Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BUSINESS
ORGANISATION
THROUGH
COMMERCIAL BANK.
1
BY
TECHNOLOGY.
(AKP/WRR/BMG/BUS/ND2007/……..)
SUBMITTED
NOVEMBER 2009
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CERTIFICATION
__________________ ________________
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DEDICATION
Jesus Name.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
work a success.
ones for their prayers, moral and financial support through this
program.
read through the manuscript without which this project would not
to………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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studies.
the write up, may God reward every effort of kindness and love
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ABSTRACT
that the entrepreneur should have access to a sum of money at least equal
to the projected revenue for the first year of business in addition to his
anticipated expenses.
The writer critically looked into the short comings of few business
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of low-income people and disadvantaged communities and (v)
from which the various data were obtained. Based on the data,
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
or turning a profit.
• Personal Savings
• Forming partnerships
• Angel Investors
• Banks
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• SME finance, including Collateral based lending and Venture
This is largely due to the fact that they are investing the
mind are-
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• What are various sources of funds available for business
organization?
enterprise?
following:
consideration.
organizations/firms.
7. Bankers
8. Cooperative societies
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(ii) To find out whether or not, development banks loans
enterprise.
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This was my situation. Although the time expended was too
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS THUS:
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1. Explain observed events in a systematic manner
Alternative Hypothesis(HI)
operating histories.
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1.6 THE STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH WORK
follows:
1. Introduction
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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
business plan. You will also need to have the most recent
Real estate;
Stocks or bonds;
Personal guarantees.
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Banks also want to know that you're making your own
How you plan to repay the loan and over what time
frame;
the business;
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Who else is involved in management or operations, and
that they will also be responsible for the proper use of the
starts it.
capital:
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• Self-financing by the owner through cash, equity
• Personal Savings
• Forming partnerships
• Angel Investors
• Banks
plans
card debt - usually a poor choice, given that the interest rate
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2.2 GETTING A BANK LOAN
Bankers like good character and good credit, but they live
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The criteria for business loans varies much more widely than
for consumer loans and often varies quite a bit from one
always be financed
loan chances
profitable business
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2.3 LOAN PRODUCTS
needs.
Receivables
or furniture
loans
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BANK SAYS `NO!`
business. Just make sure that you never lie how about you
example you could apply for a home equity loan to tap any
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better, but not necessary, to get a referral from a friend or
unless the loan officer requests them. The more details you
offer over the phone, the greater the chances you won't get
fact. Sound like you don't even need the money... that's the
Secured
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A mortgage loan is a very common type of debt instrument,
have the legal right to repossess the house and sell it, to
used car may be secured by the car, in much the same way
the useful life of the car. There are two types of auto loans,
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A type of loan especially used in limited partnership
forgiven.
Unsecured
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financial institutions under many different guises or
marketing packages:
• personal loans
• bank overdrafts
• corporate bonds
Demand
Demand loans are short term loans that are typical in that
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institution at any time. Demand loans may be unsecured or
secured.
overtime.
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acceptable interest rate has varied, from no interest at all to
debate.
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• Corporation: A corporation is a limited liability entity that
of economic democracy.
1.12 CLASSIFICATION
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There are many types of businesses, and because of this,
of a business:
capital.
buildings.
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• Retailers and Distributors act as middle-men in getting
Franchising
costs
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2.13 PROBLEMS FACED BY SMALL BUSINESSES
funding for the company could leave the owner liable for all
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even, the business must be able to reach a level of sales
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steps to accomplish it, and however he usually consults a
Section 18 of C.A.M.A
namely:
are two other persons of full age and capacity who have
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d) Who is disqualified under Section 254 of C.A.M.A from
capacity to do so.
CHAPTER THREE
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3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
The research method selected for the study is a combination
population;
workplaces;
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(v) The impacts of the confounding factors are “controlled”
statistically; and
(vi) The aim of the research may span from the exploration
The survey research method also has the merit that data
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3.2 SAMPLING
and the samples drawn from it. The population in this study
The list of all senior and junior staff of the firm is from the
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the sample. This method of sampling without replacement
3.3 Population
EFFURUN.
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3.4 DATA COLLECTION
Questionnaire
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Another attribute of the questionnaire that is sometimes,
al, 1976).
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There is also limitation of memory in reporting on past facts.
respondents to tick.
Interview
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personal interview method has the demerit that it is more
communication of a questionnaire.
