Professional Documents
Culture Documents
S.No
IS Code No.
Year
2810
1979
5249
1992
2974 (Part 1)
1982
2974 (Part 2)
1980
2974 (Part 3)
1992
2974 (Part 4)
1979
2974 (Pmt 5)
1987
13301
1992
~----
t '
c'
(
(
(
)
)
Indian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
RELATING TO SOIL DYNAMICS
(First Revision
Chairman
PROF DINESH MOHAN
(CSIR) J
Member"
ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR. RESEARCH
(FE), RDSO
D&PUTY DIRECTOR RESEARCH
DBPUTY DIRECTOR
( CSMRS) ( Ailer.ak)
SHRl A. H. DIVANJ1
SHRI A. N. JANGLB (
DR GOPAL RANJAN
DR SHASHI K. GULHATI
( Cotltinu,d on pagt 2: )
@ Copyright 1979
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisber shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
)
)
(.J
f)
IS , 2810 - 1979
( Gonfinutdfrom pall' 1 )
Repruenting
Public Works Department, Government of Punjab,
Chandigarh
Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New
Delhi
Building & Roads Research Laboratory. Chandigarh
Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad
Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi
Members
SHRI O. P. MALHOTRA
SHRt
T. K.
NATARAJAN
RESEARCH OFFICER
SHlU K. R. SAXBNA
SECRETARY
DEPUTY SECRETARY (
SHal M. M. D. SETH
Alternate)
Public Works Department, Government of Uttar
Pradesh, Lucknow
DR B. L. DHAWAN (Allernate)
SHRI
SHRI
M. K.
N.
SURt
SINGHAL
SIVAGURU
D. V.
SIKKA (Altemal~)
SURI K. S. SRINIVASAN
SHRI SUNIL BERRS ( Altf>mat~
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER
Members
SHRT D. N. BHARGAVA
SHRI N. M. PATEL
SHRI AMAR SINGH
(Alternate)
)
IS , 2810 1979
Indian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
RELATING TO SOIL DYNAMICS
( First Revision)
O. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian
Standard, Institution on 23 March 1979, after the draft finalized by the
Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee had been
approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers definitions of ;erms relating to soil dynamics.
The symbols of some of the terms arc also given.
2. DEFINITIONS
lj
IS : 2810 -1979
2.3 Acceleration Pick-Up - An instrument for measuring the absolute
accelerations of vibrations.
2.4 Amplitude - Maximum displacement from mean position or position
of static equilibrium.
2.4.1 Doubl. Amplitude - Amplitude measured from peak to peak of the
wave.
rSI2810.I97I1
2.14.4 Viscous Damping - Where damping force is proportional to the
velocity of the system.
2.15 Damage Potential - A meamre of the damage caming capacity of
a ground motion.
2.16 Degree of Freedom. -- Number ofi11dependcnt coordinates required
to define a vibratory system.
2.17 Drop Hammer-A forge hammer used for die stamping where tho
side frame is mounted on the anvil.
)
)
)
l-
~,
IS 12810.1979
2.21.4 Resonance Column Apparatus ~ An apparatus in which a cylindrical
(solid and hollow) sample of soil can be excited at different frequencies
for determination of dynamic .oil properties ( dynamic shear modulu.).
2.22 Excursion - Variation of dependent of variable. from mean value
or variation of wave from centre line.
2.23 Flow Slides Due to Vibration - The flow of loose soil maS!
because of earthquake loading.
2.24 Forced Vibration - Motion of a system, when an external periodic
force is impressed on the system.
Fflquency - Natural
frequency
without
2.27 Frequency Ratio - The ratio of the forcing frequency to the natural
frequency of a system.
.
2.28 Inertia Force - The product of the mass of a system and the
acceleration.
2/19 LiqueEactioD - The phenomenon by which a submerged
cohcsion~
)
)
IS I 2810. 1979
2.33 Mass katio (b) - It is the ratio of the mass of machine foundation to the product of ma.s density and cube of the equivalent radius of
the base.
2.37 Motion
2.37.1 Aperiodic - When there is non-regularity of the system in
crossing its equilibrium position during motion.
S.. 2.37.2.
IS I 2810" 1979
2.46 Pseudostatic Analysis - Analysis in which dynamic action i.
replaced by an inertia force assumed to remain static.
2.47 Pulsatiug Stress - Stress which varies with time.
)
)
IS I 2810 1979
2.61.3 Spectral Velodry-Spectral response expressed in term. of the
maximum relative velocity.
2.62 Strain Amplitude - The maximum strain from its position of rest,
to extreme position of the vibrating particle.
2.63 Strain Gauge - Gauge for measuring strains in an elastic element of
vibration.
2.64 Synchronous - Two rotating machines having identical frequency.
2.65 Time of Loading - It is the time from the application of stress to
the time of reaching the maximum stress.
2.66 Time Period - See 2.41.
2.70 TranslIlissibiIity
2.70.1 Force -
-)
)
IS I 2810 1979
---;EOC-("l'_-.')--
v, or Vp = 'V
p (
+ .) ( I -
2.)
/"""'1:+2
= 'V
p-
where
VI, Vp
p = mass density)
Youngs modulus,
Lame's constants, and
V = Poisson's ratio.
A, f
retrograding elliptic orbit with one major vertical and one minor horizon..
tal component both in plane of propagation velocity.
VR = velocity of Rayleigh wave = a v, with 0'910 < a < 0'995
for 0'25 < < 0'50
where
a = angle of obliquity, and
= propagation velocity of transverse waves.
Vt
second medium).
". =
where
tJ ~ = V ~ = tJ
2p
(~ +v)
shear modulus,
p = mass density,
y
Pois30n's ratio,
10
IS I 2810 .1979
2.79 Yawing- Rotational motion of the foundation black about it'
vertical axis.
2.BO Yield Acceleration ~ The accelerational which yielding of a slope
of material OCCllIS.
2.81 Zoning - The various zone3 into which a country may be divided
for design of atructure!, etc, based upon tho seismic coefficient.
,
11
=----- -----
Unit
Symbol
Length
metre
Mass
kilogram
kg
Time
second
Electric current
ampere
Thermodynamic
kelvin
Luminous Intensity
candela
cd
Amount of substance
mole
mol
temperature
Supplementary Units
Quantity
Unit
Plane angle
radian
'ad
Solid angl.
steradian
.,
Unll
Symbol
Symbol
Derived Unit.
Quan!lty
DollnWon
mis'
Force
newton
N - 1 kg.
Energy
joul.
J -1 N.m
Power
watt
W -1 J/s
Flux
weber
Wb
Flux density
tesla
Frequency
hertz
Hz
Electric conductance
siemens
S=1A/V
Electromotive force
volt
V -1 W/A
Pressure, stress
pascal
Pa
Wb -1 V.s
'T
12
T - 1 Wb/m'
Hz - 1 cis
Pa
=00
( .-, )
1 Nfm l
(
(
IS 5249: 1992
'41 <814
( Reaffirmed 1995)
i l i .... rIO;
'"
( C!~HT ~'1~TaTUJ )
Indian Standard
DETERMINATION OF DYNAMIC PROPERTIES
OF SOIL - METHOD OF TEST
( Second Revision)
UDC 624'131'5
November 1992
Price Group 5
J
Foundation Englneering Sectional C'vm.
!:::.:) 4,
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( Second Revision) was adopted bv the Bureau ofIndian Standard., "C"r " e
draft finalized by the Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by ll,":
Civil Engineering DivIsion Council.
.
Several Indian Standards have been published for the design and construction of foundation for
machines of various types. These involves the use 01 dynamic properties of soil. The need for a
standard procedure for the determination of such properties therefore arose. The standard is meant
to fulfil this need.
The designer should choose the method appropriate to the codditions at a given site. In-situ
dynamic test by the forced vibration method may be found useful in most of the cases even though
it has the limitations of the plate load test. In layered soils, the wove propagation test has the
advantage that the dynamic properties of the layer of interest can be determined by suitably
adjusting the distance between the geophones. The resulrs obtained by a free vibration test should
be used with caution.
This standard was first published in 1969 and subsequently revised in 1977 which included the
block vibration tests both under free and forced vibration conditions. shear modulus tests, wave
propagation tests and cyclic plate load tests. Guidelines are provided for choosing the design
parameters consistent with the conditions of confinement and strains which are likely to occur in
an actual problem. This revision has been taken up to incorporate further improvements found
n,cessary in light of determination of dynamic properties of soil, since its last publication.
In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international coordinalion
among the standards and practices prevailing in different in addition to relating it to the practices
in tho field in this country.
In reporting the result of a test made in accordance with this standard, if the final value. observed
or calculated i. to be rounded off, it .hall be done in ",ccordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for
rounding off numerical values ( revised J'.
)
)
IS 5249 : 1992
Indian Standard
DETERMINATION OF DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF
SOIL - METHOD OF TEST
( Second Revision)
1 SCOPE
2 REFERENCES
4 APPARATUS
3 TERMINOLOGY
3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the relevant
definitions'in IS 2810 : 1979 and the following shall
apply. The notations given in Annex B shall also
apply.
Elastic
Non-Uniform
IS5249: 1992
4.6 Displacement Pick-up
Amplitudes mar be directly measured using
displacement pIck-ups. These should be of
appropriate capacity and should have Oat frequency
re,';j!Qnse in tbe range 0 to 100 Hz or more and should
be of high sensitivity; accuracy should be not less
than 2 percent.
4.7 Geophones
Bz =[
C~.
. - 5.1 'Fest-Pit
A test pit of suitable ~ize depending upon size of
,
J
IS 5249 : 1992
5.4.2 Detetmination ofCoefJicient ofElastic Uniform
CompresSion 'of Soil
wbere
f~
4,,' fnz M
= Natural
frequency;
A = A
M
A
wbere
C.1
=C
A,
A,
fI.
