how to do it

TM
House & Home
Disaster Preparedness
published by Barnes & Noble
Better safe than sorry.
Disasters can strike at any time, posing a serious threat to people, property, and
the environment. Thats why its so important to be prepared before a disaster
strikes. Take an informed approach to staying safe by learning how to:
Address potential disasters in advance and be ready if they occur
Know the facts about common disasters and the damage they cause
Stay safe and healthy and act efciently in the aftermath of a disaster
What Is a Disaster?
A disaster is an event that disrupts or devastates people or
the environment on a grand scale. Disasters fall into one of
two categories: natural or manmade.
Natural disasters: These disasters are caused
by natural or environmental forces. Earthquakes,
tornadoes, and tsunamis, such as the 2004 Indian
Ocean tsunami, are examples of natural disasters.
Manmade disasters: These types of disasters are
caused by human error, malice, negligence, or the fail-
ure of a system. Chemical spills, power outages, and
terrorism, such as the 2001 World Trade Center attacks
in New York, are examples of manmade disasters.
Sometimes one disaster leads to another, as when an
undersea earthquake causes a tsunami or a hurricane
knocks out power lines and leads to a blackout. Whatever
the root cause, such events are classied as disasters when
their impact is so large that society cant fully cope with
the consequences.
What Is Disaster Preparedness?
Disaster preparedness means knowing what to do before,
during, and after a disaster. Disasters can cause injuries,
damage property, and threaten entire communities. They
often strike with little or no notice, and their effects can
be overwhelming.
Though relief organizations such as the Red Cross work
tirelessly to provide aid in the wake of disasters, sometimes
help cant reach everyone immediately. Thats why its best
to be prepared. Much of the information presented in this
guide is based on the recommendations in the Family
Disaster Plan developed by the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency (FEMA) (www.fema.gov) and the American Red
Cross (www.redcross.org). It will help you protect your family
from harm, reduce damage to personal property, and lessen
the anxiety that accompanies such a disruptive event.
The Four-Step Preparedness Plan
These four advance measures, recommended by FEMA and
the Red Cross, can help you cope with potential disasters
in your area.
1. Determine Your Risk
First, learn about which types of disasters tend to affect your
region, state, neighborhood, and property:
Contact your local Red Cross chapter: Either go
to www.redcross.org and enter your zip code or look
up American Red Cross in the phone book to nd
contact information for your local chapter.
Contact your local emergency management ofce:
Go to www.ready.gov/america and use the menu under
Community and State Information to nd your local
contact. Or look for state and county ofces in the
blue pages (government section) of your local tele-
phone book.
Find hazard maps of your area: These maps are
found primarily on the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency (FEMA) website, www.fema.gov. Click on
the Disaster Info tab, then scroll down to the Maps
section to nd:
Disaster maps according to region, state, and year
Flood maps of your area, tips on how to read them,
and related materials
2. Prepare a Family Emergency Plan
A family emergency plan ensures that you and your loved
ones have a clear strategy regarding what to do and where
to go when disaster strikes. It should address the following:
Escape Routes
Draw a oor plan of each level of your home, then mark two
escape routes from each room. If you have children, make
sure they know and practice these routes.
Safe Utility Shutoff
Avoid res and other dangers by knowing the safe way to
shut off your water, electric, and natural gas. Label all main
shutoff valves and locate your circuit box. Contact your
utilities provider(s) for specic instructions. (Note that if you
turn off the gas to your home, it must be turned back on by
a professional.)
Family Communications
In the event that a disaster occurs when your family isnt
home, make sure youre familiar with the emergency plan at
your childs school and the protocol at your and your part-
ners workplaces. Then, follow these three steps:
Pick two meeting places: Pick a place near your
home and one outside your neighborhood, just in case
your home isnt accessible.
Pick an out-of-town contact: A relative or friend who
isnt affected by the disaster can help relay information
from one family member to another.
Fill out a contact card for every family member:
Include on the card personal information, telephone
numbers, and the meeting places and contacts men-
tioned previously. Get sample cards at www.fema.gov.
Provisions for People with Special Needs
If you or a family member has a disability or special need,
take extra steps to ensure preparedness. If you or a family
member are:
Hearing-impaired or visually impaired: Look into text
radio and other technology and establish a network of
people who can give you updates and provide help in
the event of a crisis.
Mobility-impaired: Consider having an extra
wheelchair battery or a manual wheelchair in storage,
and call your local American Red Cross chapter to
make special transportation arrangements to get to a
shelter if disaster strikes.
NonEnglish-speaking: Look into community groups
that can help you plan for and respond to a crisis.
On a special diet: Make sure to keep food that reects
your dietary needs in your disaster supplies kit (see
Disaster Supplies Kit).
On medication: Keep an extra stash of important
medications in your disaster supplies kit.
General Safety Precautions
Everyone, regardless of specic circumstances or abilities,
should follow these basic guidelines:
Keep a list of any essential medical supplies you use.
Include the type, make, and model.
Register any disabled family members with your local
re department so that authorities know to provide
extra assistance.
If you have a personal care attendant, nd out his or
her plan of action during disasters.
a sample contact card
Copyright 2007 Quamut
All rights reserved.
Quamut is a registered trademark of
Barnes & Noble, Inc.
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Printed in the United States
Writer: Oriane Delfosse
www.quamut.com
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This chart and the information contained in this chart are for general educational and informational uses
only. Nothing contained on this chart should be construed or intended to be used for medical diagnosis
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Photo Credits: Page 1: Tad Denson/Shutterstock (photo 1), Courtesy of
Fema (image 2); Page 4: U.S. Geological Survey; Page 5: Eric Nguyen/
Corbis; Page 6: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/
Department of Commerce (photo 1), Fema/Marty Bahamonde (photo 2),
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Disaster Preparedness www.quamut.com
Make plans for pets ahead of time, as health regula-
tions forbid animals from entering shelters. (For more
information, see How to Plan for Your Pets.)
Be sure that all adult family members know how to
administer rst aid and CPR and use a re extinguisher.
If not, sign up for classes through the Red Cross.
3. Assemble a Disaster Supplies Kit
A disaster supplies kit contains the essentials that youd
need to survive if trapped in your home without water or
power or forced to leave your home during an evacuation.
(For more information, see Disaster Supplies Kit.)
4. Stay Informed
Before, during, and after a disaster, listen to the radio or
television for alerts and updates about changing weather
patterns, evacuations, shelters, road closings, and other
hazard information. Consider purchasing a receiver that al-
lows you to tune into NOAA Weather Radio, a station that
broadcasts continuous reports from the National Weather
Service. Go to www.weather.gov to nd more information
about receivers and stations in your area.
