FOR PIPING ENGINEERs

KNOWLEDGE TESTING
Please help to answer this Examination?
! "an #o$ explain in %etail three or more ma&or %i''eren(es )etween (o%e *NSI +,!
an% (o%e *NSI +,!,?
-! There is a power plant insi%e a Pro(ess re'iner#! Where exa(tl# the *NSI +,! .
*NSI +,!, s(ope )rea/ o(($rs?
,! Whi(h o' the 'ollowin0 pipin0 s#stem is more health ha1ar%o$s! *2 F$el oil pipin0 )2
Pro(ess pipin0 with "a$sti( (2 pro(ess pipin0 with 3F a(i% %2 S$lph$ri( a(i% pipin0!
4! There is a steam pipin0 with low po(/et )$t witho$t steam trap! What will )e worst
(onse5$en(e o' this la#o$t?
6! In what (ir($mstan(e7 the re%$(er o' a p$mp s$(tion pipin0 will )e in )ottom 'lat
position! Explain wh# the re%$(er sho$l% )e so!
8! * P.ID shows a spe( )rea/ 9at Flan0e2 )etween (ar)on steel . stainless steel
spe(i'i(ation! What a%%itional arran0ements #o$ ha:e to ma/e 'or that %issimilar
material
'lan0e &oint?
;! * stainless steel pipin0 spe(i'i(ation mentions Gal:ani1e% (ar)ons steel )olts! What
is
#o$r 'irst rea(tion ti this an% how %o #o$ re(ti'# it?
<! 3ow man# t#pes o' pipin0 spe(ialit# items %o #o$ /now? Wh# it is (alle% a pipin0
spe(ial? Wh# not we in(l$%e them in stan%ar% pipin0 spe(i'i(ation!
=! Draw a t#pi(al steam trap station la#o$t an% explain wh# the existen(e o' a )#>pass
line aro$n% the trap is not a 0oo% i%ea7 when the (on%ensate is ret$rnin0 to a
(on%ensate
hea%er?
?! Explain what is a @Do$)le )lo(/ . +lee%A :al:e? Wh# we nee% a )lee% :al:e? When
%o we $se this?
! In a t#pi(al tie>in where sho$l% the spe(ta(le )lin% )e inserte%? a2 a'ter )lo(/ :al:e
an% towar%s existin0 plant )2 )e'ore )lo(/ :al:e an% towar%s new plant! Explain wh#!
-! @Stress intensi'i(ation 'a(tor 9SIF2A Where %o we $se this? Explain this term! 3ow
man# t#pes o' these SIFs exist?
,! When all %esi0n parameters are same7 whose thermal expansion is hi0her amon0
the
'ollowin0? *2 "ar)on steel )2 Stainless steel (2 D$plex steel %2 "ast Iron e2 Gal:ani1e%
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
! What 'a(tors to (onsi%er 'or site sele(tion?
*ns C Distri(t (lassi'i(ation7 Transportation 'a(ilities7 Danpower
a:aila)ilit#7 in%$strial in'rastr$(t$re7 (omm$nit# in'rastr$(t$re7 a:aila)ilit#
o' raw water7 e''l$ent %isposal7 a:aila)ilit# o' power7 a:aila)ilit# o'
in%$strial 0as7 site si1e an% nat$re7 e(olo0# an% poll$tion!
-! What are %i''erent stan%ar%s?
*ns C Dost (ommonl# $se stan%ar%s are as 'ollowsC
Sr! Stan%ar% Des(ription
! *NSI +<!- S5$are an% hexa0ola hea% )olts an% n$ts
-! *NSI +8!, Dallea)le iron threa%e% 'ittin0s
,! *NSI +8!4 "ast iron threa%e% 'ittin0s!
4! *NSI +8!= Steel )$ttwel%in0 'ittin0s
6! *NSI +8! For0e% steel so(/etwel%in0 an% threa%e% 'ittin0s
8! *NSI +8!-6 +$ttwel%in0 en%s
;! *NSI +8!-< Short el)ow ra%i$s an% ret$rns
<! DSS>SP>4, Stainless steel )$ttwel% 'ittin0s
=! DSS>SP><, Pipe Enions
?! *PI 8?6 Lar0e %iameter (ar)on steel 'lan0es
! *NSI +8! "ast iron pipe 'lan0es an% 'lan0e% 'ittin0s
-! *NSI +8!6 Steel pipe 'lan0es an% 'lan0e% 'ittin0s
,! *NSI +8!4; Lar0e %iameter steel pipe 'lan0es an% 'lan0e% 'itts!
4! *NSI +8!-? Rin0 &oint 0as/ets an% 0roo:es 'or pipe 'lan0es
6! *NSI +8!- Non metalli( 0as/ets 'or pipe 'lan0es
8! *PI 8? Detalli( 0as/et 'or re'iner# pipin0!
;! *PI 6L Spe(i'i(ation 'or line pipe!
<! *NSI +8!? Wel%e% an% seamless wro$0ht steel pipes
=! *NSI +,8!= Wel%e% an% seamless a$steniti( stainless steel pipe
-?! *NSI +8!? Fa(e to 'a(e an% en% to en% %imensions o' :al:es
-! *NSI +8!,4 Steel :al:es7 'lan0e% an% )$ttwel%in0 en%s!
,! What are :ario$s temporar# (los$res 'or lines?
*ns C Line )lin% :al:e7 line )lin%7 spe(ta(le plate7 %o$)le )lo(/ an% )lee%7
)lin% 'lan0es repla(in0 a remo:a)le spool!
4! Where &a(/e% s(rewe% 'lan0e is $se% ?
*ns C For spe(ta(le %is(s7 one 'lan0e is &a(/e% s(rew 'lan0e! This 'lan0e
has two &a(/e% s(rews <? %e0ree apart whi(h are $se% to (reate
s$''i(ient spa(e )etween 'lan0e 'or eas# remo:al an% pla(ement o' line
)lin% or spe(ta(le )lin%!
6! What is %o$)le )lo(/ an% )lee%?
*ns C Two :al:es with )lee% rin0 in )etween with a )lee% :al:e (onne(te%
to the hole o' )lee% rin0!
8! Where )lin% 'lan0e is $se% ?
*ns C It is $se% with :iew to '$t$re expansion o' the pipin0 s#stem7 or 'or
(leanin07 inspe(tion et(!
TOWERS
;! What are (r$%e oil ran0es?
*ns C "r$%e oil +P Ran0eC ??F>4??F7 li0htest materialC +$tene )elow
??F7 3ea:ier materials> $pto <??F7 Resi%$e a)o:e <??F!
<! What is )at(h shell pro(ess?
*ns C 'ee%7 heat7(on%ense7heat more7(on%ense7 low 5$alit#!
=! What are t#pes o' towers?
*ns C Stripper7 Fa($$m tower7 tra#e%7 pa(/e% towers!
?! What is (himne# tra#?
*ns C Its a soli% plate with (entral (himne# se(tion7 $se% at %rawo''
se(tions o' the tower!
! What 'a(tors to (onsi%er while settin0 tower ele:ation?
*ns C NPS37 Operator a((ess7 Daintenan(e a((ess7 Dinim$m (learan(e7
re)oiler t#pe 7 (ommon area7 t#pe o' s$pport7 Tower %imensions7 t#pe o'
hea%7 )ottom o$tlet si1e7 'o$n%ation %etails7 minim$m (learan(es!
-! 3ow to lo(ate% tower maintenan(e a((ess no11les ?
*ns C *t )ottom7 top an% interme%iate se(tions o' tower7 m$st not )e at
the %own(omer se(tion o' tower an% in 'ront o' internal pipin0!
,! 3ow to lo(ate% 'ee% no11le ?
*ns C D$st )e oriente% in spe(i'i( area o' tra# )# means o' internal
pipin0!
4! 3ow to lo(ate% temperat$re an% press$re instr$ments ?
*ns C Temperat$re in li5$i% spa(e7 at %own(omer si%e an% press$re in
:apor spa(e7 in area ex(ept %own(omer se(tor!
! What are the steps in sele(tion o' :al:e?
*ns C What to han%le7 li5$i%7 0as or pow%er7 'l$i% nat$re7 '$n(tion7
(onstr$(tion material7 %is( t#pe7 stem t#pe7 how to operate7 )onnet t#pe7
)o%# en%s7 %eli:er# time7 (ost7 warrant#!
-! What are '$n(tions o' :al:es?
*ns C Isolation7 re0$lation7 non>ret$rn an% spe(ial p$rposes!
,! What are isolatin0 :al:es?
*ns C Gate7 )all7 pl$07 piston7 %iaphra0m7 )$tter'l#7 pin(h!
4! What are re0$lation :al:es?
*ns C Glo)e7 nee%le7 )$tter'l#7 %iaphra0m7 piston7 pin(h!
6! What are non>ret$rn :al:es?
*ns C (he(/ :al:e7
8! What are spe(ial :al:es?
*ns C m$lti>port7 'l$sh )ottom7 'loat7 'oot7 press$re relie'7 )reather!
;! What materials are $se% 'or (onstr$(tion o' :al:es?
*ns C "ast iron7 )ron1e7 0$n metal7 (ar)on steel7 stainless steel7 allo#
(ar)on steel7 pol#prop#lene an% other plasti(s7 spe(ial allo#s!
<! What is trim?
*ns C Trim is (ompose% o' stem7 seat s$r'a(es7 )a(/ seat )$shin0 an%
