Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Industrial 'T
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
2
3, 4
lY
Fleld Products
TrioWirl Vortex Shedding and Swirl Flowmeters with
Digital-Signal-Processing
DSP - A Giant Leap in Performance
Wedge Primary Flow Elements
Integral Orifice Elements
TrioMass Coriolis Mass Flowmeters
ABB Industrial Magnetic Flowmeters
ABB Municipal Magnetic Flowmeters
Rotameters
5
6
7, 8
9
10
11, 12
13, 14
15, 16, 17, 18
19
20, 21
22
22
23
INSTALLATION
Orifice Plates
GLOSSARY
Definition of Terms
28
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLES
1
Flowmeter Applications and Features
30 ASME Piping Recommendations: All Fittings in Same Plane
31 ASME Piping Recommendations: Fittings in Different Planes
32 ASME Piping Recommendations:
With Reducers and Expanders
33 ASME Piping Recommendations: Atmospheric Intake
34 ASME Piping Recommendations: Valves & Regulators
35 ASME Piping Recommendations: Venturi Tubes
39 Span and Range Values
26
26
27
27
35
41
36
37
38
39
39
39
40
40
40
43
46
47
48
51
54
56
58
59
60
62
64
66
68
69
II
20
24
25
go to www.abbinfozone.com
select 1cFL-Flow - Vortex & Swirl from the Product Group pick list
go to www.abbinfozone.com
on the left of the next screen you will see the heading "Other Usefull
ABB Instrumentation Sites." Click on the item "ABB Flowmeter Sizing
Program"
Type of Information
Ads
Brochures
Case histories
Instruction Manuals
Newsletters
QA Procedures
Software downloads
Specification Sheets
Technical Information
Then tlidc the Submit bWo~ and Y~IJ 'hill $ut~lic$lly elil our Iml)tfflat:iorl: Libtliff.
ASS Automaton
1
rU).:~~lilill$.$imfilJ $o.m<t1!:1i~~ ...d 'ild.~TWt V!'i.<l!tJt$1 &lI you. :;"ttlltl
~ ~ Cl~t~l!yfs.'Il"li$lllll~J.w~f\..,lt~l
FieldlT Products
TrloWlrl Vortex Shedding and Swirl Flowmeters with
Digital-Signal-Processing
No Moving Parts
Common sensor and electronics for all size vortex and swirl meters
FleldlY Products
DSP A Giant Leap In Performance
Pipeline vibration and hydraulic noise are always present to some
degree in any process and can make it difficult to measure accurately
with conventional vortex meters. TrioWirl vortex and swirl meters with
ABB's state-of-the-art DSP technology provides accurate measurement
immune from the effects of vibration and noise.
The graph below is a typical vortex sensor signal from a process with
noise and/or vibration. The collapsing peaks of the sine wave signal
can cause inaccurate measurement in other meters.
However, the graph below shows the stability of the TrioWiri output
from the same "noisy" signal after digital signal processing. You don't
have to live with "jittery" and inaccurate output, limited turndown, or
wieldy pipe supports.
FleldlT Products
Wedge Primary Flow Elements
A Wedge element has an internal "v" shaped restriction to flow. This
restriction produces a differential pressure which follows Bernoulli's
square root relation to flowrate over Reynolds numbers greater than
500. Wedge elements offer higher accuracy over wider flow ranges
Oaminar, transition, or turbulent) than any other primary element. It can
handily measure viscous liquids or liquids with varying viscosity.
Wedge elements are available in
sizes from 1/2 in. to 24 in. Larger
sizes are available upon request.
The Wedge element is classified
by the HID ratio, analogous to the
Beta ratio for an orifice plate. The
HID ratio is the height of the open
area available for flow divided by
the inside pipe diameter.
FleldlY Products
This restriction is designed to last the life of the installation, without
replacement and without recalibration. Wedge systems with the ABB
Multivariable DP transmitter can measure flow ranges of 3.5: 1 (12:1 in
DP) with an overall system accuracy of under 1% of rate, or flow ranges
of 5:1 (25:1 in DP) with an overall system accuracy of under 2% of
rate. "Stacking" DP transmitters (with different ranges) on the same
Wedge element can provide even wider flow ranges and/or higher
accuracy.
Wedge elements are available in a wide assortment of process
connections to easily install in any piping system. In addition, the Wedge
element is highly insensitive to velocity profile distortion and swirl and
requires minimal straight runs of upstream/downstream piping. In
addition to wedge element with standard pipe taps for clean fluids,
wedge elements are also compatible with DP transmitters having remote
seals. A remote seal Wedge element is used for tougher applications,
like slurries (and the wastewater application cited earlier), where it is
not feasible from a maintenance viewpoint to use impulse tubing for
the DP transmitter connection. The Wedge element and remote seal
transmitter combination keeps the process fluid contained within the
pipe and offers no dead zones that can lead to clogging.
Integral Wedge element (left), pipe tap Wedge element (center), remote
seal Wedge element (right)
FleldlT Products
Integral Orifice Elements
The 1/2 in., 1 in., and 1.5 in. integral orifice elements meter low flows
of clean liquids, gases and steam. The orifice plate is a special design
that clamps between two meter body halves. The 1/2 and 1 in. integral
orifice is rated to a maximum of 3000 psi, and the 1.5 in. is rated to
1500 psi. The integral orifice meter body connects directly to a
differential pressure transmitter or to a 3-valve manifold (which in turn
mounts to the transmitter). This greatly simplified installation over a
conventional paddle type orifice plate by eliminating the need for any
pipe fittings or impulse tubing. The installation is much easier to
maintain and service. The integral orifice is also available as a flow
element with attached straight runs of upstream and downstream piping.
Integral orifice elements offer calibrated accuracy of 0.5%, a wide variety
of standard bore options, and 316 stainless steel meter bodies (stainless
steel or Hastelloy C plates).
Find information on integral orifice elements at www.abbinfozone.com
10
FleldlT Products
ABB Industrial Magnetic Flow Meters
ASS offers a complete line of electromagnetic flowmeters that provide
cost effective solutions to virtually any application involving a conductive
liquid or slurry.
1001475 wafer sensor and 100X4311 flanged
sensors with integrally mounted XE transmitters
are the most cost effective system for clean
liquids.
100T43 flanged sensors with integral XT
transmitters are two-wire, loop powered
systems for clean liquids that simplify and
reduce the cost of installation.
1001475 wafer sensors and 1003111 flanged
sensors with remote mounted 50XM transmitters
are full featured systems recommended for
clean liquids, dirty liquids, and low noise
producing slurries.
1001476 wafer sensors with ceramic liners and
remote mounted 50XM transmitters are
recommended on clean liquids, highly corrosive
liquids, dirty liquids, abrasive fluids, and low
noise
producing
slurries.
There
is a 1/25 in. sensor that is useful for measuring
very low flowrates.
1001477 electrodeless sensors with ceramic
liners and remote mounted 50XM transmitters
are recommended for low conductivity fluids
(less than 5 microsiemens/cm), low noise
producing slurries, noisy slurries, and fluids that
product coatings.
11
12
FleldlT Products
ABB Municipal Magnetic Flow Meters
ABB offers the MagMaster and AquaProbe lines of electromagnetic
flowmeters to provide cost effective solutions to virtually any application
in the Municipal industries involving a conductive liquid or slurry.
MagMaster pulsed OC magnetic flow systems include 1001475 series
wafer sensors, and MFE/MFF series flanged sensors combined with
the MagMaster MFE transmitter. MagMaster systems offer a variety
of materials of construction and have the options and features to meet
the requirements of virtually all applications. This includes buriable
and submersible sensors, bi-directional flow capability, and serial
communications, just to name a few.
1001475 wafer sensors and remote mounted
MagMaster transmitters are recommended for
water and waste water applications except high
noise producing slurries or sludges and other
fluids that produce coatings. This system is
supplied for general purpose service.
MFE flanged sensors and MagMaster
transmitters are recommended for all water and
waste water applications. These systems can
be supplied for general purpose or hazardous
area service
MFF flanged sensors and MagMaster
transmitters are recommended for all water and
waste water applications. These systems are
supplied for general purpose service
13
FleldlT Products
AquaProbe insertion magnetic flowmeters are ABB's most cost effective
solution for flow measurement in pipes 8 in. and larger. AquaProbe
sensors are recommended when the process can not be shut-down
for installation, for installation in buried pipe with minimal excavation,
for use as a portable meter, or to perform in-line verification of other
flow devices. AquaProbes require longer runs of straight piping
upstream of the meter (than do MagMaster systems) to ensure good
hydraulics and maximum performance. AquaProbes are recommended
for clean liquids and for general purpose service only.
14
FleldlY Products
Rotameters
ABB offers an extensive range of rotameters, each providing the
durable construction, reliability and accuracy demanded by your
process. Variable area flowmeters are designed to measure the flow
of liquids or gases via a closed pipe system and a float.