JAlA,
where
Xm
{.,
is equal to Xm
";2
2"
lo~
Xm
0.04-0.12
n,-'
0.1
0,04
fl.,
2fM
6.1 Equipment
f, -[,
=
=
=
f,. [,
'
-o(d,-d,)
Td,
l\f-;;e
m"
IS 5Z49 : 199Z
.BLOCK
FIG. 1
PICK -UPS
'0
I"~
..,..i..-
--
POWER
StPPLY
c::J
I.LOC)(
OSCILLOGRAPH
AMPLIFIER
FIG.
~.
PEAK AMPLITUDE
,.0 L
3'0
W
Q
...
It
;:;)
20
10
J
0
'2
,/
Ifnz If,
.FREQUENCY. CPS
In
15
20
25
30
35
FREQUENCY. CPS
FIG.
- -
FlG.
.J
)
IS 5249 : 1992
6.2.4 The magnitude of the load increment should
be such that Ibe ultimate load is reached in five
to six increments. The initial loading and unloading
cycles up to Ibe safe bearing capacity of the soil
should be wilb smaller increments in load. The duration
of each loading and unloading cycle upon the type
of soil under investigation.
V. is
= Af
V.
given by:
where
C,
= S,
7.:U Equipment
kgf/cm'
where
=
=
S.
7.2.2 Procedure
7.1 The wave propagation tests for determination
of shear modulus may be conducted by making seismic
waves to pass Ibrough the ground by impact of a
hammer and determining the time of travel of these
waves between two points at a known distance apart
or by measuring Ibe phase difference between vibration
at two pointer under steady vibrations.
;rS
It
+ 2 (AI - i.,)
=S
where
A = Wavelength in em,
S
t.., =
Al
)
)
IS 5249 : 1!191
,
"
z
X",+II. Wd'
VI"!
Ir ) j, ( ; .
(m
"1
. , wdl
II;
w
..
!I
L2~-L2~~
FIG.
LOAD=--
Il
0.15
,.lEww
~
~
..~
;;!
~
:ll
...~
60
40
20
DISTANCE.
AVERAGE VELOCITY Vc
f mi.
CI
ELASTIC REBOUND-
Cu-l;
J
j
IS !l249 : 1992
Cq,
CIjJ = 1.5 Ct
NOTE - The relation between C.' Ct, C4 and ell' depends
upon elastic properties of medium, the soli, the size and shape
of oonlacl area and nexjbUity of rigidity of the foundation.
= sIt
where
V, = ve]ocity of compression waves, in mls;
s = distance in m; and
= corresponding time of travel of waves in
sec.
(1 + e) (1 - 2)
E= Vc P
(1 _ e)
2
where
p = Mass density of soil
e
Poision's ratio of soil
be
used:
0/ soil
Ty~
,
O.S
0.30 to 0.3S
O.IS to 0.2S
Clay
Sand
Rock
= 2 0 (1 + e)
= V.'P
3.46 Ct
'=
--=
where
p
V.
= Poission's
where
0, and 0
8 THE
COEFFICIENT
OF
ELASTIC
UNIFORM SHEAR AND ELASTIC NONUNIFORM SHEAR
ratio of soil.
C.
(::'J
1.5 to 2 Ct
7
IS 5249 : 1992
with strain levels may be studied to arrive at an
appropriate values corresponding to the expected
strain level.
ANNEX A
( Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS
Title
IS No.
1888 : 1982
(second revision).
2720
(Part 12 ) : 1981
Title
IS No,
revision)
revision)
2810 : 1979
2720
Methods of test for soil :
(Part28 ) : 1974 Part 28 Deterroination for dry
ANNEXB
( Clause 3.0 )
NOTATIONS
SYMBOL
A,
A,
a
C,
& C"
ap 8< G<!>,
g;p &
C,'
E
F
f'
1. & f,
""
g
I
Mm
Mm.
S
S
]1
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
.
Coefficient of elastic uniforro shear of soil for area A and A, respectively
Coefficient of elastic non-uniforro sbear of soil
Young's modulus
Peak dynamic force
Frequency of propagating waves
Frequencies at which amplitude is X /-./2
Horizontal resonant frequency of bloCk and soil system
Dynamic sbear modulus of soil
Acceleration due to gravity
Moment of inertia of foundation contact area about a borizontal axis
passing through centre of gravity of the area and perpendicnlar to
direction of vibration
Mass of block
Mass moment of inertia of the block about a horizontal axis passing
througb tbe centre of gravity of the block and perpendicular to
direction of vibration
Mass moment of intertia of the block about the horizontal axis passing
through the centre of gravity of contact area of block and soil and
perpendicular to the direction of vibration
Distance between geophones or pick-ups
--ElastiG-rcbound- -Compression wave velocity
Cm'
Cm'
mm
rnm/s'
kgf/cm'
kgf/cm'
kgf/cm'
kgf/cm'
kg
Hz
Hz
Hz
kgf/cm'
rnm/s'
cm'
kg s'lcm
kgf/cm/s'
kgf/cnt/s'
em
_em _
cnt/s
_J
l
IS 5249 : 1992
SYMBOL
}
x:."y/..,
m+1
t
p
UNIT
. DESCRIPTION
t;'1
;.,
y
cm/s
mm
mm
s
kg s'/cm'
em
mdian
radian
ANNEX C
( Clause 3.2 )
EXTRAPOLATION OF FREQUENCY RESPONSE CURVE FOR
OBTAINING NATURAL FREQUENCY OF THE SYSTEM
Cl
In case of stiff soils where tbe resonant
frequency is higher tban the limit to which the block
can be excited by the vibmtion equipment, extmpolation
of the response curve may be resorted to as indicated
below to evaluate the resonant frequency of tbe system.
This bolds for a single degree of freedom system
as in case of vertical vibrations. However, workable
values of f may also be obtained for horizontal
vibrations. n
mo = Eccentric mass,
= Eccentricity,
m = Frequency of excitation
k = Spring constant, and
e = Coefficient of damping.
00 = 21r.f
AI = MI( moe )'
A, = (c'-2kM )/{( mo.e)' (2" )'}
and A, =
k'/{( mo.e), (21r. )'},
AI!' + A,P + A, = (f'fA.')
A,
=J(k-mm' )'+e'Ol'
m o eool
ANNEX D
( Clause 7.3.3 and 9.5 )
RELATIONSIDP BETWEEN SHEAR MODULUS, YOUNG'S MODULUS,
COEFFICIENT OF ELASTIC UNIFORM COMPRESSION, ETC
Values of shear modulus G and Young's modulus
E are related to each other by the relation given
below:
E
I
G = 2( 1 + E)
=(1
- e')
VA
where
A = area of contact
where
e = Poision's ratio,
9
Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of 1', Rw"~" "r Ind'"o
Standard. Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. Toe <;t .... dar. 1 ~~ark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have b.,"" pr .. d"ced
to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined ,v,'em "r in'p<ctlOn.
testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BT" ,,"01 ,.~ 'r "e 1 hy the
producer. Standard marked products arc also continuously chech'j hv 'liS r'f ,,"nfprmiIY
to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions unde' ,I, i<'h a li"c""e I'M Ihe
USC of -the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or "l-n l'Ic~r,\ III IV he obrained
from'the Bureau ofIndian Standards.
Dale of Issue
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.'
Indian Standard
(Second Revision)
Second Reprint MAY 1993
UDC
624'15\1'11: 621'\1-12
o
BUREAU
MANAK
OF
BHAVAN,
Copyrlgh, 1982
INDIAN
9
BAHADUR
STANDARDS
SHAH ZAPAR MARG
Gr 6
December 11182
i
)
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART I
( Second Revision)
Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 43
Chairman
RepreJ6nting
C@utral Build~g Research
Roorkee
Institute
( CSIR ),
M~J7ibeu
D:s: R. K.
Central Building
Roorkee
BRANDARI
.
SnBr D.E;VENDRA SHARlIIA
S.
GURA (
AIl,rnatl )
SURl M. G. DANDA-VA-Tn
SHU! N. C. DUGGAL
SiIRIA. G.
DASTJDAR
Institute (CSIR),
(AlfmTal6 )
CBIEF EllOJNEER
SHRI
Research
(Altlrnatl)
In perional capacity
(5 Hungerford
CfJurt, 121,
SHiLl V. C. DESlfl."ANDE
SF]\} A. GJ,OSftL'
DJ:Rll:CTOR ( CSMRS )
( CO~fiftll~d on p"f!e 2 )
~ OlP..'ITiglll
1982
or
)
)
Representing
National Buildings Organisation, New Delhi
Ministry of Railways
( GE ).1, RDSa
J,lIN''
DIHEO'l'OR
RESEAROH
O.
P. MALHUTRA
Sum A. P. MATHUR
Smu V. B. M.'\.TRUR
SHItI T. K. D. MUNS!
SHRI M. IYENGAR ( Alternate)
SHRI B. K. P -\.NTlIAKY
The Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
S HRI V. M. MADGE ( Alternate)
SaRI M. R. PUNJA
Cemjndia Co Ltd, Bombay
SHEI S. MUKHERJEE ( Altlrnat, )
SHRI N. E. V. RAGHVAN
The Braithwaite Burn & Je5Sop Construction
Company Limited, Calcutta
PROF GOF'AL RANJAN.
