dG BGdG dG RYEG e

fedG
dG dU eS .O

jG

www.eajaz.org

Ne
eh Uh dBG Yh , d MQ G Y dG CGh IdG aCGh , dG Q G
. Hh . jdG j EG H ibGh jg JG
IG ib dO hP fc M e , AdG id Gk c k egG b b " edG " Ve EG
. jdG IG W Y e j e e fdG
Ve j a dG BGdG jBG H dG RYEG Y AdG j LG G Gg EG
CGe , SGQdG H e YVe IY EG G Gg bJ bh , " edG " K eh edG
dG LGh dG LG QYH edG L bdG BGdG jdG cP K , Ffh jJ
( feR ) KGMEG H edG Y jG EG bJ K , dGh dG dG H dPh
edG J Gch , H edG bY K edG f Y jG Y LY K , dGh dG dM
K , UGdG eR H dPh IMGh KO edG GjdG NG cP K , fedG H
jH N K , fedG H fG K , gOGh fedG GaG gh Gk L g Ve EG bJ
. YV bY d edG S Y
e g JYG M , G cdG jBG e eCG cP N e k L YVG g Y bh
dP Z c eh Mh G a G e c e J G c G dG RYEG d d SGQdG
. dG Q G CG fGYO NBGh . dG G SCGh dG eh f a

Ffh jJ
. d bdG AYdG g : edG
edG J
- : ddG dG ah edG EG j
GGh dGh dG cH j : dG edG . VQCG M dG cHh , f Mh dG M VQCG cH j : GG edG VQCG Y LdG GdH jh GGh dG edG e H Jj : LdG edG . cGdGh
JCSh . hdGh UCGh OGaCG H jh . d G dH j : LddG edG jG
www.eajaz.org

104

105

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

. H UN GY k M J
. J G j : dG Y edG . d ( OHCG hP ) dG AYdG g : G
. Gh edG YG g : G
. cM k ehO gh ( XdG H CG ) H c , d XdG j e g : G g
g : ( i`NCG UGe , M , QT SMEG , U , W , FGQ , d ) G UGe
. ( XdG H CG ) H c , e M CH XdG gP j e
- : QGh G
. fS dG EG Lh Y j : G
. XdG H H , G k ehO : QG
- : hGh OLG
. G N e c g : OLG
. Lj dG g : hG
- : dGh IOdG
. H c Xd OG g : IOdG
cGQOEG `UGe dG `gd Oe Z d OLG `g : dG
. H WMEG hCG

- : Ff
. (1) " AT e j h G c " H , e h eR K j - CG
. ( 3 : jG ) ( o NBp Ghn so hCn G n og ) J a
( fS dG GYe ) f Xf CG b e Qe c -
. f QGh XdG H bdG : CG CG

jG
www.eajaz.org

. ( c AGLCG J CG ) dT QGh XdG H dG bdG -`L

. dG bdG QGSG EG ODJ jQGh jXdG H dG IMh - O
jQGh ( c ) jXdG H ed QGSG SJ EG ODj dG bdG QG`SG - `g
. ( c ) jQGh jXdGh ( c )

edG Sb L bdG BGdG jdG

. " bGG " hCG " UGdG " Le H bCGh
. edG LG J dM OM fc e fG Gg BGdG RYEG AL
. UGd dG QdH e jQT f Le : hCG
,jb hCG T gh , SdG e CGj dG dG J Y Yj e fc Le : fdG
. k e g hCG
( feR ) KGMEG H edG
.GKDe IY Y j Ggh , G " edGjJ " IMh Y LGhORG feEG Me dH
dG dM edG : hCG , ( feR ) KGMEG J FQ dM e h
- : HQCG gh Sj IQS IOQGdG iDhdG deh , dG dM edG fdGh
. d jLS jdGd dG Y Sj jDhQ 1
. Gk N j dG jDhQ 2
. Gk N SCGQ a j dG jDhQ 3
. G jDhQ 4
( dG fG ) - : QeCG KK N e jDhQ c Y AdG Sh
Qf CG . jLS d dGh dGh k cc Y MCG iCGQ Sj CG gh : jDhdG G Ie - 1
k fh bO Oj G Gg Ie
. e
k GK 8 UGdG H jDhdG bSG dG IG - 2
. e

. k eY 33 GM gh jDhdG a dGh dG IG - 3

jG
www.eajaz.org

106

107

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

edG f
EG H , Gk MGh k KM Hj fCGh , NBG Y j eR e c , T CG Vf
dPh dG dG id bO SG d , hCG dG id GS 4 SG " G "
. e c id Le eR Sb ah
. H edG f g a
1
hCG dG id S OJ dG dG id bO
EG
2