The series 10A3200 Arnored Purgemeter is an all-metal stainless steel
flowmeter specifically designed for low-flow measurement of most
liquids and gases at high pressure and high temperatures. It can be
applied to a wide range of applications in the Municipal, Chemical,
Petrochemical, Pharmaceutical and process industries. This easy to
install meter offers:
Analog output
15
FI.ldlT Products
The series 10A4500 VA Master Flowrator is a glass-tube flowmeter.
The 10A4500 meters are ideal for measuring a wide range of liquids
and gases found n most industrial facilities. Applications include
monitoring natural gas flows into ovens and furnaces, cooling fluid to
protect equipment, sampling systems in laboratories, and flowrates
into and out of large tanks. It has a stainless steel body and these
features:
Screw-on flanges
16
FleldlT Products
Rotameters (continued)
The series AM54 Armored VA Meter
is a flow-through meter designed to
measure liquids, steam and gas. The
meter is offered in stainless steel or
Hastelloy C and is suitable for a wide
variety of applications.
It is
recommended for high pressure and
high temperature environments, and
is ideal for the chemical,
pharmaceutical and food industries.
The AM54's float is magnetically coupled to an indicator alone or with
electronic output transmission or an electronic alarm. 4-20 rnA ouput,
HART communications and a scaled pulse output are available. This
magnetic coupling uses span, zero and linearity adjustments enable
you to use linear scales for percent of full-scale flow or direct reading
units. Key features' include:
Measurement ranges from 0.1 to 530 GPH liquid; 0.5 to 2200 SCFM
gas
Straight-through design
17
FleldlT Products
The series 1OA61 00 Purgemaster is a
low capacity meter for both liquid and
gas. The Purgemaster is ideal for
many low flow rate applications, such
as purging control lines and instrument
enclosures. The Purgemaster is also
excellent for fluid sampling, and liquid
specific
gravity
and
level
measurements.lt has a stainless steel
body and offers the followng features:
Simple snap-in tube construction
18
Line size?
Upstream and downstream piping?
Vibration and/or pulsating flow?
Ambient conditions?
Accuracy?
Flow range?
Speed of response?
5. Economic Considerations
19
.r
Io
~
..a.
::a
::a
[iJ llteommencltd
(!) ~:~~::bilety
Not Recommended
N -None
L -Low
M-Med.um
H -HHjh
Orific. Pfat.
Integral Orifice
..
Featur.s
Applications
&
:!
!IIII"'I-il .
Af j saA f J is fa
;aa
:J!
II
W.dge"
I I I 0
Flow Nozzi.
I0 I
Venturi Tube
Floba,"
Magnetic
I
I0 I
I0
>,..
:I
I. I
I . I '., 1.5
I I I I I >0.5"
I 0 I I I 0 I 0 I >2"
I 0 I 0 I I 0 I 0 I >2"
I 0 I I . I 0 I I >0.5-
I I I I I
-3
.1 f
o~
III
3/4"
2%
1/2"
3/1
311
, ..1IZ%
3/1
1~
'"
>,. 1/2%
3/1
]/1
3/1
'OJl
II
ijJ
c: &.3
"'::aE
c1z:J
I i= i
:;,
ttl
..I
i I
I! ! i i
l' .- [ . ; = I
I
Ill.! E. cr ,
! a
~i::
~
5
z
l .--0~
i- o
ii ~
CIJ
.-m
m
.-
i i
I
..I,v..
o
15
a::a
~
1::L
"::ao
5
z
Rotam.t.,
00
Turbin.
Posltiv. Displacement
vort.x Shedding
Dopple,
0
Transit Tim.
MISS - COflOlut
Target
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
$)M
1011
None
2"
>0.25" 1/2% 10/1-50/1 $2-15 CSt
<12"
20/1 s8OQOCSt
>1"
20/1
1%
>10.000
>0.5 2-5%
1/1
Noft.
10/1
>0.5"
2-5%
None
1/4%
25/1
<6"
None
0
>0.5"-4" 1-112-5% 3/'
>100
1"
None
H M 10-200
H H None
M L
L L Line,r
L M.H Linea,
linear
Linear
Linear
L L Linear
H ~M Linear
H
M M lS-25D LM M
L M 5-200 L L
5-200
None
M L 10-200 L
L M
M H
:r
~
cr
Io
..
:::I
:::I
a.
en
,...m
1 m
;. Q
..a
:::I
nn
....N
o
z
~
c
~
-c
a ,...
1:::L (5
~
I:::I o
,. z
(U .8.gprn")
5.668
F K
L __ " , {
0
h- G
h=
)2
Q(scfh)
77'Z1
F
(I
V(
pu
y.
K.
W(lblhr)
359. F
(I
22
liquid
Tf (
Pf
)2
y. K.
)2
'team
h=g (
f
h=
5.668 .
Kd 2
F.
a
Tf (
Pf
)2
q(U.S.gpml
liquid
)2
Q(scfh)
7727 ~
h= V (
F
a
Y .
pv
)2
W <lblhr)
359 .
F
a
Y.
Kd
Kd
gas
steam,
23
:i
::II
,.ai'
:r~ _~ICE~:AN~~
~A--i sf..
,r.
I - J..-A'.-...i B J.
r.u
~~
I - J+-A'--..!8 ~
!
~A-----1
il SSTT.IRAIGHTENING VANE i
J.-A-..lB J..-
Aa
~~
I
~A"""BJ..-l+-c---1sl;
ORUM~'
40
ILl
30Q:
2 DIAM.
_I
D=60IAM.
r-A-,Bt-t-
....
20e:
'"
;(
U)
=fF:I=:=:I=;
t1:
20~
SEPARATOR
~
~
OR
TANK
30
a:
ILl
I-
til
f..-A-.! a I--
fO
\J. .....
UJ
....-=r
I t ........... to
~
0(
(5
<II(
o
,
I '
0.20
0.40
060
DIAMETER RATIO, J3
0.80
'0
Z
en
);!
r-
o
z
',1
-+
-....
In
10
DIAM.
~~~7; ~~g~u1u~~~6~R
1-.
(
.......
I-
40
40
ORFI~R FL~OZZL~~ ~
~.:=:l
2DIAM.
so
ELLS.TUBE TURNS, OR
STRAIGH:ENING
I-
ti ~ ~
UJ
4.
a::
w
309:
~","I III I I
Q.
+.~ :~
l-
~~
If'cr, 0
tf'-'
~ .. ""'""!""""
0
I,/v '"
t" ~--
IiII""""
"-~1iIllI"
~-...
1,-
~.,
--
tt
;(
~~-:GI
I I I
120~
w
:2
1-1- ....
~1iIllI"
a::
I).. . . .
20~
en
-.. . -.. . ,..~E.~~ ~~;- . . ...a::
VANE2DIAM.LONG
30
<II(
UJ
o~
~I""-;:
Ixl I . . 110
18
f T
I I
0.20
0.40
0.60
DIAMETER RATlO,JJ
II
0.80
I I '
' I
' , , , , , , , , '0
0.20
0.40
0.60
DIAMETER RATIO,.s
0.80
XF703231
o Z
~ en
n ~
.~
o
z
,.
til
Z
::I- en
:a
~
ft
:!!
i
BELL MOUTHED ('ORIFICE DR
INLET
FLOW NOZZLE
_~RIF~E ;;;z~
..... In
~~ ~X=-1Blr~
-"\
STRAIGHTENING
VANES
- ........
- ~~
l- - -
'-Ill'"
~~
....
0:
I-
0.40
I...ljjjjll'
I-
:r:
~
IW
~
is
0.80
IJ
XF~703231
ex:
...
to ffi
0(
0.60
200::
CJ
CIl
o
DIAUETER RATIO,
-f-~
'--1-->-
AIR CONDITIONER
I-
I I I
0.20
~STRA7GHTeNING
VANE
2DIAM.LONG
<
a:
I I I I I
III
III
"{
20~
II!)
I I
III
W
Q.
I.....
r~~111""
--....
}4A~B~
30
==t::~~~
~1-
r-BYASREQUIREDn
PRECEDING
FITTINGS
III
J I
t;
a::
I
I I I I
I
fO
LU
0.20
0.40
o.eo
DIAttAETER RATIO, IJ
o 25
0.18
XF~703~231
o
z
......50
0-1=1
~A----+B'"
40
t-e-A--I
STRAIGHTENING VANe
o~2:~-4B~
l-.-.
VENTURI
2 DIAM. LONG
~I-"I
-s
'4
--1--1--1--1-.................... 4-.... 2e
24
::=:II --"'Ift
'-,,-~to-t-.... ~~~
re--s-...l
18
-...............i-I-...
a:
t6 ....