University of Roorkee, Roorkee
DR V. V. S. RAO
Nagadi Consultants Private Ltd. New Delhi
SlIRI T. N. SUBBA RAO
Gammon India Limited, Bombay
Slim S. A. REDDI ( Alt~rnate )
SHRI ARJUN RURSINGHANI
Cement Corporation ofI~dia. New Delhi
SaRl O. S. SRIVAsrAvA (Alternatl)
DR A. SARGUNAN
College of Engineering, Guindy
SHIn S. BOMMlNA'I'HAN ( Alternate)
SHRr K. R. SAXENA
Engineering Research Laboratories~ Government of
Andhra I'rade3h, Hyderahad
( DESIGNS)
EXEOUTIVE
ENGINEER
( DESIGNS) V ( Alternate)
SHRr M. D. TAHBEKAR
DR A. VARADARAJAN
Dt R. KANIRAJ (Alternate)
SHRI G. RAM .... N,
Secretary
Smu K. M. MATHUR
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ) lSI,
22 )
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART I
( Second Revision)
O.
}'OREWORD
require~ent of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off i n accordance
with IS: 2-1960~. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this
stannard.
(r~r}is~d).
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions of the following term
shall apply ( see Fig. 1 ).
y .
Mz
rZ
~'f
Yc
x
ZM
iC/
a?,~
~~c
Pm
Lateral
Long-itudinal
Vertical
P,
Pitching
M.
Pv
Rocking
M.
Yawing
M,.
FIG. 1
o = Combined Centroid
of Foundation
and Machinery System
)
)
rz.
2.4 Torque
2.4.i Harmonic Torque Reaction ~ Turning moment jn plane of axes
the frequenCies of which depend on number of cylinders and
configuration of the machine.
XZ,
2.5 Periodic Motion - The motion which repeats itse1f in all -its
particulars at regular intervals of time is caned the periodic motion.
it~elf
at
}
)
(f. ) -
)-
IS : 2974 ( Part I )
19112
VERTIC AL
YAWING
(-"
'-r:::-4r~-?
,,-X
1i
ROCKING
Lateral
Longitudinal
Vertical
Pitching
Rocking
Yawing
p.
p.
P,
The axis
FIG.
PITCHING
M..
~'vf.u
2.12 Mass-Spring
Sy.te~
2.12.2 "Multiple Mass.Spring Sl.si,m - A uumber of rigid bodies connected by a series of relatively flexl ble springs. The natural freqenciE;!s depend
on the number of degrees of freedom being defined as the number of
co-ordinates required to identify a point on the rigid body.
2.13 Fatigue Factor or Fat/gue Coefficient - The factor of safety
utilized to obtain equivalent static force for a dynamic force 50 as to take
care of reduction in the strength of the conCrete and steel due to repeated
loading. The factor should be assumed as 3 unless otherwise specified.
a)
b)
c)
d)
External forces,
External primary couples,
External secondary couples, and
Harmonic torques.
machines~
as given
4.2 Data OD Ground and Site Conditions - The foHowing soil data
'hall be known:
a) Soil profile and soil
charactp.ri.~.tics
up
10
J
)
criteria shall be applied to all possible modes of vibration, it may be perm'tted to operate machines elmer to the resonance in certain modes of
vibration provided the resulting amplitudes do not exceed the permissible
limit.
NO'.rlC - Even though machine may be balanced, minor disturbing rorces can
occur due to manufd.cturin" tolerances and other causes, for sensitive installations,
the frequencies arising from these may have to be considered.
Fig. 3.
5.3.3 Limitation of Vibration Amplitude to Al'oid Discomfort of PersonsFor low speed machines, it is unlikely that foun"lations which satisfy
5.3.2 ",,,'ill produce viqrations of sufficient amplitude to be diMnrbing to
persons. In special cases where there are particular reasons to avoid
discomfort to per:iOnnel, a low permis-;ible amplitude corresponding to
opera ting freqUfmcy of machine can be read off from Fig. 3.
A""11
150
\.
'\.
100
i\
15
1\
1\
If)
0-
25
20
15
Q:
W
0
'"iu
10
7.5
5'0
1\
SO
"-
;:
I \.
""
I f)
1\
1\
a:
II>
1'\
O'
['\1\
;; 250
!b
0
III
:;>
~
.......
2'00
S'
150
1 00
0.50
025
1
10
20
30
50
100
160
( HZ ,
OISTURBING FREQUENCY
Lin(! ADD' Limit to Avoid Damage to Buildings
Line A.CC' Limit to Avoid Serious Discomfort to Persons
Line ABB' Limit to Ensure Reasonable Comfort to Person'>
NUTE -
II
Pile foundations may be used in cases where the soil conditions are
unsuitable to support block foundation or when natural frequency of the
block foundation~ needs to be raised in cases where it is impossible to
alter dimensions ot when amplitudes or settlement or both need to be
reduced.
Cellular foundations may be used in special cases where it is
necessary to maintain the rigidity of <J block foundation but with mass
saving of concrete. Wherever possible provision shall be made in
cellular foundations to add mass by filling the voids to adjust the natural
frequency of foundation block provided this does not result in additional
settlement.
5.4.2 Dimensions of Concrete Foundation Blocks - For inhial dimensioning
of the concrete foundation block'S, the fonowing empirical rules may be
allowed.
12
M 15
250000
M20
300000
M25
340000
M 30
370000
5.4.3.3 The soil stress below the foundations shall not exceed
80 percent of the allowable stres5 under ::.tatic loading determined in
accordance with IS: 64031981"1- When sei-.;mic force~ are considered
allowable stress in the soil shall be increased as specified in IS : 18J3197 5
13
14
.I
5.4.5.3
'(.
,
1\lt,:; f~i :),"'ing no-inb;.fj!lall be cOllside~'e.d whil~ arrz.r..ging the-
reinfor~ements:.
_.
.'
tt) The c.;ds (,f rhil~] t;tJ';;el (if used).' shall a!ways be hooked
~r,re!);Ject!.'..'!
,:-:-
w~11.i~ier
they are
de3igr~ed
pJ:e3sion,
b)
R:=:n.t[,r~c.~_{;,(;:
c) If tr:.e hc.:Sht.
r~ia[o~Teul.:.r.Lt
d'.re.cLont'o ?: 'Q
an
~.
4
"..
"'
,t
:'.~ .. 6.1 V'lit. . .(,-i{ i~ ~(u~~d II} ' . . ~ imp:z.ct~cabl~ to de:;ign a fOllD-dation
eonsi1t:rig of-a sith'Jie cOncrete Llcck resting on the natural soils to give
satisfac~ory dynamic Ghar~r,teiisticsJ it may be po~sible to reduce thp.
trans1l1l;j'cd "ibraE:;.\!"l'~ to acceptable 1~V-c15 by means' of anti-vibration
mounting.
5.4..6.2 Depending upon the nature of the machinery
!n<;tallaiion: the ar!.ti--v'i0ta~ion rr~,ounting may be w~ed:
and the
f'-J~li1dat~on
6. CONSTRUCTION
~.'a;;x~~c: ~tr;~ngth shc.ll ',ie siJe.:ifiacl '){l {he basi~ of
23-c.ay (;ub:= st~.~L.c>~L '1':',':; ~:~r..cre~e g::de s!1a.Ii he at lc~st 1\1-15
(according to I':: 4S:;i07Bi< .\.
6.1. Cfuu:re":e -
"'Code I'I~practi("c
f.):"
con'~rctc
(third 1"']visioll ;,
15
)
)
truction joi~ts.
6.3.1 Cement grout used for fitting or embedding shall consist of one
part of Portland cement and two parts of clean sharp sand mixed to a
moist consistency sufficient to facilitate the grout being fully worked
Air
6.4.4 Forms shaH be strong arid secure and well covered to prevent
leakage. The cement grout shall be poured from. one :;ide to avoid
ror,ming air pockets and be carried out continuously without interruption
so that)illing is continuous and dense.
6.4.5 On completion of the curing of the grout underfill the machine~
.hall be finally checked to ensure that its alignment is acceptable.
6.4.6 Exposed surfaces of grout and concrete shall be prepared. and
given two. coats of.an oil and a.lkali resistant coating.
16
"
I i
)
,
IS: 297'4 ( Part I ) - 1982
7.3
~easure~ents
7.3.2 The transducers shall be preferably piezo electric type or geophones -meeting the requirements as in"7.3.1.
7.3.3 The transducers shall be mounted firmly to the foundation. The
transducers shall not be merely rested on the foundation or held with
hand.
17
)
}
J
)
APPENDIX
( Clause 3.1 )
NOTATIONS
SYMBOL
DESORIPTION
UNIT
cm2-
A.
em
A.
em
A.p
Damping constant
radian
dimension~
less
c,
c.
c,
Critical damping
kg-s/cm
kg/cm3
kgJcm 3
C1>
kg/cm3
em
Frequency
cIs
In
Natural frequency
cis
jnl.Jn2
cis
cIs
jn>
cis
f"
cIs
18
SXMBOL
UNIT
u'
cIs
em
Moment of inertia of contact area with respeet to the axis of rotation passing through
the centrojd of the area
em'
Stiffness of spring
kg/em
em
rotation
M,
Dynamic moment
kg/em
Mrn
kg-em-5 2
Mm.
kg-em-s 2
kg~s2/cm
m,
kg _g2/cm
P.
kg
kg
em
Circular frequency
radianJs
Wn
radiants
"_
19
APPENDIX
( Clause 54.3 )
ANALYSIS FOR THE DETERMTNATiON OF NATURAL
FREQUENCIES AND AMPLITUDES OF FOUNDATIONS
ACCOMPANIED BY SIMULTANEOUS ROTATION,
SLIDING AND VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT ( MASS
SPRING ANOLOGY )
B .. l. Limiting Natural Frequencies frequencies.shall be calculated as follows:
1"
."'=
j'
The
limiting
naLuraI
C",l-- WL
-41tzM;~~-
Gil A
"4;,;'\!m
"'
an,lj'
_ CT A
no: - ."