Disaster-Related Weather Terms
Updates about extreme weather events (oods and snow-
storms, for instance) use specic terminology. Know these
terms so that you can respond accordingly:
Outlook: Issued daily, this is a forecast of extreme
weather that might develop over the next seven days.
Watch: This indicates that the occurrence of an
extreme weather event is possible. If, when, and where
it will occur, though, is still undetermined. At this stage,
you should continue to listen for updates and prepare
to take action.
Warning: This indicates that an extreme weather event
is happening or will begin shortly. A threat to life and
property exists, so you need to take protective action.
Advisory: This is the same as a warning, but pertains
to less-serious weather conditions. It means that
the weather can cause inconvenience and threaten
personal safety or property if not dealt with correctly.
Disaster Supplies Kit
A disaster supplies kit should contain all the essential
supplies you need in order to survive for at least 72 hours
after a disaster. Take your kit with you wherever you go
during a disaster, whether its to a safe room in your home
or a hotel many miles away. Ready-made kits are sold
online at www.redcross.org. If you choose to assemble your
own kit, include the following items, as recommended at
www.fema.gov:
Water
Food
First aid kit
Clothing, bedding, and sanitary supplies
Tools
Special items (described in the following sections)
Water
Disasters often disrupt local water supplies. In case you
become stranded, set aside a three-day supply of water:
one gallon of water per family member per day. Take the
individual needs of your family members into account: chil-
dren, the elderly, and people with medical conditions often
need more water than average.
Commercially bottled water is the easiest and safest
optionleave it sealed, and observe the expiration date. To
bottle and store water yourself:
Use a food-grade bottle, such as a Nalgene

bottle,
bought from a outdoor supplies store. Clean it with
soap and water before using it. Alternatively, use a
plastic soda bottle (never use a container that had milk
or juice in it). Clean the bottle with soap and water,
then disinfect it with a solution of bleach and water
(1 teaspoon bleach per 1 quart water). Swish the
solution around so that it touches all the surfaces,
then rinse it out.
Fill the bottle with tap water. If the water is from a well,
add two drops of unscented liquid household chlorine
bleach to the bottle.
Write the date on the bottle.
Replace the bottle every six months.
Food
Collect a three-day supply of food, taking into account your
family members eating habits and dietary needs. The fol-
lowing types of food are recommended:
Ready-to-eat food: Canned meats, fruits, vegetables
Canned liquids: Canned juice, milk, soup
Staples: Sugar, salt, pepper
High-energy foods: Granola bars, peanut butter,
crackers, trail mix
Comfort foods: Cookies, hard candy, instant coffee
Foods for those with special needs : Canned baby
formula, low-sodium food, etc.
Dont include food that:
Requires refrigeration
Takes a long time to cook
Requires a lot of water to cook
Makes you thirsty
First Aid Kit
Keep the following items in your rst aid kit:
Sterile adhesive bandages in assorted sizes
812 sterile gauze pads in assorted sizes
3" sterile roller bandages
5 yards of 1" adhesive cloth tape
Aspirin and nonaspirin pain relievers
Antibiotic ointment packets
Scissors
Tweezers
Thermometer
2 pairs of latex gloves
Sunscreen
Antidiarrhea medication
Syrup of ipecac to induce vomiting in case of poisoning
(contact poison control before use)
A basic rst aid manual (can be obtained from your
local Red Cross chapter)
Clothing, Bedding, and Sanitation Supplies
You need at least one complete change of clothing and
footwear per person. Extra-warm clothing is especially
important if you live in a cold climate.
Clothing and Bedding
Jacket
Long-sleeve shirt
Long pants
Sturdy shoes or work boots
Hat, gloves, and scarf
Rain gear
Thermal underwear
Blankets and sleeping bags
Sunglasses
Sanitary Supplies
Toilet paper
Soap
Feminine hygiene supplies
Personal hygiene items
Plastic garbage bags
Plastic bucket with tight lid
Disinfectant
Unscented liquid household chlorine bleach
Tools
Extra supplies that will help you function in an emergency
situation include:
ABCtype re extinguisher
Flashlight with extra batteries
Portable, battery-operated radio and/or television
Extra batteries
Manual can opener and utility knife
Mess kits or paper plates and plastic utensils
Pliers
Tape
Tube tent
Compass
Aluminum foil
Plastic storage containers
Signal are
Paper and pencils
Needles and thread
Medicine dropper (particularly useful for treating water
with bleach)
Shutoff wrench (for turning off gas and water)
Whistle
Plastic sheeting
Map of the area
www.quamut.com Disaster Preparedness
Special Items
Keep the following miscellaneous items in a safe and immediately accessible place:
Types of Disaster Insurance
Consult the following table to identify the types of disaster insurance you may need.
Type of
Insurance
What It Covers Who Needs It How to Get More
Information
Flood Up to $250,000
for your home
and $100,000 for
its contents for
damage cause by
oodwaters. If you
live in a particularly
hazardous area, you
can purchase excess
ood insurance from
a specialized insur-
ance company.
Those who live:
In or near a
oodplain
In a coastal area
Near any ood
hazardinland
rivers, streams,
or lakes or in
areas that could
ood from snow-
melt or water
running down a
steep hill
Flood insurance is
provided by FEMAs
National Flood
Insurance Program
(NFIP). Call NIFP at
888.379.9531 or visit
www.oodsmart.gov
to determine your
ood risk, estimate
your premium, and
nd an agent serving
your area.
Earthquake Coverage varies by
state and is limited
to the insured value
of your home, as
stated on your
homeowners policy,
plus up to $100,000
of personal property
coverage (furniture,
clothing, bedding,
electronics), and
up to $15,000 of
additional living
expenses coverage.
Anyone who lives
in a high-risk state.
Your specic
earthquake risk is
determined by your
location relative
to faults, the soil
around your home,
and the age and
type of home in
which you live.
Talk to your insurance
agent to determine
your earthquake risk,
or, if you live in Cali-
fornia, go to the Cali-
fornia Earthquake Au-
thority website: www.
earthquakeauthority.
com. Also, investigate
the mini-policy, a less
expensive, reduced-
coverage option.
Windstorm Covers damage that
results from high
winds. Ask whether
mold and mildew
are covered in
the policy.
Those who live in
a hurricane-prone
area, such as the
Atlantic seaboard or
Gulf coast.