_"lo..--143
~""""''''''''''+-It2
;C
.-......A-.....--I-oI-I to a::
,"&--'-.a.-~wq..~ ........... is
t;
1-I"'~~lI:I-J4.-I-~6f5
1-I=i=~~-I-"""~+-f4
....
l&.I
o ~
1-I-J-~-I-~J-+--I..lIII~-I-I-I--I-+-I--t-""""'-2-+-I to is
8
6
4
~~""~-I-""""""2
0.20
0040
0.80
DIAMETER RATIO,D
0.80
XF-703-231
0.40
0.60
0.80'
0.40
DIAMETER RATIO.IJ
0.10
0.80
XF-703-231
o::I. z
::a
~
n
~
II. a
z
GLOSSARY
Definition of Terms
Accuracy - A statement which defines the measurement error limit
when a device is used under specific operating conditions. It is usually
measured as inaccuracy and expressed as accuracy. Flowmeters
can be specified with percent of rate or percent of full scale accuracy.
Accuracy expressed as a percent of rate implies accuracy anyWhere
within the flow range of the device. Accuracy expressed as a percent
of span applies only at the maximum rate of flow of the device. The
absolute error obtained at full span is used to calculate accuracy at
lower flow rates.
Consider two flowmeters reading between 0 and 100 GPM. One meter
has a 1 % of rate accuracy, and the other has a 1 % of span
accuracy. At max flow the meter accuracies are identical. However at
10 GPM, the percent of rate device accuracy is 10 GPM 0.1 GPM
while the percent of span device accuracy is 10 GPM 1 GPM.
Beta Ratio - Represents the ratio of the meter bore diameter (d) to the
pipe bore diameter (D). A meter with a bore of 2.013" installed in a 4"
Schedule 40 pipe (I.D. 4.026) would have a Beta Ratio of 0.5. Low
Beta ratios relax tolerances on the configuration and installation of the
primary elements, but raise the pressure loss through the restriction
and reduce meter capacity.
28
GLOSSARY
29
GLOSSARY
As examples:
1. The weight of a one square inch column of air above the earth's
surface is called ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. While 14.7 Pounds
per Square inch is generally used for this measurement, it will
depend upon the elevation of the area in which the measurement is
taking place.
30
GLOSSARY
31
GLOSSARY
The Reynolds Number formulae for liquid, gas and steam follow:
RD
RD
liquid
(D)(u)
Gas
=:
(D)(u)
RO
32
(6.32)(W)
(O)(u)
Steam
GLOSSARY
33
GLOSSARY
34
GLOSSARY
T.able 39 pana
S
nd Ran~e Va ues
Lower Upper
Typical
Name
Range
0
I
I
- 25 0 + 100
1-1-1
-100
1--1
-100
zero
Range Span
Oto 100
based
+100
20
Range
Value Value
+100
Rang~
-20
1-1
+100
100
suppressed
zero
range
20 to 100
20
+100
80
elevated
zero
range
- 25to + 100
-25
+100
125
elevated
zero
range
-100toO
-100
100
elevated
zero
range
-100to-20
-100
-20
80
20.1 -1973
35
Kg/cm 2
in. H20
(68F)
0.068046
0.070307
27.7276
14.696
1.0332
407.484
760
29.921
14.2233
0.96784
394.38
735.559
28.959
0.073430
PSI
1
0.036092
0.002454
0.00253
1
0.53616
in.Hg
(32F)
kPa
BAR
51.7150
2.03602
6.895
0.06895
1.8651
1
0.0193368 0.0013158
0.0013595
0.491154
0.033421
0.03453
13.6185
25.4000
0.1450
0.00987
0.010197
4.0186
7.5006
14.5038
0.98692
1.01972
402.156
CJ
mmHg
(32F)
750.062
101.325
1.01325
98.096
0.249
0.98067
0.00249
0.03937
0.1333
0.001333
3.3864
0.033864
0.2953
0.01
29.53
100
~
CJ
o
o
z
<
m
~
5
CD
rn
Table
Gallon
Cubic
Feet
(U.S.)
0.1337
7.481
0.004329
0.0005787
42
0.000264
264.17
5.615
0.0000353
35.3144
0.264
0.0353
1.201
0.1606
4'
Cubic
Inches
II
Barrels
(Oil)
Cubic
CM
Meter
Cubic
0.003785
231
0.02381
3785
1728
0.1781
28320 0.028320
0.0001031
16.39 0.00001639
9702
0.06102
61023
61.03
277.4
1
6.29)( 10-6
159000 0.159
10-6
Liter
Imp
Gallon
3.785
0.8327
28.32
0.01639
158.94
0.001
~OOO
6.229
0.003605
34.97
0.000220
6.2906
106
0.0629
1000
0.001000
0.220
0.02860
4546
0.004546
4.546
t220.1
~
c
o
o
z
<
m
~
5
CAt
.....
,...OJ
CIJ
z
Table 42. Conversion Factors: Mass
lb.
oz.
Kg
gn
gal. H2O
Ton
Metric Tonne
(32F)
1
16
0.0625
2.205
35.27
0.002205
o
o
z
<
m
JJ
CIJ
oz
453.6
0.1198
0.0004464
0.0004536
0.02835
28.35
0.00747
2.79 x 1-5
2.84 X 10-5
1000
0.2642
9.839 x 10-4
10-3
CIJ
0.4536
0.03527
0.001
0.0002642
9.839 x 10-
10~
8.345
133.5
3.785
3785
0.003726
0.003786
2000
32,000
907.2
9.071x 106
239.60
.907
2204.6
35280
1000
106
264.11
0.9842
OJ
Foot
0.083
12
0.3937
39.37
0.0328
3.28
Centimeter
2.54
30.48
1
100
Meter
0.0254
0.3048
0.010
1
Seconds
Minutes
Hours
0.0167
2.778 x 10-4
1.16 x 10.5
60
0.0167
6.94 x 10.4
3600
86,400
60
1440
0.04162
24
Ib/ft)
gm/cm3
kg/m l
Ib/inJ
16.0184
62.43
0.0160184
1
0.06243
0.001
1728
27.68
1
27679.8
0.0005787
0.03613
3.613 x 10.5
1000
39
Stoke
Centistoke
ft2/sec
cm 2/sec
100
1.076 X 10-3
0.01
1.076 x 10- 5
0.01
929
92,900
929
100
1.076 X 10-3
Centipoise
Pascal
Second
Ibmlft.sec
100
0.100
0.0672
0.01
0.0010
6.72 x 10-4
10
1000
0.0672
14.87
1487
1.48816
Kilo
40
Hedo
Deka
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro
10
102
104
105
10 6
109
10
103
104
105
108
107
10.1
10-2
10- 1
102
103
104
10-4
10-3
10-2
10
102
105
10-s
10-4
10-3
10-1
10
104
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-2
10- 1
103
104
10-8
10.7
10-5
10-4
10-3
FORMULAE
Temperature Conversion
T ( F)
= (T ( C ) 1.8 ) + 32
TCOR)=460+T(OF)
TCOK)=273+T(OC)