41t' 2 m
B-2.1 When the centre of gravilY (11' mass of machine and founcl"ation
and cen1roid of eonta'Ct area of fonncation lie on the same vertical lint",
the vertical vibration of foundation is in(:-ependent of vibraliofl:-;- in
r--mC, A-
f,m:=~'V
j"
nI
1" __
I
.2 -
2y
[1".", + 1""'
t/.z
where Y = Mm/Mm,.
Amplitudes arc calcu~ated as follows:
A,=
m ew 2
o
. . . .-.....
V (k
",2)2
,
C2
w"
20
11Z
The natural
+ CdL2 -
M m ,.2) p. C<ALMi
.
16 10 4m Mm (12 ._]2 ) (J2 - ] . )
(C,p I - WL
A:IJ =
.
til
n2
A
4> =
. G<ALP.
Cd - m ",' ) Mi
16 ,,4m Mm (12 -]2, (12 - J2)
nl
n2
11:11
where '"
nz
.= -.
M",
n..2.4
~lot
.the
f2
n
assuming
arbitrary values of !fi' Draw a straight line corresponding to the left hand
side of the above equation. The abscissas of points of intersection
of the two plots give the unknowil roots J2 J2 and J2 which are the
tIl
112
113
Fig. 2.
No'.rr, ~ For foundations having a relatively small eccentricity, say 5 percent of thf"
lPngth of a siele of the foundation contact area its effect lUay be negh,C"tC'd ami
computations 1UL'lY be based on formulae derived for.:: = 0,
B~3.
21
;
)
Convener
Smn T. K. D.
M'~NSI
,Member.s
SlIm]. K. BACWHT ( Alternate to
Shri T. K. D. Munsi )
5mu N. K.
B",~u
Duilding
Research
Institute
(CSIR),
RO(lrkee
DIREC'ron. ( TeD)
Dy
Dn M.
S-HRI
DHI:l'~C'l'OR (
K, GUPTA
A.
Tcn ) CAI/erl/ull')
jl. MUKHER,TF.l':
Limited, Ranchi
(Alternate)
National Therma1 Power Corporation
New Delhi
SHTl.I ASHOK TltEliAN ( Alternate)
SHRI M, V. PANnIT
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bhopal
SHRI P. C. N,w
Smu E. C, H. C.
SHRI D. H,
REDDY
PATEL
Limited,
(Alternate)
The Fertilizer (Planning & Development.) India
Limited, Dhanbad
SaRI S. P. CARAI ( Alternate)
DR P. -SrnNlvAsuLU
Struc.:tural Engi~c;ering Research Centre ( CSIR ),
Madras
. Dlt
N.
SInH 0, S.
~HHr
LAl\811MANAN
(Altemate)
SmYA~'l'AVA
S. K,
CHAT'I'Rn,nm (
Drt V. V. S. R.-\o
Smu IV!, PltlYA
Knllt A 11.
22
BUREAU
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Printed .t Simao PrintIng Pr.... O.lhl, Ind
)
)
FOU~IDATIONS
(Seaond Revision)
o!.ri9~n!l.u!!!.
(BDC 43)
Printed at Simco 'Prlntlng Pre&';-= "Oe-I'hl:"'ndift
(
(
Indian Standard
(Reaffirmed 1998)
(First Revision) .
Third Reprint JANUARY 1998
UDC
624.159 . 11:621.974.2:006.76
@ Co pyrighl J981
Gr 4
March 1981
IS
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART II
(First Revision)
Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 43
&presmting
CMirman
PaOP JlINBBH MORAl<{
(CSIR),
Roorkce
M""NrI
DRR. K._ARI
SHRl I. G. CHAOII:o
SHRl
GURA (AI_te)
s.
SHRl K. N. DADINA
(CSIR),
SHRI
M. G.
DANDAVATB
C Copyright 1981
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication i. protecte<l under the Indlon Cop)'rlfht Act (XIV of 19~7) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except Mth written pcrmiuion of the
publiBber shaD be deemed to be an iDfrinaemcnt of c:opyriaht under the said Act.
Members
SHRl M. IYENGAR.
Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi
Da R. K. M. BHANDARI (Altmra")
SHlU G. R. S. JAtN
G. S. Jain & Associates, Roorkee
JOINT DlRECTOa R.EsEAROH (SM) Ministry of RailwaY'
(RDSO)
JOINT Dnmaroa R.EsEARCH (B&S),
RDSO (AItmJal<)
.
DR R. K. KATTI
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-liS:HIlI""U~K;.._lK~.~KI"""IANl<lA
National Buildings Organlzanon, New DelEli
Smu SUNIL BERRY (Altmra"')
Smu S. R. KULKARNI
M. N. Dastu' & Company Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
Smu S. Roy (All"""",>'
SHRI O. P. MALHoTRA
Building & Roads Branch, Public Works Depart-
SIIJU A. P. MATHUR
Smu V. B. MATHUR
Smu: Y. V. NARAsIMHA RAO
AssuTANT
Pao....oR . (CIvn.
ENOO) (Altmra",)
SHRI M. R. PUNJA
Cementation Co Ltd, Bombay
SIIJU A. A. RAJU
Steel Authority uf India, New Delhi
DR. V. V .. S. RAo
NagadrConsuitant! Pvt Ltd; New Delhi
SBRI ARJUN RlpmNOHANI
Cement Corporation of India, New Delhi
SHRl O. S. SRrVASTAVA (Altmra",)
SHRI K. R. SAXENA
DR. S. P.
SRIVASTAVA
DR R. KMua (AlII,..",)
SHRI N. SrvAoURU
Roads Wing, Ministry of Shipping & Transport
SHRI S. SBETJlAJt.WAN (Altmra",)
SBRI T. N, SUllDA RAe
Gammon India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. A. lUmOI (Altmra",)
SWERIl<fENDINOENOlNERR (DEsIGN) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
fuq!0tITMl ENGINEBR (OasioN V) (Altmra",)
SIIlU M. D. TAMIl""""
Bombay Port Trust, Bombay
SHRI D. AJrrHA SDIHA,
Director General, 81S (&-qjJid. Member)
Director (Oiv Rugg)
s..,.WIy
SHIt] K. M. MATBUJt
Doputy Director (Civ Eng), BIS
(QmlImud "IBI' 15)
)
)
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART II FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPACT TYPE MACHINES
(HAMMER FOUNDATIONS)
(First Revision)
O. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard (Part II) (First Revision) was adopted by the
Indian Standards Institution on 31 July 1980, after the draft finalized
by the Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved
by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 The installation of heavy machinery involves careful design of their
foundations taking into consideration the impact and vibration characteristics of the load and the condition of the soil on which the foundation
rests.
While many of the special features relating to the design and con-
VaIUCl
(rl1ll#d).
->
)
IS
The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should
be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part II) covers design and construction of hammer
foundation subject to stray and repeated impacts and where the ratio
of mass of anvil to foundation is high.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following and the relevant definitions in IS: 2974 (Part 1)-1964*, shall apply.
2.1 Anvil- A base-block for a hammer on which material is forged into
shape by repeated striking of the tup (see Fig. I).
ANVIL
FOUNDATION
BLOCK~
TROUGH
,
j
IS 2974
ELASTIC I
(P~rt
U) 1980
~V,I!~
CORK
(ANV SOFT I"'''''''TI-
GAP
RCC TROUGH
PILE
I B Resting on Plies
,
)
Ie Resting on Soli
FIG.
3. NECESSARY DATA
3.1 Hammer Details
a) Total mass of hammer, that is, mass of frame, and falling parts;
b) Mass of falling parts, that is, mass of tup and top die;
c) Mass of anvil (in case guide frame of the hammer is attached to
the anvil, the mass of the frame should be added);
d) Energy of impact;
e) Number of blows per minute (this may vary depending on full stroke
and -short stroke);
f) Base dimensions of the anvil;
g) Manufacturer's drawing showing general cross section, pian, elevation of anvil, frame base, anvil base, etc, including details of anchor
boIts;- and
h) Coefficient of impact of anvil in extreme case for die to die blow.
Material,
Elastic modulus,
Maximum allowable deformation, and
Allowable atress intensity.
6
4. DESIGN CRITERIA
4.1 Geaeral Coasideratioas - The hammer foundation shall satisfY the
following requirements:
a) The design of the entire foundation system shall be such that the
centres of gravity of the anvil and of the fOWldation block, as weIl as
the resultants of the forces in the elastic pad and the foWldation
support, !lct as ra. as practicable so as to coincide ...nth the line of
fall of the hammer tup. While determining the centre of gravity
of the fOWldation block the weight of the frame and of the tup shall
also be considered.
b) The foundation shaIl be SO designed that the induced vibrations in
the structures nearby are within the safe limits fixed for them.
c) In case of hammers having continuouSimpacts, the design shall be
such that the natural frequency of the fOWldation system will not be
a whole number multiple of the operating frequency of impact. A
natural frequency of the foundation system of two-and-a-half times
the frequency of impact or more may be considered satisfactory.
When the natural frequency is designed to be less than the frequency
.Codc of practice for subaurf'ace investigations for foundatiOn! (.firs' ,.vifion).
fMcthod of telt for determination of dynamic propertiea of lOili (firsl wino,,).
)
)
,--Up to
I tonne
For foundation block
For-anvil
Imm
I mm
Mass ,'lfTup
1 to 3 tonnes
--.,
More than
3 tonnes
15 mm
2mm
2mm
3 to4mm
4.3.2 In case any important structure' exists near the foundation, the
amplitude of the foundation should be adjusted so that the velocity of the
vibrations at the structure does not exceed 03 cm/s.