other small internal parts that normall# (onta(t the s$r'a(e 'l$i%!
=! Whi(h stan%ar% spe(i'ies trim n$m)ers 'or :al:e ?
*ns C *PI 8??!
?! What are wette% parts o' :al:e?
*ns C *ll parts that (ome in (onta(t with s$r'a(e 'l$i% are (alle% wette%
parts!
! What is wire %rawin0?
*ns C This term is $se% to in%i(ate the premat$re erosion o' the :al:e
seat (a$se% )# ex(essi:e :elo(it# )etween seat an% seat %is(7 when :al:e
is not (lose% ti0htl#!
-! What is strai0ht thro$0h :al:e?
*ns C Fal:e in whi(h the (losin0 operation o' :al:e is a(hie:e% )#
=?%e0rees t$rn o' the (losin0 element!
,! What press$re tests are (arrie% o$t on :al:es?
*ns C Shell>h#%rostati(7 seat>h#%rostati(7 seat>pne$mati(
4! What are a:aila)le :al:e operators?
*ns C 3an%le:er7 han%wheel7 (hain operator7 0ear operator7 powere%
operator li/es ele(tri( motor7 solenoi%7 pne$mati( an% h#%ra$li(
operators7 G$i(/ a(tin0 operators 'or non>rotar# :al:es 9han%le li't2!
6! What are two t#pes o' )all :al:e?
*ns C F$ll port %esi0n an% re0$lar port %esi0n7 a((or%in0 to t#pe o' seat7
so't seat an% metal seat!
8! What are )all :al:e )o%# t#pes?
*ns C Sin0le pie(e7 %o$)le pie(e7 three pie(e7 the short pattern7 lon0
pattern7 san%wit(h an% 'l$sh )ottom %esi0n!
;! Wh# )all :al:es are normall# 'lan0e%?
*ns C +e(a$se o' so't seat PTFE whi(h (an %ama0e %$rin0 wel%in0!
<! What are )$tter'l# :al:e t#pes?
*ns C Do$)le 'lan0e t#pe7 wa'er l$0 t#pe an% wa'er t#pe!
=! What are t#pes o' (he(/ :al:e?
*ns C Li't (he(/ :al:es an% swin0 (he(/ :al:es!
-?! What are non>slam (he(/ :al:es?
*ns C Swin0 (he(/ :al:e7 (on:entional (he(/ :al:e7 wa'er (he(/ :al:e7
tiltin0 %is( (he(/ :al:e7 piston (he(/ :al:e7 stop (he(/ :al:e7 )all (he(/
:al:e!
-! Where stop (he(/ :al:e is $se% ?
*ns C In stem 0eneration )# m$ltiple )oilers7 where a :al:e is inserte%
)etween ea(h )oiler an% the main steam hea%er! It (an )e optionall#
(lose% a$tomati(all# or normall#!
--! Where %iaphra0m :al:es are $se% ?
*ns C Ese% 'or low press$re (orrosi:e ser:i(es as sh$t o'' :al:es!
-,! What is +arsto(/ Fal:e?
*nsC *n# :al:e ha:in0 a )o%# ma(hine% 'rom soli% metal 9)arsto(/2!
Es$all# nee%le or 0lo)e t#pe!
-4! What is +I++ Fal:e?
*nsC * small :al:e with t$rne% %own en%7 li/e a 'a$(et!
-6! What is +lee% Fal:e?
*nsC Small :al:e pro:i%e% 'or %rawin0 o'' li5$i%!
-8! What is +lowDown Fal:e?
*ns Re'ers to a pl$0 t#pe %is( 0lo)e :al:e $se% 'or remo:in0 sl$%0e an%
se%imentar# matter 'rom the )ottom o' )oiler %r$ms7 :essels7 %riple0s
et(!
-;! What is +reather Fal:e?
*nsC * spe(ial sel' a(tin0 :al:e installe% on stora0e tan/s et(! to release
:apor or 0as on sli0ht in(rease o' internal press$re 9 in the re0ion o' H to
, o$n(es per s5$are in(h2!
-<! What is Drip Fal:e?
*nsC * %rain :al:e 'itte% to the )ottom o' a %riplet to permit )low%own!
-=! What is Flap Fal:e?
*nsC * non ret$rn :al:e ha:in0 a hin0e% %is( or r$))er or leather 'lap
$se% 'or low press$re lines!
,?! What is 3ose Fal:e?
*nsC * 0ate or 0lo)e :al:e ha:in0 one o' its en%s externall# threa%e% to
one o' the hose threa% stan%ar%s in $se in the ES*! These :al:es are
$se% 'or :ehi($lar an% 'irewater (onne(tions!
,! What is Paper>Sto(/ Fal:e?
*nsC * sin0le %is( sin0le seat 0ate :al:e 9Sli%e 0ate2 with /ni'e e%0e% or
not(he% %is( $se% to re0$late 'low o' paper sl$rr# or other 'i)ro$s sl$rr#!
,-! What is Root Fal:e?
*nsC * :al:e $se% to isolate a press$re element or instr$ment 'rom a line
or :essel7 or a :al:e pla(e% at the )e0innin0 o' a )ran(h 'orm the
hea%er!
,,! What is Sl$rr# :al:e?
*nsC * /ni'e e%0e :al:e $se% to (ontrol 'low o' non>a)rasi:e sl$rries!
,4! What is Spiral so(/ :al:e?
*nsC * :al:e $se% to (ontrol 'low o' pow%ers )# means o' a twista)le
'a)ri( t$)e or so(/!
,6! What is Throttlin0 :al:e?
*nsC *n# :al:e $se% to (losel# re0$late 'low in the &$st>open position!
,8! What is Fa($$m )rea/er?
*nsC * spe(ial sel'>a(tin0 :al:e or na# :al:e s$ita)le 'or :a($$m ser:i(e7
operate% man$all# or a$tomati(all#7 installe% to a%mit 0as 9$s$all#
atmospheri( air2 into a :a($$m or low>press$re spa(e! S$(h :al:es are
installe% on hi0h points o' pipin0 or :essels to permit %rainin0 an%
sometimes to pre:ent siphonin0!
,;! What is G$i(/ a(tin0 :al:e ?
*nsC *n# onIo'' :al:e rapi%l# opera)le7 either )# man$al le:er7 sprin0 or
)# piston7 solenoi% or le:er with heat>'$si)le lin/ releasin0 a wei0ht whi(h
in 'allin0 operates the :al:e! G$i(/ a(tin0 :al:es are %esira)le in lines
(on:e#in0 'lamma)le li5$i%s! Ens$ita)le 'or water or 'or li5$i% ser:i(e in
0eneral witho$t a ($shionin0 %e:i(e to prote(t pipin0 'rom sho(/!
,<! What is %i:ertin0 :al:e ?
*ns C This :al:e swit(h 'low 'rom one main line to two %i''erent o$tlets!
WJE t#pe an% pne$mati( (ontrol t#pe with no mo:in0 part!
,=! What is samplin0 :al:e?
*ns C Es$all# o' nee%le or 0lo)e pattern7 pla(e% in )ran(h line 'or the
p$rpose o' %rawin0 all samples o' pro(ess material thr$ the )ran(h!
4?! What are )low o'' :al:e?
*ns C It is a :ariet# o' 0lo)e :al:e (on'irmin0 with )oiler (o%e
re5$irements an% spe(iall# %esi0ne% 'or )oiler )lowo'' ser:i(e! WJE
pattern an% an0le t#pe7 $se% to remo:e air an% other 0ases 'rom )oilers
et(!
4! What is relie' :al:e?
*ns C Fal:e to relie:e ex(ess press$re in li5$i%s in sit$ations where '$ll
'low %is(har0e is not re5$ire%7 when release o' small :ol$me o' li5$i%
wo$l% rapi%l# lower press$re!
4-! What is sa'et# :al:e?
*ns C Rapi% openin09poppin0 a(tion2 '$ll 'low :al:e 'or air an% other
0ases!
4,! What is 'oot :al:e?
*ns C Fal:e $se% to maintain a hea% o' water on the s$(tion si%e o' s$mp
p$mp7 )asi(all# a li't (he(/ :al:e with inte0rate% strainer!
44! What is 'loat :al:e?
*ns C Ese% to (ontrol li5$i% le:el in tan/s7 operate% )# 'loat7 whi(h rises
with li5$i% le:el an% opens the :al:e to (ontrol water le:el! It (an also
remo:e air 'rom s#stem7 in whi(h (ase7 air 'lows o$t o' s#stem in :al:e
open (on%ition7 )$t when water rea(hes :al:e7 'loat insi%e :al:e raises to
(lose the :al:e an% stop 'low o' water! Ese% in %rip le0s!
46! What are 'l$sh )ottom :al:es?
*ns C Spe(ial t#pe o' :al:es $se% to %rain o$t the pipin07 rea(tors an%
:essels7 atta(he% on pa% t#pe no11les!
48! What are t#pes o' 'l$sh )ottom :al:es?
*ns C Fal:es with %is(s openin0 into the tan/ an% :al:es with %is/s into
the :al:e!
4;! What are the $ses o' three>wa# :al:e?
