UNIVERSIDAD DE ZAMBOANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

TOURISM, HOTEL AND RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT

TOUR GUIDE MANUAL

RHODORA R. PUASO
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PERSONAL DATA

Name: Rhodora R. Puaso Nickname: Dhang Age: 28 years old Address: Sampaloc Drive
San Roque, Zamboanga City Contact Number: 639065045557 License Number:
____________ Driver’s License Number: ____________ SSS Number: 33-7730590-1

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Health Certificate Number: ____________ Date Issued: ____________

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ITINERARY Time: __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
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ITINERARY Time: __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
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ITINERARY Time: __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
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ITINERARY Time: __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
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ITINERARY Time: __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
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NOTES _________________________________________
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TOUR MANUAL

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LOCAL TOUR ZAMBOANGA CITY

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Zamboanga City
The City of Zamboanga (Chavacano/Spanish: Ciudad de Zamboanga) is a highly-
urbanized city located on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It is one of
the first chartered city, 6th most populated city and the 3rd largest city in the
country in terms of land area. Zamboanga City is also one of several cities in the
Philippines that are independent of any province. The word Zamboanga is an
evolution of the original Subanon word - Bahasa Sug jambangan, which means garden.
Philippine Commonwealth Act No. 39 of 1936 signed by President Manuel L. Quezon on
October 12, 1936 in Malacañang Palace created and established Zamboanga as a
chartered city. It has been known variously as "El Orgullo de Mindanao" (The Pride
of Mindanao), nicknamed the "City of Flowers," and affectionately called by
Zamboangueños as "Zamboanga Hermosa" - Chavacano/Spanish for "Beautiful
Zamboanga." Today, the city is commercially branded for tourism by the city
government as "Asia's Latin City," a clear reference to Zamboanga's identification
with the Hispanized cultures of "Latin America" or the USA's "Latino" subculture.
the City was formerly a part of the Commonwealth Era Moro Province of Mindanao.
Its ancient inhabitants were vassals of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo.
Zamboanga is home of the four major universities: Ateneo de Zamboanga University,
Western Mindanao State University, Universidad de Zamboanga and the proposed UP-
Zamboanga the second UP campus in Mindanao Island. The city contains the first
Catholic diocese in Mindanao, today's Archdiocese of Zamboanga which was created
in 1910 and elevated to an archbishopric in 1958. History The early Malay settlers
called the region “Jambangan”, which means Land of the Flowers. These Malays who
built their settlements by the river banks were the Subanons, that is the “People
of the River”. Their chief, Saragan, lived with his family atop the legendary
Mount Pulumbato that today lords over Pasonanca and Climaco Freedom Park

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(formerly Abong-Abong Park) then later on, the Samals and the Badjaos who came on
their frail vintas also settled here, building their huts along the shorelines and
confused “Jambangan” with “Samboangan” which comes from the word “Sabuan”, the
wooden pole used to help push their vintas in shallow waters or to tie them for
anchorage purposes. The Spanish colonizers found difficulty in pronouncing
“Samboangan” and instead called the place “Zamboanga”. The city has rich and
colorful history. It was the center of barter trading among Chinese, Malays and
the native Tausugs, Samals, Subanons, and the Badjaos as early as the 13th and
14th centuries. It was in 1569 when the Spaniards made their presence felt with a
small Catholic Mission established briefly at La Caldera, now known as Recodo. The
city's patron saint is La Nuestra Senora del Pilar de Zaragoza Our Lady of the
Pillar of Zaragoza, Spain. A statue honoring the saint is prominently embossed
above the façade on the eastern wall of Fort Pilar. Much later on June 23, 1635,
the cornerstone of what is now known as Fort Pilar was laid by Father Melchor de
Vera, a Jesuit Priest-Engineer and the Spanish authorities. This date marked the
change of the name of the place from Samboangan to Zamboanga. It is the city’s
founding date. The meter-thick walled fort is officially called El Real Fuerza de
Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza (also called El Real Fuerza de San José in
its early days). In 1899, after the Spanish-American War in the Philippines, the
United States of America defeated the forces of the revolutionary government of
the Republic of Zamboanga under popular President and Gen. Vicente Alvarez y Solis
thereby establishing full authority in Zamboanga. The U.S. military then appointed
Alvarez's political opponent and U.S. friendly, Isidor Midel, to finish the
Presidential term of Alvarez. In March 1901, a municipal election was held with
the help of the U.S. administration, wherein Mariano Arquiza was elected President
of the new republic for two years ending in 1903. Then after, the Moro Province
was established in Mindanao and Sulu, and the original ancient Zamboanga was made
its capital. The first U.S. form of

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military government was the Moro Province and during the 12 years of its
existence, the American Military Government converted the original Zamboanga into
a city in the Commission Form, the first U.S.-created province in Mindanao to
become/revert to a city. Zamboanga was already a major city of government and
military importance under the Spanish Administration. However, the U.S. military
government of the Moro Province was abolished to give way to a new form of U.S.
military/quasi local civilian government, called the Department of Mindanao and
Sulu. This form of government entrusted to the Filipino residents of Zamboanga
practically all positions in government. The Commonwealth of the Philippines in
1937 declared Zamboanga as a Charter City. Progress and development in Zamboanga
continued and in 1983, the Minister Interior Jose Roño proclaimed Zamboanga City
as a highly urbanized city. Geography Location The City of Zamboanga is located at
the southernmost tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula. It is approximately 460 nautical
miles south of Manila, 365 nautical miles northeast of Kota Kinabalu Malaysia, 345
nautical miles northeast of Menado (Indonesia), bounded to the west by Sulu Sea,
on the east by the Moro Gulf, on the south by the Basilan Strait and Celebes Sea
and on the north Zamboanga Del Norte and Zamboanga Sibugay. Its distance from Cebu
City is about 372.57 nautical miles, and is 340.17 nautical miles from Davao City.
The city is situated in Mindanao, the second giant of the archipelago of all the
land mass of the Philippines. The city is situated at the southernmost tip of the
Zamboanga Peninsula, in the island of Mindanao, Philippines. It is approximately
within the 1210 53’ 50’’ and 1220 23’ 25’’ east longitude and 60 53’ 50’’ and 70
29’ 20’’ North. The city commands the sea lanes of southwestern Philippines, and
is the nearest major urban center to the ASEAN neighbors: Malaysia, Brunei,
Sarawak and Singapore; and through them, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and
southern China.

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Component Islands The main land territory of Zamboanga City, which encompasses
1,681 kilometers ( 645 square mile ), there are (officially) 11 islands that are
part of its principality. The most popular of these islands is the Great Santa
Cruz Island, Its tantalizingly beautiful scenery encompasses the rare "pink sand"
( a coloration effect of white sand mixed with red coral sand). almost 20- 30
minutes while riding a boat from the city to the Great Sta. Cruz Island. The 11
islands come under the city's jurisdiction. The biggest islands is the Sacol
(about 12 km. long and 8 km. wide). Three of these islands (Vitali, Malanipa, and
Sacol) are inhabited mostly by fishing residents and have their own barangays. The
others are frequented only by fishermen and scuba divers. Eleven of these islands
on the Moro Gulf coast form a cluster known as the Eleven Islands, the largest
being Cabugan Island (approx. 11 hectares). Climate Zamboanga City enjoys a
location free from the typhoon belt area. March to May is hot and dry, with
temperature at 22 degrees Celsius. June to October is rainy. November to February
is cool, with temperatures ranging from 22 degrees Celsius to 28 degrees Celsius.
Average humidity year-round is 77%. According to the local PAGASA the highest
temperature recorded in the city was 38.7°C recorded on August 15, 1999 and the
lowest is 15.6°C on February 27, 1965 respectively. Demographics Population In
2007, the Census of Population and Housing of the government's National Statistics
Office recorded the city population of 774,407 people with an annual growth rate
of 3.56 percent. Compared to the national population, Zamboanga City's 774,407 is
only 0.8 percent of the total Philippine population of 88.7 million people.
Zamboanga City has 99 barangays

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Religion The most dominant religion is Christianity with 75%-85% adhering to the
faith. The majority of which are Roman Catholics. The remaining percentage belongs
to other non-Christian faiths (Islam, Buddhism, etc). Muslim immigrants or
visitors from the islands south of the Zamboanga Peninsula (Sulu, Tawi-Tawi,
Basilan) compose much of the Muslim population in the city. The Archdiocese of
Zamboanga (Latin name: Archdiocesis Zamboangensis) is a Catholic archdiocese
located within the Philippine Islands. Its present jurisdiction takes in mainland
Zamboanga City, with suffragans in Basilan (Prelature of Isabela, Basilan), Sulu
Archipelago (Apostolic Vicariate of Jolo) and Zamboanga Sibugay (Prelature of
Ipil). Established in 1910 as Mindanao's first diocese, Zamboanga is elevated into
the second archdiocese in Mindanao in 1958. The archdiocese today covers a land
area of 1,648 square kilometers and a population of 442,345 of which 81 per cent
are Catholics. The area covers 26 parishes, served by 49 diocesan and 18 religious
priests. There are also 51 religious sisters working in related activities in the
archdiocese Language The most common languages and dialects in the city are
Zamboangueño, Cebuano, Filipino, English, Fookien (a Chinese dialect) and
Tausug.The people of Zamboanga speak a Creole language called Chavacano - a
Spanish-based creole language with Philippines' Malayo-Polynesian languages as its
substrate language. The contemporary version of this colloquial patois language is
strongly English as well.

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Government Since its consolidation in 1983, Zamboanga City has been a Charted City
with a "strong" mayor-council form of government. The government of the City is
more centralized than that of most other Philippines cities: the central
government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions,
libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply and
welfare services. The mayor and councilors are elected to four-year terms. The
City received its own representation for the Philippine Congress beginning in
1984. The former lone congressional district is divided into two separate
districts: the West District (I) from the City Proper to Labuan, and the East
District from Tetuan to Limpapa(II). The government is composed of a mayor, vice
mayor, two district representatives, and eight councilors in each district. The
mayor and councilors are limited to two four-year terms. The city of Zamboanga is
now proposing the new third legislative district. One of the advantages in having
a third legislative district in the City of Zamboanga is additional representation
in Congress, which will be proportional to the number of its current population
base on the year 2007 Philippine Census. The creation of an additional legislative
district will be consistent with the constitutional mandate of proportional
representation. The additional representation will also result in the additional
allocation of Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) which makes possible the
implementation, in every congressional district, of small-scale but significant
projects which can not be part of large-scale projects of national agencies.[11]
Transportation Land Transportation and Government Projects The common mode of
transportation in Zamboanga is by a Jeepney or a Tricycle; taxi service in the
city is not well-established, although there are some independent taxis. There are
two types of city buses: the green bus and the blue bus. A new bus terminal was
planned for construction

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at the MCLL highway between Divisoria-Boalan area and is seen to be one of the
most modern bus terminals in Mindanao when completed. The City is connected
through other provinces in Zamboanga Peninsula and the whole island of Mindanao by
the Maria Clara L. Lobregat Highway. International Seaport The Port of Zamboanga,
Zamboanga, Philippines, is located on the island of Mindanao, in one of the
fastest growing zones in Mindanao, Zamboanga. The Port of Zamboanga consists of a
number of ports, all contained by the Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone
Authority (Zamboecozone), otherwise known by its corporate name as the Zamboanga
Freeport Authority (ZFA).[12] Zamboanga City has 19 seaports and wharves, twelve
of which are privately-owned. The biggest and most modern is the government-
operated main port which can accommodate 20 ships at any given time. There are 25
shipping lines whose vessels regularly call at the port of Zamboanga. A new
international seaport will be open soon outside the city proper that can
accommodate international ships and vessels. This port will be established at the
Zamboecozone, which is under construction, it will be the one of the Biggest and
Modern Private Sea Terminal in Mindanao even in the Philippines. Zamboanga City
has also fastcraft services to Sandakan, Malaysia. One Shipping Cargo Company from
Vietnam is also serving the route's from and to Zamboanga. The busy Port of
Zamboanga handles inter-island and international fast ferries, and also occasional
international cruise ships. In 2002, the Port of Zamboanga, inclusive of all area
ports and Basilan, was ranked #1 in the entire Philippines and registered an
astounding 5.57 million passengers, surpassing #2 Batangas by 1.3 million
passengers, and #5 Manila by over 1.59 million passengers.[13] International
Airport The local airport has been upgraded and has since been called the
Zamboanga International Airport. It will be named after the late Mayor of
Zamboanga city as Maria Clara L. Lobregat International Airport in 2008. Its
2,610-meter primary runway can serve international flights.

