NMTC Paper_Class IX And X_2014 (Stage 2)

JUNIOR_2014
1. (a) p
1
, p
2
, ..............................p
2014
be an arbitrary rearrangements of 1,2,3 .........n . Show that
2 1
1
p p +
+
3 2
1
p p +
+....................+
2014 2013
1
p p +
>
2016
2013
(a) We have t ofind the minimum value of
2 1
P P
1
+
+
3 2
P P
1
+
+......+
2014 2013
P P
1
+
We have to make all term equal and denominator should be max
so above exp in greater than
2014 1
1
+
+
2013 2
1
+
+
2012 3
1
+
+......+
2013 2
1
+
=
2015
1
+
2015
1
+
2015
1
+.....+
2015
1
=
2015
2013
and
2015
2013
>
2016
2013

2 1
P P
1
+
+
3 2
P P
1
+
+......+
2014 2013
P P
1
+
>
2016
2013
1. (b) Find positive integers 'n' such that
1 n
+
1 + n
is rational.
Sol. Show that there is no positive integer n for which
1 n
+
1 n+
is rational
If possible, let there be a positive integer n for which
1 n
+
1 n+
is rational equal to
b
a
(say),
where a, b are positive integers. Then,
b
a
=
1 n
+
1 n+
..(1)

b
a
=
1 n 1 n
1
+ +

a
b
=
} 1 n 1 n }{ 1 n 1 n {
1 n 1 n
+ + +
+
=
) 1 n ( ) 1 n (
1 n 1 n
+
+
=
2
1 n 1 n +

a
b 2
=
1 n+

1 n
..(2)
Adding (1) and (2) and subtracting (2) from (1), we get
2
1 n+
=
b
a
+
a
b 2
and 2
1 n
=
b
a

a
b 2

1 n+
=
ab 2
b 2 a
2 2
+
and
1 n
=
ab 2
b 2 a
2 2

1 n+
and
1 n
are rational ( a,b are integers
ab 2
b 2 a
2 2
+
and
ab 2
b 2 a
2 2

are rational )
(n +1 are rational )
(n +1) and (n 1) are perfect squares if poisitive integers
This is not possible as any two perfect square differe at least by 3.
Hence, there is no positive integer n for which (
1 n
+
1 n+
) is rational.
2. ABCD is a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle of centre O. Let BD bisect OC perpendicularly. P is a
point on the diagonal AC such that PC =OC. BP cuuts AD at E and the circle ABCD at F. Prove that
PF is the geometric mean of EF and BF.
Sol.
Since
PC OC BC = =
and
CP AB
is similar to
AFP A
. We have PF =AF. AF.
Next CB =CD =CP implies P is the incenter of
ABD A
. Then BF bisects
ABD yielding FAD =ADF call it u . Alternatively we have FAD =PBD =
1
2
FAD PBD PCD = = . Then

180 AFD ACD =
180 PCD =
180 2PBD =
180 2 = u
Hence,
ADF = u
, Also we see AFE =BFA and
EAF ADF ABF = u = =
which implev
AFE A
is similar
to
BFA A
. So
/ / AF EF BF AF =
. Then
PF AF EF BF = =
3. (a) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by F
0
=1, F
1
=1, F
n
=F
n1
+F
n2
for natural numbers n
>
2.
Show that ( )
3
1
3 3
2
7
+ +

n n n
F F F is divisible by F
n+3
Sol. (a) 7F
3
n+2
F
n
3
F
3
n+1
7 (F
n+3
F
n+1
)
3
F
n
3
F
3
n+1
7 (F
3
n+3
F
3
n+1
3F
n+3
F
n+1
(F
n+3
F
n+1
) F
3
n
F
3
n+1
F
3
n+3
and 3F
n+3
F
n+1
(F
n+3
F
n+1
) are
divisible by F
n+3
so we have
the check only
7 F
3
n+1
F
3
n
F
3
n+1
8 F
3
n+1
F
3
n
[(2F
n+1
)
3
+F
3
n
]
It have factor
(2F
n+1
+F
n
)
=F
n+1
+F
n+1
+F
n
=F
n+1
+F
n+2
=F
n+3
so whole expression is divisible by F
n+3
.
3. (b) If x, y, z are each greater than 1, Show that
2
4
) 1 ( y
x
+
2
4
) 1 ( z
y
+
2
2
) 1 ( x
z