*ns C *lternate (onne(tion o' the two s$ppl# lines to a (ommon %eli:er#
:ise :ersa7 isolatin0 one sa'et# :al:e7 %i:ision o' 'low with isolation
'a(ilit#!
4<! What are $ses o' 'o$r wa# :al:e?
*ns C Re:ersal o' p$mp s$(tion an% %eli:er#7 +# pass o' strainer or
meter7 re:ersal o' 'low thro$0h 'ilter7 heat ex(han0er or %r#er!
4=! What is metal seate% l$)ri(ate% pl$0 :al:e?
*ns C * pl$0 :al:e with no plasti( material7 where 0rease is applie% to
(onta(tin0 s$r'a(es 'or eas# operation!
6?! What are three patterns o' pl$0 :al:e %esi0n?
*ns C Re0$lar pattern7 short pattern an% :ent$r# pattern!
6! What is re0$lar pattern pl$0 :al:e?
*ns C Re(tan0$lar port7 area almost e5$al to pipe )ore7 smooth transition
'rom ro$n% )o%# to re(tan0$lar port7 'or minim$m press$re loss!
6-! What are short pattern pl$0 :al:e?
*ns C Fal:es with 'a(e to 'a(e %imension o' 0ate :al:e7 as a alternati:e to
0ate :al:e!
6,! What are :ent$r# pattern pl$0 :al:e?
*ns C "han0e o' se(tion thro$0h the )o%# throat so 0ra%e% to ha:e
:ent$r# e''e(t7 minim$m press$re loss!
64! What are in:erte% pl$0 %esi0n :al:e?
*ns C Pl$0 :al:e with taper portion $p o' pl$0! For <A an% hi0her si1e!
66! What is press$re )alan(e% pl$0 :al:e?
*ns C With holes in port top an% )ottom (onne(tin0 two (ham)ers on top
an% )ottom o' pl$07 to re%$(e t$rnin0 e''ort!
68! What are Te'lon slee:e% pl$0 :al:e?
*ns C PTFE slee:e )etween pl$0 an% )o%# o' :al:e7 low t$rnin0 e''ort7
minim$m 'ri(tion7 temperat$re limitation7 anti stati( %esi0n possi)le!
6;! What are permasil pl$0 :al:e?
*ns C Pl$0 :al:es with Te'lon seat instea% o' slee:es7 'or on o''
appli(ations7 (an han%le (lean :is(o$s an% (orrosi:e li5i$i%s7 Graphite seat
'or hi0h temperat$re appli(ations! Drip ti0ht sh$t o'' not possi)le!
6<! What are e((entri( pl$0 :al:e?
*ns C O'' (enter pl$07 (orrosi:e an% a)rasi:e ser:i(e7 on o'' a(tion7
mo:es into an% awa# 'rom seat eliminatin0 a)rasi:e wear!
6=! What is %imensional stan%ar% 'or pl$0 :al:e?
*ns C *PI 6==!
8?! What is pin(h :al:e?
*ns C Similar to %iaphra0m :al:e7 with slee:es o' r$))er or PTFE7 whi(h
0et s5ee1e% to (ontrol or stop the 'low7 "ast iron )o%#7 'or :er# low
ser:i(e press$res li/e isolation o' hose (onne(tions7 man$'a(t$re
stan%ar%!
8! What is nee%le :al:e?
*ns CF$ll p#rami% %is(7 same %esi0n as 0lo)e :al:e7 smaller si1es7 sw or
threa%e%7 'low (ontrol7 %is( (an )e inte0ral with stem7 insi%e s(rew7
)or0e% or )arsto(/ )o%# an% )onnet7 man$'a(t$rers stan%ar%!
8-! 3ow to install a 0lo)e :al:e ?
*ns C Glo)e :al:e sho$l% )e installe% s$(h that the 'low is 'rom the
$n%ersi%e o' the %is/7 Es$all# 'low %ire(tion is mar/e% on the 0lo)e :al:e!
8,! What are 0lo)e :al:e port t#pes?
*ns C F$ll portC Dore than <6K o' )ore si1e7 Re%$(er portC One si1e less
than the (onne(te% pipe!
84! What are 0lo)e :al:e %is/ t#pes?
*ns CFlat 'a(e% t#pe 'or positi:e sh$to''7 loose pl$0 t#pe 'or pl$0 renewal
or nee%le t#pe 'or 'iner (ontrol!
86! What are (hara(teristi(s o' 0lo)e :al:e stem?
*ns C *lwa#s risin0 %esi0n7 with %is/ n$t at the lower en% an% han%wheel
at $pper en%!
88! What are t#pes o' 0lo)e :al:e?
*ns C *n0le 0lo)e :al:e7 pl$0 t#pe %is( 0lo)e :al:e7 w#e>)o%# 0lo)e
:al:e7 (omposite %is( 0lo)e :al:e7 %o$)le %is( 0lo)e :al:e!
8;! What is an0le 0lo)e :al:e?
*ns C En%s at =? %e0ree to sa:e el)ow7 hi0her press$re %rop!
8<! Where pl$0 t#pe %is( 0lo)e :al:e is $se%?
*ns C For se:ere re0$latin0 ser:i(e with 0ritt# li5$i%s s$(h as )oiler
'ee%water an% 'or )low o'' ser:i(e!
8=! Where WJE )o%# 0lo)e :al:e is $se% ?
*ns C In line ports with stem emer0in0 at 46 %e0ree7 'or erosi:e 'l$i%s
%$e to smoother 'low pattern!
;?! What is %o$)le %is( 0lo)e :al:e ?
*ns C 3as two %is(s )earin0 on separate seats spa(e% apart7 on a sin0le
sha't7 'or low tor5$e7 $se% 'or (ontrol :al:es!
;! What are port t#pes 'or 0ate :al:es?
*ns C F$ll port an% re%$(e% port! De'a$lt is re%$(e% )ore! F$ll port has to
)e spe(i'ie% in )om!
;-! 3ow to (lose a 0ate :al:e ?
*ns CT$rn the han%wheel in (lo(/wise %ire(tion!
;,! What is lantern rin0?
*ns C Its a (olle(tion point to %rain o'' an# ha1ar%o$s seepa0es or as a
point where l$)ri(ant (an )e in&e(te%7 it is in the mi%%le o' pa(/in0 rin0s!
;4! What are t#pes o' 0ate :al:es?
*ns C Soli% plane we%0e7 soli% 'lexi)le we%0e7 split we%0e7 %o$)le %is(
paralles seats7 %o$)le %is( we%0e7 sin0le %is( sin0le seat 0ate or sli%e7
sin0le %is( parallel seats7 pl$0 0ate :al:e!
;6! What are the t#pes o' )onnets?
*ns C +olte% )onnet7 )ellow seale% )onnet7 s(rewe% on )onnet7 $nion
)onnets7 * E>)olt an% (lamp t#pe )onnet7 )ree(hlo(/ )onnet7 press$re
seal )onnet!
Pipin0 G*
! What is the pipe si1e ran0e7 per Fl$or Daniel stan%ar%7 'or pipe spools that are to )e
shop 'a)ri(ate%?
3 diameter and larger <2.1/2 and larger>
-! What is the pipe si1e ran0e7 per Fl$or Daniel stan%ar%7 'or pipe spools that are to )e
'iel% 'a)ri(ate%?
2 diameter and smaller
,! De'ine what pipin0 is (onsi%ere% 'iel% assem)l#!
Off-the-shelf components that make-up a piping assembly and do not reuire
cutting and / or !elding
<"f no field fabrication is reuired>
4! De'ine what pipin0 is (onsi%ere% ra(/ loa%e%7 per Fl$or Daniel stan%ar%7 an% what
pipe si1e ran0es is in:ol:e%!
#iping in the #"#$%&'( that crosses t!o or more supports.
3 and larger.
6! *ll shop 'a)ri(ate% pipin0 spools 9mar/ pie(es2 are shippe% 'rom the 'a)ri(ation shop
in a 0eometr# that is %e'ine% )# len0th7 wi%th7 an% hei0ht! *ss$min0 it to )e a )ox7 there
are two sit$ations that #o$ m$st a:oi% in re0ar% to the )ox an% the mar/ pie(es within!
Des(ri)e these two sit$ations an% %es(ri)e the $n%esira)le res$lt i' #o$ %o not a:oi%
them!
#iece mark must fit !ithin the shipping bo) other!ise it may not be transported.
*ke!ed placement of the piece mark !ithin the shipping bo) could result in
cro!ding out other piece marks.
<#ress fit should be a+oided to ensure piece mark fits shipping bo)>
8! De'ine a 'iel% wel% 9FW2 an% when it is $se%!
,ield -eld is made some!here other than the fabrication shop. .sed to connect
t!o mark pieces /or components0 together.
Des(ri)e three thin0s #o$ m$st (onsi%er when lo(atin0 a 'iel% wel% an% wh# the# m$st
)e (onsi%ere%!
&ccessibility1
2he !eld must be in a place that is accessible to the !elder
'onstructability1
2he !eld must be placed so the constructors can position the piece mark prior to
!elding.