Pressure
centipoise
= (0.22
180-g
0
U ogf) - (
f)
Volume
( standard cubic
P -T
41
= ( 144 MW P f ( psia) )
1545 T (0 R )
W ( lb I hr )
42
= Q ( scfh ) MW 0.002634
30
31
32
8
9
-1.1
-0.6
0.0
0.6
1.1
-12.2 10
-11.7 11
-11.1 12
-10.6 13
-10
14
50.0
51.8
53.6
55.4
57.2
1.7
2.2
2.8
3.3
3.9
3S
38
39
95.0
96.8
98.6
100.4
102.2
59.0
60.8
62.6
64.4
66.2
4.4
5.0
5.6
6.1
6.7
40
41
42
43
44
104.0
105.8
107.6
109.4
111.2
68.0
69.8
71.6
73.4
75.2
7.2
7.8
8.3
8.9
9.4
45
46
47
113.0
114.8
116.6
118.4
120.2
77.0
78.8
80.6
82.4
84.2
10.0
10.6
11.1
11.7
12.2
-40
-38
-36
-34
-32
-40.0
-36.4
-32.8
-29.2
-25.6
-15.0
-14.4
-13.9
-13.3
-12.8
-34.4
-33.3
-32.2
-31.1
-30.0
-30
-28
-26
-24
-22
-22.0
-18.4
-14.8
-11.2
-7.6
-28.9
-27.8
-26.7
-25.6
-24.4
-20
-18
-1'
-14
-12
-4.0
-0.4
3.2
6.8
10.4
-9.4
-8.9
-8.3
-7.8
-7.2
15
16
17
-23.3 10
-22.2 -8
-21.1 -6
-20.0 -4
-18.9 -2
14.0
17.6
21.2
24.9
28.4
-6.7
-6.1
-5.6
-5.0
-4.0
20
32.0
33.8
35.6
37.4
39.2
-3.9
-3.3
-2.8
-2.2
-1.7
25
26
27
-17.8
-17.2
-16.7
-16.1
-15.6
3
4
41.0
42.8
44.6
46.4
48.2
-4.0
-36.9
-37.8
-36.7
-35.6
5
6
7
18
19
21
22
23
24
28
29
33
34
36
37
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
86.0
81.8
89.6
91.4
93.2
122.0
123.8
125.6
127.4
129.2
43
12.8 55
13.3 56
13.9 57
14.4 58
15.0 59
131.0
132.8
134.6
136.4
138.2
29.4
30.0
30.6
31.1
31.7
85
86
87
15.6
16.1
16.7
17.2
17.8
60
61
62
63
32.2
32.3
33.3
33.9
34.4
90
91
92
&4
140.0
141.8
143.6
145.4
147.2
18.3
18.9
19.4
20.0
20.6
65
66
67
68
69
149.0
150.8
152.6
154.4
156.2
35.0
35.6
36.1
36.7
37.2
95
96
97
98
21.1 70
21.7 71
22.2 72
22.8 73
23.3 74
158.0
159.8
161.6
163.4
165.2
23.9 75
24.4 76
25.0 77
25.6 78
26.1 79
80
26.7
27.2
27.8
28.3
28.9
44
81
82
83
84
185.0
186.8
188.6
190.4
192.2
54.5
55.6
56.7
57.8
58.9
130
132
134
136
138
266.0
269.6
273.2
276.8
280.4
194.0
195.8
197.6
199.4
201.2
60.0
61.1
62.2
63.3
64.4
140
142
144
146
148
284.0
287.6
291.2
294.8
298.4
99
203.0
204.8
206.6
208.4
210.2
65.6
66.7
67.8
68.9
70.0
150
152
154
156
158
302.0
305.6
309.2
312.8
316.4
37.8
38.9
40.0
41.1
42.2
100
102
104
106
108
212.0
215.6
219.2
222.8
226.4
71.1
72.2
73.3
74.4
75.6
160
162
164
166
168
320.0
323.6
327.2
330.8
334.4
167.0
168.8
170.6
172.4
174.2
43.3
44.4
45.6
46.7
47.8
110
112
114
116
118
230.0
233.6
237.2
240.8
244.4
76.6
77.8
78.9
80.0
81.1
170
172
174
176
178
338.0
341.6
345.2
348.8
352.4
176.0
177.8
179.6
181.4
183.2
48.9
50.0
51.1
52.2
53.3
120
122
124
126
128
248.0
251.6
255.2
258.8
262.4
82.2
83.3
84.4
85.6
86.7
180
182
184
186
188
356.0
359.6
363.4
366.8
370.4
88
89
93
94
C
87.8
88..9
90..0
91.1
92.2
190
192
194
196
198
374.0
317.6
381.2
384.8
388.4
123.9
126.7
129.4
132.2
135.0
255
260
265
270
275
491.0
500.0
509..0
518.0
527.0
210..0
215.6
221.1
226.7
232.2
410
420
430
440
450
770.0
788.0
806.0
824.0
842.0
93.3 200
94.4202
95.6 204
96.7 206
97.8 208
392.0
395.6
399.2
402.8
406.4
137.8 280
140.6 285
143.3290
146.1 295
148.9 300
536.0
545.0
554.0
563.0
572.3
237.8 460
243.3 470
248..9480
254.4490
260.0 500
860.0
878.8
896.0
914.0
932.0
98.9
100.0
101.1
102.2
103.3
210
212
214
216
218
410.0
413.6
417.2
420.8
424.4
151.7
154.4
157.2
160.0
162.8
305
310
315
320
325
581.0
590.0
599.0
608.0
617.0
265.6
271.1
276.7
282.3
287.8
510 950.0
520 968.0
530 986.0
540 1004.0
550 1022.0
104.4
105.6
106.1
107.8
108.9
220
222
224
226
228
428.0
431.6
435.2
438.8
442.4
165.6
168.3
171.1
113.9
176.7
330
335
340
345
350
626.0
635.0
644.0
662.0
662.0
293.3
298.9
304.4
310.0
315.5
5&0
570
580
590
600
110.0
111.1
112.2
113.3
114..4
230
232
234
236
238
446.0
449.6
453.2
456.8
460.4
179.4
182.2
185.0
188.2
190.6
355
360
365
370
375
671.0
680.0
689.0
698.0
707.0
115.6 240
116..7 242
117.8 244
118.3 245
121 . 1 250
464..0
467.6
471.2
473.0
482.0
193.3 380
716.0
725.0
734.0
743.0
752.0
348.9
354.4
360.0
365.5
371.1
196.. 1 385
198.9 390
201.7 395
204.4400
'1
630
1040.0
1058.0
1076.0
1094.0
1082.0
1220.0
1238.0
1226.0
1244.0
1262.0
45
Liquid
AceticAcid
Acetone
.. .
Alcohol, ethyl
Alcohol, methyl .. .. ..
Aluminum chloride
Temp DC
.
.
.
.
10%
20%
40%
Ammonium hydrodide ....
10%
20%
30%
Benzene
Chlorine
Ethylene glycol
Gasoline
Glycerin
Hydrochloric acid
Kerosene
Mercury
Nitric acid
Oil-linseed
Phosphoric acid
Potassium hydroxid
Silicone (OC-200)
Sodium chloride
Sodium hydroxide
Sulfur
Sulfuric acid
Turpentine
Water
Water-Sea
46
.
.
50%
.
.
.
10%
20%
30%
.
.
10%
30%
50%
.
.
.
.
10%
.
.
.
.
30% '"
50%
.
.
10%
20%
10%
30%
50%
.
.
.
.
10%
20%
30%
40%
.
.
.
SpGr
20/4
.
1.050
15..6/15.6 ..
.792
20/4
..789
20/4
.792
20/4
1.073
20/4
1.154
20/4
1.342
15/4
.960
15/4
.925
15/4
.895
20/4
.879
-33.. 6/4 ....
1.560
15..6115..6 ..
1.070
15.6/15..6 .
.751
0/4
.
1.260
20/4
.
1.047
20/4
.
1.098
20/4
.
1.149
15..6/15..6 ..
.820
15.. 6/15.6 .. 13.550
20/4
1.0554
20/4
1.180
20/4
1.310
15/4
.942
20/4
1.870
15/4
1.092
15/4
1.291
15J4 .....
1.514
15.6/15.6 ..
.920
20/4
1.071
1.48
20/4
20/4
.
1.109
20/4
. 1.328
20/4
.
1.525
572/4
.
1..78
20/4
1.066
20/4
..
1.139
20/4
.
1.218
20/4
.
1.303
15.6/15..6 ..
.873
15.6115.6 ..
1.000
15/4
.
