Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NB: Just because a person is an heir, does not mean that he will inherit. One good reason, the heir
does not have the capacity to succeed. Or Ayaw niya mag inherit kasi trip lang niya.
(2011) 60. An Australian living in the Philippines acquired shares of stock worth P10million in food
manufacturing companies. He died in Manila, leaving a legal wife and a child in Australia and a live-in
partner with whom he had two children in Manila. He also left a will, done according to Philippine laws,
leaving all his properties to his live-in partner and their children. What law will govern the validity of
the disposition in the will?
A. Australia law since his legal wife and legitimate child are Australians and domiciled in Australia.
B. Australian law since the intrinsic validity of the provisions of a will is governed by the
decedents national law.
C. Philippine law since the decedent died in Manila and he executed his will according to such law.
D. Philippine law since the decedents properties are in the Philippines.
Validity of the disposition in the will go to the intrinsic validity of will. And as far as intrinsic validity is
concern, we follow nationality principles. So it is the nationality of the decedent.
(2012) 4. The capacity of an heir to succeed shall be governed by the:
a) national law of the decedent's heirs
b) law of the country where the decedent was a resident at the time of his death
c) national law of the person who died
d) law of the country where the properties of the decedent are located.
Law of the country where the properties of the decedent are located is the 1st para of art 16. -Real
property as well as personal property is subject to the law of the country where it is stipulated. (lex rei
Sitae) but it is not applicable as far as succession is concerned in relation as to aspect like order of
succession, amount of successional rights, intrinsic validity of testamentary provisions and capacity to
succeed .
NB: Lex Rei Sitae would be relevant only as to the probate because would the probate proceedings
prosper if there will no properties in the country where the petition is filed? Of course no.
Q: The extrinsic validity of X a Filipino but a permanent resident of Canada shall be governed by?
a) law of the country where the will was executed
b) law of the country where the decedent died
c) law of the country where the decedent a resident at the time of his death
d) national law of the heir
e) law of the country where the property of the decedent where located.
Pag Filipino, Art 17 will be applicable. The forms and solemnities of contracts, wills, and other public
instruments shall be governed by the laws of the country in which they are executed.
(Lex Loci Celebrationis), as long as the will is consistent with the law of the country where the wills was
executed, the will can be probated in this country.
Pag ang tanong, May the will be probated? Ang premise niya ay sa pilipinas unless the problem is very
clear that may the will be probated in Japan? But normally sa Philippines lagi. Reason dun is ano alam
natin sa law ng Japan.
Q: X, a Filipino citizen but a permanent resident of Canada, suffered a heart attack and died in Japan
while attending a conference. He was survived by his wife, an American citizen, his parents, a sister
and two children who are both Filipino citizens. He left properties in the Philippines and in France. He
left a will which he executed in London. The will of X may be probated if it was executed in accordance
with the
a. British law
b. Law of Japan
c. Law of Canada
d. Philippine law
e. French law
A: as far Philippines is concerned, aside from art 17 and art 815, would tell as that a Filipino who is in
abroad may executed his will in accordance with law of the place where he maybe. This is consistent
with Lex Loci Celebrationis.
But there is nothing in Phil. Law which tells us that a Filipino who executed his will abroad may
execute his will in accordance with Filipino law. Wala problema dito sa Pilipinas because that would be
Lex Loci celebrationis. But if he executed his will in London, may he execute his will in accordance with
Phil. Law?
A: I fully agreed to the position that he may validity execute his will in accordance with Phil Law
because that right is given to the alien under art 816 and 817 that an alien may executed his will in
accordance with his national law. So if alien is given such a right, why a Filipino will not be given such
right. Db? Para second citizen lang ang ating mga kababayan sa sariling batas natin.
Phil law will be the answer.
Applicable Laws; Arts 15, 16 & 17 (1998)
Q: Juan is a Filipino citizen residing in Tokyo, Japan. State what laws govern:
2. His successional rights as regards his deceased Filipino father's property in Texas, U.S.A.
a. Phil law because Juan is a Filipino
b. Japanese law because Juan residing in Japan
c. USA Law because the properties are located in US
d. Phil law because the deceased is a Filipino
Art. 16. Civil Code, a person's successional rights are governed by the national law of the decedent (2nd
par.. Art. 16). Since Juan's deceased father was a Filipino citizen, Philippine law governs Juan's
successional rights.
3. The extrinsic validity of the last will and testament which Juan executed while sojourning in
Switzerland.
The extrinsic validity of Juan's will is governed by
(a) Swiss law, it being the law where the will was made (Art. 17. 1st par. Civil Code), Lex Loci
celebrationis or Art 815 or
(b) Philippine law, because Juan is a Filipino. by implication from the provisions of Art. 816, Civil Code,
which allows even an alien who is abroad to make a will in conformity with our Civil Code.
4. The intrinsic validity of said will.
The intrinsic validity of his will is governed by Philippine law, it being his national law. (Art. 16, Civil
Code)
(2012) 97. Any disposition made upon the condition that the heir shall make some provision in his will
in favor of the testator or of any other person shall be void. Here, both the condition and the disposition
are void. What principle is being referred to?
a) reserva troncal
b) preterition
c) fideicommissary
d) disposicion captatoria (void disposition)
NB: If the examiner did not mention the nationality of the testator, you can presume that the decedent
or testator is a Filipino. Therefore Phil law shall be governed and that principle is called dispisicion
capatatoria which is a voed disposition.
