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PROGRAM 9
Object: To implement the following modulation and demodulation techniques using MATLAB
Simulink toolbox
i. AM modulation and demodulation
ii. FM modulation and demodulation
Tool used: MATLAB R2010b Simulink Toolbox
Theory: Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic
communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. AM works by
varying the strength (amplitude) of the carrier in proportion to the waveform being sent. That
waveform may, for instance, correspond to the sounds to be reproduced by a loudspeaker, or the light
intensity of television pixels. The general expression for the AM signal is given below
y
AM
= (1+*m(t))c(t)
where m(t) is the message signal, c(t) is the carrier signal and is the modulation index. The AM
output is dependent on whose preferable value is between 0.5 and 1. The Simulink circuit is
implemented using the above expression. In order to demodulate the signal, the AM signal is
multiplied with the carrier and is passed through a Low-pass filter.
In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) is the encoding of
information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. Frequency
modulation is used in radio, telemetry, radar, seismic prospecting, and monitoring newborns for
seizures via EEG.[3] FM is widely used for broadcasting music and speech, two-way radio systems,
magnetic tape-recording systems and some video-transmission systems. In radio systems, frequency
modulation with sufficient bandwidth provides an advantage in cancelling naturally-occurring noise.
The general expression for the FM signal is given below
y
FM=
A
c
sin( 2f
c
+2K
c ()

)
where m() is the message signal, f
c
is the carrier frequency, K
c
is the frequency deviation and A
c
is
the carrier amplitude. The Simulink Circuit is realized using this expression. To demodulate the
signal we apply it to a PLL(Phase Locked Loop) with frequency of carrier set as the quiescent
frequency of the VCO. The output of the filter is the amplified to obtain the demodulated output.


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Simulink Circuit:


Fig 1 AM modulation and demodulation


Fig 2 FM modulation and demodulation





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Result:









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Conclusion: Designed the Simulink circuits for AM and FM modulation/demodulation. In the
first figure it is observed that the amplitude of the carrier is varied according to the message. So AM
modulation is achieved and also successfully demodulated the AM signal to obtain the original
message. In the second figure, it is observed that the frequency of the carrier is made to vary
according to the message signal. Thus FM modulation is achieved and also successfully demodulated
the FM signal using PLL and passed through amplifier to obtain the original message.