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Reviewer MT 112-1 FINALS

______Leeway and current effects combine to produce most pronounce natural dynamic effects on a transiting vessel in addition these two error
combine to produce a steering error that causes additional error in the DR?
_______Find the course and distance to steam by plane sailing from a position off Porto Allegra (4820' N. 5 12' W.) to a position off San Seville (42
30' N. 2 00' W.).?
Mercator Sailing - It gives accurate results for long distances, more so when there is a very large change in the Latitude between the two positions.?
_______These are formed together with the intersection of the two great circles?
Gnomonic - The most common projection used in maritime navigation, primarily because of rhumb line plots as straight lines?
_______The vessel will be push to starboard and SOA will be slower than speed. Compensate by steering to port?
180 - 150 - The sum of all the angles in spherical triangle is equal to a figure between two angles to?
360 - The sum of the three sides of a spherical triangle must be less than?
Leeway - Is the leeward motion of a vessel due to that component of wind vector perpendicular to the vessels track.?
_______A vessel leaves lat. 52 21' N., long. 30 20' W., and by steering 270 T. at 10 knots for 24 hours, arrives in lat. 52 21' N., long. 36 00' W. Find
the set and drift.?
Dep = dlo x cos lat
d= s x t
_______Your position at 1436H on March 22, 2011 is 27 18 S, 53 22W (ZD +4). At 1454H on March 23, 2011, you are in position 31 13S, 42 32
W (ZD +3). Determine your course and speed by Mercator. ?
_______A vessel steers 225

and

akes a departure o 456.8

iles. ind the di erence o latitude

ade good by plane sailing?

Navigational - This book need to be registered sign and stamp by the Port of registration, usually at the Bridge and safely kept by the Officers where
important things are recorded every hour during navigation, special conditions, weather observation, voyage records, etc..?
Semi Diurnal Tide - There are usually two high and two low waters each day, but occasionally the tide may become diurnal. What kind of tide is it?
Mean High Water - The average height of all high water used for heights of land features?
Charted Depth - The vertical distance from the ocean bottom to the chart datum?
Low Tide - Your vessel goes aground on a soft mud; you would have the best chance of refloating it on the next high tide if it was grounded during?
_______Diurnal equalities which pertain to tides is the effect of?
Traverse Sailing - Combines plane sailing solutions when there are two or more courses and determines the equivalent course and distance made
good by a vessel steaming along a series of rhumblines.?
Parallel Sailing - The interconversion of departure and difference of longitude when a vessel is proceeding due east or due west.?
Plane Sailing - Solves problem involving a single course and distance, difference of latitude and departure, in which the earth is regarded as a plane
surface. This method therefore provides solution for latitude of a point of arrival, but not for longitude?

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Mercator Sailing - Provides a mathematical solution of the plot as made on a Mercator chart. It is similar to plane sailing, but uses meridional
difference and difference of longitude in place of difference of latitude and departure?
Tidal Range - The difference in height between consecutive high and low water?
Tides - The periodic rise and fall of the water resulting from gravitational interaction between sun, moon, and earth is called?
_______In order to predict the actual depth of water using the tides, the number obtained from the tide tables is?
_______The same as that used for the charts of the locality - The datum from which the predicted heights of tides are reckoned in the tide table is?
Rhumb Line - An i aginary line on the earths sur ace cutting all

eridians at the sa e angle, used to plot a ships course on a chart?

