Detail Article

Journal Media Conservative Dentistry Journal / Vol. 4. No. 1. 2014-01: 18 - 25

The differences of irrigation with Red Betel Leaf extract

25% and EDTA 17% on root canal cleanliness

Perbedaan irigasi ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper

Crocatum) 25% dengan EDTA 17% terhadap kebersihan
saluran akar
1. Gracelia Hayu Setya Putri
2. Nirawati Pribadi
3. Ari Subiyanto
Abstract
Background: Quality of root canal obturation depends on root canal preparation, especially
cleaning and shapping stage. During cleaning and shaping stage, smear layers are formed.
Smear layers need to be removed from root canal in order to hermetic obturation. Irrigation is
used to facilitate smear layer removal. Red betel leaf extract contains saponin that can
dissolve smear layer components. EDTA is a chelating agent commonly used in endodontic.
Purpose: To see the differences of red betel leaf extract 25% and EDTA 17% as root canal
irrigants on their effect to root canal cleanliness. Method: Twenty one extracted human teeth
with straight single roots were randomized into 3 groups (n=7). the root canals were prepared
using ProTaper for hand use instrument. During instrumentation, each root canal on the first
group was irrigated with red betel leaf extract 25%, on second group was irrigated with
EDTA 17%, and control group was irrigated with aquadest. Then, the teeth were splitted to
be observed on Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM). Result: There were significant
differences between each group (p<0,05). Red betel leaf extract 25% is better in cleaning root
canal. Conclusion: There were different effects on root canal cleanliness by using red betel
leaf extract 25% and EDTA 17% as root canal irrigants. The cleanliness of root canal
irrigated with red betel leaf extract 25% is better than EDTA 17%.
Keyword: Red Betel Leaf Extract, EDTA, Smear Layer,

Abstrak
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Daftar Pustaka
1. Guler Cigdem, Evaluation of canal cleanliness and tubular penetration of root canal
sealers in primary second molars: a SEM study. -, Cumhuriyet Dent J , 2013.
2. Walton, Endodontics Principles And Practice. Missouri, Saunders, 2009.
3. Grossman, Ilmu Endodontik dalam Praktek. Jakarta, EGC, 1995.

Detail Article
Journal Media Conservative Dentistry Journal / Vol. 4. No. 1. 2014-01: 26 - 33

Biocompatibility of mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia

mangostana L.) and NaOCl 2,5% toward BHK-21
fibroblast cell

Uji biokompatibilitas ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia

mangostana L.) dan NaOCl 2,5% pada sel fibroblas BHK21
1. Ramadhani Putri Salicha
2. Sri Kunarti
3. Nanik Zubaidah
Abstract
Background:NaOCl is one of the most popular and widely used endodontic irrigants due to its
antibacterial activity and capacity of dissolving necrotic tissue remnants. Although it is an
effective antibacterial agent, NaOCl is harmful outside the root canal and causes damage

when in contact with periradicular tissue. Otherwise, mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia
mangostana L.) demonstrated various biological activities including antibacterial,
antiinflammatory, and antifungal. Considered to be apply as an irrigant for dental application.
Purpose:The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibility between mangosteen
pericarp extract and NaOCl to BHK-21 fibroblast cell. Method:Mangosteen pericarp extract
at the concentration 100ug/ml, 200ug/ml, 300ug/ml, and NaOCl 2,5% applied on BHK-21
fibroblast cell. Biocompatibility of the irrigants can be seen from the ability of cells to
proliferate after treatment and was calculated by the % cell viability formula. Cell which is
capable to proliferate will produce mitochondrial enzyme through the respiration process that
can be measured using the MTT assay method by ELISA reader. Result: At the concentration
of 100ug/ml, 200ug/ml and 300ug/ml showed good biocompatibility with fibroblast BHK-21
cell than NaOCl 2,5% through the ability of cells to proliferate. Conclusion: The mangosteen
pericarp extracts in every concentration has better biocompatibility than NaOCl 2,5% as
endodontic irrigants.
Keyword: Mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia mangostana L.), NaOCl 2, 5%, BHK-21,
Abstrak
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Daftar Pustaka
1. Ingle, The Dicipline of Endodontics in Ingle Endodontics. Ontario, BC Dencker
Inc, 2008.
2. Haapasalo, Irrigant and Intracanal Medicaments in Ingle Endodontics. Ontario, BC
Dencker Inc, 2008.
3. Wintarsih, A comparative study of apical leakage on irrigation using and without
EDTA. -, Jurnal PDGI, 2009.