( jd jCG 5 fNG ) hCG dG id k ej 360 OJ dG dG id fK 30 CG

360
hCG dG id k ej 12 =
OJ dG dG id IMGdG fdG
CG
30

jG
www.eajaz.org

100 Qhe S hCG dG KGMEG LG SdG CG d a H cCG S dG CG T h

10 Qhe dG d edG jJ ce KGMEG LG SdG S M , G d S
. G d a GK
KGMEG Y GS 10 Je J dG dG KGMEG Y IMGh fK Je dG G , ga
. hCG dG
o n Fp rn G o o r Jn (3) pp Qn rn G pP G
p r pe ) J db a e Gk c f a , Gk L Gg cQOCG GPEa
k pLn Gk r Un rp Un
(6) Gk pHn o fn hr n jn r o sfEGp (5)
o dGhn
r a (4) mn Sn n dr CGn n pr nN o Qo Grn pe ncn m r jn p p r dn EGp ht
o Gn fn hn (6) Gk pHn o fn hr n jn r o sfEGp ) : J db gdG h . ( 7 3 : QG ) ( (7) k jp bn o Gn fn hn
n o r pY sn EGp r bo p Ysn dG r Yn Ss
o dG n do Cn r jn ) : J db eh ,edG `j gh MGh Gh ,( k jp bn
n Qr jo en hn G rn pY
r bo n go nen ndo ojn hn ) : J dbh ( 63 : GMCG ) ( k jp bn oo Jn n Ysn dG sn dn jp
S dh jb J G Y Ybh eR CG CG . ( 51 : AG`SEG ) ( k jp bn no jn r CGn n Yn
Ap sn dG r pe n er Cn G o uHn jo ) : J b c ,dP Rj e k jCG BGdG OQh bh . H `dG edG
: J dc hCG . ( 5 : I`dG ) ( nhto Jn sp mn Sn n dr CGn o Qo Grn pe ncn m r jn p p r dn EGp o o r jn sKo Vp Qr Cn G n EGp
. ( 47 : G ) ( nhto Jn sp mn Sn p dr Cn cn un HQn rn pY k er jn sEGp hn )

Gh edG
. ( 5 : GY BG ) ( Ap n sdG p hn Vp Qr Cn G p Al r Tn p r n Yn n rjn n G sEGp ) : J b

fh ) . k WHh Gk gX J G H e ( d dH ) G FfdG GMCG g e M c EG

- : fcP e Vj fOCG dG dh ( k jCG AdG WH AN Y j a . ( j ) J dd g

jG
www.eajaz.org

108

109

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

dOJ KCJ bY e N e j c , Gh VG CG , JCj ah e a FN Y j c

. " AT " c `M `NBG M c e " AdG " KMCG `M d
c c EG . dEG AV j dG " NBG AT c " e bY " c " d dG " AT c " EG
. j J G d , dG J N gh " e " gH eh " Ve " b CG J
e FG`LCG e e M ch , O , `L , , CG g " GMCG " HQCG J d fEa , dP j e Qdh
- : fOCG Ve g c . e c H S dOJ KCJ bY g Ea . " ATCG "

fedG H edG J
( H G TY f )
AY H . Gk MGh k feR EG dG eR K d fEa , OhG Yh IUdG Jf ah , fEG H
. k KGMEG Y MEG EG J b H , HQCG OdG Y J KGMEG CG EG k VjQ GUJ AjdG
dG Z iNCG e d , edG eh , OHCG CG H b J G c G dG RYEG d
SMEG dG hCG , HQCG OHCc , H SMEG eEG bh b c e AGS , fEG Y QJ
Y J G c k VGh dP AL bh , jG dG jdG H M HQCG a g , H
H G TH JCj jCG Y a gh Ce CS eY dG Y S dG b Y dG
k G jBG cPCS . !! dG gh ,
: J G b , a edG Ve j a Y dG SCG K hC
rp rep ljr Yp n bn (38) n ppr eo o
uG
p JCr jn rCGn n r bn n Tp r n Hp p Jp Cr jn r o tjCGn Cn G n tjCGn jn ) S CG ( n bn )
n Jp BG fn CGn n
n Jp BG fn CGn
n r bn p Hp
p p dr G rep l r Yp o nr Yp sp dG n bn (39) lep CGn wp n dn p r n Yn q EGp hn n ep n en rep n o Jn rCGn n r bn p Hp
o o r jn sn Ep an n n Tn ren hn o o cr CGn r CGn o o Tr CGn CGn p n o r n dp uHQn p r an rep Gn ng n bn o nr Yp Gk q p n r eo o BGQn sn an n ao r Wn n r dn EGp sJn r jn rCGn
. ( 40 38 : dG ) ( l p cn wp Zn uHQn sEp an n n cn ren hn p rp n dp
jG
www.eajaz.org

- : feR KK EG He eR GjJ KK eCG BG f

e EG k He dG edG ( n ppr eo o
p JCr jn rCGn n r bn ) dG Y S id edG jJ , - fEG
e EG k He dG edG ( n ep n en rep n o Jn rCGn n r bn ) G e jY id edG jJ . - G
EG k He dG edG -( n ao r Wn n r dn EGp sJn r jn rCGn n r bn ) dG e Y Y dG id edG jJ . - dG e Y Y dG e
. a EG dG e H TY f gh , IMGh KOGh
- : MG KK BG eeCGh

dG Y S : g KdG ) . IMGh KdG id KdG fedG edG jJ e CG : hCG

. ( dG e Y Y dGh Gh

Y J gh , IMGh dG e Y Y `dGh jdG eR id edG jJ e CG : dG

. dG Y S eR id edG jJ e
. KdG id KdG fedG edG jJ e CG : ddG

a , IMGh KdG id KdG fedG edG jJ e CG gh hCG MG a

e Ggh . Y aW e bCG eR H TY f SG dG e Y Y dG CG jBG e Y
`MGh OJ TdG f Y`S fc a , ec BG KK RhJ ah dG H aa , jdG MdG
. !! Y aW OJ gh , IMGh fK EG TdG f M ( K / c BG KK CG ) AdG Y`S e FH

