A

Synopsis
On
AUGMENTED REALITY
Made By:
Department of Compter S!ien!e " En#ineerin#
Gr Te#$Ba$adr Institte of Te!$no%o#y
Gr Go&ind Sin#$ Indraprast$a Uni'ersity
D(ar)a* Ne( De%$i
Year +,-./+,-0
Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) is a %i'e dire!t or indire!t 'ie( of a p$ysi!a%* rea%/(or%d en'ironment
($ose e%ements are augmented 1or spp%emented2 &y !ompter/#enerated sensory inpt s!$ as
sond* 'ideo* #rap$i!s or G3S data4 It is re%ated to a more #enera% !on!ept !a%%ed mediated
rea%ity* in ($i!$ a 'ie( of rea%ity is modified 1possi&%y e'en diminis$ed rat$er t$an a#mented2
&y a !ompter4 As a res%t* t$e te!$no%o#y fn!tions &y en$an!in# one5s !rrent per!eption of
rea%ity4 By !ontrast* 'irta% rea%ity rep%a!es t$e rea% (or%d (it$ a sim%ated one4 A#mentation is
!on'entiona%%y in rea%/time and in semanti! !onte6t (it$ en'ironmenta% e%ements* s!$ as sports
s!ores on T7 drin# a mat!$4 8it$ t$e $e%p of ad'an!ed AR te!$no%o#y 1e4#4 addin# !ompter
'ision and o&9e!t re!o#nition2 t$e information a&ot t$e srrondin# rea% (or%d of t$e ser
&e!omes intera!ti'e and di#ita%%y manip%a&%e4 Artifi!ia% information a&ot t$e en'ironment and
its o&9e!ts !an &e o'er%aid on t$e rea% (or%d4
Introduction
On t$e spe!trm &et(een 'irta% rea%ity* ($i!$ !reates immersi'e* !ompter/#enerated
en'ironments* and t$e rea% (or%d* a#mented rea%ity is !%oser to t$e rea% (or%d4 A#mented
rea%ity adds #rap$i!s* sonds* $apti! feed&a!) and sme%% to t$e natra% (or%d as it e6ists4 Bot$
'ideo #ames and !e%% p$ones are dri'in# t$e de'e%opment of a#mented rea%ity4 E'eryone from
torists* to so%diers* to someone %oo)in# for t$e !%osest s&(ay stop !an no( &enefit from t$e
a&i%ity to p%a!e !ompter/#enerated #rap$i!s in t$eir fie%d of 'ision4
A#mented rea%ity is !$an#in# t$e (ay (e 'ie( t$e (or%d // or at %east t$e (ay its sers see t$e
(or%d4 3i!tre yorse%f (a%)in# or dri'in# do(n t$e street4 8it$ a#mented/rea%ity disp%ays*
($i!$ (i%% e'enta%%y %oo) m!$ %i)e a norma% pair of #%asses* informati'e #rap$i!s (i%% appear
in yor fie%d of 'ie(* and adio (i%% !oin!ide (it$ ($ate'er yo see4 T$ese en$an!ements (i%%
&e refres$ed !ontina%%y to ref%e!t t$e mo'ements of yor $ead4 Simi%ar de'i!es and app%i!ations
a%ready e6ist* parti!%ar%y on smartp$ones %i)e t$e i3$one4
A )ey measre of A#mented Rea%ity systems is $o( rea%isti!a%%y t$ey inte#rate a#mentations
(it$ t$e rea% (or%d4 T$e soft(are mst deri'e rea% (or%d !oordinates* independent from t$e
!amera* from !amera ima#es4 T$at pro!ess is !a%%ed ima#e re#istration ($i!$ ses different
met$ods of !ompter 'ision* most%y re%ated to 'ideo tra!)in#4 Many !ompter 'ision met$ods of
a#mented rea%ity are in$erited from 'isa% odometry4 Usa%%y t$ose met$ods !onsist of t(o
parts4
:irst dete!t interest points* or fid!iary mar)ers* or opti!a% f%o( in t$e !amera ima#es4 :irst sta#e
!an se featre dete!tion met$ods %i)e !orner dete!tion* &%o& dete!tion* ed#e
dete!tion or t$res$o%din# and;or ot$er ima#e pro!essin# met$ods4T$e se!ond sta#e restores a rea%
(or%d !oordinate system from t$e data o&tained in t$e first sta#e4 Some met$ods assme o&9e!ts
(it$ )no(n #eometry 1or fid!iary mar)ers2 present in t$e s!ene4 In some of t$ose !ases t$e
s!ene <D str!tre s$o%d &e pre!a%!%ated &efore$and4 If part of t$e s!ene is
n)no(n sim%taneos %o!a%i=ation and mappin# 1SLAM2 !an map re%ati'e positions4 If no
information a&ot s!ene #eometry is a'ai%a&%e* str!tre from motionmet$ods %i)e &nd%e
ad9stment are sed4 Mat$emati!a% met$ods sed in t$e se!ond sta#e
in!%de pro9e!ti'e 1epipo%ar2 #eometry* #eometri! a%#e&ra* rotation
representation (it$e6ponentia% map* )a%man and parti!%e fi%ters* non%inear optimi=ation* ro&st
statisti!s4
A#mented Rea%ity Mar)p Lan#a#e 1ARML2 is a data standard de'e%oped (it$in t$e Open
Geospatia% Consortim 1OGC2* ($i!$ !onsists of an >ML #rammar to des!ri&e t$e %o!ation and
appearan!e of 'irta% o&9e!ts in t$e s!ene* as (e%% as ECMAS!ript &indin#s to a%%o( dynami!
a!!ess to properties of 'irta% o&9e!ts4
To ena&%e rapid de'e%opment of A#mented Rea%ity App%i!ation* some soft(are de'e%opment
)its 1SD?2 $a'e emer#ed4 A fe( SD? s!$ as C%odRidAR %e'era#e !%od !omptin# for
performan!e impro'ement4 Some of t$e (e%% )no(n AR SD?s are offered &y Metaio * 7foria*
8i)itde and Layar4