Relative bearing - It is an angle between the true north and the ships heading?
_______When the sun and the moon are in line but on opposite side of the earth they are said to be in what?
Duration - Is the time interval between a high water time and the preceding or following low water time at a particular place?
_______Depth of water can be measured electronically by the used of patent sounding machine or Echo sounding device. If this is not possible on
board ship then only one method is used manually to measure the depth by means of?
_______It can be seen that all meridians converge and intersect at the poles so that the East-West distance between any two meridians becomes
smaller as the latitude gets higher, this distance is called?
Rhumb Line - This is a line making the same angle with all meridians and parallels, which also maintain constant true directions.?
_______What do you understand about WGS84 written on the charts.?
120 - Limb of a sextant is graduated from 0up to _______ angles ?
First - In a sextant, how many adjustment screw is to be adjust in case of errors.?
ECDIS - Where passage plan using paper charts care should be taken when transferring the details of the plan to an ____________________.?
Recommended Route - A route of undefined width, for the convenience of ships in transit, which is often marked by the centerline buoys.?
Area to be avoided - An area in which either navigation is particularly hazardous or it is exceptionally important to avoid casualties and which should
be avoided by all ships, or by certain classes of ships.?
Inshore traffic zone - A designated sea area between the landward boundary of a traffic separation scheme and an adjacent coast.?
Traffic lane - An area where ships

ust navigate with particular caution and within which the direction o low o tra ic

aybe reco

ended.?

_______A vessel made a DLAT of 200.75 and a DEP of 286.7 miles. Find True course and distance by plane sailing?
_______Deter ine your initial course and great circle distance when going ro

1145N, Long. 12600E, to 1600 S, Long. 07834 W?

Spring Tides - Tides with higher high water and lower low water which occurs at times of full moon and new moon is called?
_______Nodal period is an important lunar cycle affecting the tidal cycle. At most places , the level used is the one to determine from a mean of a
number of low waters in period of?
_______Is the distance in miles between the DR and the fix divided by the number of hours since the DR was last reset? This is true regardless of the
number of changes of the course or speed since the last fix?

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______Used only one prominent object is available for fixing the position of the vessel, though not an accurate one?
_______Keep record of important things that happen on board ship, weather conditions, actual course or any changes of course steered, wind force
and direction, person on duty, important remarks pertaining to navigation, regulations, voyage records, etc..?

_______Estimated set o current is 075 degrees, dri t o three knots. Ships speed is 12 knots; ship course is 195 degrees true. What is the course
made good?
_______In the above question, what will be the SOA?
_______A ship sailing through the water on a course of 70 degrees speed 10 knots and the current is setting in the direction 130 degrees drift 3
knots. What will be the COG?
Straight - A Rhumbline makes the same angle with all meridian it crosses and appears as a ____________ on a Mercator Chart?
_______A vessel steams 090 T. from long. 35 25' W. to long. 28 53' W. How far did she steam if the latitude was 41 20.5' N.?
Parallel Sailing - This kind of sailing is to be used when finding the course and distance between two position which are in difference of latitude and
distances and is in practice employed in preference to the alternative methods as its involved less calculation?
_______Find by plane sailing the D.R. position if a vessel steams from a position off Esbjerg (5528'N. 750' E.), on a course of 248 T and for 95
miles.?
DMP - The length of any piece of the meridian between two parallels of latitude on a Mercator chart expressed in units of the longitude scale is
known as the ________________between two parallels?
Latitude - The DMp between two places may be found if the meridional parts of the ___________ are known. ?
5 - To expressed the adjacent side i.e. The side along the meridian a value is called the meridional part for the latitude and it is tabulated on the
Useful Tables number_______ of Meridional Parts?
Great Circle - It takes advantage of shorter distance along the great circle between two points rather than the longer rhumblined ?
Latitude - In PARALLEL SAILING: The Angle is made equal to the _______________?
_______When the distance between two places is outside the limit of 600 miles, the course cannot be found accurately enough by plane sailing
methods, and the course and distance is then Calculated on the ______________ principle.?
Estimated Position - Is a DR position corrected for the effects of leeway, steering error and current?
Leeway Angle - Is the angular difference between a vessel course and the track due to the effect of wind in moving a vessel bodily to leeward. This is
also same as drift angle?
Speed over ground - Is the actual ships speed with respect to the earth along the COG ?
Course made good - Is the resultant direction from a given point of departure to a point of arrival. The direction of the net movement from one point
to another, disregarding any intermediate course changes en route?
_______A vessel heading due east ro

Lat. 34S, Long. 12730E, arrives in Long. 15037 E. ind the total distance run using parallel sailing?

