Influence line for statically indeterminate structures

No.1 Prepare an influence line for the vertical reaction at b of given beam.

EI Constant

20

No.2. Prepare an influence line for the vertical reaction at a of given beam.

EI Constant

15

No.3 Compute the ordinates at interval of 2.5 ft of the influence line for the reaction at A
for the beam shown. (EI constant)





No.4. Compute the ordinates at interval of 3 ft of the influence line for the reaction at B for
the beam shown. (EI constant)





No.5. Prepare an influence line for the moment at support b of given continuous beam.






No.6. Prepare an influence line for the moment at support c of given continuous beam.






No.7. Prepare an influence line for the moment at support b of given continuous beam.





No.8. Assuming x sectional area 'A' for all members to be constant. Prepare an influence
lines for the forces in the redundant bars of given truss.





a
b
a
b
2




No.9. Assuming x sectional area 'A' of all members to be constant. Prepare an influence
lines for the forces in the redundant bars of given truss.












No.10. Prepare an influence line for the moment at support d of given continuous beam.











Analysis of shear - wall structures

No.11. Find the approximate values of the end moments in a column and a shear wall in a
structure which has the same plan as in fig shown and has four stories of equal height
h =b. The frame is subjected to a horizontal force in the x direction of magnitude p/2
at top floor and p at each of the other floor levels. The properties of members are as
follows: for any column I =17 x 10
-6
b
4
, for any beam I =34 x 10
-6
b
4
, and for any
wall I =87 x 10
-3
b
4
. Take E =2.3 G. The area of wall cross section =222 x 10
-3
b
2
.
Consider shear deformation in the wall only.





3




















Introduction to Structural Dynamics

No.12. A weightless cantilever of length L and constant flexural rigidity EI carries a weight
W at its end. Neglecting the moment of inertia I of the mass about its center. (a) Find
the natural angular frequency and the natural period of vibration of the system. (b) If
the motion is initiated by displacing the mass in a direction perpendicular to the
cantilever by a distance of WL
3
and then leaving the system to vibrate freely,
3EI
what is the max: displacement? What is the displacement at any time t?


No.13. Compute the natural angular frequency of vibration in sidesway for the frame in the
fig: and calculate the natural period of vibration. Idealize the frame as a one-degree-
of- freedom system. Neglect the axial and shear deformations and the weight of the
columns. If initially the displacement is 1 in and the velocity is 10 in /sec, what is the
amplitude and what is the displacement at t =1sec?





4
No.14.(a) A one-story building is idealized as a rigid girder supported by weightless
columns as shown in fig: In order to evaluate the dynamic properties of this
structure, a free vibration test is made, in which the roof system ( rigid girder ) is
displaced laterally by a hydraulic jack and then released. During the jacking
operation, it is observed that a force of 20 kip is required to displaced the girder
0.2 in. After the instantaneous release of this initial displacement, the max:
displacement on the return swing is only 0.16 in and the period of this
displacement cycle is T =1.4 sec.












No.14 (b) The weight W of the building of fig: is 200 kip and the building is set into free
vibration by releasing it (at time t =0) from a displacement of 1.2 in. If the max:
displacement on the return swing is 0.86 in at time t =0.64 s, determine: (a) the
lateral spring stiffness. (b) the damping ratio and ( c ) the damping coefficient.











No.15. Assume that the mass and stiffness of the structure of fig: are as follows: m =2ks
2
/in,
s =40 k /in. If the system is set into free vibration with initial conditions D (o) =0.7
in and D (o) =5.6 in/s, determine the displacement and velocity at t =1.0 sec,
assuming (a) c =0 ( undamped system), (b) c =2.8 ks/in.








No.16. Determine the max: steadystate sides way in the frame shown in fig: When it is
subjected to a harmonic horizontal force at the level of BC of magnitude of 4 sin 14t
(kip) and (a) no damping is present (b) the damping coefficient =0.1.


5











No.17. Determine the natural circular frequencies and characteristic shapes for the two-
degree-of-freedom systems shown in fig.








No.18. Determine the natural circular frequencies and characteristic shapes for the two-
degree-of-freedom systems shown in the fig.










No.19. Find the angular frequencies and the normal mode characteristic shapes for the
cantilever in fig shown vibrating freely in the plane of the fig. Neglect the axial
deformations and consider only the lumped masses.















6
No.20. Find the response of the system shown in fig to a set of harmonic forces at the three
coordinates shown. P
1
=2 P
0
sin t, P
2
=P
0
sin t, and P
3
=P
0
sin t.















No.21. Find the response of the system shown in fig to a support motion described by

s
=g/5 sin t, where =4 t ( 1/sec ) and g is the acceleration due to gravity.












No.22. Determine the natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes for the shear
building shown in fig.




















7
Finite Element Method

No.23. For the spring assemblage with arbitrarily numbered nodes shown in fig. obtain (a)
the global stiffness matrix (b) the displacements of nodes 3 and 4. (c) the reaction
forces at node 1 and 2 (d) the forces in each spring . A force of 5000 lb is applied at
node 4 in the x direction. The spring constants are given in the fig. Nodes 1 and 2 are
fixed.








No.24. For the spring assemblages shown in fig, obtain (a) the global stiffness matrix, (b) the
displacement of nodes 2, 3 and 4 (c) the global nodal forces and (d) the local element
forces. Node 1 is fixed while node 5 is given a fixed, known displacement o=20 mm.
The spring constants are all equal to k =200 kN/m.








No.25. (a) Obtain the global stiffness matrix K of the assemblage shown in fig by
superimposing the stiffness matrices of the individual springs. Here k
1
, k
2
, and k
3

are the stiffness of the springs as shown.
(b) If nodes 1 and 2 are fixed and a force P acts on node 4 in the positive x direction,
find an expression for the displacements of nodes 3 and 4.
(c) Determine the reaction forces at nodes 1 and 2.







No.26. For the spring assemblage shown in fig, determine the displacement at node 2 and the
forces in each spring element. Also determine the force F
3
. Given node 3 displaces an
amount o =1 in the positive x direction because of the force F
3
and k
1
=k
2
=1000
lb/in.








8
No.27. (a) For the spring assemblage shown in fig, obtain the global stiffness matrix by direct
superposition.
(b) If nodes 1 is fixed while node 5 is given a fixed, known displacement of o as
shown in fig, determine the nodal displacements.
(c) Determine the reactions at the fixed nodes 1 and 5.







No.28. For the spring assemblages shown in fig, determine the nodal displacements, the
forces in each element and the reactions. Use the direct stiffness method.






No.29 Describe the flow chart for determining the member forces in given structure by finite
element analysis.


No.30 (a) If the system is shown has a damping coefficient =0.1, what are the damped
natural circular frequency and natural period of damped vibration? What is the
displacement at t =1 sec, if D
0
=1 in and D
0
=10 in/sec?













(EI)
AB
=(EI)
CD
=10
7
k-in
2




No.30 (b) If the amplitude of free vibration of a system with one degree of freedom decrease
by 50% in 3 cycle, what is the damping coefficient?






9
Answer

1. Prepare an influence line for the vertical reaction at b of this beam.
















1 2
EIA
nb
= x x (20 (20 )) +(20 - ) x
2 3 2

1 2 20
2

3

= x x + -
2 3 2 2

x
3

3

= + 10
2
-
3 2

3

= 10
2
-
6

1 2 8000
EIA
bb
= x 20 x 20 ( x 20 ) =
2 3 3
EIA
nb
x
3
3
X
b
= =(10x
2
- ) x
EIA
bb
6 8000

Influence ordinates for 4ft interval.

4
3
3
At x =4 X
b
= 10 x 4
2 -
x =0.056
6 8000

At x =8' X
b
=0.208
At x =12' X
b
=0.432
At x =16' X
b
=0. 704
At x =20' X
b
=1









10
2. Prepare an influence line for the vertical reaction at a of this beam.


















1 2
EIA
na
= x x x +(15 - ) x x
2 3 2


3

3

3

= +7.5
2
- = 7.5
2
-
3 2 6

15
3

EIA
aa
= 7.5 x 15
2
- = 1125
6

EIA
na
x
3
1
X
a
= =(7.5 x
2
- ) x
EIA
aa
6 1125

Influence ordinates for 3ft intervals.

3
3
1
At x =3 - X
a
= 7.5 x 3
2
x x =0.056
6 1125

At x =6' X
a
=0.208
At x =9' X
a
=0.432
At x =12' X
a
=0.704
At x =15' X
a
=1






11

3. Complete the ordinates at internal of 2.5 ft of the influence line for reaction at A for the
continuous beam shown. EI constant.




10 10


X
A




1 unit 2 1

1 + SFD

1
10
+
BMD
10
M/EI dia:

10 10
50 1/2x 10x 10=50
2000/3


250/3 100/3 100/3 50/3



2000 EIA
nA

EIA
AA
= ; X
A
=
3 EIA
AA


For AB member,

2000 250 1 2000 250
3

EIA
nA
= + x x = + +
3 3 2 3 3 3 6

For BC member,

-50 1
3
50
EIA
nA
= + x x = -
3 2 3 6 3



C
B A
Primary structure
M
B
=O ( +)


1 x 10 C
y
x 10 =0

C
y
=1 (
+
)
12
Influence line ordinate for 2.5 ft interval.

For AB member,

2000 250 0

3
At =0 X
A
= - x 0 + x = 1
3 3 6 2000

At x =2.5' X
A
=0.691
At x =5' X
A
=0.406
At x =7.5' X
A
=0.168
At x =10' X
A
=0

For BC member,
2.5
3
50 3
At x =2.5' X
A
= - x 2.5 x =0.059
6 3 2000


At x =5' X
A
=- 0.094

At x =7.5' X
A
=- 0.082

At x =10' X
A
= 0

1
0.406
0.082 0.059

0.691 0.168
0.094


I.L for reaction at A


4. Compute the influence line ordinates at 3 ft intervals for the reaction at support B.

A B C

15 15
Primary structure

X
B



1/2 1 unit 1/2

BMD




7.5
13
x x
M/EI dia:

56.25 0.5x 56.25




For AB member,

1 0.5
3

EIA
nB
=56.25 - x x 0.5 =56.25 -
2 3 6

0.5 x 15
3

EIA
BB
= 56.25 x 15 = 562.5
6

EIA
nB
0.5
3
1
X
B
= =( 56.25 - ) x
EIA
BB
6 562.5


For BC member,

0.5
3

EIA
nB
= 56.25 -
6

1 0.5
3

X
B
= ( 56.25 - )
562.5

6


Influence line ordinate for 3 ft intervals.