Detail Article
Journal Media Conservative Dentistry Journal / Vol. 4. No. 1. 2014-01: 34 - 39

Biocompatibility evaluation of Propolis extract and H2O2

3% to Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (BHK-21) fibroblast

Uji biokompatibilitas ekstrak Propolis dan H2O2 3%

terhadap sel fibroblas Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (BHK-21)

1. Yora Wardati
2. Latief Mooduto
3. Edhie Arif Prasetyo
Abstract
Background: Cytotoxicity evaluation is an early stage to assess the biocompatibility of a
material or extract. Terms of root canal irrigant solution either one of them is a low
cytotoxicity against periapical tissues. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 3% is one of the irrigant
solution that commonly used in Indonesia but H2O2 is a free radicals. Propolis is a resinous
material producted by honey bees and has been used as an herbal medicine for a long time.
Propolis shown to have antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and many
other properties, and in previous studies suggest that propolis may eliminate the bacteria in
root canal effectively therefore can be used as root canal irrigant. Purpose: This study aimed
to compare the biocompatibility of 30% propolis extract and 3% H2O2 as a root canal
irrigant. Method: BHK-21 cell line were divided into 2 groups of treatment, namely the group
treated with the 30% propolis extract, and the group treated with 3% H2O2 for 2.5 minutes
each group, and measured using the MTT assay. Data were analyzed with one-way
ANNOVA with a significance level of 5% and Turkey HSD. Result: 30% propolis extract
group had a greater optical density than the group 3% H2O2 . Conclusion: 30% propolis
extract more biocompatible than H2O2 3% as root canal irrigant.
Keyword: biocompatibility, 3% H2O2, 30% propolis extract, BHK-21,
Abstrak
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Daftar Pustaka
1. Wulandari, Cytotoxicity of 5% Tamarindus indica extract and 3% hydrogen peroxide
as root canal irigation. Surabaya, Majalah Kedokteran Gigi. (Dent. J.), 2008.
2. Tarigan, Rasinta, Perawatan Pulpa Gigi (Endodonti), Edisi 3. Jakarta, Buku
Kedokteran EGC, 2012.
3. Prasetyo, Rizky, Potensi Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp Asal Pandeglang
sebagai Antibakteri. Bogor, Institut Pertanian Bogor, 2011.

The difference of antibiofilm activity of Mangosteen

Pericarp extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) 25% and
NaOCl 2.5% against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm

Perbedaan daya antibiofilm antara ekstrak Kulit Manggis

(Garcinia mangostana L.) 25 % dan NaOCl 2.5%
terhadap biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis
1. Aureola Mayantika
2. Adioro Soetojo
3. Devi Eka Juniarti
Abstract
Background: The use of antibiofilm agent as root canal irrigation were needed to eliminate
microorganism in biofilms form. One of microorganisms that were able to form biofilm on
the root canal is Porphyromonas gingivalis. NaOCl is an irrigation material that is considered
the most effective and popular to remove biofilm formation. Extract of pericarp mangosteen
had known have active material such as xanthone, saponin, flavonoid and tannin that can
remove biofilm. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the difference of antibiofilm
activity between pericarp of mangosteen in concentration 25% and NaOCl 2.5% against
Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. Method: Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 were
incubated for 16 x 24 hours in 37oC in Tripticase Soy Broth (TSB). The bacteria were then
grown as a biofilm on a 96 well microtitter plate. The extract of pericarp mangosteen 25%
and NaOCl 2.5% were added to each wells and incubated for 24 hours. Semiquantative
determine of biofilm formation was performed by washing the plates, staining at adherent
cells with crystal violet and measuring the light absorbance of the adherent stained cells at
565 nm using a microplate reader. Results: The extract of pericarp mangosteen have ability to
remove biofilm with optical density value 0.151. in other hand, NaOCl have false negative
value with optical density value 0.368 that higher than control 0.190 but when its confirmed
by colony forming unit method, it showed that the plate was sterile from bacteria.
Conclusion: There are differences of antibiofilm effect between extract of pericarp
mangosteen 25% and NaOCl 2.5% against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. The extract of
pericarp mangosteen 25% have greater antibiofilm effect than NaOCl 2.5%.
Keyword: Antibiofilm, NaOCl, mangosteen pericarp extract,
Abstrak
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Daftar Pustaka

1. Walton, R.E, Endodontics Principle and Practice. Edisi 4. Missouri, Saunders

Elsavier, 2009.
2. Lo A.W, Comprative Transcrptomic Analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilm
and Planktonic Cells. Melbourne, Dept. Microbiolgy, School of Biomedical Sciece,
Monash University, 2009.
3. Peciuliene, V, Microorganisms in root canal infections: a review. -, Stomatologija,
2008.

Detail Article
Journal Media Conservative Dentistry Journal / Vol. 4. No. 1. 2014-01: 46 - 54

The differences between red betel leaf extract and sodium

hypochlorite in removing smear layer on the surface of
root canal wall

Perbedaan ekstrak daun sirih merah dan sodium

hipoklorit terhadap pembersihan smear layer pada
permukaan dinding saluran akar
1. Konita Nasir
2. Agus Subiwahjudi
3. Cecilia G. J. Lunardhi
Abstract
Background: Root canal treatment consists of preparation, sterilization and obturation.
During root canal preparation, cut debris is smeared over the dentinal surface, forming a
smear layer. Smear layer will reduce attachment of the root canal filling material and organic
material in smear layer can be substrate for microorganism. Preparation of root canal should
always be followed by irrigation. NaOCl remains the mostly used irrigant solution in
endodontic. NaOCl has very effective disinfecting and tissue-dissolving properties but is
incapable of removing the smear layer. In addition, red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum)
contain saponin compound that are as surfactants which can dissolve smear layer. Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to know the differences between red betel leaf extract (Piper
crocatum) 25% and NaOCl 2.5% to remove the smear layer on the surface of root canal wall.
Methode: Three groups of teeth (7 teeth in each) were instrumented with protaper for hand
use files to F3 and irrigated as follows: Group 1: with red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum)
25%; Group 2: with NaOCl 2.5%; Group 3 (control): with aquadest. Teeth were split
horizontally and longitudinally, the apical third of the root walls were observed by a scanning
electron microscope (SEM). Result: There were significant differences between each group
(P<0,05). Median value of group 1 with red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum) shown 1, this
value (1) is the smallest value compared to the value of the other groups. Conclusion: Red
betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum) 25% better than NaOCl 2.5% to remove the smear layer on
the surface of root canal wall.
Keyword: Red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum), NaOCl, smear layer,
Abstrak
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Daftar Pustaka
1. Shahravan, A, Effect of Smear Layer on Sealing Ability of Canal Obturation : A
Systematic Review and Meta-amalysis. -, J Endod, 2007.
2. Torabinejad, M , Endodontics Principles and Practice, 4th . St. Louis, Saunders
Elsevier, 2009.
3. 13. Perard, Study of the RinsEndo action on the smear layer and debris removal by
scanning electron microscopy. -, Endo (Lond Engl) , 2013.