7 Stages of A Typical CFD Simulation

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7 Stages of a Typical CFD Simulation

Posted By: Mehul Patel
Executing a successful CFD simulation that delivers meaningful end results require substantial
understanding of the problem being investigated. One needs to consider number of questions and
follow a sequential approach to execute the simulation successfully.
Although every simulation case varies in accordance with the end requirements, it is also true that the
number of steps to be followed remains almost similar. This article discusses in brief about the stages
involved in a typical CFD simulation.
CFD Analysis to Optimize Flow Burner Flow of Wind-box Duct:

1. Defining the Modeling Goals
Before executing the analysis, it is beneficial to define the goals that need to be achieved through the
use of CFD. One needs to figure out the necessities in order to obtain expected results. Ideally, it is
always useful to note down the requirements such as the objectives, modeling options, required
physical models, boundary conditions, domain space required and the accuracy of the results needed.
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One should also identify the assumptions and model simplification that will be required during the
analysis.
2. Creating Model Geometry
Once enough information is available, the next step is to develop the geometrical model based on the
assumptions and simplifications decided. Developing the CAD model can be achieved either by the inbuilt geometry builder in the CFD software package, or either can be developed separately through CAD
modeling software and later imported for analysis.
3. Defining and Creating Mesh
It should be accepted that the entire simulation is dependent on how well the CAD model is
transformed into small elements. Meshing is one of the most important aspects for any CFD simulation,
and should be precise enough to consider the complexity in geometry and flow. Regions with high
gradients should be identified and the mesh must be refined accordingly. One also needs to know the
available computer memory to handle finer meshes.
4. Setting up the Solver and Physics
The immediate following step after meshing is to decide upon the type of the solver needed (density
based, pressure based, steady, unsteady, etc.) to address the specific problem. Later, it is required to
select appropriate physical model (turbulence, multiphase, species transport, combustion or
aerodynamic) based on the problem defined. The selection of solver and physical model should be
followed by defining the material properties, operating conditions and boundary conditions. One should
also establish convergence monitors in order to avoid extra computing time. Once the solver and physics
are set up, the flow field should be initialized.
5. Monitoring the Solution:
While the computing is in process, it is also important to monitor the solution as the iterations are
executed. The solution is said to be converged when negligible variation is seen in the variables after
several iterations. Monitoring the solutions helps in determining the accuracy of the physical models,
meshing and problem setup.
6. Evaluating the Solution through Results:
Extracting useful data from the results obtained is what helps in reviewing the problem setup. With
visualization and numerical reporting tools, one can easily identify the flow pattern, separation
phenomenon, forces, heat transfer co-efficient and flux quantities.
7. Revising the Model
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Based on the results obtained, the next step is to measure the appropriateness of the physical model
and solver that was selected. Also, through the results, it is possible to find out the accuracy of boundary
conditions and meshing that was selected. If the results obtained are inaccurate, the analysis should be
performed again, by changing the solver and physical models, re-defining the meshing and applying new
boundary conditions.
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