Yb j CG H PEG , Aa VQCG d H TY EG PEG . QJ j dG MdG e d

Yb e fCG Th . eh TGMh eh QNRh Ic HCG d CG Hh . H J Y
a dG G YdG e LGNEG CG c . dP K CG hCG , j hCG MMJ G
CG hCG , e LGNEG d G YdG S e AL dGREG j Ggh g c j CG eEG a , NBG TEG
c dG YdG d`NOEG H cJ Oj K a EG e jH jh YdG e jh TdG j
k Gg . Y aW c G`gh , k e c c Ld dG Y S a
G SGG Y a
. !! Y QNCG AQOh Mh j
j CG Y , MGh e d gdG YCG e Fg c M EG j dP feEG QJ EG
jG
www.eajaz.org

110

111

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

Lh e k Y Gk QJ cCG a dHh , k gP Qe Ggh , Y aW N QdG EGh G Gg

rep l r Yp o nr Yp ) dP a dG CG TEG j dh , fEG eR id " edG jdG " e f
e dG " G`g CGh ,( n
p p dr G
p p dr G rep l r Yp ) EG j d h Qhe dG Gg CG j Ggh ,(n
dG dG Gg dh , dG dP Y c H TY f dG CG dH , Y G " dG
. dG e Y Y d dH Gg . N e Aj e G JDj H MCG d Gk e d dG e
. a g dG ee e dG Y S j CG b TdH JCj CG Yh a G e jdG eCGh
M c d . ee e dG Y `S j M edG e H b c c dH f fh
. OG edG jJ M YS Rhj
- : dc k fHh

dG jdG e c eR id edG jdG e MJ a : dG MG eCG

S eR id dG edG jdG e Y aNG e , dG e Y Y dG idh G e
J Y IQdG d dG e Y Y dG Hh jdG H adG Ea dG g dG Y
j c CG QYG Y , dP AGOCG SCG jCG H , TdG H G dG Y S eCG
jdG e c H edG KGMEG NG fYG GPEG dP QJ h . IMGh feR KGMEG
YS j e CG . iNCG L e `dG Y S eRh L e dG e Y Y `dGh
dH IU gH EG g e dG e Y Y dG id hCG jdG id QT hCG HSCG hCG jCG hCG
,TEG CG Lj QdG Gg Yh , k jCG H a , k eY d dH hCG dG Y d
TY d Iae feEG g dG e Y Y dG idh jdG e c id jG edG a
k k eR eG dG dG Ggh , S eCG ge Z bH cJ Od H JEGh fe e H
jW

jG
www.eajaz.org

QYH " Y aW " Oj bGdG g dG e Y Y dG id edG jdG e QYH

. dG Y S id edG jdG e
,Ib gd f fCG gMCG Qa jJ LCh , dH dP SG j SdG H dh
K a EG IFdH T K dG IQS H b fCG iCGQ ef e " " h
. " " M SG CG H aCG K . GQdG d Ve VYh cJ OYCG
iCGd G c dG " edG edG jdG " e M bGdG Gk e M c a
KGMEG G HdG VG EG AiQdG MCGh . M GQdG H Ve J IQdG
. MCG N
- : dc KOG g h
. jdGG eb dG VdG(1

jG
www.eajaz.org

112

113

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

KGMEG ) OG edG KGMEG Y TdG f bSG dG edG CG dG SdG e Mjh

KGMEG Y d dH O Z k eR UCG b ," Y aW " gh ( dG Y S eR
. dG e Y Y dGh jdG
Y Y dh d IMG KGMEG Y TdG d jdG bS c dG edG CG Mj c
. dG e Y Y dG bSG dG edG e KGMEG J WCG g dG
. ee e dG Y S j M EG edG e k jCG WCG g S eR KGMEG Y k Sbh
. KdG id fedG e NG gh : ddG MG eCG

e e d CG , dG e Y Y dG idh G e jdG idh dG Y S id CG

. dEG j dG edG H c , edG jd H UN
dPh , eb dG id " edG e " EG e VY c dh , VY jd dG g
. jd " edG e " e V dG JQb M

jG
www.eajaz.org

. edG jH J KGMEG KK jd Ea Yh
. feR H dG Y S id edG jH e hCG KGMEG
. feR H G e jdG id edG jH e fdG KGMEGh
. feR H dG e Y Y dG id edG jH e ddG KGMEGh
. dd Gk QJ dG dG jh

