1.

The conductive region of the neuron

where the action potential occurs is called:
Your Answer: the axon.

2.

The specific region on the axon where an
action potential is generated is called:
Your Answer: the axon hillock.

3.

What support cell forms the myelin
sheaths in the peripheral nervous system?
Your Answer: Schwann cells

4.

The gaps between Schwann cells that are
essential for the conduction of the action
potential are called:
Your Answer: nodes of Ranvier.

5.

Neurons can communicate with, or
stimulate, which of the following?
Your Answer: Neurons, muscles, and
glands

6.

Signals from other neurons are received
on what parts of the neuron?
Your Answer: Both dendrites and the
soma

7.

What type of neuron was examined in this
section?
Your Answer: Multipolar

8.

If an axon branches, these branches of
the neuron are called:
Your Answer: axon collaterals.

9.

What is the correct order of the path of
information in a neuron from input to
output?
Your Answer: Dendrites, soma, axon

10.

In myelination, what part of the Schwann
cell becomes the insulation?
Your Answer: The cell cytoplasm

Correct Answer: The cell membrane

Review page 10 of Nervous System I:
Anatomy Review.
1.
What structures in the cell membrane
function as ion channels?
Your Answer: Integral proteins

2.
Passive sodium channels in the cell
membrane will allow sodium to move:
Your Answer: into the cell.

3.
Another name for passive channels is:
Your Answer: leakage channels.

4.
What is the resting membrane potential of
a typical neuron?
Your Answer: -70 mV

5.
What ions pass into the cell when
acetylcholine binds to its chemically gated
channel?
Your Answer: Sodium

6.
Chemically gated channels are located
mainly on what parts of the neuron?
Your Answer: All parts of the
neuron
Correct Answer: Both dendrites and
soma (cell body)
Review page 8 in Nervous System I: Ion
Channels.

7.
Which channels are responsible for the
action potential?
Your Answer: Voltage-gated channels

8.
Which of the following statements about
voltage-gated sodium channels is correct?
Your Answer: They are sensitive to
changes in membrane
potential.

9.
What channel allows chloride to enter the
cell?
Your Answer: Chemically gated
acetylcholine
channels

Correct Answer: Chemically gated
GABA channels
Review page 7 in Nervous System I: Ion
Channels.

10.
The Japanese puffer fish contains a deadly
toxin (tetrodotoxin) that can lead to death
due to which of the following reasons?
Your Answer: This toxin stops
synaptic potentials.
Correct Answer: This toxin stops
action potentials.
Review Quiz 6 in Nervous System I: Ion
Channels
1.
Excitable cells are most permeable to
which of the following cations?
Your Answer: Sodium

Correct Answer: Potassium

Review page 4 of Nervous System I: The
Membrane Potential.

2.
What is the major cation inside the cell?
Your Answer: Potassium

3.
Which of the following would increase
membrane permeability to K
+
?
Your Answer: Opening of voltage-gated
K
+
channels

4.
In a cell selectively permeable only to K
+
,
what force will push K
+
out of the cell?
Your Answer: Concentration gradient

5.
As more and more K
+
ions leave a cell,
what force will tend to pull K
+
ions back
into the cell?
Your Answer: Electrical gradient

6.
When the electrical and chemical gradients
for K
+
are equal, what will happen to the
net movement of K
+
?
Your Answer: There will be no net
movement of K
+
across
the membrane.

7.
The inside of an excitable cell is negative
compared with the outside. What
gradient(s) would tend to move Na
+
into
the cell?
Your Answer: Both the concentration
and electrical gradient

8.
Because the neuron is permeable to
Na
+
as well as K
+
, the resting membrane
potential is _____ mV.
Your Answer: -70 mV

9.
At a resting membrane potential of -70
mV, K
+
tends to leak out of the cell and
Na
+
tends to leak into the cell. The
Na
+
/K
+
pump stops this leakage. How
many sodium and potassium ions are
moved, and in what direction do they
move (in or out)?
Your Answer: 3 Na
+
out, 2 K
+
in

10.
What would happen to the resting
membrane potential of a neuron if the
extracellular concentration of
K
+
decreased (from 5 to 2.5 mM/L)?
Your Answer: The membrane potential
would become more
negative.


The action potential is a
transient change in the
resting membrane
potential from -70 mV to
+30 mV, then back to -
70 mV. This change is
caused by the opening of
first _____ then _____
voltage-gated channels.
Your Answer: Na
+
then
K
+


2.
What area(s) of the neuron generate
signals that open the voltage-gated
channels in the first part of the axon, thus
causing an action potential?
Your Answer: The axon hillock

Correct Answer: Dendrites and cell
body
Review page 4 of Nervous System I: The
Action Potential.

3.
As the axon hillock depolarizes, Voltage-
gated Na
+
channels open and Na
+
moves
(into or out of) __________ the cell
causing further (depolarization or
repolarization) __________.
Your Answer: into; depolarization

4.
If depolarization reaches -55 mV, an
action potential will be generated. What is
this -55 mV trigger point called?
Your Answer: Threshold

5.
At the end of the depolarization phase,
what voltage-gated channels open to help
restore the resting membrane potential?
Your Answer: Voltage-gated
K
+
channels

6.
Repolarization is caused by the movement
of what ion (sodium or potassium), in
what direction (into or out of the cell)?
Your Answer: potassium; out of the cell

7.
After an action potential, the membrane
becomes more negative than -70 mV. This
period is called:
Your Answer: hyperpolarization.

8.
After a neuron has generated an action
potential, it cannot generate another one
for a while. This period is called:
Your Answer: the absolute refractory
period.

9.
The fastest conduction of an action
potential would occur in an axon with
which of the following characteristics?
Your Answer: Large diameter and
myelinated

10.
What is the name of the disease in which
the myelin sheaths of central nervous
system axons are destroyed?
Your Answer: Multiple sclerosis


1.
The somatic nervous system stimulates what type of muscles?
Your Answer: Skeletal

2.
Will signals from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) cause
heart rate to increase or decrease?
Your Answer: Increase

3.
Will signals from the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
cause smooth muscles in the small intestine to increase or
decrease contractions?
Your Answer: Decrease

Correct Answer: Increase

Review page 3 in Nervous System II: Anatomy Review.

4.
If a neuron synapses with the dendrite of another neuron and
excites it, this will lead to an ____________ on the second
neuron.
Your Answer: action potential

5.
Synapses between axon terminals of one neuron and the cell
body of another neuron are called:
Your Answer: axosomatic synapses.

6.
The type of synapse that regulates the amount of chemical
transmitter that is released is called an:
Your Answer: axosomatic synapse.

Correct Answer: axoaxonic synapse.

Review page 5 in Nervous System II: Anatomy Review.

7.
In an electrical synapse, when current flows from one neuron
to another through gap junctions, this synapse is always
__________.
Your Answer: excitatory

8.
Which of these choices is the fastest synapse?
Your Answer: Electrical

9.
In chemical synapses, one neuron excites another neuron by:
Your Answer: releasing a neurotransmitter.

10.
What causes the neurotransmitter to be released at a chemical
synapse?
Your Answer: An action potential in the presynaptic neuron
1.
Which type of channel is responsible for establishing the resting
membrane potential?
Your Answer: Passive channels

2.
Which type of channel is responsible for establishing synaptic
potentials?
Your Answer: Chemically gated channels

3.
An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is produced when
the movement of ions makes the inside of the cell more
__________.
Your Answer: positive

4.
Ion channels on a typical excitatory synapse are specific for
__________.
Your Answer: cations, such as sodium and potassium

5.
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) makes the inside of
the cell more __________.
Your Answer: negative

6.
Ion channels in a typical inhibitory synapse are specific for
which of the following ions?
Your Answer: Chloride

7.
An example of a neurotransmitter that works indirectly, by
using a second messenger instead of opening ion channels, is:
Your Answer: GABA.

Correct Answer: norepinephrine (NE).

Review page 7 in Nervous System II: Ion Channels.

8.
Which of the following neurotransmitters only act indirectly?
Your Answer: GABA

Correct Answer: Norepinephrine (NE)

Review page 7 in Nervous System II: Ion Channels.

9.
Which of the following neurotransmitters can act both directly
and indirectly?
Your Answer: Norepinephrine (NE)

Correct Answer: Acetylcholine (ACh)

Review page 7 in Nervous System II: Ion Channels.

10.
When a neurotransmitter acts indirectly, it activates a G
protein, which then activates an enzyme that produces a
second messenger. What does the second messenger activate?
Your Answer: An intracellular enzyme
1.
What channels in the presynaptic membrane open in response
to an action potential?
Your Answer: Voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels

2.
The presence of what ion inside the axon terminal causes the
synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane?
Your Answer: Calcium

3.
What is stored in the synaptic vesicle?
Your Answer: Neurotransmitters

4.
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors located on the:
Your Answer: presynaptic membrane.

Correct Answer: postsynaptic membrane.

Review page 4 in Nervous System II: Synaptic Transmission.

5.
How can ion movement through channels affect the
postsynaptic neuron?
Your Answer: Ions can either depolarize or hyperpolarize the
postsynaptic membrane, depending on the ion
channel opened.

6.
What happens to acetylcholine (ACh) when it dissociates from
its receptor?
Your Answer: It is broken down by an enzyme.

7.
Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to cholinergic receptors. Name the
type of cholinergic receptor found in the heart and describe the
effect on heart rate when ACh binds to this receptor.
Your Answer: Muscarinic receptor; increases heart rate

Correct Answer: Muscarinic receptor; slows heart rate

Review page 8 in Nervous System II: Synaptic Transmission.

8.
Norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors. Name the type of
adrenergic receptor that is excitatory to the heart.
Your Answer: 1

Correct Answer: 1

Review page 9 in Nervous System II: Synaptic Transmission.

9.
The most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the central
nervous system is:
Your Answer: glycine.

Correct Answer: glutamate.

Review page 12 in Nervous System II: Synaptic Transmission.

10.
How does the botulinus toxin decrease the effect of a
neurotransmitter?
Your Answer: The toxin blocks the release of the
neurotransmitter.
1.
Do EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) hyperpolarize or
depolarize the membrane?
Your Answer: Depolarize

2.
Potentiation of a synaptic potential is caused by:
Your Answer: increased calcium entering the axon or
presynaptic terminal.

3.
Presynaptic inhibition is a result of what type of synapse?
Your Answer: Axonaxonic

4.
Synaptic potentials are also called:
Your Answer: action potentials.

Correct Answer: graded potentials.

Review page 5 in Nervous System II: Synaptic Potentials and
Cellular Integration.

5.
Which potentials decay as they move along the neuronal
membrane?
Your Answer: Both EPSPs and IPSPs

6.
Increasing the number of synapses from different neurons
would cause which type of summation?
Your Answer: Spatial summation

7.
Inhibitory synapses have the maximum effect if they are
located on what part of the neuron?
Your Answer: The cell body, near the axon hillock

8.
What is the process called when all the EPSPs and IPSPs are
added together to determine whether there will be an action
potential?
Your Answer: Full integration

Correct Answer: Cellular integration

Review page 9 in Nervous System II: Synaptic Potentials and
Cellular Integration.

9.
The stimulus for opening ion channels in a synaptic potential is
caused by:
Your Answer: the binding of neurotransmitters.

10.
Increasing the number of action potentials on a presynaptic
axon in a given period of time would cause what type of
summation?
Your Answer: Temporal summation