0.5 x 3
3 1

At x =3' X
B
= (56.25 x 3 - ) x =0.296
6 562.5


At x =6' X
B
=0.568
At x =9' X
B
=0.792
At x =12' X
B
=0.944
At x =15' X
B
=1

0.944 1 0.944
0.792 0.792
0.568 0.568
0.296 0.296

I.L for reaction at B


7.5
14
5. Prepare on influence line for the moment at support support b of .given continuous
beam.

a I=1000 b I=900 c I=1200 d I=1600 e

15 12 15 18

M
b

I 0.9 I 1.2 I 1.6 I primary
structure


1 unit


-0.5 -1 +1 0.5


Member I/L K
adj

ab I/15 x 90/I x 4.5
bc 0.9I/12 x 90/I x 5.0625
cd 1.2I/15 x 90/I 7.2
de 1.6I/18 x 90/I x 6


Joint c d
member end cb cd dc de
K
adj
: 5.0625 7.2 7.2 6
cycle D.F 0.413 0.587 0.545 0.456
1 FEM
Bal:M
0.5
- 0.207
-
- 0.293
-
-
-
-
2 COM
Bal:M
-
-
-
-
- 0.147
0.08
-
0.067
3 COM
Bal:M
-
- 0.017
0.04
- 0.023
-
-
-
-
4 COM
Bal:M
-
-
-
-
- 0.012
0.007
-
0.005
5 COM
Bal:M
-
- 0.001
0.003
- 0.002
-
-
-
-
Final end M 0.275 - 0.275 - 0.072 0.072









1
15

1 0.072


BMD
0.5 0.275
1.11 0.06
1 0.045


M/EI dia:
0.5 0.229
0.305










.
oa 1 1 2 1 1
EI t
1
= = ( x 15 x 1 x x 15 - x 15 x 0. 5 x x 15 ) =3.75
15 15 2 3 2 3


o
C
1 1 2 1 1
EI t
2
= = ( x 12 x 1.11 x x 12 - x 12 x 0. 305 x x 12 ) =3.83
12 12 2 3 2 3

EI o
bb
=EI t
1
+EI t
2
= 7.58

For span ab




0
0.5


1 1 1 2
EIA
nb
= x x x - x 0.5 ( 1 - ) x - x x 0.5 x
2 15 3 15 2 2 15 3

=0.0111 x
3
- 0.25 x
2
+0.01667 x
3
- 0.0111 x
3



=- 0.25 x
2
+ 0.01667 x
3

1
t
1
t
2

By using moment area theorem
x/15

x
0.5x/15

x
x
a
b
a
b
a
b
x/15
0.5 x(1-x/15)
16


EIA
nb

M
b
= = - 0.033 x
2
+ 0.0022 x
3

EI
bb


For span bc


b c

x

3.83



1 2 1
EIA
nb
=- 3.83 + x 1.11 ( 1- _) x + x x 1.11 x - x 0.305
12 2 2 12 3 2 12

=- 3.83 +0.555
2
0.0463
3
+0.0308
3
4.236 x 10
-3

3
x /
3



=- 3.83 +0.555 x
2
0.0197 x
3




EIA
nb

M
b
= = - 0.5053 x + 0.0732 x
2
- 2.6 x10
-3
x
3

EI
bb

For span cd










o
d
1 1 1 1 2
EI t
c
= = ( x 15 x 0.06 x x 15 - x 15 x 0. 229 x x 15 ) =- 0. 995
15 15 2 3 2 3

1
EIA
nb
=0.995 + x x0.06 x - x 0.229 (1 - _) x
2 15 3 15 2


1 2
- x 0.229 x

2 15 3

x
(1.11x/12)
0.305x/12
b c
b
c
0.995
x
x
0.229(1-x/15)
0.229x/15
0.06x/15
x
0.229
0.06
c
d
c d
c
d
1.11(1-x/12)
x
17
=0.995 x +6.667 x 10
-4
x
3
- 0.1145 x
2
+7.633 x 10
-3
x
3
- 5.089 x 10
-3
x
3

=0.995 x - 0.1145 x
2
+3.2107 x 10
-3
x
3




EIA
nb

M
b
= = 0.1313 x - 0.0151 x
2
+4.236 x10
-4
x
3

EI
bb
For span de


t
d






o
e
1 1 2
EI t
d
= = ( x 0.045 x 18 x x 18 ) =0.27
18 18 2 3

1 2
EIA
nb
=- 0.27 + x 0.045 ( 1- _) x + x x 0.045 x
18 2 2 18 3

=- 0.27 x +0.0225 x
2
1.25 x 10
-3
x
3
+0.833 x 10
-4
x
3

=-0.27x +0.0225 x
2
4.1667 10
-4
x
3

EIA
nb

M
b
= = - 0.0356 +2.968 x 10
-3

2
- 5.497 x10
-5

3

EIo
bb









I.L for moment at support b


6. Prepare on influence line for the moment at support c of given continuous beam.


I=1000 I=800 I=1000
a b c d
14 10 14
0.045
0.045(1-x/18)
x
0.045x/18
0.27
x
d

e

d

e
d
0
.
2
3
7
6

0
.
7
1
2
8

1
.
0
6
9
2

0
.
9
5
0
4

0
.
2
6
9
4

0
.
3
3
5
7

0
.
2
6
7
4

0
.
1
3
3
2

0
.
0
8
1
6

0
.
1
1
8
6

0
.
1
2
0
1

0
.
0
9
4
8

0
.
9
2
7
3

0
.
9
5
8
2

0
.
5
1
3
7

0
.
0
5
1
7

18

I 0.8I Mc I

14 10 14

1 unit


-0.5 -1 +1












0.136
0.272 1



1

0.136

BMD

1.25
0.272 1
0.136

M/EI dia


0.272 0.34





o
b
1 1 2 1 1
EI t
1
= = ( x 10 x 1.25 x x 10 - x 10 x 0.34 x x 10) =3.602
10 10 2 3 2 3

member I/L k
adj
:
ab I/14 x 70/I x1 5
bc 0.8 I/10 x 70/I x 4.2
cd I/14 x 70/I x 3.75

J oint a b
member end ab ba bc
k
adj
: 5 5 4.2
cycle D.F - 0.543 0.457
1 FEM
Bal:
-
-
-
- 0.272
- 0.5
0.228
2 C.O.M
Bal:
0.136
-
-
-
-
-
Final end M 0.136 0.272 - 0.272
primary structure

t1


t
2

19

o
d
1 1 2
EI t
2
= = ( x 14 x 1 x x 14 )=4.667
14 14 2 3


EIo
cc
=EI t
1
+ EI t
2
= 8.269

For span ab










1 2 1
EIA
nc
= x 0.136 ( 1- ) x + x x 0.136 x x - . x x 0.272 x
14 2 2 14 3 2 14 3

=0.068 x
2
- 4.857 x 10
-3
x
3
+3.238 x 10
-3
x
3
- 3.238 x 10
-3
x
3


= 0.068 x
2
- 4.857 x 10
-3
x
3



EIA
nc

M
c
= =8.225 x 10
-3
x
2
5.87 x 10
-4
x
3

EIo
cc

For span bc











o
d
1 1 1 1 2
EI t
c
= = ( x 1.25 x 10 x x 10 - x10 x0.34 x x 10 )
10 10 2 3 2 3


=0.95

1 1 0.34 2
EIA
nc
=- 0.95 +( x 1.25 x x ) ( x x x ) {0.34 (1 - ) x x }
2 10 3 2 10 3 10 2

0.136
0.136x/14
x
x
0.272x/14
x
0.136(1-x/14)
0.272x/14
0.272
a
b
a
b
a b
x
x
x
1.25x/10
1.25
0.34(1-x/10)
0.34x/10
0.953
0.34
20
=- 0.95 x +0. 0208 x
3
0.0113 x
3
0.17 x
2
+0.017 x
3



=- 0.95 x - 0. 17 x
2
+0.0265 x
3



EIA
nc

M
c
= = - 0.119 x - 0.0206 x
2
+0.0032 x
3

EIo
cc


For span cd









1 2
EIA
nb
=- 4.667 + x ( 1- _) x + x x x x
14 2 2 14 3

=- 4.667 x +0. 5 x
2
0.0357x
3
+0.0238x
3

=- 4.667 x +0. 5 x
2
0.0119x
3

EIA
nb

M
b
= = - 0.5645 x +0.0605 x
2
0.00144 x
3

EIo
cc









I.L for moment at support C



7. Prepare on influence line for the moment at support b of given continuous beam.

I=900 I=1000 I=1000
a b c d
12 15 15


1
x/14
1-x/14
x
x
4.667
0
.
2
8
6
6

0
.
5
8
4
4

0
.
7
3
9
8

0
.
5
9
9
2

0
.
0
2
8
2

0
.
0
9
4

0
.
1
6
9
2

0
.
2
2
5
6

0
.
2
3
5

0
.
1
6
9
2

0
.
8
9
8
5

1
.
3
8
2

1
.
5
2

1
.
3
8
1

1
.
0
3
5

0
.
5
5
0
3

21
0.9I Mb I I


1 unit

-1 +1 0.5











1 0.286
0.143


1

0.143

BMD

1.11
1 0.286
0.143



M/EI diag
0.286







o
a
1 1 2
EI t
1
= = ( x 12 x 1.11 x x 12 ) =4.44
12 12 2 3

o
c
1 1 2 1 1
EI t
2
= = ( x 15 x 1 x x 15 - x 15 x 0.286 x x 15 ) =4.285
15 15 2 3 2 3


t
2
t1

member I/L k
adj
:
ab 0.9I/12 x 60/I x 3.375
bc I/15 x 60/I x 3
cd I/15 x 60/I x 1 4

J oint c d
member end cd ed dc
k
adj
: 3 4 4
cycle D.F 0.429 0.571 -
1 FEM
Bal:
0.5
-0.214
-
- 0.286
-
-
2 C.O.M
Bal:
-
-
-
-
- 0.143
-
Final end M 0.286 - 0.286 - 0.143
22

EI
bb
=EI t
1
+ EI t
2
= 8.725


For span ab

1.11 a b
t
a
x

x 2.22


o
b
1 1 1
EI t
a
= = ( x 12 x 1.11 x x 12 ) =2.22
12 12 2 3


1 1
EIA
nb
=- 2.22 + x x 1.11 x =2.22 +0.154
3

2 12 3


EIA
nb

M
b
= = - 0.254 x + 1.765 x 10
-3
x
3

EIo
bb

For span bc
.
1

x








1 2 1 0.286
EIA
nb
=- 4.285 + x ( 1- _) x + x x x - x x
15 2 2 15 3 2 15 3

EIA
nb
=- 4.285 x +0. 5 x
2
0.0333 x
3
+0.0222 x
3
3.178 x 10
-3
x
3



=- 4.285 x +0. 5 x
2
0.01428 x
3




EIA
nb

M
b
= = - 0.491 x +0.0573 x
2
1.637 x 10
-3
x
3

EIo
bb

1.11x/12
x/15
1-x/15
x
0.286x/15
4.285
x
0.286
23
For span cd 0.143
x


c `d
x
1.0725


o
d
1 1 1 1 2
EI t
c
= = ( x 15 x 0.143 x x 15 - x 15 x 0.286 x x 15) =- 1.0725
15 15 2 3 2 3

EIA
nb
=1.0725 x +1. 589 x 10
-3
x
3
0.143 x
2
+9.533 x 10
-3
x
3
6.356 x 10
-3
x
3



=1.0725 x - 0.143 x
2
+4.766 x 10
-3
x
3



EIA
nb

M
b
= = 0.1229 x - 0.0164 x
2
+5.462 x 10
-4
x
3
EI
bb








I.L for moment at support b



8. Assuming x sectional area A of all members to be constant. Prepare an influence
lines for the forces in the redundant bars of given truss.
















0 .286(1-x/15)
0 .286x/15
0 .286
x
0.143x/15
1
.
0
0
1
5

1
.
2
3
6
7

0
.
9
7
1
1

0
.
4
6
9
5

0
.
7
1
4
3

1
.
1
4
2
8

0
.
9
9
9
3

0
.
2
3
5
8

0
.
2
6
5
0

0
.
1
7
5
9

0
.
0
5
7
0

24
Select the redundant members at CD and FG
X
1
X
2






Primary structure




1 1 0.5 0.5





0.5 0.5 0.75 0.75 0.25 0.25

2/3 1 1/3 0



0.5 0.5 1 1





0.25 0.25 0.75 0.75 0.5 0.5

0 1/3 1 2/3





Bar L F
1
F
2
F
1
2
L F
1
F
2
L
ab 15 - 0.5 0 3.75 0
bc 15 - 0.5 0 3.75 0
cd 15 - 0.75 - 0.25 8.4375 2.8125
de 15 - 0.75 - 0.25 8.4375 2.8125
ef 15 - 0.25 - 0.75 0.9375 2.8125
fg 15 - 0.25 - 0.75 0.9375 2.8125
BC 15 1 0 15 0
CD 15 1 0 15 0
DE 15 0.5 0.5 3.75 3.75
EF 15 0.5 0.5 3.75 3.75
aB 25 0.833 0 17.347 0
0
.
4
1
7
0
.
8
3
3

0
.
8
3
3

0
.
4
1
7

0
.
4
1
7

0
.
4
1
7

0
.
8
3
3

X
1
=1 unit condition
X
2
=1 unit condition
F
1

0
.
8
3
3

0
.
4
1
7

0
.
4
1
7

0
.
4
1
7

0
.
4
1
7

F
2

25
Bc 25 - 0.833 0 17.347 0
cD 25 - 0.417 0.417 4.347 - 4.347
De 25 0.417 - 0.417 4.347 - 4.347
eF 25 - 0.417 0.417 4.347 - 4.347
Fg 25 0.417 - 0.417 4.347 - 4.347
115.832 1.362


F
1
2
L 115.832
1 unit o
11
= =
AE AE


115.832
o
11
=
AE


F
1
F
2

L 1.362
1 unit o
12
= =
AE AE


1.362
o
12
=
AE


For the symmetrical truss, o
11
= o
22



115.832
o
22
=
AE


1.362
since o
12
o
21

AE


For unit load applied at b or h








0.625 1 0.625



0.375 0.375


1/2 1/2 0 0
F
b

26

Bar L F
1
F
b
F
1
F
b
L
ab 15 - 0.5 0.375 - 2.8125
bc 15 - 0.5 0.375 - 2.8125
aB 25 0.833 - 0.625 - 13.0156
Bc 25 - 0.833 - 0.625 +13.0156
- 5.625

F
1
F
b

L - 5.625
1 unit A
1b
= =
AE AE


F
2
F
b

L
1 unit A
2b
= = 0
AE

For unit load applied at d or f












0 1 0


F
1
F
d

L - 19.688
1 unit A
1d
= =
AE AE

F
2
F
d

L - 14.06
1 unit A
2d
= =
AE AE

19.088
A
1d
=-
AE

14.06
A
2d
= -
AE









F
d

0.375 0.375
0.5625 0.5625 0.1875 0.1875
0
.
9
3
7
5

0
.
3
1
2
5

0
.
3
1
2
5

0
.
3
1
2
5

1

27

For unit load applied at e


















Bar L F
1
F
2
F
d
F
e
F
1
F
d
L F
2
F
d
L F
1
F
e
L F
2
F
e
L
cd 15 - 0.75 - 0.25 0.5625 0.375 - 6.328 - 2.109 - 4.219 - 1.406
de 15 - 0.75 - 0.25 0.5625 0.375 - 6.328 - 2.109 - 4.219 - 1.406
ef 15 - 0.25 - 0.75 0.1875 0.375 - 0.703 - 2.109 - 1.406 - 4.219
fg 15 - 0.25 - 0.75 0.1875 0.375 - 0.703 - 2.109 - 1.406 - 4.219
DE 15 0.5 0.5 - 0.375 - 0.75 - 2.8125 - 2.8125 - 5.625 - 5.625
EF 15 0.5 0.5 - 0.375 - 0.75 - 2.8125 - 2.8125 - 5.625 - 5.625
cD 25 - 0.417 0.417 - 0.9375 - 0.625 -9.773 - 9.773 6.516 - 6.516
De 25 0.417 -0.417 - 0.3125 0.625 - 3.258 3.258 6.516 - 6.516
eF 25 - 0.417 0.417 0.3125 0.625 - 3.258 3.258 -6.516 6.516
Fg 25 0.417 - 0.417 - 0.3125 - 0.625 - 3.258 3.258 - 6.516 6.516
- 19.688 - 14.06 - 22.5 - 22.5

F
1
F
e
L - 22.5
1 unit A
1e
= =
AE AE

- 22.5
A
1e
=
AE

F
2
F
e
L - 22.5
1 unit A
2e
= =
AE AE

- 22.5
A
1e
=
AE

A
1n
+X
1
o
11
+ X
2
o
12
=0

A
2n
+X
1
o
21
+ X
2
o
22
=0


For unit load at b or h

-5.625 +115.832 X
1
+1.362 X
2
=0

0 +1.362 X
1
+115.832 X
2


=0
1 unit
0

0

0.375 0.375
0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375
0
.
6
2
5

0
.
6
2
5

0
.
6
2
5

0
.
6
2
5

F
e

28
X
1b
=0.0468 =X
2h


X
2b
=-0.00061 =X
1h


For unit load at d or f

- 19.688 +115.832 X
1
+1.362 X
2
=0

- 14.06 +1.362 X
1
+115.832 X
2


=0

X
1d
=0.1686 =X
2f


X
2d
=0.1194 =X
1f


For unit load at e


- 22.5 +115.832 X
1
+1.362 X
2
=0

- 22.5 +1.362 X
1
+115.832 X
2
=0


X
1c
=0.192

X
2c
=0.192



0.192
0.1686 0.1195
0.0486



0.0006




0.192
0.1686
0.1195 0.0486



0.0006




9. Assuming x sectional area A of all members to be constant. Prepare an influence
lines for the forces in the redundant bars of given truss.


I.L for barforce in CD member
I.L for barforce in FG member
29
B C D E F G H

4m



a b c d e f g h i















1 1 0.5 0.5

0.833 0.833 0.417 0.417 0.417
0.417
F
1


0.5 0.5 0.75 0.75 0.25 0.25
2/3 1 1/3 0

0.5 0.5 1 1

0.417
0.417 0.417 0.417 0.833
0.833
F
2

0.25 0.25 0.75 0.75 0.5 0.5
2/3
0 1/3 1
Bar L F
1
F
2
F
1
2
L F
1
F
2
L
ab 3 - 0.5 0 0.75 0
bc 3 - 0.5 0 0.75 0
cd 3 - 0.75 - 0.25 1.6875 0.5625
de 3 - 0.75 - 0.25 1.6875 0.5625
ef 3 - 0.25 - 0.75 0.1875 0.5625
fg 3 - 0.25 - 0.75 0.1875 0.5625
BC 3 1 0 3 0
CD 3 1 0 3 0
DE 3 0.5 0.5 0.75 0.75
8 space e 3 m c/c =24 m
Select forces in bars CD and FG as redundant
X
1
=1 unit condition
primary structure
X
1

X
2

30
0
.
6
2
5

EF 3 0.5 0.5 0.75 0.75
aB 5 0.833 0 3.469 0
Bc 5 -0.833 0 3.469 0
cD 5 - 0.417 0.417 0.869 - 0.869
De 5 0.417 -0.417 0.869 - 0.869
eF 5 - 0.417 0.417 0.869 - 0.869
Fg 5 0.417 - 0.417 0.869 - 0.869
23.164 0.274