4.4 Dimensional Criteria
4.4.1 Area - The area of the foundation block at the base shall be
such that the safe loading intensity of soil is never. exceeded during the
operation of the hammer.
4.4.2 Depth - The depth of the foundation block shall be so designed
that the block is safe both in punching shear and bending. For the calculations the inertia forces deVeloped shall also be included. However,
the following minimum thickness of foundation block below the anvil shall
be provided:
Mass 'If Tap
Thickness (Depth) 'If
Foundation Block, Min
Tonnes
m
Up to 10
100
125
10 " 20
175
20 " 4'0
225
4'0 .. 60
2'50
Over 6'0
5. VIBRATION ANALYSIS
5.1 Drop and Forge Hammers - The machine foundation system .hall
be analysed as a 2-mass system, with anvil forming one mass and the foundation block as the second mass. The analysis ofa two-mass system is.uggested
in Appendix A. For analysis the dynamic force is calculated on. the basis
of momentum equation. In case of stray or random impact hammers
(when the operating frequency is less than 150 strokes per minute) the
natural frequencies need not be calculated. The deflection of the foundation under a 'single impact should be calculated. This deflection should
be within permissible amplitudes. In case of high speed hammers (whose
operating frequency is more than 150 strokes per minute) the detailed
analysis will have to be conducted to determine the natural frequencies
as well as the amplitudes.
6. CONSTRUCTION
6.1 The foundation block should be made of reinforced concrete. The
concrete used .hall be of grade not less than M 15 conforming to IS : 4561978*.
6.2 It is desirable to cast the entire foundation block in one operation.
If a construction joint is unavoidable, the plane of joint shall be horizontal
and measures shall be taken to provide a proper joint. The following
measures are recommended.
6.2.1 Dowels of 12 to 16 mm diameter at 60 mm centres should be
embedded to a depth of at least 30 em on both sides of the joint. Before
placing the new layer of concrete, the previously laid surface should be
roughened, thoroughly cleaned, washed by a jet of water and then covered
.Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (third reDision).
J
)
IS
;>"
FIG.
6.6 Air.gaps and spring elements provided for the purpose of damping
vibrations shall.be accessible in order to remove scales and enable inspection
of springs and their replacement, if necessary.
6.7 Hanimer foundations which are 'cut-in' by the anvil pits shall be
made so deep that the parts which are weakened by the indent of 'cut-in'
are of sufficient strength.
10
APPENDIX A
(Claus8 5.1)
VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A 2-MASS SYSTEM AND ITS
APPLICATION TO DESIGN OF HAMMER FOUNDATIONS
A-I. ANALYSIS OF 2-MASS SYSTEM
A-I.l The 2-mass system is represented by the model given in Fig. 3. The
mass m,is subjected to a velocity of vibration of V,. The two natural
frequencies In. and fn. of the- system are given by the positive roots of the
following expressions:
fn'-(j'o.+f'nb)
where
I IT,
fn.= 2", V m,'
I--r,-'
and
m,
.8=-.
m,
The amplitude of vibrations are given by:
a _
,-
a. =
211' (f'nl
f'nllJ-f Dlil .
and
TT
Y1
W,kg
W.kg
W,kg
hem
Nblows/min
A em'
A. em"
E, kg/em"
11
V, I
~cm
Wbkg
Ab cm2
rcm
G kg/em'
C. kg/cm'
Kp kg/cm
Ep kg/em'
Ap cm2
I em
m,
kl
m2
frame will have to be added either to that of the anvil or to that of the
foundation block depending upon whether the frame is attached to the
anvil or to the block. . The spring kl of the model corresponds to the elastic
pad between the anvil and the block, while spring k, corresponds to the
foundation support. The velocity V, is calculated on the basis of
momentum equation.
g;
m, =
12
IS
;;4 kg/em,
k =kp.k.
k p +k'
where
k, = 76 rG or Ab . Cu, and
k _ n.Ep.Ap
P I
-C+Ek
.P
,
kg!
em
)
where
t gp is the spring coefficient of ~prings,
Vl = VA. = Velocity of the anvil after impact, and
VAa = VI . _--=le-+:..,k".,.._
W.
1+ WI
where
Vlb ="II'2 gh for a freely faIling tup type hammer, and
W.
8lB=k;
em
NOTE - W, will have to be added to W. if the frame is attached to the anvil,
and
8,0=
2~~
?TJn&
13
IS
A.
8, and 0', should be less than the allowable values for the pad.
b) Stability of the .oil below the foundation:
W,+Wb-l:,Wr+k .(.~
- 2"'fnb
V
; VP.= V....
1+
.(.p -
I+k
Wb
W.
(Wi will have to be added. to Wb or to W. depending upon whether
the frame is attached to' the block or to. the anvil.)
0'2 should be less than the allowable bearing pressure for the soil
specified in 4.2.2.
c) Maximum deflection of the foundation under a single impact:
Assuming' the anvil and the foundation block to be a single
monolithic unit, the velocity after the impact:
V'.=Vtb
I+k
1+ W,+Wb+W em!s
WI
I
14
IS
Members
SHRI N. K. BASU
SaRI R. D. CHOUDHURY
DJ!. A. K. MUKaRRJEE
SHRl S. K. RAY (AII.rna!.)
SHRI M. V. PANDIT
Bhara! Heavy Eleetrieals Limited, Bhopal
StUll E. C. H. C. RaDDY (Alternate)
811RI D. H. PATEL
SHRI N. S. DANI (AI,,,,,,,!.)
SHRI R. PUR.
DR V. V. S. RAo
DR B. SHIVARAM
DR P. SRlNIVASULU
(CSIR),
Roorkee
Structural Engineering Research Centre (OSIR),
Roorkee
Cement Corporation of India, New De1hi
SURI O. S. SRIVASTAVA
SHRl S. K. CHATl'ERJEE (Allernole)
15
~)
8-770032
Regional OffIces:
Central: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
3237617
'Easlern : 1/14 CIT Scheme VII M, V,I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054
3378662
6038 43
2352315
832 92 95
MUMBAI 400093
Branch Offices;:
5501348
8394955
Gangotrl Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003
554021
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8-71 1996
541137
201083
372925
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LUCKNOW 226001
238923
5251 71
262305
323635
62117
271085
3096528
~Sales
2223971
( First Revision)
Aiterations
(Page 4, clause 1.1 ) - Substitute the following for the existing:
'1.1 This standard (Part 2) covelli the design and construction of hammer
foundation subject to repeated impacts.'
(Page 6, clause 2.4):
a) Line 1 - Add the words '( see Fig. 1 )' after 'support'.
(BDC43 )
-)
)
IS 2974 ( Part 3
I : 1992
( Reaffirmed 1995 )
III <dill
III .........
~ftCfT ~ fs\ll ,~
an~ ~~~T - ~Tf~ B"~T
If!ITT'T CfiT
\lTil 3
~ql
( '!~U
q<{~Ta:rUJ
('fqT
3fTC!fa- )
Indian Standard
( Second Revision)
First Reprint NOVEMBER 1993
BIS 1992
A ugust 1992
Price Group 4
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indi"" Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering
Division Couhcil.
The installation of heavy rolary machines, namely. ste,lm turbo-generators, turbo-cornpr.cssors and
blowers, involves design of their foundatinns taking into considerations the vibnttion characteristics
and
construction of such machine foundations are guided by the manufacturers, still a large part of the
detail. sball have to be according to certain general principles of design covering macbine
foundations. Tbi. code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations (IS 2974)
is being publisbed in parts. This part lays down the general principles for frame foundations for
rotary machines of medium to higb frequencies. The other parts of this code are:
Coordinated efforts by the different branches would result in satisfactory performance, convenience
of operation, economy and a good general appearance of the complete unit. Tbe main unit with
all its auxiliaries and adjacent piping must be provided for, when making the foundation plans and
all the details should be well worked out, before going ahead with the design.
This standard first published in the year 1967 and Subsequently revised in 1975. This revision has
been prepared, based on a numbers of comments received on this standard, keeping in view the
current design practices followed in India and abroad. The sizes and capacities of turbo-generators
have increased (up to 500 MW ) since tbe last revision of the code. There have been fundamental
changes in the design philpsophy of turbogenerator foundations, for example use of slender columns,
long and lIexible top decks, etc. With the advent of powerful computers and finite element analysis
computer programmes the use of tbree-dimensional space frame models for static and dynamic
analysis has become common in design offices. The code has been made more relevant to design
office use. Aspecls such as preliminary sizing of the foundations and loading combinations arr
expected to be useful to the less experienced designers.
For large sized foundations with complex structural arrangement, it has been observed that twodimensional plane frame models are not possible to use. For such foundations three-dimensional
space frame model is recommended for analysis.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular require!TIen( of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded ofi" in accordance
with IS 2: 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (reVised J'. The number of significant
places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this
standard_
J
)
Indian Standard
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS - CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 3
( Second Revision)
1 SCOPE
1.2 The
4 NOMENCLATURE OF FOUNDATION
COMPONENTS
25 Hz < fm < 50 Hz
~ 50 hz
2 REFERENCES
2.1 The Indian Standards listed in AnnexA.re necessary adjuncts to this standard.
3 TERl\uNOLOGY
4.2 Transverse Beams
3.0 The common terminology used in structural dynamics and machine foundation design is given below
for reference. For a more compreheru.ive list ofterms,
refer to IS 2974 (Parts 1 and 2).
4.4 Columns
The vertical members that support the top deck.
4.6 Foundation
3.4 Damping
3.S Resonance
Resonance of. system in forced vibt'ltion is. condition when any change, however small, in the frequency
of excitation causes a dcncase in the response of the
system.
1
}
}
ponents;
eration; and
= ra nging from 2 to 3
= ranging from 1 to 3
= rangingfrom2.5 t03.5
properties
as per
chine;
h) Erection loads.
