ABSTRACT

This experiment is about to find the flow rate based on the pressure drop by
using flow meter. Besides that, this experiment also shows the operation and
characteristics of three different basic types of flow meter. The objective of this
experiment was to study the direct comparison of flow measurement and pressure drop
by using the venturi meter, orifice and rotameter with the assistance of a hydraulics
Bench device.

Rotameter act as a controlling device for flow rate in this experiment. Rotameter
is the best device to measure flow rate among the venturi and the orifice meter. The
pressure drop against each device was indicated by the difference in water level reading
of probes across the venturi and orifice respectively.

After the comparison, the venturi meter was found to be able to measure flow
rates with lower error percentage for each flow rate variation. The pressure drop for
orifice was also found to be greater if compare to venturi meter for each flow rate
variation. As the conclusion, we can say that the venture meter measures flow rate with
higher accuracy compared to the orifice. . The calculation show the percentage error for
the venturi meter is between 3.7% to 16.53% while the orifice reading deviates in the
range of 11.79% to 31.42%. On the other hand, the percentage of error for rotameter is
between 9.33% to 15.56%

Table of contents
Contents

Page

Abstract

List of Tables

iii

List of Figures

iii

Nomenclature

iv

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Theory and Working Equations

2.1 Orifice
2.2 Venturi
2.3 Rotameter

3.0 Material and Methods

4.0 Result and Discussion

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation

12

6.0 References

13

Appendix A

14

Appendix B

20

Appendix C

30

ii

LIST OF TABLES
Table
4.1.1

Title

Page

Graph of Head loss versus Velocity for venturi meter and

10

orifice meter (1st Trial)

4.1.2

Graph of Head loss versus Velocity for venturi meter and

10

orifice meter (2nd Trial)

4.1.3

Graph of Head loss versus Velocity for venturi meter and

11

orifice meter (3rd Trial)

A1.1

Relationship between pressure head and flow rate

14

for both venturi and orifice

A1.2

Comparison of percentage error for Venturi Meter and

15

Orifice with Rotameter readings

A1.3

Comparison of head loss and velocity between venturi and orifice 15

A2.1

Relationship between pressure head and flow rate

16

for both venturi and orifice

A2.2

Comparison of percentage error for Venturi Meter and

16

Orifice with Rotameter readings

A2.3

Comparison of head loss and velocity between venturi and orifice 17

A3.1

Relationship between pressure head and flow rate

18

for both venturi and orifice

A 3.2

Comparison of percentage error for Venturi Meter and

19

Orifice with Rotameter readings

A 3.3

Comparison of head loss and velocity between venturi and orifice 19

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

Title

Page

C1

Installation drawing for Flowmeter Demonstration Apparatus

30

C2

Venturi meter discharge coefficient

31

C3

Graph of Orifice meter discharge coefficient

32

iv

NOMENCLACTURE

pressure

velocity

discharge

Cd

coefficient of discharge

area

density

gravitational acceleration

head loses

diameter

coefficient of losses