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The government has earmarked more than 240 million pesos for 2008 to completely
rehabilitate the existing facilities, including the air navigation equipment but
the project has not started yet.[14] Plans call for a 3,440 meter long runway. It
would be bigger airport and a modern terminal building with Six jet bridges. This
planned airport is to be built within the City's east coast barangays Talabaan,
Mercedes and Taluksangay. Upon completion, it will be Mindanao's largest
Airport.The construction period is three years and the company plans to operate
the airport for 15 years after the completion. Future of Zamboanga's
Transportation • New International Airport

The construction of the New Zamboanga International Airport is all set. The report
given out in mid-2008 contradicts the report that a national news website showed
in October. The site of the New Airport would be in Brgys. Mercedes, Talabaan and
Taluksangay. The DOTC of the Philippines alloted 15 million Pesos for the study
and preparations for this project. In November 2008, Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Consultants as well as engineers from Davao City conducted an ocular inspection on
an area of more than 100 hectares of idle land in the east coast of the city. This
location is being eyed as the site of the new airport. Integrated Bus Terminal A
Design and Construction Build of an Integrated Bus Terminal (IBT) project located
at Maria Clara L. Lobregat Highway, Brgy. Divisoria, Zamboanga City, to include
the construction of the departure and arrival stations with architectural design
that is modern and contemporary with a touch of Philippine Architecture of the
SpanishAmerican era in Zamboanga City, road network, drainage system, complete
utilities and amenities, perimeter fence, frontage, expansion of the highway as
well as a pedestrian over pass.

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Economy and Industry The Zamboanga economy is largely agricultural and
aquaculturalbased. Agriculture and fishing provide activity and income to 70
percent of the population in whole Mindanao even in the Philippines. Zamboanga is
the Center of Trade, Business and Industry in Zamboanga Peninsula Region and even
the island of mindanao.It is the seat of the Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone
Authority (popularly known as Zamboecozone). Infrastructure It is believed that
Zamboanga City's power surplus is set to grow. A Napocor contractor is currently
building a power plant in the east coast that will produce 100 megawatts of
electricity. City water is clean and sweet, and its supply is adequate. In 1994
only 48% of the total water production was consumed; in 1995 only 58%. The
Zamboanga City Water District is expanding its reservoir and distribution system
to meet the growing industrial demand for water. Zamboanga City is also the
communications center of Western Mindanao. Local communications services include
conventional and cellular telephone systems with direct distance dialing, paging
services, telegraph and facsimile services, and the Internet. Banks More than 58
Banks are now serving the city and 2 more banks are going to rise in zamboanga
soon by the year 2009. Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone Authority The
Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone Authority (Zamboecozone), otherwise known by
its corporate name as Zamboanga Freeport Authority (ZFA), was created by virtue of
the Republic Acts of the Philippines 7903 of the Philippines, authored by then
Congresswoman and late mayor of the city of Zamboanga, Maria Clara L. Lobregat.

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The special economic zone was enacted into law on February 23, 1995 and made
operational a year later with the appointment of a Chairman and Administrator and
the members of the Board by former President Fidel V. Ramos. It is located about
20 km. from Zamboanga City. The Zamboanga Freeport Authority is managed as a
separate customs territory and offers incentives for would-be investors like tax
free importation of goods, and other tax incentives. Recognizing the vital role of
promotions in attracting viable investments to the zone, an intensified
promotional blitz was developed to make ZamboEcozone an investment haven in
Southern Philippines.Creating awareness to the various business opportunities
offered at the ZamboEcozone was one of the Authority’s marketing priorities for
the year, thus a promotional blitz was established.[15] Shopping Centers and Malls
As the center of commerce in Western Mindanao, Zamboanga is home to five shopping
malls and numerous department stores, supermarkets and retail stores. Mindpro
Citimall (opened in 1996, the second mall in the city *Alta mall being the first
one which is currently closed already), Southway Square (opened in 2007) and
Shoppers' Center, Zamboanga's newest mall are three of the major malls located in
the city proper. Yubenco Star Mall, located in Barangay Putik, Zamboanga City, is
a shopping complex. Other shopping arcades in the city are LimTown Center (at La
Purisima St.) and Midtown Plaza Mall (at Nuñez Extension). Moreover, a new 10-
storey mall with hotel is underconstruction. Upon completion, it would be the
tallest commercial building in Asia's Latin City and probably the tallest mall in
the country. Shoppers' Mall, managed by Huylian Development Corporation, has been
two years under construction, and the expected opening of this mall will be within
four years time. Gaisano Group of Companies, Landco Pacific Corporation, SM Prime
Holdings and Robinsosns Land Corporation are likewise slated to be built in the
city. as of 2009 Gaisano Group and Landco Pacific

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Corporation were express their interest to expand and invest their business in the
city as soon as possible, the Pacific Mall and the Gaisano Mall.

Seaweeds Industry The major species of seaweed grown and harvested in Zamboanga
city is the Eucheuma Cottonii seaweed because of its numerous uses; it can be
farmed commercially almost anywhere in the city’s coastal areas. Eucheuma seaweed
has been commercially introduced in various method of propagation, after extensive
experimentation. It was disclosed that eucheuma seaweeds grow faster on reefs than
other areas which prove that seaweed farming is viable in this city. When the
study of Eucheuma seaweeds propagation was initiated, its technical advancement
was transferred to the private sectors, thus making the seaweed industry one of
the leading ventures in the country today. [16] Canneries Industry Zamboanga is
noted for sardine exports to the Philippine market. The sardines are also exported
to the United States, Europe, Middle East, and the Far East. There are canning
factories located in the west coast of Zamboanga producing popular sardine brands.
Sardine fishing and processing account for about 70 percent of the city's economy
or P3 billion, according to press reports. Situated at the western tip of the
Mindanao mainland, Zamboanga City is a natural docking point for vessels
traversing the rich fishing grounds of Zamboanga peninsula and Sulu archipelago.
The city’s eight canneries, which employ around 15,000 workers, process 1,000 tons
of sardines daily.[17]

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Education The formal education in the Zamboanga City is patterned after the
American system, with English as the medium of instruction. Schools are classified
into public (government) or private (non-government). The general pattern of
formal education follows five stages: • • • • • Pre-primary level - nursery and
kindergarten offered in most private schools; Primary level - six years of basic
education; Secondary level - four years of high school education; College level -
usually takes four, sometimes five and in some cases as in medical and law
schools, as long as eight years; and, Graduate level - additional two or more
years of schooling.

Universities and Colleges One of the most historic cities in the Philippines,
Zamboanga plays host to numerous first-rate colleges and universities. These
educational institutions attract many students in the province, as well as from
the other parts of the country. Many people love these schools because they offer
high quality education and affordable tuition fees, particularly to all the
skilled, competent, and responsible students out there. Because of their intensive
research programs and globally recognized curriculums, even foreign students show
great interest in studying in these wonderful educational institutions. The city
of Zamboanga has a several prestigious private schools in Southern and Western
Mindanao. Most of these private schools or institutions are administrated by
Catholic and Jesuit schools. Private Schools The first private school in Zamboanga
City is Pilar College was founded in 1894 as a Cartilla School by the Beaterio
Sisters who

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evacuated from Tamontaca, Cotabato. One of the two sisters who started the
Cartilla School in 1894 was Mother Ma. Antera Cruz, RVM. The Ateneo de Zamboanga
University (AdZU), founded in 1912, and became the latest Jesuit-run school to
become a university in 2001. The Ateneo de Zamboanga University . It is also known
by the acronym AdZU . Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1912, it is the second
oldest Jesuit school in the Philippines. It initially catered to primary and
secondary education for boys. It became a college in 1952, and a university in
August 2001. The Ateneo de Zamboanga began in 1912 as Escuela Catolica, a
parochial school run by Spanish Jesuits at the old site of the Immaculate
Conception Church, right across the Sunken Garden. Fr. Manuel Sauras, S.J. was the
first director.It operates two campuses. The main campus in La Purisima Street
houses the Colleges and the Grade School, while the newly constructed campus,
outside Zamboanga City proper holds the High School. Several facilities in the new
campus will be constructed in the future such as transfer of the Grade School, an
auditorium, an amphitheater, a chapel (the current chapel is housed inside the
High Building) and newer sports facilities.
[18]

Universidad de Zamboanga(UZ) is a private university in Zamboanga City,

Philippines, founded on October 12, 1948 by Arturo Eustaquio, Sr. It was formerly
known as Zamboanga A.E. Colleges until it was changed to Universidad de Zamboanga
in 2005, the year it was granted university status. UZ holds 25% of all college
enrolment in region 9 Western Mindanao. It has 8 campuses spread out in an area of
more than 130 hectares in and outside of the city. These campuses include the Main
Campus in barangay Tetuan, City Campus, Cabatangan Campus, Pasonanca Campus,
Veterans Campus, San Jose Campus, Canelar Campus and the Ipil Campus in Ipil,
Zamboanga Sibugay. UZ has 2 Highschools namely Arturo Eustaquio Memorial Science
Highschool and the UZ Technical Highschool.[19] Public Schools The Western
Mindanao State University (formerly Zamboanga Normal College founded 1904) is the
first to be granted as a university in 1978. It is the only state university in
the city. Its campus is located in

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Baliwasan and is offering college and vocational programs. The university is
believed to be the oldest school in Mindanao. WMSU already brought numerous
achievements in the academic field, it is the Center of Excellence in Teacher
Education, Center of Development in Architecture, Best School in Social Work, Best
School in Forestry and Number 1 in the Criminology Board Examinations.[20] Senate
Bill No. 2662, A Bill to create new University of The Philippines Campus in
Zamboanga City mandated by Senator. Rodolfo Biazon, to serve the whole Zamboanga
Peninsula Region and ARMM Region. if this will be approved, UP-Zamboanga will be
the second UP campus in Mindanao after UP-Mindanao in Davao City.

Foreign Relations
The City of Zamboanga jurisdictions often partner with foreign cities through
Sister Cities International, an organization whose goal is to “promote peace
through mutual respect, understanding, and cooperation.” Sister cities interact
with each other across a broad range of activities, from health care and education
to business, culture and arts. Zamboanga City is a member of BIMP-EAGA which
stands for Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area. BIMP-EAGA
is an agreement among the four Southeast Asian neighbor countries for economic
cooperation. It has put Zamboanga City in touch with towns in Malaysia and
Indonesia. As a result of contacts arising from BIMP-EAGA, an air and sea route
has been opened between Zamboanga City and Sandakan in Malaysia. Sandakan and
Zamboanga seen as sisters states or twin city have always managed to work well
together. The strong relationship between Sandakan and Zamboanga has existed for
many generations. As immediate neighbors, these two regions have a long history of
interactions not only through trade relations but also through culture and social
interactions. BIMP-EAGA which was formed in 1994

34
merely served to further strengthen the existing economic and social ties between
these two regions formally. Hospitals and Health Centers The city is also home to
medical centers and hospitals. These provide quality health care service for
Zamboanguenos. Brent Hospital and Colleges, Inc. (Located at R.T.Lim Boulevard)
was founded on February 2, 1914 by Charles Henry Brent, the first Protestant
Episcopal missionary bishop in the Philippines. It also runs a school within the
extensive Hospital Compound, offering nursing and allied health courses. Zamboanga
City Medical Center is the largest medical facility in Region 9 in terms of bed
capacity. The hospital was founded in 1918 as the Zamboanga General Hospital.
ZCMC, better known simply as "General", is located in the corner of Veterans
Avenue-Fort Pilar road. Zamboanga Doctors' Hospital, Veterans Avenue, is the first
privately owned hospital established in 1964. Ciudad Medical Zamboanga, one of the
most equipped and advance medical centers in Zamboanga, is a five-storey medical
complex located at Nunez Avenue. It was formerly known as Zamboanga Polymedic
Hospital. Simply called by locals as "Ciudad" is one of the newest hospitals in
this city. Located at Maria Clara Lobregat Highway, formerly known as Nuñez
Extension. Western Mindanao Medical Center, located at Veterans Avenue Extension,
was established in 1990, with state-of-the-art facilities and newly reconstructed
building. It is located near Tumaga. Universidad de Zamboanga Community Medical
Center (formerly the Zamboanga Arturo Eustaquio Colleges Memorial Medical Center)
along San Jose Road, is a university-owned hospital equipped with advanced medical
facilities and has a 24-hour pharmacy located inside the Medical complex.