2
.J
)
d) Uncracked sections may be used for calculating moments of inertia of the membets. The
rotational inertia may be disregarded. Shear
rigidity shall be considered.
GradeD!
Concrete
M20
25 590 -
30 000
M25
28 500 -
34 000
M30
31200 -
37000
9 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
9.1 Modelling
The analysis shall be done using a simulated mathematical model of linear-elastic properties. For turbogenerator foundations of more than 100 MW capacity,
a three~dimensional space frame model is recommended. The modelling should take into account the
basic characteristics of the system, that is, mass, stiffness and damping. Special attention is required
while idealing the points of excitation. The model
should simulate the vibration characteristics of the
machine foundation system to a sufficient degree of
accuracy (see Fig. 3).
For smaller foundations (for example, turbo-generator foundations of less than 100 MW capacity) with
a regular framing arrangement, plane frame models
may be used in the transverse and longitudinal
direction.
or
in>
a) The foundation shall be modelled as a threedimensional space frame in which the columns and beams are idealised as 3-D beam
elements with six degrees of freedom at each
node. Slabs and walls, if present, may be
modelled using thin shell (plate bending) elements. The columns shall be assumed to be
fixed at the base, disregarding the base mat.
1.2ftn
where
in
c) Lumped-mass approach shall be used forcompuling modal masses of the foundation. The
machine shall be modelled to lump its mass
together with the mass of the foundation. The
stiffness and damping of the shaft and casing
shall generally be disregarded.
11 DESIGN
11.1 Workingslress method as per IS 456: 1978shall
be used.
Top deck
M 20 or higher grade
Columns
M 20 or higher grade
Base mal
M 20 or higher grade
a) Operating condition
DL + OL + TLF + LBL/BFL
d) Seismic condilion
10 SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION
Top and bottom
The effects of soil-structure interaction on the dynamic response of Ihe TO foundalion may be ignored
under steady slate dynamic loading. However, if the
TO foundation is located in zones of high seismicily,
soil-structure inlel'action shall be considered for seis-
Columns
Longitudinal
reinforcement
Sides
lach side
J
)
Base mal
Intermediate
layer
U.s.i Tne base mat sball be cast in a single uninterrupted operation. Properly designed construction
joints sball be provided between the bose II1!!t and
columns and between columns and the top deck.
Construction joint may also be provided approxirna tely a tthe mid-height of columns if the lengtb ofthe
column exceeds 8 metres.
12.5.5 Splices in the reinforcement bars sball be staggered and sban be given in the compression zone as far
as possibie.
11~6 Ca!!e!"et~
Cover
RANSVERSE
BEAMS
LONGITUDINAL
BEAM
TOP
OEC~
OLUMNS
BASE MAT
Fro.
TuRBoGENERATOR
x~
lNIOd 0\'01 -
ANNEXA
( Clause 2.1 )
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS
[SNo.
432
(part 1) : 1982
432
(Part 2) : 1982
456: 1978
Title
Title
concrete reinforcement (third
revision)
1893: 1984
2974
(part 1) : 1982
( second revision)
revision)
1786: 1985
[SNo.
2974
(part 2) : 1980
ANNEXB
(Clause 7)
ABNORMAL LOADING
where
ro
A, B, C
B
C
=
=
=
Vl
>-
i: f
"0
'"'u
;,
/\
rs si"
",0
j
~:g
A--'In'"
"IA'
-8 l
ill
\.
2wt
Y I
50 Hr. OSCilLATING
--100H. OSCILLATING
----- UNIPOLAR TORGUE
0..::>
!::
l!>..J
0::0..
_:IE
TIME(SEC} - -
FIG. 4
ANNEXC
(Clause 9.3.1)
NORMAL UNBALANCE FORCE ON TURBO-GENERATOR FOUNDATION
e
ro
G = 6.3 nun/sec
ro
consequently,
O.02mrn
unbalance force
= ero
wbere
G
Example:
Turbo-generator and otber similar machines are classified nnderlbe balance quality grade ofG2.5. Considering one grade bigber for Ibe foundation design, that
is, G6.3, tbe eccentriCity of tbe rotor mass can be
obtained from
G
=
=
where
=
Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provISIons of the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian.standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced
to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection,
testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Sll;lndard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to
that standard as a further safeguard. petails of conditions under which a licence for the use
of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from
the Bureau of Indian Standards.
,
Amend No.
Date of Issue
Tcxt Affected
)
)
Telegrams: Manaksanstha
Common to all offices)
Regional Offices :
Central
Eastern
Telephone
331 01 31
{ 331 13 75
/378499, 378561
\37 8626, 378662
{
53 3843, 53 1640
532384
Western
Branch
Indian Standard
(R ..mnn.d 1995)
( First Revision)
Fifth Reprint JANUARY 1998
UDC
624.159.11:006.76:621.3.029.4-13
Copyright 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
~A);AK
Gr 6
july 1980
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART IV FOUNDATIONS FOR ROTARY TYPE
MACHINES OF LOW FREQUENCY
( First Revision)
'Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 43
R,pr6sen~ng
Chairman
Central Building
Roorkee
Research Institute
(aSIR ).
Memb"s
DR R. K.
BHANDARI
SRRI I. G. CHACKO
N. DADINA
SHRI M. G. DA.NDAVAT.E
SHRI N. C. DUCJGAL (AUerna/e)
SHin R. K. DAS GUPTA
Simplex Concrete Piles
Sml H. GUHA BIIWAS ( Allernat, )
SHRI A. G. DASTlDAR
In personal capacity
SHItl V.
a.
DXSHPANDE
DIRl!.CTOR (CSMRS')
DEPUTY DIREQTOR (
SHRI A. H. DivAN]1
CSMRS) (Allernalt)
Asia Foundation and Construction Pvt Ltd, Bombay
( Continued on pal' 2 )
Copyright 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
ThiB publication is protoctod und~r the India. Copyright Act ( XIV of 1'57) aDd
reproductioD in whole or in part by any means except with written permission or the
publisber sban bo deemed to bo an infringomont of copyrigbt undor tho said Act.
J
r
Members
Representing
G. S. Jain & Associates, Roorkee
SHRI G. S.JAlN
JOlNT DIRECTOR RESEARCH
(8M)
Ministry of Railways
(RDSO)
JOINT DIRECTOR RESEARCH
(B & S )
RDSO (AII,rna" )
DR
R.-K.
KATTI
N~tiQnal
SHa] K. K. KHANNA
SHRI SUNIt.,. BERRY (
SHRI
O.
SaRI A.
SHRi V.
SHRIY.
Alternate)
B&
P. MALHOTRA
P. MATHUR
B. MATHUR
V. NARASJMHA RAO
( Alt,rna" )
SHRl A. A .. RAJU
DR GOPAL R!,NJAN
DR V. V. S. RAO
SaRI ARJUN RIJHSINGHANI
SHRI
P. SRIVASTAVA
SHRI K. R: S.AXENA
o.
SHRt
S. SEETHARAMAN
(Alternate)
Engineering Research Laboratories, Government of
Andhra Pradesh
United Technical Consultants Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
Roads Wing, Ministry of Shipping & Transport
(AltBrn~t')
T. N. SUBBA RAO
SaRI
s.
DR S. P. SHRI'VASTAVA
DR R. KAPUR ( Alternate)
SHRI N. SWAGURU
SHRI
A. RSDm ( Alternate.)
(DESIGN)
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER ( DE,'!.IGN
V)
(Altemale )
SHRI M. D. TAMBEKAR
Secretaries
S,HRT G~ RAMAN
K. M.
MATHUR
( Continued on {Jag. 2 J )
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART IV FOUNDATIONS FOR ROTARY TYPE
MACHINES OF LOW FREQUENCY
( First Revision)
O. FORE W 0 R 0
0.1 This Indian Standard (Part IV) (First Revision) was adopted by the
Indialt Standards Institution on 5 September 1979, after the draft finalized
by the Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved
by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.1: The installations of rotary type machines of low frequency requires
careful study of the foundation system taking into consideration the vibration characteristics. The construction of such foundations involves expenditure of considerable amount; materials and time. Substantial economy
may be achieved if a proper investigation of the behaviour of the foundation system is made. This standard ( Part IV ) lays down the general principles with regard to foundations for rotary machines of low frequency
(below I 500 rev/min), for example, crushers, pumps, motor generators,
compressors and rolling mill stands. The other parts of this standard
published so far are the .following:
IS : 2974 (Part I) - 1969 Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations: Part I Foundations for
reciprocating type machines (first revision)
IS : 2974 (Part II) - 1966 Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations: Part II Foundations for
impact type machines (drop and forge hammer foundations)
IS : 2974 ( Part III) - 1975 Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations: Part III Foundations for rotary
type machines ( medium and high frequency) (first revision)
IS : 2974 (Part V) - 1970 Code of' practice for design and construction of machine foundations: Part V Foundations for impact
type machines other than hammers (forging and stamping press;
pig breaker, elevator and hoist tower)
0
oj
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS: 2974 (Part I)
1969t, IS: 2974 (Part II )-1966~, IS: 2974 (Part III )-1975 and IS : 2810197911, shall apply.
*RuJes for rounding off numerical values ( "vised).
tCode of practice for design and conatructioll of machine foundations: Part I Founda~
tions for reciprocating type machines (first revision).
:tCode of practice foJ' design and construction of machine foundations: Part II Found~
tions for impact type machines (.drop and forge hammer foundations)_
Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations: Part III Foundations fOf'rotary type machines (medium and high frequency) (first reuision ).
IISpecification for glossary of terms and symbols relating to soils dynamics (firsl revision ).
