Annex 2 - EPR Negorci - Gevgelija - ENG - FINAL PDF

Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, right
carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci-Gevgelija

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REPORT
FROM REALIZATION OF THE PROJECT
EXTENSION WITH RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EXISTING
CARRIAGEWAY, RIGHT CARRIAGEWAY OF THE MOTORWAY A1
(E75), SMOKVICA-GEVGELIJA, SECTION NEGORCI - GEVGELIJA

SKOPJE
June, 2013

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Table of Content:
1 GENERAL INFORMATION 9
2 TYPE OF REPORT 9
3 COMPETENT BODY FOR APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REPORTS 9
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT IN WHICH THE ACTIVITY IS PERFORMED 10
4.1 SHORT NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE ACTIVITY ................................................................................... 10
4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE LOCATION .................................................................................................... 11
4.2.1 Macro-location of the location ..................................................................................................... 11
4.2.2 Micro-location of the location ...................................................................................................... 12
4.3 TECHNICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITY ......................................................................... 17
4.3.1 Technical-technological description of the project ....................................................................... 17
4.3.2 Project activities ........................................................................................................................... 20
4.3.3 Equipment, means of transportation and machinery................................................................... 27
4.4 RAW AND AUXILIARY MATERIALS ............................................................................................................ 28
5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE PROJECT AREA 31
5.1 GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TERRAIN ........................................................................................ 31
5.2 HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TERRAIN .............................................................................. 32
5.3 CATEGORIZATION OF GROUND BY ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL FEATURES ........................................................ 33
5.4 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................. 34
5.5 PEDOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................. 34
5.6 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANDSCAPE ...................................................................................................... 34
5.7 PERMANENT WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................................................... 35
5.8 CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA ................................................................................................. 38
5.9 EXISTING ROAD AND COMMUNAL INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................... 40
5.10 BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................................... 43
5.11 CADASTRAL DATA IN THE PROJECT SCOPE ................................................................................................. 46
5.12 DESCRIPTION OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA ................................................................ 46
5.12.1 Socio demographic profile ..................................................................................................... 46
5.12.2 Socio-economic profile .......................................................................................................... 48
5.12.3 Urban profile ......................................................................................................................... 51
5.12.4 Socio-cultural profile .............................................................................................................. 51
6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE PROJECT 53
6.1 EMISSIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 53
6.1.1 Air Emissions ................................................................................................................................. 53
6.1.2 Emissions into water and sewage ................................................................................................ 58
6.2 GENERATION OF WASTE ........................................................................................................................ 60
6.2.1 Construction Phase ....................................................................................................................... 60
6.2.2 Operative Phase ........................................................................................................................... 62
6.3 EMISSIONS INTO SOIL ........................................................................................................................... 62
6.3.2 Operative Phase ........................................................................................................................... 63
6.4 NOISE, VIBRATION AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION ..................................................................................... 63
6.4.1 Noise ............................................................................................................................................. 63
6.4.2 Vibrations ..................................................................................................................................... 67

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6.4.3 Non-ionizing radiation .................................................................................................................. 67
6.5 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (FLORA, FAUNA HABITATS) ................................................................................... 67
6.5.2 Operative Phase ........................................................................................................................... 68
6.6 SOCIO - DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACTS ........................................................................................................... 68
6.6.1 Land Acquisition ........................................................................................................................... 68
6.6.2 People and Livestock Health and Safety Impact ........................................................................... 68
6.7 SOCIAL-ECONOMIC IMPACT ................................................................................................................... 70
6.7.1 Impact on Business and Agricultural Activities ............................................................................. 70
6.7.2 Impact on tourism ........................................................................................................................ 70
6.8 INFRASTRUCTURE IMPACTS ................................................................................................................... 71
6.8.1 Impact on Local residents ............................................................................................................. 71
6.8.2 Impact on road infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 71
6.8.3 Impact on irrigation, water supply, sewerage system infrastructure ........................................... 71
6.9 SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS ................................................................................................................... 72
6.9.1 Labour Impacts ............................................................................................................................. 72
7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM 73
7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE AIR ....................................................................................................... 73
7.1.1 Construction phase ....................................................................................................................... 73
7.1.2 OPERATIVE PHASE ............................................................................................................................... 74
7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE WATERS AND SEWERAGE .......................................................................... 74
7.2.2 Operative Phase ........................................................................................................................... 75
7.3 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR REDUCE THE IMPACT OF WASTE ....................................................................... 75
7.3.2 Operative Phase ........................................................................................................................... 75
7.4 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF THE IMPACTS ON SOIL ............................................................... 75
7.4.2 Operative Phase ........................................................................................................................... 76
7.5 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF THE NOISE, VIBRATION, NON - IONIZING RADIATION......................... 76
7.5.2 Operative Phase ........................................................................................................................... 77
7.6 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF THE IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY ................................................... 77
7.6.2 Operative Phase ........................................................................................................................... 78
7.7 MEASURES FOR MITIGATION OF SOCIAL IMPACTS ....................................................................................... 78
7.8 RISK MANAGEMENT (OCCURRENCE OF A DISASTER, ACCIDENT OR EMERGENCY)................................................ 79
7.8.2 Operative Phase ........................................................................................................................... 82
8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 97
8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN-EMP ............................................................................... 98
8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN - EMP .............................................................................. 113
9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 120
10 ANNEXES 122
11 STATEMENT 145

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12 REFERENCES 146
Table list:
Table 1 List of materials which will be used during the construction activities ..................................... 29
Table 2 Average temperature values in Municipality of Gevgelija........................................................ 38
Table 3 Demographic data of the project area .................................................................................... 47
Table 4 Number of pupils in Municipality of Gevgelija for 2011/12 school year ................................... 48
Table 5 Unemployment in Gevgelija ..................................................................................................... 49
Table 6 Active enterprises in the Municipality of Gevgelija, by sector of activity ................................. 50
Table 7 Agricultural statistics in Municipality of Gevgelija .................................................................... 51
Table 8 Concentrations of CO
2
measured in the ambient air ............................................................... 56
Table 9 Concentrations of dust (PM) in the ambient air measured at the measuring point Mrzenci ... 56
Table10 List of wastes .......................................................................................................................... 60
Table 11 Noise levels, generated from construction equipment .......................................................... 64
Table 12 Noise levels generated at a construction site (15 m from the source) .................................. 64
Table 13 Equivalent level of noise and maximum values measured at the village of Mrzenci ............ 65
Table 14 Table with the projected measures ........................................................................................ 83

Figure List
Figure 1 Location of the Municipality of Gevgelija compared to other municipalities in the Republic of
Macedonia ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Figure 2 Satellite image of the section Negorci-Gevgelija in relation to Gevgelija .............................. 13
Figure 3 Part of the agricultural land and facilities along the section Negorci-Gevgelija, right
carriageway ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 4 Settlement Mrzenci near the right carriageway of the motorway Negorci-Gevgelija ............. 14
Figure 5 River Mrzenska near the highway section Negorci-Gevgelija ............................................... 15
Figure 6 Bridge on river Mrzenska ....................................................................................................... 15
Figure 7 Location of section Negorci (1153 +050.49)-Gevgelija (1156 +487.15) ................................ 16
Figure 8 Part of the motorway A1 (75), section Negorci - Gevgelija ................................................. 17
Figure 9 Discharge to atmosphere drain water near v. Negorci .......................................................... 19
Figure 10 Bridge on river Mrzenska ..................................................................................................... 19
Figure 11 Systems of canals for drainage on the motorway ................................................................ 20
Figure 12 Cross section of the motorway drainage system ................................................................. 23
Figure 13 Scheme of the asphalting and the thickness of the layers .................................................. 24
Figure 14 The method for traffic redirection and signalization and equipment during construction of
the left carriageway ............................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 15 The method for traffic redirection and signalization and equipment on the locations where
the newly designed carriageway overlaps the existing one .................................................................. 26
Figure 16 The necessary signalling machinery and the places where the new road crosses from left
to right ................................................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 17 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during reconstruction
and extension of the existing road ........................................................................................................ 27

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Figure 18 Some of the equipment and machinery that will be used for the extension and
reconstruction of the carriageway ......................................................................................................... 28
Figure 19 Geological map of the area (Negorci-Gevgelija) .................................................................. 32
Figure 20 Hydro-geological map of the wider area .............................................................................. 33
Figure 21 Hill Mrzenci near v. Mrzenci ................................................................................................. 35
Figure 22 River Mrzenska dries out during the summer period ........................................................... 35
Figure 23 Location of water supply, irrigation and gas pipeline, passing under the motorway ........... 36
Figure 24 Thermo- mineral springs near Negorci ................................................................................ 36
Figure 25 Water-economy areas in the Republic of Macedonia .......................................................... 37
Figure 26 Existing and planned hydro - power plants

......................................................................... 37
Figure 27 Climatic map of the Republic of Macedonia ........................................................................ 39
Figure 28 Rose of winds ....................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 29 Part of the motorway 1 (75) near Gevgelija .................................................................... 40
Figure 30 Roads infrastructure in the Municipality of Gevgelija ........................................................... 41
Figure 31 Railway corridors.................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 32 Electricity distribution networks and hydro/thermal power plants in the Republic of
Macedonia

............................................................................................................................................ 42
Figure 33 The route of the oil pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki ................................................................ 42
Figure 34 System for irrigation South Vardar Valley ......................................................................... 43
Figure 35 Existing vegetation along the section .................................................................................. 44
Figure 36 Cultivated land ..................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 37 River Mrzenska .................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 38 Gender constitution of the population in Municipality of Gevgelija ...................................... 48
Figure 39 Measuring point for noise, dust and
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near the overpass at Mrzenci ............................. 55
Figure 40 Noise intensity reduction per distance from the source ...................................................... 65

Annex list:
ANNEX 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 122
ANNEX 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 128
ANNEX 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 131
ANNEX 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 141


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TECHNICAL NUMBER 01-112/1

Based on the concluded Contract between the Environmental Managament Assosiates
DEKONS EMA LTD, Skopje and PE for national roads-Skopje, no. 03-82 of 17/05/2013,
Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-extension with reconstruction
of the existing carriageway, right carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-
Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci, in accordance with Article 24 of the Law on
environment ("Official Gazette of RM" no. 53/05, 81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10,
51/11 and 123/12).
In accordance with the Decree on the activities for which preparation of elaborate is
mandatory and competent authority is the body of the state administration responsible for
the affairs of the environment ("Official Gazette of RM" no. 36/12), the extension with
reconstruction of the A1 (E75) motorway, Smokvica-Gevgelija belongs in Appendix, XI-
Infrastructural projects; 15.Reconstruction of Motorways and national roads for more than 10
km
1
.
The Report was prepared in accordance with the Opinion no.11-3235/2 from 18.04.2013
from the Department of the Environment, in which the Investor (PE for national roads) is
committed to prepare an Environmental protection report.
Within the project activity, in May 2013, site visit was conducted in order to make insight into
the current state of the location where the activity will be carried out and to identify potential
sources of pollution in the environment from their operation.
The Environmental protection report gives an image of the current state of the investment-A1
(E75) Motorway, Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci, identifies the potential
adverse impacts from the extension and reconstruction of the Motorway in the environmental
media and proposes measures for their reduction or mitigation.

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Both sections which are subject of preparation of the Environmental protection reports are covered by one main project and
are in length of 6,726 km and 3,427 km, or a total of 10,153 km.

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In the preparation of the Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-
extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, right carriageway of the Motorway
A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci for the needs of PE for national
roads-Skopje, the following team participated:

DEKONS-EMA
Manager
Menka Spirovska


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1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Name and surname of the legal entity
or individual that implements
activities
Public Enterprise for National Roads
(PE)
Legal status PENR was founded in 2013 by the Law
on public roads, as the legal successor
of the Agency for State Roads
Ownership PE for state roads is owned by the
Government of Republic of Macedonia
Business office of the legal entity
(registered in the central register)
Str.Dame Gruev No.14
1000 Skopje
Address where activities are/will be
implemented
Municipality Gevgelija, Negorci -
Gevgelija
Unique number of the legal entity 6839673
Identification of core activity
according to NCA
64.99
Category of activity that is the subject of the
application under the provisions of Article
24 paragraph (4) and (5)
Other financial - service activities, except
insurance and pension funding, not
mentioned elsewhere
Number of employees at the facility where
the activity is performed or activity for
which the application is submitted
/
Total number of employees in the
legal entity or individual that carries
on business or activity
319
Projected capacity 3,427 km
Name and surname of contact person
responsible for the approval of the study
and his position
Joze Jovanovski, Environmental
engineer, Environmental protection
consultant
Telephone number - contact 02/ 3118-044 lok.135
Fax: 02/ 3220-535

2 TYPE OF REPORT
New activity
Existing activity
Expansion of existing activity

3 COMPETENT BODY FOR APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
REPORTS
Body name Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning
- Department of Environment
Address Blvd Goce Delcev No. 8, building MRTV 10
th
floor, 1000
Skopje
Telephone 02/3251-400

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4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT IN WHICH THE ACTIVITY IS PERFORMED
4.1 Short non-technical summary of the activity
The Project activity is implemented by PE for national roads. In (Annexes) of this report, the
Certificate from the Central Register is presented, i.e. the current status of the company.
The project envisages extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, right
carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci-Gevgelija.
Accordingly, one more lane of the already existing five lanes of the Motorway will be
constructed, in order to get full motorway with six lanes in both directions (three lanes in
direction).
With the construction of this section, the connectivity between Macedonia and Greece will be
greatly improved and finally, the completion of the motorway A1 (Pan European Corridor 10)
in the Republic of Macedonia will be enabled, on level of complete Motorway with 6 lanes,
parallel with finalizing of the project for construction of the section Demir Kapija-Smokvica.
All of this will contribute to improving of the economy, the economic development will be
accelerated, safety and, in general, the quality of the life of the people, not only in this part of
the country, but also wider.
The land on which the extension of the section is planned is state owned, which means that
the planned extension will not usurp fertile agricultural land, because the extension will be
carried out in the green area between the two carriageways, for which there is a projected
space.
In accordance with the Decree on the activities for which preparation of elaborate is
mandatory and competent authority is the body of the state administration responsible for
the affairs of the environment ("Official Gazette of RM" no. 36/12), the extension with
reconstruction of the A1 (E75) motorway, Smokvica-Gevgelija belongs in Appendix, XI-
Infrastructural projects; 15.Reconstruction of Motorways and national roads for more than 10
km
2
.
To perform these activities a Detailed Design Project is made, dating from 1999. The data
for the preparation of this report are based on the Detailed Design Project. The goal of the
project is the construction of a modern six carriageways motorway (three in each direction),
with predicted frequency of traffic from 10,400 vehicles per year in both directions.
Along the section Smokvica-Gevgelija, the right carriageway in direction Gevgelija-Negorci-
Prdejci already has three carriageways, while in direction Negorci-Gevgelija in the total
length of 3,427 km there are only two carriageways and needs to be rehabilitated and
expanded with one more carriageway with width of 2,8 meters in the central reservation of
the motorway, by so obtaining three carriageway motorway. The traffic on this part of the
motorway is performed on total 5 carriageways, except the section in direction south of
village Prdejci to village Negorci, with total length of 1.5 km, which is already expanded and

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Both sections which are subject of preparation of the Environmental protection reports are covered by one main project and
are in length of 6,726 km and 3,427 km, or a total of 10,153 km.

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rehabilitated. The expansion of the right carriageway will be performed on the right side of
River Vardar, including expansion of one bridge on river Mrzenska.
With the construction of one additional leans, not fertile agricultural land will be usurped,
because the expansion will take place in the central reservation between the two road
crossing pavements which is the size of the projected expanding space.
During the analysis of the submitted documentation several inadequacies are identified, lack
of a Final design Project for the section Negorci-Gevgelija, no detailed information available
about the expansion and rehabilitation of the original carriageway, for the right leans of
carriageway section Negorci-Gevgelija, there is a lack of clear quantification of materials
which will be used, precise locations of borrow pits, asphalt and concrete base, landfills,
characteristics and type of machinery and equipment that will be be used in the construction
phase, number of workers and workdays, accurate quantities of waste, lack of monitoring
stations monitoring of air quality in the vicinity of the concerned section resulting in a more
general definition of emissions and potential impacts of pollutants on the environment.
4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE LOCATION
4.2.1 Macro-location of the location
The location of the project for the expansion of the right carriageway of the motorway A1 (E-
75) Smokvica-Gevgelija is the section Negorci-Gevgelija, which belongs to the area of
Gevgelija.
Gevgelija Municipality is one of the largest municipalities in the country and is located in the
southern part of the country, besides the Vardar valley and Motorway E-75 (trans-European
corridor 10). At north and east it is bounded by the municipalities Valandovo and Bogdanci,
on the west by the municipalities Demir Kapija and Kavadarci and on south Machukovo
(Evzoni) in Greece. According to the latest territorial division of 2004, the municipality is
merged of Gevgelija and former municipality Marvinci. Gevgelija municipality covers an area
of 48.5 ha or 485 km
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, and its consisted of 17 settlements: Gevgelija, Virgin, Gabrovo,
David, Kovanec, Konsko Miletkovo, Marvinci, Moin, Mrzenci, Negorci, Novo Konsko,
Petrovo, Prdejci Smokvica, Sermenin and Huma. The municipality is a geographically
important "bridge" between Central and Eastern Europe, southern Europe and the Middle
East.


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Figure 1 Location of the Municipality of Gevgelija compared to other municipalities in the Republic of
Macedonia
Thru the municipality of Gevgelija, strategic traffic routes as part of Corridor 10 pass through.
The railway track Thessaloniki-Gevgelija was built in 1873 and it is still the main rail link
between Skopje and Thessaloniki. Across the region of the Municipality Gevelija, the
pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki route passes.
Gevgelija has short and quick access to two airports-Thessaloniki, which is located only 70
km away and the airport in Skopje, 155 km away.
4.2.2 Micro-location of the location
Planned project activities "Expansion with rehabilitation of the original lane, the right
carriageway of A1 motorway (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija section Negorci-Gevgelija will be
performed at the location of the existing highway section Negorci-Gevgelija". The Motorway
section passes near the area Mrzenci, at the closest distance of about 200 m.
Near the project area there are no facilities that perform medical, social and educational
activities evidenced.
The expansion of the A1 motorway (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija the section from overpass at
v.Negorci in the intersection with Gevgelija (right carriageway) belongs to the area of
Municipality of Gevgelija. This section begins at a local direct road with overpass from
highway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija at the entry of v.Negorci (1153+050,94 km) and
continues along the arable land on the right side of the section, ends before the intersection
with Gevgelija city (1156+487,15 km), with a total length of 3,427 km for the section Negorci-
Gevgelija. The region where the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija section Negorci-
Gevgelija passes is located north of the city Gevgelija about 2 km from the nearest
settlements Mrzenci, Negorci and Prdejci. The following "Google" figure (Figure 2) shows the
satellite image of the A1 motorway (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija section Negorci-Gevgelija
which will expand the highway right carriageway towards Gevgelija.
Municipality
of Gevgelija
Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, right carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section
Negorci-Gevgelija

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Figure 2 Satellite image of the section Negorci-Gevgelija in relation to Gevgelija
Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway,
right carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci-Gevgelija

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The subjected site is located in the basin of the lower course of the river Vardar, which is
the most important watercourse in R. Macedonia covering 83% of the catchment area of
the state. The project area waste waters drain into the river Vardar surface and
groundwater. Aside the river Vardar, located in distant surroundings of the Motorway, part
of the subjected site is the River Mrzenska as one of its tributaries. Near the village
Negorci there are rich thermo-mineral water springs.
The terrain along the section subject is plain, stretching by the flow of the river Vardar,
which is at a distance of about 700 m (crow flies) in the southern sub-section (near the
area Mrzenci) and 2,5 km from the starting point of the section Negorci-Gevgelija.
In the surrounding area of the sub-section Negorci - Gevgelija, the project consultant
evidenced arable land, farming facilities, greenhouse production, and small industrial
facilities.

Figure 3 Part of the agricultural land and facilities along the section Negorci-Gevgelija, right
carriageway
Nearest settlement near the Motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija, along the section
Negorci-Gevgelija is Mrzenci, a settlement which is at a distance of about 200 m from the
carriageway right of the motorway.

Figure 4 Settlement Mrzenci near the right carriageway of the motorway Negorci-Gevgelija

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Near the settlement Mrzenci, river Mrzenska at 1155+256.60 km crosses the carriageway,
passing under the bridge which is part of the Motorway (section Negorci-Gevgelija) and
will be expanded towards the central reservation on the right carriageway and the rest of
the section Negorci-Gevgelija. River Mrzenska is usually dried up in the summer months
of the year.

Figure 5 River Mrzenska near the highway section Negorci-Gevgelija

Figure 6 Bridge on river Mrzenska
Moving from Negorci to Gevgelija from the elevation 1153 +050,94 km, the right
carriageway has two lanes and left has three lanes. This means expansion will be
performed on the right carriageway one lean in the central reservation of the left
carriageway. This state continues in the full length of 3,427 km, meeting the intersection
of Gevgelija. Between the villages Prdejci and Negorci the carriageway with length of 1,5
km on the motorway is already complete with 6 lanes and on this part no construction
activities will be performed.
The next figure presents the location of the section Negorci-Gevgelija in terms of
surrounding settlements Negorci, Mrzenci and city of Gevgelija.

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Figure 7 Location of section Negorci (1153 +050.49)-Gevgelija (1156 +487.15)
The entire territory of the section Negorci-Gevgelija belongs to the Municipality of
Gevgelija.
Mrzenci

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4.3 Technical-technological description of the activity
4.3.1 Technical-technological description of the project
The project activity envisages extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway,
right carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci -
Gevgelija, ie another lane to an existing five-lane Motorway will be constructed as an
addition in order to get full Motorway with six lanes in both directions (three lanes in
direction).
This is the last non-extended section of the existing Motorway A1 (E-75), passing through
Republic of Macedonia and connects Republic of Serbia with Republic of Greece, bearing
in mind that the construction of the remaining section Demir Kapija-Smokvica is ongoing.
The realization of the project will enable faster and safer transportation from Central
Europe to Greece, Turkey and the Middle East, as it will be linked to "Via Egnatia" (east-
west) Motorway in Greece.
Motorway section Negorci-Gevgelija, is the last section of the Motorway Smokvica-
Gevgelija which is not extended or reconstructed, passes through a flat valley area near
the river Vardar. The total length of the respective section Negorci-Gevgelija (km 1144
+280,00-km in 1156 +487.15) the total length of the right carriageway that will be extend
is 3,427 km.

Figure 8 Part of the motorway A1 (75), section Negorci - Gevgelija
Currently traffic from the right side towards Negorci-Gevgelija takes place on two lanes
with a width of 3,75 m on each lane. This situation persists in length of 3,427 km, until just
before Gevgelija.
With the construction of additional lane, no agricultural land will be usurped, because the
construction will take place in the central reservation between two road pavements which
is projected expanding space.
Based on the obtained data and technical documentation, the section Negorci-Gevgelija
as part of the A1 the motorway (E-75) Smokvic-Gevgelija (project 1999), defines the main
project / construction activities necessary to expand the right carriageway of the motorway
section Negorci-Gevgelija that could have a positive or negative impact on the individual
elements of the environment.
The project envisages expansion with rehabilitation of the original carriageway or right
lane of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvic-Gevgelija, section Negorci-Gevgelija starting at
the overpass near the v. Negorci until the intersection entry to Gevgelija. The expansion

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of the third lane will have a width of 2,8 m and will be constructed in the central
reservation of the motorway between the two carriageways (km +050,94-km in 1153
+487.15 1156), as well as demolishion of the right carriageway from the bridge crossing
over river Mrzenska and construction of an expanded bridge with three lanes in the
direction towards Gevgelija. The total width of the section provided for the expansion of
the third lane in the direction Negorci-Gevgelija is 11 m.
The total width of the three lanes, after the extension is projected to reach 11 meters,
carriageway composed of 2 lanes per 3.75 m, 2 edge lanes of half a meter, stopping
lanes in width of 2.5 meters and central reservation of 4 meters. In total, with the
carriageway from the opposite direction, the motorway will have a width of 26 meters.
The average calculated vehicle moving speed is 120 km/h. On the motorway around
4.200 vehicles pass via the motorway, mostly passenger vehicles around 70% The
maximum longitudinal slope of the motorway is 4%, meaning it has natural drainage
slope, releasing the motorway from the drain water directly into the drainage atmosphere
water system, placed in the central reservation of the road.
In the preparatory phase, before starting of the construction works, samples will be taken
and an analysis of the existing materials from which the Motorway is constructed will be
conducted, taking into account the thickness of the asphalt layer, the protective layer
against sliding on the road, the thickness of granulation chorused stone layer that is
applied under the asphalt, reinforced concrete structural base of the over and underpass
and bridge on river Mrzenska. This will provide data on the current state of the section
and materials which will be used for construction of a new lane, new bridge on river
Mrzenska, as well as the reconstruction of the existing lanes of the carriageway
During the site visit, conducted on 30.05.2013 by the expert team, the locations of the
constituent elements of the Motorway along the section were determined:
- On-the motorway Negorci Gevgelija registered two overpasses, an overpass at
the village Negorci 1153 +501 km and overpass at the village Mrzenci 1154 +773
km. There are no planned construction activities on natpatnicite, they are in good
condition and on them will only take basic precautions in the performance of
construction work the motorway.
Evidenced one underpass on (1155 256 km) on the motorway after v. Mrzenci
near the local road Vardar Hill. This underpass is used mostly by farmers and
shepherds for transporting goods and animals from one end to another. Through
this underpass passenger and vehicles rarely circulate, mostly tractors or other
agricultural machinery when passing to the other end for cultivation of agricultural
areas. No construction works are planned for the underpass just taking the
necessary measures to maintain the levees and structures in the construction of
the new lane.
- Near the overpass at the village Negorci at about 250 m distance a structure is
built on the motorway known as discharge. It is a reinforced concrete structure that
collects the system of canals for drainage pipes. Situated on 1.153.766 km on the
outlet, no construction activities and planned within this project because it has

19

already been built with consideration for the merger of the third extended lane of
carriageway. The next photo shows the layout of the outlet village near the
overpass Negorci.

Figure 9 Discharge to atmosphere drain water near v. Negorci
- The infrastructure along the highway Negorci-Gevgelija immediately after the
overpass near the village Mrzenci on 1155 256 km is the bridge on the river.
Mrzenska consists of two lanes with an average width of 12,9 m for each lane,
built as a flat plate with three connections for highway, with wing walls and
upgrades, enclosed by fencing specific. Built perpendicular to the river bed without
additional regulation of the river, but believes that this is necessary because the
river for most of the year is dried up.
Due to the dilapidation of the bridges and the weak structure, unsuitable for the planned
extension and reconstruction, the bridge on river Mrzenska will be demolished and in their
placed a new bridge with three lanes in addition of the motorway will be reconstructed.
The fence of the bridges called "New Jersey" will be demolished and re-assembled.

Figure 10 Bridge on river Mrzenska
The demolition of the bridges will be performed by using heavy machinery, excavators
and drillers, without using explosives. Then, additional excavation of about 6.500 m
3
of
earth will be performed, in order to make the space from the river beds that are required
for setting the foundations for the new bridges. After that, the concrete and reinforced
concrete works with a total volume of 2.000 m
3
of concrete and iron reinforcement

20

weighing 16 t will be conducted. In addition, the preparatory works, placement of the
crushed stone and asphalting will continue in the same manner as at the motorway, with
the only difference in the asphalt layer, which at the bridges has a thickness of 8 cm. This
would include an extension of the drainage system, building of the structure and laying
the pipes on the motorway, construction of sidewalks and fencing of the bridges. At the
end, testing of the new bridges in terms of load, weight load of the structure and surface
friction load on the bridge will be performed.
The systems for drainage of storm water that are collected on the motorway during rain
are set in the middle of the central reservation in the form of a network of canals,
collection sumps, pipes for conveying water and storm water culverts, through which
without no previous treatment water is discharged in the vicinity and in the beds of the
river Mrzenska. The following figures show the layout of the drainage systems on the
motorway.

Figure 11 Systems of canals for drainage on the motorway
In the middle of the central reservation, cement canals with a width of 50 cm are built,
which collect water and brings it to a collective manhole on every hundred meters.
Drainage systems are currently in poor condition due to the dilapidation and irregular
maintenance, part of the manholes and pipes are clogged by debris from vegetation
(leaves, grass and soil) that flow in the canals, therefore there is flooding of the motorway
during the heavy rains.
4.3.2 Project activities
The planned activities are extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway of the
Motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija, i.e. extension of the left carriageway of the
section Smokvica-Prdejci and right carriageway of the section Negorci-Gevgelija, with
special reference to the above mentioned existing structures on and around the
motorway. The reconstruction includes set of preparatory works that will ensure
uninterrupted operations and that in terms of protecting the environment and the
occupational health and safety of the workers and the traffic participants are of great
importance.

21

4.3.2.1 Preparatory works
Marking and securing of the alignment- before the commencement of the civil works
envisaged in the main design, the first thing that needs to be done is marking and
securing of the alignments of the envisaged roads with all signs for traffic safety,
adjustment of the speed of to the road conditions and traffic diversion.
Clearing of the alignment of rubble, trees and roots-because the road extension will
take place in the central reservation through the middle of the motorway, clearing along
the green central reservation in length of 3,427 km will be made. Then, the protective
fencing and plants along the construction site will be removed. Because it is a vegetation
consisting of plants, grass, stubs and oleanders along the central reservation, no heavy
machinery for clearing the ground the ground, except hand saws, trimmers and scythes,
rakes and other hand tools.
Demolition of existing structures along the section-this work includes excavation and
dismounting of traffic signs, gutters, concrete channels, man holes, demolition of bricks,
stone or concrete walls (in amount of 40 m
3
), demolition of the existing carriageway
constructions, removal of kerbs, demolition of fences, buildings, existing flat culverts, pipe
culverts and their entry and exit heads and/or any other obstacles that could in any way
impede the construction.
4.3.2.2 Substructure
Scraping of the existing asphalt-to provide comprehensive reconstruction and merging
the new with the existing carriageway lanes and correction of the damage that occurred
with the continuous attrition and weathering, the surface layer of the asphalt along the
project section will be removed, with a thickness of 0-3 cm, 3-6 cm, >6 cm, determined by
the construction experts, with a total area of 15.428 m
2
.
Excavation of humus-this work encompasses the surface excavation of the humus
performed during the wide excavation of the alignment for the extension with the third
lane in total amount of 17.000 m
3
. Next, excavation of earth in a wide ditch in amount of
50.300 m
3
will be made and compression of the formed broad plateau. After that, the
surface and the substructure with an area of about 155.398 m
2
will be performed, with
construction of enhanced base from earth of about 30.000 m
3
. Once all of the construction
works will be completed, the central reservation will be restored and the excavated humus
and soil will be reused for filling the holes and damages in the project area disposal of the
earth works.
Subgrade-is a natural layer of soil on which the foundations of the embankments will be
placed. Works for construction of the subrage include compaction, possible excavation for
drying or suppression of the natural soil layer for gaining a thickness determined by the
design of about 30 cm. If the composition of the soil-subgrade is such that it prevents the
fulfilment of the criteria established with standards (saturated soil, mud, soil with organic
materials etc.) it will be necessary to prepare the subgrade which would be consistent
with the design criteria.

22

Embankment construction-for the embankment construction non-organic material with
the prescribed quality will be used. The embankments can contain organic rubble, roots,
bushes, or material that over time due to biochemical action will change its mechanical
and physical characteristics. The material for the construction of an embankment can be
obtained from the cuts of the alignment or supply locations. The regulations controlling the
quality of the material used for embankment construction is given in the standards (MKS
U.B1.010/79, MKS U.B1.012/79, MKS U.B1.014/88 etc.). When examining the suitability
of materials for embankment construction, examinations will be made of every cut and
supply location, as well as when changing the material. The experiments should be done
on a minimum of 2 samples for each type of material.
Nails near the structures-are constructed to eliminate deformations of the carriageway
on the joints between the embankment and the structure. The nail construction will be
made in one of the following manners: a) if the structure is finished before the
embankment, then the nail should be constructed in parallel b) If the structure is not
finished and the embankment is being constructed, then the nail should be constructed as
near as possible to the structure so that the sub grade could consolidate faster.
Level of the substructure-this works includes levelling of the substructure in the cuts,
embankments with rough and fine levelling and compacting. The works have to be
performed to the elevation envisaged in the design along the whole width of the level and
in accordance with the standards. The same applies to the materials for the construction
of the final layer of the embankment.
Planning and distribution of the rest of the humus-this position will utilize the humus
material that had been previously taken to a temporary landfill. The construction of the
grassing and vegetative protection will be made immediately after the completion of the
embankment or the cut. The humus should be placed, levelled and compacted on a
previously arranged surface with a specific thickness determined by the design.
Excavation-the excavation of the canals will be performed before the commencement of
embankment works. The excavation will be made precisely according to the design
details. All excavation surfaces at the bottom or at the slopes will be constructed smoothly
with the proper slopes as to avoid the retention of water or the erosion of earth. The entire
excavated material will be used for embankments or other individual works, or it will be
transported in landfills determined by the Municipality.
Draining of the body of the road-Reconstruction of drainage system for storm water will
be carried out in accordance with the details of the detailed design. In order to follow the
existing drainage system for storm water, reconstruction and rehabilitation of the drainage
system in the central reservation will be made in the new situation along the section. The
system of drainage canals with a total length of 972 m will be restored, because the old
canals are closed and clogged from different types of waste and the surrounding
vegetation and allocation to the interior of the central reservation the moving of the
carriageway will be performed. The pipes for drainage of storm water will be reconditioned
and new concrete manholes will be constructed for conveying the water to the culverts

23

along the motorway. The drainage system will be constructed of materials with the same
quality and features as the already renovated drainage system where construction has
been completed. The system will be consisted of collecting canals that will go in the
middle of the central reservation in width of 50 cm. Around them, the earth will make
natural filtration and the water will be able to dive to the layer of crushed stone, which is
with larger granulation of the grains, and will serve as a filter material so the water can
easily flow to the pickup polyethylene pipe, with an average diameter of 250 mm,
perforated on the upper side. In this way, the storm water will be successfully collected
and drained. The tube will be placed in the appropriate base canal with a width of about
100-130 cm, which at the bottom will be placed in sand with thickness of 5 cm.
Imperforated half of the pipe will then be incorporated into the concrete MB-20 to provide
a solid structure to further protect the system from external influences such as vibrations,
various pests etc. The following figure shows the cross section of the motorway drainage
system.

Figure 12 Cross section of the motorway drainage system
4.3.2.3 Superstructure
Construction of sub-base layer of buffer -after completion of the construction works
and preparation of surface, the layer of crushed stone-feldspar with thickness of 35 cm

24

will be placed, with different grain size, which will serve as a basis for compaction in total
amount of 9.000 m
3
which will prevent collapsing of the highway.
Construction of bitumen bearing layer-then, over the tampon layer a layer of
bituminous mixture, BNS 32 YA with thickness of 13 cm on an area of about 106.000 m
2
will be applied. The modern top supportive bases made of bitumen granulated stone
material, produced in an asphalt base using Czech procedure, are defined with the
standard MKS U.E9.021/86. The production and implementation if the asphalt mixes BNS
is done during favourable climactic conditions, without rainfalls and when the surface
temperature and the air temperature (without wind) is above +5C. Standard stone
aggregates, send, connective substance - bitumen and filler are used as basic materials
for the production of asphalt mixes for BNS.
Construction of final layer of asphalt concrete-over the bituminous layer, after fine
compaction, asphalt layer in thickness of 6 cm will be layered, which will be further
physically processed against weathering during usage. The asphalt concrete
3
will be
applied as final wear courses on the carriageway constructions. The construction of
asphalt concretes includes: supply of standard stone pebbles, connective substance
(bitumen), production, transport and implementation of the asphalt concrete mix in the
final layer of the carriageway construction.
The following figure shows the schematic procedure of application of all layers of the
superstructure and bringing it to the final stage of the motorway.

Figure 13 Scheme of the asphalting and the thickness of the layers
After completing the procedures for coating the road, the road will be marked,
carriageway lanes will be drawn and the protective metal or concrete embankments and
fences will be placed, on the places where it is required by the project, which would
secure the road from illegal crossing of the surrounding people or animals and protection
from possible sliding from the road vehicles moving at inappropriate speeds and/or during
worsened road conditions.

3
The production and implementation are defined with MKS U.E4.014/90.

25

4.3.2.4 Temporary diversion including traffic management
The reconstruction and extension of the motorway A1 (E75) will be done in phases:
1. During the construction of the right carriageway of the motorway, the traffic will
flow continuously but with a reduced speed due to the presence of machinery. The
method for traffic redirection and signalization and equipment is given on the
following figure.

Figure 14 The method for traffic redirection and signalization and equipment during construction of
the right carriageway
2. On the locations where the newly designed carriageway overlaps the existing one,
the existing road will be extended from the left and right side. If the existing road is
extended at the same time when the new carriageway is being built, the
construction site will encompass a part of the carriageway (about 1.2m) and so the
free driving surface will be 6.5m wide. The traffic here will be two way with a speed
limit of 60 km/h. The maximal length of the site will be 0.5km. The method for
traffic redirection and signalization and equipment is given on the following figure.

Negorci-Gevgelija

26

Figure 15 The method for traffic redirection and signalization and equipment on the locations where the newly designed carriageway overlaps the existing
one

Figure 16 The necessary signalling machinery and the places where the new road crosses from left to right

27

3. When the new carriageway passes from the left to the right side, the construction
site encompasses half of the existing carriageway. On the free driving surface with
a width of 3.5m the traffic will be one way and the other way will flow when the one
way is being stopped. The regulation will be manual. The allowed speed is
40km/h. The length of the construction site is 200m. The necessary signalisation
and equipment is given on the next figure.
4. After the construction of the new carriageway the existing road will be rehabilitated
and extended. The traffic, before the start of the construction site, will be
redirected along the new carriageway. The new carriageway is with a width of 11.0
m or two driving lanes and a stopping lane and a speed limit of 120 km/h. The
traffic will flow in two directions with a speed limit if 60 km/h. The method for traffic
redirection and signalization and equipment is given on the next figure.

Figure 17 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during
reconstruction and extension of the existing road
4.3.3 Equipment, means of transportation and machinery
For uninterrupted realization of the process of extension and reconstruction of the
carriageway lane on the section Negorci-Gevgelija, the following mechanization is
needed:

28

No Type of equipment
1. Finishers on caterpillars
2. Rollers with tires
3. Finishers on wheels
4. Vibratory roller for asphalt
5. Vibratory roller for earth
6. rotary mixer
7. Milling of asphalt and concrete
The following figure shows some of the equipment and machinery that will be used for the
extension and reconstruction of the carriageway.

Figure 18 Some of the equipment and machinery that will be used for the extension and
reconstruction of the carriageway
4.4 Raw and auxiliary materials
For the construction of all envisaged activities, new materials will be needed.
In the main project, which is the basis for the preparation of the Environmental Protection
Report, the type and quantity of the materials which will be used in the construction phase,
the source for supply and the location (as borrow pits, concrete base, facilities for crushing

29

the aggregate, fuel stations, water supply, asphalt, etc.), temporary storage and
management of the project area etc. are not precisely defined
4
.
Also, there is no data in the Main project related to the use of labour, accommodation of
the workers and working conditions, in particular the number of employees, location of
camps for workers, working days/shifts, hours, water for sanitation, waste water
management, waste management, etc. The need for labour will be determined based on
the preliminary data for construction/rehabilitation, assessment of the intensity of the work
and the available labour in the companies engaged.
The transport of the excavated material will be performed by road, using the existing roads.
For reconstruction of the existing carriageway, the same way of transport for the
construction materials will be used.
In the main project, also, the place for disposing of the waste material is not defined
5
.
All the above missing data in the main project will be provided by the contractor engaged
to carry out the construction works on the basis of a tender.
Some data available in the basic project related to the types of building materials,
anticipated amounts and supply are presented in the following table.
Table 1 List of materials which will be used during the construction activities
Type of construction
and additional materials
Source Quantity Unit Storage area Remarks
Asphalt Asphalt
base
Not defined in this
phase
m
3
Not defined in
this phase
The data will be
provided by the
Contractor
6

Sand and gravel Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-
Cement Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-
Concrete Concrete
base
-//- m
3
-//- -//-
Metal Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-
Plastic Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-
Insulating materials Provider -//- m -//- -//-
Welding materials Provider -//- m -//- -//-
Electronic devices Provider -//- m -//- -//-
Paints and coatings Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-
Oil Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-
Water Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-

4
All the above data missing in main project will be provided in the detailed design, prepared by a contractor, engaged to carry
out construction work on the basis of activities defined in the tender documentation.
The final design will define the type of material, quantity, location of the borrow pits for materials, concrete and asphalt base,
a way of delivery and transportation etc.. If there is a need for setting a concrete and asphalt base and also form borrow pits
for materials only for the project within the project area, in that case the Contractor will prepare appropriate documentation to
protect the environment upon which he will obtain permit for working.
5
The locations for disposal of the waste generated in the construction phase will be defined in the final design.
6
Contractors will be obligated to prepare Project for executing of the works, which will define the quality, sources of supply of
raw materials, management etc.

30

Water supply will be made with bottled water and by using tanks to carry water to meet
the sanitary needs of workers.
The required amount of water depends on the workload and the weather conditions, and
thats why it cannot be accurately determines the consumption of drinking water and
water for sanitation needs. Also, water will be required for spraying the access roads and
washing the machines. The required amounts of technical water cannot be determined at
this stage.
The working activities on the local road will be carried out only during the day so as not to
use electricity for lighting of the section.
The construction machinery will use diesel as fuel, in amounts that will depend on the
dynamics of the construction activities
As auxiliary materials for the extension and reconstruction of the section will be used:
- Fuel;
- Motor oil for the mechanization;
- Lubricating oils for the mechanization etc.
The total amount of these auxiliary materials cannot be determined and will depend on
the pace and workload.
Other auxiliary materials that will be used during the extension and reconstruction are:
pipes, tires, spare parts for the machinery etc. Their volume cannot be accurately
determined at this stage.


31

5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE PROJECT AREA
The activities of the project "extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway,
right carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci-
Gevgelija" will take place at the location of the existing motorway section near settlements
Negorci and Mrzenci. Closest settlement near motorway A1 (E75) along the section
Negorci-Gevgelija is v.Mrzenci, which is at a distance of about 200 m from the respective
section of the highway. Along the motorway route, several buildings, agricultural crops,
greenhouses and dry land have been evidenced.
Near the project area there are no facilities that perform medical, social and educational
activities registered.
5.1 Geological characteristics of the terrain
The geology of the wider area generally is represented by:
Unbounded rocky masses
The part of the quarterly-alluvial sediments belongs to this group: sands and gravels,
diverse granulate with singles.
Half-bounded rocky masses
Clayey and dusty materials from the quarterly-alluvial sediments belong to this group.
They are characterized by lower representation in the narrower and the wider area.
Tied petrified rocky masses
The parent rocky masses that are from Triassic and Jurassic age belong to this group.
These are quarterly-alluvial sediments and have good physical and mechanical properties
with good bearing characteristics.
In most of the motorway route and beyond, parent rock mass are the diabases, which
build up the largest component of Paleorelief and alluvial sediments along the river
Vardar. The diabases are characterized by good physical and mechanical properties, and
good bearing characteristics.
The largest area around the motorway is represented by diabases rock, expressing the
paleo landscape along the Vardar river bank.
Diabases have good mechanical characteristics and serve as well underbase and
foundation for construction of roads.

32

Figure 19 Geological map of the area (Negorci-Gevgelija)
5.2 Hydro-geological characteristics of the terrain
Represented litho logical members, according to their hydro-geological function can be
divided into: hydro geological collectors, hydro geological conductors and hydro
geological insulators.
According to the hydrodynamic characteristics and the conditions that are dominant in this
type of aquifers environments, a compact formations with free level of groundwater was
developed.
Aquifer is formed in the terraces of river Vardar and it nourishes from the rainfall, and also
has direct transmissibility of river Vardar. As for the groundwater level, it ranges from 4.0
m to 10.0 m and has small fluctuations. According to yield, the ground belongs to the
group of fields with good yield.
Because of the unbounded litho logical units registered with depths over 10 m and their
collection characteristics, hydro geological parameters of the groundwater are with high
values.

33

- Hydro-geological collectors
Sands and gravels belong to this group , which have a coefficient of filtration from n x 10
-2

m/s to n x 10
-5
m/s.
They developed well with free groundwater level and it is compact type.
- Hydro-geological conductors
Clayey and dusty materials belong to this group, with a coefficient of filtration from n x 10
-5

m/s to n x 10
-7
m/s.
- Hydro-geological insulators
Dusts and clays belong to this group, which are featured with good density and plasticity
and firmly bound petrified rock masses-diabases and they are with waterproof barrier and
have insulating capabilities. The coefficient ranges from n x 10
-7
m/s to n x 10
-9
m/s.
With the construction activities, the hydraulic characteristics of the environment will not be
changed.

Figure 20 Hydro-geological map of the wider area
5.3 Categorization of ground by engineering-geological features
Based on the features presented in the field of geological engineering-geological and
hydro geological characteristics of the terrain, it belongs to the following categories,
according to construction standards, G.N.200:
Part of sandy-gravel materials with clay binder of alluvial and Proluvial sediments, they
belong to category III, mining can be done manually or with easy machinery

34

Part of tightly bound petrified rock masses-diabases that are on the ground, belonging to
category VI and VII. Partitioning is done by machines but only in surface areas with
explosives into the deeper parts.
5.4 Geomorphological characteristics
Field, geo-morphological represents a plane, which is part of Gevgelisko field. North and
east is the plain of transitions and rocks from Trijaska and Jurska age. The terrain is
characterized by disaggregated morphology. Most of the alluvial proslojci is located on
the western peripheral parts on the valley of rivers Sermeninska, Kovanska, Zuica and
Old River, which are characteristic for the tributaries of the right bank of the river Vardar.
On both sides of the river Vardar, in the lowest parts of the valley has a large area
covered with tiered storage material. Tectonics units the field, mostly associated with
Alpine and Hercins orogenesis. The field belongs to the Vardar geotectonic unit, where
not registered tectonic appearances and processes.
5.5 Pedological characteristics
The presence and distribution of soil types in the highway corridor is given according to
village "Soils of the Republic of Macedonia" (Filipovich 1997-2004). Along the Vardar
River alluvial soils are distributed in the middle part of the valley which extends to 100 m
asl The layers of this soil are well aligned. They are water permeable, and have good
capacity for water leakage. Alluvial soils containing low humus (below 1%) There are
many types of alluvial soil depending on certain special features. Such variations are
sorted alluvial fine carbonates, shallow alluvial soil of gravel material, alluvial soil,
covered. The most common are alluvial fine sorted carbonates, alluvial shallow soil of
gravel material, alluvial soil, covered. The most common are sorted fine alluvial soils,
alluvial covered soil. The most common are fine sorted alluvial soils. Anthropogenic soils
are distributed in the agricultural area of the highway, because their genesis is exclusively
associated with anthropogenic activities. Rigosolite is soil that is formed by human
intervention in grape trees and orchards.
5.6 Characteristics of the landscape
Based on the features presented in the field of geological engineering-geological and
hydro geological characteristics of the terrain, it belongs to the following categories,
according to construction standards, G.N.200:
Part of sandy-clay materials gravel binder of alluvial and proluvial sediments belong to
category III, mining can be done manually or with machines easier.
Part of tightly bound petrified rock masses-diabases that are on the ground, belonging to
category VI and VII. Partitioning is done by machines but only in surface areas with
explosives into the deeper parts.
The project area is a landscape unit under strong anthropogenic influence. It is flat and
fertile area where are performed intensive agricultural activities. Characteristic feature of
this landscape unit is the presence of human settlements and commercial complexes.

35

Figure 21 Hill Mrzenci near v. Mrzenci
5.7 Permanent Water Resources
Rational use, maintenance and protection of water resources are the basis for the
Sustainable Development of Society. Watersheds of rivers, reservoirs, lakes, springs and
groundwater, i.e. all water resources as basis for water supply, industry, energy and
irrigation, are exposed to polluting processes. Surface waters are contaminated by direct
discharge of effluents from sediments, and groundwater pollution indirectly, as a result of
seepage of pollutants in soil.
The territory of the municipality Gevgelija lies of the basin of the lower course of the river
Vardar, which is the most important watercourse that drains surrounding surface water
and groundwater. Vardar River is at a distance of about 700 m (airline) in the southern
section (near the area Mrzenci) and 2,5 km from the starting point of the section Negorci-
Gevgelija. Larger streams flow into the river Vardar such as: Dry, Horse, Mrzenska,
Kovanska, Zuica, Petrushka and river Javorica. Tributaries of age are relatively small
because some of them through the dry summer, as exemplified by Mrzenska river that
passes under the respective section of highway Negorci-Gevgelija.

Figure 22 River Mrzenska dries out during the summer period

36

The territory of the municipality is characterized by a lack of spring and groundwater. The
average yield of the springs ranges from 1 to 3 l / sec, and sources with higher yield are
observed.
Near the Project area, section Negorci-Gevgelija, pipelines of water supply systems,
systems of irrigation with different diameter pipes and sewage pipes are passing under
the motorway. (Figure 23).

Figure 23 Location of water supply, irrigation and gas pipeline, passing under the motorway
The municipality has rich sources of mineral and thermal water. One of the most famous
mineral water springs are located in the tourist site Smrdliva water (Figure 25 a.) With a
yield of 0,2 l / sec, temperature 110 C and Mineral Water with yield of 1 l / sec and a
temperature of 4C. While the Negorska spa only 4 km from Gevgelija and near the
village Smokvica are rich sources of thermal water. In Negorska spa (Figure 24, B) Hyper-
thermal there are two natural springs, with temperatures of 41C and 36C, and thermal
blato with a temperature of 400C.

a. Spa Negorci b. Smrdliva Voda
Figure 24 Thermo- mineral springs near Negorci

37

The hydro graphic structure of the extended area includes reservoirs in Bogorodica, after
that Toplec, DOS and other.

Figure 25 Water-economy areas in the Republic of Macedonia
In accordance with the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia, 2004 and the National
Water Strategy 2012-2040, adopted in 2012 in the wider environment of the project area
is planned construction of hydropower plants and Gjavato Gevgelija.

Figure 26 Existing and planned hydro - power plants
7

7
Source: National Water Strategy

38

5.8 Climatic characteristics of the area
The climate in Municipality of Gevgelija is characterized as continental and
Mediterranean, which throughout the year is characterized with very warm days.
Gevgelija has more than 240 sunny days per year, with an annual amount of 2,392 sunny
hours, one of the largest in the country.
The average annual temperature is 15.7C for 2007; the average annual minimum
temperature is 4.2C in the winter months, while the average maximum annual
temperature is 28.6C.
Table 2 Average temperature values in Municipality of Gevgelija
2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Average
Gevgelija 7,4 7,7 10,6 14,7 20 25,5 28,6 26,7 20,1 14,9 8,1 4,2 15,7
The highest maximum temperature was measured in July 2004, 44.6 C, and the lowest,
from -16 C were measured in December 1999. The average annual amount of
precipitation is 649 mm/m3. The biggest quantity of rain falls in the months from October
to November, while the most arid are July and August. Average number of days with
snow cover is 4, and 7 days with fog. The average relative humidity is 69%. Humidity
decreases from January to August, and then again has a tendency to increase.
Most characteristic for this region are winds. Due to its geographic location and because
of the natural characteristics of the location could be found constant air flow in different
directions. The most important are winds Vardarec and South. Vardarec occurs from
north, south and southeast direction and blowing through the year, more frequently in
winter months (224 ). During the winter the Vardares decrease the temperature and in
summer increases the evaporation. The South wind is hot and usually blows mostly in
spring and in autumn. Along the Sermeninska and Samovilska river from Kozuf in
summer and winter months blows northwest wind with maximum frequency of 136 . The
Southeast wind with frequency of 101 and the south wind with frequency of 73 . The
average wind speed is about 5.5 m/s. The distribution of wind (wind rose) is given in the
figure below.
In the projected area the wind has annual average speed of 5.6 m/s calculated at 100 m
above ground.
During the winter months, more frequent are north winds, which are sudden and strongly
influence the meteorological conditions. In summer there is a circular spatial movement of
marine winds caused by day while at night occurs north wind is steady. From the eastern
parts, and the mountains that stretch on west occurs "nozzle effect" effect of jet that also
boosts airflow.

39

Figure 27 Climatic map of the Republic of Macedonia

Figure 28 Rose of winds

40

5.9 Existing road and communal infrastructure
Across the territory of Municipality of Gevgelija passes trans-European highway E75 (part
of Corridor 10), which begins in Helsinki, passes through Germany and Czech Republic,
then across Macedonia and Gevgelija and on south ends in Greece Republic. Highway
(Figure 30) allows quick access to Skopje and the big Balkan trade and port center of
Thessaloniki. Very important is the position of the border with Greece, also as the
possibilities for locating of the commercial facilities that require transport of raw materials
and products, and the nearby port of Thessaloniki is a significant advantage.

Figure 29 Part of the motorway 1 (75) near Gevgelija
Geographical position of the Municipality of Gevgelija through which passes the more
frequent road in the country, the magisterial road E-75, an important factor for local
economic development, especially the transit tourism, in which a central position has the
city of Gevgelija and crossing border Bogorodica.
Upon construction of the motorway Demir Kapija-Gevgelija, still remains the extension
with the rehabilitation of existing lane, another section Smokvica-Gevgelija.
The local road network in the Municipality Gevgelija is relatively good. The total length of
roads is 65 km, of which 63% are paved. The total length of bridges on local roads is 174
m. The regional road links are good and all 17 settlements in the municipality are properly
connected to the road network and are in good condition.
Road line infrastructure includes existing road Demir Kapija-Gevgelija, regional road
Udovo-Dojran with branch to Strumica and Gevgelija-Bogdanci-Dojran (regional road R-
103, R-111, R-112 and R-604) and numerous local roads.

41

Figure 30 Roads infrastructure in the Municipality of Gevgelija
Especially interesting is probing the traffic towards the western part of the country, from
Bitola across Mariovo to Gevgelija as a traffic route linking the eastern and western parts
of the Republic of Macedonia, which also integrates the most important tourist areas as
part of the circular turistic magistral in Macedonia.
Gevgelija has a short and quick access to two airports - Thessaloniki, which is located
only 70 km away and the airport in Skopje, 155 km away.
Gevgelija passes through railways Thesaloniki - Gevgelija which is the main rail link
between Skopje and Thessaloniki. In addition to passenger traffic through this railroad run
a significant part of international rail transport.

Figure 31 Railway corridors
In the broader scope of interest of the Project, passes overhead lines Dubrovo-
Thessaloniki (400 kV) and Valandovo-Gevgelija (110 kV).
Negorci - Gevgelija

42

Figure 32 Electricity distribution networks and hydro/thermal power plants in the Republic of
Macedonia
8

The route of the pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki passing near the intersection Smokvica-
Prdejci

Figure 33 The route of the oil pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki

8
Source: Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia.

The route of the oil pipeline


43

Also near the village Prdejci passes the part of the irrigation system, "South Vardar
Valley", which is used for irrigation of agricultural lands near Prdejci-Negorci. The route
passes near the pipeline and water supply system for rural areas.

Figure 34 System for irrigation South Vardar Valley
5.10 Biodiversity
Municipality of Gevgelija has a significant wealth of natural resources including forests,
geothermal springs, Mountain Rivers and clean environment. Project area or motorway
section Negorci-Gevgelija is located near the railway. A special feature of this biotope
located between road corridors is frequent presence of a specific type of natural
vegetation dictated by anthropogenic influence. There are neophytes together with local
plants. Some of the communities of plants are adapted exclusively along the road. These
areas of the road corridor are: Geranio-Silybetum mariani Oberd. 1954, (characteristic for
the margins of roads and railways), Lolio-Plantaginetum commutatae H-ic (1934) 1963
and Sclerochloetum durae Br.-Bl 1931 (typical for rigid soils along roads and streets).
Because it is not specific for this area, they do not have relevance to the overall
biodiversity of the region.
Along the route there are thermophile mixed evergreen and deciduous forests or shrub
lands belonging to the Europeansubmediterranean and sub-Macedonian-Thracian area.
This is the dominant type of vegetation that determines the characteristics of the sub-
Mediterranean hilly forest landscape.

44

Along the subject section of the motorway Negorci-Gevgelija, could be met high stemmed
woody plants, blackberries, reeds, wild figs, vineyards and low shrubs. There are no
significant species of flora and fauna along the route and its surroundings.

Figure 35 Existing vegetation along the section
The characteristic plant community is Coccifero-Carpinetum orientalis which implies
dominance of Carpinus orientalis. However, in degraded zones Kermes oak is the
dominant species and it is characterized pseudomaquis. The current dominance of
Kermes oak over Carpinus orientalis a secondary feature, created for anthropogenic
influence in the last period. People exploit deciduous trees (such as Carpinus orientalis,
ash and white oak), resulting in an increased abundance of evergreen species,
particularly the Kermes oak, juniper and Greek Phillyrea media.
Along the section is agricultural land, including land planted with crops, vineyards,
greenhouse complexes, as well as meadows and fallows (uncultivated land).

Figure 36 Cultivated land

45

This area is rich in reptiles, but some most common species of lizards and snakes
(Coluber caspius, Elaphe quatourlineata etc.). From most common amphibians is the
Toad (Bufo viridis). Also included are the types of orthopterans and hemipterans. Very
often, daily butterflies live in this area.
From wildlife all animal species are present, characteristic for most of the Balkan:
Peninsula wolf (Canus lupus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fox
(Canis vulpes), pheasant (Phasianus colchicus colchicus), Polish partridge (Alectoris
graeca), rocky (Perdix Perdix), hawk (Accipiter gentillis), chamois, wild cat, badger,
squirrels and various types of snakes.

Perdix perdix- Polish partridge Lanius collurio-Red-backed Shrike
From birds in the vicinity of the project site the following representatives can be found:
Nycticorax nycticorax-night heron and Ardeola ralloides-Yellow heron, Egretta garzetta-
small white heron Egretta alba-and great white heron, Ciconia nigra-Black Stork Ciconia
ciconia-and white Stork, Circaetus gallicus-eagle and snake Hieraaetus pennatus-Dwarf
eagle, Aquila heliaca-Imperial eagle, Circus cyaneus-Poland harrier and other types
Circus, Accipiter brevipes-Kratkoprst hawk, Buteo rufinus-leafy gluvchar, Falco naumanni-
steppe and kestrel Falco vespertinus-Evening kestrel, Falco cherrug-Hunting Falcon,
Perdix perdix-Poland partridge, Burhinus oedicnemus-M.Churulin, Bubo bubo-large owl,
Caprimulgus europaeus-Night swallow, Coracias garrulous-Modrovrana, Dendrocopos
syriacus-and Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius-Middle pied woodpecker, Lanius
collurio- Red-backed Shrike, Lanius senator-European Shrike and Lanius minor-Small
gray strache.
River Mrzenska most of the year dries out and does not have significant biodiversity.

Figure 37 River Mrzenska

46

The surrounding of the larger Project area is covered by forest with natural poplar and
willow, including large solitary trees and shrubs are mainly located on the banks of the
Vardar River and watercourses. Riparian forest is a habitat where nesting numerous
singing species and predators like woodpeckers: Falco subbuteo and Accipiter brevipes,
while farther north, in the areas of municipal Negotino and Veles, a residence on Imperial
Eagle Aquila heliaca and still preserved territories for nesting in this habitat. In the
southern area the well-known and artificial sand pits. At these sites, in 2008, a large
colony of Riparia riparia was established.
In most natural river habitats: areas of sand, gravel and mud banks are exposed in the
summer, but flooded in rainy periods. Some old or temporary river beds also hold water in
summer and attract many birds. Flat islands in the river offer opportunities for nesting of
Common Tern (especially Sterna hirundo and Sterna albifrons) and aquatic birds such as
Charadrius dubius (medium Pescara) and Burhinus oedicnemus (Churulin), while banks
and shallow water areas offer provide food conditions for these birds. Zeravs, storks,
Kormorans, ducks, gulls and other waterfowl, here find favourable habitat with food and
winter.
Grassland in the plains (at least in winter) show extraordinary wealth surfaced with
singing bird species such as Melanocorypha calandra, Galerida cristata, Miliaria calandra,
Carduelis cannabina and Saxicola torquata. Special guest in the winter in this dwelling
supposing there are bushes and hedges, is a rare species Lanius excubitor.
Because the Vardar valley is an important migration route for many species of birds can
be found in the highway corridor. Vardar River is an important bio-corridor for migrating
birds.
In Chapter 11, Appendix 3, attached species were recorded in the area Vardar Valley,
and in the interest of protecting and classified according to EU Directive 409/79 on birds
or included in the SPEC category 1 or 2 by BIRDLIFE International.
5.11 Cadastral data in the project scope
In the available documentation needed for the preparation of this document, there are no
cadastral data for the project scope.
The envisaged project activity, extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway,
right carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci-
Gevgelija will be performed in the length of 3,427 km, starting from chainage km
1153+050.94 to 1156+478.15.
5.12 Description of the social environment in the project area
5.12.1 Socio demographic profile
The Municipality of Gevgelija is located on the south part of Republic of Macedonia which
is bordering the Republic of Greece. Spread on 485 km2, it represents a port through
which the Macedonian section of road and rail traffic of the Pan - European Corridor 10
passes.

47

The centre of the Municipality of Gevgelija is located in the largest urban settlement, city
of Gevgelija. The city has received this status back in 1886, although in its near vicinity a
small urban settlement existed since ancient times.
After the WWII the population in this municipality is on the rise. The population data from
the last successful Census from 2002 are presented on the following Table.
Table 3 Demographic data of the project area

Source: State Statistical Offices website
Almost 2/3 (68.2%) of the population in the Municipality lives in the urban settlement (the
city of Gevgelija), while the remaining third of population inhabits the compact rural
settlements located in vicinity of river Vardar, as well as along the Corridors X traffic
infrastructure.
According to the estimation of population that the State Statistical Office is producing
annually on the 31.12.2011 in the municipality of Gevgelija lived 22907 people, of which
11577 were female. That is a slight decline in population compared to the last
successfully realized Census in 2002, and those before it. The migration rural urban is
draining the villages remote from the urban areas, while the youth from Gevgelija
migrates to Skopje for a better job opportunity. Additionally, like in most parts of the
country, the birth rate also declines, i.e. there are less new-borns, imposing the
decreasing trend line of population.
The following figure shows the gender composition of population in Municipality of
Gevgelija, by age groups of five years.

Project settlements 2002 female
Gevgelija
15685 8150
Mrzenci
461 230
Negorci
2047 997
Municiaplity of Gevgelija
Population
22988 11568
Houseolds
7221
Appartments
9292

48

Figure 38 Gender constitution of the population in Municipality of Gevgelija

It is obvious that the decrease of the population in the municipality will initiate other social
issues and consequences. The most evident shall be those consequences in Education,
whereas the number of pupils is expected continuously to decline. The following table
indicates the current situation with pupils in the Municipality of Gevgelija.
Table 4 Number of pupils in Municipality of Gevgelija for 2011/12 school year

5.12.2 Socio-economic profile
The rural settlements in the Project area have easy and quick access to the city of
Gevgelija which is used on a daily basis for economic communication with the city. Some
of the rural residents found their livelihood within the urban community.
The unemployment figures in the Municiaplity ranges 22-25% which is very low compared
to the national figures that ranges ca.31% of the total available workforce. But,
disproportional is the unemployment in the rural settlements of the municipality which
Gevgelija
2011/2012
total
students
female
Primary Schools 1074 518
High Schools 1897 946

49

ranges 37-40% of all unemployed. This figure, on the national level is 32% of the total
number of all unemployed. In other words, the figures of unemployed that live in rural
areas are higher than average national figures.
Table 5 Unemployment in Gevgelija

Source: Website of Employment Agency of RM
The employed people are working mainly in service and food processing industries. Food
processing enterprises that conserve fruit and vegetable are active for decades. They
export their goods to domestic and foreign markets. Significant surface area is under
hothouses, while distribution and purchasing centres used for food processing often serve
also for gross buy out of the agricultural products and its export to foreign markets. The
production of wine, winter supplies (by traditional recipes), fruit juices, jam and other
sweet deserts, as well as other food products is realized in enterprises such: Vori, Diem-
GP, VINOJUG, Rigo Impex, Kopanov, Pascalin Company, Zora Sped, Pajdakov, Altra,
Zhito Prom, Vipro etc.
The other production capacities located in the Municipality of Gevgelija are Konti
Hidroplast, Hartplast, Interkonstraksn, Tehnoplast, Gemma Plast - KM and 7th November
(production of plastic products), Mansard (production of construction materials),
Dimbafens (fences), several textile plants and other.
In the moment, the Municipality of Gevgelija is investing the Technological and Industrial
Development Zone.
Municipal infrastructure Gevgelija currently is preparing the Technological Industrial
Development Zone, which is located in the project area, next to the highway and village,
Prdejci, on area of about 90 ha.
The dominant activities in the municipality are service activities. Accurate image of the
activities in which population of the municipality of Gevgelija realize its labour is given in
the following table where the number of active enterprises, by sector of activity, as of
31.12.2011 is stated.
Almost quarter of all active enterprises in the municipality carry out some kind of
production (agricultural, mechanical, etc.). Nearly one-third of all active enterprises carry
out completely commercial activities, while one in eight, belong to the transport sector.
The last quarter of companies active in the field of services include tourist facilities, civil,
administrative and communal services.
Gevgelija total rural
rural
participation
31.12.2012 2765 1029 37,22%
31.12.2011 3028 1180 38,97%
31.12.2010 3414 1388 40,66%
31.12.2009 3725 1412 37,91%
31.12.2008 3459 1343 38,83%

50

Table 6 Active enterprises in the Municipality of Gevgelija, by sector of activity

Micro enterprises represent less than 60% of the total number of active legal business
entities, while about 40% are small enterprises. Medium and large represent enterprises
are ca. 1% of the Total number of all active enterprises (1212) in Gevgelija.
The favourable geographic and climatic conditions in the municipality allow increased
agricultural activity, while irrigation of the agricultural land is properly regulated on
municipal and micro level-among the users of the service. The last Census of Agriculture
in 2007 shows that in Gevgelija there are 2637 individual agricultural holdings that
perform irrigation on total of 1590 (ha) used agricultural area, i.e. 92% of the total number
of individual agricultural holdings, which counts 2874 individual agricultural holdings.
The following table shows basic statistical condition of the agricultural activities in
Municipality of Gevgelija, in 2007.
Municipality of Gevgelija (31.12.2011)
Total 1212
Agriculture, f orestry and f ishing 78
Mining and quarrying 0
Manuf acturing 177
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 1
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation
activities
3
Construction 40
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 419
Transportation and storage 162
Accommodation and f ood service activities 9
Inf ormation and communication 8
Financial and insurance activities 4
Real estate activities 11
Prof essional, scientif ic and technical activities 76
Administrative and support service activities 8
Public administration and def ence; compulsory social security 4
Education 17
Human health and social work activities 46
Arts, entertainment and recreation 18
Other service activities 48
Activities of households as employers 0
Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies 0

51

Table 7 Agricultural statistics in Municipality of Gevgelija
Of these 2874 individual farm work 7004 people which is 30% of the total population of
the municipality. Compared with national terms, this percentage is higher because the
national rate of population active in agricultural activities is 23%. This feature outlines the
municipality as significant agricultural, i.e. agricultural activities have a stake in the source
of livelihood. Most of the active members of the individual agricultural holdings are
occupied with cultivation of crops and plantations (73%), while 1.2% of active members
reared animals. The combined method of engagement of members of individual
agricultural holdings (growing crops and livestock) covers 23% of the agricultural labour
force. Only 2.7% of the population that works on individual agricultural holdings work only
for other people.
5.12.3 Urban profile
The villages in the project area, Negorci and Mrzenci, are urbanized with all necessary
utility infrastructures: water, electricity, telephone and road network that is in quite utilized
condition. Mrzencis Project for sewerage system is in process of creation.
At about 250 meters from the overpass near Prdejci, (1153+501) in direction towards
Gevgelija, built under the highway passes sewage pipeline
5.12.4 Socio-cultural profile
The ethnic composition in Gevgelija is almost homogeneous, i.e. as Macedonians in the
last census (2002) are reported as 97% of the total population, while only 1.6% and
0.93% are reported as Serbs, Vlachs and almost all are of Christian Orthodox confession.
The long period of population in these areas can be recognized in the archaeological site
Vardarski rid (Vardars Hill), and Lower-Vardars necropolis from the Iron Age. At these
locations, in many colours and varieties, are found archaeological objects and structures
which only reveal the cultural dynamics of the community. These testimonies of artistic,
spiritual and casual life of the settlement Vardarski Rid, as well as other five areas are
displayed in the permanent exhibition at the National Archaeological Museum in
Gevgelija.
Number of individual
agricultural holdings:
2874 2480 Total area of utilised agricultural land
Industrial crops 10 2339 Utilised agricultural land, total
Cereals 1311 1499 Arable land, gardens and kitchen gardens
Fodder crops 468 37 Meadows
Vegetables 1333 42 Pastures
Flowers and decorative plants 112 144 Orchards
Orchards 299 617 Vineyards
Vineyards 1696 (ha)

52

As important cultural events in the community Gevgelija can be considered the following
events: Children's Music Festival "Kalinka", International Art Colony "Apolonia" and other
local cultural events.


53

6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE PROJECT
The analysis of the environmental impact of the Project takes into consideration all
expected changes, negative or positive, involving the environmental media and public
health, which could result from the implementation of the Project - Extending and
Reconstructing the Original Carriageway, Right Carriageway Lane on the Motorway 1
(75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci-Gevgelija. The level of change defines its
significance, which is assessed by determining the area on which the impact is present,
the duration of the impact, likelihood for its occurrence and intensity. The complete
assessment is mainly directed towards the significant changes.
The Report presents details of the expected impact of the Project and its effects on the
key receptors.
Wherever possible a quantitative evaluation of the significance of the impact was made,
by comparing the impact with certain criteria. When such quantitative assessment of the
significance of the impact was not possible, the insecurity was reduced by applying an
assessment of predefined qualitative criteria. This included assessment of the
significance or sensitivity of receptors in regard to the intensity of the expected impact.
Impact assessment process
In order to assess the impact on each environmental medium and area, a framework
covering the following steps was adopted:
- collection of data regarding the environmental status by research and monitoring,
- consultations with relevant stakeholders/actors in order to identify main issues and
to provide additional information where necessary,
- identification of resources and receptors,
- forecasting of impact,
- evaluation of intensity,
- Identification of mitigation measures.
6.1 Emissions
6.1.1 Air Emissions
6.1.1.1 Construction Phase
The project aimed at extending and reconstructing the original carriageway Negorci-
Gevgelija, includes a series of activities which are air pollution sources and generally are
due to the following:
- Removal of the existing vegetation along the construction area;
- Removal of the top asphalt layer;
- Demolition of the existing structures (bridges, underpass, fences etc.);
- Activities for the construction of the new alignment including the placing of a buffer
layer and asphalt;

54

- Handling of materials and waste;
- Transport of materials and waste;
- Erosion of materials caused by the wind;
- Workers' camps etc.
The activities shall also take place at the excavation sites, the asphalt preparation base,
the disposal sites for waste materials which will also be sources of emissions, but in this
phase of the development of the design documents, their locations is not defined, and so
the emissions from these sources are not analyzed in this Report.
The activities for asphalting the road and the use of transport vehicles and other
machines shall also generate dust, volatile organic compounds-VOC,
,
2
and
other polluters.
- Emissions of dust
Typical sources of dust emissions during the construction phase are the activities aimed
at clearing the location and removing of the existing vegetation, removing of the asphalt,
demolition of the existing structures, handling of materials, temporary waste disposal,
movement of machines and equipment, construction of new structures etc.
Significant emissions of dust are expected from the demolition of the existing structures.
At this stage of the Report, due to the lack of data in the documents available, the total
quantities of dust, generated by these activities are difficult to be assessed. The
quantities of dust emissions generated will depend on the manner the activities are
carried out, the measures applied, the state of the machines and their route of movement,
the period and the duration of the construction activities, the meteorological conditions
and also on the location on which these activities will take place.
- Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC
9
)
The asphalting process will generate VOC's emissions and these emissions will also be
generated by the combustions of fuels in the machines and in the equipment. The
quantity of VOCs emissions generated will depend on the quantities of asphalt used and
on the use of materials which contain volatile matter, as well as from the type and the
quantity of fuel.
- Emissions of exhaust gasses
Exhaust gasses (CO, CO
2
, PM, N
x
, VOC, SO
x
and heavy metals) in the ambient air shall
be emitted from the internal combustion engines in the construction machines and in the
transport vehicles, which will be used during the construction works. The rate of exhaust
gasses emissions will depend on the number of vehicles used and the strength of the
internal combustion engines, the quantity and the quality of the fuel, the condition of the
engines, the frequency of movement, the number of working days etc.

9
Volatile Organic Compounds

55

In order to establish the concentration of particulate matter and CO
2
in the ambient air, as
a base situation before starting the project activities, for the needs of this Report, we have
measured their presence at the most sensitive location along the alignment of the
motorway (near the village of Mrzenci). The measuring was performed with the instrument
DustTrak DRX (for dust) and S (for CO
2)
in May, 2013. The results of these
measurements will be the ground on which we will base future monitoring of air quality
during the construction and operative phase of the Project, in order to compare the air
quality in the current situation and the air quality during the construction and the operative
phase of the Project, and to see whether and how much the motorway affects the air
quality along the alignment, which is the subject of this Report. The location of the
measuring site, where the measuring was made and the results were obtained is shown
in the following figure:

Figure 39 Measuring point for noise, dust and
2
near the overpass at Mrzenci


56

The following tables present the concentrations of CO
2
and dust PM as measured:
Table 8 Concentrations of CO
2
measured in the ambient air
Measuring point Concentrations of CO2 in the ambient air Unit mg/m3
Mrzenci 555,48 mg/m3
Table 9 Concentrations of dust (PM) in the ambient air measured at the measuring point Mrzenci
Statistics
PM1 PM2.5 RESP PM1 TOTAL
Avg 0.041 mg/m
3
0.042 mg/m
3
0.047 mg/m
3
0.089 mg/m
3
0.206 mg/m
3

Max 2.570 mg/m
3
2.600 mg/m
3
2.760 mg/m
3
4.830 mg/m
3
14.800 mg/m
3

Max Date 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013
Max Time 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54
Min 0.006 mg/m
3
0.007 mg/m
3
0.008 mg/m
3
0.009 mg/m
3
0.009 mg/m
3

Min Date 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013
Min Time 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54
TWA (8 hr) 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.013
TWA Start Date 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013
TWA Start Time 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54
TWA End Time 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54 13:07:54
The graphic presentation of the data with regard to dust emissions at the metering point
near Mrzenci is presented in the following graph.

Graph 1 Graphic presentation of data with regard to dust emissions at the metering point near
Mrzenci

57

Conclusion: Based on the measuring it may be stated that although the metering point is
close to the motorway and close to a settlement, the values of PM
10
in the ambient air fall
within the maximum permitted concentrations for a period of 24 hours (50 g/m
3
), and are
in compliance with the Decree for limit values for levels and types of polluting substances
in the ambient air and alarming thresholds, deadlines for reaching limit values, limit values
tolerance margins, target values and long term objectives (Official Gazette of Republic of
Macedonia No. 55/05).
The above cited Decree does not stipulate the maximum permitted concentrations for
CO
2
.
Odour will be generated during the procedure for asphalting the alignment.
Impact of the air emissions
As explained above, the project activities will cause air emissions, which are expected to
cause deterioration in the ambient air quality in the project area and in its immediate
surroundings.
Along the alignment of the motorway, where the construction works will take place,
sensitive receptors which may be affected by the deterioration in the air quality are: the
local population, especially in the village of Mrzenci as the closest settlement, the users of
the motorway (the passengers) and people using local roads, the construction workers,
the farmers, the farming land and the crops.
The potential impact of the deteriorated air quality is that it may cause possible respiratory
problems and irritation of people, visual deviation (dust clouds), deposition of dust in the
immediate vicinity of the construction site in the form of dust deposits, the vegetation will
be covered with dust and the process of photosynthesis will be reduced etc.
The asphalting activities will cause odour which can cause discomfort among the local
population, the construction workers and the travellers.
Taking into consideration the anticipated activities and the sensitive receptors, the impact
on air quality is assessed as likely adverse, direct and cumulative; it may be immediate
and could also have revocable effect. With regard to the scope, the impact is local,
certain, and with regard to duration, it is a short term impact. In regard to intensity, the
impact is of medium to high intensity. The impact is also assessed as residual, and
although mitigation measures will be applied, there is high probability for the impact to
remain.
6.1.1.2 Operative phase
Taking into consideration that the alignment Negorci-Gevgelija already exists, and that it
has been used for decades for intensive motorway traffic which contributes to the
deterioration of the air quality along this section, no additional impact on air quality is
expected by the anticipated activities.

58

6.1.2 Emissions into water and sewage
6.1.2.1 Construction phase
The expected construction activities cover series of activities which are potential sources
of emissions which may affect the water quality. The deterioration of water quality will be
caused by the increased concentration of particulate matter and other polluting
substances which will be generated when the site is cleared and vegetation is removed,
during the construction activities, during handling and disposing of construction materials
and waste near the water bodies, from unwanted leakage of fuels, oils, concrete, asphalt
or direct discharge of water used for cleaning of the equipment (concrete mixer),
unsuitable management of sanitary waste water generated by the workers etc.
Water pollution may also be caused in case of accidents and catastrophes.
Water pollution may be direct or indirect, caused when polluting materials are transferred
through washed soil or polluted ground water.
Impact on water
Sensitive receptors along the section where the construction activities will take place and
which may be affected by the project activities and the deteriorated water quality are:
Mrzenska River, atmospheric waters, Vardar River which is a recipient of water from this
river, the surrounding land and the river bank and water flora and fauna.
During the construction of the bridge on Mrzenska River detention of water may appear, if
the wings of the bridge are embedded in the river bed. Indirect effect of the demolition
and the construction of bridges will be the accumulation of sediments downstream behind
the wings of the bridges, which may cause changes in the flow and in the manner of
sedimentation.
The intensity of the impact will depend on the number and the size of the bridge wings
which are located in the water bed (the more and the broader the wings the detention of
water will be greater). Having in mind that the wings of modern bridges are narrow and
usually are not embedded in the river bed and that the impact will be limited to the small
area behind the wing of the bridge, the impact of the construction of the bridges on the
water regime is not expected to be high.
The construction activities may change the existing drainage network, due to blocking or
changing the water course during the demolition and construction of the planned
structures, the bridge and the underpass.
During the construction phase, the water quality in the river may deteriorate as well as the
quality of atmospheric water in the project area, as a result of construction activities,
especially of activities carried out directly in the river bed of the Mrzenska River.
The release of significant quantities of sediments in the bodies of water, directly or
through the atmospheric waters, may cause changes in the flow of the watercourse and
may also affect the plant and animal organisms in the water and in its vicinity. The
polluting substances which may be generated from the above mentioned sources, may be

59

introduced in the surface and ground waters and may have direct impact on the physical
and chemical properties of the water and thus indirectly affect the organisms living in the
water.
The activities mentioned may also affect the water in the project surroundings. During the
construction activities on this section, it is necessary to pay special attention to the
existing communal infrastructure, especially to the water supply and sewerage
installations and the installations for irrigating agricultural land in order not to damage
them. Their position in relation to the section Negorci-Gevgelija is presented in the Figure
23.
The impact on the water caused by the project activities is assessed as adverse, direct
and indirect, cumulative, it may appear immediately or after a certain period of time with
reversible and irreversible effect. With regard to its scope, the impact is local and certain,
and with regard to duration, the impact will have short term and long term effects. In
regard to intensity, the impact is of medium to high intensity. Also the impact is assessed
as residual, which means that although mitigation measures will be applied; there is a
high probability for the impact to appear and to remain in future.
In the operational phase of the motorway, the emissions into water will be the same as
the current emissions caused by the operation of the motorway.
Impact on water
The construction of the new carriageway will reduce the green area, which so far served
for draining atmospheric water, and will increase the waterproof surface covered with
asphalt, which will increase the quantities of atmospheric water which need to be drained
from the carriageway. If the drainage structures are not constructed properly or are not
maintained properly, a flood, or erosion may occur.
If the channels and the drains are covered with waste, sludge and vegetation, unwanted
microorganisms may develop, which will cause water pollution and the spread of
unpleasant odour. If the drains are blocked with vegetation and with other types of waste
their flow capacity will be reduced which will cause overflow or floods.
Also, if the drainage network is not properly constructed, whirlpools may form at the newly
built bridge.
The impact on the water in the operational phase is assessed as adverse, direct,
cumulative, which may appear immediately or after a certain period of time with reversible
effect. With regard to its scope it has local impact and it is probable, while with regard to
duration, the impact will have long term effects. In regard to intensity, the impact is of
medium to high intensity. In this phase no residual impact is expected.

60

6.2 Generation of waste
6.2.1 Construction Phase
The activities aimed at extending and reconstructing the original carriageway lane of the
right carriageway of the section Negorci-Gevgelija, will generate the following categories
of waste: hazardous, non-hazardous, inert and biodegradable waste.
Some types of waste may be classified as a hazardous waste according to the Directive
91/689/EEC or the Decision 94/904/EEC. Certain wastes may be defined as inert or
relatively non-hazardous waste on the site, but they may become hazardous depending
on their treatment and disposal.
In the following table we present all types of waste which are expected to be generated in
the construction phase, as per the List of Waste Categories (Official Gazette of Republic
of Macedonia No. 100/05).
Table10 List of wastes
Ord.
No.
Category of waste Waste list
code
Annual
quantities of
waste
expressed in
tons or litres
Way of handling the
waste (processing,
storing, transport,
disposal etc.)
Title of the legal
entity handling the
waste and locations
on which the waste is
disposed of
(landfills)
17 Construction and demolition waste
Concrete, bricks, tiles
and ceramics
17 01
1 Concrete 17 01 01 It is not defined
at this stage
It is not defined at this
stage
It is not defined at this
stage
2 Bricks 17 01 02 -//- -//- -//-
3 Tiles and ceramics 17 01 03 -//- -//- -//-
4 Mixtures of special
fractions of concrete,
bricks, tiles or ceramics
containing hazardous
substances
17 01 06* -//- -//- -//-
5 Mixtures of special
fractions of concrete,
bricks, tiles or ceramics
containing hazardous
substances different from
those in 17 01 06
17 01 07 -//- -//- -//-
Wood, glass, plastic 17 02
6 Wood 17 02 01 -//- -//- -//-
7 Glass 17 02 02 -//- -//- -//-
8 Plastic 17 02 03 -//- -//- -//-
9 Glass, plastic and wood
that contain or are
polluted with hazardous
substances
17 02 04* -//- -//- -//-

61

Ord.
No.
code
Annual
quantities of
waste
expressed in
tons or litres
Way of handling the
waste (processing,
storing, transport,
disposal etc.)
Title of the legal
entity handling the
waste and locations
disposed of
(landfills)
Bituminous mixtures,
coal tar and tarred
products
17 03
10 Bituminous mixtures
containing tar
17 03 01* -//- -//- -//-
11 Bituminous mixtures not
mentioned in 17 03 01
17 03 02 -//- -//- -//-
12 Tar and tarred products 17 03 03* -//- -//- -//-
13 Metals (including their
alloys)
17 04 -//- -//- -//-
14 Insulation materials 17 06* -//- -//- -//-
15 Metals including their
alloys
17 04 -//- -//- -//-
16 Soil (including
excavated soil from
contaminated sites),
stones and dredging
spoil
17 05

17 Soil and stones containing
dangerous substances
17 05 03* -//- -//- -//-
18 Soil and stones not
17 05 04 -//- -//- -//-
21 Excavated soil and stones
containing dangerous
substances
17 05 05* -//- -//- -//-
22 Excavated soil not
17 05 06 -//- -//- -//-
23 Track ballast containing
dangerous substances
17 05 07* -//- -//- -//-
24 Track ballast from rivers
not mentioned in 17 05 07
17 05 08 -//- -//- -//-
25 Asbestos containing
insulation materials and
construction materials
17 06 -//- -//- -//-
26 Gypsum based
construction materials
17 08 -//- -//- -//-
27 Other construction or
demolition waste
17 09 -//- -//- -//-
12 Waste from shaping and physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastic
28 Welding wastes 12 01 13 -//- -//- -//-
13 Waste oils and liquid fuels
29 Waste hydraulic oils 13 01 -//- -//- -//-
30 Waste engine, gear and 13 02 -//- -//- -//-

62

Ord.
No.
code
Annual
quantities of
waste
expressed in
tons or litres
Way of handling the
waste (processing,
storing, transport,
disposal etc.)
Title of the legal
entity handling the
waste and locations
disposed of
(landfills)
lubricating oils
31 Waste liquid fuels 13 07 -//- -//- -//-
15-Waste packaging; absorbents, wiping clothes, filter materials and protective clothing not otherwise specified
32 Packaging (including
separately collected
municipal packaging
waste)
15 01 -//- -//- -//-
33 Absorbents, filter
materials, wiping clothes
and protective clothing
15 02 -//- -//- -//-
20-Municipal waste (household wastes and similar waste from commercial, industrial and institutional wastes)
including separately collected fractions
34 Separately collected
fractions
20 01 -//- -//- -//-
35 Garden and park waste 20 02 -//- -//- -//-
Impact caused by waste
Inappropriate handling and management of the waste generated may cause significant
impact on water, soil, biodiversity, people, etc. The inert material which will be generated
with the excavation and which will be temporarily disposed of at the site, will change the
landscape.
The impact which may be caused by the project activities is assessed as adverse, direct
and indirect, cumulative; it may appear immediately or after a certain period of time with
reversible and irreversible effect. With regard to the scope of the impact, it is assessed as
local and probable, while with regard to its duration, it will have a short term to long term
impact. In regard to intensity, the impact is of medium to high intensity. Since mitigation
measures will be applied, no residual impact is expected.
6.2.2 Operative Phase
Having in mind that the motorway will be extended with one additional carriageway lane,
during the operational phase of the project, the quantities of waste generated as a result
of regular maintenance or reconstruction of the carriageway shall increase. The
quantities of waste to be generated cannot be established at this stage, nor the intensity
of its impact.
6.3 Emissions into soil
The anticipated construction activities entail activities which are potential sources of
emissions affecting the soil. Emissions which may deteriorate the quality of soil are the

63

emissions of waste water, waste, emissions caused due to inappropriate handling of
materials, accidental leakages, air emissions deposited as a sediment etc.
Soil pollution may be direct or indirect, caused by polluting materials transferred through
polluted water.
Impact on the soil
The heavy construction activities may disrupt the geological properties of the soil
(demolition of structures and construction of new ones, utilization of heavy machines and
vehicles, transport of materials, disposal of the excavated material, construction waste
etc.); during this the soil may become more compressed, which can destroy the natural
quality of the soil and reduce its fertility. The activities for clearing the area and for
construction may result with soil disappearance due to erosion, caused by water or wind.
The project activities may pollute the soil, especially if there is inappropriate management
of waste water, waste, accidental leakage, and material handling etc., as well as in case
of accidents or catastrophes.
Soil pollution may affect rivers and streams in the project area (surface and ground
water), as well as the surrounding fertile land.
We should have in mind that the construction work shall take place in the green belt
between the two carriageways and no fertile land will be used, which reduces the
possibility for significant impact on the surrounding land (except in cases of accidents or
catastrophes).
The impacts on the soil which may be caused by the project activities are assessed as
adverse, direct and indirect, cumulative; they may appear immediately or after a certain
period of time with reversible and irreversible effect. With regard to the scope of the
impact, it is local, probable, and with regard to its duration, it will have short term to long
term impact. In regard to intensity, the impact is of medium to high intensity. Since
mitigation measures will be applied, no residual impact is expected.
It is not expected to have additional impact on the soil quality caused by the project
activities in the operational phase of the motorway.
6.4 Noise, vibration and non-ionizing radiation
6.4.1 Noise
During the construction activities various machines and equipment will be used and they
will generate noise. This will be a result of the construction activities, transport of
construction materials and waste, transport of workers etc.
The intensity of the generated noise will depend on the type of the vehicles and
equipment, the location where the equipment will be positioned during the work, the

64

number of pieces of equipment which shall be used simultaneously at the same place, the
distance between the construction site and the sensitive receptors.
The list of machines usually used for construction and the levels of noise at a reference
distance of 15 m from the source, are shown in the following table. Values in the table are
based on reference information
10
.
Table 11 Noise levels, generated from construction equipment
Sources of noise during
construction
Level of noise (dB) at 15 m
from the source
Sources of noise during
construction
Level of noise (dB) at 15 m
from the source
Air compressor 81 Drill (impact) 101
Trench digger 80 Drill (sonic) 96
Compactor 82 Generator 81
Concrete mixer 85 Rock Drill 98
Concrete pump 82 Roller 74
Concrete vibrator 76 Saw 76
Fixed crane 88 Shaker 83
Portable crane 83 Scraper 89
Bulldozer 85 Shovel 82
Pneumatic gun 85 Loader 85
Pneumatic drill 88 Truck 88
Pneumatic tools 85 Pump 76
Since different pieces of equipment shall be used at different stages of construction,
USEPA suggests the following values per stage:
Table 12 Noise levels generated at a construction site (15 m from the source)
Construction phase Noise generated at simultaneous use of all
machines
Noise when using the minimum
number of machines
Clearing the ground 84 84
Excavation 89 79
Construction 87 75
Finishing works 89 75
The spreading of noise is a logarithm function and it is expressed as:

Where:
L
eq
(ref) Equivalent level of noise at the reference distance from the source
D
ref
Reference distance from the source of noise

10
Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, FTA-VA-90-1003-06, May, 2006[2] Railroad Noise Emission Standards, US EPA
http://www.nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=20016M33.txt
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
ref ref
eq eq
D
D
G
D
D
ref L L
10 10
log 10 log 20 ) (

65

D Distance from the source
G - Terrain factor
Taking into consideration the highest values given in the previous table and neglecting the
field factor, the worst scenario regarding the spreading of noise around the construction
site is presented in the diagram shown in the following figure:

Figure 40 Noise intensity reduction per distance from the source
From the above figure we can conclude that the noise level at the distance of 100 meters
from the source is about 73 dB (A), while at a distance of 400 m, in the active period, it is
bellow 60 dB (A). The average distance of the village of Mrzenci from the alignment is 500
m.
It can be predicted that noise levels, generated at the construction phase, will be above
the national limit values in the areas where the most sensitive receptors to noise are
located. Most of the work will be carried out outside of the settlement, however in its
immediate vicinity.
The project activities will take place at the existing motorway, which already has two
carriageways on which there is traffic. There are no prior data regarding the levels of
environmental noise along the motorway. In order to establish the level of environmental
noise at the locations where the construction site will be, we have measured the level of
noise at the most sensitive locations (May, 2013) with the device Extech. The measuring
was made during the day (07.00-19.00 h). The results of the measuring are presented in
the following table.
Table 13 Equivalent level of noise and maximum values measured at the village of Mrzenci
Near the station Description of the measuring point

LAeq
dB(A)
1154+773 Village of Mrzenci 73.0
The noise measured during the visit of the section, shows values ranging from 96,4 dB
(A) max. to 36,4 dB (A) min Leq. which is not under the maximum permitted value.

66

The project area falls under the area with third degree of noise protection, as defined in
the Rulebook on the location of measuring stations and metering points (Official Gazette
of Republic of Macedonia no. 120/08).
The environmental noise level, as defined in Article 3 of the Rulebook on limit values of
environmental noise levels (Official Gazette No. 147/08), for an area of third degree of
protection, the limit values of the basic indicators for environmental noise generated by
different sources should not be higher than:
L
day
60 dB(A) L
eve
60 dB(A) L
night
55 dB(A)
According to Article 6 of the Rulebook on limit values of environmental noise levels, in
areas outside the urban areas, and in areas exposed to intensive road traffic, the limit
values are as follows:
L
day
60 dB(A) L
eve
55 dB(A) L
night
50 dB(A)
Based on noise levels measured it may be stated that the noise levels at the measuring
points are higher than the maximum limit values, as defined in the regulations.
Impact caused by higher noise levels
The construction activities shall increase the existing noise level. Receptors which are
most exposed to the higher level of noise will be the inhabitants of the villages which are
closest to the motorway, such as the village of Mrzenci and the existing fauna in the
whole project area.
The increased noise levels affect the nervous and the hormonal system which may
increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and may disrupt the cognitive function.
The impact caused by noise generated during the construction is assessed as adverse,
direct, and cumulative, it may appear immediately and will have reversible effect. With
regard to the scope, the impact has local scope and it will definitely appear, while with
regard to duration, it is a short term impact. With regard to the intensity, the impact is of
medium to high intensity. Also the impact is assessed as residual, which means that
although mitigation measures will be applied, the impact is very probable.
6.4.1.2 Operative Phase
The motorway Negorci-Gevgelija in the past decades was a source of increased level of
environmental noise. The construction of the new right carriageway lane will increase the
noise level which can occur at the traffic peak (when at the same time there are vehicles
in the three carriageway lanes), but on the other hand, the reconstruction of the road and
the possibility to mitigate the noise coming from the source, gives a high probability for
reduction of existing noise level. Also the newly built lane in future will be used for
movement of fast vehicles, so the lane which is closest to the settlement will be less used,
which means that the distance from the source will be additionally extended for 4-8
meters thus reducing the noise levels.
The noise impact in the operational phase, compared to the current situation is evaluated
as positive.

67

6.4.2 Vibrations
6.4.2.1 Construction and operative phase
In the construction phase seismic effects will occur as a consequence of the construction
activities and the presence of transport vehicles. At the construction phase the vibrations
will have the highest impact, since the terrain has a lot of uneven parts, and the
construction machines are very heavy and cause vibrations. In the operational phase the
movement of heavy cargo vehicles will also cause vibrations.
Impact from vibrations
The impact from vibrations, generated during the construction of the alignment and during
its use, is very significant in the vicinity of the settlements (due to the presence of the risk
group of receptors the people). Also very sensitive to vibrations are certain animal life
forms, which may abandon their habitats.
The impact caused by vibrations may be assessed as adverse, direct, cumulative,
immediate and with reversible effect. With regard to the scope the impact is local and
probable, and with regard to its duration, it will cause long term impact. With regard to
intensity, this impact is of low intensity.
6.4.3 Non-ionizing radiation
The planned activities are not expected to produce non-ionizing radiation.
6.5 Biological diversity (flora, fauna habitats)
The anticipated construction activities aimed at extending and reconstructing the
alignment may disrupt the structure and the function of wild species and their habitats.
The emissions to the water, air and soil may threaten the biological diversity. The noise
from the machines, the increased number of workers and their movement, the presence
of heavy machines and air pollution, may affect the nesting of birds so the easy migratory
birds and other animals may abandon the project location. This will affect the balance of
the eco-system, and this effect will be enhanced by the cutting of the vegetation found at
the project alignment.
Impact on the biological diversity
The construction work may affect the habitats of species, may cause them to lose their
nesting locations and other habitats. This will be caused by the removal of the bushy
vegetation, by the disruption of the watercourses, by blocking the movement of animals,
by visual disruptions, and agitation and hearing impediments which will be a result of the
increased level of noise and vibrations.
Moreover, the sedimentation and the possible erosion which may appear during the
construction activities and the discharge of water during the activities for reconstruction of
bridges over the rivers of Zuica and Kovanska, may disrupt the river eco-system, the
water and the river bed, causing pollution due to inappropriate handling of wastes and

68

due to discharge of hazardous materials during incidents, increased concentration of
particulate matter caused by the construction works.
It is evaluated that species and habitats along the motorway do not have high
conservation value, hence it may be assumed that specific sensitivity assessment shall
not be needed. Also the river eco-system of the Mrzenska River is not a sensitive eco-
system since throughout the year it is mostly dry.
Construction activities may impede the movement of fauna species, present in the
surroundings of the alignment.
The workers involved in the project activities may hunt the animals which are found in the
vicinity of the construction sites.
The construction activities on the motorway will have a negative impact on the
reproduction and the migration of birds. Also the construction activities may affect the
nesting and resting of bird populations.
The impact on the biodiversity is assessed as adverse, direct and indirect, it may be
immediate or it may become evident after a certain period, cumulative, with reversible or
irreversible effect. With regard to the scope, the impact is local and definite, and with
regard to duration, it is a short to long term impact. With regard to intensity, the impact on
biodiversity is of low intensity. With the application of mitigation measures, no residual
impact is expected.
The newly planned project activities are not expected to have additional impact on the
biodiversity.
6.6 Socio - Demographic Impacts
6.6.1 Land Acquisition
Physical limited activities of the project does not provide activities that will lead to changes
directly related to the settlement, which would change the way of life of the local
population, and thus to create significant demographic changes and impacts.
This project does not anticipate impact on land or privately owned buildings. This project
aims to expand the road direction which has 2 lanes instead of 3. The expansion will take
place only in the inner part between the two travel directions, which means it would not
acquire land from citizens, legal entities or the State.
6.6.2 People and Livestock Health and Safety Impact
Construction activities associated with this project will result in a temporary disruption of
normal lifestyle of the local population through:
a) Increased noise and vibration

69

Construction activities include increased noise levels which can disturb normal life in the
project area, having in mind the distance of the villages from the project location. The use
of heavy machinery in the decommissioning of the underpass and the bridges, as well as
the use of machinery for construction of new facilities during the construction phase, will
produce additional noise and vibration that can be felt in local neighbourhoods and will
disrupt the established daily life, creating thus, a higher level of anxiety.
This impact can be assessed as negative that directly arises from project activities and it
will appear with beginning of the construction activities. It is likely to occur and would be
temporary, with short-term and local range. Its intensity will be small and mitigation
measures are required.
b) Increased number of traffic accidents
The reduced flow of regular traffic due to construction activities, as well as additional
presence of heavy machinery that will transport materials / debris, will create conditions to
potential increase of the number of accidents at the projects site. Therefore the
Contractor, before beginning of any construction activity, must create Plan for Traffic
Management during construction Activities, make it available to the public and local
communities, and regularly report to the Investor on the progress of the construction
activities.
This impact can be characterized as negative, direct, and it will likely to appear with
beginning of the construction activities. It has short term and local character. Its intensity
will be small and mitigation measures are required.
c) Creation of active construction sites
Construction activities include demolition of bridges and underpass used for passage of
livestock and people to the local fields and pastures. The availability of passage from one
to other side of the highway may be temporarily restricted or disabled, so either affected
parties will have to seek alternative crossings, or the constructor will have to make
adequate passage that would not obstruct construction activities and endanger the safety
of humans and livestock when passing near the construction sites. Access of people and
livestock to the construction sites could endanger their own health and safety and the
health and safety of workers involved in the construction process. Therefore, mitigation
measures must include creation of an appropriate Plan for Organization of Construction
Site, with special attention given to the protection of construction sites from unauthorized
access of people and livestock.
The impact on the health and safety of people and livestock can be assessed as negative,
direct, possible to happen, but with a small intensity. It will be short, of local range and
temporary.

70

6.7 Social-economic impact
6.7.1 Impact on Business and Agricultural Activities
normal lifestyle of the local population through the following impacts:
- Disruption of routine economic activities and economic practices in local
businesses or agricultural activities
- Hindered access of local people to their jobs or locations of economic activity
The time for delivery of the products to the final destination will increase which entails
increased financial costs calculated in fuel and depreciation of vehicles transporting
goods across the project area, but also loss of value of agricultural products being
transported. Then, the time required to access to the agricultural farmland will increase,
whereas the most affected will be those who regularly use the highway for transport to
agricultural areas that are at a distance from their place of residence.
This impact is negative, direct, and appears delayed. It is irreversible, short-term, but will
certainly appear with low intensity, if the mitigation measures are properly followed: well-
organized flow of vehicles through construction sites, as defined in the Plan for Traffic
Management during construction activities, as well as establishing conditions in the
contract with the Contractor for hiring percentage of the required manpower for the
construction work on the project from local settlements along the project area.
The positive socio-economic impacts are expected after the implementation of civil works
and after commissioning of the section that will be reconstructed. The increased speed
and safety of transportation, as well as the immediate vicinity of the planned
Technological Industrial Development Zone Gevgelija and its access to quality
infrastructure will induce positive economic impact on the local community, from the
perspective of micro (local communities) and mezzo (municipal) level.
6.7.2 Impact on tourism
During the construction phase, there will be an increase in time needed for access to the
tourist destinations which can lead to annoyance for the tourists who pass through the
project area. But, it would not cause serious social impacts.
Improving road infrastructure will bring positive momentum to the tourists passing through
the project area. Due to the proximity of the border with Greece, the project area needs to
be exploited economically with development of location and facilities for rest /stop
/refuelling just before the border, as well as before entering the city of Gevgelija. Also, a
proper ways needs to be found out how tourists who pass through the project area to be

71

directed to the local archaeological and accommodation facilities, and the Project area is
a very suitable place for such promotion.
6.8 Infrastructure Impacts
6.8.1 Impact on Local residents
ordinary lifestyle of the local residents, hindering access to their homes due to increased
exploitation of local road by vehicles that use the local road instead of the highway. The
impact must be mitigated by appropriate measures that can reduce the increased level of
anxiety by the population.
This effect can be characterized as negative, direct and reverse, with low intensity.
Mitigation measures must be implemented in form of meetings with local residents,
Investor and Contractor, whereas the appropriate safety measures, the Plan for traffic
management and the timeline of planned construction activities will be presented.
6.8.2 Impact on road infrastructure
Construction activities associated with this project will result in a temporary increase in
traffic on local road which can suffer degradation of quality. Additionally, the volume of
traffic through Negorci as an alternative route to the highway can increase the, i.e. local
residents from other villages (Prdejci, Smokvica etc.) may use this road more frequently
than highway, just to access the city.
Local residents can be challenged for this state, thus it is recommended to implement
mitigation measures, especially on those parts where damages of the local road will be
evident. These damages must be repaired promptly, as soon as they occur.
This impact will be negative, indirect and may occur delayed. The same is local,
reversible, and can be of variable intensity.
6.8.3 Impact on irrigation, water supply, sewerage system infrastructure
Construction activities of this section of the highway should be implemented in an area
where the irrigation system is widespread on both sides of the highway. Additionally, the
intake system of fresh water to villages passes under the highway, so the contractor must
carefully access to these installations. The Contractor must timely provide the necessary
data and documents from all relevant institutions that have set these installations in order
to prevent incidents that can damage the particular installation causing delay in water
supply to fields or homes and thus causing major economic damage. Any damage caused
to the infrastructure the Contractor must fairly compensate, including damages suffered
due to interruption of irrigation.

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6.9 Socio-Cultural Impacts
This project is not expected to create significant socio - cultural impacts since the
activities are concentrated around existing highway and not spreading spatially.
6.9.1 Labour Impacts
During construction activities some problems with the health and safety of workers might
occur. Accidents that may cause injury when handling the machinery, dust and fumes can
cause respiratory and eye infections, continuous exposure to noise can lead to deafness
etc.
Measures to mitigate these impacts must, above all, follow national regulations. Then,
Occupational Health and Safety Plan, with a strong emphasis on personal protective
equipment, must be fully implemented.


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7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM
In order to mitigate the identified impacts were proposed measures that should eliminate
or mitigate the impacts. The measures at the same time may change some parts of the
project design/solutions.
Environmental management program was prepared with the aim to ensure proper
implementation of the proposed mitigation measures.
The Environmental Protection Report includes a monitoring plan to assess the level of
project implementation and effects of the implementation of measures to mitigate the
impacts.
7.1 Mitigation measures for the air
7.1.1 Construction phase
The measures which will be undertaken for mitigation of the impacts on the air include:
Contractor shall implement Plan for the organization of the construction site;
Residents /sensitive receptors will be informed of construction activities and working
hours;
Spraying the area with water to reduce the emissions of dust;
Spraying with water the road for transport of the materials ;
Heaps with material will be fenced, covered or stabilize their surfaces in order to
prevent the dispersion by the wind;
During the trucks loading, transfer and unloading of the materials have to has the
smallest dispersal of the material in order to avoid creation of a cloud of dust, and if it
is possible to set up the system for humidification;
Burning of the remains from the cleaning of the site is not allowed;
Contractor shall implement the Waste management Plan and Soil management
Plan;
The implementation of the Plan for traffic management will include:
- Reduce the driving speed in the areas with earth road (<20-40 km / h) to
minimize the generation of dust;
- During the driving out of the site, the trucks will be covered in order to
prevent the dispersion of the dust during transport;
- Set the device/station for cleaning of the chassis and wheels of trucks/
machinery of all output areas of the construction site in order to prevent
spreading of material on public roads;
- Vehicles and construction machinery should be properly maintained in
order to comply the relevant emission standards for discharge;
- Optimal use of trucks that would carry a maximum weight of materials;
- The routes of the trucks will be planned to avoid weather and roads with
heavy traffic.

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To determine the air quality in the operative phase along the route is recommended
monitoring of ambient air.
7.2 Mitigation measures for the waters and sewerage
With the aim to reduce or avoid impacts on water are recommended the following
measures:
- Demolition and construction of the bridge on the river Mrzenska to be realized in
dry season, during low flow or when the river is dried up;
- During construction activities which are carried in the river bed, to minimize the
possibility of entering waste and sediments (muddy water) in the water flow;
- The bridge to be designed and constructed in a manner that will ensure minimal
intervention and influence in the water basin;
- If during the excavation has stumble upon contact with groundwater, such sites will
be immediately closed to prevent major changes in the groundwater level and
water flow in the area;
- Application of good practices and experiences in the design to avoid the
occurrence of flooded areas, upstream of the bridges and along the surface of the
route, ie to assess whether the existing drainage systems have sufficient capacity
to accept new volumes of storm water;
- Control system for drainage and manholes in order to avoid possible floods or
accidents during construction;
- Application of asphalt and concrete can be done in dry periods to prevent leakage
of asphalt or concrete with their washing;
- During the construction is recommended to cover the drainage systems in order to
prevent them from clogging;
- Waste water produced in construction camps must not be discharged into
watercourses or channels near the project scope. On the areas signed for
construction activities will be set up mobile toilets, which will be properly handled
by an authorized company. Mobile toilets should be placed at a distance on more
than 100m from the drainage infrastructure or surface water flow;
- Protection of the river and its coastal vegetation in the area of interest, without
regulation and removal of the vegetation in order to develop self-purifying power of
rivers;
- During the design phase and implementation of construction activities to be taken
into consideration the existing networks for water supply, waste water collection
and irrigation systems, as well as pipeline and to take appropriate measures to
protect them.

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It is also recommended to apply the Soil Management Plan, Waste Management Plan,
Hazardous materials Management Plan and spill control and Emergency Response Plan.
To reduce or avoid impacts on the water in the operative phase are recommended the
following measures:
- Regular review and maintenance of drainage structures (channels, manholes and
ducts) in order to prevent covering with waste or sediments;
- Channels and ducts should not be covered with waste, sludge and vegetation.
7.3 Mitigation measures for reduce the impact of waste
With the aim to mitigate the impacts which can be caused by the generated waste in the
construction phase, it is necessary to prepare the Waste Management Plan before
starting with the construction work, in which will be highlighted the problems relating to:
location and storage, transportation and disposal of the waste.
Although the project activity refers the existing highway, where the traffic is progressing
and already is applied measures for waste management, however the integrated
environmental protection is recommended with the implementation of the following
measures:
- Preparation of the Waste Management Plans (which among other things should
include locations for placing containers along the route).
- Regular cleaning and maintenance of drainage systems
- Signing contracts with organizations for waste management along the entire
section
7.4 Mitigation Measures for reduction of the impacts on soil
For reduction of the impacts on soil are recommended the following measures:
Use of good construction practices;
Appropriate strengthening of slopes with geo-textiles;
Implementation of measures arising from the Soil Management Plan, Hazardous
materials Management Plan and leaks control, Traffic Management Plan;
During the design phase and implementation of construction activities to be taken into
consideration the existing networks for water supply, waste water collection and
irrigation systems, as well as pipeline and to take appropriate measures to protect
them.

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To reduce or avoid possible impacts on the soil in the operative phase, beside existing
measures that are implemented in the current section, it is recommended regular
monitoring of the flow of storm water, waste management and conservation of vegetation.
7.5 Mitigation measures for reduction of the noise, vibration, non - ionizing
radiation
To reduce or avoid impacts from increased noise level are recommended the following
measures:
Preparation and implementation of the Traffic management Plan on site
11
;
All construction equipment shall meet the requirements of Directive no.
2000/14/EC of EU for noise emission in the environment created by outdoor
equipment;
Construction works to be performed in the period from 07:00 to 19:00 h.;
Avoiding overlapping works, i.e. works that generate high levels of noise near the
sensitive receptors/settlements;
The equipment shall be provided with suitable devices to damp noise that
reduces sound levels and will regularly be maintained;
Choose muted or compressors with quiet hydraulic equipment during the usage
of pneumatic equipment;
Implementing the good engineering practice for noise management, i.e. disposal
of the equipment that cause more noise along the route will be on a way to avoid
the cumulative impact of noise;
Establish marked access to the site and informing drivers for the routes, parking
and recommendations for driving;
Regular maintenance of roads (and inspections) to minimize the impact of
sounds when trucks pass on the irregular surfaces of roads;
Limit the speed of vehicles in critical areas (in and outside the site).
To effectively reduce the noise that will be generated during the operative phase, during
the design phase and construction phase of the route should be applied appropriate
measures that will contribute reduction of the noise from the source, and also vibration.
These measures include:
Vertical and horizontal positioning of the road;
Covering with so-called "quiet asphalt";

11
In the Traffic Plan would be established limits of the speed for construction vehicles and machinery on site and
transportation routes to be used and organize traffic to avoid residential areas as much as possible.

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Traffic management.
Proper positioning of the road and choice of appropriate materials in its construction for
the so-called "quiet asphalt" pose one of the main measures to reduce noise at source.
By placing the asphalt with impurity of rubber can be achieved lower noise level of 3-8 dB
(A) or 50-80% compared with normal asphalt. This measure will contribute to reduce the
vibrations in the operative phase.
Also the use of stone matrix asphalt with (Stone-matrix asphalt SMA) is one of the
alternatives that contribute to building quiet asphalt.
Two layers asphalt can result in a reduction of the noise level by 3 to 4 dB (A) at a speed
of 50 km/h and 5.5 dBA at a speed of 100 km/h, compared with ordinary asphalt
12
.
To reduce the level of vibration in the construction phase are recommended the following
measures:
- Installing insulation of mechanical equipment for protection against vibration
- Limiting the hours of operation for certain pieces of equipment or operations on
sensitive locations;
- Avoiding traffic routes for transfer of materials in the vicinity of settlements.
To reduce noise in the operative phase are recommended traffic control and adjustment
of road signs near the village Mrzenci to achieve constant speed and reduce the need for
braking or acceleration, will contribute to reducing the level of noise.
In the operative phase monitoring of the noise level is recommended in order to identify
the level of noise and in accordance with the results if necessary apply the additional
measures to protect the population from the village Mrzenci, as the closest recipient of
noise along the route. If necessary, the most appropriate measure for protection of
houses is replacement of existing windows and doors with new ones, for the nearest
object to the highway, which will provide sound insulation.
7.6 Mitigation measures for reduction of the impacts on biodiversity
To reduce the impacts on biodiversity are recommended:
- Implementation of the measures for protection of the air, water, soil, waste
management and noise;
- Burning of the vegetation is not allowed, because of the protection of the habitats,
floral and animal species;
- Demolition and construction of the bridge to be made in the period when the river
Mrzenska is dried or has the smallest;
- Removing the shrubs and trees should be done in winter, out of the breeding
period of the birds.

12
NSW Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA), 2005).
12


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Also is recommended to be implemented the Waste Management Plan, Management
Plan for hazardous substances and protection from leaks and Plan for Emergencies.
The integrated approach for preservation of the vegetation along the carriage
recommended the following measures beside the fact that provided new activities for
extension of the rehabilitation carriage way would not have additional impacts on
biodiversity, flora and fauna:
- Preparation and implementation of the Management Plan for vegetation along the
route;
- Avoiding the use of herbicides that fall under or are listed below:
- World Health Organization Recommended Classification of Pesticides by
dangerous classes 1a and 1b.
- Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention, except under conditions listed in
the Convention
13
.
Only herbicides that are labelled in accordance with international standards and norms,
as the FAO Revised Guidelines on good practice for pesticides should be used.
7.7 Measures for mitigation of social impacts
Measures for mitigation the impacts in the social environment should include activities
that will be implemented in the construction phase:
- Developing a Plan for organization of the construction site;
- Developing a Traffic Management Plan during construction activities, available to
local communities and public
- Hiring a small percentage of local labour workforces for construction activities in
the project area.
- Renovation of the local roads that are damaged as a result of project activities
- Take appropriate measures to protect existing infrastructure (irrigation, water
supply, sewerage system) or applying compensation measures in case of possible
damage or accident.
- Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Plan

13
FAO (2002)

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Social Impacts
Construction Phase
Impacts Mitigation Measures
People and Livestock Health and
Safety Impact (Creation of active
construction sites)
Developing a Plan for organization of the construction site,
making it available to the local communities, as well as regular
reporting to the Investor on undertaken activities
Residual Impacts No residual impacts are expected

People and Livestock Health and
Safety Impact (Increased number
of traffic accidents)
Developing a Traffic Management Plan, making it available to
the local communities, as well as regular reporting to the
Investor on undertaken activities

Impact on Business and
Agricultural Activities
Hiring a small percentage of local labour workforce for
construction activities in the project area.

Impact on local road
infrastructure
Renovation of the local roads that are damaged as a result of
project activities
Residual Impacts Residual impact will remain after implementation of the
measures

Impact on irrigation, water
supply, sewerage system
infrastructure
Take appropriate measures to protect existing infrastructure
(irrigation, water supply, sewerage system, oil pipeline) or
applying compensation measures in case of possible damage
or accident.

Labour Impacts Compliance with national legislation and Implementation of
Occupational Health and Safety Plan
7.8 Risk management (occurrence of a disaster, accident or emergency)
Accidents and damages are unplanned events that may be caused by negligence, when
the control of activities is left out or during the natural disasters, which may result in
adverse impacts on human health and environment.
Accidents and damages that may occur as a result of construction activities may affect
the quality of surface waters, groundwater, soil and ambient air, biodiversity and the most
important health and safety of people.
The risk of accidents and damages can be caused by:

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During the construction activities and risk of injury to workers, especially during the
demolition of existing structures (bridges, fences, underpass etc.)
Increased frequency of transport vehicles on roads and divert traffic;
Increased dust emissions;
Transport of materials and the presence of materials on site that may be
explosive, flammable, corrosive, and infectious.
Improper handling and storage of materials and waste;
Possibility of intentional and unwanted leaks that can cause fires, pollution of
surface and ground water, soil, risk to human health and property and so on.
Possibility of erosion, especially during construction activities for reconstruction of
bridges;
construction works for which negligence or deficiency of data can cause damage
to material goods (this is especially considering existing water supply networks,
irrigation, sewerage network, pipeline);
To prevent these risks, before the start of construction activities, it is necessary to develop
appropriate plans and procedures as part of the technical documentation for the
realization of the activities, which will include a range of measures and activities to
prevent or reduce risks arising from this type of activity.
In the phase of preparation of Final Design of the project to be taken into consideration
the positions of the existing infrastructure systems to provide protection measures in order
to avoid any possible damage that can cause accidents.
Before the construction phase of the project the Contractor will be responsible to develop
and implement Management Plan for the site that will include:
Site Clearing Plan, marking, fencing, etc;
Plan for usage of the raw materials and defining locations that will be used as for
disposal, as well as locations for asphalt and concrete base;
Plan for organizing of labour and construction camps;
Plan for Traffic Management, which should include (location of access roads for
heavy vehicles and construction machinery, number and specification of
machinery, speed, etc.)
Fire Protection Plan;
Emergency Plan;
Plan for Health and Safety at Work.
Also as part of the technical documentation of the project Contractor need to
prepare:
Management Plan for soil, which will include appropriate measures to prevent
erosion;
Waste Management Plan;
Management Plan of hazardous materials and control of leakage.
Management Plan for soil should contain measures and techniques for managing the
erosion, before the start of the construction phase.

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Erosion Control Techniques includes:
Use of materials such as filter fences, sandbags, etc.;
Removal of soil, excavated sand to be used in the reconstruction of bridges;
Divert runoff from the site;
Control runoff through drainage and drainage stable setting;
Limit traffic on predefined routes;
Performing the construction works in periods of low monthly rainfall.
Among the other measures Management Plan for hazardous substances and leakage
control should include measures and procedures for management with contaminated
soil, which includes:
Identification of possible forms of contamination that may occur during the project
(use of asphalt, concrete, fuels, oils, etc.)
Procedures for proper storage of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with
relevant standards;
Prevention of contamination of soil during construction;
Identification, investigation and management with unforeseen contamination.
In order to prevent impacts from possible leaks are recommended:
Hazardous substances to be stored properly to minimize the risk of environmental
impact;
Storage of chemicals to be in accordance with Macedonian standards and MSDS
(Material Safety Data Sheets) requirements. MSDS requirements will be kept on
site and be available to employees and contractors;
Smaller quantities of chemicals, fuels and oils are stored in locked containers on
site;
Ensure equipment to prevent spills near the construction site for immediate
cleaning;
Do not allow any refuelling, storage, servicing and maintenance of equipment at a
distance of 100 m from drainage systems, water flows or other sensitive
environmental resources. If these activities have to be carried out on site, would
be taken all precautions to prevent their leakage or spill and leak into the soil or
near water courses;
Smaller quantities of chemicals, fuels and oils are stored in locked containers on
site;
Near the construction site to be ensured equipment for prevention of spills for
immediate cleaning;
Do not allow any refuelling, storage, servicing and maintenance of equipment at a
distance of 100 m from drainage systems, waterways or other sensitive
environmental resources. If these activities are to be carried out of the
construction will take all precautions to prevent their leakage or spill and leak into
the soil or near water courses;

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Do not allow washing of mixers with concrete containing cement or alkaline
residues from cement;
To undertake regular preventive maintenance of vehicles and construction
machinery to reduce the leakage of oils, motor oils and fuels;
The waste to be collected and sealed in waterproof containers and stored at
appropriate places to prevent any leakage causing environmental damage to soil,
surface water or groundwater;
Preparation and implementation of procedures for remediation of the
contaminated soil, which may occur in the case of transport;
To provide a system for collecting wastewater generated during construction
Monitoring the implementation of the measures.
Waste Management Plan should include:
Identifying the appropriate place for disposal of generated waste;
Identification and classification of different types of waste that can be generated
on construction sites (due to the materials used and waste generated in different
sections), in accordance with the List of Wastes ("Fig. Gazette" no. 100/05);
Establishing procedures for waste management;
The collection and transportation of the waste to be performed by an authorized
company;
To prepare comprehensive reports for all types of waste generated, which will be
available for inspection and will include information on: the quantity and
composition of waste, origin, place of delay and method of transport;
Monitoring the implementation of the measures.
The reasons for risk of accidents, damages, etc. during the operative phase are nearly
identical to the reasons for risk during construction phase.
In order to avoid these phenomena, if the company that manages the public roads, Public
Enterprise for State Roads, has not prepared the documentation for risk management, we
recommend making the following plans, which will include measures to protect the
environment and improve health and human security:
Waste Management Plan;
Fire Protection Plan;
Emergency Plan.

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Table 14 Table with the projected measures
No. Description of the measure
Objective of the measure expressed by reducing the
environmental impact
Timetable for implementation
of the improvement plan
within 5 years
AIR
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 - The Contractor shall implement a Plan for organizing the construction site;
- Residents / sensitive receptors will be informed for the construction activities and
working hours;
- Spraying the surface with water to reduce the emissions of fugitive dust;
- Spraying the transporting road with water;
- The materials will be fenced, covered or stabilize their surfaces in order to prevent
the dispersion by wind;
- During loading of trucks, transfer and unloading of materials to minimize the
possibility of emission of dust and if it is not possible to set up the system for
humidification;
- No burning of the residues from the cleaning is allowed on the site;
- The Contractor shall implement the Waste Management Plan, Soil management
Plan, Traffic management Plan.

Reducing the emissions of dust, exhaust gases and volatile
organic compounds, in order to protect air quality from
pollution and comply with the requirements and obligations
defined in:
- Law on construction (Official Gazette No. 130/09,
124/10, 18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
- Law on public roads (Official Gazette No. 84/08,
52/09,114/09 124/10);
- Law on Ambient Air Quality (Official Gazette No.
67/04 with amendments Nos. 92/07, 35/10 and
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
- Decree on limit and target values for levels and
type of pollutants in the ambient air, alert and
information thresholds; deadlines for achieving
limit and target values for specific substances;
margins of tolerance for limit value and target
value and long term objectives for specific
pollutants (Official Gazette of RM No. 50/05);
- Law on nature protection (Official Gazette of RM
No. 67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11,
59/12, 13/13);
- Law on Environment (Official Gazette of RM No.
53/05, 81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10,
51/11, 123/12, 164/12);
- Law on waters (Official Gazette of RM No.
87/08, 6/09, 161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12,
Before commencement of
construction work and
continuously throughout
construction phase
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within 5 years
23/13);
- Law on waste management (Official Gazette
No.68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08, 124/10,
09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13).
No complaints on air quality by neighbouring sensitive
receptors-residents or workers in industrial zones nearby.
WATER AND SANITATION
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 - Demolition and construction of the bridge on the river Mrzenska to be realized in dry
season, during low flow or when the river is dried up;
- During construction activities which are carried in the river bed, to minimize the
possibility of entering waste and sediments (muddy water) in the water flow;
- The bridge to be designed and constructed in a manner that will ensure minimal
intervention and influence in the water basin;
- If during the excavation has stumble upon contact with groundwater, such sites will
be immediately closed to prevent major changes in the groundwater level and water
flow in the area;
- Implementation of good practices and experiences in the design to avoid the
occurrence of flooded areas, upstream of the bridges and along the surface of the
route, ie to assess whether the existing drainage systems have sufficient capacity to
accept new volumes of storm water;
- Control system for drainage and manholes in order to avoid possible floods or
accidents during construction;
- Application of asphalt and concrete can be done in dry periods to prevent leakage
of asphalt or concrete with their washing;
- During the construction is recommended to cover the drainage systems in order to
- Waste water produced in construction camps must not be discharged into
watercourses or channels near the project scope. On the areas signed for
construction activities will be set up mobile toilets, which will be properly handled by
To avoid or minimize impacts on hydrology, water quality
and aquatic habitats, also to avoid the impact of flooding
and the risk of accidents and damages.
The performance of the project and water quality to comply
with the requirements and obligations defined in:
124/10, 18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 124/10);
- Law on waters (Official Gazette No. 87/08, 6/09,
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
- Decree on classification of waters (Official
Gazette No. 18/99);
- Regulation on categorization of water streams,
lakes, accumulations and groundwater (Official
Gazette No. 18/99, 71/99);
- Law on Environment (Official Gazette No. 53/05,
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12);
- Law on nature protection (Official Gazette No.
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
Before commencement of
continuously throughout
construction phase

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85

within 5 years
an authorized company. Mobile toilets should be placed at a distance on more than
100m from the drainage infrastructure or surface water flow;
- Protection of the river and its coastal vegetation in the area of interest, without
regulation and removal of the vegetation in order to develop self-purifying power of
rivers;
into consideration the existing networks for water supply, waste water collection and
irrigation systems, as well as pipeline and to take appropriate measures to protect
them.
- It is also recommended to apply the Soil Management Plan, Waste Management
Plan, Hazardous materials Management Plan and spill control and Emergency
Response Plan.
No.68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08, 124/10,
09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13)
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13)
OPERATIVE PHASE
- Regular review and maintenance of drainage structures (channels, manholes and
ducts) in order to prevent covering with waste or sediments;
- Channels and ducts should not be covered with waste, sludge and vegetation.
To avoid or minimize impacts on water quality and aquatic
habitats, to avoid the impact of floods in order to achieve
the requirements and obligations defined in:
52/09,114/09 124/10);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
- Decree on classification of waters (Official
Gazette No. 18/99);
- Regulation on categorization of water streams,
lakes, accumulations and groundwater (Official
Gazette No. 18/99, 71/99);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12);
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13)
Continuously during the
operative phase

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within 5 years
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
No.68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08, 124/10,
09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13)
WASTE
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 - Preparation and implementation of the Waste Management Plan Proper approach to the manner of waste management and
protection of the media and the state of the environment
and human health in order to achieve the requirements and
obligations defined in:
124/10, 18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 124/10);
No.68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08, 124/10,
09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13);
- Law on Management of Packaging and
Packaging Waste (Official Gazette No.
161/09,17/11 and 47/11);
- Law on Management of electric and electronics
equipment and waste electric and electronics
equipment (Official Gazette No. 6/12);
- Rulebook on the common rules for managing
with the communal and other types of waste
(Official Gazette No. 147/07);
- Rulebook on the procedures and manner of
collection, transport, processing, storage,
Before starting with the
continuously during the
construction

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within 5 years
treatment and disposal of waste oils, and the
manner of keeping records and submission of
data (Official Gazette No. 156/07);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12);
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13).
OPERATIVE PHASE
1 - Preparation of the Waste Management Plans (which should include locations for
placing containers along the route).
- Signing contracts with Public or private Enterprise, certified for waste management
- Regular cleaning and maintenance of drainage systems

Proper approach to the manner of waste management and
protection of the media and the state of the environment
and human health in order to achieve the requirements and
52/09,114/09 124/10);
No.68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08, 124/10,
09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
operative phase

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within 5 years
123/12, 164/12);
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
SOIL
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 - Use of good construction practices;
- Appropriate strengthening of slopes with geo - textiles;
- Implementation of measures arising from the Soil Management Plan, Hazardous
materials Management Plan and leak control, Traffic management Plan;
into consideration existing networks for water supply, waste water collection and
irrigation and to take appropriate measures to protect them.

Protection of the geology and soil erosion, contamination,
avoiding accidents and damages, water protection in order
to achieve the requirements and obligations defined in:
124/10, 18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 124/10);
No.68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08, 124/10,
09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12);
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
construction
OPERATIVE PHASE
1 Regular monitoring of the flow of storm water, waste management and preservation of
vegetation.
Protection of the geology and soil erosion, contamination,
avoiding accidents and damages, water protection in order
operative phase
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within 5 years
to achieve the requirements and obligations defined in:
52/09,114/09 124/10);
No.68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08, 124/10,
09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12);
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);

NOISE
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 - Preparation and implementation of the Traffic Management Plan on site
14
;
- All construction equipment shall meet the requirements of EU Directive
2000/14/EC on noise emissions from outdoor equipment;
- The construction works to be performed in the period from 07:00 to 19:00 h.;
- Avoiding overlapping works, i.e. works that generate high levels of noise near the
sensitive receptors/settlements;
- The equipment shall provided suitable devices to damp noise that reduces sound
levels and will regularly be maintained;
Compliance with the limit values for noise and
environmental protection, as defined in:
124/10, 18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 124/10);
- Law on Noise Protection (Official Gazette No.
79/07, 124/10, 47/11 );
- Rulebook on the permissible level of noise in the
construction

14
In the Traffic Management Plan would be established limits of the speed for construction vehicles and machinery on site and transportation routes that have to be used and organize traffic to
avoid residential areas as much as possible.
Negorci-Gevgelija

90

within 5 years
- Choose muted or compressors with quiet hydraulic equipment during the usage of
pneumatic equipment;
- Implementing the good engineering practice for noise management, i.e disposal of
the equipment that cause more noise along the route will be on a way to avoid the
cumulative impact of noise;
- Establish marked access to the site and informing drivers for the routes, parking
and acceptable recommendations for driving;
- Regular maintenance of roads (and inspections) to minimize the impact of sounds
when trucks pass on the irregular surfaces of roads;
- Limit the speed of vehicles in critical areas (in and outside the site).
- Covering with so-called "quiet asphalt".

environment (Official Gazette No. 147/08);
- Decision for deciding in which cases and under
what conditions is disturbed the peace of the
citizens by harmful noise (Official Gazette No.
1/09);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12);
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
No complaints about increased noise level from the
local residents.
OPERATIVE PHASE
1 - Adjusting the road signs near the village Mrzenci to achieve constant speed and
reduce the need for braking or acceleration;
- If necessary, to be implemented additional measure for noise protection of
the residents from the village Mrzenci, i.e. replacement of existing windows
and doors with new ones, for the nearest object to the motorway, which will
provide sound insulation.
Compliance with the limit values for noise and
environmental protection, as defined in:
124/10, 18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 124/10);
79/07, 124/10, 47/11 );
- Decision for deciding in which cases and under
what conditions is disturbed the peace of the
citizens by harmful noise (Official Gazette No.
1/09);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12);
Continuous during the operative
phase
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91

within 5 years
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
No complaints about increased noise level from the local
residents.
VIBRATIONS
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 - Installing insulation of mechanical equipment for vibration protection;
- Limit the hours of operation for certain pieces of equipment or operations on
sensitive locations;
- Avoiding traffic routes near settlements.
Fulfilment the limits defined in EU legislation. Continuously during
construction phase
BIODIVERSITY
CONSTRUCTIVE PHASE
1 - Implementation of the measures for protection of the air, water, soil, waste
management and noise;
- Burning of the vegetation is not allowed, because of the protection of the habitats,
floral and animal species;
- Demolition and construction of the bridge to be made in the period when the river
Mrzenska is dried or has the smallest water level ;
- Removing the shrubs and trees should be done in winter, outside the breeding
period of the birds.
- Also recommended implementation Waste Management Plan, Management Plan
for hazardous substances and protection from leaks and Plan for emergencies.

Preservation and protection of biodiversity by achieving
quality of the media and conditions, requirements and
124/10, 18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 124/10);
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12);
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
construction

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92

within 5 years
- Decree on limit and target values for levels and
type of pollutants in the ambient air, alert and
information thresholds; deadlines for achieving
limit and target values for specific substances;
margins of tolerance for limit value and target
value and long term objectives for specific
pollutants (Official Gazette of RM No. 50/05);
79/07, 124/10, 47/11 );
No. 68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08,
124/10, 09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13).

OPERATIVE PHASE
1 - Preparation and implementation of the Management Plan for vegetation along the
route;
- Avoiding the use of herbicides that fall under or are listed below:
World Health Organization Recommended Classification of Pesticides by
dangerous classes 1a and 1b.
Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention, except under conditions listed
in the Convention World Health organisation
Only herbicides that are labelled in accordance with international standards and norms, as the
FAO Revised Guidelines on good practice for pesticides should be used.
Preservation and protection of biodiversity by achieving
quality of the media and conditions, requirements and
52/09,114/09 124/10);
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12).

operative phase
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within 5 years
RISK MANAGEMENT (OCCURRENCE OF DISASTERS, ACCIDENTS OR EMERGENCIES)
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 Before the construction phase of the project the Contractor will be responsible to develop and
implement Management Plan for the site, that will include:
- Site Clearing Plan, marking, fencing, etc.
- Plan for usage of the raw materials and defining locations that will be used as for
disposal, as well as locations for asphalt and concrete base
- Plan for organizing of labour and construction camps
- Plan for Traffic Management;
- Fire Protection Plan;
- Emergency Plan;
- Plan for Health and Safety at Work.
- Management Plan for soil, which will include appropriate measures to prevent
erosion
- Waste Management Plan
- Management Plan of hazardous materials and control of leakage

Reduce the possibility of risk or accident during the
construction activities and keeping the quality of
environment and human health, by fulfilment of legal
requirements defined in:
124/10, 18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 124/10);
- Law for traffic security of the roads (Official
Gazette No. 54/07,86/08,98/08,64/09 161/09);
- Law on fire protection (Official Gazette No. 67/04,
81/07);
- Law on protection and rescue (Official Gazette
No. 36/04, 49/04, 86/08, 124/10, 18/11, 93/12);
- Law on Occupational Health and Safety (Official
Gazette No. 92/07, 136/11, 23/13, 25/13),
- Rulebook on minimal requirements for
occupational health and safety on working place
(Official Gazette No. 154/2008, Art.2);
- Law for Transport of Hazardous Materials and
amendments (Official Gazette Nos. 92/2007,
17/2011, 54/2011,13/13);
- Law for Health Protection (Official Gazette No.
07/07, 77/08, 67/09, 88/10, 44/11, 53/11 145/12/
10/13);
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
construction

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within 5 years
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12)
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
OPERATIVE PHASE
- Waste Management Plan;
- Management Plan for vegetation along the carriage way;
- Emergency Plan.

52/09,114/09 124/10);
- Law for traffic security of the roads (Official
Gazette No. 54/07,86/08,98/08,64/09 161/09);
81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11,
123/12, 164/12)
67/04, 14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
- Law on waters (Official Gazette No. 87/08,
6/09, 161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
- Law on fire protection (Official Gazette No. 67/04,
81/07);
- Law for Health Protection (Official Gazette No.
07/07, 77/08, 67/09, 88/10, 44/11, 53/11 145/12/
10/13);
- Law on protection and rescue (Official Gazette

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95

within 5 years
No. 36/04, 49/04, 86/08, 124/10, 18/11, 93/12);
SOCIAL SURROUNDING
1 Developing a Plan for organization of the construction site Minimization of the potential construction sites accidents, in
compliance with Construction Law (Official Gazette of RM
59/2011), and
Law on Road Traffic Safety (Official Gazette of RM 54 /00,
86/08, 98/08, 64/09, 161/09, 15/08, 128/08 and 114/12).
Before the beginning of the
Construction Phase and
Construction activities

2 Developing a Traffic Management Plan during construction activities, available to local
communities and public

Minimization of the potential and unnecessary traffic jams
as well as traffic accidents in state of limited regime of
traffic, in compliance with:
Construction Law (Official Gazette of RM 59/2011),
Public Roads Law (Official Gazette of RM 84/2008,
52/2009, 114/2009, 124/10, 23/11, 53/11, 44/12, 168/12),
and
Law on Road Traffic Safety (Official Gazette of RM, 54/00,
86/08, 98/08, 64/09, 161/09, 15/08, 128/08 and 114/12).

3 Hiring a small percentage of local labour workforce for construction activities in the project
area
Minimization of potential socio-economic impacts on
settlements in project area
Construction Phase
4 Renovation of the local roads that are damaged as a result of project activities Avoiding the degradation and lasting damages of the local
road that connects the settlements in the project area, in
compliance with:
Construction Law (Official Gazette of RM 59/2011),
Public Roads Law (Official Gazette of RM 84/2008,
52/2009, 114/2009, 124/10, 23/11, 53/11, 44/12, 168/12),
and
Law on Road Traffic Safety (Official Gazette of RM, 54/00,
86/08, 98/08, 64/09, 161/09, 15/08, 128/08 and 114/12).

5 Take appropriate measures to protect existing infrastructure (irrigation, water supply,
sewerage system, oil pipeline) or applying compensation measures in case of possible
Avoiding the potential negative economic consequences
that can arise if certain infrastructure is damaged (water
supply, sewage, irrigation system, pipeline), in compliance
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within 5 years
damage or accident with Law on Registration of underground and overhead
infrastructure facilities and associated installations (Official
Gazette of RM 06/12), and Law on Waters (Official
Gazette of RM 87/08, 06/09, 161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12,
23/13)

Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Plan

Protection of the workers and protection of environment
during the construction works on this project, in compliance
with Occupational Health and Safety Law (Official Gazette
of RM 53/2013)


97

8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) sets out the environmental impacts that
may arise by the implementation of the project activities, measures for avoiding or
mitigation the adverse impacts and clear commitments by the Client to manage these
issues. It is a written description of proposed measures to be implemented to help
achieve and maintain acceptable levels of the environmental impacts identified in the
Environmental Protection Report and a simple tool which can help the requirements of
relevant legislation and best environmental management practice to be met.
The purpose of EMP is to identify all potential adverse impacts to the environmental
media, arise by the implementation of the Project activities- extension with rehabilitation
of existing road, right carriageway of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija,
section Negorci-Gevgelija and propose mitigation measures together with corrective
action if an undesirable impact or unforeseen level of impact occurs, as well as
monitoring on the implementation of the proposed measures.
The aims of the EMP are to:
- Provide practical and achievable plans for management of environmental and social
issues which will be in compliance with National and EU requirements;
- Produce an integrated planning framework, which provides comprehensive
monitoring and control of construction and operational possible adverse impacts;
- Provide commitment by the relevant authorities for future implementation of the
mitigation measures in line with the defined time schedule and proper monitoring on
the mentioned.
- Provide the community with relevant information for the stage of project management
in an environmentally acceptable manner.
The impacts and measures are elaborated in the construction and operation phase.
The construction phase covers preparation of the project site/area for construction
activities, as well.
Environmental and Social Monitoring plan aims to assess the level of project
implementation and effects of the implementation of environmental mitigation measures.
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98

8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN-EMP
Impact Proposed mitigation measures Target Measure
Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of implementation
AIR
Construction phase
15

The construction activities will
generate:
- Dust emission,
- Emissions of volatile
organic, compounds
(VOC),
- Exhausted emission,
- Odor.
These emissions may cause
potential adverse impacts on
the ambient air quality and other
environmental media and
population in the closest
surrounding along the motorway
(especially the village Negorci)
The measures which will be undertaken for avoiding or
mitigation of the impacts on the air include:
- The Contractor will implement Site Management
Plan;
- Residents/sensitive receptors will be informed about
the construction activities and working hours;
- Water spraying of the area for reducing the
emissions of dust;
- Water spraying of the roads used for transport of the
materials;
- Stockpiles will be fenced, covered or stabilize their
surfaces in order to prevent the dispersion by the
wind;
- During the trucks loading, transfer and unloading of
the materials have to has the smallest dispersion of
the material in order to avoid creation of a cloud of
dust, and if it is possible to be set up the system for
humidification;
- Burning of debris from ground clearance will not be
permitted;
- Contractor will implement Waste Management Plan,
Soil Management Plan and Traffic Management
Plan.
-To minimize air
pollution caused
by dust and
vehicle
emissions,
-Maintenance of
air quality within
acceptable and
legal limits,
-No complaints
received from
nearby sensitive
receptors-
inhabitants.
Included in
the
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/ controlled
by the Public
Enterprise for State
Roads
Prior starting of the
construction activities and
continuously during
construction activities

15
Construction Phase will cover, preparation of the project site/area for construction activities, as well.
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Impact Proposed mitigation measures Target Measure Cost Responsible
institution/s
WATER AND SEWEGE
Construction phase
Disturbance of the water quality
will come from increased
concentration of suspended solids
and other pollutants that will be
generated from clearing of the
terrain and vegetation,
construction activities, handling
and disposal of construction
materials and waste near water
bodies, unwanted spills of fuels,
oils, concrete, asphalt or direct
discharge of water used for
washout of the equipment
(concrete mixer), improper
management of sanitary waste
water generated by workers, etc.
During the construction phase, it
may come to disruption of the
water quality in the river and storm
water from the project area as a
result of construction activities,
especially activities that will be
performed directly in the river bed
on the River Mrzenska.
Construction activities may change
the existing drainage network, as a
result of preventing or diverting
water flows during demolition and
construction of the planned
structures, bridge and underpass.
- Demolition and construction of the bridge on the river to be
realized in dry season, during low flow or when the river is
dried up;
- During construction activities which are carried out in the river
bed, to minimize the possibility of entering waste and
sediments (muddy water) in the water flow;
- The bridge to be designed and constructed in a manner that
will ensure minimal intervention and influence in the
waterbed;
- If during the excavation has stumble upon contact with
groundwater, such sites will be immediately closed to prevent
major changes in the groundwater level and water flow in the
area;
- Application of good practices and experiences during
designing to be avoid the occurrence of flooded areas,
upstream of the bridge and along the surface of the route, i.e.
to be made assessment whether the existing drainage
systems have sufficient capacity to accept new quantities of
storm water;
- Control of drainage system and manholes in order to avoid
possible floods or accidents during construction;
- Application of the asphalt and concrete to be done in dry
periods to prevent leakage of asphalt or concrete with their
washing;
- During performance of the construction works is
recommended covering of the drainage systems in order to
- Waste water produced in construction camps must not be
discharged into watercourses or channels near the project
-To be avoided
and minimize the
impacts of the
hydrology, water
quality, aquatic
habitat and avoid
possibility of
occurrence of
flood.
-Water quality and
water meet
national and EU
legislative limits.

Included in the
construction
costs

Contractor/Superv
ision/ controlled
by the Public
Enterprise for
State Roads

Public Enterprise
for State Roads

and continuously during
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100

Sensitive receptors that may be
affected by the project activities
and disturbed water quality are:
River Mrzesnka, storm water, river
Vardar as a recipient of the waters
of these two rivers, surrounding
land and riparian and aquatic flora
and fauna.
area. On the areas determined for construction activities will
be set up mobile toilets, which will be properly handled by an
authorized company. The mobile toilets should be placed at a
distance more than 100 m from the drainage infrastructure or
surface water flow;
- Protection of the river and its coastal vegetation in the project
area, without regulation and removal of the vegetation in
order to develop self-purifying power of river;
- During designing and implementation of construction activities
to be taken into consideration the existing networks for water
supply, waste water collection and irrigation systems, as well
the pipeline and to take appropriate measures for its
protection.
It is also recommended implementation of Soil Management Plan,
Waste Management Plan, Hazardous Materials Management Plan
and Spill Prevention and Emergency and Response Plan.

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101

institution/s
Operational phase
- If the drainage structures
are not performed
properly or they are not
maintained it can lead to
flooding or to cause
erosion;
- Overburdening of the
channels and culverts
with waste, silt and
vegetation can raise
development of
undesirable
microorganisms, water
pollution and spread of
odour;
- Blocking with vegetation
and other waste will
reduce or block
penetration potential of
the culverts and cause
overflow or flooding.
- Regular control and maintenance of drainage structures
(channels, manholes and ducts) for treatment of water in
order to prevent covering with waste or sediments;
- Channels and ducts should not be covered with waste, sludge
and vegetation..

To be avoided
and minimize the
impacts of the
hydrology, water
quality, aquatic
habitat and avoid
possibility of
occurrence of
flood.
Water quality and
water meet
national and EU
legislative limits
Included in the
operational
costs
Public Enterprise
for State Roads

Immediately with starting
of operation phase and
during operational phase

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institution/s
WASTE
Construction phase
As a result of the Project activities
different type of waste will be
generate:
- Non-hazardous waste,
- Hazardous waste,
- Inert waste and
- Biodegradable waste
Preparation of Waste Management Plan prior to commencement of
construction activities.
Correct approach
for waste
management and
protection of the
media and state
of the
environment and
human health
Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor/Superv
ision/controlled by
the
Public Enterprise
for State Roads
and continuously during
Operational phase
Vehicles, passenger and
maintenance of the motorway will
be source of waste generation.
Inadequate management and
handling with the generated waste
can cause significant impacts on
the water, soil, biodiversity, people,
etc.

- Preparation of the Waste Management Plans (which
among other things should include locations for placing
containers along the route);
- Regular cleaning and maintenance of drainage systems;
- Signing contracts with companies for waste management
along the entire section.
Protection of the
environment

Included in the
operational
costs
Public Enterprise
for State Roads

of operational phase and

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103

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
SOIL
Construction phase
initiate erosion of land, some
contamination of soil by occasional
spills from vehicles and
construction equipment and
improper material, waste and
wastewater management.

- Implementation of good construction practices;
- Appropriate strengthening of slopes with geo-textiles;
- Implementation of measures which will arise from the Soil
Management Plan, Hazardous Materials Management Plan
and Spill Prevention, Traffic Management Plan;
- During the designing and implementation of the construction
activities to be taken into consideration the existing networks
for water supply, waste water collection and irrigation
systems, as well as pipeline and to take appropriate
measures for its protection.
Protection of
geology and soil
from erosion and
contamination.

Included in
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/
controlled by the
Public Enterprise
for State Roads
Prior construction phase
and during construction
phase
Operational phase
Motorway traffic can initiate some
contamination of soil by occasional
spills, accidents and emergencies,
improper waste and wastewater
management.

- Regular monitoring of the flow of storm water, waste
management and maintenance of the vegetation.
Protection of
geology, soil,
erosion, water
contamination and
avoiding
accidents and
emergencies.
Included in
operational
costs
Public Enterprise
for State Roads

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104

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
NOISE
Construction phase
initiate increased noise of
activities, machinery and vehicles.
Increased noise level may cause
potential impact on environment
and population in the closest
settlement along the section
Negorci-Gevgelija (especially
village Mrzenci).

- Preparation and implementation of the Traffic Management
Plan on site
16;

- All construction equipment shall meet the requirements of
Directive no. 2000/14/EC of EU for noise emission in the
environment created by outdoor equipment;
- Construction works to be performed in the period from 07:00
to 19:00 h;
- Avoid the coincidence of noisy plant working at the same time
close together adjacent to sensitive receivers;
- The equipment shall be provided with suitable devices to
damp noise that reduces sound levels and will regularly be
maintained;
- Where using pneumatic equipment, select silenced
compressors or use quieter hydraulic equipment;
- Good management practice will be introduced to distribute
heavy noise equipment along the route so as to avoid the
cumulative effects of noise;
- Establish designated access route/s to the site and inform
drivers of these routes, parking lots and acceptable delivery
times;
- Regular maintenance of roads (and inspections) to minimize
the impact of sounds when trucks pass on the irregular
surfaces of roads;
- Limit the speed of vehicles in critical areas (in and outside of
the construction site);
Noise level meet
national and EU
legislative limits

Included in
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/
controlled by the
Public Enterprise
for State Roads

phase

16
In the Traffic Plan would be established limits of the speed for construction vehicles and machinery on site and transportation routes to be used and organize traffic to avoid residential areas as
much as possible.
.
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105

- Application of so-called "quiet asphalt".
Operational phase
The motorway traffic in operational
phase will generate noise which
can cause adverse impact on the
inhabitants from village Mrzenci,
as a closest settlement of the
motorway.

- Adjustment of road signs near the village Mrzenci, with aim to
achieve constant speed and reduce the need for braking or
acceleration,
- If it is required is recommended implementation of additional
measures to protect the population from the village Mrzenci,
i.e. replacement of existing windows and doors with new
ones, for the nearest object to the motorway.
Noise level meet
national and EU
legislative limits

Included in
operational
costs
If there is a
need for
implementation
of additional
measures
(replacing of the
windows and
doors) the cost
will be
determined
additionally
Public Enterprise
for State Roads
After first month of
operation and performed
monitoring of the noise
level

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Vibration
Construction phase
initiate increased vibration as a
result of activities, machinery and
vehicles.
Increased vibration level may
cause potential impact on
environment and population in the
closest settlement along the
section.

- Installing insulation of mechanical equipment for protection
against vibration;
- Limiting the hours of operation for certain pieces of equipment
or operations on sensitive locations;
- Avoiding traffic routes for transfer of materials in the vicinity of
the settlements.

Vibration level
meet EU
legislative limits

Included in
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/
controlled by the
Public Enterprise
for State Roads
During construction phase,
if there will be some
complaints by the affected
citizens will by submitted
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106

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Biodiversity
Construction phase
The planned project activities can
result in distortion of the structure
and function of wild species and
their habitats. Emissions to water,
air and soil may endanger
biodiversity.

- Implementation of the measures for protection of the air, water,
soil, waste management and noise;
- Burning of the vegetation is not allowed, because of the
protection of the habitats, floral and animal species;
- Demolition and construction of the bridges to be made in the
period when the river Mrzenska are dried or has the smallest
water level;
- Removing the shrubs and trees should be done in winter,
outside the breeding period of the birds;
- It is recommended implementation of the Waste Management
Plan, Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill
Prevention, Emergency and Response Plan.
Preservation and
protection of the
biodiversity by
achieving quality
of the media and
environmental
conditions

Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/
controlled by the
Public Enterprise
for State Roads
of construction phase
Operational phase
Improper maintenance of the
motorway (which includes
management of the vegetation) will
cause adverse impact of the
biodiversity.
Despite with the new predicted activities for extending and
rehabilitation of the route are not expect additional impacts on the
biodiversity, flora and fauna, than existing one, however the
integrated approach to managing vegetation along the route
recommended:
- Preparation and implementation of Plan for management of
vegetation along the route;
- Avoid the use of herbicides that fall under or are listed
under:
- The World Health Organization Recommended
Protection of
biodiversity
Included in
operational
costs
Public Enterprise
for State

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107

Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Classes 1a and 1b.
- Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention, except
under the conditions noted in the convention
17
.
It should be used only herbicides that are labelled in accordance
with international standards and norms should be used, such as the
FAO Revised Guidelines for Good Labelling Practice for Pesticides.

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
RISK MANAGEMENT (OCCURRENCE OF DISASTERS, ACCIDENTS OR EMERGENCIES)
Construction phase
The risk of accidents and damages
can be caused by:
- During the construction
activities and risk of injury
to workers, especially
during the demolition of
existing structures (bridges,
fences, underpass etc.)
- Increased frequency of
transport vehicles on roads
and divert traffic;
- Increased dust emissions;
- Transport of materials and
the presence of materials
on site that may be
explosive, flammable,
corrosive, and infectious.
- Improper handling and
storage of materials and
Before the construction phase of the project the Contractor will be
obliged to develop and implement Site Management Plan, that will
include:
- Site Clearing Plan, marking, fencing, etc.
- Plan for usage of the raw materials i.e. defining locations
that will be used as borrow pits and for disposal, as well
as locations for asphalt and concrete base;
- Plan for organizing of labor and construction camps;
- Traffic Management Plan ;
- Emergency and Response Plan;
- Plan for Health and Safety at Work;
- Soil Managment Plan, which will include appropriate
measures to prevent erosion;
- Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill
Prevention.

Reduce the
possibility of risk
or accident during
the construction
activities and
keeping the
quality of
environment and
human health
Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor
/Investor
controlled by the
Public Enterprise
for State Roads
phase

17
FAO (2002).
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108

waste;
- Possibility of intentional
and unwanted leaks that
can cause fires, pollution of
surface and ground water,
soil, risk to human health
and property and so on.
- Possibility of erosion,
especially during
construction activities for
reconstruction of bridges;
- Construction works for
which negligence or
deficiency of data can
cause damage to material
goods (this is especially
considering existing water
supply networks, irrigation,
sewerage network,
pipeline).
Operational phase
The reasons for risk of accidents,
damages, etc. during the
operational phase are nearly
identical to the reasons for risk
during construction phase.

Proper implementation of the documentation for management of:
- Plan for management of the vegetation along the
motorway;
- Emergency and Response Plan.
Protect the
environment and
improve health
and human
security.
Included in the
operational
activities
Public Enterprise
for State Roads
of operation phase and

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Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
Social Impacts
Construction phase
People and Livestock Health
and Safety Impact (Creation of
active construction sites)
Developing a Plan for organization of the construction site,
making it available to the local communities, as well as regular
reporting to the Investor on undertaken activities.
Minimization of
the potential
construction
sites accidents
/ Public
Enterprise for
State Roads/
Contractor
People and Livestock Health
and Safety Impact (Increased
number of traffic accidents)
Developing a Traffic Management Plan, making it available to
the local communities, as well as regular reporting to the
Investor on undertaken activities.
Minimization of
the potential and
unnecessary
traffic jams as
well as traffic
accidents in
state of limited
regime of traffic.
Contractor and
Supervisor
controlled by
Public
Enterprise for
National Roads/
Traffic
Inspectorate
Impact on Business and
Agricultural Activities
Hiring a small percentage of local labour workforces for
construction activities in the project area.
Minimization of
potential socio-
economic
impacts on
settlements in
project area
Contractor/
Public
Enterprise for
National Roads

Impact on irrigation, water
supply, sewerage system
infrastructure
Take appropriate measures to protect existing infrastructure
(irrigation, water supply, sewerage system, and pipeline) or
applying compensation measures in case of possible damage
or accident.
Avoiding the
potential
negative
economic
consequences
that can arise if
certain
infrastructure is
damaged (water
supply, sewage,
irrigation
Contractor /
Supervisor/
Public
Enterprise for
National Roads
of, and during the
construction phase
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110

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
system, pipeline)
Labour Impacts Compliance with national legislation and Implementation of
Occupational Health and Safety Plan
Protection of the
workers and
protection of
environment
during the
construction
works on this
project.
Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor/
Investor in
cooperation with
Supervision
institutions

of, and during the
construction phase

Community Health, Safety and Security
Construction phase
Increased Community safety
and security threat
All illegal approach to the construction site must be disabled
with proper securing of the construction site with visible sign
for construction site.
Minimization of
possible
accidents
regarding
disrespect of
legal
signalization and
level crossings
Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor Immediately with starting
of, and during the
construction phase
Economic loss due to the
construction accidents
The process of handling, storage and transport of flammable
materials must met rigorous national standards and must be
incorporated into contract with contractors. Damages caused
by such accidents must be fairly compensated by the
contractor.
Minimization and
prevention of
possible
incidents and
economic
consequences
that might
arouse from it.
Additional cost
estimation
must be
conducted that
must be
implemented
in Hazardous
Materials and
Spill
Prevention
Management
Plan and
Emergency
Contractor Immediately with starting
of, and during the
construction phase
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111

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
and Response
Plan
Labour issues and Working Conditions
Construction phase
Engagement of unskilled and
low qualified personal by the
Contractor
In order to prevent accidents during the construction phase,
the constructor must certify that his personal has attended
necessary training in Occupational Health and Safety and
possess necessary qualification, experience, knowledge and
technical skills. For engaged personal that doesnt possess
certification for passed training in Occupational Health and
Safety training must be organized.
Minimizing the
risks and
consequences
of impacts
caused by noise
at the work
place
10 per
worker taking
training
Contractor and
supervision
from, and during the
construction phase
Stress caused by noise
related working environment
Occupational Health and Safety Plan must be developed and
completely implemented. Use of personal protective
equipment (PPE) is required. Other mitigation measures must
arise from/ and be in compliance with national law and EU
Directives 89/656/EEC, 2003/10/EC and 2002/44/EC.
Minimizing the
risks and
consequences
of impacts
caused by noise
at the work
place
150 per work
place
Contractor and
supervision
During the construction
phase
Stress and personal security
caused by climate conditions
of working environment
Mitigation measures regarding this impact must be in
compliance with local labour law and EU Directives regarding
workplace conditions and personal protection 89/654/EEC,
89/656/EEC, 89/686/EEC and 2009/104/EC. Contractor must
create Occupational Health and Safety Plan with implemented
employees grievance mechanism.
Minimizing the
risks and
consequences
of impacts
caused by
climate
conditions at
work place
The price is
included in the
construction
costs and
maintenance
of equipment
(35 per work
place)
Contractor and
supervision
phase
Stress caused by exhaust
gasses related working
environment
Mitigation measure can and must be implemented. Use of
personal protective equipment (PPE) is required. Other
mitigation measures must arise from and be in compliance
with national law and EU Directives 90/396/EEC, 89/654/EEC,
89/656/EEC, 89/686/EEC and 2009/104/EC.
Minimizing the
risks and
consequences
of impacts
caused by
The price is
included in the
construction
costs and
maintenance
Contractor and
supervision
phase
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112

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
chemical
reagents
of equipment
(35 per work
place)

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113

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN - EMP
Receptor / parameter
that will be managed
Where the parameter
should be monitored?
How the parameter would
be monitored?
When the parameter
would be monitored
(frequency)?
Why the parameter would
be monitored?
Costs (EUR) Responsibility
AIR
Construction Phase
Ambient Air (PM, CO,
CO2, NOx, PAH, SO2)
Near the site, especially in
the area with sensitive
receptors (village Mrzenci)
Visual monitoring of dust
emissions

Monitoring of the air quality
(PM, CO, CO2, NOx, PAH,
SO2) in the area of sensitive
receptors (residential areas)

Everyday visual monitoring
during the preparation of
the site and construction
activities.
Once a month, during the
delivery of materials and
construction.
Compliance with the
standards for air quality and
minimize impacts on sensitive
receptors
~ 200 (by
sample)

Contractor, controlled by
Supervisor
Municipal Environmental
Inspection and the State
Environmental Inspectorate

Operative phase
Ambient Air (PM, CO,
CO2, NOx, PAH, SO2)
Area with sensitive
receptors (village Mrzenci)
Monitoring of the air quality
(PM, CO, CO2, NOx, PAH,
SO2)
Once per year Meeting the standards for air
quality and minimize impacts
on sensitive residential
receptors
~ 200 (by
sample)

Public Enterprise for National
Roads
Controlled by
Ministry of Environment and
Physical Planning
State Environmental
Inspectorate
Inspection
EMISSIONS IN WATERS AND SANITATION
Construction Phase
Quality of the surface
waters
Mrzenska river and storm
water drainage systems

Physic-chemical analysis of
the quality of surface water
(flow, turbidity, pH,
suspended matters,
conductivity, BOD, COD, oil
Once, before starting with
the activities, during the
activities conducted near or
in water courses.
It is recommended
To minimize the risk of
surface water pollution and
disruption of the water flow.
For avoidance of potential
risks to human health.
Additionally
would be
defined
(~ 300 per
sample)
Contractor, controlled by
Supervisor, Ministry of
Environment and Physical
Planning
State Environmental
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114

Where the parameter
be monitored?
When the parameter
would be monitored
(frequency)?
be monitored?
and grease, etc.) conducting chemical
analysis every month or
more frequently if there are
indications of possible
contamination.
To minimize damage to
riparian and aquatic
vegetation.
To minimize damage to
riverside and aquatic fauna.
Inspectorate
Inspection
Groundwater Quality Where there is leakage or
in the case of accident
Physico-chemical analysis
of the quality of ground
waters
If there are indications of
possible contamination at a
specific location
To determine the possible
contamination and to take
protection measures
Additionally
would be
defined

Contractor controlled by
Planning
State Environmental
Inspectorate
Inspection
Operative Phase
Quality of the surface
waters
Quality of Mrzenska river
and storm water from the
drainage system before
discharge into the recipient
Physic-chemical analysis of
the quality of surface water
(flow, turbidity, pH,
suspended matters,
conductivity, BOD, COD, oil
and grease, etc.)
Twice per year during the
first year, than if necessary
In order to determine the
residual effects from the
construction phase and
monitoring of the efficiency of
measures implemented to
protect water.
(~ 300 per
sample)
Roads
Controlled by
Physical Planning
Inspection
Groundwater Quality If there are indications of
possible contamination at a
specific location that
occurred in the
construction phase
Physic-chemical analysis
of the quality of ground
waters
Quarterly in the first year
and then annually or as
needed
In order to determine the
residual effects of the
construction phase
Additionally
would be
defined

Roads
Controlled by
Physical Planning
Inspection
WASTE
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115

Where the parameter
be monitored?
When the parameter
would be monitored
(frequency)?
be monitored?
Construction phase
Waste management Along the project area Visual assessment.
Review of the documentation
for waste management.
Daily during the
construction phase.
Proper approach in waste
management and fulfilment of
the legal obligations
Cost of
contractor
Planning
Inspection
Operative phase
Waste management Along the highway route
Negorci-Gevgelija
Visual assessment
Review of the documentation
for waste management

operative phase.
To ensure proper waste
management of generated
waste.
Environmental protection.
Operative costs Public enterprise for national
roads, authorized company
for waste management,
controlled by
Physical Planning
Inspection
SOIL
Construction phase
Condition and quality of
soil
Construction site, the
upper soil layer, stocks and
location of possible
erosion.
All places for storage of
chemicals and waste
Visual control of the location

Visual control
Visual monitoring is
required every day during
the construction phase.
Every day during the
preparation of the project
site and construction phase
Regular laboratory
analyzes in case of
accident
Minimize the erosive
processes
Avoiding contamination of soil
(surface and groundwater)
Cost of
Constructor
Contractor and Supervisor,
controlled by Ministry of
Planning
State Environmental
Inspectorate
Inspection
Operative phase
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116

Where the parameter
be monitored?
When the parameter
would be monitored
(frequency)?
be monitored?
Condition and quality of
the soil
Along the highway route
Negorci-Gevgelija
Visual inspection of the route
and drainage systems
Daily

Laboratory analysis in case
of accident
Avoiding soil contamination
(surface and groundwater)
Operative costs

Roads
Controlled by
Physical Planning
Inspection
BIODIVERSITY
Construction phase
Flora and Fauna Construction sites, sites for
storage of waste and
chemicals.
Visual assessment of
impacts on flora and fauna.
Daily Minimizing the impacts on
biodiversity
Cost of
Contractor
Planning
Inspection
Operative phase
Flora and Fauna Along the highway route
Negorci - Gevgelija
Monitoring the way of
management with vegetation
and compliance with wildlife
Continuously Minimizing the impacts on
biodiversity
Operative costs

Roads
Controlled by
Physical Planning
State Environmental
Inspectorate
Inspection
NOISE
Construction phase
Noise level in the Near the village Mrzenci Noise levels measurements If there are complaints from To determine the level of ~ 35 (per Contractor and Supervisor,
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117

Where the parameter
be monitored?
When the parameter
would be monitored
(frequency)?
be monitored?
environment the population.
When activities will be
conducted near the village

noise in the environment and
to take appropriate measures
to reduce
sample) controlled by Ministry of
Planning
Inspection
Operative Phase
Noise level in the
environment
Near the village Mrzenci Noise levels measurements If there are complaints from
the population.
Once per year.

To determine the noise level
and to determine whether
there is a need for additional
measures to reduce the noise
in the village Mrzenci
~ 35 (per
sample)
Roads
Controlled by
Physical Planning
State Environmental
Inspectorate
Inspection
VIBRATIONS
Construction phase
Level of vibrations On the construction site Measurements of vibration at
sensitive receptors
If there are complaints from
the population.
Reduction of generated
vibrations by construction
activities and compliance to
allowed levels of vibration
limits.
500 for every
used machine
Contractor and Supervisor,
controlled by Ministry of
Planning
Inspection
RISKS
Construction and operative phase
Conditions that suggest
the possibility of
occurrence of risks,
Along the highway route
Negorci-Gevgelija
Visual examination
Conditions that suggest
possible accidents and
During the review.
Measured parameters that
indicate the threat of media
Environmental protection,
people health and safety
Unable to
determine
Supervisor, Public Enterprise
for National Roads
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118

Where the parameter
be monitored?
When the parameter
would be monitored
(frequency)?
be monitored?
accidents, and damages damages
Recorded accidents and
damages
Pollution of the media and
conditions with the
environment
and environmental
conditions
Statistic data.
After complaints from the
population.

controlled by
Physical Planning
Inspection

SOCIAL DOMAIN
Construction Phase
Land Acquisition
(Land Acquisition
Documents)
Office and on site Review of documentation
and progress of Land
Acquisition
Once.
Before official start of
To avoid delays in time
frame of construction
activities
Calculated in
the Project
JPDP in cooperation with
Municipality of Gegelija
Stakeholders
Engagement
(Creation of Stakeholder
Engagement Activity
Report for at least two (2)
meetings with local
residents from the project
area.)

Creation of Grievance
Office and on site Review of Stakeholders
Engagement Activity Report
The number and types of
stakeholder engagement
activities should be
monitored and reported:
- how many public
meetings were held,
- how many people
attended,
- what issues were
discussed,
- what were the
comments
/grievances about,
- How will they be
addressed, etc
Document (Paper) Review
Once.
construction activities.

Once, prior starting of the
Interested residents must be
informed on the planned
activities and
implementation of mitigation
measures in order to avoid
further possible delays in
realization of this project.

To avoid possible social
Contractor
costs

Constructor and
Supervisor; JPDP
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119

Where the parameter
be monitored?
When the parameter
would be monitored
(frequency)?
be monitored?
mechanisms (Community
and Workers)
construction phase conflicts.
Labour issues and
Working Conditions
(Review of submitted
necessary certificates
regarding current Health
condition, qualifications
skills, and Occupational
health and safety from
the workers that need to
be engaged on this
project)
Office Document review Once.
To avoid possible incidents. Cost
calculated in
the activity
JPDP in cooperation with
Supervision institutiions

Traffic
Monitoring activities
stated in the Traffic
Management Plan
Office

On site
Stated in the Plan Quarterly Control of realization of the
plan

Constructor and Supervisor
controlled by JPDP, Traffic
Inspectorate


120

9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The project envisages extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, right
carriageway of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci-Gevgelija.
Accordingly, one more lane of the already existing five lanes Motorway will be constructed, in
order to get full motorway with six lanes in both directions (three lanes in direction).
With the construction of this section, the connectivity between Macedonia and Greece will be
greatly improved and finally, the completion of the motorway A1 (Pan European Corridor 10) in
the Republic of Macedonia will be enabled, on level of complete Motorway with 6 lanes, parallel
with finalizing of the project for construction of the section Demir Kapija-Smokvica. All of this will
contribute to improving of the economy, the economic development will be accelerated, safety
and, in general, the quality of the life of the people, not only in this part of the country, but also
wider.
The land on which the extension of the section is planned is state owned, which means that the
planned extension will not usurp fertile agricultural land, because the extension will be carried
out in the green area between the two carriageways, for which there is a projected space.
Based on the analysed activities was noted that project activities in the construction phase will
be a source of dust emissions, exhaust gases, volatile organic compounds, noise, vibration,
waste, etc.. These issues, if are not handled properly can cause negative effects on the media
and the conditions in the environment and the health and safety of people.
During the performance of the activities can occur accidents and damages which can cause
contamination of the environment and can also affect the safety and security of people and
material goods.
Based on the presence of sensitive receptors along the route as most affected would be village
Mrzenci, the motorway and local roads, river Mrzenska, local agricultural land, biodiversity and
recorded material goods.
Planned project activities related to expanding the rehabilitation of the original lane, right
carriage way of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci-Gevgelija, in the
construction phase will cause negative, direct, cumulative effects that may occur immediately or
after certain period. Depending on the scope of action, the effects are assessed as local with
the opportunity for occurrence, and in terms of the duration from short-term to long-term. In
terms of intensity they are evaluated from low to high intensity.
In the operational phase will remain the same impacts on the environmental media and human
health which are present for decades, as a result of the design of the motorway and the
surrounding environment.
Construction of the new lane will reduce the green area that until now was used as area for
drainage of storm water and will increase waterproof area covered with the asphalt, which will

121

contribute to increase the quantity of storm water that have to be drained from the road. If
drainage structures are not performed and maintained properly can lead to flooding or can
cause erosion.
The motorway is a source of increased noise level in the environment. Construction of the new
lane will mean increased noise levels that may occur during periods of peaks (when in the same
time on the three lanes will drive vehicles), but on the other side the reconstruction of the road
and the ability to reduce noise from the source, gives great possibility the existing noise levels
be reduced. Also the new lane in the future will be used for the rapid movement vehicles, so that
the lane that is closer to the settlements will be less loaded, that will increase the distance of 4-8
meters from the source that contributes to reducing the level of noise.
From the socio-economic aspect envisaged project activities in the operational phase will result
in traffic relief, increased safety during driving etc.
To mitigate the identified impacts, were proposed measures that should eliminate or mitigate
them. Measures at the same time may change some parts of the design / solutions.
Program for environmental management was prepared in order to harmonize the measures,
which will ensure that the proposed mitigation measures/mitigation are implemented.
Environmental Protection Report includes a Monitoring Plan for assessment the level of project
implementation and effects of the implementation of measures to mitigate the impacts.
Conclusion:
- Envisaged project activities related to extension with reconstruction of the existing
carriageway, right carriageway of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija section
Negorci-Gevgelija in the construction phase will cause negative impacts that may occur
immediately or after certain period. Depending on the scope of action, the effects are
assessed as local with the opportunity for occurrence, and in terms of the duration from
short-term to long-term. In terms of intensity they are evaluated from low to high
intensity.
- In the operational phase of the motorway, the sources of emissions are the same as in
the previous operation of the motorway.
- To mitigate the identified impacts, are proposed measures that should eliminate or
mitigate them.
Recommendation:
- During the design phase and implementation of construction activities to be taken into
consideration existing networks for water supply, waste water collection and irrigation, as
well as pipeline and to take appropriate measures to protect them.


122

10 ANNEXES

ANNEX 1
CERTIFICATE FROM THE CENTRAL REGISTER


123


124


125


126


127


128

ANNEX2
LAYOUT 1:1000


129


130


131

ANNEX3
LIST OF BIRDS AND THEIR LEVEL OF DANGER AND PROTECTION
Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, right carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-
Gevgelija, section Negorci-Gevgelija

132

SPECIES PRESENCE CONSERVATION
Gevgelija

C
O
D
E

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i
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Tachybaptus ruficollis 00070 W R S III
Phalacrocorax carbo 00720 X X W R I S III
Phalacrocorax pygmeus 00820 X X W R I 1 S II II
Ixobrychus minutus 00980 BM Re I 3 (H) II II
Nycticorax nycticorax 01040 X M W I 3 H II
Ardeola ralloides 01080 X M W,S I 3 (D) II
Egretta garzetta 01190 X MW W,S I S II
Egretta alba 01210 X X W S,M I S II
Ardea cinerea 01220 X X MW S,M S III
Ardea purpurea 01240 X M Re I 3 (D) II II
Ciconia nigra 01310 X M S I 2 R II II
Ciconia ciconia 01340 X B S I 2 H II II
Plegadis falcinellus 01360 M R I 3 (D) II II
Anser albifrons 01590 X W M S III
Tadorna tadorna 01730 X MW M S II
Anas Penelope 01790 M Ri S III
Anas crecca 01840 M Ri (S) III
Anas platyrhynchos 01860 X X BMW Ri (S) III
Anas querquedula 01910 M Ri II/1 3 (D) III II
Pernis apivorus 02310 M A I (S) II II
Milvus migrans 02380 Ba W I 3 (VU) II II
Neophron percnopterus 02470 X M R,A I 3* EN II II
Circaetus gallicus 02560 X Ba W,H I 3 (R) II II

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Circus aeruginosus 02600 X X Ba?M Re I S II
Circus cyaneus 02610 X X MW M I 3 H II II
Circus macrourus 02620 M M I 1 (EN) II II
Circus pygargus 02630 X M M I S II II
Accipiter gentilis 02670 X M A S II
Accipiter nisus 02690 X X MW A S II
Accipiter brevipes 02730 X B W I 2 (VU) II II
Buteo buteo 02870 X X BMW M S II
Buteo rufinus 02880 X X R R,M I 3 (VU) II II
Aquila pomarina 02920 X Ba W,Ri I 2 (D) II II
Aquila heliaca 02950 X Ba M,W I 1 R II II
Hieraaetus pennatus 02980 X Ba M,W,H I 3 (R) II II
Pandion haliaetus 03010 M Ri I 3 R II II
Falco naumanni 03030 X BaM M I 1 H II II
Falco tinnunculus 03040 X X R M,H 3 D II II
Falco vespertinus 03070 M M,H I 3 (VU) II II
Falco columbarius 03090 W M,H I (S) II
Falco subbuteo 03100 X BM W (S) II
Falco eleonorae 03110 E W I 2 D II II
Falco biarmicus 03140 Ra? R,M I 3 VU II II
Falco cherrug 03160 X Ra? Ri,M 1 EN II
Falco peregrinus 03200 Ra? R,A I S II II
Perdix perdix 03670 X R II/1 3 VU III

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Coturnix coturnix 03700 BM M II/2 3 (H) III II
Rallus aquaticus 04070 B? Re (S) III
Porzana parva 04100 B? Re I (S) II II
Gallinula chloropus 04240 R Ri,Re S III
Fulica atra 04290 R Ri,Re (S) III
Haematopus ostralegus 04500 X Ba? Ri (S) III
Burhinus oedicnemus 04590 X B? S,M I 3 (VU) II II
Charadrius dubius 04690 X B S (S) II
Vanellus vanellus 04930 B?MW S,M 2 VU III
Calidris minuta 05010 M S (S) II
Calidris alpine 05120 M S 3 (H) II II
Philomachus pugnax 05170 M S I&II/2 2 (D) III II
Gallinago gallinago 05190 M S 3 (D) III
Tringa ochropus 05530 X X MW S S II
Tringa glareola 05540 M S I 3 H II II
Actitis hypoleucos 05560 X MW S 3 (D) III
Larus ridibundus 05820 X X MW Ri (S) III
Larus cachinans 05927 X X MW Ri S
Sterna hirundo 06150 X B Ri I S II
Sterna albifrons 06240 X B Ri I 3 D II II
Chlidonias hybrida 06260 M Ri I 3 H II
Chlidonias niger 06270 M Ri I 3 (H) II II
Chlidonias leucopterus 06280 M Ri (S) II

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Columba livia 06650 X Ra R,U (S) III
Columba oenas 06680 X Ra W II/2 S III
Columba palumbus 06700 X R W II/1&III/1 S
Streptopelia decaocto 06840 X X R U S III
Streptopelia turtur 06870 X B W,H II/2 3 D III
Cuculus canorus 07240 X B W,H S III
Tyto alba 07350 R? U 3 (D) II
Otus scops 07390 X B W 2 (H) II
Bubo bubo 07440 R R I 3 (H) II
Athene noctua 07570 X X R U 3 (D) II
Caprimulgus europaeus 07780 X Ba W,H I 2 (H) II
Apus apus 07950 Ba A (S) III
Apus melba 07980 M A S II
Alcedo atthis 08310 X R Ri I 3 H II
Merops apiaster 08400 X B Ri,H 3 (H) II II
Coracias garrulous 08410 X B I 2 VU II II
Upupa epops 08460 X B W,H 3 (D) II
Picus viridis 08560 X R W 2 (H) II
Dendrocopos syriacus 08780 X R W,U I (S) II
Dendrocopos medius 08830 X R W I (S) II
Dendrocopos minor 08870 R W (S) II
Melanocorypha calandra 09610 X BMW M I 3 (D) II
Calandrella brachydactyla 09680 M M I 3 D II

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Galerida cristata 09720 X X R M,A 3 (H) III
Alauda arvensis 09760 X W M II/2 3 (H) III
Riparia riparia 09810 X B Ri,S 3 (H) II
Hirundo rustica 09920 X B A 3 H II
Hirundo daurica 09950 X Ba A (S) II
Delichon urbica 10010 X Ba A 3 (D) II
Anthus campestris 10050 B? M I 3 (D) II
Anthus trivialis 10090 M H,W S II
Anthus pratensis 10110 W M (S) II
Anthus cervinus 10120 M S (S) II
Anthus spinoletta 10141 W S (S) II
Motacilla flava 10170 X B M (S) II
Motacilla cinerea 10190 X W S S II
Motacilla alba 10200 X X BMW S S II
Troglodytes troglodytes 10660 X R H,W S II
Prunella modularis 10840 X W H S II
Erithacus rubecula 10990 X X W H,W S II II
Luscinia megarhynchos 11040 X B H,W (S) II II
Phoenicurus ochruros 11210 X W U S II
Phoenicurus phoenicurus 11220 M W 2 (H) II II
Saxicola rubetra 11370 X M M (S) II II
Saxicola torquata 11390 X X BMW H (S) II II
Oenanthe oenanthe 11460 M M 3 (D) II

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Oenanthe hispanica 11480 Ba R 2 (H) II II
Monticola solitarius 11660 X R R 3 (H) II II
Turdus merula 11870 X R W,H II/2 S III II
Turdus pilaris 11980 W M II/2 (S) III II
Turdus philomelos 12000 X W W II/2 S III II
Cettia cetti 12200 X X R W,H S II
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 12430 B? Re S II II
Acrocephalus scirpaceus 12510 B Re S II II
Acrocephalus arundinaceus 12530 X B Re (S) II
Hippolais pallida 12550 X B W,H 3 (H) II II
Hippolais olivetorum 12580 Ba W,H I (S) II II
Hippolais icterina 12590 M W,H (S) II II
Sylvia cantillans 12650 X B W,H (S) II II
Sylvia melanocephala 12670 Ba H (S) II II
Sylvia hortensis 12720 X Ba H 3 H II II
Sylvia curruca 12740 M H S II
Sylvia communis 12750 X B H S II II
Sylvia borin 12760 M W,H S II II
Sylvia atricapilla 12770 X W W S II II
Phylloscopus orientalis 13070 M W 2 D II II
Phylloscopus sibilatrix 13080 M W 2 D II II
Phylloscopus collybita 13110 X MW W S II
Phylloscopus trochilus 13120 X M W,H S II

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Muscicapa striata 13350 M A 3 H II II
Ficedula parva 13430 M W I (S) II
Ficedula semitorquata 13470 M W I 2 D II II
Ficedula albicollis 13480 M W I S II II
Ficedula hypoleuca 13490 M W S II II
Panurus biarmicus 13640 ? Re (S) II
Aegithalos caudatus 14370 R W S II
Parus lugubris 14410 R W (S) II
Parus caeruleus 14620 R W S II
Parus major 14640 X X R W S II
Sitta europaea 14790 B? W S II
Sitta neumayer 14810 Ba R (S) II
Remiz pendulinus 14900 X B W (S) II
Oriolus oriolus 15080 X B W S II
Lanius collurio 15150 X B H I 3 (H) II
Lanius minor 15190 X B W I 2 (D) II
Lanius excubitor 15200 X X W M 3 (H) II
Lanius senator 15230 X B H 2 (D) II
Garrulus glandarius 15390 X R W S
Pica pica 15490 X X R A S
Corvus monedula 15600 X X R A II/2 (S)
Corvus frugilegus 15630 X W M,F (S)
Corvus corone 15673 X X R A S

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Corvus corax 15720 X X R A S III
Sturnus vulgaris 15820 X X BMW A 3 D
Sturnus roseus 15840 X E A S II
Passer domesticus 15910 X X R A 3 D
Passer hispanoliensis 15920 X X R A (S) III
Passer montanus 15980 R A 3 (D) III
Fringilla coelebs 16360 X X BMW W S III
Carduelis chloris 16490 X R W S II
Carduelis carduelis 16530 X X R W,H,F S II
Carduelis spinus 16540 W W S II
Carduelis cannabina 16600 X BMW M,H 2 D II
Emberiza cirlus 18580 X R H,W S II
Emberiza schoeniclus 18770 X X W Re S II
Emberiza melanocephala 18810 X H,M 2 (H) II
Miliaria calandra 18820 X X (D) III

* status is being revised

140

Table explanation:
Seasonal status:
B Breeding
R Living and breeding
M Migration (migratory)
W Wintering
S Residence by summer
E Wandering
In a nearby area
? Status is not a reliable

SPEC: Species from European protection interest for which the criteria are determined by BIRDLIFE
INTERNATIONAL (Tucker et al 1994). The following categories of protection are different:
SPEC category 1 species occur in Europe, are of global conservation interest because their status in the
world are classified as globally threatened, dependent care or insufficient data
SPEC category 2 species whose global populations are concentrated in Europe, which have an unfavourable
status of protection in Europe
SPEC Category 3 species whose global populations are concentrated in Europe, but have an unfavourable
status of protection in Europe
No-SPEC (not listed) species, whose global populations are concentrated in Europe, but have a favourable
protection status in Europe

European status of threat:
Identified by BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2004)
CR = Critically Endangered,
EN = endangered, VU = vulnerable,
D = declining, R = rare, H = impoverished,
L = localized, DD = insufficient data
S = safety, NE = unassessed
() = Provisional status


141

ANNEX4
CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS


142


143


144


145

11 STATEMENT
With this statement we are applying for approving of the Environmental Protection Report
in accordance with Article 24 of the Law on Environment and appropriate regulations and
under the moral, material and criminal responsibility, we certify that the information given
in this application are true, valid and complete.
Applicant of the Environmental Protection Report:
Signed by: Public Enterprise for National Roads
(In the name of the organization)
Date: 6/13/2013
Name of signatory: Aleksandar Stojanov
Position in the organization: Assistant Director of Investments
Stamp and signature:

Author of the Environmental Protection Report: Menka Spirovska

Signature: __________________________________
Position: Manager of the Company for environmental consulting "DEKONS-EMA"
Stamp:


146

12 REFERENCES
- Project documentation for envisages extension with reconstruction of the existing
carriageway, right carriageway of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija
section Negorci-Gevgelija;
- Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia, 2004;
- National Transport Strategy, Ministry of Transport and Communications, 2005
- National Water Strategy 2012-2014;
- Sustainable Development Strategy of Gevgelija 2006-2011;
- Rural Development Strategy of Gevgelija 2008-2013;
- Action Plan for Social Protection Gevgelija, 2006;
- IFC Guide for Environment, toll pays and roads;
- IFC General Guide to Environmental, Health and Safety
- Filipovski, G. Soils in the Republic of Macedonia;
- Ornithological assessment of the Vardar Valley near Gevgelija, Ben Hellman 2009;
- MEPP (2003) Study of the biodiversity in the Republic of Macedonia (First National
Report, Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Skopje);
- MEPP (2008). Development of National Emerald Network in Macedonia, Report.
Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Skopje;
- Annual reports from the State Statistical Office;
- Annual Report from the processed data for the quality of environment, Ministry of
Environment and Physical Planning 2010;
- National and international legislation;
- Regions in the Republic of Macedonia, 2012 State Statistical Office;
- Annual Statistics Database, 2012- State Statistical Office
- State Statistical Office - Census of Agriculture 2007;
- Registered students in high schools and universities in the country in the
2011/2012 (first cycle);
- http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/2012/2.1.12.24.pdf.

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Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, right

carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Negorci-Gevgelija

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