35
Other specialized hospitals are: Zamboanga Children's Hospital (a special hospital
for pediatrics, located at Pilar Street); Salvador A. Cabato Memorial Hospital
(located at Tetuan Highway); Edwin Andrews Air Base Hospital (located within the
vicinity of Edwin Andrews Air Base, the sole command of the Philippine Air Force
in Mindanao); Camp Navarro General Hospital (located inside Camp Navarro, the
Headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines' Western Mindanao Command);
Zamboanga Puericulture Lying-in Maternity Hospital (located at Pura Brillantes
Street); and the Mindanao Central Sanitarium (located at Pasabolong). Parks and
Landmarks The Philippine Department of Tourism has selected Zamboanga City to
highlight as a tourist destination to be promoted nationally and internationally.
[24] Tourism to the Zamboanga Peninsula has trended upward in recent years.
Domestic and foreign tourist arrivals increased 8 percent to 439,160 in 2005,
according to data from the regional tourism office.The same report notes that
Filipinos accounted for 80 percent of the tourist arrivals. Moreover, 50 percent
of those tourists visited Zamboanga City.[25] • Fort Pilar - Founded in 1635 as a
garrison during the Spanish period, the Fort Pilar serves as a present day open-
air shrine. Originally named as La Fuerza Real de San Jose, the fort is named
after and dedicated to Our Lady of the Pillar, the patroness of the Archdiocese of
Zamboanga. It image is embossed at the altar (which was then an entrance of the
fort). Fort Pilar also houses a National Museum branch inside the fort. One can
appreciate the glorious past of Zamboanga as a Spanish City in the Orient Skies
here in the museum. It also has record of inhabitants and antique items of the
early time. It also exhibits paintings, natural marine life and cultural
memorabilia. Pettit Barracks site that US forces under Gen. C. Bates occupied
after the capture of the city on November 15, 1899. It was named Pettit Barracks
after Col. James S. Pettit, 31st Infantry, US Volunteer Commanding Officer of the
Second

36
Military District. He was later promoted to General, became the Inspector-General
and later, the in-Charge of Civil Affairs of Zamboanga, Inspector-General's
Department, US and Philippine Infantry. Occupied by Japanese forces in 19421945,
the barracks were recaptured by United States and Philippine Commonwealth
liberation forces on March 10, 1945, and turned over to the Philippines on July 4,
1946.[26] • Pasonanca Park - Traversed by a gently rippling stream, this park is
the only one of its kind in the country. It abounds with trees, flowering plants,
ferns, shrubs and 600 different species of orchids. Mindanao Governor John J.
Pershing started the construction of Pasonanca Park in 1912. He sent for a
parksman in the United States, once named Thomas Hanley, to prepare the plan and
direct its execution. The park was completed under the administration of Governor
Frank W. Carpenter. There is a treehouse nestling high in the branches of one big
tree where guests could pass the night and hold communion with nature which, in
the darkness, could still be perceived in the gentle rustling of the pine trees.
Permission to use the treehouse, which is for free, can be obtained at the Office
of the Mayor. Modern Metropolitan Cathedral of Immaculate Concepcion - Founded in
1810 as a parish located at the present day Universidad de Zamboanga campus, the
Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga (created in
1910 as diocese and elevated in 1958 as an archdiocese). It is known as one of the
most modern cathedrals in Mindanao, built in 1998-2001. The cathedral is located
at La Purisima St. The cathedral's structure is cruciform, resembling a cross and
its facade is patterned after a candle (which is connected to the Blessed Virgin
Mary). The main church is located at the second floor, with stained glass
portraying the life of Mary and Asian saints as well as the history of Mindanao's
dioceses starting from 1910. At the lower level are the columbarium, the day
chapel, the adoration chapel at the left wing, the conference hall at the right
wing, and the baptistery fronting the day chapel. [27]

37
•

Zamboanga City Hall - The construction of this building started in 1905 and was
completed in 1907 by the Federal Government of the United States for the then
American Governors of the area which included: Leonard 0. Wood, Tasker H. Bliss,
Ralph W. Hoyt, and Gen. John Pershing of World War I fame. Today, this serves as
the City Hall of Zamboanga City where the Mayor holds office. Plaza Pershing -
Plaza Pershing was established in Zamboanga City, Philippines to honor John Joseph
"Black Jack" Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) with his victory over
Muslim insurgents. Cawa-Cawa Boulevard - You can visit the place early in the
morning for brisk walking/jogging or in the afternoon for its famed sunset view.
You can also spend some time at night eating Balut (a fertilized duck embryo that
is boiled and eaten with vinegar and salt). Yakan Weaving Center - Host to the
only Yakan commmunity in the City, the center is located just across the famed La
Vista de Mar beach resort at the border of Barangay Upper Calarian and Sinunuc and
along the National Highway. You can witness the local people weaving intricately
handwoven clothes on giant looms as well as traditional brasswares. Zamboanga Golf
and Country Club - Known to be the "oldest Golf Course" in the Philippines. It was
established during the American Occupation and is overlooking the Basilan Strait.
It also is host to a public swimming resort managed by the Philippine Tourism
Authority. There were talks that a Korean Company will be building a 5 star hotel
in the area. It was once used as a landing strip.[28] St. Ignatius of Loyola
Parish Church, Tetuan - Records shows that at the start, there was a small chapel
constructed on a lot. Owned by Don Balbino Natividad, a permanent resident of
Tetuan. (The Natividad is one of the biggest clans in the Parish spread throughout
the city up to the hinterlands and

38
reputed to be large property owners. Members held various positions in the
government and parishes. At least one became a Jesuit priest). In January of 1863,
apparently having reached the required number of Catholic would be parishioners
and with the availability of the would-be parish priest, the St. Ignatius of
Loyola Parish was created with a Jesuit, Rev. Fr. Ramon Barua, SJ as its first
Parish Priest. • Serenity Falls - Zamboanga City's Serenity Falls bounded between
La Paz and Pamucutan, at the foot of the EcoZone's south entrance. Sta. Cruz
Island - The Great Santa Cruz island is known for its pink sand beach and sand
bar, while the Little sta. cruz island is a typical white beach, with pulverized-
like sand. It is also a diving site and is host to a lagoon, a muslim burial site
and a badjao/samal community. Old Normal School Building - Also known as the
Western Mindanao State University (WMSU) Social Hall, the building was built
during the American Era and was the center of education for most of Mindanao.
Presently, this houses The College of Education of WMSU and is also the site where
most cultural presentations are held. It also houses a Museum. Taluksangay Mosque
- The famous Mosque in Barangay Taluksangay is considered as one of Zamboanga’s
tourist spots. The inhabitants of Taluksangay, from past to present are 100%
Muslims. They are the descendants of the Sama Banguingui who were branded by
history as pirates of Southeast Asia, but never conquered. This colorful mosque is
located in the barrio of Taluksangay outside the city center. Paseo del Mar na
Zamboanga, a seafront parkway located adjacent to the walls of Fort Pilar. The
Paseo encompasses 2.5 hectares in what was a former slum, which required
relocating 300 families.[29] The walkway faces scenic Basilan Strait.

39
Culture Zamboanga City is home to a diverse culture. It is a melting pot of
different kinds of people. It boasts a long and worth-knowing history. These
diversity and duration are just two of the many reasons behind the City's numerous
colorful and solemn festivities. These festivals dates are generally non-working
holidays. A few of the major celebrations in the city are listed with some bits of
must-know facts. Cutural Arts and Music Zamboanga City's Art history spans a
period of over 500 years, with heavy influence coming from the Malay and Spanish
culture early on, and the West more recently. Countless, and quite priceless,
artifacts dating back to over a thousand years have been excavated in the early
1900s by American archaeologists during their occupation of the Philippines in the
vicinities of Zamboanga and Mindanao. Many of these artifacts are currently housed
in "vaults" of some major U.S. universities, inaccessible to the general public.
The gong is a percussion instrument found in music throughout Southeast Asia. In
Mindanao, the second largest island in the Philippines, and Zamboanga City
particularly, the gong is used in many folk dance routines reflecting the
international flavor of its ancestry. When played, it is suspended from the rim
and struck on the center piece, called a "boss," with a wooden beater that has a
cork head. Changes in pitch are achieved by shaving down either the boss or the
rim of the instrument.[30] Media Zamboanga City is a center of communication, for
television, advertising, music, newspaper and book publishing industries and is
also the largest media market in Western Mindanao. Some of the city's daily
newspapers conglomerates include the Mindanao Examiner Productions, Zamboanga
Times, Zamboanga Today are based in the city. And the City of Zamboanga operates a
Private Regional public broadcast service, like the ABS-CBN Network, GMA Network,
TV5,

40
RPN Zamboanga, and GPBI-TV11, this media conglomerates that serve the Western
Mindanao specially the City of Zamboanga. And many cable channels are being served
the City. Zamboanga cuisine is like its exotic Chavacano: basically Spanish with
an admixture of local tongues, thus endowing it with a delectable gastronomical
flavor that provides a rich cultural experience as well. This was especially true
in the old days when Castilian influence rubbed off quite thickly on the people of
that little Spanish town, now revered in prose as "un glorioso pedaza del corazon
de Castilla" (a glorious pice of the heart of Spain). Most Zamboanga dishes are
Spanish in origin. Others, like bagon de gata, tamales, and those with heavy
dependence on gata (coconut cream/milk) are distinctly indigenous. Yet, even the
most native of local foods, namely the sinigang, Spanish influence is evident in
the use of herbal spices, such as tanglad (lemon grass), and bambawing (a "weed"
which seems to be peculiar to Zamboanga, and looks and smells like a "wild" member
of the basil family). Olive oil is often used for some fish preparations.[31][32]
Entertainment and Recreation The city of Zamboanga is also one of the cities in
the Philippines that cater Entertainment and Recreation area in the Philippines,
Zamboanga City comprises a wide range of establishments that operate facilities or
provide services to meet varied cultural, entertainment, and recreational
interests of their patrons. This area comprises: Tourism Tourism is a big deal to
boom the investment in the City. The Zamboanga City is considered by some as the
most romantic place in the Philippines and a favourite hotels and resorts amongst
tourists. The city is noted for its seashells, unspoiled tropical scenery and
magnificent flowers. The city has a number of hotels, cars for hire, good public
transport and vintas (small boats), often with colourful sails, available to take
visitors round the city bay. The flea market sells Muslim pottery, clothes and
brassware. About 2km (1.2 miles) from

41
Fort Pilar are the houses of the Badjaos, which are stilted constructions on the
water. Water gypsies live in boats in this area, moving to wherever the fishing is
best. Plaza Pershing and Pasonanca Park are worth visiting. Nearby Santa Cruz
Island has a sand beach which turns pink when the corals from the sea are washed
ashore, and is ideal for bathing, snorkelling and scuba diving. Major destinations
include theFort Pilar, Pettit Barracks, old City Hall, Pasonanca Park,
Metropolitan Cathedral of Immaculate Conception, Zamboanga Golf and Country Club,
and the most modern park in the Western Mindanao is the Paseo del Mar. Sports The
city of Zamboanga aims to make this city as the sports tourism capital of
Mindanao. The Joaquin F. Enriquez Memorial Stadium also known as Zamboanga City
Sports Complex reflect the image of zamboanga that this city can able to host
national or even international sports event. And there are several Gymnasium and
Mini Court that you can found in the City. There are notable players that who came
from Zamboanga City. Such us Simeon Toribio, Jimar Aying, Harry Tañamor, Hidilyn
Diaz, Anthony Pasion and Nolene delos Reyes. Few of many notable zamboangeno
players.