)
)
)
(.::01
.,
Tx
SQ POCKET FOR
ANCHOR BOLT
TOP
OF STRUCTURAL
STEEL
OF PULVERIZER
UNIT
CIRCULAR BINDERS
[RADIAL BAR
GROUND
Fi."OOR
REINFORCEMENT
BARS
::-:::1.: ..:..
.' .
..
.'.'... I..
.
SAND FILLING
SECT ION XX
(CONCRETE NOT SHOWN)
FIG. 1
)
)
It
OF DISCHARGE OF PRIMARY
AIR FAN UNIT _____
E
E
"''"
N
I
I
.. \.
OF PRIMARY AIR
FAN FOUNDATION
2260 mm
RETAINING
C::::::_~_E:_CH_
m=t
rGROUTl
, . . i~~
rc---I'==='f-;
I
- c:..
, .._-
SECTION XX
(CONCRETE NOT SHOWN)
FIG.
FL
E'
E
~GROU'
xr
BINDER~
ALL THRO
2077mmf/----:---=-l
v--\
f'
OF FOUNOATIOI
u' 0
D:~---=IF
DD/~ 0
GH
t OF COMPRESSOR
---l
RE~
v--l
'ORCEMENT BAR
lL
ROU~ID
LGROUT
Dm L
ALL R lUND
TOP OF CONCRET,E"\
'.. 1:6:1'_".6:
..-l'
~ ....
:.I..
....
II
',I . . "'.
1.
.
,<I
IS
'
7 . - : : ' - '.~
REDUCED SECTION YV
-Il" I'
1-
-I,,' 'I
I' . 1 'I 6. 'I
'1;'1'1. .1'-,
"j'6
L __ -:l
I'A',
. L;..,~.:.I.L:"~ ~.
...
.Ilo
I,I'-P
'.,'
I'
"I'
-,',"'.'
: ~~:J
,;.
~~
.. -.
SECTION XX
FIG.
--
til
~
~
a
~
,-
points;
2) Details of anchor bolts, channels and other embedments in
foundations;
3) Mass of crusher parts;
4) Mass of motor drive;
5) Speed of main shaft; and
6) The unbalanced forces.
b) Pumps:
3)
4)
5)
6)
10
c) Motor Generators:
I) Outline drawing of the machinery;
2) Mass of motor generator set, including separate masses for
drivi\lg motor and generator;
3) Masses of the rotors for both the motor and the generator and
mass of fly wheel;
4) Details of anchor baits,' channels and other embedments in
foundations;
5) Operating speed; and
6) Short-circuiting force or moment.
8
,
)
Rolling Mills:
I) Mass of rolling mill stands;
2) Mass of the motor driving the rolling mill;
3) Separate masses of the rotor and stator;
4) Maximum torque on the shaft;
5) Loads occurring on assembly line; and
6) Details of anchor bolts, channels and other inserts.
4.1.1 In all cases, a detailed loading plan showing the point of application
of all loads to be considered in foundation design shall be furnished by the
manufacturer. A typical loading for a coal crusher mill plan is shown in
Fig. 4. In addition to the above data, the capacity or rated output of each
machine shall also be specified.
4.2 Subsurface Investigation
4.2:.1 The site shall be subject to a careful and thorough soil exploration
in such a manner that all relevant information pertaining to the proper
design and construction of the foundation are available.
4.2.2 For satisfactory design and construction, the following subsoil data
shall also be known:
a) Soil profile and data generally up to a depth of thrice the width of
the foundation measured from base of foundation or till hard
strata is reached, whichever is less including soil characteristics in
accordance with IS : 1892-1979",
b) Dynamic soil investigation to the extent necessary in accordance
with IS : 5249-1977t for determining dynamic properties, and
c) The relative positions of water table below ground level at different times of the year.
S. DESIGN CRITERIA
S.l Isolation
5.1.1 To avoid transmission of vibration to adjoining parts of buildings
or other foundations, it is necessary to provide a suitable isolation between
the equipment foundation and the adjoining structures. This may commonly
*Code of practice for subsurface inveltigation for foundation (firl' ,8vision).
,Method of test for the determination of. dynamic properties of ioil lfirsl "uision).
.J
)
04
,HYDRAULIC CONTROL
- - ._-_ . . STATIC
0'35T
5 TATIC LOAD OF
MiLL 66T
'(~{:::t:(:::7;Y
SECTION XX
NOTE 1 - All loads indicated are static; 8uitable allowance to be made for live
conditions.
NOTE 2-60 percent of an static loads of machines may be taken as weights of
the rotating parts.
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 4
be achieved by providing sand trench around the foundation block, the thickness and depth of which shall be determined for each individual case. As a
rule, the equipment foundation shall not be allowed to serve as a support for
other structures or for machineries not related to the particular equipment.
5.1.2 In case it becomes necessary to support unitnportant parts of other
structures on the machine foundation, measures shall be taken to make the
10
I
)
)
)
II
J
)
12
Po (Nl )'
13
Code of practice for desiD and construction oimachine foundations: Part I Foundations
01' reciprocating type machmes (first rtvisicn ). .
tCode of practice for design and construction of machine foundations: Part III Founda
tioos for rotary type machines (medium and high frequency) (first revision).
14
6.2.2
Pump~
1=60
6.1.3 Motor Generators and Motor Drives
6.2.3.1 Loads - The following loads shall be considered:
Constructional loads;
b) The loads due to the machine itself multiplied by a dynamic factor
or 1; and
a)
15
J
)
16
)
)
)
iv) Horizontal force transmitted to the footings under manipulations and tilting devices; and
v) Erection loads.
2) Static computations of the foundation may be limited to the
following: .
i) Stress analysis of separate units of the foundation, such as
units weakened by openings, cantilevers and others;
ii) Computation of local stresses under supporting slabs;
iii) Analysis of stress within the foundation; and
iv) Computation of pressure transmitted to the soil.
c) Dynamic analysis - The foundation is considered to be a girder of
varying stiffness resting on an elastic base. For dynamic loads
listed in 6.11.4.1 (b) (1) (i) and 6.11.4.1: (b) (I) (ii), a value of the
17
7.5 All units of foundation shall be provided with top and bott<;lm two-way
reinforcements. Reinforcement shall be provided along the surface only in
case of block foundation.
7.6 The amount of reinforcement in each foundation element unit shall not
be less than 50 kg/m' of concrete. Typical arrangements of reinforcements
1&
)
)
APPENDIX A
(Clause 3.1 )
NOTATIONS
Symbol
Description
Unbalanced generating force
R
m,
Total mass of main shaft and crushing cone attachm,
ed to it ( iu crushing mills)
Mass of cam shaft and units rigidly connected with
it ( gears, counterweights and others)
Unit
t
t s"jm
t s'jm
m,
mass of rotor
t s'/m
r,
'2
p
Po
P'o
p.
Py
IV
m
t
t
t
t
g-l
19
.J
)
I
Description
Eccentricity
Frequency of the pressure changes in the pump
f
discharge
NorN, Speed
n
Number of impeller vanes
Torque moment
M
Mass moment of inertia of the rotating mass
I
v
Dynamic factor
Angle of rotation of the foundation
<P
Maximum
stress in soil
O'm.
Weight of concrete foundation and of the machinery
Q
Surface area of the foundation in contact with soil
F
C<P Coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression of
soil
Half dimensions of the foundation in the plane of
h
the torque
dN
Change in speed of the motor generating set
Symbol
e
dt
20
Unit
nh~l
cIs
revlmin
tm
t m 82
radian
tIm'
t
m'
kg/m'
m
revlmin
l
)
)
DADINA
Representing
In personal capacity (P~820. Block P. New AJipore,
Calcutta)
Members
SHRI N. K. BAeu
DIRECTOR (TOO)
21
.J
)
Headquarters.
Manak Shavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELH111 0002
Telephone
Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010
6-77 00 32
RegIonal Offices:
Central: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 11 0002
32376 17
'Eastern: 1/14 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTIA 700054
3378662
603843
2352315
832 92 95
MUMBAI 400093
Branch Offices::
5501348
8394955
Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bha~bhada Road, T.T. Nagar. BHOPAL 462003
554021
403627
21 01 41
8-288801
8-71 1996
541137
201083
372925
21 6876
Seth Bhawan,
238923
52 5t 71
262305
323635
621 17
27 to 85
3096528
222 39 71
l~
AMENDMENT NO.1
MARCH 1982
TO
IS: 2974 ( Part IV )1979! CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR DESIGN AND QONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART IV
I First Revision )
AlteratioDs
[Pag. 3, clause 0.2, lines 14 to 16, reference 10 IS : 2974 ( Part II )Substitute the following for the existing matter:
1966) -
, IS : 2974 (Part II )-1980 Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations : Part I I Foundations for jmpact type
machines (drop and forge hammer foundations) (first reoision )
(Pag. 4. clause 2.1, lin. 2 ) - Substitute 'IS: 2974 ( Part II )1980+' for' IS :,2974 (Part II )-1966+ '.
rlvision ).
t ' mark) -
(Page IB, clause ,7.6) - Sub3titute the following for the existing
clause:
'1.6 The amount at minimum reinforcement for block foundation shall be
25 kg/mB of concrete. The amount of minimum reinforcement for frame
foundations shall be 40 kg/m s of concrete for base slab, 70 kg/ms of
concrete for columns and 90 kg/mB of concrete for top table. The typical
arrangements for the reinforcement for three types of foundation arc
shown in Fig. 1 to 3.'
( nne
43 )
IS
Indian Standard
( Reaffirmed 1998 )
( First Revision)
Second Reprint FEBRUARY 1998
UDe
624.159.11
@ Cop),right 1988
BUR E A U OF
I N D I AN
S TAN DAR D S
Or 2
May 1988
1
)
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
:MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART 5 FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPACT MACHINES OTHER THAN HAMMER
( FORGING AND STAMPING PRESS, PIG BREAltER, DROP CRUSHER
AND JOLTER)
( First Revision)
O.
