1.

for the truss structure given below

2. What is the difference in application between
open stirrups and closed stirrups in concrete
beams?
3.
4. Open stirrups are provided principally to resist
shear forces in concrete beams and they are
applied in locations in which the effect of torsion is insignificant. U-shaped stirrups are placed in the
tension side of concrete beams in which shear cracks would occur. However, when concrete beams
are designed to resist a substantial amount of torsion, closed stirrups should be used instead.
5. If a contractor proposes to increase concrete cover beyond contractual specification (say 40mm to
70mm), shall engineers accept the proposal? Why
Therefore, with an increase of concrete cover, the crack width will increase which is undesirable.

6. The distribution of base shear in a multistory building subjected to seismic load does not depend on
which of the following?
A. the height of the building
B. the rigidity of the diaphragms
C. the distribution of mass
D. the height of the oors

7. What is the role of transverse steel ties in reinforced concrete columns?
8. Discuss the merits and demerits of the working stress Design method and Limit state Design method.
9. What is meant by limit state? Discuss the different limit states to be considered in reinforced
concrete design.
10. Given percentages of tension steel (pt) and compression steel (pc) of a doubly reinforced section,
how is it possible to decide whether the beam is under-reinforced or over-reinforced (at the ultimate
limit state)?
11. Why does the EBCS Code impose minimum and maximum limits with regard to percentage area of
flexural reinforcement for RC structures?
12. What is a theoretical bar cut-off point? What is the reason Why the practical bar cut-off point for
flexural tension reinforcement is larger than the theoretical bar cut-off point?
13. Inclined stirrups are most effective in reducing the width of the inclined cracks, and are desirable
when full depth transverse cracks are likely (as in beams with high axial tension). However, such
reinforcement may be rendered entirely ineffective if the direction of the shear force is reversed (as
under seismic loads.
14. Reinforced concrete slabs are generally safe in shear and do not require shear reinforcement. Why?
15. Stirrups may be open or closed. When does it become mandatory to use closed stirrups?
16. Stirrups may be vertical or inclined. When does it become mandatory to use vertical stirrups?
17. A simply supported beam of 6 m span (c/c), (shown in Fig. 6.16), is to carry a uniform dead load of 20
kN/m (including beam weight) and a uniform live load of 30 kNm. The width of the supporting wall
is 230 mm. Assume C25 concrete and S 400 steel.

a) Determine the adequacy of the 10 mm U-stirrups as shear reinforcement. [Ans.: adequate]
b) If the shear reinforcement is to be provided in the form of 10 stirrups inclined at 60
o
to the
beam axis, determine the required spacing. [Ans.: 450 mm]
c) If two of the tension reinforcement bars are terminated at 300 mm from the centre of the
support, check the adequacy of shear strength at the bar cut-off point.
18. Inclined stirrups and bent-up bars are considered suitable for shear reinforcement, but not torsional
reinforcement. Why?
19. What is meant by moment redistribution and what are its implications in design?
20. What is the function of the drop panel and the column capital, in flat slab design?
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