F
1
2
L 23.164
1 unit o
11
= =
AE AE


F
1
F
2
L 0.274
1 unit o
12
= =
AE AE

23.164
o
11
=
AE

0.274
o
12
=
AE


For symmetrical truss, o
11
= o
12


23.164
o
22
=
AE

0.274
since o
12
= o
21
=
AE




For unit load applied at b or h













0
.
6
2
5

1

0.375 0.375

1 unit 0 0
F
b

31
0
.
9
3
7
0
.
3
1
2
5

0
.
3
1
2
5

0
.
3
1
2
5

1
F
d

F
e

0
.
6
2
5

0
.
6
2
5

0
.
6
2
5

0
.
6
2
5













For unit load applied at d or f

















For unit load applied at e













Bar L F
1
F
2
F
d
F
e
F
1
F
d
L F
2
F
d
L F
1
F
e
L F
2
F
e
L
cd 3 - 0.75 - 0.25 0.5625 +0.375 - 1.266 - 0.422 - 0.844 - 0.281
de 3 - 0.75 - 0.25 0.5625 +0.375 - 1.266 - 0.422 - 0.844 - 0.281
ef 3 - 0.25 - 0.75 0.1875 0.375 - 0.1406 - 0.422 - 0.281 - 0.844
fg 3 - 0.25 - 0.75 0.1875 0.375 - 0.1406 - 0.422 - 0.281 - 0.844
DE 3 0.5 0.5 - 0.375 - 0.75 - 0.5625 - 0.5625 - 1.125 - 1.125
EF 3 0.5 0.5 - 0.375 - 0.75 - 0.5625 - 0.5625 - 1.125 - 1.125
cD 5 - 0.417 0.417 - 0.9375 - 0.625 1.9547 1.9547 1.303 - 1.303
De 5 0.417 -0.417 - 0.3125 0.625 - 0.6516 0.6516 1.303 - 1.303
eF 5 - 0.417 0.417 0.3125 0.625 - 0.6516 0.6516 - 1.303 1.303
Fg 5 0.417 - 0.417 - 0.3125 - 0.625 - 0.6516 0.6516 - 1.303 1.303
- 3.938 - 2.819 - 4.5 - 4.5
Bar L F
1
F
b
F
1
F
b
L
ab 3 - 0.5 0.375 - 0.5625
bc 3 - 0.5 0.375 - 0.5625
aB 5 0.833 - 0.625 - 2.603
Bc 5 - 0.833 - 0.625 2.603
- 1.125

F
1
F
b
L 1.125
Unit A
1b
= =
AE AE

1.125
A
1b
=
AE

F
2
F
b
L 0
Unit A
2b
= =
AE AE


A
2b
=0


0.375 0.375
0.5625 0.5625
0.1875 0.1875
0 3/4
1/4 0 1 unit
0.375 0.375
0.375 0.375
0.375 0.375
0 1/2
1/2 0 1 unit
32


F
1
F
d

L - 3.398
1 unit A
1d
= =
AE AE

- 3.398
A
1d
=
AE


F
2
F
d

L - 2.183
1 unit A
2d
= =
AE AE

- 2.183
A
2d
=
AE


F
1
F
e
L - 4.5
1 unit A
1e
= =
AE AE


- 4.5
A
1e
= =A
2e

AE

A
1n
+X
1
o
11
+ X
2
o
12
=0

A
2n
+X
1
o
21
+ X
2
o
22
=0


For point b or h

-1.125 +23.164 X
1
+0.274 X
2
=0

0 +0.274 X
1
+23.164 X
2


=0

X
1b
=0.0486

X
2b
=- 0.0006


For point d or f

- 3.398 +23.164 X
1
+0.274 X
2
=0

- 2.813 +0.274 X
1
+23.164 X
2


=0

X
1d
=0.1687

X
2d
=0.1195



33
For point e

- 4.5 +23.164 X
1
+0.274 X
2
=0

- 4.5 +0.274 X
1
+23.164 X
2
=0

X
1e
=0.192

X
2e
=0.192

0.192
0.1687
0.0486
0.1195


0.0006



0.192
0.1195
0.1687
0.0486


0.0006



10. Prepare an influence line for the moment at support d of given continuous beam.







M
d

I 0.9I 1.2I 1.6I


1 unit


-0.5 -1 +1






I.L for barforce in CD member
I.L for barforce in FG member
member I/L k
adj
:
ab I/15 x 90/I x1 6
bc 0.9 I/12 x 90/I x 1 6.75
cd 1.2 I/15 x 90/I x 5.4
de 1.6 I/18 x 90/I x 6


primary structure
34

















0.036 0.07 0.261 1

a b c d e

1
0.07


BMD

0.036 0.078 0.261
0.07 0.833
0.625
M/EI dia

0.218
0.036 0.29


t
1
t
2





o
c
1 1 2 1 1
EI t
1
= = ( x 15 x 0.833 x x 15 - x 15 x 0.218 x x 15) =3.62
15 15 2 3 2 3

o
e
1 1 2
EI t
2
= = ( x 18 x 0.625 x x 18 ) =3.75
18 18 2 3

EI o
dd
= EI t
1
+ EI t
2
= 7.37


J oint a b c
member end ab ba bc cb cd
k
adj
: 6 6 6.75 6.75 5.4
cycle D.F - 0.471 0.529 0.556 0.444
1 FEM
Bal:M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.278
- 0.5
0.222
2 C.O.M
Bal:M
-
-
-
- 0.065
0.139
- 0.074
-
-
-
-
3 C.O.M
Bal:M
- 0.033
-
-
-
-
-
- 0.037
0.021
-
0.016
4 C.O.M
Bal:M
-
-
-
- 0.005
0.011
- 0.006
-
-
-
-
5 C.O.M
Bal:M
- 0.003
-
-
-
-
-
- 0.003
0.002
-
0.001
Final end M - 0.036 - 0.07 0.07 0.261 - 0.261
35
For span ab







0.036 x


1 1
EIA
nd
= x x 0.07 x - x 0.36 (1 x ) x
2 15 3 15 2

1 2


- x x 0.036 x
2 15 3

=7.778 x 10
-4
x
3
0.018 x
2
+1.2 x 10
-3
x
3
0.8 x 10
-3
x
3



=- 0.018 x
2
+1.178 x 10
-3
x
3


EIA
nd

M
d
= =- 2.442 x 10
-3
x
2
+1.598 x 10
-4
x
3

EIo
dd


For span bc






b c





0.29



o
c
1 1 2 1 1
EI t
b
= = ( x 12 x 0.078 x x 12 - x 12 x 0.29 x x 12) =0.268
12 12 2 3 2 3


1 2
EIA
nd
= 0.268 + x 0.078 ( 1- _) x + x 0.078 x x x
2 2 2 12 3
1 1


- x x 0.29 x
2 12 3
x
0.036(1-x/15)
0.036x/15
0.07x/15
0.07
x
x
x
x
0.078x/12
0.078

0.29x/12
0.268
0.078(1-x/12)
0.29x/12

36

=0.268 x +0.039 x
2
- 3.25 x 10
-3
x
3
+2.167 x

10
-3
x
3
- 4.028 x 10-
3
x
3


=0.268 x +0.039 x
2
- 5.111 x 10
-3
x
3


EIA
nd

M
d
= = 0.0364 x +5.292 x 10
-3
x
2
- 6.935 x 10
-4
x
3

EI
dd


For span cd













o
d
1 1 1 1 2
EI t
c
= = ( x 15 x 0.833 x x 15 - x 15 x 0.218 x x 15) =0.9925
15 15 2 3 2 3


1 1 x
EIA
nd
=- 0.9925 + x x 0.833 _ x - x 0.218 (1 - ) x
2 15 3 15 2

1 2
- x x 0.218 x
2 15 3


=- 0.9925 x +9.256 x 10
-3
x
3
- 0.109 x
2
+7.267 x 10
-3
x
3
- 4.844 x 10-
3
x
3


=- 0.9925 x - 0.109 x
2
+. 11.679 x 10
-3
x
3



EIA
nd

M
d
= = - 0.1347 x - 0.0148 x
2
+1.585 x 10
-3
x
3

EI
dd






x
x
x
0.833
0.9925
c
d
c d
0.833x/15
x
0.218x/15

0.218
d c
0.218(1-x/15)
37
For span de




d e





1 2
EIA
nd
=- 3.75 + x 0.625 ( 1- _) x + x x 0.625 x
18 2 2 18 3

=- 3.75 x +0.3125 x
2
- 0.01736 x
3
+0.01157

x
3


=- 3.75 x +0.3125 x
2
- 5.786 x

10
-3
x
3


EIA
nd

M
d
= = - 0.5088 x +0.0424 x
2
- 7.851 x 10
-4
x
3

EI
dd











I.L for moment at support d




11. Find the approximate values of the end moments in a column and a shear wall in a
structure which has the same plan as in fig shown and has four stories of equal height
h =b. The frame is subjected to a horizontal force in the x direction of magnitude p/2 at
top floor and p at each of the other floor levels. The properties of members are as
follows : for any column I =17 x 10
-6
b
4
, for any beam I =34 x 10
-6
b
4
, and for any
wall I =87 x 10
-3
b
4
. Take E =2.3 G. The area of wall cross section =222 x 10
-3
b
2
.
Consider shear deformation in the wall only.







0.625x/18
x
0.625(1-x/18)
3.75
x
0.625
0
.
0
1
7
6
6

0
.
0
5
3
4

0
.
0
8
1
3

0
.
0
7
5
5

0
.
4
9
5

0
.
9
9
9

1
.
2
5
6

1
.
0
0
9

1
.
1
6
6

1
.
6
9
6

1
.
7
1
7

1
.
3
5
7

0
.
1
3
8
1

0
.
2
5
9
1

0
.
2
5
0
7

0
.
7
4
2

38















sol
n:

In actual structure three are 16 columns, 4 walls 12 beams of length 1.6b and 4 beams
of length 2 b.

