
share of the global market.
Through MPP tracking, power
optimizers minimize power
losses from partial shading.
Credit: SolarEdge.
1409REW_32 32 9/11/14 11:13 AM
COVER S TORY
market in 2014, both Chinese and Japanese suppliers are like-
ly to further improve their positions in 2014. He further noted:
the world is likely to see many of these suppliers play a greater
role in markets outside Asia over the next two to three years.
On Europe, Wilkinson observed: Annual PV inverter reve-
nues from Europe have halved in the last two years, creating an
extremely tough competitive environment, and many of the lead-
ing names from fve years ago have vanished from todays list of
leading suppliers.
Overall, inverter market revenue remained broadly fat in
2013. Together, the top three countries China, Japan and the
U.S. generated $1.7 billion more in earnings in 2013 than in
2012 $4.1 billion compared with $2.4 billion. However, the
increasingly competitive environment has resulted in rapid price
erosion for example average U.S. prices declined nearly 20
percent in 2013 and, despite the boost in earnings, there was
a $60 million decline in 2013 global net revenue, IHS said.
The growth of China, Japan and the United States was a stark
contrast to the declines recorded elsewhere in the world, where
reduced and cancelled subsidy schemes have signifcantly curtailed
demand, particularly in Europe, Wilkinson concluded, adding:
The combined markets of the U.S., Japan and China grew by an
incredible 74 percent in 2013,
but this was not quite suffcient
to prevent the global market
from declining overall.
The global PV inverter rev-
enue shrank by slightly less
than 1 percent in 2013, IHS
fgures show.
Inverter giant, SMA Solar
Technology AG, serves as per-
haps the best example of the
tough conditions faced by
major solar systems manu-
facturers in the current eco-
nomic climate.
SMA was forced to lower
its fscal 2014 outlook at
the end of July, as well as
announcing its intentions to
layoff some 600 employees
by the end of 2015 and down-
size a further 400 from sales,
Greenhouses in Grenada
with PV in the background.
1409REW_33 33 9/11/14 11:13 AM
COVER S TORY
administration and operations. SMA warned that it could no lon-
ger rule out the possibility of a loss this year and at best expects
to break even.
Indeed, the company posted low-end forecast losses of approx-
imately 45 million for this year, having previously anticipated
annual operating earnings of 20 million. SMA also lowered its
2014 sales guidance to a range of 850-950 million, from the
prior estimate of 1.0-1.3 billion.
Its management board believes that developments over the next
few months will be far more dynamic than in the frst half of 2014.
Explaining the nature of the crisis, SMA chief executive offcer,
Pierre-Pascal Urbon, said: We expect to see a stagnation in the
worldwide demand for PV systems for 2014 as a whole. Particu-
larly in the core markets in Europe, demand has collapsed even
further than expected due to further cuts in subsidies.
In 2014, the most important foreign markets include North
America, Japan and China. Together, these markets are expect-
ed to account for 60 percent of the global market. The cut-throat
competition is keeping pricing pressure high in the industry,
added Urbon.
Demand for solar power systems worldwide increased by
approximately 25 percent to over 40 GW in 2013, but with a 50 per-
cent drop in the European market, SMA said. More recent fgures
for the frst half of 2014 reveal that in Germany alone, demand fell
40 percent year-on-year while
consolidated earnings for the
period amounted to a loss of
close to 45 million.
Te Industry Reacts
There is evidence of mar-
ket consolidation as compa-
nies attempt to cut costs. For
example, in response to its
poor results forecast, SMA
said it will take further advan-
tage of the recent strategic
alliance with Danfoss, which
was completed in late May.
The goal is to strengthen
their cost positions through
economies of scale and
through joint development
initiatives, the companies
said. According to the plans,
Danfoss will acquire 20 per-
cent of SMAs outstanding
shares, amounting to some
302 million, and in return
sell its entire solar inverter
business to SMA.
Elsewhere, power systems
giant ABB completed its acqui-
sition of Power-One in July last
year at $6.35 a share or just
over $1 billion in equity value,
including net cash of $266 mil-
lion. At the time Ulrich Spiess-
hofer, head of ABBs Discrete
Automation and Motion divi-
sion, into which Power-One
will be integrated, noted: The
combination of these two suc-
cessful companies will cre-
ate signifcant value-driven
growth based on innovation
Busch Stadium solar install by Microgrid Energy using Enphase
microinverters. Credit: Enphase.
1409REW_34 34 9/11/14 11:13 AM
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1409REW_35 35 9/11/14 2:14 PM
COVER S TORY
which means inverters offer opportunities for differentiation
global reach, high quality and technology leadership.
At the end of April ABB said that it was selling the Power Solu-
tions business of Power-One to Bel Fuse for approximately $117
million, though holding on to the solar inverter business, which
it said is core to its renewable strategy.
There are other examples, but at heart solar PV is a technol-
ogy-led industry, so its no surprise that the manufacturers of
inverters, the central and cleverest part of solar PV architecture,
have also turned to technology to maintain a competitive edge.
A raft of new products, designed to appeal to a more demand-
ing and diverse customer base, have been launched in recent
months, the majority of which look to increase the sophistication
of the inverter offering.
By far the most infuential development of recent years is of
course the emergence of module level power electronics (MLPEs)
such as microinverters or power optimizers.
According to a February report from Navigant Research,
annual installations of MLPE capacity will grow from 1185 MW
in 2013 to close in on 13 GW by 2020.
Navigants Gauntlett noted: The MLPE industry is moving quick-
ly, with a growing list of solar PV module manufacturers now
integrating microinverters and
DC optimizers at their own
production plants.
With module level net-
working and communications
technology, microinverters
and DC optimizers are play-
ing an increasingly signifcant
role in improving grid reli-
ability and the overall ener-
gy harvest of solar PV proj-
ects, their analysis suggests.
Indeed, Navigant considers
MLPE essential for integrat-
ing large amounts of renew-
able energy onto the grid.
TV SD also recent-
ly noted that cost reduc-
tions associated with the use
of smart PV modules have
prominently increased the
advantage of using these
SolarEdge inverters enable more flexible designs, enhanced safety and
real-time performance monitoring. Credit: SolarEdge.
Microinverters on a rooftop solar
installation. Credit: Enphase.
1409REW_36 36 9/11/14 11:13 AM
COVER S TORY
modules, triggering a major trend in their development.
Mark Abrams, director of product management in the U.S.
for microinverter manufacturer, Enphase Energy, explained:
Because we convert the power at every module we truly opti-
mize each modules performance, therefore we get a better har-
vest out of the array.
He argues that microinverters are also inherently more reliable
than string inverters because of the distributive nature. Abram
adds that Enphase, which recently launched a 250 Wp AC fourth
generation unit, is investing a signifcant amount in reliability:
Our belief is that over time [reliability is] the thing that will sep-
arate the strong inverter players, those who survive, from those
who dont make it. Quality, reliability will be a big factor.
A single microinverter failure has very nominal impact to
even a residential array, but we want to make it so they simply
dont fail.
Lior Handelsman is founder of SolarEdge, a company that pro-
vides end-to-end distributed solar power optimization and PV
monitoring solutions. He explained that his companys DC power
optimizer handles DC electronics at the module level, like microin-
verters delivering optimized array performance, improved safety
and so forth, but combined with a separate string inverter, which
has its attendant advantages in respect of grid management.
Handelsman highlights the grid-friendly advantages, not-
ing the June launch of its new smart energy management system.
This feature dynamically adjusts PV power production, ensur-
ing that power output to the grid does not exceed pre-set limits,
for example by increasing self-consumption through storage or
water heating. Handelsman said that SolarEdge, which accounted
for 80 percent of the glob-
al DC optimizer market in
2013 and claims 20 percent of
the overall U.S. inverter mar-
ket, expects to deliver 1 GW of
product capacity this year.
He explained the rapid-
ly changing dynamics of the
sector: The inverter market
is quickly evolving, in terms
of added value. The inverter
used to be a device that only
performed DC to AC conver-
sion and now we see more
and more functions being
added to inverters. He cited
examples such as interaction
with the grid, safety functions
such as arc detection and
fre safety, as well as man-
aging elements such as stor-
age, additional power sources
such as gensets and con-
sumption optimization.
In a market like this, com-
panies can offer increasing
value and the market is less
sensitive to [the] price erosion
that we saw with modules,
DC power optimizers are easily installed and reduce part
count. Credit: SolarEdge.
ITSs cell optimization technique uses three in-
laminate IC chips. Credit: Innotech Solar.
1409REW_37 37 9/11/14 11:13 AM
COVER S TORY
he noted, adding: If you want to survive as an inverter compa-
ny you have to make the inverters very interactive, very smart and
new topologies like power optimizers are, I think, the way to do it.
Major Players Respond
Naturally enough, in the face of such a challenge, longer-estab-
lished manufacturers have sought to expand the capabilities of
their own products.
For example Thomas Enzendorfer, director of solar energy at
Fronius USA, said: The real breakthrough that we are seeing
in the industry right now is much more on the communications
side, the interface side. He highlighted additional functional-
ity such as supplying reactive power to the grid, but also noted
the recent launch of his companys FE series, explaining: This
is our approach to module-level electronics and a module-level
approach to communication.
Supporting both string and MLPE architecture up to 12-kW
capacity Enzendorfer said of the FE series: We believe that this
strategy will provide the most seamless and bankable solution.
He added: It provides a strong opportunity to add value to the
solar ecosystem by combining both module and inverter control
onto a single platform.
Other established players have recently launched more sophis-
ticated products, too. For instance, Schneider Electric Solar Busi-
ness introduced the next generation of its Conext XW Hybrid
inverter in the summer. Specifcally designed for backup power,
grid-tied solar with backup and micro-grids in mind, the range
features single-phase or three-phase system sizes up to 102 kW.
SMAs Urbon even highlighted some technological bright spots,
saying: The frst products of a new generation of SMA inverters will
be launched in the frst quarter of 2015. In July, the company com-
missioned a new 3.2-MW test-bed project near its HQ in Niestetal,
Germany and it launched a microinverter line back in 2011.
New approaches are also emerging, for instance Innotech
Solar has recently developed a module that uses three in-lami-
nate IC chips to optimize the output of just 20 solar cells connect-
ed in series. The company claims a lifetime improvement in yield
of up to 20 percent.