' . 025
=,
47
9.5
48
Temp
Of
53.14
59.30
64.47
68.93
72.86
76.38
79.58
85.21
90.08
94.38
98.24
101.74
107.92
113.26
117.99
122.23
126.08
129.62
132.89
135.94
138.79
141.48
147.57
152.97
157.83
162.24
166.30
170.66
173.56
176.56
179.94
182.86
185.64
188.28
190.80
Specific
Volume
cuftlb
1526.0
1235.3
1039.5
898.5
791.9
708.5
641.4
540.0
466.9
411.7
368.4
333.6
280.9
243.0
214.3
191.8
173.73
158.85
146.38
135.78
126.65
118.71
102.72
90.63
81.16
73.52
67.24
61.98
57.50
53.64
50.29
47.34
44.73
42.40
40.31
Pressure
PSIA
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
14.696
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
42.0
43.0
Temp
OF
193.21
197.75
201.96
205.88
209.56
212.0
213.03
216.32
219.44
222.41
225.24
227.96
230.57
233.07
235.49
237.82
240.07
242.25
244.36
246.41
248.40
250.33
252.22
254.05
255.84
257.58
259.28
260.95
262.57
264.16
265.72
267.25
268.14
270.21
271.64
Specific
Volume
cuft Ib
38.42
35.14
32.40
30.06
28.04
26.80
26.29
24.75
23.39
22.17
21.08
20.089
19.192
18.375
17.627
16.938
16.303
15.715
15.710
14.663
14.189
13.746
13.330
12.940
12.572
12.226
11.898
11.588
11.294
11.015
10.750
10.498
10.258
10.029
9.810
Pressure
Temp
Specific
Pressure
Temp
PSIA
79.0
80.0
81.0
82.0
83.0
84.0
85.0
86.0
87.0
88.0
89.0
90.0
91.0
92.0
93.0
94.0
95.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
99.0
100.0
101.0
102.0
103.0
104.0
105.0
106.0
107.0
108.0
109.0
110.0
111.0
112.0
ow:
311.16
312.03
312.89
313.74
314.59
315.42
316.25
317.07
317.88
318.68
319.48
320.27
321.06
321.83
322.60
323.36
324.12
324.87
325.61
326.35
327.08
327.81
328.53
329.25
329.96
330.66
331.36
332.05
332.74
333.42
334.10
334.77
335.44
336.11
Volume
PSIA
44.0
45.0
46.0
47.0
48.0
49.0
50.0
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
57.0
58.0
59.0
60.0
61.0
62.0
63.0
64.0
65.0
66.0
67.0
68.0
69.0
70.0
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0
75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
OJ:
273.05
274.44
275.80
277.13
278.45
279.74
281.01
282.26
283.49
284.70
285.90
287.07
288.23
289.07
290.50
291.61
292.71
293.79
294.85
295.90
296.94
297.97
298.99
299.99
300.98
301.96
302.92
303.88
304.83
305.76
306.68
307.60
308.50
309.40
310.29
cuftlb
9.601
9.401
9.209
9.025
8.848
8.678
8.515
8.359
8.208
8.062
7.922
7.787
7.656
7.529
7.407
7.289
7.175
7.064
6.957
6.853
6.752
6.655
6.560
6.468
6.378
6.291
6.206
6.124
6.044
5.966
5.890
5.816
5.743
5.673
5.604
Specific
Volume
cuftlb
5.537
5.472
5.408
5.346
5.285
5.226
5.168
5.111
5.055
5.001
4.948
4.896
4.845
4.796
4.747
4.699
4.652
4.606
4.561
4.517
4.474
4.432
4.391
4.350
4.310
4.271
4.232
4.194
4.157
4.120
4.084
4..049
4.015
3.981
49
Pressure
Temp
Specific
Pressure
Temp
PSIA
143.0
144.0
145.0
146.0
147.0
148.0
149.0
150.0
152.0
154.0
156.0
158.0
160.0
162.0
164.0
166.0
168.0
170.0
172.0
174.0
176.0
178.0
180.0
182.0
184.0
Of
354.67
355.21
355.76
356.29
356.83
357.36
357.89
358.42
359.46
360.49
361.52
362.53
363.53
364.53
365.51
366.48
367.45
368.41
369.35
370.29
371.22
372.14
373.06
373.96
374.86
Volume
PSIA
113.0
114.0
115.0
116.0
117.0
118.0
119.0
120.0
121.0
122.0
123.0
124.0
125.0
126.0
127.0
128.0
129.0
130.0
131.0
132.0
133.0
134.0
135.0
136.0
137.0
138.0
139.0
140.0
141.0
142.0
50
of
336.77
337.42
338.07
338.72
339.36
339.99
340.62
341.25
341.88
342.50
343.11
343.72
344.33
344.94
345.54
346.13
346.73
345.32
347.90
347.90
349.06
349.64
350.21
350.78
351.35
351.91
352.47
353.02
353.57
354.12
cuftlb
3.947
3.914
3.882
3.850
3.819
3.788
3.758
3.728
3.699
3.670
3.642
3.614
3.587
3.560
3.533
3.507
3.481
3.455
3.430
3.430
3.381
3.357
3.333
3.310
3.287
3.264
3.242
3.220
3.198
3.177
Specific
Volume
cuftlb
3.155
3.134
3.114
3.094
3.074
3.054
3.034
3.015
2.977
2.940
2.904
2.869
2.834
2.801
2.768
2.736
2.705
2.675
2.645
2.616
2.587
2.559
2.532
2.505
2.479
Qi
c
0
.. I
ell
l-
V\
:a ;;;'"
U
..a
U)
C
B
B
A
B
A
B
C
C
B
B
C
B
A
+J
ell
0.
A
B
A
A
C
8
A
A
U
>.
..2
Q;
tV
0
~
A
A
A
A
C
B
B
B
A
B
A
B
C
B
t:
J:
C
B
C
C
B
A
B
C
Qi
B
C
ell
+J
V\
..
..
a
a;
::"
E
::::J
E
::::J
c
'c "!c:
+J
t=
ii:
C
B
A
A
A
A
A
:I
"
A
A
B
B
8
B
B
C
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
C
A
C
C
c:
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
:;:
-S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5
S
S
S
S
.....
c:
.....
..
11
.a
.c
+'
::J
2:
c:
X
X
X
X
S
S
S
S
S
5
S
S
S
S
S
S
X
S
S
S
5
X
5
S
S
X
X
X
::J
II::
:;
+'
co
X
X
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
"!c
Q.
0
C
Z
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
X
S
S
X
- s
S
X
X
X
Since corroSIon Involves many more variables than this table considers, such as trace
contaminants, aeration or temperature-concentration profile, the table should be used only as a guide In narrowing the choice of
materials that merit further investigation. Suitability of a particular material is best determined by field test.
(J)
~
5
::I
At
n
0
~
CD
m
m
r-
z
0
;3
-0
::I
r-
0-
-0
C5
5
z
cr
=I
...
V"
..,4;
..,41
C
I-
va
.8... '"
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Qi
t:IV
Qi
c:
"i
'c-v
"'i
.....
c
',:i
to
::::J
:::)
::s
c:
:!
"2
B
8
C
B
C
A
C
B
B
C
B
A
A
B
A
B
B
C
8
8
C
C
A
B
C
C
C
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
C
- -
B
A
B
C
C
C
B
C
B
...
::>..
tw't
9
B
GJ
Q.
.0
....,
t=
U)
to
C
B
A
B
B
B
to
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
C
B
A
A
B
A
B
B
A
B
I-
B
B
C
IV
C
B
C
.z
'ii
A
B
A
A
C
A
A
A
a:
A
A
..
c
0
:;::
f-
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
GJ
>.
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
-S
S
S
5
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
GJ
c:
:J
CII
fti
:;
....,
!0-
4V
S
S
S
S
S
X
X
X
S
S
S
S
S
5
s:.
!
::>
S
X
X
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
41
s
s
S
s
X
S
S
X
5
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
..a.
:I
ill
0-
:I
iI
.,.
en
m
r-
~
0
z
z
C
1J
1J
r-
0
Z
.
..,
V\
c:
0
.n
...
'"
'"
~
Qj
c:
+'
<II
Q
U
>..
0
Qj
1;;
Qj
c:
Cii
..w
u
'2
:::J
::I
CI.'
Q.
;::
l-
ii:
I-
:::>
S
S
S
X
S
S
X
X
A
B
C
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
S
S
X
S
S
S
+'
C
C
C
C
C
A
:J
;;:
...
t...
'+i
0
~
c:
(V
to
co
r
A
B
..
...,
CI.'
;;
c:
c:
to
U
::I
co
ii
+'
c:
;;;
...
II
:::J
...
(V
..a
..a
co
to
- A
A
A -
ell
>..
-S
S
s::.
co
- -
0
<II
A
X
I
II
::I
a.
n
0
::I
en
m
r
ez
Z
0
;=
'1J
0::I
21 I
iI
cr
'1J
~
e
Ii z
GPM
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1~8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
54
0.5Pipe
1-
1.5-
2-
3-
4'"
Pipe
Pipe
Pipe
Pipe
Pipe
1.06
1.27
1.48
1.69
1.90
2.11
2.32
2.53
2.75
3.17
4.22
5.28
6.33
1.11
1.49
1.86
2.23
0.95
8.45
2.97
1.26
10.56
15.84
21.12
26.40
31.68
3.71
5.57
7.43
9.28
11.14
12.99
14.85
16.70
18.56
22.27
25.98
1.58
2..37
3.16
3.94
4.73
5.52
6.30
7.09
7.88
9.47
11.05
0.96
1.43
1.91
2.39
2.87
3.35
3.83
4.30
4.78
5.74
6.70
1.09
1.30
1.52
1.74
1.95
2.17
2.60
3.04
1.01
1.13
1.26
1.51
1.76
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
550
600
650
700
0.5Pipe
1Pipe
1.5Pipe
29.70
33.4
12.62
14.20
15.76
19.70
23.64
27~
31.52
2-
3-
Pipe
Pipe
4Pipe
7.65
8.60
9.56
11.97
14.36
16.75
19.12
21.51
23.90
26.29
28.68
31.07
3.47
3.91
4.34
5.43
6.51
7.60
8.68
9.77
10.85
11.94
13.00
14.12
15.19
16.28
17.36
18.45
19.53
20.62
21.70
23.87
26.04
28.21
30.38
2.02
2.27
2.52
3.15
3.78
4.41
5.04
5.67
6.30
6.93
7.56
8.19
8.82
9.45
10.08
10.71
11.34
11.97
12.60
13.85
15.12
16.38
17.64
55
11f1
_
6-
8-
10
12"
14-
16-
Pipe
Pipe
Pipe
Pipe
Pipe
Pipe
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
56
0.90
1.11
1.39
1.67
1.94
2..22
2.50
2.78
3.05
3.33
3.61
3..89
4.. 16
4.44
4..72
5.00
5.27
5.55
6.11
6.66
7.22
7.78
8.33
8.88
9.44
0.96
1.12
1.28
1.44
1.60
1.76
1.92
2.08
2.24
2.40
2.56
2.73
2.89
3.04
3.21
3.53
3.85
4.17
4.49
4.81
5.13
5.45
1.02
1.12
1.22
1.32
1.42
1.52
1.62
1.72
1.83
1.00
1.07
1.14
1.22
1.28
1.93
2.03
2.24
2.44
2.64
2.85
3.05
3.25
3.46
1.43
1.58
1.72
1.76
2.01
2.15
2.29
2.44
1.36
1.01
1.06
1.13
1.19
1.30
1.42
1.54
1.66
1.77
1.89
2.01
1.09
1.18
1.27
1.36
1.45
1.54
,-
GPM
8-
10-
12-
Pipe
Pipe
Pipe
Pipe
900
950
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2500
9.99
10.55
11.10
12.22
13.33
14.43
15.55
16.66
17.77
18.88
19.99
21.11
22.22
27.78
33.33
5.77
6.09
6.41
7.05
7.70
8.33
8.98
9.62
10.26
10.90
11.54
12.18
12.82
16.03
19.24
22.44
25.65
28.87
32.06
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
6000
7000
8000
3.66
3.86
4.07
4.48
4.88
5.29
5.70
6.10
6.51
6.92
7.32
7.73
8.14
10.17
12.20
14.24
16.27
18.31
20.35
24.41
28.49
2.58
2.72
2.87
3.15
3.44
3.73
4.01
4.30
4.59
4.87
5.16
5.45
5.73
7.17
8.60
10.03
11.47
12.90
14.33
17.20
20.07
22.93
14Pipe
2.13
2.25
2.37
2.61
2.85
3.08
3.32
3.56
3.79
4.03
4.27
4.51
4.74
5.93
7.2
8.30
9.49
10.67
11.86
14.23
16.60
18.98
16Pipe
1.63
1.73
1.82
1.99
2.18
2.36
2.54
2.72
2.91
3.09
3.27
3.45
3.63
4.54
5.45
6.36
7.26
8.17
9.08
10.90
12.71
14.52
57
GPM
18Pipe
20
24-
Pipe
Pipe
1500
1600
1700
58
1800
2.58
2000
2.88
2500
3.59
3000
4.31
3.45
3500
5.03
4.03
4000
5..74
4.. 61
3.19
4500
6.47
5.19
3..59
5000
7.17
5..76
3.99
6000
8..62
6..92
4..80
7000
10..04
8.06
5..68
8000
11.48
9.23
6.38
9000
12..92
10.. 37
7.. 19
10000
14.37
11.53
7.96
12000
17.. 23
13.83
9..57
14000
20.10
16.14
11.18
16000
22.96
18.43
12.77
Temp.