Ic = Ici = 16 x 17 x 10
-6
b
4
=272 x 10
-6
b
4


12 4
(I/L)
b
=4 (I/L)
bi
=4 x 34 x 10
-6
b
4
( + ) =1292 x 10
-6
b
3

1.6b 2b

I
w
= I
wi
= 4 x 87 x 10
-3
b
4
=348 x 10
-3
b
4


a
rw
= a
rwi
= 4 x 5/6 x 222 x 10
-3
b
2
=740 x 10
-3
b
2

























wall
substitute frame
o 12.9
s 0.423 Eh
3
t - 0.273 Eh
3
c - 0.65
| -
0
1.09 x 10
-3
Eh
3
0.54 x 10
-3
Eh
3
0.5
3.56

3E
| = ( I/L )
b

S

( 4 +o ) E I
s =
(1 +o ) h

( 2 - o ) E I
t =
(1 +o ) h

c =t/s
p
h
h
h
h
p
2
p/2
p
p
2
3
1
8
4
5
6
7
2
3
1
8 4
5
6
7
39
For substitute frame

2(s +t) 1 -1 0 0 1 -1 0 0
[ S
11
]
r
= - - 1 2 -1 0 =3.26x 10
-3
Eh -1 2 -1 0
h
2
0 -1 2 -1 0 -1 2 -1
0 0 -1 2 0 0 -1 2


2(s +t) -1 1 0 0
[ S
21
]
r
=[ S
12
]
r
T
= -1 0 1 0
h 0 -1 0 1
0 0 -1 0

=1.63 x 10
-3
Eh
2
-1 1 0 0
-1 0 1 0
0 -1 0 1
0 0 -1 0


(1 +|) c 0 0
[ S
22
]
r
=S c (2+|) c 0
0 c (2+|) c
0 0 c (2+|)


4.56 0.5 0 0
=1.09 x 10
-3
0.5 5.56 0.5 0
0 0.5 5.56 0.5
0 0 0.5 5.56

Condensed the stiffness matrix
[S*]
r
=[S
11
]
r
- [S
12
]
r
[S
22
]
r

-1
[S
21
]
r



[S*]
r
=10
-4
Eh 23.55 -27.16 3.93 -0.36
-27.16 55.08 -31.39 4.4
3.93 -31.93 56.03 -32.4
-0.36 4.4 -32.4 60.37

For shear wall

[ S
11
]
w
=0.3Eh 1 -1 0 0
-1 2 -1 0
0 -1 2 -1
0 0 -1 2

[ S
21
]
w
=[ S
12
]
w
T
=0.15 Eh
2
-1 1 0 0
-1 0 1 0
0 -1 0 1
0 0 -1 0


40

[ S
22
]
w
=0.423Eh
3
1 -0.65 0 0
-0.65 2 -0.65 0
0 -0.65 2 -0.65
0 0 -0.65 2

Condensed the stiffness matrix

[S*]
w
=[ S
11
]
w
- [ S
12
]
w
[ S
22
]
w
-1
[ S
21
]
w



= 10
-2
Eh 13.98 -22.76 5.7 2.33
-22.76 51.22 -31.84 2.55
5.7 -31.84 53.77 -30.19
2.33 2.55 -30.19 56.33

[S*] =[S*]
w
+[S*]
r
= 10
-4
Eh 1421.4 symmetry
-2303.05 5177.15
574.22 -3215.76 5433.34
232.28 259.64 -3051.41 5692.92


{F*} =P 0.5
1
1
1

{D*} = [S*]
-1
{F*}

=10 P 11.47
Eh 8.32
5.03
2.03

Forces resisted by wall {F*}
w
=[S*]
w
{D*}

=P 0.4368
1.005
1.0041
1.0083

Forces resisted by substitute frame

{F*}
r
=[S*]
r
{D*}


=P 0.0632
-0.005
-0.0041
-0.0083
41

Introduction to Structural Dynamics

12. A weightless cantilever of length L and constant flexural rigidity EI carries a weight W
at its end. Neglecting the moment of inertia I of the mass about its center. (a) Find the natural
angular frequency and the natural period of vibration of the system. (b) If the motion is
initiated by displacing the mass in a direction perpendicular to the cantilever by a distance of
and WL
3
/ 3EI and then leaving the system to vibrate freely, what is the max: displacement?
What is the max: displacement at any time t?

Sol
n:

W
W =mg ; m =
g



1 unit stiffness, S=3EI/L
3


3 EI/L
3


(a) = s/m = 3 EIg ; T =2t =2t x WL
3

L
3
xW 3EIg

(b) D
0
= WL
3
: D
0

=0
3 EI

D
max:
= ( D
0

/

)
2
+D
0
2

= D
0
= WL
3

3EI
D =D
0

sin t +D
0
cos t

D = W L
3

cos t
3EI

13. Compute the natural angular frequency of vibration in sidesway for the frame in the fig:
and calculate the natural period of vibration. Idealize the frame as a one-degree-of-
freedom system. Neglect the axial and shear deformations and the weight of the
columns. If initially the displacement is 1 in and the velocity is 10 in /sec, what is the
amplitude and what is the displacement at t =1sec?











42
Sol
n:


S
AB
=12 EI = 12 x 10
7
=2.572 k/in
L
3
(30 x 12)
3


S
CD
=12 EI = 12 x 10
7
=5.023 k/in
L
3
(24 x 12)
3


total stiffness S =S
AB
+S
CD
=7.595 k/in

W =60 k , m = W = 60 = 0.1554 k s
2
/in
g 386

(a) = s/m = 7.595 =7 rad/s; T =2t = 2t =0.898 sec
0.1554 7

D
0
=l in, D
0

=10 in/s


= ( D
0

/

)
2
+D
0
2


= (10/7)
2
+1
2
=1.744 in


D =D
0

sin t +D
0
cos t


=(10/7) sin 7 x 1 +1 cos 7 x 1 =1.692 in #


14.( a )A one-story building is idealized as a rigid girder supported by weightless columns as
shown in fig: In order to evaluate the dynamic properties of this structure, a free
vibration test is made, in which the roof system ( rigid girder ) is displaced laterally by a
hydraulic jack and then released. During the jacking operation, it is observed that a force
of 20 kip is required to displaced the girder 0.2 in. After the instantaneous release of this
initial displacement, the max: displacement on the return swing is only 0.16 in and the
period of this displacement cycle is T =1.4 sec.













43
Sol
n:


T =1.4 sec , S = 20 =100 k/in
0.2

=2t = 2t = 4.48 rad /sec
T 1.4

f =1 = 1 =0.714 Hz
T 1.4

2
= ( S/m) ; m =(S/
2
) = ( 100/4.48
2
) =4.982 k s
2
/in

W =mg =4.982 x 386 =1923.23 kip

o =Ln (U
n
/ U
n+1
) = Ln (0.2/0.16) =0.223

o 0.223
= = = 3.55 %
2t 2t

C = C
cr
= 2 m = 3.55 x 2 x 4.982 x 4.48 =1.584 k s/in
100

e
D
=e 1 -
2
=e ( 1- 3.55/100 )
2
= 4.48 rad/s


No.14 (b) The weight W of the building of fig: is 200 kip and the building is set into free
vibration by releasing it (at time t =0) from a displacement of 1.2 in. If the max:
displacement on the return swing is 0.86 in at time t =0.64 s, determine: (a) the lateral
spring stiffness. (b) the damping ratio and ( c ) the damping coefficient.










sol
n:


W =200 k , m = W = 200 =0.518 ks
2
/in
g 386

D
0
=1.2 in , T =0.64 sec

e =2t/T = 2t/ 0.64 =9.817 rad/sec

44
(a) e
2
=s/m s =e
2
m =9.817
2
x 0.518

=49.93 k/in

(b) o =Ln U
n
= Ln (1.2/0.86) =0.3331%
U
n+1



= o =0.3331 = 5.302 %
2t 2t


(c) C = C
cr
= 2 me =5.302x 2 x 0.518 x 9.817 =0.5393 ks/in
100

15. Assume that the mass and stiffness of the structure of fig: are as follows: m =2k s
2
/in,
s =40 k /in. If the system is set into free vibration with initial conditions D(o) =0.7 in
and D

(o) =5.6 in /s, determine the displacement and velocity at t =1.0 sec, assuming
(a) c =0 (undamped system), (b) c =2.8 ks/in.








sol
n:

e = s/m = 40/2 = 4.472 rad/sec

(a) undamped system

D
0
=0.7 in , D
0

=5.6 in/s

D =D
0

sin et +D
0
cos et = 5.6 sin (4.472 x 1) +0.7 cos (4.472 x 1)
e 4.472
=1.383 in

D

=D
0

cos et - D
0
e sin et =5.6 cos 4.472 x 1 0.7 x 4.472x sin 4.472 x 1

=1.0771 in/sec


(b) Damped system , C =2.8 ks/in

= C = 2.8 =0.1565 =15.65 %
2 me 2 x 2 x 4.472


45

e
D
=e 1 -
2
=4.472 1 0.1565
2
= 4.417 rad/s


D
0

+|D
0

D =e
-t
x sin e
D
t +D
0
cos e
D
t
e
D


| =e =0.1565 x 4.472 =0.6999 ~ 0.7

e
-|t
=e
-0.7 x 1
=0.4966

D
0

+|D
0
5.6 +0.7 x 0.7
= =1.3788
e
D
4.417

D =0.4966 [ (1.3788 sin 4.417 x 1 ) +(0.7 cos 4.417 x 1) ]

=0.7563 in

D
0

+|D
0
D
0

+|D
0

D

=- | e
-|t
sin e
D
t +D
0
cos e
D
t +e
-|t x
e
D
cos e
D
t
e
D
e
D


- D
0
e
D
sin e
D
t

=- 0.7 x 0.7563 +0.4966 [ (1.3788 x 4.417 cos 4.417 x 1) (0.7 x 4.417 x sin 4.417 x
1) ]

=0.0591 in/s

16. Determine the max: steady state sides-way in the frame shown in fig: When it is
subjected to a harmonic horizontal force at the level of BC of magnitude of 4 sin 14t
(kip) and (a) no damping is present (b) the damping coefficient =0.1.










sol
n:
12 EI 12 x 10
7

S
AB
= = =2.572 k/in
L
3
(30 x 12)
3




46
12 EI 12 x 10
7

S
CD
= = =5.023 k/in
L
3
(24 x 12)
3


Total S =S
AB
+S
CD
=7.595 k/in


W =60 k , m =(W/g) =(60/386) =0.1554 k s
2
/in


e = s/m = 7.595 = 7 rad/s
0.1554

(a) no damping is present
P(t) =P
0
sin O t =4 sin 14 t
P
0
=4 k , O =14
P
0
1 sin Ot
D
max
=
S 1 (O/e)
2



P
0
1 4 1
D
max
= =
S 1 (O/e)
2
7.595 1 (14/7)
2


=0.176 in


(b) damping coeff: =0.1
|
= 0.1 =( | / e )
e

| =0.1 e =0.1 x 7 =0.7

P
0
x 1
D
max
= 2 2
S 1 (O/e)
2
+

(2O /e
2
)



4 x 1
D
max
= 2 2
7.595 1 14
2
+ (2 x 0.7 x 14 )/49


7

=0.174 in

47

17. Determine the natural circular frequencies and characteristic shapes for the two-degree-
of- freedom systems shown in fig.