Knud Clausen, global product manager at Innotech Solar
explained: In standard modules, if a single cell underper-
forms due to factors such as shading or soiling, this compromis-
es the yield of the entire string. However, intelligent microchips
laminated into our new
SmartPlus modules ensure
that PV installations generate
the maximum possible output
power right down at cell level
not just at module level as
is the case with conventional
power optimizers.
It is clear that the invert-
er sector is focused on mak-
ing its products smarter, with
more functionality in terms
of communications and inter-
action with both the grid and
other ancillaries such as stor-
age. As a result, while mar-
ket conditions are extreme-
ly competitive there are still
clear opportunities, partic-
ularly given overall global
growth. Indeed, even those
markets that appear subdued
right now can still be seen
as attractive. As Enphases
Abrams said: We look at
Europe, for example, as a
market full of opportunity
and Im not sure every invert-
er maker would say that. He
explained that in terms of
optimal sites for solar installa-
tions much of the low-hanging
fruit has already been devel-
oped, but now its time for
the Enphase roofs he said.
Our view is that as solar
becomes more and more cost
effective, especially for those
applications that werent obvi-
ous in the frst pass, thats
going to be a great business
opportunity.
1409REW_38 38 9/11/14 11:13 AM
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1409REW_39 39 9/11/14 11:13 AM
WI ND POWER
The Big and Booming
Business of Keeping Wind
Turbines Spinning
According to some estimates, wind farm operations and
maintenance is growing by 40 GW per year and is expected to
reach 555 GW by 2023 making it an exciting and lucrative industry.
ELISA WOOD, Contributing Editor
If you build it, they will come they being all of those who will
keep what you built working properly. And for the wind indus-
try, they have arrived, the many companies emerging to oper-
ate and maintain the more than 318 GW installed worldwide.
True, operations & maintenance (O&M) may not sound like
a sexy industry. But when it comes to industry growth and
trends, wind O&M is an exciting space right now.
Why? Consider the numbers.
Wcrldwide wihd ihslallalichs grew ly a cumulalive 2o.2 er-
cent over 18 years, with a particularly strong uptick since
29 (Clclal Wihd Lhergy Ccuhcil).
Mahulaclurer warrahlies usually ruh lrcm chly lwc lc lve
years cl lhe lyical 2-year lilesah cl a wihd larm.
Thcse warrahlies have exired ch mcre lhah hall cl lhe
wind megawatts now operating, (Navigant Researchs World
Marlel Udale 213.)
Wilh warrahlies ehdihg, wihd larm cwhers are lell lc lgure
out what to do about O&M. Voila a huge market opportunity
lcr lhcse whc cah maihlaih ahd lx lurlihe gear lcxes, geher-
ators, rotors, brakes and other parts of the wind turbine.
Further, the O&M market for onshore wind will continue
lc grcw ly a whcihg 4 CW er year, crealihg a 355
CW marlel ly 218 ahd 555 CW marlel ly 223, acccrdihg
to Navigant.
This offers a new revenue stream for an industry whose
manufacturing and development sectors suffered a setback
with the world economic downturn.
1409REW_40 40 9/11/14 11:13 AM
Duke energy maintains a fleet of
15 wind farms, which have an
installed capacity of 1,700 MW.
Credit: Duke Energy.
The market for O&M actually provides more stable mar-
gins compared with turbine manufacturing, said Feng Zhao,
research director for BTM Consult, a part of Navigant. 40 GW
is a lot of business opportunity.
Indeed, Navigant forecasts an 11.6 billion [US $15.5 billion]
worldwide market for onshore wind O&M by 2023, up from 3.3
billion in 2013.
Competition Fierce
A few different O&M business models have emerged. Wind
farms nearing the end of their warranties must decide which
model will serve them best.
In some cases, utilities and wind farm owners re-sign con-
tracts with the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). In
other cases, they develop in-house O&M operations. Still others
contract with the growing number of independent service pro-
viders forming around the new industry.
Many familiar names in wind equipment manufacturing
are trying to capture pieces of the O&M market. Among them
are Enercon, Gamesa, GE Wind, Goldwind, Nordex, Siemens,
Suzlon Group, United Power and Vestas, according to Navigant.
Meanwhile, wind development companies like EDF Renew-
able Energy have set up independent service providers.
The O&M market is hot right now, saidDalen Copeland,
director of business development for EDF Renewable Services.
There have been, and there will be, at least through the end of
2015 when the PTC is no longer available, a lot of assets installed
in the U.S. and the rest of the North America. And there has
been signifcant growth over the last few years in the renewable
assets installed and therefore coming out of warranty soon.
Copeland described the competition as ferce with turbine
manufacturers facing slowing turbine sales globally and there-
fore refocusing their businesses on O&M services.
EDF Renewable Services operates in North America and
plans to expand into South America. The company has been in
the O&M business for more than 25 years, initially because tur-
bine manufacturers werent interested or able to perform O&M
on all of the turbines they sold, according to Copeland.
Weve stayed in the business because we think we offer a
unique alternatives to owners who want OEM level stability and
sophistication of service, but with the transparency that comes
from a company that isnt married to a particular technology.
1409REW_41 41 9/11/14 11:13 AM
WI ND POWER
In other words, we can tell an owner when we think a machine
is underperforming because of a design or installation issue,
Copeland said.
The company now provides O&M for 8 GW, not just wind but
also solar, biomass, and biogas.With 500 technicians, EDF Renew-
able Services performs a range of services from pre-commission-
ing support through end-of-asset-life care, including scheduled and
unscheduled turbine maintenance, balance of plant maintenance,
remote monitoring and resets from its operations and control cen-
ter, engineering and SCADA support, and asset administration.
Several independent service providers also can be found
in Europe and Asia, among them the Netherlands Bettink Service
Team and Green Energy Services; Spains General Power Services
and Weir, YES and Greeces EN.TE.KA, according to Navigant.
How to Choose?
Navigant points out pros and cons for wind farms to consider in
deciding whether to go it alone, or contract with a manufacturer
or independent.
Going it alone allows the
wind farm to maintain con-
trol of the asset and fully
understand its O&M costs,
which could lead to savings.
On the other hand, perform-
ing O&M means that the wind
farms business operation is
now more complex.
Equipment manufacturers
are a good choice because
they have access to spare
parts and proprietary data.
But their services can be
expensive over the long term.
Independents tend to price
competitively and are draw-
ing experienced employees,
but they often do not have the
Photo of the Narragansett Bay
Commission (NBC) wastewater
treatment facilitys three wind
turbines in Providence, RI.
Credit: Goldwind.
1409REW_42 42 9/11/14 11:13 AM
Conference & Exhibition
1 3 September 2015
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1409REW_43 43 9/11/14 11:13 AM
WI ND POWER
Ofshore Wind
O&M Adds Even
More Complexity
Since the spring of 2012,
DONG Energy has been
gradually taking over the
operation and maintenance of
the 400-MW Anholt Offshore
Wind Farm located between
DjurslandandAnholtisland in
Denmark.
In the frst fve-year warranty
period, DONG Energy will be
responsible for maintenance of
the wind farm in cooperation
with turbine supplier Siemens
Wind Power, but after the
warranty expires, DONG
Energy will assume the full
responsibility for O&M at the site,
creating jobs for approximately
50 turbine technicians. Including
vessel crews, storage
and administrative
functions, a total of
70 people will be
employed as part of the
O&M organization.
O&M for the Anholt
Offshore Wind Farm
is operated on-site
from a pair of new
offces as well as a
storage and workshop
facility, plus changing
rooms for the service
personnel in Grenaa. With
a location right on the quay,
service technicians have direct
access to the service vessels.
Monitoring takes place from
shore the wind turbines
built-in monitoring system is
able to diagnose errors, and if
necessary, shut down the wind
turbine in case of
a critical error.
All information
on site conditions
such as wind
speed, wind
direction and
wave height
including status
and production of
each wind turbine
is collected by a central DCS
(distributed control system),
which is connected to the
internal monitoring system of
each wind turbine.
In the summer scheduled
servicing takes place, with
technicians working intensive
12-hour shifts per day for seven
days straight and then taking a
seven-day break. Inspections
include typical performance
and safety tests, replacement
of flters, lubrication, inspection
of bolts, replacement of brake
pads and oil changes in the
gearboxes and hydraulic
systems. During the winter,
technicians only perform
repairs and start up turbines
that have become faulty.
An offshore engineer from DONG Energy
climbs the transmission piece at the foot of a
464ft (141.6m) turbine. Credit: DONG Energy.
The Anholt Offshore Wind Farms 111 turbines
cover an area of 88km2. Credit: DONG Energy.
1409REW_44 44 9/11/14 11:13 AM
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
13
900
14 15 16 17
Source: BTM Consult - a part of Navigant, March 2014
18 19 20 21 22 23
GW
Off-warranty
In-warranty
Global Onshore O&M Market 2013-2023
(20 years operation scenario)
EDF Renewable Services
858.521.3575 | O&Mbusdev@edf-re.com
www.edf-renewable-services.com
EX EX EX EX EX EX EX EX EX EX EXPE PE PE PE PE PE PE PE PE PE PERT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RTIS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS ISEEEEEEEEEEE ||||||||||| CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO COMM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MMIT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT ITME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME MENT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT ||||||||||| IIIIIIIIIIINN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NNOV OV OV OV OV OV OV OV OV OV OVAT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT ATIO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IONNNNNNNNNNN
EDF Renewable Services understands renewable energy facilities represent
a substantial investment. With 25 years of experience and over 8,000 MW
of energy under contract in North America, we are the trusted leader to
optimize plant performance, maximize availability, and minimize downtime.
OPTIMIZE AVAILABILITY | MAXIMIZE PROFITABILITY | ANALYZE PERFORMANCE
25 YEARS OF
O&M EXPERTISE
AND EXPERIENCE
WI ND POWER
same access to data and sup-
plies as the manufacturer,
and they may be small and
undercapitalized, according
to Navigant.
Duke Energy, the U.S. larg-
est electric power holding
company, adopted two of the
options simultaneously. The
company made the decision to
keep its services in-house, but
also go with an independent
service provider. It did this
by acquiring Outland Energy
Services, a Minnesota-based
independent since 2005. It has
since folded Outland into Duke
Energy Renewables.