Of
32
40
SO
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212
220
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
700
Saturation
Pressure
PSIA
.08854
.12170
.17811
.2563
.3631
.5069
.6982
.9492
1.2748
1.6924
2.2225
2.8886
3.718
4.741
5.992
7.510
9.339
11.526
14.123
14.696
17.186
24.969
35.429
49.203
67.013
134.63
247.31
422.6
680.8
1045.2
~ 542.9
a093.7
Density
IbIft!
Specific
Gravity
Weight
Iblgal.
62.42
62.42
62.38
62.34
62.27
62.19
62.11
62.00
61.84
71.73
61.54
61.39
61.20
61.01
60.79
60.57
60.35
60.13
59.88
59.81
59.63
59.10
58.51
57.94
57.31
55.59
53.65
51.55
49.02
45.87
42.37
27.10
1.001
1.001
1.000
1.000
.998
.997
.996
.994
.991
.990
.987
.984
.981
.978
.975
.971
.968
.964
.960
.959
.956
.947
.938
.929
.919
.891
.860
.826
.786
.735
.679
.434
8.345
8.345
8.340
8.334
8.325
8.314
8.303
8.289
8.267
8.253
8.227
8.207
8.182
8.156
8.127
8.098
8.068
8.039
8.005
7.996
7.972
7.901
7.822
7.746
7.662
7.432
7.172
6.892
6.553
'6.132
5.664
3.623
59
a (J)
.. m
, hi
&
6: ..
ii!
Cc
.- E
~.~
za
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
Sched
Sched
Sched
Sched
20
40
60
0.622
0.824
1.049
1.380
1.610
2.469
2.067
Sched
Sched
80
105
405
80S
ST
EX
:::I
0.546
0.466
0.6674 0.622
0.546
0.742
0.622
0.824
0.546
_
;3
0.742
o:::I
0.957
1.049
0.957
1.278
1.500
1.350
1.610
1.278
1.500
0.742
0.612
0.957
1.218
1.500
0.815
1.160
1.338
1.939
1.687
2.323
2.900
3.826
2.125
7.813
7.625
10.250 10.020
9.750
9.562
8.500
8.125
a. 0
n Z
Sched
2.624
3.438
4.313
5.187
6.813
..:::I Q
-
Sched
160
3.068
4.026
5.047
6.065
1.981
Iron Pipe
4.813
5.161
0.884
0.824
1.097 1.049
1.442 1.380
1.682 1.610
2.157 2.067
2.635 2.469
3.260 3.068
4.260 4.026
5.295 5.047
6.357 6.065
8.329 7.981
10.420 10.020
1.939
2.061
1.939
2.323
2.469
2.323
2.900
3.826
4.813
5.161
3.068
4.026
5.047
6.065
7.981
2.900
4.813
5.161
7.625
9.750 10.020
9.750
7.625
3.826
0
"'D
"'D
r-
iI
~
a- ::t
-I
0Z
i: ..
-..E .eE
o.~
za
12
14
16
Sched
20
Sched
40
Sched
Scheel
60
80
Sched
10S
28
30
32
34
36
Sched
405
Sched
80S
Iron Pipe
ST
EX
12.250 11.938 11.626 11.374 10.126 12.390 12.000 11.750 12.00 11.750
13.250 13.000
13.500 13.376 13.124 12.812 12.500 11.188 13.624
15.500 15.376 15.000 14.688 14.312 12.812 15.624
15.250 15.000
18
26
eft
Sched
10
Sched
120
20
22
24
..
fI ..
21.500 21.250
23.500 23.250 22.624 22.062 21.562 19.312 23.500
25.376 25.000
27.376 27.000
29.376 29.000
31.376 31.000
33.312 33.000 32.624
35.376 35.000 34.500
29.376
17.250 17.000
19.250 19.000
21.250 21.000
23.250 23.000
25.250 25.000
27.250 27.000
29.250 29.000
31.250 31.000
33.250 33.000
35.250 35.000
a en
I ~
II
:I
a.
n
o
i;3
g
~
a-
0-
1J
o
~
a
Z
10.000
15,000
20.000
30,000
50,000
100.000
500.000
0.100
.150
0.6048
.6016
0.6046
.6011
0.6043
.6005
0.6041
.6002
0.6039
.5999
0.6037
.5997
0.6036
.5995
0.6035
.5983
.200
.250
.6007
.6021
.6000
.6012
.5991
.6001
.5986
.5995
.5982
.5990
.5979
.5985
.5976
.5982
.5974
.5979
.300
.350
.6058
.6110
.6047
.6099
.6032
.6089
.6025
.6070
.6018
.6061
.6012
.6053
.6007
.6049
.6005
.6043
0400
.450
.6185
.6284
.6166
.6259
.6142
.6225
.6129
.6209
.6117
.6192
.6107
.6179
.6099
.6169
.6095
.6161
.500
.550
.6419
.6600
.6384
.6553
.6339
.6490
.6316
.6458
.6293
.6436
.6275
.6402
.6261
.6384
.6250
.6368
.600
.625
.650
.675
.6837
.6984
.7150
.7338
.6773
.6910
.7062
.7238
.6688
.6809
.6945
.7095
.6644
.6759
.6886
.7028
.6601
.6708
.6828
.6962
.6567
.6668
.6781
.6908
.6541
.6638
.6746
.6868
.6521
.6614
.6718
.6836
.700
.7546
.7429
.7272
.7192
.7115
.7053
.7006
.6968
10,000
15.000
20,000
30.000
50.000
100.000
500,000
0.100
.150
0.6004
.5983
0.6001
.5975
0.5996
.5967
0.5992
.5963
0.5992
.5961
0.5990
.5958
0.5989
.5955
0.5988
.5953
.200
.250
.5992
.6027
.5984
.6017
.5974
.6002
.5968
.5994
.5963
.5988
.5958
.5982
.5955
.5978
.5952
.5974
.300
.350
.6067
.6123
.6055
.6106
.6037
.6085
.6028
.6073
.6019
.6061
.6012
.6052
.6007
.6045
.6002
.6039
0400
.450
.6201
.6306
.6178
.6275
.6147
.6233
.6132
.6213
.6117
.6192
.6104
.6175
.6094
.6163
.6089
.6153
.500
.550
.6444
.6651
.6408
.6591
.6351
.6510
.6322
.6471
.6294
.6427
.6271
.6398
.6254
.6369
.6241
.6354
.600
.625
.650
.675
.6917
.7080
.7266
.7477
.6834
.6982
.7151
.7343
.6722
.6850
.6998
.7163
.6666
.6785
.6922
.7973
.6610
.6719
.6845
.6983
.6566
.6667
.6782
.6911
.6532
.6628
.6737
.6858
.6506
.6596
.6700
.6815
.700
.7715
.7559
.7350
.7245
.7143
.7058
.6996
.6946
62
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
50,000
100,000
500,000
0.100
.150
0.5975
.5974
0.5971
.5066
0.5967
.5956
0.5964
.5951
0.5961
.5947
0.5959
.5943
0.5958
.5941
0.5957
.5940
.200
.250
.6000
.6038
.5990
.6025
.5977
.6006
.5970
.5995
.5963
.5989
.5958
.5984
.5955
.5979
.5951
.5975
.300
.350
.6081
.6135
.6065
.6116
.6044
.6090
.6034
.6076
.6023
1.6064
.6015
.6053
.6008
.6045
.6003
.6039
.400
.450
.6214
.6324
.6188
.6289
.6152
.6242
.6135
.6218
.6119
.6194
.6105
.6175
.6094
.6161
.6086
.6150
.500
.550
.6481
.6692
.6431
.6625
.6364
.6535
.6330
.6484
.6296
.6439
.6271
.6400
.6251
.6371
.6235
.6350
.600
.625
.650
.675
.6991
.7173
.7378
.7613
.6891
.7054
.7238
.7448
.6757
.6896
.7054
.7229
.6690
.6817
.6958
.7120
.6623
.6737