Sol
n:

[ m ] = m
1
0 = m 0
0 m
2
0 m


=m 1 0
0 1

From appendix E-1

[ s ] = EI 9.6 - 8.49
L
3
- 8.4 9.6

[ m ]
-1
= 1 1 0
m 0 1


[ B ] =[ m ]
-1
[ s ]

= EI 1 0 9.6 - 8.49 = EI 9.6 - 8.49
mL
3
0 1 - 8.4 9.6 mL
3
- 8.4 9.6


[ B ] - e
2
[ I ] =0


[ B ] - e
2
1 0 = EI 9.6-e
2
-8.4
0 1 mL
3
-8.4 9.6-e
2



[ B ] - e
2
= ( 9.6 - e
2
)
2
- 8.4
2
=0
92.16 19.2 e
2
+ e
4
70.56 =0
e
4
19.2 e
2
+21.6 =0
(e
2
)
2
- 19.2 (e
2
) +21.6 =0
e
1
2
= 1.2 EI
mL
3

48
e
2
2
= - 18 EI
mL
3


For e
1
2
=1.2 EI
mL
3


[ B ] - e
1
2
[I]

D

= { 0 }


EI 9.6-1.2 -8.4 D
1
= 0
mL
3
-8.4 9.6-1.2 D
2



Let D
1
= 1 ,

D
2
=1

D
(1)
= 1
1

For e
2
2
=18 EI /mL
3


EI 9.6-18 - 8.4 D
1
=0
mL
3
- 8.4 9.6-18 D
2



Let D
1
=1

9.6 D
1
+9.6 D
2
= 0
D
2
=-1

D
(2)
= 1
-1

18. Determine the natural circular frequencies and characteristic shapes for the two-degree-
of-freedom systems shown in the fig.










sol
n:





2 1
49

[ m ] = m
1
0 = m 0 = m 1 0
0 m
2
0 m 0 1


From appendix E-3


[ s ] = EI 1.71428 -4.28571
L
3
-4.28571 13.71428


[ m ]
-1
= 1 1 0
m 0 1


[ B ] =[ m ]
-1
[ s ]


= EI 1 0 1.71428 -4.28571
mL
3
0 1 -4.28571 13.71428


= EI 1.71428 -4.28571
mL
3
-4.28571 13.71428


[ B ] - e
2
[ I ] =0


[ B ] - e
2
[ I ] = EI 1.71428- e
2
-4.28571
mL
3
-4.28571 13.71428 - e
2



[ B ] - e
2
[ I ] = (1.71428 - e
2
) (13.71428 - e
2
) 18.36731 =0

23.51012 15.42856 e
2
+e
4
- 18.36731 =0

e
4
15.42856 e
2
+5.14281 =0

e
1
2
=0.341 EI
mL
3


e
2
2
=15.088 EI
mL
3

For e
1
2
= 0.341 EI
mL
3


( [ B ] - e
1
2


[ I ] ) { D} ={0}
50


1.37328 -4.28571 D
1
= 0
-4.28571 13.3733 D
2
0

Let D
1
=1 , D
2
=0.32

D
(1)
= 1
0.32


For e
2
2
= 15.088 EI
mL
3


( [ B ] - e
2
2


[ I ] ) { D} ={0}


-13.7372 -4.28571 D
1
= 0
-4.28571 -1.37372 D
2
0

Let D
1
=1 , D
2
=-3.12

D
(2)
= 1
-3.12


19. Find the angular frequencies and the normal mode characteristic shapes for the
cantilever in fig shown vibrating freely in the plane of the fig. Neglect the axial
deformations and consider only the lumped masses.












sol
n:


The system has three degree of freedom indicated by the three coordinates.







3
2 1
51

From appendix E-3

[ s ] = EI 1.6154 -3.6923 2.7692
L
3
-3.6923 10.1538 -10.6154
2.7692 -10.6154 18.4615


[ m ] = w 4 0 0
g 0 1 0
0 0 1


[ B ] =[ m ]
-1
[ s ]


[ m ]
-1
= g 0.25 0 0
w 0 1 0
0 0 1

[ B ] = EIg 0.25 0 0 1.6154 -3.6923 2.7692
wL
3
0 1 0 -3.6923 10.1538 -10.6154
0 0 1 2.7692 -10.6154 18.4615

[ B] { D } =e
2
{ D } ; [B ] EIg 0.4039 -0.9231 0.6923
wL
3
-3.6923 10.1538 -10.6154
[ B ] - e
2


[ I ] =0 2.7692 -10.6154 18.4615



[ B] - e
2


[ I ] = EIg 0.4039 - e
2
-0.9231 0.6923
wL
3
-3.6923 10.1538 - e
2
-10.6154
2.7692 -10.6154 18.4615 - e
2



[ B ] - e
2


[ I ] = 0.4039 - e
2
-0.9231 0.6923


-3.6923 10.1538 - e
2
-10.6154 =0
2.7692 -10.6154 18.4615 - e
2



(0.4039 - e
2
) [(10.1538 - e
2
) (18.4615 - e
2
) - 10.6154
2
]

+0.9231 -3.6923 (18.4625 -e
2
) +2.7692 x 10.6154

+0.6923 3.6923 x 10.6154 - 2.7692 (10.1538 - e
2
) =0

e
6


- 29.0192 e
4
+81 e
2
2.0797 =0

(e
2
)
3
- 29.0192 (e
2
)
2
+81 (e
2
) 2.0797 =0
52
e
1
2
=0.02588 EIg/wL
3


e
2
2
=3.09908 EIg/wL
3


e
3
2
=25.89415 EIg/wL
3


e
1
=0.1609 EIg/wL
3
; e
2
=1.7604 EIg/wL
3
; e
3
=5.0886 EIg/wL
3



For e
1
2
=0.02588 EIg
wL
3

{[ B ] - e
1
2


[ I ] }{ D} ={0}


0.37802 -0.9231 0.6923 D
1
0
-3.6923 10.12792 -10.6154 D
2 =
0
2.7692 -10.6154 18.43562 D
3
0

(1)
Let D
1
=1 ,
D
2
=0.5224
D
3
=0.1506

1
D
(1)
= 0.5224
0.1506






For e
2
2
=3.09908 EIg
wL
3
{ [ B ] - e
2
2


[ I ] } { D} ={0}


-2.69518 -0.9231 0.6923 D
1
= 0
-3.6923 7.05472 -10.6154 D
2
0
2.7692 -10.6154 15.36242 D
3
0


Let D
1
=1 ,
D
2
=-6.3414
D
3
=-4.5622


D
(2)
= 1
-6.3414


-4.5622
-6.3414
1
1
0.5224
1.506
e
1
=0.1609
3
EIg
wl

1 3
EIg
=1.7604
wl

53
For e
3
2
=25.89415 EIg
wL
3

{ [ B ] - e
3
2


[ I ] } { D} ={0}


-25.49025 -0.9231 0.6923 D
1
= 0
-3.6923 -15.74035 -10.6154 D
2
0
2.7692 -10.6154 -7.43265 D
3
0


Let D
1
=1 ,
D
2
=-13.1981
D
3
=19.2222

1
D
(3)
= -13.1981
19.2222
1.0


13.1981

193.222






20. Find the response of the system shown in fig to a set of harmonic forces at the three
coordinates shown P
1
=2 P
0
sin Ot, P
2
=P
0
sin Ot and P
3
=P
0
sin Ot.









sol
n:


From appendix E-3

[ s ] = EI 1.6154 -3.6923 2.7692
L
3
-3.6923 10.1538 -10.6154
2.7692 -10.6154 18.4615



e
3
=5.0866 EIg/wL
3



54
[ m ] = w 4 0 0
g 0 1 0
0 0 1


[ B ] =[ m ]
-1
[ s ]

[ B] =[ m ]
-1


[ s ] =EIg 0.4039 -0.9231 0.6923
wL
3
-3.6923 10.1538 -10.6154
2.7692 -10.6154 18.4615

[ B ] - e
2
[ I ] = 0

e
1
2
=0.02588 EIg
wL
3

e
2
2
=3.09908 EIg
wL
3

e
3
2
=25.89415 EIg
wL
3

[ B ] - e
2


[ I ] D =0

[ ] = 1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5224 -6.3414 -13.1981
0.1506 -4.5622 19.2222

1
={
( 1)
}
T
[ m ] {
(1)
} =[ 1 0.5224 0.1506 ] W 4 0 0 1
g 0 1 0 0.5224
0 0 1 0.1506

=4.296 W/g

2
= {
(2)
}
T
[ m ] {
(2)
} =[ 1 -6.3414 -4.5622] W 4 0 0 1
g 0 1 0 -6.3414
0 0 1 -4.5622
=65.072 W/g

3
= {
( 3)
}
T
[ m ] {
(3)
} =[1 -13.1981 19.2222] W 4 0 0 1
g 0 1 0 - 13.1981
0 0 1 19.2222

=547.68 W/g

2
P = P
0
1 sin Ot
1


55
2
L
1
= {
( 1)
}
T
{ P } = [ 1 0.5224 0.1506 ] P
0
sin Ot 1
1
=2.673 P
0
sin Ot

2
L
2
= {
( 2)
}
T
{ P } = [ 1 -6.3414 -4.5622 ] P
0
sin Ot 1
1
=-8.904 P
0
sin Ot

2
L
3
= {
( 3)
}
T
{ P } = [ 1 -13.1981 19.2222 ] P
0
sin Ot 1
1
=8.024 P
0
sin Ot

The uncouple eq
n:
of motion is


r

+e
r
2
q
r
= L
r


r


1
+e
1
2
q
1
= L
1


1


1
+0.02588 EIg q
1
=0.6222 P
0
sin Ot
wL
3
w/g

2
+3.09908 EIg q
2
=- 0.1369 P
0
sin Ot
wL
3
w/g

3
+25.89415 EIg q
3
=0.0147 P
0
sin Ot
wL
3
w/g
The steady state displacement is,

q
1
= 0.6223 P
0
g/W sin Ot q
2
= - 0.1369 P
0
g/W sin Ot
0.02588 EIg - O
2
; 3.09908 EIg - O
2
;
W L
3
W L
3


q
3
= 0.0147 P
0
g/W sin Ot
25.89415 EIg - O
2

W L
3


56
21. Find the response of the system shown in fig to a support, motion described by
s =g/5 sin Ot, where O =4 H (1/sec) and g is the acceleration due to gravity.











sol
n:


From appendix E-3

[ s ] = EI 1.6154 -3.6923 2.7692
L
3
-3.6923 10.1538 -10.6154
2.7692 -10.6154 18.4615


