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Schedule of Classes
Lectures:
- Sunday 13:45 pm to 15:30 in B2-312.
Instructor office hours every Tuesday
from 12:30 pm to 1:30 p.m. in C3 room 215
Tutorials :
- Included in Lectures
Dr.-Eng. Hisham El-Sherif
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department
Tutorials
Every week the instructor will assign a problem set from the text
book that deals with the covered sections in the lectures.
In the tutorial, some of the assigned problems will be worked out on
the board.
At the end of some tutorials you will be asked to solve and submit
one or two of the assigned problems. (At least three quizzes will be
conducted during this course).
At the beginning of the following week you will be asked to hand in
another set of problems (assignment).
The full solutions of each problem set will be posted at the end of
the week.
Dr.-Eng. Hisham El-Sherif
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department
Marking Scheme
Lab Activity
5%
Course Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course, you should be able to:
Write the equations that govern the operation of Direct Current (D.C.)
electric circuits.
Course Contents
I- Circuit concepts.
II- Circuit Analysis Techniques.
III- Time Dependent Circuit analysis.
IV- Analog Building Blocks and Operational Amplifiers.
V- Semiconductor Devices.
VI. Practical Applications.
Text Book
Recommended Textbook
Alexander & Sadiku, Fundamental of Electric Circuits.
Useful Advices
Please try to attend all lectures, and tutorials for your own
benefits and be on time.
Please hand in the assignments and quizzes on time, late
assignments will be rejected.
Update your instructor with any problem that might arise in
the tutorial.
Chapter 1
Circuit Elements
Objectives.
Introduction.
Current.
Voltage.
Power and Energy
Circuits Elements
Dr.-Eng. Hisham El-Sherif
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department
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Objectives
To be able to write KVL for every loop in the circuit. And to solve the
KVL equations, especially for simple circuits.
To be able to write KCL at every node in the circuit and to solve the
KCL equations, especially for simple circuits.
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Introduction
An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements.
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DC Circuits
Charge and Current
Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter
consists, measured in coulombs (C).
The flow of electric charges. Is a unique feature of electric charge.
Electricity is the fact that it is mobile; that is, it can be transferred from one
place to another.
It can be converted to another form of energy.
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current flow
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Current (I)
Current: measures flow of charge in time. Symbol: i; Unit: Ampere (A)
dq
i=
dt
Mathematically, the
relationship between current
i, charge q, and time t
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Voltage (V)
Voltage (or potential difference) is the energy required to move a unit charge
through an element, measured in volts (V).
dw
v=
dq
where
w is energy in joules (J)
q is charge in coulombs (C).
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(1)
(2)
The figure shows the voltage across an element. connected to points a and b.
The plus (+) and minus () signs are used to define reference direction or
voltage polarity.
The vab can be interpreted in two ways:
(1) point a is at a potential of vab volts higher than point b, or
(2) the potential at point a with respect to point b is vab.
vab = vba
Dr.-Eng. Hisham El-Sherif
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department
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Symbol: p
Units: Watts (W)
dw
dw
p=
=
dt
dq
P=vi
dq
dt
Where
p is power in watts (W),
w is energy in joules (J),
t is time in seconds (s)
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Circuit Element
P=VI
Positive (+) Power: element absorbs power
Negative (-) Power: element supplies power
Dr.-Eng. Hisham El-Sherif
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department
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when the current enters through the positive terminal of an element p = +vi.
When the current enters through the negative terminal, p = vi.
Dr.-Eng. Hisham El-Sherif
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department
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Example
Find the power delivered or absorbed by each element
Absorbing
Element
Absorbing
element
p=4 3
= 12 W,
Absorbing
element
p=4 3
= 12 W,
Supplying
element
p = 4 (3)
= 12 W,
Supplying
element
p = 4 (3)
= 12 W,
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Example
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Solution
P5
P2
P6
P3
P1
P4
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P2
P6
P3
P1
P4
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Circuit Elements
Types of elements found in electric circuits:
Active elements; are capable to generating energy (sources)..
Example
generators, batteries, and operational amplifiers.
Passive elements; don'
t generate energy, they are energy consuming
(storing) elements
.
Example
resistors, capacitors, and inductors..
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Active Elements
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used for
constant voltage (dc).
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Vs
Vs = 5 V
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Ideal Voltage
Source: Vertical
line
Ideal Current
Source:
Horizontal line
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Source Combinations
v1
v2
v1 + v2
i1
i2
i1+ i2
ELCT708: Electronics for Biotechnology
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Dependent Source
An ideal dependent (or controlled) source is an active element in which the
source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current.
dependent
voltage source
dependent
current source.
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Circuit A
+
V1
-
2V1
+
-
Circuit B
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+
Element x
VX
+
-
V = A V VX
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the voltage 10i of the voltage source depends on the current I through element C
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+
_
Av Vcd
+
_
Rm Ic
Ai Ic
Gm Vcd
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Example
P1 = -(20)(5) = -100W
P2 = (12)(5) = 60W
P3 = (8)(6) = 48W
P4 = -(8)(0.2)(5) = 8W
P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 = 100 + 60 + 48 8 = 0
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Example
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P1 = -(10)(3) = -30W
P2 = -(6)(2) = -12W
P3 = (6)(I0) = 6I0W
P4 = -(12)(9) =-108W
P5 = -(4)(8) =-32W
P6 = (8)(2)(11) = 176W
6I0 -32 -12 -108 +176 = -182 + 6I0 +176 = 0
Hisham
El-Sherif
I oDr.-Eng.
=
1
[
A
]
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department
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Example
Compute the power absorbed or supplied by each component of the circuit
P1 = -(5)(8) = -40W
P2 = (2)(8) = 16W
P3 = (0.6)(5)(3) = 9W
P4 = (3)(5) = 15W
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