Heading - Constantly change as the vessel yaws back and forth across the course, due to sea, wind and steering error.?
______The vessel will be pushed to port and SOA will be slower than speed. Compensate by steering to starboard or right?
Time, speed, and direction - The Navigator is concerned of two things about the tide as it affects access to shallow ports. What are those?

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Estimated track made good - The direction of the straight line from the last fix to the EP is?
_______If the relative bearing of the target/ship on Stbd. Side is 40 and her true bearing is 320, what is the heading of your vessel?
6076.12 - What is the equivalent of one nautical mile into feet?
Departure - In PLANE SAILING: The hypotenuse is made equal to the _____________?
_______This projection possesses many navigational advantages. In particular, it has the important feature of preserving shape- this means that the
navigator can lay off courses and bearings at their true angles to the meridian?
DLAT - In PLANE SAILING: The side adjacent to the angle is made equal to the _____________?
_______A survey ship in position 45-30`N, 015-20W stea ed North or 48
plane sailing?

iles and then stea ed East or 60

iles. ind her arrival position by

DEPARTURE - In PLANE SAILING: The side opposite to the angle is made equal to the _______________?
1.852 M - A Geographical mile is constant and measures a length of ?
_______A vessel steams 225 T. 800 n. miles and then 135T. 800 n. miles. From lat. 10 00' S., long. 00 00'. In what position did she arrive by
Mercator sailing?
Mean Latitude - It is the arithmetical mean of the two latitudes, but Middle Latitude takes into account the convergence of the earth.?
Departure - The distance between two meridians at any parallel of latitude, expressed in distance units, usually nautical miles. It represents distance
made good east or west as a vessel proceeds from one point to another.?
DLAT - It is the angular length of arc of any meridian between their parallels between two places. It is the numerical difference if the places are on
the same side of the equator; and It is the sum of the latitudes if the places are on opposite sides of the equator.?
Longitude - It is the angular distance between the prime meridian and the meridian of a point on the earth, measured eastward or westward from the
prime meridian through 180.?
Meridional Parts - It is the increased length of the meridians on a Mercator chart measured from the equator to the parallel and expressed in minutes
of the Longitude scale.?
Tidal Phenomenon - Are periodic motions of the waters of the sea due to changes in the attractive forces of the moon and the sun upon the rotating
earth? ?
12 25 - A lunar or tidal day is equivalent to duration of how many solar days?
Neap Tide - The high water is lower and the low water is higher. Occurs during 3rd and 1st quarter. When the sun and the moon are 90 degrees of
each other, what kind of tide?
Spring Tide - To be used to find the course and distance between two positions which are not in the same latitude, and when the distance is small.?
_______Calculate the true course and distance from 05 20' N., 79 05' E., to 24 20' S., 112 03' E. By Mercator sailing.?
Plane Sailing - This kind of Sailing is to be used to find the course and distance between two positions which are not in the same latitude and when
the distance is small that the surface of the earth is considered as a plane.?
Plane Sailing - This method therefore provides solution for latitude of the point of arrival but not for longitude?
Departure - In PARALLEL SAILING: And the side adjacent to the angle is made equal to the ___________?

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Plane Sailing - This is not to be used for distances of more than a few hundred miles?
_______Find the course and distance between the following positions. A 37 01' N 9 00' W. B 36 11' N.

6 02' W. By plane sailing.?

Departure - The distance measured along the parallel of latitude between two given meridian is a called _______________ and expressed in nautical
miles.?
Dlong - In PARALLEL SAILING: The hypotenuse is made equal to the ___________________?
Flood - The horizontal movement of the water toward the land after the low tide is called what type of tide?
All low waters - Mean low water is correctly defined as the average height of?
_______The principal tidal forces are generated by the moon and the sun. The moon is the main tide-generating body. Due to its greater distance, the
suns e ect is only about how any percent o the oons?
Rising - he ter

lood tide re ers to that ti e when the water level is?