*i3e of spool piece to ensure it fits shipping bo) and can be transported.
$conomics1
4ade in a location that !ould lessen or eliminate the need for additional
scaffolding.
Pipin0 G*
*elf-supporting so temporary supports are not reuired during construction.
4ade on the smaller side of a reducer.
#referably made in the hori3ontal
<! Des(ri)e a 'iel% 'it>$p wel% 9FFW2 an% when it is $se%!
,ield ,it -eld is a !eld made some!here other than the fabrication shop.
2he fabrication shop adds additional length of material to the spool piece. 2his
additional length gi+es the field +ariance for ad5ustment !hen the location of the
connecting point is not kno!n.
<4ay reuire field alteration>
=! Per Fl$or Daniel stan%ar%7 what is the (onstr$(tion 9'ittin0 t#pe2 o'C
Pipe si1e ran0e - HA an% lar0er? 6utt-!eld
Pipe si1e ran0e -A an% smaller? *ocket -elded
Pipe si1e ran0e -A an% smaller? *cre!ed or 2hreaded
?! What is the minim$m 9not a)sol$te minim$m2 %istan(e )etween wel%s that Fl$or
Daniel li/es to $se?
3 inches
! What is the a)sol$te minim$m %istan(e )etween wel%s 9$se% onl# as a last (hoi(e2?
#ipe *i3e /7#*0 4in. distance b/! !elds
1/8 3/19
1 /: 1/:
3/8; </19
1/2; =/19
3/:; 1/2
1; 11/19
1 1/:; 13/19
1 1/2; 1</19
2; 1 3/19
2 1/2; 1 >/19
3; 1 3/:
3 1/2; 2
:; 2 1/:
<; 2 3/:
?alf the outside diameter of pipe /9 and larger0
-! What %o the letters 3*L mean?
?eat &ffected @one
Kavimagi Pa0e , o' , ,! What is the e''e(t o' the 3*L?
-eakens the material /pipe !all0
Pipin0 G*
4! 3ow 'ar 'rom the wel%7 is the 3*L?
A or 1
6! Wh# %o pipin0 %esi0ners (are a)o$t the 3*L?
"f t!o ?&@Bs o+erlap each other it may result in failure of the pipe
8! When is the 3*L (onsi%ere% in threa%e% (onstr$(tion?
-hen threaded connection is seal !elded
;! What are the press$re ratin0s o' 'or0e% steel So(/et Wel% Fittin0s?
3CCCD
9CCCD
<! What are the press$re ratin0s o' 'or0e% steel threa%e% 'ittin0s?
2CCCD
3CCCD
9CCCD
=! What are the press$re ratin0s o' mallea)le iron threa%e% Fittin0s?
1<CD
3CCD
-?! What are the press$re ratin0s o' (ast iron threa%e% 'ittin0s?
12<D
2<CD
List the wall thi(/ness 'or pipe7 startin0 with the thinnest wall to the hea:iest wallC
'arbon *teel E &lloy steel /13 schedules0
*ch 1CF
*ch 2CF
*ch 3CF
*ch :CF
*td -tF
*ch 9CF
*ch 8CF
G*F
*ch 1CCF
*ch 12CF
*ch 1:CF
*ch 19CF
GG*
*tainless *teel /: schedules0
*ch <*F
*ch 1C*F
*ch :C*F
*ch 8C*
Pipin0 G*
--! What is the te(hni(al term $se% 'or the sa0 in pipe (a$se% )# 0ra:it# an% how %oes
a''e(t pipin0 %esi0n?
Heflection
"t go+ern the amount of pipe span
<causes leakage at flanges>
<causes stress on pipe>
-,! I' one 4A (ar)on steel pipe is s(he%$le 4? an% another 4A (ar)on steel pipe is
s(he%$le <?M!
Whi(h has the 0reater sa0 an% wh#?
:; sch :C has the greater sag because its !all thickness is less than the !all
thickness of the sch 8C - the thinner the !allF the shorter the length the line !ill
span.
Whi(h wei0hs more an% wh#?
:; sch 8C because itIs !all thickness is more than that of the sch :CF more
materialJ more !eight
Whi(h re5$ires 'ewer s$pport point an% wh#?
:; sch 8C because itIs thicker !all allo!s it to span fartherF reducing the number
of times support is needed.
<more rigid / stiffer>
-4! Pipewa#IPipera(/ loa%in0Ist$''in0 %rawin0s!
Whi(h lines 5$ali'# 'or loa%in0Ist$''in0
Kines 3; and larger that cross t!o or more pipe supports.
Wh# is loa%in0Ist$''in0 %one 9the a%:anta0es2?
"t pro+ides an early start for construction.
"t reduces the amount of ground area taken by storage of pipe
-6! Line si1e (han0es
When is swa0e $se% 'or a line si1e (han0e?
-hen reducing from or to socket !elded or threaded construction on at least one
end.
When is a )$tt>wel% re%$(er $se% 'or a line si1e (han0e?
-hen reducing from or to butt !elded construction on both ends.
WhenIwhere %o #o$ $se e((entri(7 )ottom 'lat swa0es or re%$(ers an% wh#?
"n any hori3ontal run of pipeF that has t!o or more supports !ithin that run.
2o maintain a common bottom of pipe ele+ation for the t!o line si3es.
WhenIwhere %o #o$ $se e((entri(7 top 'lat swa0es or re%$(ers an% wh#?
.sed at the final reduction on a pump end suction line.
Pipin0 G*
2o pre+ent ca+itation of the pump.
WhenIwhere %o #o$ $se e((entri(7 si%e 'lat swa0es or re%$(ers an% wh#?
.sed !hen t!o euipment connections are so close that the t!o connectingF
ad5acent lines interfere !ith each other after the line si3e change.
"f they are side flat to!ard each otherF the lines may clear.
<.sed on +ertical pipe to maintain common back of pipe>
When %o #o$ $se )$tt>wel% re%$(in0 =? %e0ree el)ows an% wh#?
7ormally it is not ,K.O% piping practice to use reducing butt-!eld >C degree
reducing elbo!s.
"f they are usedF it !ill be !here a si3e change is reuired and there is insufficient
space a+ailable for an elbo! and a reducer or an elbo! and a reducing flange - or
if the client reuires it.
Wh# wo$l% a short ra%i$s )$tt>wel% =?>%e0ree ell )e $se%?
2o adhere to ,K.O% piping practice CCC 2<C 29<C !here it states 1C; and larger
elbo!s at a no33le of a +ertical +essel are short radius /decreases the ;l;
dimension so a standard +essel pipe support can be used0.
<*pace limitations>
Wh# wo$l% a short ra%i$s )$tt>wel% =?>%e0ree ell not )e $se%?
"t is easy to ;lose; a short radius elbo! if shipped to the 5obsite
or fabrication shop !ith long radius elbo!s of the same si3e.
&dditional tracking effort may result to keep the short radius elbo! from being
;lost; or used inad+ertently !here it !as not intended to be used.
Often the use of a short radius elbo! reuires client appro+alF or process re+ie!F
or stress appro+al - all taking time that !ould not be taken for a long radius
elbo!.
<!hen pressure drop is a concern L short radius elbo! has more pressure drop.
-8! What is a trimme% ell an% when is it $se%?
& trimmed elbo! is a butt !eld >C degree long radius elbo! that is cut and
be+eled to match the original be+elF the resulting change of direction is no longer
>C degrees but is a non-standard angle suited for the piping geometry reuiring
it.
2rimmed elbo!s are used !hen a line routing must ha+e a change of direction
that is not satisfied by a >C or :<-degree elbo! or by elbo!s being rolled or
offset.
Des(ri)e a st$)>on (onne(tion an% when it is $se%?
& stub-on connection is a branch connection made to a header !ithout the use of
fittings - the connection is made from pipe. the branch pipe is contoured /fish-
