1 Antimalarial activity of Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir.

(Fabaceae) December 2003

Among strategies to combat malaria, the search for new antimalarial drugs appears to be a priority.
Sheering for new antimalarial activities, four plants of the traditional medicine of Burkina Faso:
Combretum micranthum, Khaya senegalensis, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Sida acuta, were tested in
vitro on fresh clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. The screening showed that Sida acuta has
a significant activity (IC50<5 g/ml), and Pterocarpus erinaceus has a moderate activity
(5 g/ml<IC50<50 g/ml). Further chemical screening showed that the activity of the most active
plant, Sida acuta, was related to its alkaloid contents.

2 First Report of Ageratum conyzoides L. and Sida acuta Burm F. as New Weed Hosts of
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Tanzania Virus (2003)
Tomato farms in the Dodoma region of Tanzania where a high incidence of Tomato yellow leaf curl
Tanzania virus has been reported were visited to survey for weed hosts. Weeds exhibiting
symptoms of infection by the virus were collected and identified. Lysates of leaf samples of the
weed species were prepared and clarified by centrifugation. The clarified sap was dotted on nylon
membranes and hybridised with a DIG-labelled probe. The putative viral DNA was extracted from
the samples by phenol-chloroform procedures, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction methods
using a primer pair designed to amplify a 1.2 kb fragment of the virus. Strong hybridisation signals
were observed when sap from Ageratum conyzoides and Sida acuta were hybridised to the labelled
probe. Similarly, the expected fragment size was obtained after amplification of DNA from both
samples. It is concluded that these weeds are new hosts of Tomato yellow leaf curl Tanzania virus.
An extensive search for yet undiscovered weed hosts is advocated, while the practice of farm
sanitation is encouraged to eliminate reservoirs of the virus and vector.

3 Studies on medicinal plants of Ivory Coast: Investigation of Sida acuta for in vitro
antiplasmodial activities and identification of an active constituent 2004, Pages 338341
Sida acuta Burm. (Malvaceae) originating from Ivory Coast was selected after an ethnobotanical
survey: traditional healers of malaria commonly used this plant for the treatment. Extracts were
tested on two strains of Plasmodium falciparum: FcM29-Cameroon (chloroquine-resistant strain)
and a Nigerian chloroquine-sensitive strain. Extracts were obtained by preparing decoction in water
of the powdered plant, the technique used by most of the traditional healers. An ethanol extract was
then made and tested. The IC50 values obtained for these extracts ranged from 3.9 to 5.4 g/ml.
Purification of this active fraction led to the identification of cryptolepine as the active
antiplasmodial constituent of the plant.

4 Sida acuta Burm. f.: a medicinal plant with numerous potencies

(2007)
Sida acuta is shrub belonging to Malvaceae family. The plant is widely distributed in the
subtropical regions where it is found in bushes, in farms and around habitations. Surveys conducted
in indigenous places revealed that the plant had many traditional usages that varied from one region
to another. The most cited illnesses are fever, headache and infections diseases. Indeed, many
laboratory screening have been conducted to show the scientific rationale behind these usages and
many compounds have been isolated from the plant. In the present review we listed the plant usages
in folk medicine in some regions where the plant grows and we discussed on the confirmed in vitro
activities after laboratory screenings. The review ended with the pharmacological properties of
several compounds isolated from S. acuta principally alkaloids.
5 Hepatoprotective studies on sida acuta burm f (July 2009)
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) is used in Indian traditional medicine to treat liver disorders and is
useful in treating nervous and urinary diseases and also disorders of the blood and bile.
Aim of the study
Evaluation of the hepatoprotective properties of the methanolic extract of the root of Sida acuta
(SA) and the phytochemical analysis of SA.
Materials and methods
The model of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats, liver histopathological
observations, hexobarbitone-induced narcosis and in vitro anti-lipid peroxidation studies were
employed to assess the hepatoprotective efficacy of SA. Phytochemical assay of SA was conducted
following standard protocols.
Results
Significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained against liver damage induced by paracetamol
overdose as evident from decreased serum levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate
oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin in the SA treated groups (50, 100,
200 mg/kg) compared to the intoxicated controls. The hepatoprotective effect was further verified
by histopathology of the liver. Pretreatment with Sida acuta extract significantly shortened the
duration of hexobarbitone-induced narcosis in mice indicating its hepatoprotective potential.
Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of the phenolic compound, ferulic acid in the root of
Sida acuta, which accounts for the significant hepatoprotective effects observed in the present
study.
Conclusion
The present study thus provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the
management of liver disorders.