Festivals and Events • Dia de Zamboanga

February 26, 1937- the date when Zamboanga was declared a chartered city under the
Commonwealth Government. Charter Day of the City became a non-working holiday. A
roster of special activities are lined up annually to mark the occasion. The
signing of the City's Charter by Pres. Manuel L. Quezon was witnessed by
Assemblyman Juan S. Alano, Representative of the Moro Province of Mindanao, then
Zamboanga City Mayor Don Pablo Lorenzo, and a number of other public officials, as
well as a young school girl, Maria Clara Lorenzo,

42
who eventually became a well-loved Representative and City Mayor of Zamboanga
until her death in 2004. • Holy Week

March/April (movable) A city procession known as the Santo Entierro (Holy Funeral)
on Good Friday highlights the observance of the season of Lent. Celebrated in most
parish churches in the city and in the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate
Conception, the Santo Entierro is a procession of Christ's images, many of the
Stations of the Cross, along the city's main streets, depicting his last hours
before, during, and after the Crucifixion. • Flores de Mayo

May 1 - 31 A religious feast celebrated in all Catholic churches in honor of the

Virgin Mary. Little children in white gala dresses walk up the altar to offer
flowers to the image of the Blessed Mother, as the Catholics call her. In some
parts of the city, the traditional Santacruzan is also held. The Santa-cruzan is a
procession of the Reyna Elena and other local beauties with their escorts, decked
out in Maria Clara gowns and barong tagalog, along major streets. • Santacruzan

Last day of Flores de Mayo A religious feast celebrated in many Catholic Parishes
in honor of Reyna Elena (Queen Helen)and her son Constantine who went to the Holy
Land to search for Jesus' Cross. • La Hermosa Festival

Every October the scenic city of Zamboanga, as the "City of Flowers", and also
known as Asia’s Latin City celebrates its grand annual Zamboanga Hermosa Festival
or the popularly known as Fiesta Pilar with 12 days and nights of events and
celebrations. The beautiful city of Zamboanga welcomes thousands to the region's
biggest, most extravagant celebration of the year. The two day celebrations are
mainly in honor of the miraculous image of Our Lady of the Pilar

43
Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragosa, which is also commonly known as the Fiesta
Pilar at the legendary Fort Pila who has a special fiesta in October. The people
of Zamboanga passionately believe that the lady has served as their unifying
cultural and historical symbol. In tribute of her feast day, Zamboanga displays
its loyalty and enthusiasm with a nine-night procession, the event includes live
music, cultural performances; street parades, fireworks displays and one of the
most amazing aspects of the festivities include a wonderful Regatta de Festival
with old sailing ships and yachts sporting red, yellow, other brightly colored
sails, the Mascotta festival. There are also art exhibitions and colorful flower
shows displaying the botanical wonders of Mindanao's tropical vegetations. (Watch
out for the orchids, which are particularly striking). 'Hermosa', which means
beautiful, is an appropriate term for this visually dazzling event.[33] • Pascua
na Cuidad

Every year, the local government of Zamboanga decorates one of the central
landmark of the City, the City Hall. And every year, this place becomes an
attraction to local folks and visitors of the city. This is a great initiative of
the local government. Aside from inviting people to come to Zamboanga, the lights
also brings the spirit of Christmas to everyone. People, young and old, rich and
poor, gather around the area and watch the beauty of the lights. Celebration of
Jesus Christ's Birth. City hall, churches, schools, streetlight post, houses,
streets, commercial places, parks and most of the other places in the City are
covered with lights, filled with joyous sounds and other Christmas Decorations. •
Fonda de Barangay

Week-long celebration in the Barangay/Barrios honoring their patron saints. The

celebration usually starts with novena masses held every day for 9 straight days

44
DOMESTIC TOUR DUMAGUETE CITY

45
Dumaguete City The City of Dumaguete is a city in the Philippine province of
Negros Oriental. It is the capital, principal seaport, and largest city of the
province. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 116,392 people. A
person from Dumaguete is called a "Dumagueteño". The city is nicknamed The City of
Gentle People. Dumaguete is referred to as a university town because of the
presence of seven universities and colleges, where students of the province
converge to enroll for tertiary education. The city is also a popular educational
destination for students of surrounding provinces and cities in Visayas and
Mindanao. The city is best known for Silliman University, the country's first
Protestant university and the first American university in Asia. There are also 12
elementary schools and 9 high schools. The city's student population is estimated
at 30,000. The city attracts a considerable number of foreign tourists,
particularly Europeans, because of easy ferry access from Cebu City, the
availability of beach resorts and dive sites, and the attraction of dolphin and
whale watching in nearby Bais Bay. It is also becoming one of the country's
retirement hubs because of its quiet, rustic and laid-back atmosphere, numerous
medical facilities and other urban amenities which are comparable to, if not
better than, those found in the metropolitan areas. The city has a domestic
airport which provides daily flights to and from Manila and Cebu City through Cebu
Pacific, Air Philippines, and Philippine Airlines. Dumaguete is considered one of
the fastest developing cities in the Philippines.

46
History "Dumaguete" was coined from the Visayan word "daggit" which means "to
snatch". Because of the frequent marauding attacks of the Muslim pirates on the
coastal town, and the power to attract and keep her visitors for good, hence, the
word "dumaguet", meaning "to swoop," was christened to the village of Dumaguete.
However, Diego Lopez Povedano in 1572, indicated the place as "Dananguet." But in
1734, Murillo Velarde referred to it using its present name of Dumaguete. In 1890,
the island-province of Negros was divided into two politicomilitary provinces,
Occidental and Oriental. As earlier constituted, in 1898, Dumaguete was included
in Negros Oriental. After the Philippine-American War, on May 1, 1901, a civil
government was established by the Americans in the Province of Negros Oriental,
including Dumaguete. When World War II broke out, the city was occupied by the
Japanese Imperial Forces on May 26, 1942. It was liberated on April 26, 1945 by
the combined forces of the United States, Filipino Soldiers and the Filipino
guerrillas. On June 15, 1948 or three years later, Republic Act No. 327, created
the City of Dumaguete. Later, on June 21, 1969, Republic Act No. 5797 was enacted,
otherwise known as the Revised Charter of Dumaguete City.

Geography and climate The City has a land area of 34.26 km², situated on the
plains of the southeastern coast of Negros Island near the mouth of the Banica
River. Of the province's 20 municipalities and 5 cities, Dumaguete is the smallest
in terms of land area. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of Sibulan;
on the south by the municipality of Bacong; and on the west by the municipality of
Valencia. As a coastal city, it is bounded on the east by the Mindanao Sea and the
Tañon Strait, serving as a natural border to the neighboring provinces of Cebu and
Siquijor.

47
The city's topography is generally flat from two to six kilometers from the
shoreline. It slopes gently upwards to the adjoining municipality of Valencia. The
highest ground elevation is located at the boundary of the municipality of
Valencia, about one hundred meters above mean sea level. About 93% of the land
have slopes of less than 3%. The remaining areas have 3% to 5% slope. Dumaguete is
politically subdivided into 30 barangays, all classified as urban. The eight
barangays in the city's downtown area are known primarily by number. The smallest
barangay is Barangay 4 with an area of only 5.11 hectares, while the biggest
barangay is Barangay Banilad with 362.71 hectares. Dumaguete has two seasons,
namely; the dry and the wet seasons. The wet season covers the period from June to
November, and the dry season starts from December to May, the hottest being April
and May. The average maximum temperature is 34.3 °C and the average minimum
temperature is 22.9 °C for the past years. The relative humidity of the locality
for the past years was 78¾% with the month of December registering the highest.

Demographics As of the census of 2007, there are 116,392 people and 21,582
households residing in the city. It has also an average daylight population of
400,000 people, mostly shoppers and employees of establisments in the City coming
from nearby municipalities and provinces such as Southern Cebu, Siquijor, Northern
and Southern Negros. Dumaguete City is the most populous city in Negros Oriental,
comprising 9.05% of the province's total population. Unlike the national profile,
the male population dominates by 6% more than the female population. Dumaguete has
one of the lowest crime rates among Philippine Cities its size.

48
Education Dumaguete has earned the distinction of being known as "the center of
learning in the south," or a "university town" due to the presence of these
universities that have made their mark nationally and abroad. The city has become
a melting pot of students, professionals, artists, scholars and the literati
coming from different parts of the country and the world. Silliman University is
the dominant institution of higher learning in Dumaguete, providing the city with
a distinct university town atmosphere. It is the oldest Protestant university in
the country and the oldest American-established university in Asia. The 610,000 m²
campus is adjacent to and intermixed with the city's downtown district. It is the
4th top performing school in the Philippines, and 2nd if the University of the
Philippines System is taken as one, according to a survey conducted by the
Commission on Higher Education (CHED). Other universities located in the city are
Foundation University, Negros Oriental State University (also known as NORSU
campus 1 and 2), and the first Saint Paul University in the Philippines. Back in
1904, on invitation from Reverend Frederick Rooker of the Diocese of Iloilo, seven
Sisters of the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres (SPC) from
France traveled to Dumaguete with the intent of taking over a boarding school
which at the time housed 26 girls. There are also many colleges in the city,
including a branch of AMA Computer College and AMA ACLC, a branch of the Asian
College of Science and Technology (commonly known as ACSAT), a branch of STI
College, the Maxino College, the Metro Dumaguete College and Colegio de Santa
Catalina de Alejandria (popularly known as COSCA). Universities • • • Silliman
University (SU) www.su.edu.ph Foundation University (FU) www.foundationu.com
Negros Oriental State University (NORSU) www.norsu.edu.ph

49
• Colleges • • • • • • • • • •

St. Paul University-Dumaguete (SPUD) www.spud.edu.ph

Colegio de Santa Catalina de Alejandria (COSCA) Metro Dumaguete College Maxino

College STI College Asian College of Science and Technology (ACSAT) AMA Computer
College Negros Maritime College Foundation Inc. (NMCFI) Presbyterian Theological
College Institute of Ogabang Polytechnic and Medical College

Private Elementary & High Schools • • • • • • • • • St. Louis School-Don Bosco

Catherina Cittadini (St. Louis) School Royal Oaks International School Holy Cross
High School Chunghua High School SIMON (Negros Oriental Montessori International
School) ABC Learning Center Little Village Foundation, Inc. SouthDale Integrated
School

Economy Dumaguete is becoming one of the most economically vibrant cities in the
country in recent years, thanks to the influence of various anchor industries
which drive the City's and neighboring areas' economies. These industries include
the business process outsourcing, retirement, retail, and a host of other
industries. TeleTech, one of the world's largest call center firms, and SPi, one
of the world's leading BPO companies, are the two large ITES firms

50
operating in Dumaguete. The US-based StudentUniverse Corp. also operates its first
overseas contact center in the city. Aside from these multinational BPO giants,
there are other smaller BPO corporations and local outsourcing outfits operating
in the city and nearby areas. Other giant multinational BPOs such as Convergys, as
well as local corporations, are expected to establish their sites in Dumaguete
soon. Robinsons Land Corporation, a major mall operator in the Philippines, will
open 2010 a new mall located on a 6-hectare lot in Calindagan, south of downtown
Dumaguete and inside the Dumaguete Business and IT Park. The latter is a 21
hectare complex being developed in Brgy. Calindagan, masterplanned by the Palafox
Associates. Now becoming the new center of commerce in Dumaguete, it is expected
to soon overtake the present downtown area in terms of economic activities and
prominence. There is also an upsurge in the number of tourists arriving in the
City of Dumaguete and nearby areas. The City Planning and Development Office
estimates that Dumaguete City has an unemployment rate of 14.5%, significantly
higher than the national unemployment rate of 11.7%. Of those that are employed,
40% are in private businesses or are self employed. The academe pumps in more than
P2 billion of economic activity into the city annually.

Transportation Land The most common type of transportation in Dumaguete is by

tricycle, jeepneys, buses, and taxis. Ceres Liner of Vallacar Transit, Inc., is
the most common Bus Liner in the province.