mouthed0 to match the cur+ature of the header to !hich it !ill be connected /a
fillet !eld0. & hole is made in the header that should match the inside diameter of
the branch pipe. 2he stub-on connection is not the same construction as a
Pipin0 G*
stub-in connection - but the resulting geometry is the same as a stub-on. *tub-on
connections are generally >C degreeF but can be other angles.
6ranch table
-<! Des(ri)e a st$)>in (onne(tion an% when it is $se%?
,luor piping does not use the stub-in construction. & stub-in connection is the
same as a stub-on connection as far as the resulting geometry and material goesF
but the construction is different. 2he branch pipe may or may not be contoured to
match the inside diameter of the header - if it is notF then it is a straight cut. 2he
header !ill ha+e a hole cut in it that nearly matches the outside diameter of the
branch pipe. 2he branch pipe is inserted into the hole in the header and is
connected +ia a fillet !eld. Kike the stub-onF the stub-in is generally >C degree
and other angles are possible.
'lient reuest
-=! Des(ri)e a rein'or(in0 pa% an% when it is $se%?
%einforcing pads are made from the same si3eF !all thickness and material as the
pipe header to !hich they are !elded.
%einforcing pads are used at stub-on and stub-in branch connections and
occasionally at support trunnions !hen specified by the stress sketchF if reuired
per the line list or if reuired per the branch chart in the piping material
specification.
,?! What %o($ment 9name an% 6>%i0et n$m)er2 %oes a pipin0 %esi0ner re'er to
%etermine what )ran(h (onne(tion to $se?
#iping material specification
,! What are the two %o($ments 9not spe(i'i(ations2 that will tell a pipin0 %esi0ner when
)ran(h rein'or(ement is re5$ire%?
*tress sketch
Kine list
<6ranch chart>
,-! What is the pipe si1e ran0e in whi(h all 'lan0es are stan%ar%?
2: inch and smaller
,,! What is the pipe si1e ran0e in whi(h all 'lan0es are not?
29 inch and larger
List the in'ormation to )e pla(e% on the isometri( that will '$ll# %es(ri)e a non>stan%ar%
'lan0e an% what is the reason we wo$l% in(l$%e this in'ormation?
Reason 'or in(l$%in0 the in'ormation!
2o guaranteeF !ithout failureF the flanges are compatible.
In'ormation to )e pla(e% on ISO!
Pipin0 G*
&7*" number or other industry number /&#"F 4**0
*i3e
%ating
,acing
Outside diameter of flange
6olt circle diameter
6olt hole diameter
7umber of bolt holes
,lange bore
4aterial
6olt hole orientation
,lange thickness
,6! What 'a(in0 is re5$ire% on a steel 'lan0e that will )e )olte% to a (ast iron 'lan0e an%
wh#?
,lat ,ace
2here is a risk of breaking the cast iron flange if it is bolted to a raised face steel
flange.
,8! What are two press$re ratin0s o' (ast iron 'lan0es an% what are the ratin0s o'
(ompati)le steel 'lan0es?
12<D 'ast iron to 1<CD steelF
2<CD cast iron to 3CCD steel.
,;! 3ow is (ast iron 'lan0e atta(he% to steel pipe?
2he flange is threaded on.
,<! What are two reasons 'or $sin0 lap &oint (onstr$(tion?
2o reduce the cost of components - a less e)pensi+e carbon steel flange may be
used in lieu of a stainless steel flange.
,lange can be rotated to aid in bolthole alignment.
,=! What 'ittin0 9not 'lan0e2 m$st )e $se% in lap &oint (onstr$(tion an% what are the
names o' two the t#pes o' these 'ittin0s?
*tub end <Kap 5oint stub end>
&7*" E 4**
4?! What is the %i''eren(e )etween a :an stone 'lan0e an% a slip on 'lan0e?
2he shape of the contact point !here the face of flange contacts the lip of the
stub end is rounded on the +an stone flange and is suare on the slip on flange.
4! In lap &oint (onstr$(tion7 how man# wel%s are on a slip 'lan0e?
@ero.
In lap &oint (onstr$(tion7 how man# wel%s are on a :an stone 'lan0e?
@ero.
Pipin0 G*
4,! List the t#pes o' steel 'lan0es!
-eld neck
*lip on
2hreaded
*ocket !elded
Man stone
%educing
$)panding
6lind
<Kap 5oint>
<Orifice>
<*lip on reducing>
44! List the 'a(es o' steel 'lan0es!
%aised face
,lat face
%ing 5oint
2ongue and groo+e
4ale E ,emale
46! List the ratin0s o' steel 'lan0es!
1<CD
3CCD
:CCD
9CCD
>CCD
1<CCD
2<CCD
48! 3ow are 'lan0e )oltholes oriente% on 'lan0es on :erti(al line?
6oltholes straddle the north-south-east-!est flange centerlines
4;! 3ow are 'lan0e )oltholes oriente% on 'lan0es on hori1ontal line?
6oltholes straddle the +ertical and hori3ontal flange centerlines
Fal:es are $se% 'or three )asi( 'low '$n(tions 9not (ontrol :al:es or press$re sa'et#
:al:es2! List three '$n(tions an% the t#pe o' :al:e $se% 'or ea(h '$n(tion!
,unction
6KO'( 2?%O22K$ '?$'(
<*tart / stop> <pre+ent back flo!>
2ype
N&2$/6&KK/#K.N/6.22$%,KO <needle> L 6KO'(
NKO6$ <plug or butterfly or needle> L 2?%O22K$
'?$'( L '?$'(
Pipin0 G*
4=! What are the two st#les o' )$tter'l# :al:es in 'lan0e% pipin0 an% their asso(iate%
t#pe o' )olt?
&. -&,$% - *2.H 6OK2/4&'?"7$ 6OK2
6. K.N 2O#$ - '&# *'%$-
6?! What are the two main st#les o' (he(/ :al:es in 'lan0e% pipin0 an% their asso(iate%
t#pe o' )olt?
&. *-"7N - *2.H 6OK2/4&'?"7$ 6OK2
6. -&,$%/*#K"2 H"*' - *2.H 6OK2/4&'?"7$ 6OK2
6! Not $sin0 a la%%er or plat'orm7 how is a :al:e operate% that isC
Too hi0h > '?&"7 O#$%&2O%
Too low > $G2$7*"O7 *2$4
6-! What is the minim$m (learan(e )etween the o$tsi%e %iameter o' a :al:e han% wheel
an% the next o)str$(tion?
2hree inches
6,! I' a :al:e han% wheel pro&e(ts into an aisle wa#7 to what ele:ation m$st the )ottom
o' the han% wheel )e raise% a)o:e 3PFS 93i0h Point Finishe% S$r'a(e2 or plat'orm?
9I-9; plus or minus 3; /9I-3; to 9I->;0
64! What man$all# operate% item is a%%e% to a :al:e that is either to lar0e or is to hi0h a
press$re to operate an% how %o #o$ /now it will )e re5$ire% 90i:e the name o' the
spe(i'i(ation2?
> & N$&% O#$%&2O%
> 4&2$%"&K *#$'","'&2"O7
66! I' a press$re sa'et# :al:e has a )lo(/ :ale $pstream o' it7 what note m$st appear on
the P.ID relatin0 to this )lo(/ :al:e an% wh#?
N '*O /car sealed open0 or KO /locked open0.
N 2o help ensure that the +al+e is open during normal plant operation so that if a
condition resulting in o+erpressuri3ation occursF the +al+e is open and the relief
+al+e can function properly.
68! I' a press$re sa'et# :al:e %ownstream o' it7 what note m$st appear on the P.ID
relatin0 to this )lo(/ :al:e an% wh#?
N '*O /car sealed open0 or KO /locked open0