Ask your insurance
agent whether your
current homeowners
policy covers wind-
storms. If it doesnt,
he or she can provide
you with information
or direct you to a
provider.
Sewer and
septic
Damage to carpets,
walls, and other
items caused by
ooding from septic
system backup or
overow.
Anyone, particularly
those who live in an
old house.
Ask your insurance
agent for help deter-
mining your risk. Typi-
cally, the extra rider
is about $2040 more
per year.
How to Buy Disaster Insurance
To purchase disaster insurance, you must rst: determine your disaster risk, evaluate the
potential cost of a disaster, and compare the cost of a disaster to the cost of insurance. In
particular, youll need to consider the following questions:
How much would it cost to replace your possessions in the event of a disaster?
How much would it cost to rebuild your home? Estimate this cost by multiplying the
total square footage of your home by the local building cost per square foot (call your
local real estate agent or builders association to nd out this information).
If you have a mortgage or second mortgage on your home, can you afford to keep
paying it while youre rebuilding your home?
How to Find an Insurance Agent
First, contact an insurance agent to talk about your risks and needs. You can nd companies
in the telephone book, online, or through recommendations from friends and family. There
are many options for insurance providers, so here are some tips to narrow your search:
Buy from a company licensed in your state: To nd out whether a company is
licensed, contact your states insurance department. Look it up in the telephone book
or go to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners website: www.naic.
org/state_web_map.htm.
Shop around: Prices vary, so get at least three price quotes before you commit.
Select a nancially sound company: To do so, consult independent rating agencies,
such as A. M. Best, Fitch, Moodys, and Standard & Poors.
Feel comfortable with your agent: Insurance is all about security, so make sure
you trust your company and your agent. You want to be able to call them up with a
question or get their help to le a claim.
Important Family Documents
Birth certicates
Social Security cards
Passports
Drivers licenses
Other forms of identication
Bank account numbers
Credit card numbers
Insurance documents
Inventory of household goods
Items for Babies
Formula
Diapers
Bottles
Paciers
Powdered milk
Medications
Items for the Sick or Elderly
Prescription medications
Denture needs
Hearing aids and extra batteries
Miscellaneous Items
Cash
Contact lenses and solution
Games
Storing and Maintaining Your Disaster Supplies Kit
Store your disaster supplies kit in a cool, dry place in an easy-to-carry container, such as a
backpack, dufe bag, or plastic container. Keep kits in three locations:
Home: Include all the necessary supplies
Car: Include food, water, and roadside emergency supplies, such as jumper cables,
ares, and tire patch kits
Work: Include food, water, and comfortable walking shoes
Maintain your kit by:
Dating and labeling all containers
Keeping all supplies in airtight plastic bags.
Replacing all water and food every six months
Throwing out any cans that look dented, swollen, or corroded
Disaster Insurance
Having disaster insurance is an important part of being prepared. Without it, you alone are
responsible for the costs of replacing your property and repairing your home.
What Does Homeowners Insurance Cover?
Most homeowners, particularly those with mortgages, have homeowners insurance, which
covers damage from some disasters, but not all. Most policies cover damage caused by:
Fire or lightning
Explosions
Riots or civil commotion
Aircraft
Vehicles
Smoke
Vandalism or malicious mischief
Theft
Volcanic eruption
Windstorm or hail
Falling objects
Weight of ice, sleet, or snow
Freezing of plumbing, heating, air conditioning, or any other type of household system
In addition, most homeowners policies cover both:
Property: The structure of your home and some of its contents
Personal liability: Lawsuits that may arise if someone is injured in your home
Some homeowners policies also include a loss of use provision, which covers additional
living expenses if youre forced to evacuate during a disaster.
What Does Homeowners Insurance Not Cover?
A homeowners policy does not cover damage from:
Floods
Earthquakes
Lack of maintenance
In some hurricane-prone areas, windstorm coverage is also excluded from homeowners pol-
icies. Dont wait until after a disaster to nd whether or not its covered. Determine ahead of
time the gaps that exist in your current policy and, if necessary, purchase additional riders.
www.quamut.com Disaster Preparedness
After you purchase disaster insurance, follow these steps:
Take inventory of your home: 1. List your possessions
and describe the make, model, and cost of each. Save
your receipts, especially for big purchases. Your list
can take many forms: digital video, lm, audiotape, or
writing. You can also use computer software to help
create and organize your list. Make your inventory
as complete as possibleits what youll give your
insurance representative in the event of a disaster.
Understand whats covered in your policy. 2.
Understand the process of ling a claim: 3. Your
insurance agent can guide you through this process.
Earthquakes
The Earths outer layer is divided into several major plates
that constantly move and shift in imperceptible ways; earth-
quakes occur when the pressure that builds from plate
movement is released. Earthquakes cause major disruption
to the Earths surface, without warning, and can result in
major damage or injury. The states at the highest risk of
earthquakes are Alaska, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming.
How to Prepare for an Earthquake
Earthquakes occur without warning, so its especially impor-
tant to prepare beforehand. Make sure these supplies are in
your disaster supplies kit:
Flashlight with extra batteries ( never use matches after
an earthquake, as gas lines may have leaked)
Portable, battery-operated radio/TV and extra batteries
Sturdy shoes
Fire extinguisher
Identify and Secure Earthquake Hazards in Your Home
Loose, unstable items can cause a lot of damage during an
earthquake. If you live in an earthquake zone, be sure to:
Fasten shelves securely to the wall
Store large, heavy objects on lower shelves
Store breakable objects and ammable products (such as
pesticides) on lower shelves, with cabinet doors closed
Brace overhead light xtures
Secure your water heater by strapping it to wall studs
and bolting it to the oor
Repair cracks in your ceiling and foundation and check
to make sure that your home has no structural defects
Repair any defective electrical wiring or leaky gas
connections that could lead to res
Install exible connections on gas and water lines
Locate Safe Zones in the Home
Most earthquake injuries occur not from ground movement
but from falling debris or ying glass. Safe zonesareas in
your home that pose less risk of injuryshould be:
Away from tall, unsecured furniture, hanging objects, or
anything that could collapse or fall on you
Away from mirrors, windows, pictures, or any place
where glass could shatter
Away from replaces
Away from exterior walls
Along an inside wall
Under sturdy furniture, such as a heavy desk or table
What to Do During an Earthquake
Practice these strategies to stay safe during an earthquake:
Drop, cover, hold: This is a three-step technique:
Drop to the ground.
Take cover under a sturdy piece of furniture, such
as a desk or table.
Hold on until the shaking stops.