Speed of Advcance - Is the speed intended to be made good along the track. Also used to designate the average speed that must be made good to
arrive at a destination at a specified time?
Course over ground - Is the actual path of the vessel with respect to the earth?
Speed of Advance - Speed estimated by dividing the distance between the last fix and an EP by the time between fix and EP?
_______Ship heading is 125 T and a ship bearing 30 on port side was observed, what is the true bearing of the vessel?
Currents direction - The current of water is said to be setting on a direction, what do you understand by set?
Currents Speed - And the term drift is said to be what?
Leeway - Leeward

otion o a vessel due to the e ect o wind vector perpendicular to the vessels track?

Departure - The angular distance between these two given meridian expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds of an arc is called the
__________________?
Mercator Sailing - It is similar to plane sailing but uses meridional difference (DMp) and the difference of longitude (Dlo) in place of Difference of
Latitude (Dlat) and Departure.?
Longitude - Is the angular distance East or west of the Greenwich meridian measured along the equator to the meridian passing thru the place?
Parallel Sailing - Is the inter-conversion of departure and difference of longitude when a vessel is proceeding due east or due west?
45% - The principal tidal forces are generated by the moon and the sun. The moon is the main tide-generating body. Due to its greater distance, the
suns e ect is only __________ o the oon.?
Charts - Are graphic representations of areas of the earth for use in navigation?
_______ the oceans are made up of several separate oscillating basins. As such basins are acted upon by tide producing forces, some respond more
readily to daily or diurnal forces, others to semi-diurnal forces, and others almost equally to both. Hence tide is classified into how many types
according to characteristic of tidal pattern. ?
Accuracy and completeness - The complete passage plan as displayed on the electronic chart display system is checked for _______________ before
it is used.?
Perigean Tide - The tide that occurs when the moon is at the point in its orbit nearest the earth is a/an:?

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Cylindrical - The Mercator is the most common projection used by mariners nowadays, frequently used for charting system and maritime navigation;
it is classified as a ____________projection upon a plane.?
Composite Sailing - It is a combination or modification of great circle sailing, then parallel and again great circle sailing to complete the passage plan
or route?
Tide - The navigator is concern with the ti e, speed and direction o water that will a ect ships position speed and course. One o this is the vertical
rise and fall of water called the ___________?
Gnomonic - If a plane is tangent to the earth and points are projected geometrically from the center of the earth, the result is a ___________
projection.?
________What is the meaning of DMAHTC?
_______As the differential attractive force due to the moon is approximately twice that of the sun it should be apparent that tides are more
influenced by the moon. So tide is based on Lunar day. The interval between two successive high waters is about.?
Spring Tide - When the sun and the moon are in line either at new moon or full moon, the maximum tide raising forces occur. This maximum force
produces Highest high water and the Lowest low water and these are referred to as_____________.?
Plane Sailing - To be used in finding the course and distance between two positions which are not in the same latitude, and when the distance is
small?
Peregean Tide - The smallest range of tide which happen when the sun and the moon are at right angle to each other or quadrature. In this
configuration the smaller attractive forces of the sun oppose the larger attractive forces of the moon. This is called______________?
Rhumb Line - This is a line making the same angle with all meridians. Meridians and parallels, which also maintain constant true directions.?
Chart Datum - On modern chart, _____________is normally place at the level of the Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) which is the lowest level which
can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions.?
Parallel sailing - The angle is made equal to the Latitude. The hypotenuse is made equal to the D. Long. And the side adjacent to the angle is made
equal to the Departure.?
Tidal Datum - There number of such reference that are important to Mariners. What is a level from which tide are measured.?
Harbour charts - Charts are intended for navigation and anchorage in harbor and small waterways. Scale is generally larger 1:50,000?
Coastal Charts - Charts that are intended for coastal navigation outside of outlying reefs and shoals?
Slack water - From low water the tide begin to rise slowly at first, but at an increasing rate until it is about halfway to high water . The rate of rise
then decrease until high water is reach and the rise ceases. When there is no apparent change in tide what do you call it?
DLAT - It is the difference between two places of latitude and it is the angular length of arc of any meridian between their parallels?
Latitude - Is the angular distance from the equator measured northward or southward along the meridian from 0-90 N or S?
Deep water route - A route which has been accurately surveyed for clearance of sea bottom and submerged articles.?
Roundabout - A separation point or circular zone and a circular traffic lane within defined limits.?
Traffic Lane - Areas within defined limits in which one-way traffic flows are established.?
Flood Tide - In a few estuaries , the advance of the low water trough is so much retarded that the crest of the rising tide overtakes the low, and
advances upstream as a breaking wave called a_________?