jG
www.eajaz.org

114

115

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

. KdG KGMEG Vj dG SdG K

d edG e c e jd c ( n
p p dr G rep l r Yp o nr Yp ) da . LQCG dG g ddG MG EG
. feR QWEG j dG edG KGMEG H TdG
aW O Oj dG Y S eR edG KGMEd dH c edG e G dP
. Y
edG KGMEG H TdG d edG e c e jd c k jCa " G e jdG " eCG
dG Y d edG KGMEd dH c edG e G dP . feR QWEG j dG
. ee e j CG b S SL Ie Oj
e EG e e J CG ( Gg de TdG gh ) IOd c BGdG dG RYEG H d

jG
www.eajaz.org

KGMEG EG YLQEG K IjL feR KGMEG EG f N e dPh dG aW YS Oj

. k FL hCG k c , e AT M j CG hO , a fc dG hCG edG
f Ic YH e L H edG dSG CH jfBG jf CG Mf CG Y
d . edG f j G c GPEG J jdG J CG dP , Gg de dYEG
. NBG Y j dG e Y Y dh jdh dG Y S e d edG CG g dM
fG edG dSG CH jfBG dOe W d fCG dP cDj h , H UN eR e d CG
. dG BGdG A`L dG UdG Y
0 . 999999 g S eR H YS fc dG e Y Y dG hCG jdG CG VaG a
- : CG fLd jfBG dOe W K , AdG YS e

eR H iNCG Ie cJ IOYEGh a EG dG e fh TdG d c Z bdG Ggh

d G CGh , eR d ( IOG e M eh ) fEG CG EG `j g BGdG RYEG EG . S
. dG e Y Y dG JKGMEG V dG edG e , iNCG feR LJ fCGh , eR
OHCG HQCG cj fCG j Ga , eR dG e Y Y dh eR d EG bCG eYh
g fC a edG OHCG e N d , dP e cCG cG OHCG d fc a , a
. YVe

IMGh KO fedG GjdG NG

dG UCG b
. dG UCG b dd e N
, gdYa , Y GHCa , dP EG eb GYOh J G GhMa , cT eb dG dN d
k n Yn n Jp jn BG rep Gfo cn p bp sdGhn p r n dr G
n n Ur CGn sCGn nr p Mn r CGn ): J b . G c EG G gGhBG K
jG
www.eajaz.org

116

117

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

. ( 10 : dG ) ( Gk Tn Qn fn p er CGn rep n dn ur ngnh k n Mr Qn n fr o dn rep n Jp BG n sHQn Gdo n an p r n dr G n EGp o n r p dr G ihn CGn Pr EGp (9)
hCG adG d YdG edG Y Aij dG `g e . c eh k L Gef dG GNO a
b . dc H edG jJ NG e H a H j G c h . ebh dG , HG
rp tCGn n n r n dp r ogn r n Hn sKo (11) Gk On Yn n p Sp p r n dr G p r ppfGPBn G n Yn n Hr n n an ) : J
Go p dn np n Mr CGn rp Hn rG
( 12 : dG ) ( Gk en CGn
. eR GjJ KK g fc GbaCG eY
r o tHQn Gdo bn m r jn n r Hn hr CGn k er jn n r p dn Gdo bn or r p dn r cn r o r ep l Fp bn n bn ) J b . dG jJ g : hCG jdG
H hCG k ej Gd fCG GhT G . GQSG K Q`T jd c d . ( 19 : dG ) ( or r p dn np o n Yr CGn
np o n Yr CGn r o tHQn m ) Gdbh GcQSa , jdG Gg e SJ Ic IQH J b dTCG CG EG . j
fCG dH , k ejCG Rhj d H , GS EG fgPCG fCG EG O Z GQSG Ggh . ( or r p dn
CG MU GUhCGh JRH fc dG jdG dG f GSG a . G Gg e dP H GaJ
IOdG Y ggj hCG gLd ghNCa fe eb j CG N JLM FGT id Gk QM j
o n r an p n jp rn G n EGp p p ng r o bp Qp n Hp r co nMn CGn Go n Hr an ) Y jM J b . dGh dG EG
k en Wn cn Rr CGn n tjCGn r
r ppsep p r co hop jo hr CGn r co o Lo r jn r o r n Yn Gho n r jn rEGp r o sfEGp (19) Gk Mn CGn r o Hp sn p r jo hn sr n n n dr hn o r ep mRr p Hp r o Jp Cr n r an
. ( 20 , 19 : dG ) ( (20) Gk Hn CGn Gk PEGp Go p r Jo rdn hn
dG OY M ef bSG dG edG `gh . ( UGdG eR ) OG edG jJ : dG jdG
( 25 : dG ) ( k r Jp GhoOGnORr Ghn n p Sp m Fn ep nKn r ppr cn p Go p dn hn ) : J b . SdG Y QJ c
d ? jdG IG g N iL GPe . dG Ff `gh S Jh FKK Y e d , f
k gN bj SdG QUh , Gk Gk d GUCGh Y Ghj h ICa SdG gaG
, L H L
GJe CG Hh , dP H Y GhY a , gf jb dG ADg UCa , gH e eb eBG K
n Yn Go n Zn njsp dG n bn r ppH o n Yr CGn r o tHQn k fn r Ho r pr n Yn Go Hr G Gdo n an ) : J b . J c GNG , M
. ( 21 : dG ) ( Gk p r en r pr n Yn sn sp n dn r gp p er CGn
b CG a , J G Y e g H , G e MC e Z jJ g : ddG jdG
G r bo ) J dG jBG ITe b . ( k pr J GhOo GOn Rr Ghn pn Sp mFn pe
n Kn r p pr cn p Go p dn hn ) : J
x p hn r pe ppfhOo r pe r o dn en r pSr CGn hn ppH r p Hr CGn Vp Qr Cn Ghn G
p n sn dG o r nZ o dn Go p dn np o n Yr CGn o
p pr Mo p o p rjo hn
. ( 26 : dG ) ( Gk Mn CGn

jG
www.eajaz.org

- : ddG bdG d dP H
jdG Y GLCG fEG M jdG dG Gg H hj dG id " edG jJ " CG Mj (1
.( or r p dn np o n Yr CGn r o tHQn ) : dH GQSG Y GLCG k jCG K j H hCG k ej d dH edG
. dG N NBG eR Gfc fCG GcQj fEG
fEG PEG . G edG jJ ce Hh IcGdG H G hdG Y KDj jdG ef EG (2
d dG QGSG gGa MG gh . dTCG J GM CG H d YCG HQ Gdb
M k L Gef eY dG bGdG Qe e jG bGdG e eJ k jCG dP Y j eh . IcGdG
o n r an p n jp rn G n EGp p p ng r o bp Qp n Hp r co nMn CGn Go n Hr an ) Gdb
sn p r jo hn sr n n n dr hn o r ep mRr p Hp r o Jp Cr n r an k en Wn cn Rr CGn n tjCGn r
H J fc G edG jJ ce EG IcGdG e SG G CG Y j Ggh . ( Gk Mn CGn r o Hp
QH J b edG KGMEG Y be CG GcQj h hCG edG KGMEG EG GhOY d . W
. GS Jh FKK

ZQ jdG ef N dG Y bJ b dG id G edG jJ ce CG d adG e (3

k VGh KCG c QdGh dG ba . Fb dM fc k L LQG edG jJ e CG
r o Vo rp Jn r Hn n Zn GPn EGp hn p pn dr G nGPn r ppr cn rYn Qo hn G nnJn r n n Wn GPn EGp n r sdG in Jn hn ) : J b . ej Hh dG
X k `L fY Ea L `eh . ( 17 : dG ) ( G
p jn BG rep n dp Pn o r ep Im n r an p r oghn p n udG nGPn
n
k
RL CG dP eh , ( 18 : dG ) ( Ol bo Qo r oghn Xn jr CG r o o n rn hn ) : J `b . e`f `N e
N e QdGh dG bJ `Vh gh f GTDG dch , dG gh edG GTDG dG
edG IMh Ea dP eh , W dM k L Gfc , dG NGO dG cM KCG Vh
dG H dG SM EG eCG Qj dG Y G CG Y dO ah , GQTEG g J G
edG IMh EG SJ jdG GQTEG CG Y dO dP h . e fc dh M XH
jG
www.eajaz.org

118

119

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

CG dP e cCG H . eCG Gg QGUEG Y G dG Yh , G e dH `eCG d Qj CG H EG G

UN GQTEG CG SQEG Y bdH G edG H UG ILCG L EG eGhCG Qj G
Mh dG d fCG bCa ILCG L bCG eYh . G edG IMh EG dG GH
QhO d G e iNCG Ak GLCG CG jG HCG dO b H , GQTEG J SQEGh dH j dG
O d jgL Y a`M dG id G edG jJ ce CG c k M MG d . k jCG dP
? ef AKCG J M LhCG MCG g dP c a , gObQ Y IjG IG g Qhe ZQ XSG
dP M c Y AdG J SG e j a , VGaG S Y dh , dc eCG c Ea
r Hn n Zn GPn EGp hn p pn dr G nGPn r ppr cn rYn Qo hn G nnJn r n n Wn GPn EGp n r sdG in Jn hn ) : J db Mh . gdG M e
( 17 : dG ) ( G
p jn BG rep n dp Pn o r ep Im n r an p r oghn p n udG nGPn r o Vo rp Jn
- : dG dG g c `aGG Vh QJ fEa .

dG fc eY a . ( 18 : dG ) ( p n udG nGPn hn p pn dr G nGPn r o o un fo hn ) : J db Mf K

j Gfc dG GP dG VJ eYh , dG GP j Gfc dG GP c Y QhGJ
. YCG G . !! dG GP
, bG LCG Y bj gDf UCG Y QdG eb ah dG dG NG CG H (4
k
k , edG M e , k jQJ c d . HZ jQJ EG k a k T GMCH e
dG FbdGh GMCH aM
UH SMEG Gg c c d . edG Qh SMEG a SMCG H fjj SdG c
dG LCG H Gk MGh eCG d . ? k jS hCG k H k SMEG c CG k W k jOY c g . !!? dG N
jG
www.eajaz.org

. YLQ CSG Y j c dG G gh hCG a . FNG e bJ

k c d
VdG je e fCG EG , k H c edG Qh QT Ea dHh QfGh bJ dM L
dG Ve j a SdG id edG Qh QdG QU bJ bJ eh , ANG Vh gh , jG
. k W
gcf KOM CG e k e Ggh , cj k T edG M dG J J INCG LCG EG K
edG IOdG H f CG hO Ybh hCG KhM jQJ cf fEa , G jQdG bh b fc
a fG SdG gBGQh jdG dG Gg H dG N eY dh . dH cQf c EGh Sf
GSH SMEG jH H , KOd jG e`dG SMEG jH d dh edG jJ SM Gk Qa
k j Cc . ed jQdG
.!! jW Ia g c , G j , dG fCGh hb KK e , G AT e : e
. JcP dG G Y dG H k dZ j , ed jQdG GSH BG QT fEG

S FKK ) . `dG edG J M dPh k J GhOGORGh `S KK c dG d d ( 5

? iNCG edG hJ Gd c d ( dG dG M S Jh FKKh dG dG M
GjJ d `S 309 gh edG Gg EG . VQCGh GdG dN EG GDdG Gg Y HLEG MCG j
. G EG j Gk L Ic i`NCG eR
dG KGMEG NH j edG FYh jJ d , g M e f KOH e Va
G j Z g H , d ee Z iNCG KGMEG fc h . KOG KMEG Y FGdG e j
. ( Go p dn np o n Yr CGn o G r bo ) : J a . fG Gd Gk L k bO k J k e AL BGdG dG Ea J
GdG Z d dG Lh Y G CG CG . ( Vp Qr Cn Ghn Gp n n sdG o r Zn o dn ) : b K KGMEG H
dH k H eCG c h . dG fG . fedG OJh KGMEG J OY j e a g VQCGh
`e EG H dG eCG Gg CG EG f`TQCG J G Ea , dG M d Sh h dEG

jG
www.eajaz.org

120

121

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

Y G U G `SQ fHCG d , f , ( r pSr CGn hn p Hp r p Hr CGn ) a N e Gk MCG j H , J G

H fHCG e OhM Y bdG j ddh . UJ BGdH SCGh dG gCG KOM BGdH Sh
fHCG e OHC aG`SG `e I`MGh g KOG `g `edG d fCG G dh . SCG eh
. SCG eh

n dp Pn l Yp an uEGp mAr n dp sdn o Jn hn ): J db AL dG BGdG dG UCG b cP S ( 6

eY Sh Y G U SdG CG SdG AL bh . ( 24 : dG ) ( so G An n jn rCGn sEGp (23) Gk Zn
h Gk Z S fEG d b fdG P CG VQCG GdG LdGh hdGh dG b Y OdG dCS
jGhdG J UJ fG (1) dP H SCG Y HLEG MdG Y NCa , G AT EG j
. 71/3 c HG J

jG
www.eajaz.org

h , G IY U e Gg CGh , J G QeCG L J gC OTQEG a jBG CG T h

CG Y GPEG UN , edG Y jG j a jBG fG H SG hf CG SCH d
LMG L j e jBG de e a CGh , YdG b EG bG LCG Wj dG BGdG
H dG dG J " Gk Z " ch . dN GG L j e dch , QdG e Y IOG
.iNCG eR gH NBG eR WG d J b " Gk Z " dh , OG dG edG fjJ
ea . Z Y edG H iNCG gH j Y edG H " Gk Z " j e CG
k M Yh dh , `Yh Ga ddh , H Z Y AL b j a Y " dG " JCj
CG J G AT GPEa . J G AT GPEG Gg , WN jdG c WG Z j CG H fEa
dEG H YdG HQ Ea ddh . `YG NEG j CG H a WN dG Z Z gZ j
eh . NBG eR CG hCG YGdG eR WG c AGS YG j dG MG M c j
H f Le Fa YS GP Fa HcQ id YOj gh NB T j CG dP
j CG Yh dG MU Y CS , eR H dG Gg LQ eYh , LJ eY Gk Z SCS
j OG dG eR dG CG WH dGh . S Y e e fEG d a G e
. FdG G aS dG dG eR dG g
NBG dG aj CG J G AT a . dG id dG j CG Cj J G EG PEG
J G AT GPEG - MGh eR fS PEG OG Z j j CG eEH d FdG G
Y IQdG YH Gh gh hCG id Ak GHG e G dG iS jBG a VEG fL Ggh - k jCG
. J G AT EG Gk Z dG REG
p jn p r jn rCGn n Yn r bo hn np fn GPn EGp sn HQn r co PGr hn ) : dG UCG b S J db e eg bh dh (7
. ( 24 : dG ) ( Gk Tn Qn Gn ng rep n n br Cn uHQn
dHh e KOM G edG jJ ce OhJ IcGdG CG g dG j dG Gh
( gcj fC ) J dG Gd dH KOG g CG , gAGREG jJ CG AGHEG YLY fEa
. " eR bh " He " eR j " AT H a , d eR AYh a dHh
GSG eR hCG Ybh eR M eh g M e c eCG QSG IOYEG c EG fTJ jBG dh
QHh , IcGd TfEG g J G cP e EG . J G cP gh jBG VGh OTQEGh . KhM
GH UG GQTEG CGJ cdG M eh . cdH cdG j M EG TfG Gg OGOj OjORG
dG KOd edG GjdG j QhH dG G edG jJ ce EG IcGdG e aJ G
IcGdG e G j CG CG , G " eR " EG " eR " e SdG j cdG CG CG . `bh

jG
www.eajaz.org

122

123

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

. cdG cG " eR " j K eR fCc H dG

cj ga cj a Gk eCG cj CG e T hM GPEG fCG gh , ddG NBG Lh d jBG CG Y
f b j Cc , H dG e f GPEG fCG hCG . f dG e Gk TQ bCG Ad jj CG Yj CH J G
jj CG dCjh J G ca Ye a CG H H dG e cJ K , de eP aO hCG Ad Y AadG
hCG G dG J b a bCG c Me g g j eh . Ja dG Gg e Gk TQ bC
edG jJ ce Y dG e k Yf J a NCG G GH gfNCG GPEGh . edG hCG G
Gk QT j G edG jJ ce j SG Ggh , Ja hCG f e jJ SG Y Tf G
. iNCG QeCd k W jJ j M , G eCG Gg j a edG Qh k UN
. fEG e edG jJ ce Y LGhORG Gk L G Gg eCa
,dG UCG e eR Y jG N jBG g S AL c Mf G g IQOe bh
dP Y dG h , b c dG H M e jdG dG CG EG IQTEG a Cch
. e jGdG Wh J G cH EG dG

gOGh fedG GaG

nHp Nn jb Y e dG

. G dEG IQdG LhCG e Lh , Gk OG hCG k bGaG , fedG NGJ EG

G o Jn en Cn an n Jp r en nr Hn o G p p ng p r jo sfCGn n bn n Th
p o Yo n Yn l jn hp Nn n gp hn m jn r bn n Yn sen sp dcn hr CGn ) : J b
o an m Yn n Fn ep nr p dn r Hn n bn m r jn n r Hn hr CGn k er jn or p dn n bn nr p dn r cn n bn o n n Hn sKo m Yn n Fn ep
rn n Hp Gn Tn hn n ep n Wn n EGp r f
o hn Ss
o hn r snn jn
n bn o dn sn n Jn sn an k rn ngo r fn sKo ngo
p fo n r cn p n p dr G n EGp r fG
p dp k jn BG n n n r n dp hn pn Qn Mp n EGp r fG
( 251 : IdG ) ( l jp bn mAr Tn uco n Yn n G sCGn o n Yr CGn
- : bdG H jBG `g e YVe UH dh
edG jJ ce aG jdG Y ( jY fEG j ) LdG Y a bh dG dG -1
Y " Qhe " Ia W edG dG Gg SGh , G Gd edG IjL J U
k dh jd ee Z IdG g . ( m jn r bn n Yn sen sp dcn hr CGn ) jdG
M YS hCG YS f e
. d dH Gk L k e jdG Gg dh , OG edG jdG
jG
www.eajaz.org

l jn hp Nn ) jb a , H M b dG GG J Y fc jdG Y LdG c eY -2
hCG , ce gG edG j edG jJ ce CGH gh , ( n Th
p o Yo n Yn
c NBG G , HG dG g Y gh jdG g Y e b dG IdG Qd VG G
Kj fc fdGh hCG bdG fcP e " ( n Jp r en nr Hn o G p p ng p r jo sfCGn ) G G`SG
." KGMEG f MGh BG

`L e JhG edG GjdG GSG e G J Y gh LdG Lh Y G eCG ICa -3

!? dP N M GPa , `Y Fe Je SGh , iNCG L `e k jCG cGh
ch , a J G JeCG dG dG dG Y jd edG jJ ce bJ a , Ld dH - CG
. fcP `dG VdG Y G e`dG jJ ce e`dG `TDe
. hCG J CG j CG hO dM Y HGTh eW H -
jG
www.eajaz.org

124

125

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

k UCG b QM CG M -
. DhG`LCG Jh eY baG k Fe k e k Y g
gDe UCa JeN GcCGh gJ GMCGh JQY GhOYCa GbCG dEG AL a jdG eCGh - O
. SdG e b e a d
- : edG M e ge eCG BG f
a Gg Yh . QL eda d dH eCG . dEG dH bJ b edG Ea LdG j a - CG
dH " eRdG " M b H EG LdG e e Y Fe N M dG GMCG
e k T jd edG jJ ce fG H eY d . d dH " Y Fe " Mh d
. " j H hCG j " e cCH Y FG Qj CG e j
hdG CG j Ga ICa G d Mh HGTh eW eh QM Y k cGQ c LdG CG W -
a dM Y GdGh dG H k jCGh ? j dM Y LdG L H GPa . IMGh dG
dP CG T . ed Jh d e HUCG e QG UCG M ? AG SCj h dG j
jJ LCh . JOGQEGh eh Y ahh Qbh FH dG AT c CGh J G IQb Rj
- : dG dG Sf CG dG g QJ

- : j e dG G`g Mj
. V dEG QG g h , j KOG e CG - CG
. AMCG YS ah OG edG M Y 100 EG QTCG edG Q Y KOG SEG EG -
QG H M IjL eR KGMEG HGTh eWh LdG NO JeEG M CG O d -
. J hH JKGMEG f jdGh
jG
www.eajaz.org

. k jJ G Y edG a fG IjG KGMEG - O

jG
www.eajaz.org

126

127

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

fedG H fG
GGh AGSEG
rn p p r rn G rep k r dn p p r n Hp in Sr CGn sp dG nn r So ) : J b
( o dn r Mn n cr Qn Hn sp dG n br Cn G p p r rn G n EGp Gp n G
s nn an fn On sKo (7) n Yr Cn G p ao Co Hp n oghn (6) in n S
r an Im sep hPo (5) in o dr G o jp Tn o n sYn ) : J bh . (1 : AG`SEG)
n Yn o fn hQo n o an CGn (11) iCGn Qn en Oo GDn o dr G n n cn en (10) Mn hr CGn en p p r Yn n EGp Mn hr Cn an (9) fn Or CGn hr CGn rp Sn r bn
n bn nn an (8)
en In Qn ur dG rn jn Pr EGp (15) ihn Cr rn G o sLn ng nr Yp (14) n n r or G Ip Qn r Sp nr Yp (13) in rNCGo k dn rfn o BGQn r n dn hn (12) in jn en
. ( 18 5 : dG ) ( irn o dr G p uHQn
p jn BG rep iCGn Qn r n dn (17) n Wn en hn o n n dr G n GRn en (16) rn jn
- : feR jd a

. feR f gh AGSEG eR : hCG

. NBG eR gh GG eR : dG
. FG e e eR dh

jG
www.eajaz.org

edG S
- : gRHCG e " edG S " e bh dh
. edG GNG : hCG bdG
,cG gH edG j CG H j H J Y IQb fEG J G YCG d
VG Lj CG JQH CG CG , IMGh dPh `dG GQe Oj ,Gh VG
. !! VG jh G jh
M VM Sj CG feEH K . !! g eh V edG S j CG CG
CG j fCG c . G e SG eh VG e LSG e dGh GSG e d JOGQEG
- : de dd VCGh . !! GdH J gH k HgPh L Gh VGh VG H j
. ( 29 26 : dG ) : J b 1

jG
www.eajaz.org

128

129

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

( 30 : gGHEG ) : J b 2

gOY , feR Y gh . VG (1) eR EG . GK 10 GM jBG `g IAGb J

Ic feR `Y IQ`Y a G S Y j jdG eR eCGh , Gk OGfCG GL jdG OH
) IOG fed eT a , ( G + VG + VG ) (3) eRh (2) eRh (1) eR `a
+ VG ) (3) eRh (2) eR a ( G b ) J db eCGh . e H dG ( Oa d CG
) (3) eH a ( QdG EG ce Ea ) J db eCGh . IOe feR e a ( G
. IOe feR e a ( G

jG
www.eajaz.org

edG Sh OdG : fdG bdG

- : eR OHCG KK c d edG S N Y j Oa c
. ( VG gh ) 1
. ( VG gh ) b dG dG 2
. ( G gh ) gH dG dG 3
k
fc dG gh , ddG dG JCJ eYh
a c dG dG Jh , Gk VM J fEa , e
SJ dd G J QGSH a , k Ve k Ve fc dG dG Jh , k Ve
Y `fEG j dG `gh , k Ve dG j LCG AfG Yh G h . VG
gYh , j`L `e edG `j j eY gc

QdG hCG Gh k Ve fdG jCGh Gk VM dG Jh , jL e edG QJ CGj gYh

k e
(49 : dG) ( Gk V
p Mn Go pYn en ) : J d`b G G`g QJ `T EG CG`bEG . `dG fG . `
,VG ( GY e ) : J da . ( 7 : iQ`dG ) `dG jah G `a ja " : J d`bh
J dbh , Gk VM jjCG H UCG VG CG CG ,dG dP ( VG ) Gk VM .. GhLhh dbh
rn p l jp an )
. dG H G gh CG , VG d dH G ( p p sdG p l jp an hn p sG

jG
www.eajaz.org

130

131

OUQCGh AjdGh dG Y

e jb g e dG GQe GNG e Y FSG IQb fEG J G YCG d

- : dG fG " eR "

2 + 1 = dG G
( S + ) + ( + S ) =
U = ( ) 2 = S + + - S =
k eR hj CG h . k CG , eR j VG Y G EG K Vd gdG CG CG
k RedG a . VGh VG H dG GSG hJ d a b
k
, 1 ) : g , e H
.(2,1,2
. 2 = 1 h 2 = 1 M

jG
www.eajaz.org

N
S d J bh . dG cdG jBG H e SG fedG H ALQCG W a .. Hh
J Q WN GQTEG O g IG SGQdG g H dG EGh . dG BGdG Gg RYEG
GLa d MS dG G dG Gg Y e Gd Gh MdG eCG k SGh dG
. ( 38 : fCG ) ( mAr Tn rep n
p p dr G p n Wsr an en ) :FdG g J Gh , gGL e Gjh dB e
G SCGh dG eh f a dP Z c eh Mh G a G e SGQdG g c e
. dG Q G CG fGYO NBGh . dG

jG
www.eajaz.org

132