51
Air Sibulan Airport also known as Dumaguete Airport, is an airport serving the
general area of Dumaguete City, located in the province of Negros Oriental in the
Philippines. The airport is located in the municipality of Sibulan, near the
border with Dumaguete City, and as such takes its name from its location. The
airport is classified as a trunkline airport, or a major commercial domestic
airport, by the Air Transportation Office, a body of the Department of
Transportation and Communications that is responsible for the operations of not
only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the
major international airports. It has daily flights to and from Manila and Cebu
through Air Philippines, Cebu Pacific, and Philippine Airlines. Sea The Dumaguete
Pier, located in Barangay Looc, is the second largest port in Central Visayas. It
is the main port of trade for the city and the whole province of Negros Oriental.
It is currently under a expansion project that reclaims a few hectares of sea to
accommodate more container ships. A new Passenger terminal is also currently under
construction.

52
Dumaguete City Tourist Spots and Landmarks Since sightseers and tourists pass
through Dumaguete City when going to the lures and attractions of the province,
the local government maintains a cooperative relationship with hotel operators,
restaurant and resort owners in providing wholesome, clean and adequate service to
visitors. Travel agencies in the city also provide special travel packages to
those who go to Dumaguete from Manila or Cebu and back. Special side trips are
also available which take enthusiasts to whale and dolphin watching in Bais Bay,
scuba diving in either Siquijor or Apo islands, mountain trekking in Mt. Talinis,
spelunking in Mabinay, or just plain sightseeing in Valencia town. The City
Tourism Office also provides tourist assistance at the Dumaguete City airport and
free tour-guide service to those who ask for it. The Rizal Boulevard Rizal
Boulevard stretching right by the seacoast is the converging place in the city for
people of all walks of life. Either jogging or simply strolling in the early
morning watching the sun rise in the sea horizon; or at sun down enjoying the sea
breeze as the color of the sky changes to pale orange until the string of lights
lining the baywalk takes over. When in Dumaguete City, one cannot simply miss this
780-meter strip of wide beachfront promenade. It runs almost entirely along the
city’s commercial district and provides quite a refreshing and calming view when
dining or having a drink at one of the many restaurants or bars lining the street.
It is a popular spot for family picnics and other outdoor activities. On Sundays,
you can usually find revelers seated cross legged on the grass around their spread
of food. Children have their time of day running around or clam digging on the
seashore during low tides. On many occasions it becomes a venue for celebrating
city festivals. During the day, the streets hold parades and dances while banca
(sailboat) racing goes on at the beach. In the evening, it becomes a

53
native food market. The wonderful aroma of grilled seafood and barbecue permeates
the sea air. A band performs nearby while the beer continues to flow. A quiet
night outside on full moons calls for a romantic stroll after a taste of the
boulevard’s action-packed night life. It is just a perfect way to end a pleasant
evening soiree. The Rizal Boulevard is undoubtedly one of the most visited places
in the city. It was named after the famous Philippine national hero, Dr. Jose
Rizal, who actually made a stopover here on his way to Dapitan where he was put in
exile. The Dumaguete Belfry The bell tower of St. Catherine of Alexandria
Cathedral was constructed in 1811. Other than informing townsfolk of daily mass
schedules, it also served as a watchtower for forthcoming attacks by aggressors.
An old landmark of the city and mute witness to the city's history when pirates
from the Mindanao used to come and kidnap beautiful local maidens in the late 18th
century. Built between 1774 and 1776, the belfry stood and served as a watchtower,
alerting village people of marauding pirates when its bell was rung. Improvements
were made on the belfry in 1885 together with the renovation of the church and
convent. The Dumaguete Belfry was restored in 1985 and since then has become a
very popular landmark. A garden now surrounds the tower and a grotto of the Virgin
Mary stands erect near the base. Devotees flock daily to light a candle for their
prayer requests or for confirmation of their faith. Silliman University The pride
of Dumaguete, Silliman University is a vast 61-hectare land located at the very
heart of the city. Built in 1901, it first started with less than 10 students and
a makeshift classroom. Today it is one of the best and biggest universities in the
Philippines.

54
The Silliman Hall The Silliman Hall is the oldest known building in the campus. It
was erected in 1903 when the need for additional classrooms arose. Today, it
serves as a museum and a venue for university dinner conferences and the like. The
Silliman University Library In the year 1978, construction began for this 3 storey
building using funds donated by the USAID foundation or the United States of
America through the office of American International Development. It was finished
within one year, and formally inaugurated on August 28, 1979. It still remains to
be one of the biggest libraries in the Philippines. Katipunan Hall (Mission
Hospital) Once the City Mission Hospital, Katipunan Hall is now converted into
classrooms and educational departments. Interestingly enough, much of the
hospital’s original structure has been retained. The Mission Hospital was
established in December, 1915 by Dr. Langheim and his wife who was also a nurse.
They were the pioneers of medical missionary work in Negros Oriental, and both of
them were also educators at the school. The Dumaguete City Public Market In the
bustling downtown area is the city market filled with tiny stalls and rows of
tables stacked with local fresh produce. Meat and vegetables are usually freshest
in the early morning hours. Fishermen from neighboring towns also bring in their
catch during this time. Dumaguete's Fish and Vegetable-market is even famous as
the cleanest in the area. Next to fish, meat and vegetables they also sell fruits,
flowers, rice and the lot of accessories. Even service as beauty salons can be
found.

55
The public market can be a bit noisy and a tad cluttered because of so many people
coming in and out of the building. Other products that could be sourced from there
include pots and pans, baskets, brooms and other cleaning agents, plastic
products, livestock feeds, even freshwater pearls, watches and gold jewelry. Every
Sunday morning between 5 and 7 there is a pre-market, where farmers coming from
the far areas of the island try to sell their vegetables and fruits. You have to
get up early but it is nice and colorful. Angtay Golf Club, Bantayan, Dumaguete
City The proximity of Angtay Golf Club makes it convenient for all golf
enthusiasts in the city to practice their swings after work at the office. In the
late afternoons, it is a common sight to find junior golfers lining up for
training sessions as well. With the 9-hole course, Angtay Golf Club has a function
room and a restaurant serving good food. It is also a perfect setting for wedding
receptions and children’s parties. It has a spacious parking area with security
guard. The Christmas House, Amigo Subdivision, Dumaguete City The Christmas House
is a one-of-a-kind legacy initiated by Dr. Rico Absin, an anesthesiologist in the
city. For the past 18 years, visiting the Christmas House has become a tradition
for all Dumagueteños. Each year for the past 18 years all the young and the young-
at-heart flock to the bedecked Spanish mansion of one Dr. Rico Absin, a practicing
anesthesiologist in his early 50s, who has successfully created an institution out
of a genuine passion for art and decoration. Gateway to the Best Philippine Dive
Sites The Area have some of the best dive sites in the world namely Apo Island and
Sumilon Island. Having one of most diverse marine ecosystem in the World, divers
converge in Apo Island to see the beautiful corals and marine life in this Marine
Preserve managed by

56
Silliman University. Dolphin and whale watching in nearby Bais Bay, spelunking in
Mabinay Cave System, and hiking to the three lakes on top of Mt Talinis are just
some of the sights one can visit to make your visit in Dumaguete complete.
Festivals Sandurot Festival is a joyful celebration of the people of Dumaguete,
their innate hospitality, friendliness, and their propensity to live harmoniously
with people of different race, religion, and cultural beliefs. Through the course
of history and to the present time, the people of Dumaguete have always been known
to welcome strangers from different shores and countries, and to live with them in
complete peace and understanding. This is the innate trait of Dumagueteños
celebrated by the Sandurot Festival.Held during the city fiesta in Novemeber at
the Rizal Boulevard, the festival reenacts the coming of these foreigners and how,
with dance and song, they were welcomed by the natives. It is participated in by
city barangays and/or schools, with each contingent representing a foreign
culture. The group, wearing the chosen country's native costume, will then perform
an intricately choreographed dance, interpreting the meaning of "Sandurot", which
means genuine unity and sharing. Santacruzan in Dumaguete is always a star-studded
affair. The Santacruzan in May is celebrated in such a unique way that it is not
merely a parade of beautiful sagalas, but a re-enactment of religious and
historical events. Schools and universities in Dumaguete also have their own
festivities that are crowd-drawers and eagerly waited by the Dumagueteños.
Silliman University, during its Founder's Day, is famous for its booths which are
put up by the different student organizations in campus. Thousands flock to the SU
grounds to see the displays during the weeklong celebration. SU is also famous for
its prestigious Miss Silliman Beauty Pageant. Foundation University also has its
Kasadyaan Festival held in December. The mardi gras parade is very colorful, the
music and beat

57
pulsating, and the dances heady and exciting. Getting There Philippine Airlines
and other domestic carriers fly regularly from Manila to Dumaguete City, and vice
versa. Travel time is one hour and a half. One can also travel by ship from Manila
to Dumaguete. Travel time is 36 hours. From Tagbilaran City, Bohol, you can reach
the city through Supercat [fast craft] in an hour and a half. Fast ferry trips are
daily.

58
INTERNATIONAL TOUR HONG KONG

59
Hong Kong Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region,[6] is a territory located in Southern China in East Asia,
bordering the province of Guangdong to the north and facing the South China Sea to
the east, west and south. It has a population of 7 million people but only 1,108
km2 (428 sq mi) of land, making it one of the most densely populated areas in the
world.[7] Beginning as a trading port, Hong Kong became a dependent territory of
the United Kingdom in 1842, and remained so until transfer of sovereignty of Hong
Kong to the People's Republic of China in 1997.[8] [9] Along with Macau, Hong Kong
is one of the two special administrative regions under the "one country, two
systems" policy.[10] As a result, Hong Kong is largely self-governing, has its own
currency, legal and political systems, a high degree of autonomy in all areas
except foreign affairs and defence,[11] and is generally not considered part of
mainland China.[12][13][14][15] Renowned for its expansive skyline and natural
setting, Hong Kong is one of the world's leading financial capitals, a major
business and cultural hub, and maintains a highly developed capitalist economy.
Its identity as a cosmopolitan centre where east meets west is reflected in its
cuisine, cinema, music and traditions,[16] and although the population is
predominantly Chinese, residents and expatriates of other ethnicities form a small
but significant segment of society.[17] History Human settlement in the area now
known as Hong Kong dates back to the late Paleolithic and early Neolithic era,[20]
but the name Hong Kong (香港) did not appear on written record until the Treaty of
Nanking of

60
1842.[21] The area's earliest recorded European visitor was Jorge Álvares, a
Portuguese mariner who arrived in 1513.[22][23] In 1839 the refusal by Qing
Dynasty authorities to import opium resulted in the First Opium War between China
and Britain. Hong Kong Island became occupied by British forces in 1841, and was
formally ceded to Britain under the Treaty of Nanking at the end of the war. The
British established a Crown Colony with the founding of Victoria City the
following year. In 1860, after China's defeat in the Second Opium War, Kowloon
Peninsula south of Boundary Street and Stonecutter's Island were ceded to Britain
under the Convention of Peking. In 1898 Britain obtained a 99-year lease of Lantau
Island and the adjacent northern lands, which became known as the New Territories.
[24]

During the first half of the 20th century, Hong Kong was a free port, serving as
an entrepôt of the British Empire. The British introduced an education system
based on their own model, while the local Chinese population had little contact
with the European community of wealthy tai-pans settled near Victoria Peak.[24] In
conjunction with its military campaign in World War II, the Empire of Japan
invaded Hong Kong on 8 December 1941. The Battle of Hong Kong ended with British
and Canadian defenders surrendering control of the colony to Japan on 25 December.
During the Japanese occupation, civilians suffered widespread food shortages,
rationing, and hyper-inflation due to forced exchange of currency for military
notes. Hong Kong lost more than half of its population in the period between the
invasion and Japan's surrender in 1945, when the United Kingdom resumed control of
the colony. [25] Hong Kong's population recovered quickly as a wave of mainland
migrants arrived for refuge from the ongoing Chinese Civil War. With the
proclamation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, more migrants fled to Hong
Kong in fear of persecution by the Communist