>
48.
Sol. some correction z
2
should replaced by z
4
4. ABCD is a square E anf F are points on BC and CD respectively such that AE cuts the diagonal BD at
G and FG is perpendicular to AE. K is a point on FG such that AK =EF. Find the measure of the
angle EKF.
Sol..
C D
A B
E
F
8
7
6 45
5
4
G
45
45
a
1
2
By SAS
AABG ~ ACBG
AG =CG (CPCT)
Z4 =a
Z1 =45 +a (text Z of AAGB)
Z1 +Z2 =90
Z2 =90 (45 +a)
=45 a
ZGFC =Z2 +45
=90 a
Z5 =90 Z4
=90 a
In AFAC
Z5 =Z6 =90 a
FG =GC
By SAS
AAGK ~ AFGE
GK =GE
Z7 =Z8 =45
ZEKF =180 45 =135
5. (a) If none of a, b, c, x, y, z, is zero and
3
2
a
) z y ( x +
=
3
2
b
) x z ( y +
=
3
2
c
) y x ( z +
=
abc
xyz
=1 ,
prove that a
3
+b
3
+c
3
+abc =0
Sol. Given equation may be written as,
x
2
(y +z) =a
3
..(1)
y
2
(z +x) =b
3
..(2)
z
2
(x +y) =c
3
..(3)
xyz =abc
From (1), (2), (3),
x
2
y
2
z
2
(y +z)(z +x) (x +y) =a
3
b
3
c
3
a
2
b
2
c
2
(y +z) (z +x)(x +y) =a
3
b
3
c
3
or abc =(y +z) (z +x) (x +y)
=(yz +yx +z
2
+zx) (x +y)
=xyz +x
2
y +xz
2
+x
2
z +y
2
z +y
2
x +yz
2
+xyz
=2xyz +x
2
(y +z) +y
2
(z +x) +z
2
(x +y)
=2abc +a
3
+b
3
+c
3
Hence a
3
+b
3
+c
3
+abc =0
5.(b) Solve the equations
y
x
+
z
y
+
x
z
=
x
y
+
y
z
+
z
x
=x +y +z =3
Sol.
y
x
+
z
y
+
x
z
=
x
y
+
y
z
+
z
x
=x +y +z =3
Now
y
x
+
z
y
+
x
z
=
x
y
+
y
z
+
z
x
or x
2
z +y
2
x +z
2
y =y
2
z +z
2
x +x
2
y
or x
2
(y z) +y
2
(z x) +z
2
(x y) =0
or (x y) (y z) (z x) =0
x =y =z
Now
y
x
+
z
y
+
x
z
=3
Putting y =z, we get,
y
x
+1 +
x
y
=3
or
yx
y x
2 2
+
=2
or x
2
2xy +y
2
=0 or (x y)
2
=0
Again x +y +z =3
x +x +x =3
thus x =y = z =1
7. A mechant bought a quantity of cotton : this he exchanged for oil he sold. He observed that the
number of kg of cotton, the number of litres of oil obtained for each kg and the number of rupees for
which he sold formed a decreasing geometric progression. He calculated that if he had obtained 1 kg
more of cotton, one litre more of oil for each kg and Rs. 1 more each litre, he would have obtained Rs.
10169 more, whereas if he had obtained one kg less of cotton and one litre less of oil for each kg and
Rs. 1 less for each litre, he would obtained Rs. 9673 less. How much he actually received..?
Sol. let the merchant bought x kg of cotton and changed each kg for y litres of oil, and sold each llitre for z
rs, then he obtained xyz rupees
in the first case ATQ, we have
(x +1)(y +1)(z +1) =xyz +10169 ....................(1)
and by the 2nd case ATQ, we have
(x +1)(y 1)(z 1) =xyz 9673 ......................(2)
also x, y, z form a G.P so y
2
=xz
now from eq (1) and (2) we have
(yz +xy +zx) +(x +y +z) =10168 .................(3)
and (yz +xy +zx) (x +y +z) = 9672 .................(4)
on adding and subtracting equation no. (3) and (4)
yz +xy +zx =9920
x +y +z =248
now yz +xy +zx =9920
yz +xy +y
2
=9920 (y
2
=xz)
y(z +x +y) =9920
y =
248
9920
=40 zx =1600
z +x =248 40 =208 x =200 , z =8
thus he actually received =xyz =Rs. 64000
8. There are three towns A, B and C a personwalking from A to B , driving from B to C and riding from C to
A makes the journey in 15
2
1
hours, By driving from A to B, riding from B to C and walking from C to
A, he could make the journey in 12 hours. On foot he could make the journey in 22 hours, on horse
back in 8
4
1
hours and driving in 11 hours . To walk 1 KM, ride 1 KM and drive 1 KM , he takes
altogether half an hour, Find the rates at which he travels and the distance between the towns.
Sol. let total distance be x km and sspeed of walking, riding & driving be w, r d respectively..
ATQ. 22w =
4
33
r =11d =x
2w =
4
3
r =d
and
2
1 1 1 1
= + +
d w r

2
1 11 22
4
33
= + +
x x x

2
1
4
44 88 33
=
+ +
x

2
1
4
165
=
x
x =
2
165
km
So w =
22
x
=
22 2
165

=
4
15
, r =
33
4x
= 10 and d =
11
x
=
2
15