(2012) 8. If a will is executed by a testator who was born a Filipino citizen but became a naturalized
Japanese citizen at the time of his death, what law will govern its testamentary provisions if the will is
executed in China and the property being disposed is located in Indonesia?
a) Chinese law
b) Philippine law
c) Indonesian law
d) Japanese law (intrinsic validity)
The question governs by testamentary provisions and it pertains to the intrinsic validity. And because
hindi na siya Filipino and naturalized Japanese citizen na siya. The answer will be Japanese law. It is
the national law of the decedent shall be governed.
(2012)5. Atty. BUKO, a Filipino, executed a will while he was in Spain. The attestation clause of the
said will does not contain Buko's signature. It is valid under Spanish law. At its probate in Manila, it is
being opposed on the ground that the attestation clause does not contain BUKO's signature. Is the
opposition correct?
a) Yes, because it is a fatal defect.
b) Yes, the will is not valid under Philippine law.
c) No, attestation clause is not an act of the testator.
d) No, the governing law is Spanish law.
The attestation clause means the formalities of the will. (lex loci celebrationis) nagkataon kasi na it is
valid under Spanish law.
Applicable Laws; Wills Executed Abroad (1993)
A, a Filipino, executed a will in Kuwait while there as a contract worker. Assume that under the laws of
Kuwait, it is enough that the testator affix his signature to the presence of two witnesses and that they
will need not be acknowledged before a notary public.
May the will be probated in the Philippines?
a. Yes, because A is a Filipino
b. Yes, because of Lex Loci Celebrationis
c. No, because the will shall be governed by Phil Law
d. No, Under the domiciliary law
It may also answer depending on the kind of will, if it is a holographic will, then theres no need for the
three witnesses and acknowledgement or even as a notarial will or ordinary will, the will may still be
probated in accordance with lex loci celebrationis because it is valid under the law of place where the
will was executed.
Again, the witnesses and the acknowledgement go to the formalities.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
Yes. Under Articles 815 and 17 of the Civil Code, (lex loci celebrationis) the formality of the execution of
a will is governed by the law of the place of execution. If the will was executed with the formalities
prescribed by the laws of Kuwait and valid there as such, the will is valid and may be probated in the
Philippines.
Wills; Formalities (1990)
(1) If a will is executed by a testator who is a Filipino citizen, what law will govern if the will is executed
in the Philippines? What law will govern if the will is executed in another country? Explain your
answers.
a. if he executed in the Philippines, Philippine law, both as to intrinsic and extrinsic
b. if he executed in the Philippines, the law on the place where the properties were located both as to
intrinsic and extrinsic
c. if he executed in the abroad, the law on the place where the will was executed both as to intrinsic
and extrinsic
d. if he executed in the abroad, the law on the place where the properties were located both as to
intrinsic and extrinsic
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
(1) a. If the testator who is a Filipino citizen executes his will in the Philippines, Philippine law will
govern the formalities.
b. If said Filipino testator executes his will in another country, the law of the country where he maybe
or Philippine law will govern the formalities. (Article 815, Civil Code}
NB: pag my validity ung tanong, always consider that there two aspects as far as validity of the will is
concern. There are Intrinsic and Extrinsic validity. It should be cover both.
(2) If a will is executed by a foreigner, for instance, Japanese, residing in the Philippines, what law will
govern if the will is executed in the Philippines? And what law will govern if the will is executed in
Japan, or some other country, for instance, the U.S.A.?
ART 816 the foreigner executed a will abroad
1. His national law
2. Domiciliary law
3. Philippine law
4. Lex Loci Celebrationis (817)
As long as the will was executed of one of this four, it may be probated here in the Philippines.
ART 817 the foreigner executed a will here in the Philippines.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
(2) a. If the testator is a foreigner residing in the Philippines and he executes his will in the Philippines,
the law of the country of which he is a citizen or Philippine law will govern the formalities.
b. If the testator is a foreigner and executes his will in a foreign country, the law of his place of
residence or the law of the country of which he is a citizen or the law of the place of execution, or
Philippine law will govern.
Q. X, a French national but a permanent resident of Canada, suffered a heart attack and died in Japan
while attending a conference. He was survived by his wife, his parents, a sister and two children. He left
properties in the Philippines and in Germany. He left a will which he executed in London. The will of X
cannot be probated if it was executed in accordance with the
a. Philippine law
b. Law of Japan
c. Law of Canada
d. British law
e. French law
f. None of the above
(2012)10. Pedro (Filipino) and his wife Jane (American) executed a joint will in Canada, where such
joint will is valid. In case the joint will is probated in Japan, what law will govern the formalities of the
joint will?
a) American law
b) Philippine law
c) Canadian law
d) Japanese law
(2012) 13. The will of a Filipino executed in a foreign country
a)cannot be probated in the Philippines;
b) May be probated in the Philippines provided that properties in the estate are located in the
Philippines;
c) Cannot be probated before the death of the testator;
d) May be probated in the Philippines provided it was executed in accordance with the laws of
the place where the will was executed.