N 2o help ensure that the +al+e is open during normal plant operation so that if a
condition resulting in o+erpressuri3ation occursF the +al+e is open and the relief
+al+e can function properly.
6;! The pipin0 %ownstream o' a press$re sa'et# :al:e that %is(har0es to a (lose%
s#stem m$st )e ro$te% in a spe(i'i( %ire(tion7 what is this %ire(tion an% wh#?
N %outed in such a manner as to free drain into the collection header.
*o no liuid can collect and possibly obstruct the free release of pressure.
Pipin0 G*
6<! I' a press$re sa'et# :al:e has a %ownstream )lo(/ :al:e7 ex(l$%in0 a((essi)ilit#7
how is the :ale han% wheel to )e oriente% an% wh#?
N 2he hand!heel is to be located !ithin the lo!er 18C degrees - hori3ontal to
hori3ontal. <hori3ontal or do!n!ard>
N 2his is to pre+ent the disc falling into the port if the stem corrodes - thereby
closing the +al+e and pre+enting the free release of pressure.
6=! I' a press$re sa'et# :al:e has a r$pt$re %is( $pstream7 what is the p$rpose o' the
r$pt$re %is(?
2he rupture disc isolates the relief +al+e from the potentially corrosi+e
atmosphere of the system to be protected - protecting the stem from corrosion.
8?! When a press$re sa'et# :al:e %is(har0es :erti(all# to atmosphere7 what m$st )e
a%%e% to the lowest part o' the tail pipe7 what si1e is it an% wh# is it a%%e%?
N & !eep hole.
N 1/:; diameter
N 2o drain the collection of rain !ater in the open tailpipe that if allo!ed to collect
could obstruct the free release of pressure
8! What is the en% preparation 'or the en% tailpipe o' a press$re sa'et# :al:e
%is(har0in0 :erti(all# to atmosphere an% wh#?
N *uare cut/plain end
N 2here is no need to be+el or :<-degree chamfer because it is unnecessary cost.
8-! What is the 'orm$la 'or (al($latin0 the 'ree stan%in0 9$n0$i%e%2 len0th o' a tailpipe
o' a press$re sa'et# :al:e %is(har0in0 :erti(all# to atmosphere?
1.9= ) outside diameter /in inches0 of the 2ail #ipe J the height in feet.
8,! I' a press$re sa'et# :al:e has a small7 :al:e% an% pl$00e% (onne(tion in the area
)etween the )lo(/ :al:e an% the press$re sa'et# :al:e7 %es(ri)e the p$rpose an%
operation o' this :al:e!
,or bleeding pressure and +enting any trapped commodity soF the relief +al+e can
be safely remo+ed for maintenance.
84! Per Fl$or Daniel Stan%ar%7 what is the r$le 'or esta)lishin0 the hei0ht o' a tailpipe o'
a press$re sa'et# :al:e that %is(har0es to atmosphere?
2he top of a tailpipe discharging to atmosphere must be a minimum of 8I-C;
abo+e any platform !ithin a 2<I-C; radius of the tailpipe.
86! The sprin0 on a press$re sa'et# :al:e m$st )e oriente% in whi(h %ire(tion an% wh#?
N Mertically up!ard.
2o keep the spring out of any liuid that could corrode the spring.
Pipin0 G*
88! "oolin0 water pipin0 at the (hannel si%e o' a shell an% t$)e heat ex(han0er that is
lo(ate% o$tsi%e in the s$nli0ht will t#pi(all# ha:e a 2?$%4&K %$K"$, M&KM$ lo(ate%
)etween the ex(han0er no11le an% the )lo(/ :al:e! Wh# is this %one?
2o protect the tubes of the e)changer from splitting due to o+erpressuri3ation of
the system !hen the +al+es upstream and do!nstream of the e)changer are
closed. *unlight can cause a temperature rise of the trapped liuidF causing a rise
in pressure.
8;! What is the most (ommon )o%# st#le 'or (ontrol :al:es?
Nlobe
8<! In a (ontrol :al:e mani'ol% with )lo(/ :al:es $pstream an% %ownstream o' the
(ontrol :al:e7 what is pla(e% )etween the $pstream )lo(/ :al:e an% the (ontrol :al:e
an% what is its p$rpose?
N 3/:; +al+ed E plugged bleed +al+e.
N 2o drain and depressuri3e the +olume of trapped liuid for the safe remo+al of
the control +al+e for maintenance.
8=! I' a (ontrol :al:e mani'ol% has a )#pass line what is the %istan(e )etween the
)#pass :al:e an% the main line an% wh#?
N 4inimum distance.
N 2o pre+ent a dead leg in the bypass line.
;?! What is the minim$m (learan(e )etween the top o' the %iaphra0m on a (ontrol :al:e
an% the nearest o)str$(tion a)o:e it?
1B-C /12 inches0
;! In a (ontrol :al:e mani'ol% with $pstream an% %own stream )lo(/ :al:es
*! What is the )rea/o$t spool pie(e 'or?
$asy remo+al of the control +al+e.
+! What is the pre'erre% (on'i0$ration o' the )rea/o$t spool pie(e an% wh#?
N #referred configuration is !ith an elbo!.
N "t is easier to remo+e than a straight spool piece that reuires a flange spreader.
2he ;l; shape allo!s gra+ity to aid in its remo+al.
;-! Who %etermines the si1e o' the (ontrol :al:e?
#rocess
;,! Who %etermines the si1e o' the )#pass :al:e?
#rocess
Who %etermines the $pstream an% %ownstream )lo(/ :al:es?
#rocess
Pipin0 G*
;6! I' #o$ are esta)lishin0 the o:erall len0th o' a (ontrol :al:e main 'ol% 'or allo(ation o'
spa(e an% #o$ %o not ha:e a :en%or %rawin0 0i:in0 the 'a(e to 'a(e %imension o' the
(ontrol :al:e7 what :al:e will #o$ $se as a s$)stit$te 'a(e to 'a(e %imension 9ass$me
the (ontrol :al:e is 8A>,??,RF2?
N & 9;-3CCD NKO6$ M&KM$ O% #"#"7N #%&'2"'$ CCC 2<C 2=C1
N <1= P inches>
;8! When a (ontrol :al:e an% its %ownstream )lo(/ :al:e are the same si1e an% ratin07
the# (an )e )olte% to0ether! What possi)le pro)lem (an o(($r when these two :al:es
are )olte% to0ether?
2he hand!heel of the block +al+e may interfere !ith the top!orks of the control
+al+e.
*lso 0i:e me two sol$tions that (o$l% (orre(t the pro)lem!
N "f the boltholes permit - rotate the block +al+e so the interference is gone.
N &dd t!o flanges back to backF andF if necessary add a spool piece to gi+e the
necessary clearances.
N <place +al+e in the +ertical>
;;! There are three thin0s that esta)lish the hei0ht o' a :al$e% %rain 9)ottom o' %rain top
o' 'inishe% s$r'a(e2! One thin0 that sets this hei0ht is Fl$or Daniel stan%ar% 98A27 what
are two others?
N 'learance for rodding out the drain.
N 'learance reuired for the addition of a bucket to catch the liuid.
;<! What are two in%$str# terms when a threa%e% (onne(tion is also wel%e%?
*eal !elding
6ack !elding
;=! What m$st )e $se% on a threa%e% (onne(tion i' it is to re(ei:e the wel% re'erre% to in
5$estion 8=7 an% wh# sho$l% it not )e $se%?
N 2hread compound or ;pipe dope.;
"f thread compound/pipe dope is present and the connection is to be seal !eldedF
the heat could cause a small e)plosionF in5uring the !elder.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
35. Why do we provide High Point Vent (HPV) and Low Point Drain (LPD) in piping?
Ans:

?#M L for remo+ing &ir during ?ydro-test
LPD or draining water ater !ond"!ting Hydro#test.
3$. Whi!h standard and !odes wi%% yo" reer whi%e designing the piping?
&ns1


Following are the codes and standards
Page &o $'()


AP* +td $,- : .entri"ga% P"/ps or Petro%e"/0 Heavy D"ty .he/i!a% and
1as *nd"stry +ervi!es.
A&+*'&23A +3 (3 : +tea/ 4"r5ines or 3e!hani!a% Drive +ervi!es.
AP* +td $,6 : .entri"ga% .o/pressor or Petro%e"/0 .he/i!a% and 1as
*nd"stry +ervi!e.
273A : 28pansion 7oints 3an"a!t"rer9s Asso!iation.
:*+D ,,; : Layo"t or :i% and 1as *nsta%%ations.
*<= : *ndian <oi%er =eg"%ations.
&A.2 3= -,65 : +"%>de +tress .ra!?ing =esistant 3eta%%i! 3ateria%s or :i%>e%d
2@"ip/ent.
&A.2 3= -(;) : 2va%"ation o Pipe%ine and Press"re Vesse% +tee% or
=esistan!e to Hydrogen *nd"!ed .ra!?ing.
&A.2 43 -,66 : La5oratory 4esting o 3eta%s or =esistan!e to +"%>de +tress
.ra!?ing in H(+ 2nviron/ent.
3=. -hat do you mean by "6% and -hich lines comes under "6% pur+ie!Q
&ns1