FOREWORD
0.2 The installation of machines and equipments such as forging, sheet metal and stamping presses, pig breakers and jolters involves
1. SCOPE
3. NECESSARY DATA
3.1 The following information shall be obtained from the manufacturers of the machinery
for guidance in design.
a) Forging Sheet Metal and Stamping Presses
I) Layout and outline drawing of the
installation,
2) Details of anchor bolts and other
embedded parts,
3) Pressure to be exerted by the press
(p ),
4) Stroke of the press ( S),
5) Weight of the cross head ( w. ),
6) Gross weight ( wp ).
7) VJeight of material to be forged
(wm ),
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.{ For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS: 2974 (Part 1 )-1982"
shall apply.
*Code of practice for design and construction of
machine foundations: Part 1 Foundation for reciprocating type machines (SICOntJ rtuision ).
c) Joller
\) As in (a) (\) above
2) As in (a) (2) above
3) Weight of jolting table with rated
charge on it (
4) Weight of anvil ( W. ),
5) Frequency of jolts ( Blows/min ),
6) Height offall of the table or stroke
( S), and
7) Maximum pressure of tbe steaml
compressed air (p ).
Modulus
w, ),
kgf/cm l
3000eO
340000
M20
M-25
M30
370000
4.2.3 Soil - The soil stress below the found
ation" under the combined static and dynamic
loads sball not exceed 80 percent of the allowable stress under static loading determined in
accordance with IS : 640g-198It.
3.2 Data of G.;ound and Site ConditioDsThe following .oil data shall be known:
a) Soil profile and soil characteristics up
to a depth at least 3 times the mean
plan dimensions of the foundation
(wbicb can be taken as the square
root of tbe expected area) or bard
strata, whichever is less.
b) Soil investigation to tbe extent necessary in accordance witb IS: 1892
1979* and for determination of
dynamic properties of the soil in
accordance with IS : 52491977t.
c) The relative position of the water
table below ground at different times
of tbe year.
4. DESIGN CRITERIA
4.1 General
07
>
~
O>m
>
\'5
A_
where Iis the impact momentum, k is the stiffness of the subgrade of the foundation, m i. the
total mass of the machine foundation, Tl is the
periodicity of blows and T i. tbe natural
period.
As a measure of simplification, in cases
where the impulse momentum is not specified,
tbe amplitude of motion of tbe foundation
body may be obtained from tbe following
approximate relation:
A =
Wv
F.= ~'l p.
Where ~ i. the fatigue factor which
may be taken as two for normal
machinery and P d is the peak dynamic
force induced by the machine in each
hlow.
OJ.
2'
.:
...o
~
..
Pd
P.
a:: 2.a
p~
&
TRIANGULAR
I
16
!;(
Pd
HALF-SINE
RECTANGULAR
Ll
u.
1.2
u:
:z
C> 0.8
:::;:
Ll
:::;: 0.4
<t
Z
02
0'
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
2-0
:I
)
)
5.2 The concrete used should be of plastiC cons.jstency without excessive water. A slump of
5 to 8 em is allowable. The same consistency
shoula be maintained throughout the concreting.
4.7 Jolters
of concrete.
5.8 Foundation
anchored.
bolts
should
be" proper! y
- 7
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of tbe activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior pennission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in tbe course of
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Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to tbe Director (Publication), BIS.
Text Affected
Date of Issue
Telegrams: ~Aanaksanstha
(Common to all offic6s)
Regional Offices:
Central
Eastern
Telephone
3237617,3233841
337 8499,3378561
{ 33786 26, 337 91 20
60 38 43
{ 602025
23502 16,2350442
{ 2351519,2352315
.. J
IS 13301 : 1992
'4:rn:cft~ 'fT;:rCfi
11!lIT'1
'fIefT
( Reaffirmed 1997 )
Indian, Standard
t) BIS 1992
Price Group 3
)
)
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the
Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division
Council.
This code is meant to provide necessary information and assistance in the choice of vibration isolators
in machine foundation so as to ensure a smooth working of the machinery supported by it as well as to
reduce the transmitted vibration into the surrounding environment. It does not imply, however, that
use of external isolators is obligatory in a machine foundation.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or ana lysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )'. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value shoUld be tbe same as that of the specified value in this
standard.
)
)
I
IS 13Mt : lHit
Indian Standard
2 REFERENCE
2.1 IS 5249 : 1991 'Method of test for determination of dynamic properties of soil ( _ d
reVision )' is a necesary adjunct to this standard.
3 TERMINOLOGY
SI
3.0 For ttiepurpose of this standard, the follow- . No.
ing definitions shall apply.
3.1 Active Isolation
Reduction of the periodic or shock type of
forces transmitted by a machine installation
into the surroundings by the working of the
machinery itself.
3.2 Passive Isolation
Isolation of a sensitive installation against
ambient vibrations emanating from eKternal
iources and already existing in the vicinity.
3.3 Transmissibility
The ratio of the peak amplitude of the transmitted force to the applied dynamic force in the
case of active isolation.
Rajf,e of Natural
reqaem:les
(fmIDH.) .
I}
2)
Metal helicals
Rubber
3)
Cork
Air ( pneumatic type)
4)
= [( fIofvo)
Vo -
/-
- 0.6142 ]"8
a.ID
Po = hiD
2-10
5-30
25-60
0530
5 DYNAMICPltOPEllTIES OF CEltTAIN
MATERIALS USED IN VIBRATION
ISOLATION
(~ - 1)]
Type
)
)
IS 13301 : 1992
. where
Rubber springs can be used either under compression or shear, The stiffness of the rubber
pad under axial compression can be obtained
from the relation
I [1'0
E(1+2a<A'rJ
1 ]
k; = A
+ IF
where
k.
A=
Ar
E, B ana a
Young's
Shear
Modulus
Mod.lus
Bulk.
Modulus
8
N/sq.
m111
1019'4
IOW4
[ 0[9,4
1 111 '1
1 172.2
1 233'4
1 294'6
where
W85
. T = tntnsmissibility,
'I = the frequency ratio ( wi wn
w = operating frequency,
Wn = natural frequency, and
~ = damping ratio:
080
0'73
064
0'57
054
0'53
kb
= ( G:)
where
(hr rcctangulai'
fOl'
the ::;inus(lidal
J
)
ISH30h 199a
30000~~~~Ff===F~=F=f=F~~~~~~~++fR
2 0 000
k::''''''''':f''-..:d-+k:--+-++-++-H-WI+
15000~~~~~~~~-+-+~~~~+' --+~~-+~~~
1000og~~l.;.m.
98
7000K:
. Q
~v
Q.
"
5000~
><)
3 000
2 000
I 500
UJ
UJ
it:
lL
. .-0
2~~~i~9"
8i
~-?~S
~.P
S90'
"'t-..
9:'
,.S ,::;:rS
"2 ~.!i;:J""
......,bS ~
~
:::>
<h
~'$
O(JS
I-
~""
300
45
'S 80
'tv
1 000
700
500
<!l
96
I .....
I':
~ ~
is I,f.i ~
"-I
tv-<1
'U"'--;F;.
~l "'~
~C;Q)\,s:;-'
.....
I'.
-....;. ......
:$:
~t.... ~J;
...... ,..,
2D O t - - - .
150
1"",
. 100
0025 .00.5
....;
........ .
.0125
.05
025
.25
.125
t---.
.5
rNJI
1-25
I ISOLATION EFFICIBNCY
01' RESILIENTLY
3-0I
MOUN~EP SYSTEMS
J....
I" I\-
>-
:::l
2'0
en
en
~
zrn
1'0 .-/
-0'.15
025
I-
1--0375
1\ ~O50
~~:O
~
I~
,,I~
0::
I-
o
o
,,
\0 0,[2
;::--..'-
"~ 20
3'0
FREQUENCY RAT 10
FIG. 2
"0
5'
11.,
25
.'
':'; .
1
)
IS 13301 : 1992
I
b) Stability - To avoid instability of coiled
springs, the axial deformation shall be
limited to 0'5 h and the buckling stability
factor'S', to be evaluated from the
following expression, shaH be greater than
"5.
S= 1'296 [
(~o/v.
-1 ).
429
vo'
}'f'
(~olv.-l) ]
Vo
(8 "iiiPD)
IX.
where
't'y =
P=
D=
d=
shear stress.
applied load,
diameter of coil,
diameter of wire, and
oc. = 1+ "25 (dID) + 0'875 (dID)1
(diD )8.
The shear stress under horizontal loading is
given by
80Ch HD )
'I'h = (
0Jtd3
where
'h
= (\'01" )
~o ~ Vo
)
)
20
n..
16
.....
n.. 1.2
l-
<I
Ct:
0'8
w
(,)
04
Ct:
IL
01
02
0,
0'6
08
10
)
)
IS 13301 : 1992
p"""...h.'l.el\t"!~'.'G')"lIi.lon.f'Cth.F~J1'lJYlmic.._
'efcare'srllul ne-taxe1rnr<mb'Urunresriami:u
free sides of the pad type isolators where
used.
8 TRENCH ISOLATION
~
..
P Sin I.lmt
I
k
C\"0
-c:;r-,..,
t-:-
--
-d\J 'u;nnJr ~{
FIG. 4
I 1
"m?
J77
)
)
Staadard Mark
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Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been
produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of
inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated
by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked byBIS for confonnity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of condition. under which a licence
for the Use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be
obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
- - - - . - . -..
---~.-.----
...
-~--~.-------.------------
J
)
Date of Issue
Text Affected
~,
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