Growth of the global onshore wind market for O&M, in-warranty and
off-warranty: 2013-2023. Credit: BTM Consult, Navigant.
1409REW_45 45 9/11/14 11:13 AM
WI ND POWER
of the assets that we do, added Jeff Wehner, vice president of
operations, Duke Energy Renewables.
Fixing from Afar
Duke also works on a range of technologies, while many other
companies specialize in one or two, Wehner said. The servic-
es range from short-term a la carte arrangements to long-term
contracts where Duke controls a facilitys operations.
One of its most interesting services involves a monitor-
ing station located at Dukes headquarters in Charlotte, North
Carolina. The station remotely watches Dukes wind farms
around the United States, as well as those under contract.
On the screen in Charlotte, Duke can spot and troubleshoot prob-
lems on any of the given wind farms. Sometimes they can fx the
problem from the monitoring station, if it involves resetting equip-
ment, for example. Other times they contact onsite technicians, or
Dukes mobile team, to undertake the repairs at the wind farm.
What we really try to focus on is condition-based mainte-
nance. There are all sorts of monitors on these turbines. We
look at things like temperature and vibration and hopefully
fnd issues before they become bigger issues, Wehner said.
Radically Different Approach
Meanwhile, an entirely different route is being taken by the
North American subsidiary of Chinas giant wind company
The company main-
tains Dukes feet of 15
wind farms, which have an
installed capacity of 1,700
MW (and another 400 MW of
capacity under construction),
representing a $2.5 billion
investment. And at the same
time, it also handles O&M
for about 300 MW of outside
wind farms. For example,
Duke recently signed a long-
term deal with Consumers
Energy to service its 105-MW
Cross Winds Energy Project,
under construction in Tusco-
la County, Mich.
We see this market in
operations as a strategic
part of our business model,
said Greg Wolf, president of
Duke Energy Renewables.
We see opportunity.
He added that Dukes frst
priority is to ensure that its
wind operations are operat-
ing at best performance and
at least cost. Because its feet
is so large, it enjoys scale in
the market, and offers its
O&M customers the benefts
of that scale.
Over the past 18 months
weve positioned ourselves
uniquely in the marketplace.
We focus as an asset owner
on the production and safe-
ty of our workers. We can
translate that over to our
customers, who dont neces-
sarily have the same expe-
rience and understanding
Wind service technicians in front of a wind turbine. Credit: Duke Energy.
1409REW_46 46 9/11/14 11:13 AM
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Goldwind. Wind farms that use Goldwinds turbine need far
less O&M than most because the machines operate under a
direct-drive system. That means no gear box, which is the
most maintenance-heavy component, according to David Hal-
ligan, CEO of Goldwind USA.
Its about effciency, getting costs down, lower mainte-
nance, and a lower labor requirement, Halligan said.
A Goldwind turbine achieves a 20 percent savings over its
lifetime on O&M because of the lack of gear box and other eff-
ciencies built into the machine, he said.
Further, because the machines are direct drive, they
are well-suited for distributed generation. They do not
require a grid connection to excite a generator; the turning
of the rotor excites the generator. As a result, Goldwind
turbines can be found serving food processing plants, waste
water treatment facilities and similar large energy users
that are located in windy places and may want to go 100
percent renewable.
Clearly, the O&M indus-
try is a big new big play
whether its the approach of
EDF Renewable Services and
Duke to better service the
machines or the position-
ing of Goldwind USA to pro-
vide machines that can be
serviced less.
After years of develop-
ment, a massive feet of wind
turbines are whirring. Now
its time to make sure they
operate as effectively as pos-
sible for as long as possible.
A new and growing O&M
industry is rising to the occa-
sion to get the job done.
1409REW_47 47 9/11/14 11:13 AM
The plunging costs of solar
systems and the broad availability
of sunlight mean that rooftop systems
are increasingly able to compete with
electricity from the grid around the country.
NOW
NEAR TERM
1-3 years
LATER
4+ years
p
o
i
n
t
s
d
a
t
a
1409REW_48 48 9/11/14 11:13 AM
CREDIT: Union of Concerned Scientists.
Average rooftop
system cost
INSTALLING ROOFTOP SOLAR PANELS
HAS NEVER BEEN MORE AFFORDABLE
THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
WITH ROOFTOP SOLAR IS SKYROCKETING
And
because most
people lease,
installation costs $0
See more about Affordable, Available Rooftop Solar here.
Since 2007, the cost of
installing an average-
sized rooftop solar
system has nearly
halved. In fact, after
accounting for tax
credits, rebates, and
other support, in
leading states a 5-kW
system could cost
homeowners less than
$10,000
In 2006, some 30,000 U.S.
homes had rooftop solar
systems. By 2013, that
number had grown over 1000
percent to almost 400,000
homes. Projections from the
U.S. Energy Information
Administration suggest
were headed to almost
1 million homes by 2020.
$10 K
$0 K
2005 2007 2009 2011 2006 2008 2010 2012 2013
$20 K
2006
30,000 homes
2013
400,000 homes
2020
900,0003.8 million
homes
$30 K
$40 K
1409REW_49 49 9/11/14 2:32 PM
RENEWABLE S I N THE DEVELOPI NG WORLD
Electrifying Kenya:
How One African Country
Is Approaching Renewable
Energy Development
Kenya has taken some major steps to boost its renewable energy
production recently, according to reports. However, confusion
about projects and the governments ambiguous
energy policy is overshadowing excitement.
SHERELLE JACOBS, International Correspondent
Kenyas renewable energy ambitions have attracted growing
attention in recent months. There has been a strong uptick in
interest in the countrys wind energy potential in particular.
Last year, Kenyas Ministry of Energy and Petroleum said in an
investment prospectus for 2013-2016 that it plans to boost wind
power generation by 630 MW as part of its target to increase
electricity levels by 5000 MW by 2016. In March, the Kenyan
government also signed a fnancing document for the largest
private investment in Kenya. The Lake Turkana Wind Proj-
ect (LTWP) in northeastern Kenya, spanning 40,000 acres,
will provide the countrys national grid with 300 MW of wind
power capacity, or a ffth of the countrys installed electrici-
ty capacity. Construction is due to begin imminently and the
facility is expected to be online by 2016. Three hundred and
sixty fve wind turbines will generate the energy at the farm.
All is progressing very well now and hopefully the long
awaited fnal notice to proceed on the transmission line will
be in place this week, said Carlo Van Wegeningen, Chairman,
Lake Turkana Wind Power. This is the last CP we are wait-
ing for to allow to proceed and commence construction, he
added. According to Van Wegeningen, the project will have
huge benefts. It will increase the power generation capacity
to the country by 17 percent.
At US $0.09 per kWh LTWP
will be the cheapest new and
clean source of power in the
country after geothermal,
he said. Todays average cost
of power in Kenya stands at
approximately US $0.12 per
1409REW_50 50 9/11/14 11:13 AM
Kenya cityscape from above.
Credit: Shutterstock.
kWh. LTWP will save the Kenyan economy some $150 million
a year in fuel replacement costs. It will contribute $1 billion in
income tax payments over the life of the project, Van Wegenin-
gen added.
As well as the Lake Turkana farm, a number of other wind
power projects are in the pipeline in Kenya. They include the
Kipeto Wind Project in the Rift Valley Province, which will
have a capacity over 100 MW; a 90-MW Electrawinds project
in Lamu; and the 61-MW
Kinangop wind farm project
in central Kenya under UK-
based wind turbine supplier
Aeolus Power.
Kenyas wind energy poten-
tial is high, say experts. Wind
speeds of as much as eight to
1409REW_51 51 9/11/14 11:13 AM
RENE WABLE S I N THE DE VELOPI NG WORLD
14 meters per second are being recorded in several areas of the
country, making wind-powered electricity production attractive
on a commercial level as well as an environmental one. The gov-
ernment is keen to boost its intelligence about the best sites for
wind farms and has set up 61 wind masts and data loggers all
over the country over the last three years to this end. It plans to
erect 34 more this year. After gathering suffcient information,
the state plans to offer the best sites for wind power generation
up to investors.
Solar Power On the Grid Not as Strong
In contrast to Kenyas booming wind power sector, Kenyas
solar policy has been beset with confusion. In January, The
Guardian reported that the country planned to source half of
its energy from solar by 2016 through a plan to invest $1.2 bil-
lion jointly with private frms to install nine major solar power
plants across the country. The government has announced
no such plans. On the other
side of the spectrum, in
November last year there
were media reports that
the countrys government
had suspended new licens-
es for solar plants and wind
farms until 2017 and would
focus on cheaper non-renew-
able energy sources instead
in a bid to slash electrici-
ty costs. Insiders deny that
this is the case. There is no
sign that there is any off-
cial moratorium, no high
ranking offcial has said so.
Kenya seems very much still
Acacia tree and green grass of Lewa
Conservancy with Mt. Kenya in
background, North Kenya, Africa.
1409REW_52 52 9/11/14 11:13 AM
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1409REW_53 53 9/11/14 1:17 PM
in the document and on-grid solar has no mention at all. The
government effectively foresees that solar will contribute zero
percent of power generation on-grid, he adds.
Ondraczek also points out that the governments preference for
wind energy over solar is considerable.
Wind has been around for longer than solar and people are
only just starting to lobby properly for solar projects in Kenya.
The state also sometimes points to some evidence that suggests
wind is more competitive than solar but this is based on outdat-
ed numbers. Technology and costs improvements are constant-
ly being made when it comes to solar and it is catching up with
wind, he added.
Insuffcient subsidies for solar projects have prevented the
industry from really taking off, argues Ondraczek. Despite
the fact that feed-in tariffs have been in place for a few years
nothing signifcant has really happened because of insuffcient
subsidies, Ondraczek said. The tariffs for sale are not suf-
fcient to facilitate any major uptake, he added, pointing out
that this is perhaps unsurprising for a sub-Saharan African
open for business in this
regard, said Janosch Ond-
raczek, a researcher on
solar energy in East Afri-
ca and a project manag-
er for renewable projects at
PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Ondraczek points out that
on grid solar energy produc-
tion does not feature in the
aforementioned investment
prospectus and enthusiasm
for solar on a government
level is weak.