[ m ] = W 4 0 0
g 0 1 0
0 0 1

[ B ] =[ m ]
-1
[ s ]


[ B ] - [ m ]
-1


[ s ] =EIg 0.4039 -0.9231 0.6923
WL
3
-3.6923 10.1538 -10.6154
2.7692 -10.6154 18.4615


[ B ] - e
2
[ I ] = 0


e
1
2
=0.02588 EIg
WL
3

e
2
2
=3.09908 EIg
WL
3

e
3
2
=25.89415 EIg
WL
3

[ B ] - e
2


[ I ] D =0



57
[ ] = 1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5224 -6.3414 -13.1981
0.1506 -4.5622 19.2222


m
*
=W/g 4
1
1

4
L
1
=- s {
( 1)
}
T
{ m
*
} =- s [ 1 0.5226 0.15063 ] 1 W/g
1
= - g/5 x W/g sin Ot x 4.67323

=- 0.9346 W sin Ot


L
2
=- s {
( 2)
}
T
{ m
*
}
4
= - g/5 sin Ot x W/g [ 1 -6.3414 -4.5622 ] 1
1
=1.381 W sin Ot



L
3
=- s {
( 3)
}
T
{ m
*
}
4
=- g/5 sin Ot x W/g [ 1 -13.1981 19.2222 ] 1
1
=- 2.005 W sin Ot

1
= {
( 1)
}
T
{ m }{
( 1)
}

4 0 0 1
= [ 1 0.5224 0.1506 ] W/g 0 1 0 0.5224
0 0 1 0.1506

=4.296 W/g

2
= {
( 2)
}
T
{ m }{
( 2)
}
4 0 0 1
= [ 1 -6.3414 -4.5622 ] W/g 0 1 0 -6.3414
0 0 1 -4.5622

=65.027 W/g


58

3
= {
( 3)
}
T
{ m }{
( 3)
}




4 0 0 1
= [ 1 -13.1981 19.2222 ] W/g 0 1 0 -13.1981
0 0 1 19.2222

=547.68 W/g

The uncouple eq
n:
of motion is

r
+e
r
2
q
r
= L
r


r


1
+e
1
2
q
1
= L
1


1


1
+0.02588 EIg q
1
=- 0.2174 g sin Ot
WL
3


2
+3.09908 EIg q
2
= 0.0212 g sin Ot
WL
3


3
+25.89415 EIg q
3
=- 0.0037 g sin Ot
W L
3


The steady state uncouple displacement is

q
1
= - 0.2174 g sin Ot
0.02588 EIg - O
2

WL
3


q
2
= 0.0212 g sin Ot
3.09908 EIg - O
2

WL
3


q
3
= - 0.0037 g sin Ot
25.89415 EIg - O
2

wL
3




59
22. Determine the natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes for the shear
building shown in fig.











Sol
n
:

m
1
0 0 0.025 0 0
[ m ] = 0 m
2
0 = 0 0.05 0 ks
2
/in
0 0 m
3
0 0 0.1


k
1
+k
2
- k
2
0 40 -10 0
[ k ] = - k
2
k
2
+k
3
- k
2
= -10 20 -10 k/in
0 - k
3
k
3
0 -10 10


[ m ]
-1
= 40 0 0
0 20 0
0 0 10

40 0 0 40 - 10 0
[ B ] = [ m ]
-1
[ k ] = 0 20 0 x -10 20 -10
0 0 10 0 -10 10


1600 -400 0
= -200 400 -200
0 -100 100


1600 -e
2
-400 0
[ B ] - e
2
[ I ] = - 200 400 -e
2
-200
0 -100 100 -e
2


[ B ] - e
2
[ I ] =(1600 -e
2
) (400 -e
2
) (100 -e
2
) 2 x 10
4
+400 - 200 (100 - e
2
) =0

(1600 -e
2
) 4 x 10
4
500 e
2
+ e
4
2 x 10
4
- 8 x 10
6
+8 x 10
4
e
2
=0

32 x 10
6
80 x 10
4
e
2
+1600 e
4
2 x 10
4
e
2
+500 e
4
e
6
- 8 x 10
6
+8 x 10
4
e
2
=0

- e
6
+2100 e
4
74 x10
4
e
2
+24 x10
6
=0

60
- (e
2
}
3
+2100 (e
2
}
2
- 74 x10
4
(e
2
} +24 x10
6
=0
e
1
2
=36.06 ; e
1
=6.01 rad/s
e
2
2
=400 ; e
2
=20 rad/s
e
3
2
=1663.94 ; e
3
=40.79 rad/s

Natural frequencies

1 = e = 0.96 Hz ; 2 =3.183 Hz ; 3 =6.492 Hz
2

For e
1
2
=36.06

[ B ] - e
1
2


[ I ] D =0


1563.94 -400 0 D
1
0
-200 363.94 -200 D
2 =
0
0 -100 63.94 D
3
0




Let D
1
=1 , 6.12
D
2
=3.91
D
3
=6.12 3.91

1 1
D
(1)
= 3.91
6.12 e
1
=6.01rad/sec

For e
2
2
= 400


( [ B ] - e
2
2


[ I ] ) { D} ={0}


1200 - 400 0 D
1
= 0
- 200 0 - 200 D
2
0
0 - 100 - 300 D
3
0


Let D
1
=1 ,
D
2
=3
D
3
=- 1

1
D
(2)
= 3
- 1


e
2


=
20rad/sec

3.0
1.0
-1.0
61
For e
3
2
=1663.94


([ B ] - e
3
2


[ I ] ) { D} ={0}


- 63.94 - 400 0 D
1
= 0
- 200 - 1263.94 -200 D
2
0
0 - 100 - 1563.94 D
3
0


Let D
1
=1 ,
D
2
=- 0.16
D
3
=0.01

1
D
(3)
= - 0.16
0.01





e
3
=40.79 rad.s


FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

23. For the spring assemblage with arbitrarily numbered nodes shown in fig. obtain (a) the
global stiffness matrix (b) the displacements of nodes 3 and 4. (c) the reaction forces at
node 1 and 2 (d) the forces in each spring . A force of 5000 lb is applied at node 4 in the
x direction. The spring constants are given in the fig. Nodes 1 and 2 are fixed.






Soln:
For element 1,

k
(1)
= k
1
- k
1
= 1000 - 1000 lb/in
- k
1
k
1
-1000 1000



For element 2,

k
(2)
= k
2
- k
2
= 2000 - 2000 lb/in
- k
2
k
2
-2000 2000




1.00
0.01
-0.16
62
For element 3,

k
(3)
= k
3
- k
3
= 3000 - 3000 lb/in
- k
3
k
3
-3000 3000

Assemblage the spring elements

(a) k = k
1
0
-
k
1
0 = 1000 0 -1000 0
0 k
3
0 - k
3
0 3000 0 -3000

-
k
1
0 k
1
+k
2
- k
2
-1000 0 3000 -2000
0 - k
3
- k
2
k
2
+k
3
0 -3000 -2000 5000


(b) k d =F

1000 0 -1000 0 d
1x
F
1x

0 3000 0 -3000 d
2x
= F
2x

-1000 0 3000 -2000 d
3x
F
3x

0 -3000 -2000 5000 d
4x
F
4x


Boundary condition d
1x
=0 , d
2x
=0
F
3x
=0 , F
4x
=5000 lb


3000 -2000 d
3x
= F
3x
0
-2000 5000 d
4x
F
4x
5000

d
3x
=10 in
11

d
4x
=15 in
11


(c) 1000 0 -1000 0 0 F
1x

0 3000 0 -3000 0 = F
2x

-1000 0 3000 -2000 10/11 F
3x

0 -3000 -2000 5000 15/11 F
4x


F
1x
=-10,000 lb
11

F
2x
==45,000 lb
11
(d) For element 1,

= k d


1x
= 1000 -1000 d
1x
0

3x
-1000 1000 d
3x
10/11
63


1x
=-10,000 lb
11


3x
=10,000 lb
11
1
10000/11 10000/11



For element 2,


3x
= 2000 -2000 d
3x
10/11

4x
-2000 2000 d
4x
15/11



3x
=-10,000 lb
11


4x
=10,000 lb
11

2
10000/11 10000/11


For element 3,


4x
= 3000 -3000 d
4x
15/11

2x
-3000 3000 d
2x
0



4x
=45,000 lb
11


2x
=-45,000 lb
11

3
45000/11 lb
45000/11 lb






64
24. For the spring assemblages shown in fig, obtain (a) the global stiffness matrix, (b) the
displacement of nodes 2, 3 and 4 (c) the global nodal forces, and (d) the local element
forces. Node 1 is fixed while node 5 is given a fixed, known displacement = 20 mm .
The spring constants are all equal to k = 200 kN/m.






Sol
n
:
For element 1,

k
(1)
= k
1
- k
1
= 200 - 200 kN/m
- k
1
k
1
-200 200

k
(1)
=k
(2)
=k
(3)
=k
(4)



(a) k = 200 -200 0

0 0
-200 400 -200 0 0


0 -200 400 -200 0
0 0 - 200 400 -200
0 0 0 -200 200

(b) k d =F

200 -200 0 0 0 d
1x
F
1x

-200 400 -200 0 0 d
2x
F
2x

0 -200 400 -200 0 = d
3x
F
3x

0 0 -200 400 -200 d
4x
F
4x

0 0 0 200 200 d
5x
F
5x


Boundary condition d
1x
=0 , d
5x
=20 mm =0.02 m
F
2x
=0 , F
3x
=0 , F
4x
=0


400 -200 0 d
2x
= F
2x

-200 400 -200 d
3x
F
3x

0 -200 400 d
4x
F
3x
+200 x


400 -200 0 d
2x
= 0
-200 400 -200 d
3x
0
0 -200 400 d
4x
4

D
2x
=0.005 m, D
3x
=0.01 m, D
4x
=0.015 m





65
(c)

200 -200 0 0 0 0 F
1x

-200 400 -200 0 0 0.005 F
2x

0 -200 400 -200 0 0.01 = F
3x

0 0 -200 400 -200 0.015 F
4x

0 0 0 200 200 0.02 F
5x


F
1x
=-1 kN, F
2x
=0, F
3x
=0, F
4x
=0, F
5x
=1 kN

( d ) For element 1,

=k d


1x
= 200 -200 d
1x
0


2x
-200 200 d
2x
0.005



1x
= - 1 kN


2x
= 1 kN

1


1 kN 1 kN


For element 2,



2x
= 200 -200 d
2x
0.005


3x
-200 200 d
3x
0.01



2x
=- 1 kN


3x
= 1 kN

2


1 kN 1 kN

For element 3,



3x
= 200 -200 d
3x
0.01


4x
-200 200 d
4x
0.015


66

3x
=- 1 kN


4x
= 1 kN


3


1 kN 1 kN


For element 4,



4x
= 200 -200 d
4x
0.015


5x
-200 200 d
5x
0.01


4x
=- 1 kN


5x
= 1 kN


4
1 kN 1 kN


25. (a) Obtain the global stiffness matrix K of the assemblage shown in fig by superimposing
the stiffness matrices of the individual springs. Here k
1
, k
2
, and k
3
are the stiffness of
the springs as shown.
(b) If nodes 1 and 2 are fixed and a force P acts on node 4 in the positive x direction,
find an expression for the displacements of nodes 3 and 4.
(c) Determine the reaction forces at nodes 1 and 2.