.6864
.7010
.6569
.6674
.6790
.6923
.6530
.6626
.6735
.6857
.6498
.6588
.6690
.6804
.700
.725
.750
.7878
.8182
.8557
.7685
.7958
.8295
.7421
.7760
.7946
.7301
.7512
.7774
.7172
.7362
.7600
.7071
.7253
.7461
.6994
.7163
.7356
.6932
.7081
.7272
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
50,000
100,000
500,000
0.100
150
0.5956
.5984
0.5950
.5974
0.5942
.5961
0.5938
.5955
0.5934
.5949
0.5931
.5942
0.5929
.5938
0.5927
.5936
.200
.250
.6021
.6058
.6008
.6042
.5990
.6020
.5981
.6009
.5972
.5998
.5965
.5990
.5960
.5982
.5955
.5977
.300
.350
.6100
.6159
.6081
.6135
.6055
.6103
.6041
.6087
.6028
.6071
.6018
.6058
.6012
.6048
.6003
.6040
.400
.450
.6241
.6366
.6209
.6322
.6166
.6263
.6145
.6232
.6124
.6202
.6107
.6179
.6095
.6161
.6085
.6148
.500
.550
.6481
.6708
.6396
.6583
.6354
.6521
.6311
.6459
.6276
.6410
.6250
.6372
.6231
.6343
.600
.625
.650
.675
.7014
.7207
.7425
.7673
.6836
.6993
.7171
.7374
.6747
.6887
.7044
.7214
.6658
.6781
.6918
.7974
.6587
.6695
.6817
.6954
.6533
.6632
.6741
.6857
.6490
.6580
.6681
.6795
.700
.7952
.8274
.8658
.7600
.7862
.8179
.7425
.7666
.7937
.7254
.7451
.7698
.7109
.7306
.7505
.7003
.7163
.7361
.6919
.7067
.7246
:;~~
63
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
50,000
100,000
500,000
0.100
.150
0.5956
.5998
0.5949
.5986
0.5940
.5969
0.5935
.5961
0.5930
.5952
0.5926
.5946
0.5923
.5942
0.5921
.5938
.200
.250
.6039
.6075
.6022
.6056
.6000
.6029
.5989
.6016
.5977
.6003
.5969
.5992
.5863
.5984
.5958
.5978
.300
.350
.6119
.6179
.6096
.6151
.6065
.6112
.6049
.6093
.6034
.6073
.6022
.6059
.6013
.6047
.6005
.6038
.400
.450
.6266
.6400
.6229
.6348
.6180
.6278
.6155
.6243
.6130
.6209
.6110
.6181
.6095
.6161
.6084
.6141
.500
.550
.6603
.6892
.6527
.6780
.6425
.6631
.6373
.6556
.6325
.6481
.6284
.6422
.6252
.6376
.6229
.6341
.600
.625
.650
.675
.7296
.7551
.7839
.8169
.7131
.7353
.7603
.7889
.6912
.7088
.7237
.7515
.6803
.6956
.7129
.7329
.6691
.6824
.6971
.7142
.6605
.6719
.6847
.6992
.6539
.6640
.6751
.6880
.6486
.6515
.6676
.6790
.700
.725
.750
.8542
.8212
.8586
.9022
.7772
.8067
.8416
.7552
.7808
.811 1
.7332
.7548
.7809
.7154
.7340
.7565
.7023
.7185
.7383
.6918
.7062
.7272
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
50,000
100,000
500,000
0.100
.150
0.5962
.6005
0.5953
.5995
0.5942
.5975
0.5936
.5968
0.5930
.5958
0.5926
.5950
0.5922
.5944
0.5919
.5939
.200
.250
.6054
.6092
.6035
.6069
.6009
.6042
.5996
.6027
.5983
.6012
.5972
.6000
.5965
.5988
.5959
.5980
.300
.350
.6136
.6196
.6110
.6164
.6074
.6129
.6056
.6100
.6039
.6079
.6025
.6063
.6015
.6050
.6007
.6040
.400
.450
.6287
.6433
.6246
.6374
.6191
.6296
.6163
.6257
.6147
.6218
.6114
.6187
.6097
.6163
.6084
.6144
.500
.550
.6656
.6989
.6570
.6857
.6454
.6681
.6396
.6593
.6337
.6505
.6291
.6435
.6257
.6381
.6229
.6339
.600
.625
.650
.675
.7441
.7720
.8059
.8439
.7247
.7487
.7778
.8104
.6988
.7176
.7404
.7656
.6859
.7021
.7216
.7432
.6728
.6865
.7028
.7209
.6626
.6742
.6878
.7031
.6548
.6649
.6766
.6895
.6486
.6575
.6676
.6788
.8474
.8897
.9370
.7943
.8272
.8644
.7678
.7960
.8735
.7413
.7647
.7753
.7201
.7397
.7408
.7042
.7210
.7299
.6915
.7060
.7213
.700
.725
.750
64
65
Chemical Name
Formula
%By Temp
Weight Of
(OC)
Conductivity
pS/cm
Acetic Acid
CH 3C02 H
10
Ammonia
NH 3
4.01
Butryic Acid
C3H7C0 2 H
Cadmium Chloride
Cd CI 2
Cadmium Sulfate
Cd S04
Calcium Chloride
C.CI 2
25
Cupric Sulphate
CUS04
10
Formic Acid
HC0 2H
Hydrobrom ic Acid
HBr
10
Hydrochloric Add
HCI
20
Hydroflouric Acid
HF
1.5
lithium Chloride
liCI
10
Lithium Sulfate
LiS04
10
20
MgS04
10
Nitric Acid
HN0 3
31
Phosphoric Acid
H3P04
35
Potassium Bromide
KBr
20
Potassium Chloride
KCI
15
16.8
59 (15) 4.46 x 10 5
Potassium Nitrate
KN0 3
15
Potassium Sulfate
K2 S04
10
Potassium Sulfide
K2S
9.93
Proprionic Acid
C3 H60 2
66
64 (18)
8.6 x 104
Chemical Name
Formula
%By Temp
Weight (Oe)
Conductivity
1JS/cm
C2 H3Nao2
NA2C0 3
20
Sodium Carbonate
10
Sodium Chloride
NACI
15
Sodium Hydroxide
NAOH
20
Sodium Sulfate
NA2S04
10
Sulfuric Acid
H2 SO4
SO
Zinc Chloride
ZnCl 2
20
Zinc Sulfate
ZnS04
15
Sodium Acetate
67
Temp Viscosity
Centipoise
Of
Acetylene
.00935
323
32
104
444
633
674
768
Air
.0171
.0190
.0264
.0305
.0312
.0341
Ammonia
.0092
32
.0098
68
.0128
212
.0146
302
.0181
482
32
68
212
392
Argon
.0210
.0222
.0269
.0322
Benzene
0
40
70
100
200
.0065
.0070
.0075
.0080
.0091
Temp
OF
Viscosity
Centipoise
Butylene
66
.0074
212
.0095
carbon Dioxide
144
.0090
76
.0106
32
.0139
68
.0148
86
.0153
Carbon Monoxide
32
.0166
.0172
59
260.8
.0218
Chlorine
122
.0147
212
.0168
302
.0187
392
.0208
32
63
Ethane
.0085
.0090
Ethylene
.0091
68
.0101
122
.0110
212
.0126
32
Butane
0
40
70
100
200
68
.0075
.0080
.0085
.0090
.0104
32
68
Helium
.0186
.0194
Temp Viscosity
Of Centipoise
Hydrogen
-172
.0057
-143.5
.0062
-25
.0077
.0084
32
.0088
69
264
.0182
Hydrogen Chloride
54.4
.0139
.0141
61.8
212
.0182
Hydrogen Sulfide
.0117
32
.0124
62.6
212
.0159
Methane
.0102
32
68
.0109
212
.0133
Nitrogen
-6.7
.0156
.0171
51.6
.0178
81
261
.0219
440
.0256
Oxygen
32
.0189
67
.0262
262
.0257
440
.0302
TeMp Viscosity
If Centipoise
n-Pentane
77
212
.0068
.0101
Temp
Of