Move to the closest safe zone: Limit your movement
during an earthquake. Go to the nearest safe zone and
wait for the shaking to subside.
Stay aware if youre trapped under debris:
Cover your mouth to avoid inhaling dust.
Rather than shout, tap on a pipe or wall to signal
for help.
Dont light matches.
Dont move around and kick up dust.
Proceed with caution after the earthquake is over:
Expect aftershocks (additional, smaller earthquakes).
Be aware of unstable ground.
Check for hazards, including res, gas leaks, and
electrical damage.
Winter Storms and Extreme Cold
Every year, winter storms bring cold temperatures, pre-
cipitation, and high winds, causing trafc problems and
power outages in cities and towns all over the United States.
People in the northern parts of the country expect harsh
winters, but almost every state can be hit by a snowstorm.
Winter storms can result in:
Car accidents
Blocked roads
Power outages
Fires or carbon monoxide poisoning from alternative
heating methods
Heart attacks from overexertion when shoveling snow
Hypothermia
Frozen pipes
Flooding
How to Prepare for a Winter Storm
In case of a storm, have these important supplies on hand:
Hat, gloves, and snow boots
Snow shovel
Ice scraper to clean off your car windows
Rock salt to melt ice on walkways
Sand to improve your traction on ice
Winter Storm Terminology
Familiarize yourself with the following storm-related terms:
Blizzard: A combination of snow, winds stronger than
35 mph, and low visibility for more than three hours.
Low temperatures in these conditions can result in
subzero wind chills.
Wind chill: The temperature that you actually feel
when the effect of wind is taken into account.
Freezing rain: Rain that freezes upon impact with a
cold surface, forming a glaze of ice that can cause
dangerous road conditions.
Sleet: Rain that freezes as it falls, creating small pellets
of ice that can cause dangerous road conditions.
Hail: Lumps of ice that sometimes form during
thunderstorms. They can cause property damage,
especially when the balls of hail are large.
Winter storm watch: An indication that signicant
accumulations of snow, freezing rain, sleet, and other
dangerous conditions are possible in the next
1248 hours.
Winter storm warning: An indication that a
combination of two or more winter storm conditions
(heavy snow, freezing rain, sleet, and/or strong winds)
are either occurring, imminent, or highly likely.
Winterize Your Home
A severe winter storm can have damaging and costly effects
on your home. Keep the impact to a minimum by taking
these preemptive measures.
Insulate your pipes: Cover all exposed pipe lengths
and joints with berglass or rubber insulation. You can
also wrap pipes with heating tape. Tend to minor pipe
damage before it becomes a major hassle.
Insulate your attic, walls, and crawl space: Doing so
will keep drafts out and warm air in, and will also help
keep pipes from freezing.
Cover your windows with plastic or install storm
windows.
Clear your gutters: Twigs and leaves in gutters can
block the ow of snow and ice, causing ice damming, a
condition in which water seeps into the house instead
of out the gutters. Install gutter guards to keep debris
out and direct the ow of water away from your house.
Trim tree branches near your home : A storm can
cause tree branches to fall, damaging your property.
Have a stock of extra supplies on hand: This
includes enough food and water to last three days, and
extra fuel, such as wood for a wood-burning stove.
What to Do During a Snowstorm
Whenever possible, stay inside during a snowstorm:
Stay informed: Listen to your radio, television, or
NOAA Weather Radio for updates.
Conserve heat in your home: But dont let the tem-
perature drop below 65your pipes might freeze.
Let your faucets drip a little bit: A trickle of water
keeps pipes from freezing in very cold weather. If your
pipes do freeze, remove their insulation and wrap them
in rags. Then open the faucets and pour hot water over
the spot(s) where you think the pipes may be frozen.
If you must go outside during a snowstorm:
Dress for the weather: Wear a hat, mittens, a scarf,
and several layers of loose, lightweight, warm clothing.
Dont overexert yourself when shoveling snow:
This is a common cause of heart attacks.
Cover your mouth: Frigid air can hurt your lungs.
Watch for signs of frostbite: The rst sign of frostbite
is numbness and whiteness, usually on your ngers,
toes, ear lobes, or the tip of your nose.
Watch for signs of hypothermia: Symptoms include
disorientation, memory loss, drowsiness, intense
shivering, and incoherence. If you suspect hypothermia,
go indoors immediately and get medical help.
Extreme Heat
Extreme heat is dened as several weeks during which the
temperatures are 10F above average for the region. Heat is
especially dangerous to:
Young children
The elderly
People who are ill
People who are overweight
Heat waves affect the South and West the most, but they
can hit all parts of the nation, resulting in wildres, drought,
heat-related illnesses, and power outages.
www.quamut.com Disaster Preparedness
How to Prepare For Extreme Heat
First, get to know common heat-related terms:
Heat wave: Technically speaking, 48 hours of temperatures that are higher than 90F,
combined with more than 80% relative humidity.
Heat index: A relative temperature that conveys how hot it feels with the heat and
humidity factored in. Exposure to full sunshine can increase the heat index by 15F.
Heat cramps: Often the rst sign of a heat-related illness; characterized by muscular
pains and spasms, usually in the abdomen or legs.
Heat exhaustion: A symptom that occurs when body uids are lost through heavy
sweating, usually due to overexertion during hot, humid weather. Blood ow to the skin
increases, causing a decrease in blood ow to the vital organs. The body enters mild
shock that will lead to heat stroke unless treated immediately.
Heat stroke/sunstroke: A failure of the bodys cooling system, often indicated by the
fact that the victim has stopped sweating. If the body is not cooled quickly, brain
damage or death could occur.
To prepare your home for extreme heat, its important to follow these guidelines:
Have air conditioners, fans, and ice on hand.
Make sure that air conditioners are installed properly. They should t snugly in the
window or wall. Insulate any gaps that would allow cool air to seep out.
Use shades, curtains, or blinds to cover windows that receive full sun.
Consider installing outdoor awnings or louvers (slatted panels). They can reduce heat
in the home by 80%.
Keep storm windows installed all year.
Weatherstrip doors and windows to keep cool air in and hot air out.
How to Endure a Period of Extreme Heat
Here are some ways to cope and keep cool in extreme heat:
Stay inside during the suns hottest hours: If you want to do an outdoor activity,
take frequent breaks, or just wait until the sun starts to go down.
Stay on the lowest level of the house: Heat rises, so the lower the better.
Drink a lot of water: If youre sweating, it means youre losing important bodily uids.
Dehydration can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke.
Dress appropriately: Wear loose, lightweight clothing and, if youre outside, a wide-
brimmed hat.
Use sunscreen: Sunburns are uncomfortable and can have lasting effectsthey
contribute to aging and are a major risk factor for skin cancer.
Go to air-conditioned public places during the hottest part of the day: From
11 a.m. to 2 p.m. or so, you might want to go to the movies or a shopping mall.
Eat light, and dont drink alcohol: A cold beer might taste great on a hot day, but
dont overdo it. Avoid high-protein food, which increases metabolic heat in the body.
Check on relatives, friends, and neighbors: Anyone who doesnt have air
conditioning and spends much of their time alone is at risk for a heat-related illness.
Conserve electricity: A rolling blackout occurs when the power company shuts off
power deliberately to keep the entire electricity grid from overloading. Rolling blackouts
are often imposed during heat waves because excessive use of air conditioners
stresses the power grids. So follow these energy-conservation tips:
Set your thermostat no lower than 78F when youre home. Turn off individual AC
units or raise whole-house systems to a higher temperature when youre out.
Switch to compact uorescent light bulbsthey use less energy and generate less
heat than regular incandescent bulbs.
Use major heat-generating appliances only early in the day or late at night.
Turn off all unnecessary lights and appliances when not in use.
Heat-Related Illnesses
Most heat related illnesses are a result of overexertion and overexposure to the sun. The rst
step is to recognize the symptoms, and the second is to address the problem.
Condition Symptoms What to Do
Heat cramps Painful muscular spasms,
usually in the legs or
abdomen, accompanied
by heavy sweating.
Stop, move out of the sun, and
rest. Sip small amounts of water.
Stretch and massage the cramping
muscles lightly.
Heat exhaustion Heavy sweating with cool,
moist, pale, or ushed
skin. Possible dizziness,
nausea, weakness, or
exhaustion. Body tempera-
ture may be normal and
skin may not feel hot.
Lie down in a cool place and fan.
Loosen or remove tight cloth-
ing and apply cool, wet cloths.
If conscious, sip water slowly (a
half-glass every 15 minutes). Seek
medical attention if vomiting or
loss of consciousness occurs.
Heat stroke High body temperature (as
high as 105F). Hot, red,
dry skin. Rapid, weak pulse
and rapid, shallow breath-
ing. In severe cases, vomit-
ing, confusion, or complete
unconsciousness.
Call 911 and go directly to the
hospital. Move to a cooler location.
Remove clothing and bathe in cool
water or wrap body in cool, wet
sheets. Watch for breathing prob-
lems. Place ice packs on the wrists,
ankles, armpits, and neck.
Tornadoes
A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a rotating, funnel-
shaped column of air that extends to the ground. Tornadoes grow
out of extreme thunderstorms, tropical storms, and hurricanes.
Tornadoes vary greatly in shape and size, but on average, a tornado
is 500 feet across and stays on the ground for ve miles. The United
States has a higher occurrence of tornadoes than any other country
in the worldthe states at the highest risk are Texas, Oklahoma,
Mississippi, Iowa, Alabama, Georgia, Kansas, Arkansas, Louisiana,
Illinois, Indiana, and Nebraska.
What to Do When You Anticipate a Tornado
Tornadoes are typically preceded by the following danger signs:
A dark, greenish sky
Large hail
A large, low-lying cloud, especially if a funnel is present
A loud roar
Also, learn the difference between a tornado watch and a tornado warning:
Tornado watch: Tornadoes are possible. Remain alert, watch the sky, and listen to
weather updates.
Tornado warning: A tornado has been sighted or has popped up on a weather radar.
Take shelter immediately. If youre in a vehicle, trailer, or mobile home, proceed to the
nearest shelter.
Pick a Safe Room in Your House
A safe room is the room in your house that will shelter you from violent tornado winds. All
family members should know which room has been designated the safe room. If you live in a
tornado-prone area, consider building a storm cellar below ground. A safe room should be:
On the lowest building level (ideally, a basement or storm cellar)
Away from corners and windows
Toward the interior of your house, away from exterior wallsespecially if you dont
have a basement
What to Do During a Tornado
If youre inside or close to home when a tornado approaches:
Go to your homes designated safe room.
Stay away from windows and exterior walls.
Dont open windows.
Get under a sturdy piece of furniture, such as a table.
If youre in a vehicle or trailer when a tornado approaches:
Exit immediately. Trailers are often swept up by a tornados violent winds, even when
theyre tied down.
Proceed to the nearest shelter area.
If youre stuck outside when a tornado approaches:
Go to the lowest, attest location, such as a ditch in a eld. Then lie down.
Dont runtornados are faster than you are. Locate a place of shelter and stay there.
Be alert to ying debris or ooding.
Dont seek shelter under overpasses or bridges. A at, low area offers the
best protection.
a tornado in Kansas
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Hurricanes
Hurricanes are storm systems that form over oceans, with
wind speeds of at least 74 mph. Theyre classied into ve
categories, from Category 1 (least severe) to Category 5
(most severe), according to wind speed, central pressure,
and damage potential.
Every year, hurricanes pound coastal areas along the Atlan-
tic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. They are characterized
by violent winds and heavy rain, which can often lead to
ooding and tornadoes. Category 3 and higher hurricanes
will likely cause major damage and require evacuation. Its
important to know how to act quickly and efciently.
Hurricane Terminology
If a hurricane is headed toward land, forecasters will issue
alerts using the following terminology:
Tropical depression: The rst stage of what could
become a tropical storm or hurricane. Winds are 38
mph or less.
Tropical storm: Similar to a hurricane, but less severe,
with winds ranging from 3973 mph. These storms
often develop into hurricanes, and this is the stage at
which storms are named.
Tropical storm/hurricane watch: Indicates that the
storm, whether a tropical storm or hurricane, could hit
within 36 hours.
Tropical storm/hurricane warning: Indicates that
tropical storm or hurricane conditions will hit the area
within 24 hours.
What to Do Before a Hurricane Strikes
Stay informed: The earlier you know about the
approaching weather, the more time you have to
prepare. Listen regularly to weather reports during
hurricane season, which is from June to November,
peaking in the period from mid-August to October.
Protect your home against high winds: To do so:
Install storm shutters or board up your
windows: Use 5/8" marine plywood thats been cut
to t and is ready to install.
Install hurricane straps to fasten your roof to
your home: Choose straps with the maximum uplift
and shear capacities available. Call you contractor
or hardware store for more information.
Trim vegetation around your home: Falling tree
branches and uprooted shrubs can cause signicant
damage to your property. Pay special attention to
heavy branches that are positioned in potentially
damaging spots.
Clear gutters: Cleaning out your gutters will help
ensure proper water drainage during the heavy rain
of a hurricane.
Bring in outdoor furniture: Violent winds can
toss around patio furniture, grills, and other items,
causing further damage to property.
Make an evacuation plan: You may have to evacuate
on short notice. Always evacuate immediately if:
Youve been directed to by local authorities
You live in a mobile home or any other kind of
temporary structure that wont hold up to high
winds or rain
You live in a high-rise building
You live in a place prone to ooding, such as near
rivers, in a ood plain, near inland waterways, or on
a seacoast
What to Do During a Hurricane
If youre not able to evacuate, follow these instructions:
Secure and brace external doors.
Close all interior doors.
Close curtains or blinds and stay away from windows.
High winds can cause windows to shatter.
Turn off all utilities.
Fill your bathtub and any other large containers with
water in case water lines are damaged by the storm.
Lie on the oor under a sturdy table.
Stay alert to approaching weather. If the eye (center)
of the hurricane passes over you, it will create a false
sense of calmin fact, a second round is soon to
follow. Tornadoes and oods can also trail a hurricane.
Go to your designated safe room.
Floods
A ood is the accumulation of excess water on land thats
normally dry. Floods can occur anywhere: in the mountains,
in the desert, on the coast, or inland. Floods are the most
common natural disaster in the United States, though many
people dont even realize that theyre at riskit takes only an
inch or two of water to cause signicant damage to a home.
To determine your specic ood risk, look at ood maps
of your area. These are available at FEMAs Map Service Cen-
ter, at 800.358.9616, or online at msc.fema.gov. Flood maps
for a specic property are usually a few dollars apiece.
Types of Floods
Floods happen when bodies of water overow or snow
thaws, causing runoff. They can occur suddenly, without
warning, or build slowly over days. Types of oods include:
Flash ood: A sudden rise of water that carries with
it mud, rocks, and debris. Flash oods are the most
dangerous type of ood, as they can develop within
minutes, with little or no warning. They can even
happen without the presence of rain or thunder clouds.
Overland ood: A ood that occurs when water ows
over land to reach waterways. The low-lying land
around rivers that periodically experiences overland
ooding is called a ood plain.
Flood caused by new development: A ood that
stems from poor drainage or soil absorption due to
urban development. These oods are an increasing
issue as urban areas continue to grow. Though forests
and meadows absorb water, roads and buildings do
notand new developments also change the natural
drainage of an area, which can cause ooding in the
development itself or push ooding to nearby areas.
How to Minimize Flood Damage
To prevent extensive ood damage to your home:
Elevate your furnace, water heater, and electric panel
off of the oor.
Seal your basement walls with waterproong
compounds to prevent seepage.
Install check valves in your sewer traps. These prevent
ood water from backing up into your drains.
Check your sump pump. Clean it, test it, and make sure
that your discharge hose delivers the water to a well-
drained area several feet away from your home.
Move any valuables to a higher location.
Elevate appliances, especially in the basement. Put
washers, dryers, and freezers up on wood blocks to
keep their motors dry.
What to Do During a Flood
During a ood, listen to the radio or watch TV for updates on
the weather, evacuation advisories, and road blockages. If
you suspect ash ooding, move to higher ground immedi-
ately. If local authorities advise you to evacuate:
Have a full tank of gas.
Move your furniture to the upper levels of your home.
Shut off all your utilities.
Disconnect your electrical appliances.
Know the right evacuation routedont take shortcuts.
Dont drive in ooded areasjust 6" of water can cause
your car to stall, and 12" of water will oat most
vehicles. If water rises around your car, abandon it and
move to higher ground.
Fires and Wildres
Fires are one of the most common
disasters in the home. Each year,
more than 4,000 Americans die
in res, many of which stem from
preventable causes such as:
Damaged chimneys
Faulty electrical wiring
Dryers
Kitchen oil
Combustibles
Human carelessness, such as smoking in bed or leaving
a candle burning unattended
How to Reduce the Risk of Fires in the Home
Follow these guidelines to ensure that you home is re-safe.
Install smoke alarms on every oor: Position them
on the wall or ceiling just outside every bedroom, near
(but not in) the kitchen, at the top of open stairways,
and at the bottom of enclosed stairways. Test them
once a month, replace the batteries once a year, and
replace each alarm itself every 10 years.
Have re extinguishers on hand: Put ABC-grade re
extinguishers in the kitchen and garage. Make sure that
every adult family member knows how to use them.
Plan escape routes: Know at least two ways out of
every room. Practice them with your family.
Fireproof the inside of your home: To do so:
Clean out storage areas. Store ammable liquids in
well-ventilated areas.
Check electrical wiring. Make sure that all outlets
have cover plates and insulation doesnt touch bare
wiring. Dont overload extension cords or outlets.
Keep open ames, such as candles, away from
curtains, furniture, or any other ammable material.
Never leave a candle burning unattended.
Have your heating units inspected and cleaned
once a year by a specialist.
Dont leave food cooking in the kitchen unattended.
Be careful when cooking with very hot oil or grease.
Dont throw ammable liquids into the trash.
What to Do During a Fire
If theres a re inside your home:
Get outre spreads quickly, so time is of the essence.
Follow your preplanned escape routes.
If any of your clothing catches re, stop, drop, and roll
to put the re out.
floods in New Orleans caused by Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina
a house fire
www.quamut.com Disaster Preparedness
Crawl low to the ground.
Use the back of your hand to test doors before opening
them. Feel doorknobs and the top of the door for heat.
If the door is hot, dont open it.
Try to escape through a window. If you cant, hang a
white sheet or towel from the window to alert
reghters to your presence.
Shut doors as you leave to delay the spread of the re.
How to Reduce the Risk of Wildre Damage
Though wildres are sometimes caused by human error,
theyre also a natural phenomenon that occurs in wilder-
ness areas that support tree growth. The danger of wildres
is that they can spread quickly to residential or agricultural
areas. Wildres may be caused by:
Lightning
Drought
Human carelessness
Arson
Heat waves
Contact your local re department to nd out whether
youre in a wildre hazard zone. Dry, western states, such as
California and Wyoming, have the most wildres every year
because the vegetation is particularly ammable. If you live
in a state prone to wildres, and your home borders wilder-
ness areas, take the following preventative measures:
Fireproof the Outside of Your Home
Your roof is the most vulnerable part of your home,
since sparks carried by the wind can ignite it. Consider
reroong using re-resistant material.
Clear pine needles and other debris from your gutters.