6 Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three
important vector mosquitoes
(Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2010, Pages 691695Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2010, Pages
691695Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2010, Pages 691695)
Objective
To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. F. (Family:
Malvaceae)extract against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi.
Methods
Twenty five late III instar larve of three mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations
(15-90 mg/L) and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005; the 24 h L C
50 values of the Sida acuta leaf extract was determined following Probit analysis. The repellent
efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0
mg/cm 2 under the laboratory conditions.
Results
Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of crude extract of Sida acuta against three
important mosquitoes with LC 50 values ranging between 38 to 48 mg/L. The crude extract had
strong repellent action against three species of mosquitoes as it provided 100% protection against
Anopheles stephensi for 180 min followed by Aedes aegypti (150 min) and Culex quinquefasciatus
(120 min).
Conclusions
From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of Sida acuta was an excellent potential for
controlling Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopleles stephensi mosquitoes.
7 In vitro cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities of five medicinal plants of Malvaceae family
from Cameroon
May 2010, Pages 223228
The potential antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of extracts from five medicinal plants from
Cameroon were evaluated in vitro on HepG-2 cells. The results showed the significant decrease of
the viability of the cells in a concentration-dependent manner. According to the IC50 obtained, the
extracts of S. acuta (461.53 0.23) and U. lobata (454.93 0.12) showed significant
antiproliferative activity. At fixed concentration (250 g mL1), extracts demonstrated higher
antiproliferative activity (67.05%; 65.42%), (52.62%; 56.64%) and (32.98%; 36.85%) respectively
during 24, 48 and 72 h. Extracts of S. cordifolia and V. album demonstrated significant
antiproliferative property after 48 h while S. rhombifolia exhibited weak cytotoxicity. The results of
the antioxidant properties showed that theses extracts induced significantly increase of SOD, CAT
and GsT activity after 48 h. Taken together, the results extracts showed that of S. acuta and U.
lobata may be a promising alternative to synthetic substances as natural compound with high
antiproliferative and antioxidant activities.

8 Foliar studies in some species of sida l. (malvaceae)

The present study is on eight species of Sida L. (Malvaceae) viz., Sida acuta Burm. f., S. alnifoliaL., S. cordata (Brum.)
Borss., S. elongate Bl., S. mysorensis W. &Arn., S. rhombifolia L.,S. rhomboidea Roxb.And S. spinosa L.found
in Karnataka state..

9 Studies on the leaves of sida acuta burm Pharmacognostical,Phytochemical,Analytical &

Pharmacological Studies
LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ( 2013-03-08 )
Sida acuta Burm.f. is an erect perennial herb or shrub, 1.5mt high belongs to the family Malvaceae.
The different extracts at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight were studied for their antipyretic effect by
yeast induced pyrexia method and found that acetone extract was showing maximum effect, using
paracetamol as standard. The different extracts at a dose of 400mg/kg body weight were studied for
their analgesic effect by tail immersion method and found that acetone and petroleum ether extracts
was showing maximum effect, using diclofenac sodium as standard. The different extracts at a
concentration of 1, 2.5 and 5% were studied for their anthelmintic effect and found that acetone and
petroleum ether extracts was showing maximum effect amongst other extracts, using albendazole as
standard. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening were done followed by chromatographic
techniques.
10 Secondary metabolites from Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) and the Vasorelaxant Activity
of Cryptolepinone
The phytochemical study of Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) led to the isolation through
chromatographic techniques of eleven secondary metabolites: sitosterol and stigmasterol , sitosterol
glucopyranoside and stigmasterol Dglucopyranoside , phaeophytin A , 173-ethoxypheophorbide A
, 132-hydroxy phaeophytin B , 173-ethoxypheophorbide B (6), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone ,
cryptolepinone and a salt of cryptolepine . Their structures were identified by 1Hand 13C-NMR
using one- and two-dimensional techniques. In addition, the vasorelaxant activity of cryptolepinone
in rat mesenteric artery rings is reported herein for the first time.