Viscosity
Centipoise
Propylene
.0083
.0093
62
122
Propane
64.2
213
Temp
Of
Viscosity
Centipoise
Sulfur Dioxide
32
.0116
64.4 .0124
68.9 .0125
213
.0161
.0079
.0101
Table 70. Viscosity ot Various Liquids
Temp Viscosity
of Centipoise
Acet;cAcid
59
64
77
86
106
212
1..31
1.30
1.155
1.04
1.00
.43
Acetic Anhydride
32
59
64
1.24
.971
86
.783
.490
212
.90
Acetone
14.0
.'450
.399
32.0
.337
59.0
. 316
77.0
Temp Viscosity
OF
Centipoise
Temp Viscosity
Of
Centipoise
Ammonia
Chlorine Liquid
-40
.505
-20
.462
-92
-58
-40
-28
.475
.317
.276
.255
Benzene
32
50
68
86
104
122
.912
.758
.652
.564
.503
.442
20
60
100
Ethlbenzene
63
32
59
68
86
104
140
1.329
1.038
.969
.843
.739
.585
.691
Ethylene Glycol
68
104
140
carbon
Tetrachloride
.400
..350
.313
176
19.9
9.13
4.95
3..02
Ethylene Oxide
-57
37
5.8
32.0
.577
.488
.394
.320
69
Fluorobenzine
.598
68
.389
140
.275
212
Glycerine
32 12110
43 6260
59.0 2330
1490
68
77
954
629
86
Heptane
.524
32
.461
63
.409
68
77
.386
.271
104
Hexane
.401
.326
.294
77
104
.271
32
68
Hydrochloric
Add 31.5%
3.4
0
2.9
20
2.5
40
2.0
60
1.8
80
1.6
100
140
70
.2
Temp Viscosity
of
Centipoise
Temp Viscosity
of
Centipoise
Iodine Liquid
241
2.27
Nitric Acid
32
2.275
Isoheptane
32
.481
68
.384
104
.315
Nitrobenzene
2.91
37
42
2.71
2.48
50
68
2.03
Isohexane
32
.376
68
.306
104
.254
Nitromethane
32
.853
77
.620
Isopentane
32
.273
68
.223
Methyl Alcohol
(Methane)
-48
1.98
32
.82
59
.623
68
.597
86
.510
Methyl Chloride
0
.25
20
.23
40
.21
60
.19
100
.16
Naphthalene
176
.967
212
.776
n.. Octane
32
68
104
.706
.524
.433
Pentane
.289
.240
68
32
Phenol
2.7
3.49
2.03
194
1.26
65
122
158
Phosphorous Liquid
71
2.34
2.01
88
110
1.73
123
1.60
140
1.45
158
1.32
Temp Viscosity
Of Centipoise
Sodium Hydroxide
70
100
120
140
160
200
220
2.50
100
40
25
1S
9.S
3.7
2.4
1.4
Sodium Liquid
26
40
60
100
140
2.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
.85
Temp
Viscosity
Of
Centipoise
10.9
8.7
77.1
7.2
7.6
14.5
Temp Viscosity
Of
Centipoise
SuHuric Acid
32
48.4
59
32.8
68
25.4
86
15.7
104
11.5
122
8.82
140
7.22
Sulfur Dioxide
-28
.5508
13
.4285
32
.3936
71
lila:
J{\ ,
.0
J1~
2.0
'\
'0ll.#""
.9.""-.
8 ~,
.1
.6
.5
.4
"
'\\
i\ '~
~\ ,~
~~ ~ ~
,,~'II ~
'"
~~
03"
.2
~-
J\.
.1
"
.08
.01
.06
.05
.04
.'-
-~
"-
'I..'X' ......
'-.'1
"-
"""'-
"'OIil~
=" '""'"
'\..
""'-
"
""""
"-"""
"' "'
"-
'"
............
'" ~ ~ ~ """'--..
""
"'" --....
'-
r-.....
---. .........
I".
"-
i\
\
""'-
"-
"'ll"'-..
.....,
.m
-40
40
80
120
160
200
248
280
.320
360
1. Carbon Dioxide
2. Ammonia
3. Methyl Chloride
4. Sulphur Dioxide
5. Freon 12
6. freon 114
7. Freon 11
8. Freon 113
9. Ethyl Alcohol
10. Isopropyl Alcohol
C02
NH3
CH3CI
12. Dowtherm E
13. Dowtherm A
14. 2096 SOdium Hydroxide
15. Mercury
16. 10% Sodium Chloride Brine
17. 20% Sodium Chloride Brine
,e. 10% Calcium Chloride Brine
19. 20% calcium Chloride 8rine
52
F12
F114
F."
f113
20% NaOH
'0% NaCI
20% NaCI
20% CaCI2
20% eaoZ
72
!tl'lnn
21
1~
.........
1
\
\
1\
1........
800
1\
1\ ,
1&
200
.\
13\
1
80
60
12
40
30
20
~,'
.2
1""
~\
'
\ 1\:
\
1"..'
"'"
~~
\.
~~
1'00", ~'
1.\ \ \
~i\.' 1\
\. ~\ \ \
\~~,
~'~,
~
r--.
-2F ~
.1
\.
\
"
r"'oo
r--'Ioo-.
\1 \
1'1.'-':"""0-
...... r-.,
..
.3-I: .--
\\ 1\ \ \
...........
1.0 ~_
.81---- cs
.6
.4~
IS'~
32
\ \
~\
14 , . " \
~
~~~
10
ft
""
.......
11"",
1
8
f'
.......
~!'-_.
..
""-
.........
~~;
" " r,
._"'-
'"
"
.08
'"
.0
10
20
30 40
60 80 100
200
300 4IIl
7. Kerosene
8. Distillate
2. Propane(C] Hs)
3. Butane ((4 H10)
4. Natural Gasoline
5. Gasoline
6. Water
21. Asphalt
73
1\
1.6
.~1.4
~
~1.2
:\
\
fl.O
~0.8
-0
~0.6
Q)
..
,
~
\
1\
'-
"
0.4
ro-....
""'r---.Io-.
0.2
- I - - ~I--
1--......
r-to~
1.012
1.011
1.010
I T
1.009
J'/ ,/
L/ If)
J'I /
I ')
J'l ~t--Monel 8
cIJ If/ IHostelloy
I I I
1.007
Fa 1.006
1.005
J'l~
rJ
1.004
"!J ~ r--Jr,
1.003
1.002
Carbon Steel J
~
)~
1.00 I
74
_304 a
316 sST i'-.
1.008
1.000
2~)0
4l)0
61)0 800
Temperature-OF
100o
0.97
For HID
0.5
use
_fJ_
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.0
~f -
1.5
2.0
inches HzO/psio
0.38
0.50
0.60
0.70
XA-904-5H1)
~/
v ...
2.0
uca
l/
u..
c:
.70
~fIII'"
.60
.50
l...o'
ll...o'"
.JIll"
~
.40
.10
1.0
.90
.80
.~
.30
1.0
Specific Gravity
10
A-01'-421
75
2.0
\,
~
1.0
.90
.80
.70
'\.
"
"-
200
100
~~
300
.60
-.........
400
.50
r-----..-. r---.....
500
-----
800
700
600
r----
.40
.30
900
A-011-422
1.7
1.6
;:;
~
~
1.5
1.4
1.3
;:; 1.1
1.2
---
----
~V
~V
0.8
-100
100
200
300
400
500
600
Flowing Temperoture-F
76
-'~
--~
. . . V~
"uo 1.0
0.9
"".-
700
800
900
1000
E-0l1-175(1)
Table 79. Correction Factors for Specific Gravity, Pressure and Temperature for Flowing Conditions
---
3.0
2.5
2.0
~"""'"
'.8
"""'-
1.6
-----
...............
............
1.4
1.2
.....
lL
......
1.0
.g 0.9
~ 0.8
"
"'- ..............
............
g 0.7
""'-.
0.6
""'~
U 0.5
.......
0.4I
::::I
,~
a.
I"""-l
o.~
10
20
40
60
80 100
200
400
600 80010 00
F-011-78(11
~
0
z
; "1J
o::::I
....
a-
-----
en
m
r
"1J
0
Z
78
Rev 2.14.03
Retail Value
$15.00
All
ABB Inc.
125 East County Line Road
Warminster, PA 18974
Tel.: 1-800-829-6001
www.abbinfozone.com
Copyright 2004 ABS Inc. All rights reserved.
BK - Flowmeter Hndbk 01.04