Observations
The researcher and three other field data collectors did the
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3.6 DESCRIPTION OF DATA PRESENTATION AND
ANALYSIS TOOLS
a table include;
(c) Caption
prose information;
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(h) Patterns or trends within the figures which cannot be
prose formation:
CHAPTER FOUR
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4.1 INTRODUCTION
Walters 1995).
chapter include:
Data Presentation,
Percentage analysis
Cross-tabulated analysis
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Hypothesis testing
TABLE 4.1
THE SUMMARY OF THE PERSONAL DATA
OF THE RESPONDENTS
1 SEX FREQUENCY
Male 150
Female 50
Total 200
Angles
2 Marital Status subtended
Married 130 in degree
Single 70
Total 200
3 AGE
21-30 years 90
31-40 years 90
41-50 years 10
51-60 years 10
Total 200
4 HIGHER
EDUCATIONAL
QUALIFICATION
DIPLOMA 10 18
OND 30 54
HND 80 144
FIRST DEGREE 20 36
SECOND DEGREE 40 72
NIM 20 36
TOTAL 200 360
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The marital statuses of the 200 respondents it is found that
130 of them are married while 70 of them are single. For the
Second Degree, NIM. and they have frequencies of 10, 30, 80,
Figure 4.1 below shows the simple bar chart of the data on the
120-
100-
80
Frequency
60 --
40 -
20
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0 -
MAIL FEMALE
Gender
them.
Figure 4.2 below shows the simple bar chart of the data on
Frequency
140
-
the marital
120statuses of the respondents.
-
100
FIGURE 4.2:- THE SIMPLE BAR CHART OF THE DATA ON THE
MARITAL 80
STATUSES
- OF THE RESPONDENTS
60
-
40
-
20
-
0
-
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MARRIED SINGLE
Marital status
TABLE 4.3. MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS
frequency of 70 of them.
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OF THE RESPONDENTS.
0
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From figure 4.3 above, it is shown that the age classes limit
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distribution as the age classes of 20.5-30.5 years and 30. 5-
Figure 4.4 below shows the pie chart of the data on the
OND DIPLOMA
FIRST DEGREE
5%
15% OND
SECOND DEGREE 10%
20%
HND
80%
FIRST DEGREE 10%
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TABLE 4. 5 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
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From figure 4.4 above, the Educational Qualifications are
360, 720 and 360 and respectively at the center of the circle.
respondents
39 939
The above table shows that the total of 100 respondents
(out of 200 said YES. This proved that Banks normally make
OND 19 19
HND 14 30 47 91
FIRST
DEGREE 10 9 19
SECOND
DEGREE 40 40
NIM 21 21
Total 104 40 47 9 200
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regards whether a hypothesis is true or not is called test of
H1.
CHI-SQUARE TEST
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attributed to chance or whether it results from the
frequencies.
c =(O-E)2/E
Where,O=Observed frequency
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reduced human error and give also accurate outlay of
information.
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Observed Expected Residual Decision
F F
YES 104 50.0 54.0 Accept
NO 40 50.0 -10.0 Reject
DON’T
KNOW 47 50.0 -3.0 Reject
NO
ANSWER 9 50.0 -41.0 Reject
Total 200
Residuals
values.
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the null hypothesis is a function of the value of the tested
statistic.
TEST STATISTICS
Level of significance……….0.05
Critical value………………………43.0
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Calculated value……………………73.880
In the second test which state that For a business loan, the
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CHAPTER FIVE
4.1 FINDINGS
ones net income that is required for servicing debts that one
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• A loan is a type of debt. Like all debt instruments, a
5.2 SUMMARY
a loan.
"Be not thou one of them that strike hands, or of them that
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Fewer banks require guarantors and so this is going to be
let the amount be something below your net pay. The amount
strain.
credit cards for they are a sure way to poverty. Credit cards
When your income comes, the bank will take their bit
without negotiating.
but be unable to pay. If you present your case well you will
defaulting.
5.3 CONCLUSION
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Over the years, there have been discussions on how much
timing wrongly?
depreciating in value.
A car loan can be useful if one is sure that the car is going to
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Thus the idea of negotiating your way out for more time or
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REFERENCES
3. http://www.fbswllc.com/smallbusiness.html
- Table A.3 (the last time data was granular enough for the figures for
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6. Characteristics of Small Business Employees and Owners 1997, SBA
7. http://www.scorerochester.org/help/funding/sources.php
Unite", The New York Times, Special, Jan. 15, 1980, Business &
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