B1 Revision Notes Isuri De Alwis - 11d1 Biology

Diet and
exercise

Harmful drugs are classified as Class A, B and

C, A being the most harmful. Depressant and
stimulant drugs affect the nervous system by
affecting the transmission across synapses.

High levels of alcohol can cause

cirrhosis of the liver.

Homeostasis
and plant
hormones

The nervous
system

Auxins are involved in phototropism (response

to light) and geotropism (response to gravity).
Plant hormones have many commercial uses selctive weedkiller, rooting powder etc.
Vasolidation and vasoconstriction control
heat transfer from the body.

Light rays are refracted as they pass

through the cornea and iris. The eye
accomodates by altering the shape of the
lens. Long and short sight is caused by the
eyeball or lens being the wrong shape.

Alleles are different versions of the same

gene. Sex is determined by sex
chromosomes, XX in female, XY in male.
Human body cells have 23 pairs of
chromosomes.
Inherited disorders are caused by
faulty alleles.

The mosquito is a vector that carries

malaria.

Auxins are a group of plant

hormones. They cause shoot
curvature by cell elongation.

Homeostasis is maintaining a constant

internal environment. Automatic
system in the body keep water,
temperature and carbon dioxide levels
constant.
The hormone insulin controls
blood sugar levels. It converts
excess blood glucose into
glycogen.

Immunisation potects against

certain diseases by sing harmless
pathogens. Changes in lifestyle can
reduce risk of some cancers.

Plasmodium is the pathogen that causes malaria.

It is a parasite and humans are its host.

Monocular vision has a wider field of

view but poorer distance judgement
than binocular vision.

Variation and
inheritance

A balanced diet will vary according to age,

gender, activity, religion and personal
choice.
The body mass index (BMI) cna be used to
indicate being over or underweight, the EAR
can be used to calculate protein requirements.
I depends on age, pregnancy and lactation.

Smoking, high alcohol intake and a

diet rich in saturated fats and salt
increase blood pressure.

Drugs and disease

Being fit is the ability to do exercise, being

healthy is being free from disease.

Blood pressure has two readings,

diastolic and systolic pressure, in
mmHg. High blood pressure can
damage the brain (stroke) and kidneys.

A nerve impulse travels along the

axon of a neurone.
A neurotransmitter substance diffuse
acorss the synapse, so the nerve
impulse can pass to the next neurone.
A spinal reflex involves a receptor,
sensory, relay and motor neurones and
an effector.
Dominant alleles are expressed if
present, recessive alleles are expressed in
the absence of a dominant allele.
Being homozygous is having two
identical alleles, being heterozygous is
havng two different alleles.
Most faulty alleles are recessive.