As to form, and the testator is an alien who executed a will abroad
1. His national law or
2. Domiciliary law or
3. Philippine law
4. Lex Loci Celebrationis (817)
The testator is an alien who executed a will here in the Philippines:
1. His national law or
2. Philippine law
Probate; Holographic Will; Legitime (2009)
On December 1, 2000, Dr. Juanito Fuentes executed a holographic will, wherein he gave nothing to his
recognized illegitimate son, Jay. Dr. Fuentes left for the United States, passed the New York medical
licensure examinations, resided therein, and became a naturalized American citizen. He died in New
York in 2007. The laws of New York do not recognize holographic wills or compulsory heirs.
a. Can the holographic will of Dr. Fuentes be admitted to probate in the Philippines? Why or why not?
a.
b.
c.
d.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
a) Yes, the holographic will of Dr. Fuentes may be admitted to probate in the Philippines because there
is no public policy violated by such probate. The only issue at probate is the due execution of the will
which includes the formal validity of the will. As regards formal validity, the only issue the court will
resolve at probate is whether or not the will was executed in accordance with the form prescribed by
the law observed by the testator in the execution of his will. For purposes of probate in the Philippines,
an alien testator may observe the law of the place where the will was executed (art. 17, NCC), or the
formalities of the law of the place where he resides, or according to the formalities of the law of his own
country, or in accordance with the Philippine Civil Code (Art. 816, NCC). Since Dr. Fuentes executed
his will in accordance with Philippine law, the Philippine Court shall apply the NCC in determining the
formal validity of the holographic will. Under the NCC, which was the law used by Dr. Fuentes, the law
in force at the time of execution of the will shall govern the formal validity of the will (Art. 795, NCC).
b. Assuming that the will is probated in the Philippines; can Jay validly insist that he be given his
legitime? Why or why not? (3%)
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
b) No, Jay cannot insist because under New York law he is not a compulsory heir entitled to a legitime.
The national law of the testator determines who his heirs are, the order that they succeed, how much
their successional rights are, and whether or not a testamentary disposition in his will is valid (Art. 16,
NCC). Since, Dr. Fuentes was a US citizen, the laws of New York determines who his heirs are. And
since New York law does not recognize the concept of compulsory heirs, Jay is not a compulsory heir of
Dr. Fuentes entitled to a legitime.
Applicable Laws; Succession; Intestate & Testamentary (2001)
Alex was born a Filipino but was a naturalized Canadian citizen at the time of his death on December
25, 1998. He left behind a last will and testament in which he bequeathed all his properties, real and
personal, in the Philippines to his acknowledged illegitimate Fillpina daughter and nothing to his two
legitimate Filipino sons. The sons sought the annulment of the last will and testament on the ground
that it deprived them of their legitimes but the daughter was able to prove that there were no
compulsory heirs or legitimes under Canadian law. Who should prevail? Why? (5%)
a.
b.
c.
d.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
The daughter should prevail because Article 16 of the New Civil Code provides that intestate and
testamentary succession shall be governed by the national law of the person whose succession is under
consideration.
(47:07)(1985)Q: 10c An Englishman, who had resided in the Philippines for a long time, executed a will
in France disposing his real and personal property in Philippines. What law governs the validity of his
will? Discuss
A: with respect to the intrinsic validity of the will, it the English Law in force at the time of his
death. With respect however to the extrinsic validity of the will, it is the law of England or of France or
of the Philippines at the time of the execution of the will.
As provided by law, the extrinsic validity of a will of an alien is governed by the law of the place
where the will is executed, where he resides, where he is a national or by the civil code. The intrinsic
validity of the will however shall be governed by the national law of the decedent.
(1989)Q: 10.2 X, a Spanish citizen and a residing in Los Angeles, California, executed his will in Tokyo.
A. May the will be probated in the Philippines? B. May his estate located in the Philippines be
distributed in conformity with the provisions of the said will?
A: a. Yes, as long as it is in accordance either in Spanish law, California Law, Japan law or Phil Law.
b. Yes, provided that the provisions conform to the order of succession and the amount of
successional rights as regulated by Spanish law.
Applicable Laws; Sucession of Aliens (1995)
Michelle, the French daughter of Penreich, a German national, died in Spain leaving real properties in
the Philippines as well as valuable personal properties in Germany.
1. What law determines who shall succeed the deceased? Explain your answer and give its legal basis.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
Assuming that the estate of the decedent is being settled in the Philippines)
1. The national law of the decedent (French law) shall govern in determining who will succeed to his
estate. The legal basis is Art. 16 par. 2, NCC.
2. What law regulates the distribution of the real properties in the Philippines? Explain your answer
and give its legal basis.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
2. The distribution of the real properties in the Philippines shall be governed by French law. The legal
basis is Art. 16, NCC).
3. What law governs the distribution of the personal properties in Germany? Explain your answer and
give its legal basis.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
3. The distribution of the personal properties in Germany shall be governed by French law. The legal
basis is Art. 16, NCC).
(56:00)
(1988)Q: 12c. A, a citizen of California,USA but domiciled in the Philippines, died testate in Manila,
survived by two acknowledged natural children, B and C. In his will, he left more than P500,000 to B
and only P300,000 to C. It is admitted that under the civil code of California, the domiciliary law of the
decedent shall govern questions involving the validity of testamentary provisions. C, who is contesting
the validity of the disposition in favour of B now contends that the Philippine laws with respect to
succession are applicable. Is this correct? Give your reasons.
A: yes, this is correct. The doctrine of renvoi is applicable in the instant case. Although the civil
code in Article 16 states that the intrinsic validity of testamentary provisions shall be regulated by the
decedents national law, nevertheless, the civil code of the California declares that the decedents
domiciliary law shall govern. Hence, the question shall be referred back to the decedents domicile. In
other words, the laws of the Philippines with respect to succession shall govern. Consequently, in the
partition of the estate, c shall be given a share which must not be less than his legitime (Azner vs.
Garcia, 7SCRA95) (Estate of Christensen)
NB: Renvoi doctrine is not consistent with nationality principles; it is consistent with our law because
we apply our law. We referred to the national law. However the national law referred back to our law.
What if he is citizen of California, not the resident of Philippines but in Malaysia. Irefer natin sa
California but the California refer to the third country, tawag dun transmission theory. Di na cover ng
renvoi doctrine.
Laws; Succession; Intestate & Testamentary (2001)
(1:00:53) SUBJECTS OF SUCCESSION
Who are the subjects?
Q: Whom I considered a superstar in Succession?
A: It is the decedent. Always focus on the decedent because it is his properties which are to be
distributed. Also the relationship will be depending on him.
NB: if the decedent executed a will, by all means called him a testator. Dont call him only a decedent. If
doesnt matter if the will is void. Still call him a testator the fact that there is a will. If he died intestate,
he died without a will. Called him a decedent clearly pag walang will. Pag sinabi ng facts, he died
intestator: then dont call him a testator. Call him decedent. Dun palang alam na ng examiner na di
moa lam ung sinasabi mo. Pero kung may will regarding of the validity, call him a testator.
Even it is void; there may be some effects as to that will.
Example: in the case of (Dela Cerna vs. Potot) the will was probated even if the will is extrinsically void
because the will is a joint will which is executed by a Filipino which is not allowed here in Phil. The
testator validly distributed his property using the void will. The judge releases this degree of probate
and no one question, naging final and executory na ung degree. Kaya lahat bound to such will.
If an illegitimate child is recognized in that will, it will have an effect even if the will is void. Filiation
may be proven because there is a public instrument recognizing the child as an illegitimate child.
Is a decedent a testator? Not necessarily, because he may have died without a will.
But is a testator a decedent? Not necessarily, because a person called a testator if he executed a will.
Natural buhay pa siya ung nagexecute siya ng will. Pag nagpetition of probate siya during his lifetime
tawag sa kanya testator. But if he died with a will, testator parin siya.
Normally ang may gusto sa topic na ito ay hindi ung namatay kundi ung heirs.
As to the heir:
There are two kinds of heirs under the civil code:
1. Heirs in general sense a person is called to the inheritance either by will or by operation of law
whether that person is a compulsory heir, voluntary heir, legal heir, legatee, devisee, and instituted
heir. Heir siya in general sence.
2. Heirs in specific sense a person to whom the aliquot portion or the entire estate is given. In order
words, kung binigay sa kanya is , , of estate or maybe the entire estate ang tawag sa kanya is heir
in specific sense. Good examples are the provision on the institution of heirs.
Legacy- Personal Property
Device Real Property
The compulsory heirs of X, a Filipino, are, except
a. His surviving spouse
b. Illegitimate child
c. His grandchild by a legitimate son
d. Brother
e. Legitimate daughter
Of the ff. who survived X, who will not inherit if X died intestate? Who are not the intestate heir/ legal
heir?
a. His surviving spouse
b. legitimate child
c. His grandchild by a legitimate son who predecease
d. Illegitimate daughter of his son who predecease
e. legitimate daughter
The legal heir of X, a Filipino, are, except
a. The cousin of his grandmother
b. Great grandchild
c. First cousin
d. Brother
e. Child of a sister
The legal heir of X, a Filipino, are, except
a. widow
b. illegitimate child
c. child of the First cousin
d. grandchild of the first cousin
national law of the heir. Hence, whether or not YV can inherit from BM, Jr. is determined by Philippine
law. Under Philippine law, the adopted inherits from the adopter as a legitimate child of the adopter.
YV, however, cannot inherit, in his own right, from the father of the adopter, BM, Sr., because he is not
a legal heir of BM, Sr. The legal fiction of adoption exists only between the adopted and the adopter.
(Teotico v. Del Val 13 SCRA 406 [1965]). Neither may he inherit from BM, Sr. by representing BM, Jr.
because in representation, the representative must be a legal heir not only of the person he is
representing but also of the decedent from whom the represented was supposed to inherit (Article 973,
Civil Code).
Kinds of Heirs
1. Compulsory heir is entitled to a specific portion known as legitime and they cannot be deprived
of such except for a valid disinheritance. This heir will inherit despite a will even the testator
give his property to somebody else, they will inherit as compulsory heir.
a. Primary heir Ex. Legitimate children or descendants or legally adopted or artificial
insemination
b. Secondary heir can inherit only if there is no primary heir Ex. Legitimate parents or
ascendants
c. Concurring heir can inherit even in the presence of the primary or secondary Ex. Spouse
or illegitimate children.
2. Voluntary or testamentary heir- he will inherit because of the will. If there is no will or the will is
void, they cannot inherit.
3. Legal or intestate heir the decedent died without a will or the will is void or despite of a will,
not all the property is disposed of. Ex. In the collateral line within 5th civil degree.
Q: Are legal heirs compulsory heir? Yes, the legal heir is the closest relative of the heirs. As a rule, all
compulsory heirs are in the direct line except the spouse except sa preteration. Also related by blood
expect spouse.
(2011) 65. In the order of intestate succession where the decedent is legitimate, who is the last intestate
heirs or heir who will inherit if all heirs in the higher level are disqualified or unable to inherit?
A. Nephews and nieces.
B. Brothers and sisters.
C. State.
D. Other collateral relatives up to the 5th degree of consanguinity.
(2011)32. The decedent died intestate leaving an estate of P10 million. He left the following heirs: a)
Marlon, a legitimate child and b) Cecilia, the legal spouse. Divide the estate.
A. Marlon gets 1/4 and Cecilia gets 3/4.
B. Marlon gets 2/3 and Cecilia 1/3.
C. Marlon gets 1/2 and Cecilia gets 1/2.
D. Marlon gets 3/4 and Cecilia 1/4
URIBE PART 2 (1:14:30)
Just because a person is a compulsory heir, does not necessarily mean that he will inherit or that he
will succeed. Many reason, wala nya magmana.
As to who may succeed? The law provides that any person as long as they are not disqualified or
prohibited by law. An heir may succeed as long as there is no law disqualifying or incapacitating him
then he may inherit.
2 kind of incapacity:
1. Absolute incapacity because this person cannot inherit from anyone, in whatever incapacity and
thing.
2. Relative incapacity because he is prohibited from inheriting only a person or only for specific item
or only as testamentary heir. Pwede parin siya as compulsory heir. Kaya relative lang ung incapacity.
Who is considered as absolutely incapacitated?
Heirs; Intestate Heirs; Reserva Troncal (1995)
Isidro and Irma, Filipinos, both 18 years of age, were passengers of Flight No. 317 of Oriental Airlines.
The plane they boarded was of Philippine registry. While en route from Manila to Greece some
passengers hijacked the plane, held the chief pilot hostage at the cockpit and ordered him to fly instead
to Libya. During the hijacking Isidro suffered a heart attack and was on the verge of death. Since Irma
was already eight months pregnant by Isidro, she pleaded to the hijackers to allow the assistant pilot to
solemnize her marriage with Isidro. Soon after the marriage, Isidro expired. As the plane landed in
Libya Irma gave birth. However, the baby died a few minutes after complete delivery.
Back in the Philippines Irma Immediately filed a claim for inheritance. The parents of Isidro opposed
her claim contending that the marriage between her and Isidro was void ab initio on the following
grounds: (a) they had not given their consent to the marriage of their son; (b) there was no marriage
license; (c) the solemnizing officer had no authority to perform the marriage; and, (d) the solemnizing
officer did not file an affidavit of marriage with the proper civil registrar.
2. Does Irma have any successional rights at all? Discuss fully.
a. yes, but she only inherit from her child because the child died after birth
b. yes, she will inherit both to isidro and her child
c. no, because the marriage is void
d. no, because the child died a few minutes after a complete delivery
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
2. Irma succeeded to the estate of Isidro as his surviving spouse to the estate of her legitimate child.
When Isidro died, he was succeeded by his surviving wife Irma, and his legitimate unborn child. They
divided the estate equally between them, the child excluding the parents of Isidro. An unborn child is
considered born for all purposes favorable to it provided it is born later. The child was considered
born because, having an intra-uterine life of more than seven months, it lived for a few minutes
after its complete delivery. It was legitimate because it was born within the valid marriage of the
parents. Succession is favorable to it. When the child died, Irma inherited the share of the child.
However, the share of the child in the hands of Irma is subject to reserva troncal for the benefit of the
relatives of the child within the third degree of consanguinity and who belong to the line of Isidro.
ALTERNATIVE ANSWER:
If the marriage is void, Irma has no successional rights with respect to Isidro but she would have
successional rights with respect to the child.
URIBE Part 3
Absolute incapacity- Art 1025 the law requires that for a person to inherit he must be living at the
moment of opening of succession. For the person predecease, that is absolute incapacity.
7 months child- already acquired juridical personality and therefore inherits from his parents.
Q: X who died in 2005, have 5 children A B C D and E who will not inherit from X?
a. A, because he already a citizen of France at the time of the died of X
b. B, because he already a permanent residence of Canada at the time of the died of X
c. C, because he is suffering civil interdiction at the time of the died of X
d. D, because he predecease X
e. E, because he died before the filing of the petition of settlement of the estate of X even he died
after the death of X
f. Above of the above
g. None of the above
Barrier between Illegitimate & Legitimate Relatives; Succesional Rights of an Adopted (2007)
For purpose of this question, assume all formalities and procedural requirements have been complied
with. In 1970, Ramon and Dessa got married. Prior to their marriage, Ramon had a child, Anna. In
1971 and 1972, Ramon and Dessa legally adopted Cherry and Michelle respectively. In 1973, Dessa
died while giving birth to Larry. Anna had a child, Lia. Anna never married. Cherry, on the other hand,
legally adopted Shelly. Larry had twins, Hans and Gretel, with his girlfriend, Fiona. In 2005, Anna,
Larry and Cherry died in a car accident. In 2007, Ramon died. Who may inherit from Ramon and who
may not? Give your reason briefly.
SUGGESTED ANSWER: B. Michelle and Lia if Anna is illegitimate child of Ramon
The following may inherit from Ramon:
1. Michelle, as an adopted child Ramon, will inherit as a legitimate child of Ramon. As an adopted
child, Michelle has all the rights of a legitimate child (Section 18, Domestic Adoption Law).
2. Lia will inherit in representation of Anna. Although Lia is an illegitimate child, she is not barred by
Article 992, because her mother Anna is herself illegitimate. She will present Anna as regards Annas
legitimate under Art. 902, NCC and as regards Annas intestate share under Article 990, NCC.
The following may not inherit from Ramon:
1. Shelly, being an adopted child, cannot represent Cherry. This is because adoption creates a personal
legal relation only between the adopter and the adopted. The law on representation requires the
representative to be a legal heir of the person he is representing and also of the person from whom the
person who being represented was supposed to inherit. While Shelly is a legal heir of Cherry, Shelly is
not a legal heir of Ramon. Adoption created a purely personal legal relation only between Cherry and
Shelly.
2. Hans and Gretel are barred from inheriting from Ramon under Article 992 of the New Civil Code.
Being illegitimate children, they cannot inherit ab intestato from the legitimate relatives of their father
or mother. Since Ramon is a legitimate relative of Larry, the illegitimate twin children of Larry are
barred from inheriting ab intestato from Ramon.
Relative incapacity- there is certain persons who are only considered a relative incapacitated because
they may not able to inherit only from specific person. In fact, they cannot inherit only as testamentary
heir, but they can inherit as compulsory heir or legal heir. Or they may not able to inherit only the
thing was given to him in the will.
Persons who are considered a relative incapacitated are those mentioned in ART 1027 and 1028
basically.
Q: Suppose that the beneficiary in a will is the wife of the minister of the gospel who rendered aid to the
testator during the latters last illness. Would she disqualified from inheriting from the testator?
a. Yes because the law expressly incapacitates the spouse to the minister
b. Yes because even the relative within the 4th degree are incapacitated as long as it was
spiritual aid it was extended. (1022 and 1047)
c. No, because she is not one of those who considered incapacitated by law
d. No, because she cannot be the legal wife of the minister
Q: X died January 15, 2005 survived by his wife, Y and the paramour Z. A, a legitimate child of X died
December 31 2004. Y gave birth to B on December 30, 2005. Z gave to C 5 months after the died of X.
However, C died 5 hours after birth. Who may inherit from X?
c. C may inherit if he has an intra-uterine life of more than seven months.
Q: X died January 15, 2005 survived by his wife, Y and the paramour Z. A, a legitimate child of X died
on December 31 2004. B an illegitimate child of died on March 1, 2005. Y gave birth C on January
2006. Z was 2 months pregnant at the time of the death of X and gave birth to D 4 month after X died.
However D died 21 hours after birth. Who may inherit from X? A: B being illegitimate child.
Q: In the will of X, A parcel of land given to A B C D. A was the priest who heard the confession of the
testator 5 years before his death. B was the guardian of X. C was one of the attesting witnesses to the
execution of the will of X. D was convicted of adultery. Who may inherit from X as a voluntary heir?
A: All of the Above.
Q: A was the priest who heard the confession of the testator during his last illness. In the will of X, a
parcel of the land was given to B. B, may be inherit if he is the
a. First cousin of A
b. Grandson of A
c. Brother of A
d. Father of A
e. All of the above
f. None of the above
None will inherit. ART. 1027 para 2
ART 1032: act of unworthiness (31:00)
Q; X died leaving a last will and testament where stated that he was legally married to W by whom he
had 2 legitimate children A and B which device to his force heir the entire estate except the free portion
which he gave to Y was leaving with him at the time of his death. In the said will, he explain that he
had estranged from his wife W more than 20 years and hes leaving with X was leaving a man and wife
since he separate from his family. In the probate proceeding X asks for issuance of letter of the
testamentary in the accordance of the will when he name as sole executor. This was opposing by W and
her children. Is the said device to X valid? Nde dapat device kundi institution of heir
a. Yes because it did not impair the legitime of the compulsory heir
b. Yes because she leaving as man and wife for more than 20 years
c. No, because the devise impair the legitime of the compulsory heir
d. No, because the prohibition in donation inter vivos where made applicable in
testamentary provision (1028)
Panu kung nagbreak na sila X? pwde nna ba? YES, it must made when they was still guilty of
adulterous relationship.
Q: The husband was granted a degree of separation on the ground of the adultery of the wife. May the
wife inherit to the husband by intestate succession or by will?
a. Yes because the a degree of separation on the ground of the adultery does not incapacitate the
guilty spouse
b. Yes through a will where executed after the degree of separation was promulgated.
c. No because the a degree of separation on the ground of the adultery does absolute incapacitate
the guilty spouse
d. No, she is no longer a legal wife.
Paternity & Filiation; Proofs; Limitations; Adopted Child (1995)
Abraham died intestate on 7 January 1994 survived by his son Braulio. Abraham's older son Carlos
died on 14 February 1990. Danilo who claims to be an adulterous child of Carlos intervenes in the
proceedings for the settlement of the estate of Abraham in representation of Carlos. Danilo was legally
adopted on 17 March 1970 by Carlos with the consent of the " latter's wife.
1. Under the Family Code, how may an illegitimate filiation be proved? Explain.
2. As lawyer for Danilo, do you have to prove Danilo's illegitimate filiation? Explain.
3. Can Danilo inherit from Abraham in representation of his father Carlos? Explain.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
1. Under Art. 172 in relation to Art. 173 andArt. 175 of the FC, the filiation of illegitimate children may
be established in the same way and by the same evidence as legitimate children. Art. 172 provides that
the filiation of legitimate children is established by any of the following: (1) the record of birth appearing
in the civil register or a final Judgment; or (2) an admission of legitimate filiation in a public document
or a private handwritten instrument and signed by the parent concerned. In the absence of the
foregoing evidence, the legitimate filiation shall be proved by: (1) the open and continuous possession of
the status of a legitimate child; or (2) any other means allowed by the Rules of Court and special laws.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
2. No. Since Danilo has already been adopted by Carlos, he ceased to be an illegitimate child. An
adopted child acquires all the rights of a legitimate child under Art, 189 of the FC.
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
3. No, he cannot. Danilo cannot represent Carlos as the latter's adopted child in the inheritance of
Abraham because adoption did not make Danilo a legitimate grandchild of Abraham. Adoption is
personal between Carlos and Danilo. He cannot also represent Carlos as the latter's illegitimate child
because in such case he is barred by Art. 992 of the NCC from inheriting from his illegitimate
grandfather Abraham.
ALTERNATIVE ANSWER:
An adopted child's successional rights do not include the right to represent his deceased adopter in the
inheritance of the latter's legitimate parent, in view of Art. 973 which provide that in order that
representation may take place, the representative must himself be capable of succeeding the decedent.
Adoption by itself did not render Danilo an heir of the adopter's legitimate parent. Neither does his
being a grandchild of Abraham render him an heir of the latter because as an illegitimate child of
Carlos, who was a legitimate child of Abraham, Danilo is incapable of succeeding Abraham under Art.
992 of the Code.
Barrier Between Illegitimate & Legitimate Relatives (1993)
A is the acknowledged natural child of B who died when A was already 22 years old. When B's full
blood brother, C, died he (C) was survived by his widow and four children of his other brother D.
Claiming that he is entitled to inherit from his father's brother C. A brought suit to obtain his share in
the estate of C.
Will his action prosper?
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
No, the action of A will not prosper. On the premise that B, C and D are legitimate brothers, as an
illegitimate child of B, A cannot inherit in intestacy from C who is a legitimate brother of B. Only the
wife of C in her own right and the Legitimate relatives of C (i.e. the children of D as C's legitimate
nephews inheriting as collateral relatives) can inherit in intestacy. (Arts. 992, 1001, 1OO5 and 975,
Civil Code)
ALTERNATIVE ANSWER:
The action of A will not prosper. Being an illegitimate, he is barred by Article 992 of the Civil Code from
inheriting ab intestato from the legitimate relatives of his father.
OBJECT OF SUCCESSION (52:03)
It is the question of what may be transmitted by succession. A: Inheritance (Art 776)
Heir is entitled to the rental payment but not form part of the inheritance but he is already the owner
upon death of the decedent because of art 777.
Q: A filed an action B. however, during the pendency of the case, A died. Can his heir validly claim to B
substituted in that action?
A: It depends on the nature of the action. If the action would pertain to transmissible property rights
and obligation, then they may validly substitute. Because then the action will survive despite of death
of A. The heir will acquired what the decease had. However, if the action is personal in character, (ex.
For the annulment of the marriage) then, it will not prosper. The heir cannot be substituted in that
action. (Bonilla vs Barcena)
OPENING OF SUCCESSION
Intestate Succession (2000)
Eugenio died without issue, leaving several parcels of land in Bataan. He was survived by Antonio, his
legitimate brother; Martina, the only daughter of his predeceased sister Mercedes; and five legitimate
children of Joaquin, another predeceased brother. Shortly after Eugenio's death, Antonio also died,
leaving three legitimate children. Subsequently, Martina, the children of Joaquin and the children of
Antonio executed an extrajudicial settlement of the estate of Eugenio, dividing it among themselves.
The succeeding year, a petition to annul the extrajudicial settlement was filed by Antero, an illegitimate
son of Antonio, who claims he is entitled to share in the estate of Eugenio. The defendants filed a
motion to dismiss on the ground that Antero is barred by Article 992 of the Civil Code from inheriting
from the legitimate brother of his father. How will you resolve the motion? (5%)
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
It depends. If Antero was not acknowledged by Antonio, the motion to dismiss should be granted
because Antero is not a legal heir of Antonio. If Antero was acknowledged, the motion should be denied
because Article 992 is not applicable. This is because Antero is claiming his inheritance from his
illegitimate father, not from Eugenio.
Requisite for the transmission of successional rights
1. express will of the testator or provision of law
2. death of the person whose property is the subject of succession
3. acceptance of the inheritance
Acceptance:
Anu daw ung proper term sa ART 777? The right are transmitted from the moment of the death of the
decedent. Author sabi na dapat vested kasi pag namatay, kelangan pa ng acceptance. Nde daw dapat
transmitted, vested dapat. ATTY Uribe: The code is corrected that the right are transmitted. Because
even if conditional ung testamentary disposition, the effect of happening of the condition retroacts as if
he already acquired at the time of death. Anu effect kung hindi tinanggap ng heir? Somebody will
acquired such property. Ang pinakadulo is ung State. Hindi aayaw ung state.
A person has free disposal to be able to accept. Ex. Person suffer civil interdiction may not validly
accept inheritance bcoz they cannot have free disposal of property.
Death:
2. Suppose Jaime had a life insurance policy with his wife, Julia, and his son, Willy, as the
beneficiaries. Can Wilma successfully claim that one-half of the proceeds should belong to Willy's
estate? (2%)
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
1. No, Wilma cannot successfully claim that Willy had a hereditary share in his father's estate. Under
Art. 43, Civil Code, two persons "who are called to succeed each other" are presumed to have died at
the same time, in the absence of proof as to which of them died first. This presumption of simultaneous
death applies in cases involving the question of succession as between the two who died, who in this
case are mutual heirs, being father and son.
2. Yet, Wilma can invoke the presumption of survivorship and claim that one-half of the proceeds
should belong to Willy's estate, under Sec. 3 (jj) par. 5 Rule 131, Rules of Court, as the dispute does not
involve succession. Under this presumption, the person between the ages of 15 and 60 years is deemed
to have survived one whose age was over 60 at the time of their deaths. The estate of Willy endowed
with juridical personality stands in place and stead of Willy, as beneficiary.
Death; Effects; Simultaneous Death (2009)
Dr. Lopez, a 70-year old widower, and his son Roberto both died in a fire that gutted their home while
they were sleeping in their air-conditioned rooms. Robertos wife, Marilyn, and their two children were
spared because they were in the province at the time. Dr. Lopez left an estate worth P20M and a life
insurance policy in the amount of P1M with his three children --- one of whom is Roberto --- as
beneficiaries. Marilyn is now claiming for herself and her children her husbands share in the estate left
by Dr. Lopez, and her husbands share in the proceeds of Dr. Lopezs life insurance policy. Rule on the
validity of Marilyns claims with reasons. (4%)
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
As to the Estate of Dr. Lopez:
Marilyn is not entitled to a share in the estate of Dr. Lopez. For purposes of succession, Dr. Lopez and
his son Roberto are presumed to have died at the time, there being no evidence to prove otherwise, and
there be no transmission of rights from one to the other (Art. 43, NCC). Hence, Roberto inherited
nothing from his father that Marilyn would in turn inherit from Roberto. The children of Roberto,
however, will succeed their grandfather, Dr. Lopez, in representation of their father Roberto and
together they will receive 1/3 of the estate of Dr. Lopez since their father Roberto was one of the three
children of Dr. Lopez. Marilyn cannot represent her husband Roberto because the right of
representation is not given by law to a surviving spouse.
As to the proceeds of the insurance on the life of Dr. Lopez:
Since succession is not involved as regards the insurance contract, the provision of the Rules of Court
(Rule 131, Sec. 3, (jj) (5)) on survivorship shall apply. Under the Rules, Dr. Lopez, who was 70 years
old, is presumed to have died ahead of Roberto, who is presumably between the ages of 15 and 60.
Having survived the insured, Robertos right as a beneficiary became vested upon the death of Dr.
Lopez. When Roberto died after Dr. Lopez, his right to receive the insurance proceeds became part of
his hereditary estate, which in turn was inherited in equal shares by his legal heirs, namely, his spouse
and children. Therefore, Robertos children and his spouse are entitled to Robertos 1/3 share in the
insurance proceeds.
HOW THEY MAY ACQUIRE?
Wills; Joint Wills (2000)
Manuel, a Filipino, and his American wife Eleanor, executed a Joint Will in Boston, Massachusetts
when they were residing in said city. The law of Massachusetts allows the execution of joint wills.
Shortly thereafter, Eleanor died. Can the said will be probated in the Philippines for the settlement of
her estate? (3%)
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
Yes, the will may be probated in the Philippines insofar as the estate of Eleanor is concerned. While the
Civil Code prohibits the execution of Joint wills here and abroad, such absolute prohibition applies only
to Filipinos. Hence, the joint will which is valid where executed is valid in the Philippines but only with
respect to Eleanor. Under Article 819, it is void with respect to Manuel whose joint will remains void in
the Philippines despite being valid where executed.
URIBE PART4
Special requiment as to blind person
Q: If there is a proposition as to the probate that the grouns that the will was not read to the testator
twice, but the testator was not blind at the time of death. Is it possible none the less that the will will be
denied probate because of the failure to read the will twice to him?
A: Yes the 1st reason is that the requirement that is should be read to him would be relevant if he was
blind not the time of his death but at the time of the execution of the will.
But even he was not blind at the time of the execution of the will, and there is failure to read the will
twice, May it still denied probate?
A: yes, as SC ruled that is also applicable if the testator have very poor eyesight which he cannot read
the disposition of the will. It is also apply if the person is an illiterate and he cannot read what was
written on the document.
CODICIL
Q: if an instrument would only have one provision in the will which is the revocation of a prior will. It
state that So I hereby revoke the will which I executed in 1999 can we consider this instrument as a
codicil?
A: Definitely, no because a codicil by its nature is just a supplement, or addition to a will, with this
instrument in a codicil a will is explain or altered only and not totally revoke.
NB: that a codicil may revoke but the revocation here is only partial or alteration. Thus if it is a total
alteration or revocation, that cannot be a codicil.
Q: e ano tawag natin dun? Hindi rin siya will kasi it did not dispose any property. Simply put it is only
a revocatory instrument.
Q: As far as codicil is concern, for the disposition, alteration and revocation therein to be given effect, is
it required that they comply with the formalities prescribed by law for the execution of the wills?
A: Yes, this codicil must also be probated because the law required that the codicil must be executed as
in the case of a will. (Parang will ung requirement)
Q: But is it required that the witnesses in the will to the execution of the will, be the same witnesses in
the codicil? Kung si A B and C ung witnesses sa will, sila parin ba dapat ang witnesses sa codicil?
A: Obviously No! It is not required because the codicil may be executed 30 years after the execution of
the will. By that time, all the witnesses are alreary died.
INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE/ INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
Q: A document which was executed not in accordance with the formalities prescribed by law, may the
disposition therein be given effect?
A: Yes, the disposition therein may be given effect by incorporation. (REPUBLICATION)
Q: but by incorporation, is it required that in subsequent instrument which we can call a will, all the
disposition must have been copied in the 2nd or subsequent instrument?
A: Not necessarily, it depends on the reason why the will is void. The disposition should all be copied in
subsequent instrument would only applied if the reason why the will is void is because it is void as to
form or it did not complied with the formalities prescribed by law, likes for ex. Walang attestation
clause or 2 lang ung witness etc. But if the reason why the will is void not pertains as to form, the
disposition therein can be given effect by incorporation by reference even without copying this entire
disposition. Ex. Maybe the will was executed when he was only 16 years old, so when he became 18
years old, he executed an instrument and just refer to the prior will as far as disposition is concerned
and that would be a valid disposition and can be given effect.
(12:13) JURISDICTIONAL REQUIREMENT
Before the court may go in to the matters that a probate court should inquire to. The court must be
satisfied of the question of whether the will had been revoke or not. Because if the will has already been
revoke, then nothing is there to be probate.