61
Party.[24] Many corporations in Shanghai and Guangzhou also shifted their
operations to Hong Kong.[24] The colony became the sole place of contact between
mainland China and the Western world, as the Chinese communist government
increasingly isolated itself from outside influence. As textile and manufacturing
industries grew with the help of population growth and low cost of labour, Hong
Kong rapidly industrialised, with its economy becoming driven by exports, and
living standards rising steadily. The construction of Shek Kip Mei Estate in 1953
marked the beginning of the public housing estate program, designed to cope with
the huge influx of immigrants. Trade in Hong Kong accelerated even further when
Shenzhen, immediately north of Hong Kong, became a Special Economic Zone of the
PRC, and established Hong Kong as the main source of foreign investment to the
mainland. The later decades of the 20th century saw the economy shift from
textiles and manufacturing to mainly services-based, as the financial and banking
sectors became increasingly dominant. With the lease of the New Territories due to
expire within two decades the governments of the United Kingdom and the People's
Republic of China discussed the issue of Hong Kong's sovereignty in the 1980s. In
1984 the two countries signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, agreeing to
transfer sovereignty to the People's Republic of China in 1997,[24] and
stipulating that Hong Kong would be governed as a special administrative region,
retaining its laws and a high degree of autonomy for at least fifty years after
the transfer. The Hong Kong Basic Law, which would serve as the constitutional
document after the transfer, was ratified in 1990, and the transfer of sovereignty
occurred at midnight on 1 July 1997, marked by a handover ceremony at the Hong
Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre.[24] Hong Kong's economy was affected by the
Asian financial crisis of 1997 that hit many East Asian markets, and the lethal
H5N1 avian influenza also surfaced that year. After a gradual recovery, Hong Kong
suffered again due to an outbreak of SARS in 2003.[26] Today, Hong Kong continues
to serve as an important global financial centre, but faces uncertainty over its
future role with a growing mainland China

62
economy, and its relationship with the PRC government in areas such as democratic
reform and universal suffrage.

Government and Politics In accordance with the Sino-British Joint Declaration, and
reflecting the policy known as "one country, two systems" by the People's Republic
of China, Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of autonomy as a special administrative
region in all areas except defence and foreign affairs.[27] The declaration
stipulates that the region maintain its capitalist economic system and guarantees
the rights and freedoms of its people for at least 50 years beyond the 1997
handover.[28] The Basic Law is the constitutional document that outlines
executive, legislative and judicial authorities of government, although final
authority for interpreting the Basic Law rests with the PRC government.[29] The
primary institutions of government are: • The executive: The Executive Council,
headed by the Chief Executive who is elected by the Election Committee and then
approved and appointed by the Central People's Government;
[30]

The legislature: The Legislative Council with 60 members, half of which are
directly elected by universal suffrage, and headed by the President of the
Legislative Council who serves as the Speaker of the Council;[30] The Hong Kong
Civil Service: A politically neutral body that implements policies and provides
government services, where public servants are appointed based on qualifications,
experience and ability;[30] The judiciary: Comprising the Court of Final Appeal,
the High Court (which includes the Court of Appeal and the Court of First
Instance), the District Courts, et cetera.[31]

63
The Basic Law and universal suffrage have been major issues of political debate
since the transfer of sovereignty. In 2002, the government's proposed Article 23
of the Basic Law, which required the enactment of laws prohibiting acts of treason
and subversion against the Chinese government, was met with fierce opposition, and
eventually shelved.[30][32][33] Debate between pro-Beijing groups and prodemocracy
groups characterises Hong Kong's political scene, with the latter supporting a
faster pace of democratisation.[ Legal System and Judiciary In contrast to
mainland China's civil law system, Hong Kong continues to follow the English
Common Law tradition established during British rule.[35] Hong Kong's courts are
permitted to refer to decisions (precedents) rendered by courts of other common
law jurisdictions,[36] and judges from other common law jurisdictions are allowed
to participate in proceedings of Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal and sit as Hong
Kong judges.[37] Structurally, Hong Kong's court system consists of the Court of
Final Appeal, the High Court, which is made up of the Court of Appeal and the
Court of First Instance, and the District Court, which includes the Family Court.
[31] Other adjudicative bodies include the Lands Tribunal, the Magistrates'
Courts, the Juvenile Court, the Coroner's Court, the Labour Tribunal, the Small
Claims Tribunal, and the Obscene Articles Tribunal, which is responsible for
classifying non-video pornography to be circulated in Hong Kong.[31] Justices of
the Court of Final Appeal are appointed by Hong Kong's Chief Executive.[38] The
Department of Justice is the largest legal institution in Hong Kong, and its
responsibilities involve legislation, judicial administration, prosecution, civil
representation, legal and policy drafting and reform, and the legal profession.
[35] Aside from prosecuting criminal cases, officials of the Department of Justice
also appear in court on behalf of the government in all civil and administrative
lawsuits against the government.[35] As protector of the public interest, it may
apply for judicial reviews and assign legal representation on behalf of the public
to take part in such a trial.[39] The Basic Law protects the Department of Justice
from any interference.

64
Administrative Districts Hong Kong is subdivided into 18 geographic districts for
administrative purposes, each represented by a district council that advises the
government on local matters such as public facilities, community programmes,
cultural activities and environmental improvements. There are a total of 534
district councils seats, 405 of which are elected, while the rest are appointed by
the Chief Executive and 27 ex officio chairmen of rural committees.[43] The
government's Home Affairs Department communicates government policies and plans to
the public through the district offices. The 18 districts can be split into three
areas, often used for statistical purposes. Hong Kong Island is the original 1842
colony, and contains Hong Kong's financial core on its northern coast. Kowloon is
to the north across Victoria Harbour, the southern part of which was ceded in
1860. The much larger New Territories was the final addition to Hong Kong's
territory in 1898. As a special administrative region, Hong Kong is governed as a
unitary authority, and as such there are no formal definitions for its cities and
towns. One such example is Victoria City, which was one of the first urban
settlements in Hong Kong after it became a colony, and was considered Hong Kong's
capital city during British rule.[44] Its historic boundary, along with that of
Kowloon and New Kowloon, remain stated in law, but has not had any legal or
administrative status since 1982. Geography and Climate Hong Kong is located on
China's south coast, 60 km (37 mi) east of Macau on the opposite side of the Pearl
River Delta. It is surrounded by the South China Sea on the east, south, and west,
and borders the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province to the north over the Sham
Chun River. The territory's 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) land area consists primarily of
Hong Kong Island, Lantau Island, Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories as well
as some 260 other islands.[45]

65
As much of Hong Kong's terrain is hilly to mountainous with steep slopes, less
than 25% of the territory's landmass is developed, and about 40% of the remaining
land area is reserved as country parks and nature reserves.[46] Most of the
territory's urban development exists on Kowloon peninsula, along the northern edge
of Hong Kong Island and in scattered settlements throughout the New Territories.
The highest elevation in the territory is at Tai Mo Shan, at a height of 958
metres (3,140 ft) above sea level. Hong Kong's long, irregular and curvaceous
coastline also affords the territory with many bays, rivers and beaches. Despite
Hong Kong's reputation of being intensely urbanised, the territory has made much
effort to promote a green environment,[47] and recent growing public concern has
prompted the severe restriction of further land reclamation from Victoria Harbour.
Awareness of the environment is growing as Hong Kong suffers from increasing
pollution compounded by its geography and tall buildings. Approximately 80% of the
city's smog originates from other parts of the Pearl River Delta.[48] Situated
just south of the Tropic of Cancer, Hong Kong's climate is humid subtropical
climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa). Summer is hot and humid with
occasional showers and thunderstorms, and warm air coming from the southwest. It
is also the time when typhoons are most likely, sometimes resulting in flooding or
landslides. Winter weather usually starts sunny and becomes cloudier towards
February, with the occasional cold front bringing strong, cooling winds from the
north. The most pleasant seasons are spring, although changeable, and autumn,
which is generally sunny and dry.[49] Hong Kong averages 1,948 hours of sunshine
per year,[50] while the highest and lowest ever recorded temperatures at the Hong
Kong Observatory are 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) and 0.0 °C (32.0 °F), respectively.

Economy

66
Hong Kong is one of the world's leading financial centres.[53] Its highly
capitalist economy has been ranked the freest in the world by the Index of
Economic Freedom for 15 consecutive years. [54][55][56] It is an important centre
for international finance and trade, with one of the greatest concentration of
corporate headquarters in the Asia-Pacific region, and is known as one of the Four
Asian Tigers for its high growth rates and rapid industrialisation between the
1960s and 1990s. [57] The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is the sixth largest in the
world, with a market capitalisation of US$2.97 trillion as of October 2007, and
the second highest value of initial public offerings, after London.[58] The
currency used in Hong Kong is the Hong Kong dollar, which has been pegged to the
U.S. dollar since 1983. The Government of Hong Kong plays a passive role in the
financial industry, mostly leaving the direction of the economy to market forces
and the private sector. Under the official policy of positive noninterventionism,
Hong Kong is often cited as an example of laissezfaire capitalism. Following World
War II, Hong Kong industrialised rapidly as a manufacturing centre driven by
exports, and then underwent a rapid transition to a service-based economy in the
1980s. Hong Kong matured to become a financial centre in the 1990s, but was
greatly affected by the Asian financial crisis in 1998, and again in 2003 by the
SARS outbreak. A revival of external and domestic demand has led to a strong
recovery, as cost decreases strengthened the competitiveness of Hong Kong exports
and a long deflationary period ended. The territory has little arable land and few
natural resources, so it must import most of its food and raw materials. Hong Kong
is the world's eleventh largest trading entity,[59] with the total value of
imports and exports exceeding its gross domestic product. Much of Hong Kong's
exports consist of re-exports, which are products made outside of the territory,
especially in mainland China, and distributed via Hong Kong. Even before the 1997
handover, Hong Kong had established extensive trade and investment ties with
mainland China, and its autonomous status now enables it to serve as a point of
entry for investment flowing into the mainland. At the end of 2007, there were
3.46 million people employed full-time, with the unemployment rate averaging 4.1%,
the fourth straight year of decline.[60] Hong Kong's economy is dominated by the
service sector, which accounts for over 90% of its GDP, while

67
industry now constitutes just 9%. Inflation was at 2% in 2007, and Hong Kong's
largest export markets are mainland China, the United States, and Japan.[

Military As it has never been a sovereign state, Hong Kong never has any entirely
independent military forces. As a British colony and later territory, defence was
provided by the British military under the command of the Governor of Hong Kong
who was ex officio Commander-in-chief.[62] When the People's Republic of China
assumed sovereignty in 1997, the British barracks were replaced by a garrison of
the People's Liberation Army, comprising ground, naval, and air forces, and under
the command of the Chinese Central Military Commission.[9] The Basic Law protects
local civil affairs against interference by resident military forces, and the Hong
Kong Government remains responsible for the maintenance of public order.
Demographics Residents of Hong Kong are sometimes referred to as Hongkongers. The
territory's population increased sharply throughout the 1990s, reaching 6.99
million in 2006.[64] Hong Kong has a fertility rate of 0.95 children per woman,
[65] one of the lowest in the world and far below the 2.1 children per woman
required to sustain the current population. However, the population in Hong Kong
continues to grow due to the influx of immigrants from mainland China,
approximating 45,000 per year. Life expectancy in Hong Kong is 81.6 years as of
2006, the sixth highest in the world. About 95% of Hong Kong's population is of
Chinese descent, the majority of which is Cantonese or from linguistic groups such
as Hakka and Teochew. The remaining 5% of the population is composed of nonethnic
Chinese forming a highly visible group despite their smaller numbers. A South
Asian population of Sindhis, Indians, Pakistanis and Nepalese are found.
Vietnamese refugees have become permanent residents of Hong Kong. There are also a
number of Europeans,

68
Americans, Australians, Canadians, Japanese, and Koreans working in Hong Kong's
commercial and financial sector. Hong Kong's de-facto official dialect is
Cantonese, a Chinese language originating from Guangdong province to the north of
Hong Kong, and is spoken by 95% of the population as a first language. English is
also an official language, and according to a 1996 by-census is spoken by 3.1% of
the population as an everyday language and by 34.9% of the population as a second
language.[66] Signs displaying both Chinese and English are common throughout the
territory. Since the 1997 handover, an increase in immigrants from mainland China
and greater integration with the mainland economy have brought an increasing
amount of Mandarin speakers to Hong Kong. Religion in Hong Kong enjoys a high
degree of freedom, guaranteed by the Basic Law. 90% of Hong Kong's population
practises a mix of local religions,[67] most prominently Buddhism (mainly Chinese
Mahayana) and Taoism.[68][69][70] A Christian community of around 600,000 exists,
[71][72] forming about 8% of the total population, and is equally divided between
Catholics and Protestants. There are also Muslim, Latter-Day Saint,[73] Jewish,
Jehovah's Witness,[74] Hindu, Sikh and Bahá'í communities.[71] Concerns over a
lack of religious freedom after the 1997 handover have subsided, with Falun Gong
adherents free to practice in Hong Kong, and the Anglican Church and Roman
Catholic Church each freely appointing its own bishops, unlike in mainland China.
Education Hong Kong's education system roughly follows the system in England,
although at the higher education levels, both English and American systems exist.
The medium of instruction is mainly spoken Cantonese, written Chinese and English,
but Mandarin language education has been increasing. The Programme for
International Student Assessment, has ranked Hong Kong's education system as the
second best in the world.[75] Hong Kong's public schools are operated by the
Education Bureau. The system features a non-compulsory three-year kindergarten,
followed by

69
a compulsory six-year primary education, a three-year junior secondary education,
a non-compulsory two-year senior secondary education leading to the Hong Kong
Certificate of Education Examinations, and a two-year matriculation course leading
to the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examinations.[76] Most comprehensive schools in
Hong Kong fall under three categories: the rarer public schools; the more common
subsidised schools, including government aids and grant schools; and private
schools, often run by Christian organisations and having admissions based on
academic merit rather than on financial resources. Outside this system are the
schools under the Direct Subsidy Scheme and private international schools. There
are nine public universities in Hong Kong, and a number of private higher
institutions, offering various bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, other
higher diplomas and associate degree courses. The University of Hong Kong, the
oldest institution of tertiary education in territory, was referred by
Quacquarelli Symonds as a "world-class comprehensive research university" [77] and
was ranked 26th on the 2008 THES - QS World University Rankings [78] , making it
3rd in Asia (after only to University of Tokyo and Kyoto University). The Hong
Kong University of Science & Technology and Chinese University of Hong Kong are
ranked 39 and 42 respectively, making them ranked 5th and 6th respectively in
Asia.

Culture Hong Kong is frequently described as a place where East meets West,
reflecting the culture's mix of the territory's Chinese roots with the culture
brought to it during its time as a British colony/territory. Although over a
decade has passed since the handover, Western cultural practices remain, and
coexist seamlessly with the traditional philosophy and practices of Chinese
culture. Hong Kong still has a Welsh male voice choir and a traditional English
morris dancing team, for example. One of the more noticeable contradictions is
Hong Kong's balancing of a modernised way of life with traditional superstitious
Chinese

70
practices. Concepts like Fung shui are taken very seriously, with expensive
construction projects often hiring expert consultants, and are often believed to
make or break a business. Other objects like bagua mirrors are still regularly
used to deflect evil spirits, and buildings often lack any floor number that has a
4 in it, due to its similarity to the word for "die" in the Chinese language. The
fusion of east and west also characterises Hong Kong's cuisine, where dim sum or
da been lo restaurants can be found next to fast food joints. While Hong Kong is a
recognised global centre of trade, its most famous export is its entertainment
industry, particularly in the martial arts genre which gained a high level of
popularity in the late 1960s and 1970s. Several Hollywood performers have
originated from Hong Kong cinema, notably Bruce Lee, Chow Yun-Fat, and Jackie
Chan. A number of Hong Kong film-makers have also achieved widespread fame in
Hollywood, such as John Woo, Wong Kar-wai and Tsui Hark. Homegrown films such as
Chungking Express, Infernal Affairs, Shaolin Soccer, Rumble in the Bronx, and In
the Mood for Love have gained international recognition. Hong Kong is also the
world's main centre for Cantopop music, which draws its influence from other forms
of Chinese music, and more international styles including jazz, rock and roll,
rhythm and blues, electronic music, western pop music and others, and has a
multinational fanbase. The Hong Kong government supports cultural institutions
such as the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, the Hong Kong Museum of Art, the Hong Kong
Academy for Performing Arts, and the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra. Also, the
government's Leisure and Cultural Services Department subsidises and sponsors
international performers brought to Hong Kong. Many international cultural
activities are organised by the government, consulates, and privately. Hong Kong
has two broadcast television stations, ATV and TVB. Cable and satellite services
are also widespread. The production of Hong Kong's soap dramas, comedy series and
variety shows have reached mass audiences throughout the Chinese-speaking world.
Magazine and newspaper publishers in Hong Kong distribute and print in both
Chinese and English, with a focus on sensationalism and celebrity gossip. The
media is relatively free from government

71
interference compared to that of mainland China, and newspapers are often divided
along political lines of support or show skepticism towards the Chinese government
in Beijing.[citation needed] Hong Kong is also one of three CNN International
headquarters. Hong Kong offers wide recreational and competitive sport
opportunities despite its limited land area. Internationally, Hong Kong
participates in the Olympic Games, and numerous other Asian Games events, and
hosted the equestrian events for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. There are
major multipurpose venues like Hong Kong Coliseum and MacPherson Stadium. Hong
Kong's steep terrain make it ideal for hiking, with expansive views over the
territory, and its rugged coastline provides many beaches for swimming.

Architecture Hong Kong has the world's greatest number of skyscrapers, at 6,439.
[80] The high density and tall skyline of Hong Kong's urban area is due to a lack
of available sprawl space, with the average distance from the harbourfront to the
steep hills of Hong Kong Island at 1.3 km (0.8 mi). [81] This lack of space
causing demand for dense, high-rise offices and housing, has resulted in 38 of the
world's 100 tallest residential buildings being in Hong Kong,[82] and more people
living or working above the 14th floor than anywhere else on Earth, making it the
world's most vertical city.[83] A downside to the lack of space and demand for
construction is that few older buildings remain, the city instead becoming a
centre for modern architecture. The tallest building in Hong Kong is Two
International Finance Centre, at 415 m (1,360 ft) high.[84] Other recognisable
skyline features include the HSBC Headquarters Building, said to be easily
dismantled and rebuilt elsewhere, the triangular Central Plaza with its pyramid-
shaped spire, The Center with its nighttime multi-coloured neon light show, and I
M Pei's Bank of China Tower with its sharp, angular façade. The city has been
rated as having

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the best skyline in the world.[85] Notable remaining historical assets include the
Tsim Sha Tsui Clock Tower, the Central Police Station, and the remains of Kowloon
Walled City. There are many development plans in place, including the construction
of new government buildings,[86] waterfront redevelopment in Central, [87] and a
series of projects in West Kowloon.[88] More high-rise development is set to take
place on the other side of Victoria Harbour in Kowloon, as the 1998 closure of the
nearby Kai Tak Airport lifted strict height restrictions,[89] including the soon-
to-be tallest tower, the International Commerce Centre, which will open in 2010.
[ Transportation Hong Kong has a highly developed transportation network,
encompassing both public and private transport. Over 90% of daily travels (11
million) are on public transport,[91] making it the highest percentage in the
world.[92] The Octopus card, a stored value smart card payment system, can be used
to pay for fares on almost all railways, buses and ferries, and also for parking
and purchases at convenience stores and fastfood restaurants.[93] The city's rapid
transit system, MTR, has 150 stations and serves 3.4 million people a day.[94] A
tramway system, serving the city since 1904, covers the northern parts of Hong
Kong Island and is the only tram system in the world run exclusively with double
deckers.[95] Doubledecker buses were introduced to Hong Kong in 1949, and are now
almost exclusively used, with single-decker buses remaining in use for routes with
lower demand or roads with lower carrying capacity. Most normal franchised bus
routes in Hong Kong operate until 1 am. Public light buses run the length and
breadth of Hong Kong, through areas where standard bus lines cannot reach or do
not reach as frequently, quickly, or directly. The Star Ferry service operates
four lines across Victoria Harbour and has been in operation for over 120 years,
providing a panoramic view of Hong Kong's skyline for its 53,000 daily passengers.
[96] It is considered one of the city's most treasured cultural icons and has been
rated as one of the most picturesque ferry crossings in the world.[97]

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Other ferry services are provided by operators serving outlying islands, new
towns, Macau, and cities in mainland China. Hong Kong is also famous for its junks
traversing the harbour, and small kai-to ferries which serve remote coastal
settlements. Hong Kong's steep, hilly terrain calls for some unusual ways of
getting up and down the slopes. The Peak Tram, the first public transport system
in Hong Kong, has provided vertical rail transport between Central and Victoria
Peak since 1888 by steeply ascending the side of a mountain. In Central and
Western district, there is an extensive system of escalators and moving pavements,
including the longest outdoor covered escalator system in the world, the Mid-
Levels escalator. Hong Kong International Airport is a leading air passenger
gateway and logistics hub in Asia and one of the world's busiest airports in terms
of international passenger and cargo movement, serving more than 47 million
passengers and handling 3.74 million tonnes of cargo in 2007.[98] It replaced Kai
Tak Airport in Kowloon in 1998, and has been rated as the world's best airport in
a number of surveys.[99] Over 85 airlines operate at the two-terminal airport and
it is the primary hub of Cathay Pacific, Dragonair, Air Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Airlines and Hong Kong Express.

Landmarks and Tourist Spots

Victoria Peak Victoria Peak (traditional Chinese: 太平山, or previously- 扯旗山) is

a mountain in Hong Kong. It is also known as Mount Austin, and locally as The
Peak. The mountain is located in the western half of Hong Kong Island. With an
altitude of 552 m (1,810 ft), it is the highest mountain on the island proper, but
not in the entirety of Hong Kong, an honour which belongs to Tai Mo Shan.

74
The actual summit of Victoria Peak is occupied by a radio telecommunications
facility and is closed to the public. However, the surrounding area of public
parks and high-value residential land is the area that is normally meant by the
name The Peak. It is a major tourist attraction which offers spectacular views
over central Hong Kong, Victoria Harbour, and the surrounding islands.

Stanley Stanley is a town and a tourist attraction in Hong Kong. It is a peninsula

on the southeastern part of Hong Kong Island. It is east of Repulse Bay and west
of Shek O, adjacent to Chung Hom Kok. Administratively, it is part of the Southern
District. The proper Chek Chue refers to the village town but Stanley generally
refers to all the surrounding areas of the peninsula after the beginning of
British rule and native Cantonese name Chek Chue became synonym to Stanley.

Repulse Bay Repulse Bay is an area in the southern part of Hong Kong Island,
located in the Southern District, Hong Kong.

International Finance Center The International Finance Centre (abbr. IFC, branded
as "ifc") is an integrated commercial development on the waterfront of Hong Kong's
Central District. A prominent landmark on Hong Kong Island, IFC consists of two
skyscrapers, the IFC Mall, and the 55-story Four Seasons Hotel Hong

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Kong. Tower 2 is the tallest building in Hong Kong, a title formerly held by
Central Plaza. It is the third-tallest building in the Greater China region and
the seventh-tallest office building in the world, based on structural heights; by
roof height, only the Taipei 101, Shanghai World Financial Center, and Sears Tower
exceed it. It is the exact height of the former World Trade Center. The
International Commerce Centre, currently under construction above the MTR Kowloon
station and scheduled for completion in 2010, will surpass 2IFC in each of these
categories. IFC was constructed and is owned by IFC Development, a consortium of
Sun Hung Kai Properties, Henderson Land and Towngas.

Victoria Harbor Victoria Harbour is a natural landform harbour situated between

Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula in Hong Kong. The harbour's deep,
sheltered waters and strategic location on the South China Sea was instrumental in
Hong Kong's establishment as a British colony and its subsequent development as a
trading centre. Throughout its history, the harbour has seen numerous reclamation
projects undertaken on both shores, but still retains its founding role as a port
for thousands of international vessels each year. Long famous for its spectacular
views, the harbour is a major tourist attraction of Hong Kong. Lying in the middle
of the territory's dense urban region, the harbour is the site of annual fireworks
displays and its promenades are popular gathering places for tourists and
residents.

Aberdeen Harbor

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Aberdeen is an area at the south shore of the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It is
part of the Southern District. Aberdeen Harbour is a harbour between Aberdeen and
Ap Lei Chau. Aberdeen traditionally includes the town of Aberdeen, Wong Chuk Hang
and Ap Lei Chau, but it sometimes referred to the town only.

Lan Kwai Fong Lan Kwai Fong (Traditional Chinese: 蘭桂坊, Pinyin: Lánguì Fāng
Cantonese Yale: laáhn gwai fòng) is a small square of streets in Central, Central
and Western district, Hong Kong. The area was dedicated to hawkers before the
Second World War, but underwent a renaissance in the mid 1980s. It is now a
popular expatriate haunt in Hong Kong for drinking, clubbing and dining. The
street Lan Kwai Fong is an L-shape with two ends joining with D'Aguilar Street.
Soho The Soho (Chinese: 蘇豪; also 荷南) district in Hong Kong is an entertainment
zone located in Mid-levels and bordering Sheung Wan, within the Central and
Western district. The name is derived from its location: South of Hollywood Road,
and it arguably extends up to and including Robinson Road. One of the easiest ways
of getting to Soho is through the Central-MidLevels escalator, which was built in
1993. It is said that the very existence of now vibrant Soho is attributed to the
creation of the escalator system, which at the time was the longest escalator
system in the world, and in fact prior to the escalator the area was populated by
many elderley locals, old go-downs and porcelain shops. The area now consists of
restaurants, bars, nightclubs, art galleries and antique stores of Staunton Street
and Elgin Street. Soho also is home to the first fulltime comedy club in Asia, The
TakeOut Comedy Club Hong Kong.[1] Hong Kong taxi drivers usually regard "Soho" to
mean either Staunton Street or Elgin Street. It's easier to say "Soho" than
"Standon gai", or "Elay gan gai." However just be sure you mention

77
"Central", or driver might take you to SOGO, a department store in a different
district. Buildings in the Soho area are a mix of commercial/residential, with the
commercial businesses on the lower floors, and residential above the First Floors.
Around the same time the Mid Levels Escalator was built, a few foreigners started
to move into the area, taking up both commercial premises and renting flats. At
the time the flats were cheaper than other expat areas in Hong Kong, and only a
few minutes walk from the business district. The name Soho was first mentioned in
a 1996 article in the South China Morning Post newspaper attributed to Elgin
Street restaurant owner, Thomas Goetz, who came up with the acronym. Goetz was
also instrumental in forming Soho's first business group, and The Soho Association
Limited (TSAL) was established in 1998 to represent it's members in relation to
difficulties they were experiencing with the local government departments in
relation to licencing, and to collectively promote the area. The first Chairman
was Jean-Paul Gauci, who had opened many businesses in the area. However, in 2000,
Democratic Party member Kam Nai-wai wanted to see Soho formally re-named the
"Elgin/Staunton Street Themed Dining Area", and Kam and some Long-term residents
associated the name Soho with being a place of disrepute, with red light district
associations. The irony is Elgin Street was known in the 1860s as "Hung Mo Giu
Gai," or "Foreign Girls Street," due to the vast number of European-staffed
brothels. It was renamed after Lord Elgin, British envoy to China, during the
Second Opium War (1857-1860).For several years the Democratic Party fought an
ongoing battle against the new bars and restaurants in the area, and also against
formal adoption of the name "Soho", preferring instead the descriptive
"Staunton/Elgin Street Themd Dinning Area", despite the fact that there were more
non restaurants businesses than restaurants! The apprehension is that use of the
name "Soho" will cause association with the London area of the same name. Ocean
Park

78
Ocean Park Hong Kong (traditional Chinese: 香港海洋公園; simplified Chinese: 香港海洋
公园; pinyin: Xiānggǎng Hǎiyáng Gōngyuán; Cantonese Yale: heung1 gong2 hoi2 yeung4
gung1 yuen4) is a Recreation Park in the Southern District of Hong Kong Island.
The marine-themed amusement park covers the area of Wong Chuk Hang and Nam Long
Shan, and is located in Hong Kong. Public can go to Ocean Park by taxi or Citybus.
The park, ranked 7th in 'The World’s Most Popular Amusement Parks’ by Forbes in
June 2006[1], had 4.38 million visitors in the fiscal year 2005/2006.[2] Ocean
Park also ranked 16th in the TEA/ERA Theme Park Attendance Report 2007 with
approximately 4.9 million visitors, higher than Hong Kong Disneyland at 21st place
with 4.1 million visitors.[3] It covers an area of 870,000 square metres.[4] The
different parts of the park are connected by a gondola lift system (or cable car
system), as well as the world's second longest outdoor escalator. The theme park
currently has over 14 rides and other attractions such as aquariums.[4] Besides
housing two roller coasters, Ocean Park also features a Giant panda exhibit, a
jelly fish and Chinese sturgeon aquarium, as well as a four-story aquarium
displaying more than 2000 fish. The official mascot of Ocean Park is "Whiskers"—a
waving sealion. Besides being an amusement park, Ocean Park Hong Kong also
operates observatories, well developed laboratories, an education department and a
Whales And Dolphins Fund. Ocean Park Hong Kong was the first institution in the
world to have success in artificial insemination of bottle nose dolphins, and
developed numerous new breeds of goldfish. In September 2007, Ocean Park Hong Kong
increased its ticket prices by 12% and 14% to take advantage of the Golden Week
Holidays. Kowloon Including New Kowloon • Hong Kong Art • Hong Kong Museum
Cultural Centre

•Kowloon Park •Nathan Road

• Hong Kong Science

79
• Avenue of Stars • Chungking Mansions • Clock Tower

• Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Centre • Hong Kong History Museum • Hong Kong
Observatory

•Ocean Terminal •The Peninsula Hotel

Museum • Hong Kong Space Museum • Star Ferry • Wong Tai Sin Temple

New Territories Including the Outlying Islands • Che Kung Temple • Hong Kong
Railway Museum • Cheung Chau • Hong Kong • Hong Kong Wetland Park Disneyland
Resort • Ngong Ping 360 • Hong Kong Heritage Museum Festivals • • • • • • •
Chinese New Year Tin Hau Festival Cheung Chau Bun Festival Buddha's Birthday
celebrations at Po Lin Monastery. Dragon boat Festival Halloween Christmas • Ping
Shan • Tai O • Tian Tan Buddha • Ting Kau Bridge • Tsing Ma Bridge • Tung Chung
Fort

Accessing Hong Kong To facilitate entry of visitors, various measures were

introduced in 2002. The quota of the Hong Kong Tour Group Scheme of Mainland
visitors has been abolished since January 2002. The number of Mainland travel
agents authorised to organize such tours has also

80
increased significantly. Nationals from some 170 countries can visit Hong Kong
visa free for period from seven days to 180 days. The Individual Visit Scheme
(IVS) was introduced on 28 July 2003. The Scheme has been gradually extended and
now covers Guangdong province, Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Tianjian and nine
cities in Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In 2006, over 6.6 million Mainland
citizens travelled to Hong Kong under the IVS, which is 20.2% more than 2005.mmm

CONTACT NUMBERS Hotels

Name of Hotel Garden Orchid Hotel Lantaka Hotel by the Sea Marcian Garden Hotel
Royal Azenith Hotel Blue Shark Hotel Hacienda de Palmeras Hotel & Restaurant Grand
AstoriaHotel Hotel Paradise Hotel Perlita Hotel Preciosa Hotel Salwa Imperial
Hotel Jardin de Ia Vina Hotel Skypark Hotel Yang's Hotel Zamboanga Hermosa Hotel
Address Gov. Camins Avenue NS. Valderrosa Street Gov. Camins Avenue Gov. Camins
Ave Canelar Sta. Maria Mayor Jaldon Street P. Reyes Street Mayor Jaldon Street
Mayor Jaldon Street Gov. Camins Avenue Campaner Street Gov. Alvarez Street Tomas
Claudio St. Tomas Claudjo St.. Mayor Jaldon Street Telephone Number 991-0031 991-
2033 991-2519 991-2023 991-0676 991-3284 991-2510 991-2026 993-0990 991-2020 991-
9849 991-1648 991-7808 992-0959 991-0138 991-2040

81
Restaurants
Name of Restaurant Alavar Seafood Restaurant Hai San Sea Food Market & Restaurant
Hanasono Japanese Restaurant Mano-Mano Greenfiled Restaurant Antonio’s Steak House
Chinito’s Patio Palmeras Kintaro 10th High La Vista Seaside Restaurant Lotus
Restaurant ATOA (A Taste of Asia) Park 88 Papito’s Grille Country Chicken Mi
Abuela Tsokolate Location Don Alfaro Street, Tetuan San Jose Road Garden Orchid
Hotel Gov. Ramos Ave. Sta. Maria Pasonanca Downtown Pasonanca Downtown Upper
Calarian Grand Astoria Hotel Unichan Bldg. Veterans Ave. Pasonanca Park Lunzuran
Rd. Tumaga Pasonanca Road La Purisima Valderosa Street Telephone Number 9912483
9915506 9910040 9922417 9914631 9933970 9913284 9911208 9912510 9924600 9919180
9851889 9911852 9920898

82
Alejandra’s Harry’s Grill Bar and Restaurant Aristocrat Luncheonette Jardin de la
Vina Restaurant

Nunez Extension Guiwan Canelar Gov. Alvares St.

9926714 9927518 9919988 9917808

Bus Companies
D’Biel La Virgen Milagrosa Transportation Company 9910138 Rural Bus Transit
9915098 NAME OF ESTABLISHMENT Biel Transportation Rural Bus Transit LOCATION San
Jose Road Guiwan TEL. NO. 991-3080 991-1931

Sightseeing and Tours

NAME OF ESTABLISHMENT Jasper Travel & Tour La Bella Travel & Tours, Inc. Royal
Achievers’ Travel Services Jambangan Tour & Travel Agency R. Air Services
Ticketing Office Turismo Insular Ticketing Office ADDRESS TEL. NO.

Rizal Street 991-3080 1F, Garden Orchid Hotel, 991-1931 Gov. Camins Avenue NS
Valderossa St., Zone 991-0904 IV NS Valderossa St., Zone 993-0345 IV 991-
2225/992ZIA, Baliwasan 7797 La Purisima Street 992-4486

83
Lantaka Hotel, NS 991-2033 Valderrosa Street 2F Yang’s Hotel Tomas Chiong
Ticketing Office 992-5658 Claudio St, Pink Sand General Services Canelar 993-1422
Pan-Asia World Holidays, Gov. Camins 991-9067 Inc. Terre-ne’ Travel & Tours ZIA,
Baliwasan 993-0680/991 Great Vacations Travel & 1F, Grand Astoria Hotel, 992-
0937/992Tours Climaco Avenue 3915 Z. New Globe Ticket Sales Climaco Avenue 992-
6716 Agency 2F, Yang’s Hotel, Tomas Benelie Travel & Tours 991-0138 Claudio Street
888 Distribution Marketing 3F, Sunflower Bldg 991-7488 Skyteam Zamboanga S
Valderrosa Street 991-5098 Services, Inc. Maxi Travel Services 2F, Mindpro
CitiMall 991-6294 2500 Business Center 2F Mindpro Citimall 991-2500 JP Airlines &
Shipping MCLL Highway, 992-7781 Ticketing Office Guiwan Peach Travel & Tours, Inc.
F, Marcian Garden Hotel 991-9067 RVJ Travel & Tour Baliwasan Moret 990-2734 993-
0488/993Philippine Airlines , Inc. ZIA, Baliwasan 2598 (fax) Aboitiz Transport
System Jasmin Tower 993-1130 Corporation Pilman Travel & Tour Rizal Street 992-
2338 Cebu Pacific Airlines Mr. John S. Alvarez 993-1145 Zamboanga Travel & Tour

84
RHODORA R. PUASO

In case of emergency, please contact _______________ at xxxxxxxx

85