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_______Involves the solution of courses , distances and points along a great circle between two points, the earth being regarded as a sphere.?
Entering or leaving - Tides can either help or hinder Mariner. A high tide may provide enough water to clear a bar, while low tide may prevent the
vessel from ______________a harbor.?
_______It is between two places on the same side of the equator is half the sum of their latitudes. It is labeled north or south to indicate whether it is
north or south of the equator. When the places are on the opposite sides of the equator two of these are used.?
Chart Datum - On modern chart, _____________is normally place at the level of the Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) which is the lowest level which
can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions.?
Deeparture - It represents distance between two meridians at any parallel of latitude, express in distance units usually nautical miles. It represents
distance made good east or west as a vessel proceeds from one point to another. ?
Harbour Charts - Smallest scale charts use for planning, fixing position at sea and for plotting the dead reckoning while proceeding on a long voyage?
______There number of such reference that are important to Mariners. What is a level from which tide are measured.?
longitudeIs the angular distance between the prime meridian and the meridian of a point on the earth, measured eastward or westward from the
prime meridian through 180.?
DLAT - It is the numerical difference of the longitudes of the two places, if on opposite sides it is the numerical sum unless this exceeds 180 when it is
360.It may be designated east or west when appropriate.?
Mercator Sailing - It is similar to plane sailing, but use meridional difference of longitude in place of difference of latitude and departure respectively.
Provides mathematical solution of the plot as made on the Mercator chart. ?
Parallel Sailing - Combines the plane sailing solutions when there are two or more courses. This sailing is a method of determining the equivalent
course and distance made good by a vessel steaming along a series of rhumb lines.?
_______Find course and distance by Mlat sailing from A,lat. 37 01' N, long. 009 00' W., to B, lat. 36 11' N., long. 006 02' W. ?
Tidal Current - One of the main factors that affects the navigators is maintain her course and speed along rivers and estuaries are cause by the
horizontal flow of water which is____________.?
Intende Voyage - Should be plan prior to departure using appropriate and available corrected charts and publication?
Fuel, Lubricant, water - The Master should check that the tracks laid down are safe, and the Chief Engineer should verified that the ship has sufficient
________,_________ and ____________ for the intended voyage.?
1681 - Pierre Vernier, a Frenchman, about the year ________ develop vernier or small arc which gives in greater detail the measurement of a large
scale.?
2 high 1 low - In the mixed tide, the diurnal and semi-diurnal oscillations are both important factors and the tide is characterized by large inequality in
the water heights, low water heights or in both. How many high and low water occur in this type.?
Petitcodiac - Bores are large and dangerous at times when tidal range is large and mere ripples at those times of the month when range is small.
Example happen in __________?
New and full moon - Neap tide occurs during quadrature when the sun and the moon are at right angle and during ___________.?
st

rd

1 and 3 - Spring tide occurs when the sun and the moon are in conjunction meaning sun and the moon are on the same side of the earth. It
happens during ___________.?
_______A vessel steams 090 T. from long. 35 25' W. to long. 28 53' W. How far did she steam if the latitude was 41 20.5' N.? Parallel sailing