Sol
n
:
For element 1,

k
(1)
= k
1
- k
1

- k
1
k
1


For element 2,

k
(2)
= k
2
- k
2

- k
2
k
2



67
For element 3,

k
(3)
= k
3
- k
3

- k
3
k
3



(a) k
1
0 - k
1
0
k = 0 k
3
0 - k
3



- k
1
0 k
1
+k
2
- k
2

0 - k
3
- k
2
k
2
+k
3


(b) k d =F

k
1
0 - k
1
0 d
1x
F
1x

0 k
3
0 - k
3
d
2x
= F
2x

- k
1
0 k
1
+k
2
- k
2
d
3x
F
3x

0 - k
3
- k
2
k
2
+k
3
d
4x
F
4x



Boundary condition d
1x
=0 , d
2x
=0 , F
3x
=0 , F
4x
=0 ,

k
1
+k
2
- k
2
d
3x
= F
3x
0
- k
2
k
2
+k
3
d
4x
F
4x
P



(k
1
+k
2
) d
3x
- k d
4x
=0

(k
1
+k
2
)
d
4x
= d
3x

k
2


- k
2
d
3x
+(k
2
+k
3
) d
4x
=P

(k
1
+k
2
)
- k
2
d
3x
+(k
2
+k
3
) x d
3x
=P
k
2


- k
2
2
+k
1
k
2
+k
1
k
3
+k
2
2
+k
2
k
3

d
3x
( ) =P
k
2


k
2

d
3x
= P
k
1
k
2
+k
2
k
3
+k
1
k
3


k
1
+k
2

d
4x
= P
k
1
k
2
+k
2
k
3
+k
1
k
3


68
(c)
k
1
0 - k
1
0 0 F
1x

0 k
3
0 - k
3
0 F
2x

- k
1
0 k
1
+k
2
- k
2
k
2
P =
k
1
k
2
+k
2
k
3
+k
1
k
3
F
3x

0 - k
3
- k
2
k
2
+k
3
(k
1+
k
2
) P
k
1
k
2
+k
2
k
3
+k
1
k
3
F
4x


- k
1
k
2

F
1x
= P
k
1
k
2
+k
2
k
3
+k
1
k
3


- k
3
( k
1
k
2
)


F
2x
= P
k
1
k
2
+k
2
k
3
+k
1
k
3



26. For the spring assemblage shown in fig, determine the displacement at node 2 and the
forces in each spring element. Also determine the force F
3
. Given node 3 displaces an
amount = 1 in the positive x direction because of the force F
3
and k
1
=k
2
=1000 lb/in.





Soln:
For element 1,

k
(1)
= k
1
- k
1
= 1000 -1000 lb/in
- k
1
k
1
-1000 1000

For element 2,

k
(2)
= k
2
- k
2
= 1000 -1000 lb/in
- k
2
k
2
-1000 1000

Assemblage the spring elements

k = 1000 - 1000 0
- 1000 2000 - 1000
0 - 1000 1000

(b) k d =F

1000 - 1000 0 d
1x
F
1x

- 1000 2000 - 1000 d
2x
= F
2x

0 - 1000 1000 d
3x
F
3x



69
Boundary condition d
1x
=0 , d
3x
=1 in , F
2x
=0

2000 d
2x
- 1000 d
3x
= F
2x


2000 d
2x
= 1000 x 1

d
2x
=0.5 in

1000 - 1000 0 0 F
1x

- 1000 2000 - 1000 0.5 = F
2x

0 - 1000 1000 1 F
3x


F
1x
=- 500 lb

F
3x
=- 500 +1000 =500 lb
For element 1,

=k d


1x
= 1000 -1000 d
1x
0


2x
-1000 1000 d
2x
0.5



1x
=- 500 lb ;



2x
= 500 lb



1


500 500

For element 2,

=k d


2x
= 1000 -1000 d
2x
0.5


3x
-1000 1000 d
3x
1



2x
=- 500 lb ;



3x
= 500 lb


2


500 lb 500 lb

70
27. (a) For the spring assemblage shown fig, obtain the global stiffness matrix by direct
superposition.
(b) In nodes 1 in fixed while node 5 is given a fixed, known displacement of as shown
in fig, determine the nodal displacements.
(c) Determine the reactions at the fixed nodes 1 and 5.






Soln:
For element 1,

k
(1)
= k - k


- k k

k
(2)
= k
(3)
= k
(4)
= k
(1)
= k - k
- k k


(a) k = k

-k 0

0 0
- k 2 k

- k 0 0


0 - k 2 k - k 0
0 0 - k 2 k - k
0 0 0 - k k


(b) k d =F

k -k 0 0 0 d
1x
F
1x

-k 2 k -k 0 0 d
2x
= F
2x

0 -k 2 k -k 0 d
3x
F
3x

0 0 - k 2 k -k d
4x
F
4x

0 0 0 -k k d
5x
F
5x



Boundary condition d
1x
=0 , d
5x
=

F
2x
=0 , F
3x
=0 , F
4x
=0

2 k - k 0 d
2x
F
2x
0
- k 2 k - k d
3x
= F
3x
0
0 - k 2 k d
4x
F
4x
+ k k


2 k d
2x
- k d
3x
=0
d
3x
=2 d
2x
- k d
2x
+2 k d
3x
- k d
4x
=0


71
- k d
2x
+4 k d
2x
- k d
4x
=0

3 k d
2x
=k d
4x

d
4x
=3 d
2x

- k d
3x
+2 k d
4x
= k

- 2 k d
2x
+6 k d
2x
= k

4 k d
2x
= k


d
2x
= /4

d
2x
= /4 ; d
3x
= /2 ; d
4x
= 3/4




( c ) k d =F

k -k 0 0 0 0 F
1x

-k 2 k -k 0 0 0.25 = F
2x

0 -k 2 k -k 0 0.5 F
3x

0 0 - k 2 k -k 0.75 F
4x

0 0 0 -k k

F
5x


F
1x
=- 0.25 k

F
5x
=- 0.25 k

28. For the spring assemblages shown in fig, determine the nodal displacements, the forces
in each element and the reactions. Use the direct stiffness method.






Soln:
For element 1,

k
(1)
= k
1
- k
1
= 500 -500 lb/in
- k
1
k
1
-500 500

For element 2,

k
(2)
= k
2
- k
2
= 1000 -1000 lb/in
- k
2
k
2
-1000 1000


72
For element 3,

k
(3)
= k
3
- k
3
= 1500 -1500 lb/in
- k
3
k
3
-1500 1500

(b) k d =F

500 500 0 0 d
1x
F
1x

-500 1500 -1000 0 d
2x
= F
2x

0 -1000 2500 -1500 d
3x
F
3x

0 0 -1500 1500 d
4x
F
4x


Boundary condition d
1x
=0

F
2x
=-1000 lb, F
4x
=4000 lb , F
3x
=0



1500 - 1000 0 d
2x
-1000
- 1000 2500 - 1500 d
3x
= 0
0 - 1500 1500 d
4x
4000

d
2x
=6 in

d
3x
=10 in

d
4x
=12.667 in (38/3)

F
1x
=500 d
1x
- 500 d
2x
- =- 3000 lb


For element 1,

=k d


1x
= 500 -500 d
1x
0


2x
-500 5 00 d
2x
6



1x
=- 3000 lb ;



2x
= 3000 lb

1


3000lb 3000lb




73
For element 2,


2x
= 1000 -1000 d
2x
6


3x
-1000 1000 d
3x
10



2x
=- 4000 lb ;



3x
= 4000 lb


2


4000 4000lb


For element 3,


3x
= 1500 -1500 d
3x
10


4x
-1500 1500 d
4x
38/3



3x
=- 4000 lb ;



4x
= 4000 lb



3


4000 lb 4000lb




74
29. Describe the flow chart for determining the member forces in given structure by finite
element analysis.

75
30.(a) If the system is shown has a damping coefficient =0.1, what are the damped
natural circular frequency and natural period of damped vibration? What is the
displacement at t =1 sec, if D
0
=1 in and D
0
=10 in/sec?











(EI)
AB
=(EI)
CD
=10
7
k-in
2


12 EI 12 x 10
7

S
AB
= = = 2.572 k/in
L
3
(30 x 12)
3


12 EI 12 x 10
7

S
CD
= = = 5.025 k/in
L
3
(24 x 12)
3



Total S =S
AB
+S
CD
=7.595 k/in

W 60
m = = =0.1554 ks
2
/in
g 386


s 7.595
e = = =7 rad/s
m 0.1554

| = e =0.1 x 7 =0.7

e
d
2
=e
2
- |
2
= 7
2
- 0.7
2


e = 6.965 rad/s

2 2
T
d
= = = 0.902 sec
e
d
6.965






76
If D
0
=1 in, D
0
=10 in/sec


D
0
2
+| D
0

D =e
-|t
sin e
d
+D
0
cos e
d
t
e
d



10+0.7 x 1
D =e
-0.7 x 1
sin 6.969 x 1 +1

cos 6.965 x 1
6.956

D =0.8663 in


30 (b) If the amplitude of free vibration of a system with one degree of freedom decrease by
50% in 3 cycle, what is the damping coefficient?

1 D
n

= in
P D
n+p



1 1
= ln
3 0.5

= 0.2311

0.2311
Damping coefficient = = =0.0368 =3.68%
2 2