There is much less convic-
tion from the government that
this is what they want to pur-
sue, said Ondraczek. There
is very little mention of solar
Power lines in Africa.
1409REW_54 54 9/11/14 11:13 AM
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1409REW_55 55 9/11/14 11:13 AM
country; they have limited funds to play around with subsi-
dies, Ondraczek argues.
Of-grid Solar Steadily Rising
Although the government has limited enthusiasm for on-grid
solar projects, it has pursued a policy of ramping up off-grid
solar production in rural areas as part of its 2009 Rural Electri-
fcation Master Plan. So far around 744 public places in isolat-
ed areas, from health centers to schools, have been hooked up to
off-grid solar power through the initiative. Demand for PV panels
is estimated to have risen by around 200 kW peak. Five off-grid
stations have been put in place and as they enjoy solid internal
rate of returns of 20 percent, the operation is being expanded- to
build new plants and also make existing ones bigger.
The biggest challenge in Kenya is access to electricity in rural
areas so that is why the government has been keen to work in
this area, said Njoka.
The government has spent serious money on this and there is
quite some government momentum and conviction, Ondraczek
also said.
Despite the governments exclusive focus on solar in the con-
text of rural areas, according to experts, solar has huge potential
on-grid as well in Kenya.
There is no question that solar has huge potential both on-
grid and off-grid, said Ondraczek. The level of sunshine, grant-
ed, is not as good as northern Africa but it is still a lot better than
in Europe. A big advantage of solar is that it does not take a long
time to build the infrastructure so it can be rapidly deployed. You
are talking a couple of months rather than a couple of years. If
you consider all that then the reluctance to look beyond the off-
grid niche is not justifed.
The potential for solar is high, Njoka said. The only chal-
lenge is most of the land that could be potential sites for plants
and so on is owned by communities rather than the government.
So negotiating with the community can sometimes be tricky. A
lot of investment is also required for solar PV so that makes some
investors a bit reluctant, he adds.
Nonetheless, there are signs that organizations in the private
sector are showing more and more interest in deploying large
solar projects of their own.
There is basically real potential for solar wherever the gov-
ernment is not involved, said Ondraczek
In May, the British frm
Solarcentury successful-
ly fnished installing a 1-MW
PV plant at the Changoi
Tea Farm in Bomet County,
Kenya. It has gone down in
history as East Africas larg-
est solar project to date.
Williamson Teas solar
farm in Changoi is a shining
example of the opportunity
for solar in Africa, and indeed
the emerging markets, to help
meet the increasing energy
demands of growing econ-
omies, according to Solar-
century CEO Frans van den
Heuvel. Sustainable energy
sources are becoming more
critical especially as the cost
of fossil fuel energy continues
to rise globally, he added.
The installation is expect-
ed to slash the energy costs of
the farms owner, Williamson
Tea, by roughly 30 percent.
The frm will be less depen-
dent on energy from the grid
and costly diesel.
There will probably be
many more of such exam-
ples to come and things are
likely to happen a lot quicker
in this arena than any gov-
ernment initiative, Ondrac-
zek said.
Hope is also being pinned
on Kenyas geothermal
industry. Kenya has huge
potential for geothermal
which has not been tapped,
say observers. Once the
1409REW_56 56 9/11/14 11:13 AM
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the capital, Nairobi. The sites drilling rate is around 40
wells per year. One well has an 18 MW annual capacity. It
is estimated that today the site holds around 280 MW of
geothermal electricity capacity, which site operators aim to
soon double.
The LTWP is also expected to have a positive knock-on effect
on the geothermal industry. The transmission line being con-
structed for LTWP will allow for more geothermal power genera-
tion to access the grid as it will cross the entire Rift Valley, which
is rich in that resource. This will also contribute enormously to
the Countrys rural electrifcation expansion program, said
Van Wegeningen.
According to Ondraczek, the outlook for Kenyas renewable
energy sector is positive, although enthusiasts should expect
reform rather than revolution. There are big developments like
Lake Turkana but overall things are crawling- nonetheless in
the right direction. And we should expect more positive news to
come out of the country over the next few years.
infrastructure is built, the
industry could rival non-
renewable fuel sources like
coal. Out of the renewables,
geothermal is the most reli-
able in the Kenyan context
and it is a quick fx solution,
said Njoka. The country has
estimated geothermal ener-
gy potential to be 10,000
MW, with the cost of devel-
opment of around $4 million
per MW.
Major geothermal projects
underway include one at
Olkaria, Kenyas biggest
geothermal plant, which is
located 80 km northwest of
1409REW_57 57 9/11/14 11:13 AM
t
h
e
A rst-of-its kind, this solar
+ natural gas plant came
online in 2010 and is still
exceeding expectations today.
It boasts 190,000 mirrors and
covers roughly 500 acres.
Sunshine heats fuid in the
tubes, which then produce
steam to turn a turbine and
generate electricity. When
the sun goes down in the eve-
nings, the natural gas portion
of the plant kicks on.
project Proling Stand-out
Renewable Energy
Projects Worldwide
FPLs Martin Next Generation Solar
Energy Center
1.
2.
1409REW_58 58 9/11/14 11:11 AM
1: About 191,000 mirrors over
roughly 500 acres make up about
75 megawatts of capacity to help
offset natural gas usage at the
Martin Next Generation Clean
Energy Center.
2: The combination of solar and
natural gas at FPLs Martin Next
Generation Clean Energy Center
means the company can take
advantage of the sun when it is
shining, while ensuring the plant
is producing power 24/7 to meet
customers needs.
3: FPL protected the natural
environment of the area,
preserving a 450-acre freshwater
cypress swamp on the property
that is available for public tours.
4: Heat from the sun reflects
off of the mirrors to heat fluid
in the tubes, which is moved
over to the plant to generate
steam to produce power.
5: FPLs Martin Next Generation
Clean Energy Center has a
capacity of more than 3,500
megawatts of electricity, enough
power for more than 700,000
homes and businesses in south
Florida.
All images credit: FPL.
3. 4.
5.
1409REW_59 59 9/11/14 11:11 AM
Show Previ ew
A SPECI AL ADVERTI SI NG SECTI ON
What do you get when you bring
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This years Renewable Energy
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Why go? Well, if not to mingle
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included, then perhaps the
following will entice you:
MONDAY, DECEMBER 8
MORNING: Enjoy your choice of
4 renewable-energy focused tech
tours all within the city of Orlando.
You could visit a bioenergy plant
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training center, where new and
experienced wind technicians
sharpen their skills; a community
solar garden one of the hottest
solar trends happening right now
in the solar industry; or a large
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you could spend your day at one
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EVENING: Get all dressed up and
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Click To Visit Event Website
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There are only a few conferences you can attend where
you can absorb four days worth of learning across the
entire renewable energy spectrum of technologies,
policies, markets and financing. Renewable Energy
World Conference, North America is one of them.
JENNIFER RUNYON, Chief Editor and Conference Chair
1409REW_60 60 9/11/14 11:14 AM
our awards banquet, which takes
place at Epcot and includes an
elegant dinner and fireworks.
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 9
MORNING: Wake up and attend
the keynote session with high-level
visionary speakers including David
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are so inclined, attend the Keynote
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selecting between the following:
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Penewable Lnergy Slorage Syslems.
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Penewable Lnergy lor All. Policies
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Once you have taken in that
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WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 10
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THURSDAY, DECEMBER 11
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Finally, head back down to the
tradeshow floor and see if you
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industry. This year it could be you.
If you are serious about your
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you cannot miss.
Hope to see you in Orlando!
1409REW_61 61 9/11/14 11:14 AM
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1409REW_62 62 9/11/14 11:14 AM
BI OENERGY
Food For Watts: Turning
Post-consumer Food Waste
into Renewable Energy
A new project in
Oregon creates
biogas from consumer
food waste and turns
it into electricity.
MIKE CRUMMY, Contributor
Since its inception nearly a
decade ago, Essential Consult-
ing Oregon, LLC (EC Oregon) has
built up an impressive rsum
when it comes to the planning and implementation of U.S.
biogas projects. In that time period, the company has pro-
vided dozens of feasibility studies, performed GIS mapping
in several states, and provided services for the development
of four full-scale biogas plants.
The most recent of these biogas plants, the $16 mil-
lion JC-Biomethane LLC project, had been in the compa-
nys sights for more than fve years. The new plant in Junc-
tion City, Oregon, which opened in mid-2013 anaerobically
digests organic material to generate methane-rich biogas,
which then fuels a generator for the production of electrici-
ty. This project carried particular importance for its found-
ers, since they happen to live in the area. But beyond the
The $16 million JC-Biomethane, LLC project, which opened in mid-2013 in Junction City, Oregon, produces
550 cubic meters of biogas an hour. Credit: Legacy Building Solutions.
1409REW_63 63 9/11/14 11:14 AM
BI OENERGY
personal connection to the region, there were other local factors
that made the site an excellent location to demonstrate the poten-
tial for similar facilities across the country.
The community here is very focused on sustainability, land-
fll diversion, renewable energy, said Dean Foor, project engi-
neer for EC Oregon and chief executive offcer of JC-Biometh-
ane. Between federal grants, state tax credits and a $2 million
contribution from the Energy Trust of Oregon, we had a good
groundwork here for developing this type of project.
While still in the development phase, the project did encoun-
ter one early wrinkle that dictated a modifcation to the original
facility plans. The expiration of a tax incentive tied to pre-con-
sumer food waste forced the plant to turn to post-consumer food
waste as its feedstock source. This twist of fate ultimately gave
JC-Biomethane the distinction of being the largest U.S. biogas
plant focused exclusively on post-consumer food waste.
The feld of waste management as a whole seemed reluctant
to embrace the technology of processing food waste into biogas,
said Foor. The technology
needed a push to make it hap-
pen and show its potential.
The biggest adjustment
from the change in feedstock
was to the design of the
receiving building. Instead
of handling clean organics,
JC-Biomethane would need
a separator to remove con-
taminants from the food
waste. The company also
wanted to account for odor
control and greater storage
capacity requirements. In
short, the receiving build-
ing on site would need to be
much larger.
A translucent polyethylene fabric roof allows ample natural light into the building, reducing the need for artificial
lighting on the operations floor. Credit: Legacy Building Solutions.
1409REW_64 64 9/11/14 11:14 AM
BI OENERGY
At the recommendation of
Evergreen Engineering, JC-
Biomethane turned to Lega-
cy Building Solutions to pro-
vide a tension fabric building
to receive waste for the plant.
In contrast to traditional ten-
sion fabric structures, Legacy
buildings feature a rigid frame
design that uses structural steel
I-beams, which allows the man-
ufacturer to customize to the
exact length, width and height needed.
Essentially we modeled up the dimensions we would need
to accommodate trucks making deliveries and loaders operat-
ing inside of the building, said Foor. We also needed space to
house different equipment arrangements and hold the amount
of inbound material we anticipated. The height needed for truck
tipping was another consideration.
The end result supplied was a 120 x 160 foot structure with a
polyethylene roof that peaks at a height of 47 feet. The building is
outftted with Rytec high-speed fabric doors for truck entry, and
also includes a two-story offce complex within the envelope of
the larger structure.
We have about 3,600 square feet of offce space inside the
building, said Foor. We did some retroftting in that area of the
structure late in the process as well. Our architect worked with
Legacy on a modifcation to
provide an exposure from our
offces to the western view.
The whole engineering phase
with Legacy was excellent.
They were very responsive to
our ideas and turned things
around very quickly. Even the
installation was fast the
whole building was erected in
about seven days.
Odor Control Technology:
A First for North America
Legacys structural steel
frame design allowed JC-
Biomethane to mount equip-
ment from the I-beams as
well. The receiving build-
ing includes a special odor
control system, a feature
that isnt legally required by
To receive inbound food waste,
Legacy Building Solutions
supplied a 120- by 160-foot
tension fabric structure designed
with structural steel I-beams.
Credit: Legacy Building Solutions.
After a bioseparator breaks down organic substrate and removes hard
contaminants, the cleaned substrate is pumped outside the receiving
building into a homogenization tank. Credit: Legacy Building Solutions.
1409REW_65 65 9/11/14 11:14 AM
BI OENERGY
federal or state regulations, but that Foor and others determined
would be advantageous both for plant workers and neighboring
businesses and residents.
The odor control system is comprised of two large hoods
established over receiving areas where the food waste resides
for extended periods of time. A vacuum over the area pulls in the
atmospheric gases emitting from the waste and moves the con-
taminated air through ducting to an ozone system just outside
the building. A series of 132 UV lamps create ozone, which reacts
with any volatile odors and neutralizes them.
Were basically pooling multiple exchanges of air per hour
through our building and using an ozone reaction to control
odor, said Foor. Its a unique application. This technology is
used at biogas plants in Europe, but we dont know of any other
biogas plant in North America that has used ozone for odor treat-
ment. We think thats a frst.
Other Unintended Benets
Though the fabric building was chosen primarily for its cus-
tomizability and overall effciency for the application at hand,
JC-Biomethane immediate-
ly started noticing additional
environmental and cost bene-
fts from the structure.
The fabric roof allows a lot
of natural light into the build-
ing, which is a big advantage
on the operations foor, since it
reduces our need for artifcial
lighting inside, said Foor. It
provides signifcant sheltering
from rain, wind and cold. Even
though we didnt have it insu-
lated, its still noticeably more
comfortable inside during the
winter. We thought it might be
hot to work in during the sum-
mer, but the structure actual-
ly provides more of a shading
and cooling effect.
The receiving building peaks at a height of 47 feet, providing space for truck tipping inside the structure.
Credit: Legacy Building Solutions.
1409REW_66 66 9/11/14 11:14 AM
BI OENERGY
Te Anaerobic Digester Process
The operation offcially kicked off when JC-Biomethane began
processing food waste in July 2013. The facility receives most of
its post-consumer food waste from commercial sources in the
Portland metropolitan area and throughout the Willamette Val-
ley. Currently, trucks are bringing in about 1,500 tons of food
waste per month, enough to produce 550 cubic meters of biogas
an hour.
After a bioseparator breaks down organic substrate and
removes hard contaminants, the cleaned substrate is pumped
outside the receiving building into a homogenization tank, where
it remains for several days. The material then is moved into an
oxygen-free, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), where
heated waste anaerobically digests for 30 days. Here is where the
bacteria convert the organic waste into biogas, which rises to the
top of the tank.
The processed digestate material from the CSTR then
gravity overfows to a post-digester tank, which collects the
biogas in its infatable gas holder. Biogas is then piped into
a cleaning tower where bacteria remove gas contaminants.
Remaining solids are converted to a sweet-smelling fber com-
post byproduct, while odorless liquid digestate goes into a
large holding tank to be sold as liquid fertilizer. Meanwhile,
the biogas moves through underground pipes for water remov-
al and fnal cleaning via activated carbon.
At this stage, the biogas is now ready to fuel the plants
16-cylinder, 2,000-horsepower MWM co-generation engine. Com-
bustion of the gas in this combined heat and power unit turns
a generator that converts mechanical energy into electricity.
The engine has a 1.55-MW capacity, and is expected to produce
12,250 megawatt-hours of electricity on an annual basis, enough
to power approximately half the homes in neighboring Junction
City. The generators electricity is sold to Portland General Elec-
tric as part of a 20-year power purchase agreement. JC-Biometh-
ane began selling its electricity in October 2013, three months
after the frst loads of food waste entered its doors.
Doubling in Size and then Going After New Markets
According to Foor, JC-Biomethane already expects to
double its food waste intake within six to nine months to
3,000 tons per month. This quantity would match the exist-
ing facilitys maximum capacity, and, as a result, there is
already some consideration
for expansion.
As far as the prospects for
developing additional bio-
gas plants, Foor acknowledg-
es there are some challenges
to replicating the JC-Biometh-
ane model. In our existing
plant, it is all electrical pro-
duction, he said. We secured
our rates with the electric util-
ity at a time when they were
considerably better than they
are today. The future of biogas
plants is more likely hinged
to us being able to sell ener-
gy into the vehicle fuel market.
We can take our methane-rich
biogas, clean it with carbon
dioxide, and compress it so its
a direct replacement for com-
pressed natural gas. The vehi-
cle fuel market is probably the
most ideal use for this energy
source anyway, so thats where
our attention is focused as we
look at future facilities.
Mike Crummy is a writer with
The Promersberger Company
in Fargo, N.D.
[Editors Note: Would you
like to see one of these
anaerobic digesters up
close? Then come to Renew-
able Energy World Confer-
ence and Expo, North Ameri-
ca in December. On Monday,
December 8th, well visit Har-
vest Powers Energy Garden.
More info at this link.]
1409REW_67 67 9/11/14 11:14 AM
GEOTHERMAL
China Turns to Geothermal
Energy To Tackle Carbon
Emissions
As China scrambles to reduce its carbon impact, it
has set gears in motion to develop its
geothermal resources.

MEG CICHON, Associate Editor
The UN has amplifed its warning about carbon emissions as
of late, stating that climate change is indeed real, and may very
well be irreversible if countries do not act now. Since its latest
declarations, all eyes are now focused on the worlds biggest
carbon polluters, and China tops the list.
To combat its carbon critics while also supporting its rapid
growth and development, China decided to kill two birds with
one stone and focus its energy on developing renewables
fast. In the frst half of this year alone, China installed more
than 3 GW of solar capacity, ramped up its offshore wind
development, and invested billions in electric vehicle adoption.
But despite this progress, China still has a long way to go, so
in July it announced that it would open the door to a technol-
ogy that has been mostly shut out of the country for more than
a decade: geothermal.
Replacing Baseload with Baseload
Chinas booming population and energy demand call for
cheap, stable electricity, which is why it accounts for
nearly 50 percent of global coal use. As it develops inter-
mittent wind and solar projects in order to reduce its
emissions and control air pollution, it still has a need for
stable, baseload power. China is not alone in this endeavor
many countries, including the U.S. and Germany,
are looking to stabilize their grids and believe
geothermal energy is a viable answer.
Geothermal is in a very
good position when looking at
emission goals because it is a
one-two punch, said vice pres-
ident of business development
at Ormat Bob Sullivan. As we
build renewables into the elec-
trical grid we fnd that because
of intermittency you have to
back them up and have fexible
resources. Geothermal can do
that without a carbon footprint.
When you back solar and wind
up with a green resource you
get bigger bang for your buck
a one-two punch.
1409REW_68 68 9/11/14 11:14 AM
Geothermal plant.
China has realized both its need for rapid renewable develop-
ment and a reduction in carbon emissions, and announced plans
for a geothermal energy development plan.
Government Support
The Chinese government is culling together plans for compre-
hensive geothermal development in conjunction with its 13th
fve-year plan, which covers the years 2016-2020. As part of
this plan, it hopes to develop 100 MW of geothermal by 2015 in
northern, central and southwest China. It will initially focus on
high-temperature resources, them move to low- and medium-
temperature applications.
According to the National Energy Administration, it will focus
onthe development of deep geothermal district heating proj-
ects, large-scale promotion of shallow geothermal energy devel-
opment, and the utilization of geothermal energy demonstration
construction projects while
exploring suitable areas for
local development.
In order to speed this
growth along, the govern-
ment will establish a national
geothermal energy data and
information system by next
year. This system will be sim-
ilar to National Geothermal
Data System recently devel-
oped by the U.S. Department
of Energy. These resources
aggregate information such
as geological resources, poli-
cy incentives, and permitting
1409REW_69 69 9/11/14 11:14 AM
GEOTHERMAL
processes into one database to help speed along the development
of geothermal projects.
Not only will this database help build geothermal electrical
generating capacity, but it will also forward the governments
initiative to ramp up geothermal heating and cooling systems.
According to recent legislation, China hopes to offset a major
portion of its coal consumption, which accounts for 66 percent of
its energy use, with geothermal heat pumps (GHP). In fact, geo-
thermal has the potential to completely replace the nations coal-
heating systems. Demonstration projects in Beijing have shown
that GHPs will be a major player in reducing carbon emissions,
according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
A Range of Opportunity
To date, China has 25 MW of installed geothermal capacity. How-
ever several regions, such as Tibet and Yunnan, have vast poten-
tial. According to geologists, the land along the Himalayas, which
extends into Tibet and nearby Nepal, holds the greatest potential.
The hottest and best known of the geothermal systems are in
Jammu and Kashmir, which form part of the northwest Hima-
layan geothermal province that extends through Nepal and
Tibet, said geologist at the Energy and Geosciences Institute,
University of Utah, Geo Moore during an energy conference in
India. I hope lessons from elsewhere in the world can help har-
ness these resources in the Himalayas.
These areas have previously faced development barriers. Much
of the high-temperature resources are on a collision zone of two
continental plates and volcanic zones, making drilling very diff-
cult. Resources are also located at higher altitudes, which is cost-
ly for equipment transportation.
However, according to a resource assessment report released
by MIT, many of these barriers have been overcome with improve-
ments in technology. And with the recently announced government
support, many in the industry are hopeful for new development.
Strides in the development of enhanced geothermal technologies
(EGS), which exploits resources in dry rock with hydraulic stimula-
tion, may open far more resource potential throughout the country,
according to the report.
Direct-use geothermal has gained much more traction in China.
One of its biggest success stories is the city of Xianyang in Shaanxi
provice, known as Chinas Geothermal Energy City. Xianyang
began developing its hot water resources with temperatures
ranging from 55 to 120C in
the 1990s and now has 30
wells used for heating, hot
water and other recreational
activities. Geothermal has so
far offset nearly 150,000 tons
of CO2 emissions annually,
according to a report released
by the United Nation Universi-
ty in Iceland.
Earlier this year, the Xian-
yang government signed
a memorandum of under-
standing with Iceland-based
geothermal developer Okra
Energy and China-based
petroleum developer Sinopec
Group, to pool resources and
further develop the geother-
mal district heating system.
[The] delegationwas sat-
isfed with the Sino-Icelandic
geothermal cooperation and
spoke highly of the progress,
according to a release from
Sinopec. He also expressed
[willingness] that Iceland
wouldstrengthen cooperation
with Xianyang Cityin respect of
[pollution] treatment, geother-
mal exploration and tourism.
Geothermal is a viable
renewable energy answer
that can both reduce emis-
sions and improve economies
exactly what China needs.
Geothermal has all the attri-
butes of a coal facility. It pro-
vides very reliable baseload
power to count on day in and
day out and provides jobs for
a better economy.
1409REW_70 70 9/11/14 11:14 AM
NEW
HYDROPOWER
PLANTS
FOR CONSTRUCTION
WITH A TOTAL
OF 39.4 GW
ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTIO
GROWTH
520 TWh
TO 785.1TWh
AVERAGING 4.7%
INCREASE / YEAR
increase in % of total energy portfolio
RENEWABLES
EXPECTING
BILLION
US
DOLLARS
IN REQUIRED
INVESTMENTS
NEW THERMAL
POWER PLANTS
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
WITH A TOTAL OF 3.8 GW
NUCLEAR
POWER
PLANT
UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
WITH 1.4 GW
HYDRO
POWER
PROJECTS
(>50MW) UNDER
FEASIBILITY STUDIES WITH
AN EXPECTED TOTAL
OF 6.9 GW
KM OF NEW
LINE BY 2022
FROM 51,500 TO
155,500 KM
AVERAGE INCREASE
IN WIND, BIOMASS,
SMALL HYDRO (<50 MW) GROWTH
EXPECTED GROWTH FOR
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
GENERATION
119.5 GW TO 183.1GW
AVERAGING >4.2%
INCREASE / YEAR
MVA JUMP IN
TRANSFORMATION
CAPACITY
FROM 249,600 MVA -
TO352,800 MVA
Source: Epe (Empressa
De Planejamento
Energetico Company)
Pde 2022 10-Year Plan -
Published Dec 2013
INTERNATIONAL SOLUTIONS
FOR BRAZILIAN UTILITIES.
GLOBAL PERSPECTI VE TOTAL GTD COVERAGE TECHNI CAL MEETS COMMERCI AL
came together to
collaborate and
discuss the future of
the Brazilian electric
power industry.
51
A LOOK AT THE POTENTI AL OF THE BRAZI LI AN ELECTRI C POWER MARKET
on-site
generation
will more than
x
2
53.5 TWh TO
115 TWh
BILLION
US
DOLLARS
BILLION US
DOLLARS
TO BE SPENT IN
TRANSMISSION
LINES
GROWTH
TO BE SPENT IN
SUBSTATION GROWTH
to
WIND POWER,
BIOMASS
AND SMALL
HYDRO PLANT
GENERATION
WILL JUMP FROM
Supporting Associations: Offcial Endorsement by: Owned & Produced by:
- Conventional & Renewable Power Generation
- Hydropower Generation
- Transmission & Distribution
NATIONS
weve included a
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JUST CONFERENCE
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1409REW_71 71 9/11/14 1:28 PM
HYDROPOWER
Hydropower Financing
Gets a Boost from the US
Department of Energy
Te US government recently identied non-powered
dams as ripe for government investment. Heres a
rundown of what to expect from this exciting new DOE
opportunity that seeks innovation in hydropower.
Closed Sluice Gates of a Reservoir
via Shutterstock.
VINCE FONT, Contributing Editor
At 3.79 million square miles, the United States is the fourth
largest country in the world by total area. Scattered through-
out that vast landscape are some 80,000 non-powered dams
that, if harnessed, could hold as much as 12.1 GW (or 12,100
MW) of renewable energy capacity. The U.S. Department of
Energy recognizes this, and recently announced its intention
to provide billions of dol-
lars in loans to hydroelectric
power technology developers
to convert all that standing
water into power.
In July, the DOE
announced $4B in loan
guarantees for fve key areas
1409REW_72 72 9/11/14 11:14 AM
of renewable energy tech-
nology. The loans are part
of the Presidents Climate
Action Plan, which aims to
cut carbon pollution and
decrease greenhouse emis-
sions through a variety of
measures, including loan
guarantees that support
clean, innovative technolo-
gies. Among the fve areas
on which the DOE has decid-
ed to aim its considerable
focus is the enhancement
of existing facilities includ-
ing micro-hydro or hydro
updates to existing non-pow-
ered dams.
Peter W. Davidson, Execu-
tive Director of the Loan Pro-
grams Offce (LPO) for the
DOE, views the announce-
ment as nothing less than
a watershed moment for
the U.S. hydropower indus-
try. This is the frst time the
loans program has specifcal-
ly called out hydro and small-
scale hydro as something
were interested in developing
further, Davidson said. If we
can fnd a way to bring power
to some of those 80,000
dams, we could relatively
easily tap into a huge amount
of power.
Davidson, who added that
there are some very non-
invasive ways to power up
dams with minimal envi-
ronmental impact, pointed
to a study that identifed the
potential to harness up to 8 GW of power capacity simply by con-
verting 100 of the countrys top existing non-powered dams to
power-generating dams.
Were very hopeful that developers will work on projects for
these non-powered dams, Davidson said, adding that doing so
would present a great opportunity to accelerate the deployment
of hydropower in the United States.
As part of the PCL Construction design-build team, Black & Veatch
designed a new 30-megawatt powerhouse and other hydropower
components to increase the installed capacity of Puget Sound Energys
Lower Baker development to 109 MW. The project was completed in
2013. Credit: Black & Veatch.
1409REW_73 73 9/11/14 11:14 AM
HYDROPOWER
Carlos Araoz, Vice President and Director of Hydropower and
Hydraulic Structures for Black & Veatch, pointed to addition-
al areas of hydropower that may also beneft from loan program
dollars. These include requests for loans to upgrade existing dam
power plants with more modern and therefore energy effcient
-- technology. There are some very old power plants out there
that could be replaced, either on a per-unit basis or by a single
unit of a much larger size, Araoz said.
Norman Bishop, Senior Vice President of Hydropower and
Renewable Energy for Knight Piesold, sees the DOE initiative as a
much needed boost for the U.S. hydropower industry. For many
years, other renewables have had the benefts of a wide variety of
incentives, Bishop said. Certainly, the hydro sector of the coun-
trys renewable portfolio needs a jump start. This program is the
frst of potentially many more that will attempt to capture energy
that would otherwise be wasted.
Bishop said DOE efforts to collect feedback from the renew-
able energy industry about the loan program was an encour-
aging and important frst step. Prior to the offcial launch of the
program, a series of meetings were held in six cities throughout
the country. During this 30-day public comment period, renew-
able energy developers were encouraged to voice their concerns
and suggestions.
We had an extremely good response in those public meet-
ings, Davidson said. We received a number of very helpful pub-
lic comments and we incorporated as many as we could into the
fnal solicitation. Full details of the public comments, including
DOE response, are available online.
The application process for the DOEs Renewable Energy and
Effcient Energy Projects Solicitation is being rolled out in two
Bonneville Power
Administration completed
the modernization of BPAs
Celilo converter station at
Dalles, Oregon, which uses
solid-state silicon chips that
should allow the system
to work cooler, safer and
be ecologically improved.
Credit: DOE.
parts, each with a series of
specifed due dates ranging
from October 1 of this year
through December 2 of 2015.
Part I will require applicants
to pay a $50,000 applica-
tion fee and provide a proj-
ect summary that shows they
meet certain requirements
set forth by the DOE for loan
consideration.
There are several key
requirements that must be
met, Davidson explained.
The project has to be locat-
ed within the United States
or its territories, it has to
reduce greenhouse gas emis-
sions, and it has to utilize a
new technology or process to
achieve that.
Approved applicants will
then move on to Part II of the
process. Those companies
requesting $150 million or
less in loans will be required
to pay a $100,000 fee. Those
requesting greater than $150
million will be required to
pay a $350,000 fee. These
1409REW_74 74 9/11/14 11:14 AM
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G
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T

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1409REW_75 75 9/11/14 11:14 AM
HYDROPOWER
fees which, all told, could cost
individual developers anywhere
between $150,000 and $400,000
have come under criticism by some
who believe it may discourage
smaller developers from applying.
Weve worked very hard to
make those fees as low as possible,
Davidson said, explaining that per
2005 Energy Policy Act specifca-
tions, the DOE is required to charge
monies to cover the administrative
costs associated with the intensive
due diligence necessary when pro-
cessing such high dollar loans.
Araoz believes the fee struc-
tures may deter smaller devel-
opers from participating. If a
developer has a big project and
can get the initial funding put
forward, it may be worth their
while to go that route, Araoz
said. But if the project is small and on the borderline of visi-
bility, maybe not. Araoz added that developers of substantial-
ly larger projects may fnd fees in excess of $400,000 a worth-
while investment.
Youre always going to have some part of the sector that may
not be addressed, or that may fnd the terms and conditions a bit
prohibitive, Bishop said. But this is a frst of its kind program that
I think should be embraced and encouraged by our industry.
In emphasizing the more user friendly nature of the loan pro-
gram, Davidson noted the DOEs ability to stretch repayment terms
as long as 30 years. Repayment terms will be deal-specifc, and will
be commensurate to the offtake agreements developers have with
the entities they will be providing power to something David-
son said would be near impossible to achieve through a commercial
bank, and which he said will play a crucial role in giving projects
the necessary time to become self-sustaining.
One of the reasons this is so important, Davidson said, is
because many of these projects will need a longer period of time
to pay themselves back. The economics arent as strong to be
able to pay off the whole loan in a shorter amount of time.
Looking ahead, Bishop
said, I see this as a pro-
gram to be built on. Im very
hopeful that, when the appli-
cations start to pour in, it
will be fully subscribed for
many years.
We think the technology
is ready to be demonstrated
at commercial scale, David-
son said. Once thats done,
these industries will really be
able to take off and they wont
necessarily need government
funding anymore.
Interested parties are
encouraged to apply now
by visiting the Loan Pro-
grams Offce online applica-
tion portal.
Black & Veatch provided engineering design for the Northern Colorado
Conservancy Districts Carter Lake Hydroelectric Project, which harnesses
kinetic energy from moving water through intake, tunnel and outlet
works with a 2,600 kW hydroelectric facility that generates renewable
energy. Credit: Black & Veatch.
1409REW_76 76 9/11/14 11:14 AM
9-11 JUNE 2015
AMSTERDAM RAI
AMSTERDAM
THE NETHERLANDS
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T: +44 (0) 1992 656 641
E: sophiap@pennwell.com
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If you have such a message, you are invited to submit an abstract and share your knowledge,
experience and ideas with your renewables peers.
A full listing of suggested conference topics and themes are listed under the CONFERENCE tab on
www.renewableenergyworld-europe.com. Abstracts focusing on emerging opportunities in the industry as well as
the integration of renewable energy into the power system are of particular interest.
For further information on the conference, please contact:
1409REW_77 77 9/11/14 11:14 AM
ENERGY STORAGE
Is Distributed Energy Storage the
Energiewendes Missing Link?
In Germany, the rst state-sponsored
storage scheme is of to a sluggish start.
Safts Synerion Home
Energy Storage System.
Credit: Saft.
PAUL HOCKENOS, Contributing Editor
For years, critics of the Energiewende, Germanys clean-ener-
gy transition, have carped that the countrys power system
cannot be based on intermittent generation sources namely
onshore wind and solar PV without advanced storage tech-
nology to balance supply and demand. In Germany, battery
storage has come a long way fast, and a year ago the German
government started the frst-ever subsidy program to sup-
port storage systems for homes, businesses, and public institu-
tions, like schools. Yet the program has been slow to catch on,
and observers maintain that its long-term impact on the Ener-
giewende as such will be minimal.
A year ago, Germanys beleaguered solar industry rejoiced
when the government-owned development bank and federal
environment ministry announced loans and repayment support
for combined rooftop PV and
battery storage options of up
to 30 kW. The sector thought
it spotted an opportunity
to redeem itself on the Ger-
man and international mar-
kets with a technology that
German PV and energy man-
agement frms had long been
perfecting.
The logic of battery technol-
ogy is pretty simple: By stor-
ing power generated when the
sun is shining and demand is
low, the owners of household
battery systems can use more
of the electricity they gener-
ate when they need it twice
as much, say experts. Larger
storage systems, if connected
to solar plants, could help inte-
grate even more renewables
into the system, dramatically
reducing disparities in supply
and demand the bugbear of
PV and wind power.
Yet, 14 months down the
road, German PV and ener-
gy management companies
have sold only around 10,000
decentralized battery sys-
tems (not all in Germany),
with about 50 percent of the
1409REW_78 78 9/11/14 11:14 AM
new German owners tak-
ing advantage of the subsi-
dies. The Leipzig-based PV
company Deutsche Energie-
versorgung says that only 15
to 20 percent of its battery
customers use the supports.
Roughly a third of RWE
Home Power Storages clients
have availed themselves of
the subventions.
Critics say the bureaucracy
required to obtain the credit
is cumbersome, and that new
laws in Germany that will tax
self-consumption have put
a damper on sales. The fact
that these small-scale sys-
tems are designed only for
self-consumption (theyre
not connected to smart grids
or the larger power system)
limits their usefulness for proving extra grid fexibility to bal-
ance renewables.
Indeed, the numbers so far are modest, even though both pro-
ducers and suppliers of distributed storage hardware say busi-
ness has been picking up as of late spring.
A study of 13 European (mostly German) frms conducted by
the magazine Sonne Wind & Wrme, found that Bavaria-based
Sonnenbatterie led the feld having sold 2,500 transportable
intelligent lithium storage systems in 2013-14, mostly in Germa-
ny. It was followed by Deutsche Energieversorgung that sold just
100 fewer, and Nedap of the Netherlands with 2,000. Saft Batter-
ies out of Nuremburg moved roughly 1,000 systems, half of those
in Germany and the other half in Austria, Switzerland, Italy, and
Luxembourg. A number of other frms, including E3/DC, Bosch
Power Tec, and Frankensolar sold less than 1,000 models.
About 85 percent of the units sold were the more tradition-
al and substantially cheaper lead-acid batteries; while 15 per-
cent were the newer lithium-ion-based models, which are more
expensive but also tout more capacity. Not only can lithium-ion
batteries store more power while requiring less space, they can
be charged and discharged more frequently than lead-acid bat-
teries. The prices of the systems range from 6,000 to 30,000,
The Sonnenbatterie eco was introduced at Intersolar Europe in 2014.
It uses lithium-iron-phosphate technology and high-quality electronic
components and can be wall-mounted. The basic version has a capacity
of 4.5 kWh. Credit: Sonnenbatterie.
Boschs BPT-S Hybrid lithium ion
batteries have a storage capacity
ranging from 4.4 to 13.2 kWh,
depending on the model. Credit: Bosch.
1409REW_79 79 9/11/14 11:15 AM
ENERGY S TOR AGE
depending on size, model, producer, and type. Most of the inves-
tors were households, followed by small businesses.
Since the program launched in May, 4,000 battery buyers were
awarded a total of 66 million in low-interest loans and more than
10 million in grants. The state development bank KfW grants a
low-interest loan for the purchase of a combined PV and storage
system or for retroftting an existing solar-installation with stor-
age. And the state may cover up to 30 percent of the loan. Yet in
2013, more than half of the available monies went untouched.
The support programs were slow getting started, says Tom
Rudloph of SMA Systems, one of the early Germany-based pio-
neers in battery storage. But theyve ironed out some of the
wrinkles, so its working better now.
The jury is still out on whether the batteries with or without
the supports are worth it for small PV users.
Germanys main solar advocate, the German Solar Energy
Association (BSW), claims that small battery units wont make
or save homeowners a bundle, but in economic terms alone
are probably a break-even proposition, depending on con-
sumption behavior, type of PV system, location and other factors.
There wouldnt be government incentives if small-scale bat-
tery storage was completely economical at the moment, admits
David Wedepohl of the BSW. But at least half the systems in
Germany sell without any incentive.
The point is to create a market for storage, create economies
of scale, and generate experience with this new technology, says
Wedepol. In the future, if were serious about running our econ-
omies on 90 percent or 100 percent renewable energy, were
going to need it. He notes there are factors besides economic
viability that motivate people to invest in storage, such as energy
independence. Most of the battery companies say independence
is their customers primary motivation.
Yet others adamantly disagree. Wolfram Walter, CEO of the
Freiburg-based ASD Sonnenspeicher, says the purchasers of
the current generation of batteries are simply burning money.
Walter calculates that the per kWh cost of stored power from
rooftop PV is anywhere from twice to fve times the market cost
of electricity. The lead-acid batteries cant store enough power
over their entire life spans to make them worthwhile, says
Walter, whose frm has a lithium-ion product on the market.
Walter argues that the next generation of battery, namely paral-
lel automatic charge and discharge units or pacadus, which ASD
Top view of the Bosch BPT-S 5
Hybrid. Credit: Bosch.
With Pacadu (parallel automatic
charge and discharge unit), ASD
has developed a new electronic
device that can be installed
onto each individual battery cell.
Credit: ASD Sonnenspeicher.
1409REW_80 80 9/11/14 11:15 AM
Sol-ion
system
Energy conversion
& management
PV panels
Connection to
grid & metering
Distribution
To
grid
Li-ion
battery
ENERGY S TOR AGE
more complicated in Germany. While experts agree that PV solar
is now fully competitive with fossil-fuel and nuclear-generated
power, the equation has changed with new legislation in Germany.
For one, PV subsidies are rapidly being phased out, which
caused newly installed PV in Germany to drop 57 percent from
2012 to 2013 with 2014 looking no rosier so far. Moreover, recent
reforms envision taxing the self-consumption of solar power from
plants larger than 10 kilowatts. Renewables producers who con-
sume their own electricity will have to pay 30 percent of the sur-
charge that fnances renewables subsidies as of August 2014. If
the law stays on track, that share will increase to 35 percent in
2016 and 40 percent in 2017.
But at least now the law is in place, says Henkel of RWE Eff-
zienz. There had been so much uncertainty. This wasnt helpful
for the market, she says.
The German battery makers are also confdent that markets in
Europe and beyond even as far away as China and Australia
will grow, as theyve already showed signs of doing in the last year
and a half. Theres been a strong increase in [demand in] recent
months in other countries, Christoph Lapczyna, spokesman of
Sonnenspeicher will introduce
later this year, is the battery of
the future. The pacadu tech-
nology connects cells in paral-
lel and thus increases battery
performance by preventing the
losses in voltage.
Firms marketing battery
storage today say costs are
coming down rapidly, and that
storage systems will soon be
a better deal. Rudolph of SMA
sees costs decreasing by about
5 percent a year. Just look at
prices over the last year, says
Nina Henkel of RWE Effzienz,
noting their fall. This is a
very dynamic market.
But in terms of PV, every-
thing has suddenly become
A schematic of a typical
home energy storage
system setup. Credit: Saft.
1409REW_81 81 9/11/14 11:15 AM
THE LONGEST LASTING BATTERY
FOR YOUR OFF-GRID HOME.
LEARN MORE AT ROLLSBATTERY.COM
ENERGY S TOR AGE
Bosch Power Tec, told the Ger-
man press, especially in Italy.
Italy is a very fast growing
market since the fnancial ben-
efts of storage systems are
almost immediate because of
high electricity prices.
A bigger question looming
behind these developments is
just how much the state subsi-
dies and the take-off of decen-
tralized power storage is
facilitating the Energiewende
and assuaging critics. Most
experts say not much.
The problem is that these systems are confned to self-con-
sumption models, says Oliver Opel, a research analyst at Institute
for Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry of the University of
Lneburg. In order to pro-
vide real fexibility theyve got
to be connected to a smart
grid. He admits that house-
hold storage options for elec-
tricity lower demand and help
shift the PV peak at noon,
providing more space for
wind and solar in the system
as a whole. But its too small
to make sense to connect to
the grid.
Opel believes the future is
thermal storage using chem-
icals or stones in connection
with wind power. This [the
current program] is just the
beginning, he says.
The SMA Sunny Boy Smart Energy is a
combination of a modern PV inverter
and a battery with an effective
capacity of 2 kWh. Credit: SMA.
1409REW_82 82 9/11/14 11:15 AM
MICROGRID EXECUTIVE MBA TRAINING
Co-Generation
Wind
A variely of olhers
NOVEMBER 3 - DECEMBER 12, 2014
Length: 6 weeks
Instructor: ahesh Bhave
Partner: FenewableEnergyvorld.con
This course will cover all of these
technologies, including:
Solar
Ballery Slorage
BioCas
Renewabl e Energy
Trai ni ng Event s
Microgrid Executive MBA Training
RenewableEnergyWorld.com
Online 3 Nov 12 Dec 2014
Wind Turbine Climber & Rescue Trainer
Gravitec Systems
Poulsbo, Washington
22-26 September 2014
Biomass One-Day Course
The European Energy Centre
Edinburgh Napier University,
Scotland and Online
1 October 2014
The Renewable Energy Mini-MBA
Green Power Academy
Cape Town, South Africa
6-10 October 2014
The Renewable Energy Mini-MBA
Green Power Academy
San Francisco, California
20-24 October 2014
Forecasting & Modeling
the Future Energy Mix
Green Power Academy
London
1-5 December 2014
Solar Training Solar Electric
Lab Week (Battery-based)
Solar Energy International
Paonia, Colorado
13-17 October 2014
Developing Geothermal Projects
Green Power Academy
London, 24-26 November 2014
Renewable Energy and Communication
Tower Technician Program
Airstreams Renewables
Tehachapi, CA
20 October 5 December 2014
Temperature Stacking In Thermal
Storage For Biomass Heating Systems
Heatspring Learning Institute &
Biomass Thermal Energy Council
Free lecture - Online
Anytime
Hydropower and the
Environment, South East Asia
International Centre for Hydropower
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
26-31 October 2014 (Application
deadline in September)
Here we offer a sampling of short renewable energy educational events and certificate programs throughout the world.
If you would like your training event to considered for inclusion in this listing, please email REWNews@Pennwell.com subject line: Education and Training.
1409REW_83 83 9/11/14 11:15 AM
Renewabl e Energy Wor l d Cal endar September t hr u November 2014
Adver t i ser s I ndex For more information on the products and services found in this issue click here.
Renewable Energy Roundup
& Sustainable Living Expo
Belton, TX, US
26-28 September 2014
GRCs 38th Annual Meeting &
GEA Geothermal Energy Expo
Portland, OR, US
28 September - 01 October 2014
T: +1 530.758.2360
Conference of European
Biogas Association
Alkmaar region, Netherlands
30 September, 2014
NHA Hydraulic Power
Committee Fall Meeting
Holyoke, MA, US
06-08 October 2014
T: +1 202.682.1700
E: help@hydro.org
INDIASOL 2014
New Delhi, India
08-09 October 2014
POWER-GEN Middle East
Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.
12-14 October 2014
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 632
E: suemc@pennwell.com
Solar Power International 2014
Las Vegas, NV, US
20-23 October 2014
T: +1 703-738-9460
E: info@solarpowerinternational.
com
Sustainability Summit 2014
Freiburg, Germany
13-14 October 2014
T:+49 761 479140
E:info@sustainability-summit.org
Solar Energy UK 2014
Birmingham, UK
14-16 October 2014
T:+44 207 8710122
E:mmanthena@solarmedia.co.uk
All-Energy Australia
Melbourne, Australia
15-16 October 2014
T:+61 2 9422 2973
E:jon.williams@
reedexhibitions.com.au
4th Annual Solar
Arabia Summit
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
19-20 October 2014
T:+971 44 557956
E:register@
solararabiasummit.com
HydroVision Brasil 2014
Sao Paulo, Brasil
21-21 October 2014
T: +1 918-831-9704
E: tchambers@pennwell.com
Greenbuild 2014
New Orleans, LA, US
22-24 October 2014
Taiwan International
Photovoltaic Exhibition 2014
Taipei, Taiwan
22-24 October 2014
T:+886 2 27255200
E:pv@taitra.org.tw
Energy Storage Australia 2014
Sydney, Australia
23-24 October 2014
T:+86 21 68407631
E:katem@cdmc.org.cn
East African Renewable Energy
Forum and Exhibition 2014
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
31 October - 01 November 2014
T:+255 27 2543047
E:eabcenergyconference@
eabc-online.com
The 6th Offshore Wind Series:
Offshore Wind Procurement
& Construction Summit
Hamburg, Germany
03-05 November 2014
T: +44 (0)20 7375 7224
E: miranda@
windenergyupdate.com
GEO-T Expo 2014
Essen, Germany
11-13 November 2014
T: +49 (0) 201 72 44-742
E: anna.pietler@messe-essen.de
RenewableUK 2014
Manchester, United Kingdom
11-13 November 2014
T: +44 20 7901 3000
E: info@RenewableUK.com
Intersolar India 2014
Mumbai, India
18-20 November 2014
International Tidal
Energy Summit
London, UK
24-26 November 2014
T: +44 (0)20 7375 7224
E: sellis@tidaltoday.com
Asean Power Week43
EDF Renewable Energy45
Hanwha Q Cells GmbH9
Hove AS2
Messe Essen GmbH23
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH17
Nexans21
Northern States Metal29
Pennsylvania State University47
Power Brasil Events 201471
Power Generation International
Finanacial Forum53
Power-Gen Middle East75
Power Generation Week55
Power One Inc.13
Radco Industries Inc.19
Renewable Energy World Conference
& Expo North America27
Renewable Energy World
Europe 201577
Schneider Electric4
Solar Frontier Americas Inc.CV2
Solar Promotion
International GmbH35
Suntech Power Co. Ltd.24
Surrette Battery Co. Ltd.82
The Adveritsers Index is published as a service. The publisher does not assume any liability for errors or omissions.
Selected multi-day conferences, expos and events for the Renewable Energy Industry
1409REW_C3 3 9/11/14 11:15 AM
Last
the
Lisa Caswell is
responsible for driving
the eMeter business
and working toward
complete integration
into the Siemens
Smart Grid division.
Prior to eMeter Ms.
Caswell served as the
VP of Global Alliance
Sales at Chordiant
Software. She has a
history of working
with firms that
have fundamentally
changed an industry
or business practice
area including: Aravo,
Ariba, CBT Systems,
Visioneer, Apple
Computer, and IBM.
Customer Engagement Is Key to
Unlocking the Grids Potential
Americas electrical grid is one of our
nations most important infrastruc-
tures, and one where improvement is
long overdue. The Energy Information
Association estimates that our vulner-
able grid and its subsequent power
outages cost American businesses as
much at $150 billion every year.
Its no secret that creating a stron-
ger, smarter and more resilient grid is
a challenge, and a majority of the pres-
sure to modernize this critical infra-
structure is left on the utilitys shoul-
ders. Strides have been made in recent
years, for example demand response
programs have helped consumers
manage usage while utilities less-
en stress on the grid. There has also
been movement toward smarter man-
agement of renewables through vir-
tual power plants. However, customer
engagement remains an important key
to unlocking a truly smart grid.
Many utilities struggle to find the
right way to interact and educate con-
sumers on the changes we need to see.
A study by J.D. Power showed that util-
ities lack the ability to meet consum-
er needs when it comes to online and
mobile content and information. Over-
all, utilities need to make a concerted
effort to educate customers and make
the end-users not just a part of the pro-
cess, but advocates for change.
Better customer engagement could
take many different forms, such as
giving customers the ability to track
electricity or water use in near real-
time or view an estimated bill on a
smart phone or computer. It could also
give them the ability to see the cost of
electricity per unit and make changes
to avoid higher energy rates.
This type of customer engagement is
taking place in the City of Fort Collins,
Colorado, which recently offered eMe-
ter technology, called Energy Engage
Mobile, to its customers. The utili-
ty linked 68,000 electric smart meters
and 34,000 water meters to the mobile
app, which communicates usage infor-
mation to customers. The solution has
been the backbone of the citys innova-
tive advanced metering project, allow-
ing customers to see 60-minute inter-
val reads for water use and 15-minute
interval reads for electric usage, a sub-
stantial improvement from the month-
ly bills that City of Fort Collins consum-
ers were used to seeing.
Technologies like these are an
important next step in making the
health or sustainability of the grid a
collaborative initiative. They enable
utilities to manage the influx of data
from smart meter deployments and
help consumers better understand how
they interact with the grid.
Customer engagement isnt the only
path to a smarter grid but its an essen-
tial part of the puzzle that utilities and
technology vendors cant ignore.
1409REW_C4 4 9/11/14 11:15 AM

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ExxMob_REW_1407 1 6/18/14 1:55 PM

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