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_______Find the Dlat and Dep from point A-B i the course is 336 and Distance is 498

iles. Plane sailing

_______A vessel steams 225 T. 800 n. miles, and then 135T. 800 n. miles. from lat. 10 00' S., long. 00 00'. In what position did she arrive by
Mercator sailing?
_______Calculate by mercator sailing method the true course and distance from A, lat. 40 10' N., long. 09 45' W., to B, lat. 10 15' N., long. 18 11'
W.?
Mean High Water - Is the average height of all high waters at a given place over a 19 year period. Any other high water datum in used in charts is
likely to be higher than this.?
Admiralty Tide Tables - Where do Mariners base their tidal prediction?
_______Low water heights are always additive to the charted depth. LW heights preceded by minus sign indicate that LW ________________and that
the charted depth is reduced at LW.?
_______Can Pulau in Indonesia which is a secondary port, be in the tidal curve of Cebu, Philippines for taking tidal predictions.?
Table 4 - Standard port is usually taken in which part of ATT?
_______A vessel steams 210 T. 750 nautical miles from 29 30' N.,162 20' E. In what position did she arrive by Mercator sailing?
_______Times on the Admiralty Tide tables for Standard port are base on ;?
Archipelagic sea lane - Sea lanes designated for the continuous and expeditious passage of ships through archipelagic waters.?
Traffic separation scheme - A routeing measure aimed at the separation of opposing streams of traffic by establishing traffic lanes.?
Reflection - On the optical principles of a sextant that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of ____________.?
_______In Admiralty tide tables, each standard port and secondary port are assigned with different __________.?
Height of tide - Is the vertical distance measured from chart datum to the actual water level.?
Rise of tide - Is the vertical distance measured from LW to the actual water level.?
_______In what latitude will a d.long. of 3 40' correspond to a departure of 120 nautical miles by parallel sailing?
_______Find the course and distance between the following positions. A 37 01' N 9 00' W. B 36 11' N.

6 02' W. By plane sailing.?

1851 - Sailing direction are based on extensive data collection and compilation efforts begun by Matthew Fontaine beginning of what year?
Shoal - What is the tendency of dredged channel to happen if it is surrounded by sand or mud and cross current do exist.?
________I the ship local ti e is 1330 hrs. Oct. 08, 2011 and you are in 172deg 30
________I GM ti e is 1545 hrs. and the vessel is in long. 82 deg 30

ins.E. ind the GM ti e?

ins. W what would be ships local ti e?

________i the ships local ti e is 1500 hrs. July 7, 2011 at zone ti e +1000 hrs. what will be the local ti e in zone ti e -0300 hrs.?
Margin of error - Heights of terrestrial features are usually referred on nautical charts to a high water datum. This gives the mariner a _____________
when passing under bridge.?
Mean sea Level - In some areas where there is little or no tide, such as the Baltic sea, _______________ is used as chart datum. This is the average
height of the surface of the sea for all High water datum.?

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Mean high water spring - What do you mean by MHWS?
Mean high water neap - If the high water tide is below mean high water , the level is called____________.?
Mercator Sailing - It gives accurate results for long distances, more so when there is a very large change in the Latitude between the two positions.?
Tangent or Slow motion screw This screw when turned enables the observer to measure angles more deliberately and accurately than would be
possible by simply sliding the index arm across the arc.?
Sextant parallax - An error which would be cause by the horizon glass not being perpendicular the plane of the instrument?
Passage Planning - It is necessary to support the Bridge team and ensure that the ship can be navigated safely between ports from berth to berth.
Should cover ocean, coastal and pilotage waters.?
Navigational equipment and publication - In most deep sea ships, it is customary for the Master to delegate the initial responsibility for preparing the
passage plan to the Officer responsible for _________________.?