IBR: Indian Boiler Regulation Act.
+tea/ %ines with !onditions %isted 5e%%ow !o/es "nder *<= p"rview
Lines or whi!h design press"re is 3.5 ?g's@ !/ and a5ove.
Line siAe a5ove ,-B having design press"re ,.- ?g's@ !/ and a5ove.
<oi%er eed water %ines to stea/ generator0 !ondensate %ines to stea/ generator and
Cash dr"/.
38. -hat are -eldolet and *ockoletQ &nd !here they are usedQ
&ns1


Weldolet and Sockolet are basically self reinforced fittings.
We%do%et is "sed or <"tt we%d 5ran!h !onne!tion where standard tee is not
avai%a5%e d"e to siAe restri!tions and the piping is o !riti!a% ' high press"re servi!e.
+o!?o%et is "sed or so!?et we%ding 5ran!h !onne!tion0 whi!h re@"ire reinor!ing
pad.
3>. -hat is the 4O' for *uperheated high pressure *team KinesQ


&ns1

& 33< Nr # " / # ""
'omposition 1 C.< 4o/#10 /1.2< R 'r-.< 4o/#110
)-. What is the nor/a% "pstrea/ and downstrea/ straight %ength o
ori>!e Cow
/eter?
&ns!er 1 .pstream - 1<H Ho!nstream - <H
),. What are the essentia% data re@"ired or the preparation o
e@"ip/ent %ayo"t?
&ns 1 10#,H and #E"H 2. #ro5ect Hesign data 3. $uipment *i3es E 6uildings
Page No 7/24

)(. What are the vario"s stat"tory re@"ire/ents to 5e !onsidered d"ring %ayo"t?
State In%$strial De:elopment "orporation 9SID"2
"entral I State En:iromental Poll$tion "ontrol +oar%s 9P"+S2
Fa(tor# Inspe(torate
State Ele(tri(it# +oar%s
"hie' "ontroller o' Explosi:es 9""OE2
Stati( . Press$re Fessel R$les 9SDPF2
Tari'' *%:isor# "ommittee
*:iation Laws
"hie' Inspe(tor o' +oilers 9"I+2
Oil In%$str# Dire(torate 9OISD2
Foo% an% Dr$0 *%ministartion 9FD*2
Dinistr# o' En:ironment an% Forest 9DoEF2
)3. What do yo" /ean 5y .o/posite D%ange?
The 'lan0e that is ma%e $p o' more than one DO" is (alle% a "omposite 'lan0e!
a! Lap Ooint Flan0es
Insert Flan0es are a spe(ialt# in the arena o' pipe si1e 'lan0es an% (onsist o' two parts
> the insert an% the 'lan0e rin0! The 'lan0e rin0 is the o$ter part o' the insert 'lan0e
assem)l#7 (ontainin0 the )olt holes!
The two pie(e (onstr$(tion o' the insert 'lan0e also o''ers the e(onom# o' mat(hin0 the
insert material to the pro(ess pipe 9$s$all# some (orrosion resistant allo#2 while the
o$ter 'lan0e rin0 ma# )e man$'a(t$re% 'rom steel! When the en:ironment re5 $ires the
'lan0e rin0 to )e ma%e o' some allo# the rotatin0 'eat$re is still maintaine%!
)! RF 'lan0es with Raise% o' one DO" an% rest o' the 'lan0e with %i''erent DO"
(! RF )lin% 'lan0e with an o:erla# o' =?I? "$ni 'or Sea water ser:i(e!
)). What do yo" /ean 5y *ns"%ated 7oint?
Ans:

Ins$latin0 Ooints are a pre'a)ri(ate%7 non
non
separable union used to isolate specifc sections of
Pipelines to prevent corrosion caused by stray
electrical currents or interference from other
pipelines and power transmission cables.

)5. What are *ns"%ating 1as?et Eits?
Ans:

"nsulation gasket kits are designed to combat the effects of corrosion often found
Page No 8/24

in anged pipe systems. !alvanic corrosion between dissimilar metal anges "ow of
currents# $ ange insulation associated with cathodic protection of underground piping
are also the places where %nsulating gas&et &its are used. %t consists of
!as&et
Neoprene faced Phenolic /!lass 'einforced
(po)y"!*+#
%nsulation sleeve
'einforced Phenolic/Nylon/Polyethylene/"!*+#
%nsulation washer
'einforced Phenolic/Nylon/Polyethylene/"!*+#
Plated ,asher
(lectro plated steel washer
)$. What do yo" /ean 5y 7a!?eted Piping?
Ans:
)6. What is the /in. distan!e to 5e /aintained 5etween two we%ds
in a pipe
The r$le o' th$m) is that the minim$m %istan(e )etween a%&a(ent )$tt wel%s is D! I'
not7 it is ne:er (loser than >I-P! This is s$ppose%l# to pre:ent the o:erlap o' 3*L s!
Dinim$m spa(in0 o' (ir($m'erential wel%s )etween (entrelines shall not )e less than 4
times the pipe wall thi(/ness or -6 mm whi(he:er is 0reater!
);. What are the diFerent hardness tests !arried o"t?
Ans:
+rinell 3ar%ness Test
Ro(/well 3ar%ness test
Fi(/er 3ar%ness Test
)G. What is the re%ation 5etween <rine%% Hardness &o and =o!?we%%
Hardness
&o?
Ans:
-- 3R" 9Ro(/well 3ar%ness2 B -,< +3N 9+rinell 3ar%ness No2
3ar%er
Pipin0 whi(h is re(o0ni1e% as pro:i%in0 the most
$ni'orm appli(ation o' heat to the pro(ess7 as well
as maintainin0 the most $ni'orm pro(essin0
temperat$res where steam tra(in0 is not (apa)le o'
maintainin0 the temperat$re o' 'l$i% (onstant!
Es$all# $se% 'or molten s$lph$r7 Pol#mers ser:i(e!
1.Huring fabrication you obser+ed that one small crack has appeared on a fresh
Pa0e No =I-4

plateF !hat type of measure you !ill take to obtain desired uality !ith minimum
!astageQ
&ns!er1
First i%enti'# the exa(t len0th o' (ra(/ )# DP test! Drill on the en% point to resist '$rther
(ra(/! Remo:e the (ra(/ portion )# ($ttin0 the strip!
(. *+:324=*. :#
i! What are the 'ittin0s re5$ire% 'or 'a)ri(ation o' the isometri(!
ii! Fin% o$t the len0th o' pipe re5$ire%!
iii! Do &oint n$m)erin0 an% show the 'ollowin0 thin0s in the isometri(!
a2 Shop
&oint
)2 Fiel%
&oint
(2 Spool
no
$6)
(---
Drillin0 Point
"ra(/
& ,63;;)
EL Q?4-<?
EL Q?,6,?
EL Q?-8,?
N ;,86??
E ,<-???
-P
Fiel% Ooint




65-
Answer: