CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER 1 11 1

BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM

Ratio of areas of triangles Ratio of areas of triangles Ratio of areas of triangles Ratio of areas of triangles : :: :
The areas of triangles are proportional to the product of bases and
corresponding heights of the triangles.

(Textual Solved Example)

Ex. 1 Ex. 1 Ex. 1 Ex. 1 In fig. 1.9 in In fig. 1.9 in In fig. 1.9 in In fig. 1.9 in ABC, Seg AP seg ABC, Seg AP seg ABC, Seg AP seg ABC, Seg AP seg BC and in BC and in BC and in BC and in DEF, sig DG seg EF. DEF, sig DG seg EF. DEF, sig DG seg EF. DEF, sig DG seg EF.
BC = 8, EF = 5, AP = 4, DG = 6, Find BC = 8, EF = 5, AP = 4, DG = 6, Find BC = 8, EF = 5, AP = 4, DG = 6, Find BC = 8, EF = 5, AP = 4, DG = 6, Find
()
()

D DD D

A AA A






B BB B P PP P C CC C E EE E G GG G F FF F

Solution : Solution : Solution : Solution :
Given : Given : Given : Given : In ABC, Seg AP seg BC


In DEF, sig DG seg EF.
BC = 8, EF = 5, AP = 4, DG = 6,
Find Find Find Find : :: :
()
()

You know that, the ratio of area of two triangles is equal to the ratio
of the product of their bases and corresponding height.

()
()
=



=



=

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EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE 1 11 1.1 .1 .1 .1
Textual

1. 1. 1. 1. ABC = DCB = 90, AB = 10 and DC = 15. Find
()
()



D DD D


A AA A





B BB B C CC C

EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE 1 11 1.1 .1 .1 .1
Solutions

1. 1. 1. 1. ABC = DCB = 90 ABC = DCB = 90 ABC = DCB = 90 ABC = DCB = 90, AB = 10 and DC = 15. Find , AB = 10 and DC = 15. Find , AB = 10 and DC = 15. Find , AB = 10 and DC = 15. Find
()
()

D DD D


A AA A





B BB B C CC C

Given : Given : Given : Given : ABC = DCB = 90,
AB = 10 and DC = 15.
Find Find Find Find : :: :
()
()

Solution : Solution : Solution : Solution :



()
()
= == =


=

()
()
= = = =

If bases are same then If bases are same then If bases are same then If bases are same then are are are areas are as are as are as are in proportion in proportion in proportion in proportion to their to their to their to their
corresponding heights corresponding heights corresponding heights corresponding heights. . . .
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Basic Basic Basic Basic Proportionality Theorem (B. P. T)(Thales Theorem) Proportionality Theorem (B. P. T)(Thales Theorem) Proportionality Theorem (B. P. T)(Thales Theorem) Proportionality Theorem (B. P. T)(Thales Theorem) : : : :
Theorem Theorem Theorem Theorem : :: : If a line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, intersects the
other two sides in two distinct points , then that line divides
the sides in proportion.
A AA A


P PP P Q Q Q Q





B B B B C CC C

Given Given Given Given : :: : In ABC, A-P-B, A-Q-C and line PQ side BC.


Show Show Show Show : :: :

Construction : Construction : Construction : Construction : Draw seg BQ and CP.
Proof Proof Proof Proof : :: : Consider APQ and PQB.

()
( )
=

--- (1)(s having same height)

Similarly consider APQ and PQC

()
( )
=

--- (2)(s having same height)

For PQB and PQC we have,
A( PQB) = A( PQC) -- (3)
s having same base,
same height

From (iii) we have

()
( )
=
()
( )

= = = =

(Textual Solved Example)
Ex.1 Ex.1 Ex.1 Ex.1 I II In the fig. line PQ n the fig. line PQ n the fig. line PQ n the fig. line PQ seg ST, seg ST, seg ST, seg ST, R RR R- -- -P PP P S S S S and R and R and R and R- -- -Q QQ Q- -- -T, RP = 4, PS = 6, RQ = 3, T, RP = 4, PS = 6, RQ = 3, T, RP = 4, PS = 6, RQ = 3, T, RP = 4, PS = 6, RQ = 3,
then find QT. then find QT. then find QT. then find QT.
R RR R



P PP P Q QQ Q





S SS S T TT T

Solution : Solution : Solution : Solution :
In RST,
line PQ seg ST

--- (By B.P.T)

4 QT = 6 3
QT =

QT QT QT QT = 4.5 = 4.5 = 4.5 = 4.5



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EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE 1 11 1. .. .2 22 2
Textual

1. 1. 1. 1. Line MN side QR, If PM = 4, MQ = 6, PN = 5, then ind NR.
P PP P


M MM M N NN N





Q QQ Q R RR R



EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE 1 11 1. .. .2 22 2
Solutions

1. 1. 1. 1. In fig., line MN In fig., line MN In fig., line MN In fig., line MN side QR, If PM = 4, MQ = 6, PN = 5, then ind NR. side QR, If PM = 4, MQ = 6, PN = 5, then ind NR. side QR, If PM = 4, MQ = 6, PN = 5, then ind NR. side QR, If PM = 4, MQ = 6, PN = 5, then ind NR.
P PP P


M MM M N N N N





Q QQ Q R RR R



S SS Solution : olution : olution : olution :
Given : Given : Given : Given : line MN side QR,
PM = 4, MQ = 6, PN = 5
Find Find Find Find : :: : NR NR NR NR
P PP P


M MM M N N N N





Q QQ Q R RR R

In PQR,
MN QR --- (Given)

--- (B.P.T)

NR =

= 7.5
NR = 7.5 NR = 7.5 NR = 7.5 NR = 7.5


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PROBL PROBL PROBL PROBLE EE EM SET M SET M SET M SET 1 11 1
Textual
1. 1. 1. 1. ABC and PQR have same base and their corresponding heights are 5
and 3.5 units. Find
()
()


PROBLEM SET PROBLEM SET PROBLEM SET PROBLEM SET 1 1 1 1
Solutions

1. 1. 1. 1. ABC and ABC and ABC and ABC and PQR have same base and their corresponding heights are 5 PQR have same base and their corresponding heights are 5 PQR have same base and their corresponding heights are 5 PQR have same base and their corresponding heights are 5
and 3.5 units. Find and 3.5 units. Find and 3.5 units. Find and 3.5 units. Find
()
()

Given : Given : Given : Given : ABC and PQR have same base and heights are 5 and 3.5
units.
Find Find Find Find : :: :
()
()

S SS Solution : olution : olution : olution :

()
()
=

.
=

()
()
= == =

If the If the If the If the bases are bases are bases are bases are same the areas are in proportion to their same the areas are in proportion to their same the areas are in proportion to their same the areas are in proportion to their
corresponding heights. corresponding heights. corresponding heights. corresponding heights.