Cover your chimney outlet or stovepipe with a
1/2"-mesh (or smaller) nonammable screen.
Enclose the undersides of balconies and decks with
re-resistant material.
Install only double- or triple-glazed (paned) windows.
The radiant heat from a wildre can ignite furniture
inside your home from 30 feet away.
Make sure that your house number is visible from
the street and that your driveway allows access to
emergency vehicles.
Create Defensible Space
Defensible space is a zone surrounding the perimeter of
your home that keeps the re from reaching the actual
structure. In particular, defensible space breaks up the path
of plants that enable the re to spread. Defensible space
also gives reghters a safe area from which to extinguish a
re. To create defensible space around your home:
Remove ammable vegetation from around
your home: Usually, at least 100 feet of clearance is
advisable, but check with your insurance agent.
Trim tree branches: Tree branches should be at least
6 feet from the ground and 10 feet from your chimney.
Remove dead trees or branches, and dont allow
any branches to hang over the roof. Call your utility
company for help trimming any tree branches near
power lines.
Cut your grass: Make sure your grass is always less
than 6" high.
Remove dry grass, brush, or dead leaves from the
immediate perimeter of your home: This debris is
particularly ammable. The more space you clear, the
better, but make sure to clear at least 30 feet.
Consider planting re-resistant plants: Ask your
local nursery or landscaper for recommendations.
Keep rewood away: Stack rewood at least 30 feet
away from your home.
What to Do During a Blackout
In the event of a blackout, obey this list of dos and donts:
Do . . . Dont . . .
Use a ashlight Use a candle
Disconnect all appliances
and electronics (this
will protect your equip-
ment from damage if the
power comes back on
in surges)
Open the refrigerator or
freezer too much, as this
allows cold air to escape
(this is especially impor-
tant if you or a family
member take medication
that requires refrigeration)
Listen for updates on a
battery-operated radio
Call 911 unless theres an
emergency
Turn off all lights except
for one (this light will sig-
nal when the power goes
back on)
Drive unless absolutely
necessary (trafc signals
will be disabled, making
the roads dangerous)
Generator Safety Tips
If you use a power generator during the blackout, remem-
ber to observe these safety tips:
Never try to power your entire houses wiring by
plugging the generator into a wall outlet.
Never use a generator indoors, even if a window or
garage door is open. Generators produce high levels
of carbon monoxide gas, which is lethal.
Use heavy-duty, outdoor-use extension cords to
connect appliances to the generator. Make sure
that they have a higher wattage rating than the total
wattage rating of the connected appliances.
Turn the generator off and let it cool before refueling.
Terrorism
The World Trade Center attacks on September 11th, 2001,
awakened Americans to the prospect of terrorism on
domestic soil. Terrorism is dened as the use of force or
violence against people or property in a way that violates
U.S. law. Terrorism is used to:
Create fear in the public
Get publicity for a cause
Make citizens feel as though their government cannot
protect them
Acts of terrorism can take many forms, such as:
Assassinations
Kidnappings
Hijackings
Bombings or bomb scares
Cyberattacks
Chemical, biological, nuclear, or radiological attacks
Some locations are at a higher risk for terrorist attacks.
These high-risk locations include:
Large cities
Military and civilian government facilities
International airports
High-prole landmarks
Large public gatherings
Corporate centers
Utilities
Food and water supply centers
If you live in a high-risk area, consider stocking up on these
extra supplies:
What to Do in the Event of a Wildre
If a wildre approaches your home:
Know at least two exit routes from your neighborhood.
Close any openings in your home. This includes vents,
windows, eaves, attic doors, and pet doors.
Move any ammable material, such as woodpiles, grills,
and patio furniture, outside of your defensible space.
Remove any ammable drapes from your windows.
Close shutters and blinds to reduce radiant heat.
Shut off your gas.
Gather your valuables and be ready for a quick exit.
If youre forced to evacuate due to a wildre:
Leave all inside and outside lights on.
Leave your doors and windows closed but unlocked.
This will allow reghters easy entry.
Blackouts
On August 14, 2003, 50 million people in the Midwest,
Northeast, and Canada suddenly lost power in a massive
blackout. Some areas did not have power restored for four
days. Blackouts can occur due to:
Defects in a power station
Overloading of power grids
Downed power lines
Short circuits
Though the 2003 blackout was more severe than most
blackouts in the United States, even a short loss of power
can cause major inconveniences and lead to more danger-
ous situations.
How to Minimize Damage from a Blackout
Power outages are always an inconvenience, but you can
make them less of a problem by following these guidelines:
Know how to locate helpful supplies: Store your
ashlight, extra batteries, and a portable radio in easy-
to-nd places.
Back up your data regularly: Losing important les is
one of the most common results of a blackout. If you
rely heavily on your computer equipment, consider
installing an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), a
device that switches from utility power to a separate
power source in the event of a blackout.
Use surge protectors: Surge protectors block unsafe
voltage from reaching your electronics. Look for a
surge protector that has a low clamping voltage and a
high energy absorption rating and responds in less than
one nanosecond.
Have non-electronic backups: Wireless phones and
garage door openers wont work without electricity.
Know how to locate the manual release on your garage
door and have a standard corded phone to use in case
the power goes out.
Conserve energy: Help the power company manage
power loads by making energy conservation a part of
your daily life. This will also prevent rolling blackouts.
Have contingencies for those with special needs:
If you or a family member has a disability that requires
the use of power-operated equipment, such as a
battery-operated wheelchair or a life support system,
youll need to take some extra steps to prepare. For
instance, buy a power generator or have an extra
wheelchair battery or a manual wheelchair in storage.
www.quamut.com Disaster Preparedness
Scissors
Duct tape
Dust mask
Plastic sheeting (this is used, along with the duct tape,
to cover doors, windows, and vents if you need to keep
out harmful chemicals or dust; you can precut the
plastic to t over the openings)
For more information on acts of terrorism, go to the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security website, www.dhs.gov,
and click on Citizens. There youll nd links on safety, se-
curity, travel, and more.
General Guidelines
Acts of terrorism are frightening and unpredictable, but
there are ways to be prepared. Primarily, always be alert by
doing the following:
Be aware of your surroundings
Know where exits are, especially in high-risk locations
Report suspicious activity or unattended packages to
the authorities
Never accept packages from strangers
Alert authorities if you feel uncomfortable
In addition to watching the news, reading the newspaper,
and being generally aware of whats going on in the world,
pay attention to the National Threat Level, the color-coded
Homeland Security Advisory system that gauges the risk of
a terrorist attack. If the level is set to red or orange, it means
that the government is on high alert.
Explosions
Explosions are loud, chaotic, and frightening. If one occurs
near or in your building or home, try to keep your wits about
you and follow these guidelines:
Get out as soon as possible. Exit the building via the
stairs, not the elevators. Watch for unstable oors or
falling debris.
If debris is falling, protect yourself under a sturdy desk
or table.
Try to stay away from windows or glass doors. They
can shatter easily.
Dont make phone calls.
Dont waste time. Leave your personal items behind.
Biological Threats
A biological threat occurs when damaging organisms or
toxins are released with the intention of harming people,
livestock, or crops. There are three basic groups of bio-
logical agents: bacteria, viruses, and toxins. They can be
released into a community via:
Aerosols , which are ne mists that spray into the air
The infection of animals that could potentially carry the
disease to humans
The contamination of food and water
Signs of contamination can be difcult to detect until
author ities have determined the agent and symptoms that
accompany infection. The best thing to do is stay informed.
Chemical Threats
A chemical threat entails the release of poisonous agents
that have a toxic effect on people, animals, and plants.
These agents can take the form of aerosols, liquids, solids,
or vapors, and can cause a variety of symptoms, including:
Difculty breathing
Loss of coordination
Nausea
Burning or irritation in the eyes, nose, or throat
The good news is that chemical weapons are difcult to
produce and are rarely lethal.
What to Do in the Event of a Biological or
Chemical Attack
In the event of a biological or chemical attack, follow these
general guidelines:
Stay informed. Listen or watch for updates about the
proper course of action.
If you can locate the source of the attack, move away
from it. If youre outside, move upwind.
Seek shelter in a safe room. Ideally, this is a room with
no windows.
Close all doors and turn off air conditioning or other
ventilation if possible.
If you think you or someone near you has been exposed:
Remove and bag your clothes. Cut off your clothing
rather than pulling it over your head.
Wash with soap and water. Flush your eyes with water
and, if you wear glasses, soak them in a solution of
bleach and water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
For more information on biological and chemical threats,
consult the U.S. Centers for Disease Control website at
www.bt.cdc.gov.
How to Plan for Your Pets
Pets can present a special challenge during disasters, so
you must plan ahead for your pets safety.
Monitor pet behavior: Stress can cause erratic pet
behavior, even if your animal is usually calm and trust-
worthy. If you have multiple pets, keep them separated
from one another.
Keep tabs on pets: Animals have a keen sense of
weather and often hide when severe weather
approaches. If weather threatens, keep your pets
close to you so that they dont disappear.
Dont leave pets at home: Leaving your pet at
home is the worst option for your pet. But if you
absolutely cannot evacuate your pet to a safe place,
follow these instructions:
Conne your pet to a safe area inside your home.
Never leave your pet chained outside.
Provide plenty of food and water. Remove the toilet
lid, raise the seat, and brace the bathroom door
open so that your pet has access to more water
if necessary.
Place a visible notice outside your home providing
information about where your pets are located and
how you and your vet can be reached.
Plan Where to Board Your Pet
For health reasons, the only animals allowed in shelters
are service animals for those with disabilities. Do some
research ahead of time to set up other shelter possibilities
for your pet. Look into the following places and make a list.
Pet-friendly hotels and motels
Friends and relatives outside the area
Boarding facilities/veterinarians
Animal shelters
Evacuation notices often come hours or days in advance.
Once a warning is issued, call to conrm shelter arrange-
ments. Also, make sure that your pets are wearing up-to-
date tags. If you know the contact information for your pets
temporary shelter, tape it to the back of the pets tag or add
another temporary tag to their collar.
Assemble a Pet Disaster Supplies Kit
If you have to evacuate, youll need pet supplies. Keep them
in an easy-to-carry container thats stored in an accessible
place. Your kit should include:
Food, water, bowls, and a can opener
Any leashes, harnesses, or carriers that will ensure
your pets safety during transport
Cat litter and pan
Medications and medical records
Information about feeding schedules, medical con-
ditions, or behavior problemsinclude the name and
phone number of your veterinarian
Current photo of your pet in case it gets lost
Post-Disaster Guidelines
Once a disaster has occurred, the most pressing concern is
the health and safety of your family.
Aiding the Injured
When helping an injured person:
Dont attempt to move him unless a threat of further
injury exists.
If you have to move him, stabilize his neck and back.
Maintain his body temperature with blankets.
If he is not breathing, perform CPR.
Monitor him for signs of shock and exhaustion.
Its easy to forget about your own health in the aftermath
of a disaster, but you cant help others if youre not healthy
yourself. Remember to eat, sleep, and stay hydrated.
Safety Issues
Disasters can alter the landscape of your city, town, neigh-
borhood, or home. Whether youre returning home from an
evacuation or emerging from your safe room, use extreme
caution. Dont return home until the authorities deem it safe
to do so. When you do return, keep an eye out for:
Road damage: Drive only on recommended routes.
Look for washed-out roads and downed power lines.
Fires and chemical spills: Alert the authorities if you
happen upon either of these scenarios.
Damaged electrical wiring: If you didnt turn off the
electricity before the disaster, turn it off at the main
fuse box. Never check the electricity if you are wet or
standing in water. Dont turn on the lights unless youre
sure theyre safe to use.
Gas leaks: Never use an open ame as a source of
light inside your homeif theres a gas leak, it will
cause an explosion. Use a battery-powered ashlight
that you turn on outsidethe spark created when you
switch the ashlight on can be a hazard if combined
with gas. Never enter your home if you smell gas.
Damaged water and sewage systems: Turn off
the water at the main valve. Check your pipes. Dont
ush any toilets. Dont drink your tap water until the
authorities have informed you that its safe to do so.
Roof, chimney, and foundation damage: Check for
res on the roof, cracks in the chimney, and damage
to the foundation. Make sure that your home is
structurally sound before you set foot in it.
Flooding: If your basement is ooded, pump the water
out gradually. Your oors and walls, which will most
likely be waterlogged, could collapse if you do it all at
once. Floodwater can be contaminated with chemicals
or raw sewage, so try to stay away from it. Throw away
anything that has come in contact with oodwater.
Animals: Beware of snakes and rodents that may have
sought refuge in your home during the ood.
File an insurance claim: Take pictures or video, and
keep detailed records of all the damage caused by the
disaster. Call your insurance agent for instructions on
how to le a claim.
Shock and recovery: Disasters are stressful, and the
aftermath can be frightening. Contact your local relief
organizationsthey can be an enormous source of
support during the recovery process.