Women dominated the teaching profession in primary education

Cycle, flow, circulation

Meanwhile
As can be seen, this is a continuous cycle that keeps the reactor from overheating, while carrying
away the heat and steam, which will power the turbines.


Nouns a rise
an increase
a surge
a growth
a peak

a fluctuation
a variation

a period of stability
a plateau

a fall
a decrease
a decline
a dip
verbs to rise
to increase
to surge
to grow
to peak
to skyrocket

to fluctuate
to vary

to fall
to decrease
to decline
to dip
to dive
to plunge
Phrases to show an upward trend
to show a downward trend
to hit the highest point
to hit the lowest point
to reach a peak
to show some fluctuation
to fluctuate wildly
to remain stable
to remain static
to remain unchanged
to stay constant
to reach a plateau (tahap mendatar)
to level off (mendatar)
to flatten out
the highest
the lowest
the second highest
the third highest

compared to
compared with
relative to
Adverbs sharply
suddenly
rapidly
abruptly
dramatically
significantly
steadily
considerably
markedly
slightly
gently
gradually
wildly
Adjectives sharp
sudden
rapid
abrupt
dramatic
steep
significant
steady
considerable
marked
slight
gentle
gradual









SAMPLE SENTENCES

There was a substantial increase in the value of stocks on March 15th.

House prices rose dramatically in July.

The number of tourists visiting New York fell sharply in October.

The percentage of students walking to school continued to rise gradually over the ten year
period from 2000-2010.

There was a sharp increase in employee turnover after the strike.

Interest in environmental issues has risen steadily over the last 10 years.
More useful words and phrases
1.Percent the word percent comes after a number

Examples:
More than 25% of the students are from Brazil.
More than 25 percent of the students come from Brazil.
2.Percentage - The word percentage comes after words like the, a, this and that. Often, it is preceded
by an adjective.
Examples:
A small percentage of residents have lived in the building for more than 20 years.
The percentage of students who live on campus has fallen sharply since the fire.
3.For numbers up to ten, write the numbers in words. For numbers over 10, you can write the
numbers in numbers.
Examples:
Five percent of the employees were late this month.
More than 50 percent of the students handed in their assignments late after the long weekend.
4.If the sentence starts with a number, always write it in words.
Examples: Wrong: 25 students were from China.
Right: Twenty-five students were from China.

GRAMMAR
Take note of the following prepositions which you will need to describe dates, numbers and
comparisons:
Dates
In December,
In 2005,
From 2001-2010,
By 1998,
Between 1965-1969

Numbers
Increase of 25%
Decreased by 10%
Fell from 200 in July to 150 in August

Comparison
Compared to
Compared with
Relative to





proportion




Note how these two sentences mean exactly the same:
The rate of unemployment rose to 12% in 2010.
The rate of unemployment rose by 5% in 2010.
Preposition problem 2 in and of
This one is harder. We use in to describe changes in things and of to describe changes in
number or amount. For example,
There was a rise in the rate of unemployment
There was a rise of 5% in the rate of unemployment.


Read more: IELTS task 1 trend vocabularyDominic Cole's IELTS and
Beyond http://www.dcielts.com/ielts-writing/task-1-graph-vocabulary-1/#ixzz2oYlfDzdk
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives

In the modern world, we frequently no longer rely on food that has been grown locally, but
we have become accustomed to buying produce from all over the world. While this trend has
some clear benefits to consumers, I would argue that overall transporting food over long
distances is a negative.

Read more: 10 ways to make your writing more academic |Dominic Cole's IELTS and
Beyond http://www.dcielts.com/ielts-writing/10-wayswriting-more-academic/#ixzz2odVtcqcL
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives
The strongest argument against importing food is environmental. Studies have shown that
transport and the use of fossil fuels is one of the leading causes of global warming and
climate change. This means that if we want to lead a greener lifestyle, we should be trying to
minimise transport and this includes the unnecessarytransport of foodstuffs.

Read more: 10 ways to make your writing more academic |Dominic Cole's IELTS and
Beyond http://www.dcielts.com/ielts-writing/10-wayswriting-more-
academic/#ixzz2odW1wegE
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives

Four more fatalities last week raised to 87 the number of deaths from dengue over the past year
since Jan 1, 2013.



INSIGNIFICANT
Test tip:Ideas for Advantages & Disadvantages Essay Focus Statements
The aim/goal/objective/purpose of
this essay is to
This essay will try/attempt/make an
effort to
In this essay, an attempt will be made
to
discuss
investigate
examine
explain the
advantages and disadvantages
benefits and drawbacks
merits and demerits
upsides and downsides
pros and cons
strengths and weaknesses
of
this (w/
background)
this idea (w/
background)
n./n.p.
the idea that
-
positive and
negative
welcome and
unwelcome
favourable and
unfavourable
desirable and
undesirable
beneficial and
detrimental
consequences
results
impacts
effec




SPEAKING



To gike you the example of Fishman
Take dubai, for example










a sudden and noticeable difference between those under 18 and those over
65 in 1998
the number of under-18s rise dramatically between 1996 and 2000
increase slightly
decline significantly over the five-year period
there a slight decline in the number of married
there a sharp drop in the number of under-18s between 1997 and 1998
slight reduction
minuscule adj extremely small, amat kecil: a ~ vase, pasu bunga yg amat kecil.


Vocab
Age===umur, aged ==berumur
None=childless
women who had given birth
more likely, choose
Early forties
early adj & adv 1. near to the beginning of, awal: in the ~ part of this century, pd awal abad ini; ~ in
September, pd awal bulan September; in ~ spring, pd awal musim bunga; in the ~ fifties, pd awal
tahun-tahun lima puluhan;

In 1981, similar proportions of women aged in their early forties were childless or had given birth to
only one child (8.5% and 7.6% respectively). By 2006, 15.9% of women were childless and 13.2% had
given birth to only one child.

Overall, by age 40-44 years, the proportion of women who have had three or more children has fallen
considerably since the 1980s, while the proportions who have had no children, or only one or two
children has increased.

Bukan that have=== tapi who have got== who have had
Ayat tukar kedudukan percentage (of women were childless)
In 1981, similar proportions of women aged in their early forties were childless or had given birth to
only one child (8.5% and 7.6% respectively). By 2006, 15.9% of women were childless and 13.2%
had given birth to only one child.

The graphs show that the global population increase will not occur evenly throughout the world, but
will be greater in some areas than others.


The bar chart gives information about the gender of teachers in six types of educational institutions in
the UK in 2010. It shows what percentage of teachers was male and what percentage was female.

Women dominated the teaching profession in primary education, but less so at lower and upper
secondary education. It was particularly true of nursery school, where the share of female teachers
was above 95%. Similarly one-sided was the situation in primary school, where over 90% of teachers
were also female.

At secondary and upper secondary level this pattern was less pronounced, where there were
nearly equal proportions of male and female teachers. On the other hand, male teachers
outnumbered female teachers in high-level education, where the proportion of men was twice that
for women.

Overall, the higher the level of education, the more male teachers dominated, and the reverse
occurred with respect to female teachers.


IELTS