DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY DASMARINAS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

Experiment no. 4
Dc shunt motor

Submitted by:
Gerardo, mizhar l.
ECE41

8-07-14
8-14-14

Submitted to:
Engr. harMon j. solante
Instructor
I.

Objectives

II.

To study the torque vs. speed characteristic of a shunt wound DC motor and
calculate its efficiency.

Conceptual work
The speed of any DC motor depends directly on its armature voltage and the
strength of its magnetic field. The field winding in a shunt motor is in parallel with
the armature winding and the DC supply. If the DC line voltage is constant, the
armature voltage will be constant and thus the magnetic field strength will be
constant. This consistency leads to a reasonably constant speed of operation.
The speed does tend to drop with increasing load on the motor. This drop in
speed is a result of resistive losses in the armature winding. Shunt motors with low
armature winding resistance tend to have nearly constant speed of operation.
As with any energy conversion device, the DC shunt motor is not 100%
efficient. Not all of the electric energy supplied to the motor is converted into useful
work (mechanical power). The difference between electrical power supplied and
mechanical power available at the shaft is lost in the form of heat inside the motor.
Losses occur in the DC resistance of the field and armature windings, in the

magnetic circuit that couples field and armature windings, in the friction and
windage of the rotating armature and in the resistance of the brush contacts on the
commutator. Losses increase as the load on the motor increases, resulting in
significant heating of the motor at full load.
III. Circuit diagram

Iii. MATERIALS
Power Supply Module

Hand Tachometer

DC Metering Module

DC Motor Module

iV. PROCEDURES
CAUTION! High voltages are present in this Experiment. DO
NOT make any connections with the power supply ON. Get in the
habit of turning OFF the power supply after every measurement.
1. Connect the circuit. DO NOT APPLY POWER AT THIS TIME
2. Set the shunt field rheostat control knob at its full clockwise position, for
maximum field excitation. Make sure the brushes are in their neutral position
(90 and 0).
3. Set the Electrodynamometer control knob (or Prime Mover/Dynamometer
control knob) at its full counterclockwise position (minimum load). Note that
the Dynamometer will require a power source.

4. Turn on the power supply and adjust the voltage control to 120 V DC. Note
the direction of rotation. If it is not clockwise, turn OFF the power supply and
swap the connections across the shunt field. Then turn on the power supply.
5. Adjust the field rheostat counterclockwise for a no load motor speed of 1800
rpm as indicated by the tachometer. Double check the voltmeter to ensure
the source voltage is 120 V DC. Once the source voltage and no load speed
are set, DO NOT change the field rheostat setting for the remainder of
this experiment section.
6. Measure and record the line current as indicated by the ammeter for the no
load condition at 1800 rpm.
7. Apply a load to the motor by turning the dynamometer control clockwise until
the torque reading is 3 pound inches (lbf-in) or 0.35 Newton-meters.
Adjust the DC voltage control to maintain 120 V as necessary.
8. Measure and record the line current and motor speed for the 3 lbf-in load
condition.
9. Increase the load to 6, 9 and 12 lbf-in, taking speed and current
measurements at each point. Record them in the table provided above.
10. Return the voltage control to zero percent and turn OFF the power supply.
11. Plot the recorded points on the graph below and connect them with a smooth
curve.
The completed graph represents a speed torque curve for the DC shunt
motor.
12. Calculate the speed regulation of the motor using the following equation:
RPM (No Load) - RPM (Full Load)
Speed Reg. = -------------------------------------------- x 100 %
RPM (Full Load)
Note: Full load for this motor is 9 Lbf in.
13. Now set the dynamometer control to its full clockwise position to maximize
the starting load for the motor. Do NOT adjust the field rheostat.
14. Turn on the DC power supply and increase the voltage control until the motor
draws 3 amps of starting current. The motor will turn very slowly or not at all.
15. Measure and record the DC voltage and the torque developed.

16. Return the voltage control to zero percent and turn off the power supply.
17. The line current drawn by the motor in step 14) above is limited only by the
equivalent DC resistance of the armature winding and field windings.
Calculate the value of the starting current drawn by the motor if full line
voltage, 120 V DC, were applied:

V. DATA AND RESULTS

Source(V)
Line Current
Speed (rpm)
120V
1.21 A
1800
120v
1.95 a
1781
120v
2.71 A
1773
120v
3.9 a
1727
120v
4.8 a
1461
Speed Regulation = 23.2%
V = 120 Volts DC
Torque = 0.85 Lbf in or N-m.
Starting Current at 120 V DC = 1.21 Amps

Torque
0nm, 0lbf.in
0.35 nm,3 lbf.in
0.7 nm, 6 lbf.in
1.05 nm, 9 lbf.in
1.4 nm, 12 lbf.in

Speed
1800

1600
1400

VI.observation

Torque (lbf.in)
0

12

Electrodynamometer measures torque. A DC current is applied to the stator

winding generating a magnetic field that passes through the stator and the rotor. The
strength of the stator magnetic field can be increased or decreased by the front panel
control. The electrodynamometer is calibrated in Newton-meters (Nm).
When electric voltage is supplied to the shunt DC motor, due to high resistance
of the shunt winding, it draws very low current. The higher number of turns of the shunt
winding helps in generating a strong magnetic field. The armature draws high current,
thus also generating a high magnetic field. The motor starts rotating as the magnetic
field of the armature and shunt winding interact. As the magnetic fields grow stronger,
rotational torque will increase, thus resulting in an increase of rotational speed of the
motor.

A shunt DC motor has a feedback mechanism that controls its speed. As the
armature rotates in a magnetic field, it induces electricity. This EMF is generated in a
reverse direction, thus limiting the armature current. So the current through the
armature is decreased and speed of the motor is self-regulated. The shunt winding
cannot bear high current at starting like a series motor because of its fine wire build, so
shunt motors are used to handle small shaft loads that only need low torque initially.
The power difference between the motor input and the output is dissipated in
form of heat and constitutes to the losses of the machine. These losses increase with
load, since the motor heats up as it delivers mechanical power.

VII. question and answer

1. Calculate the horsepower, HP, developed by the shunt wound DC motor
when the load torque is 9 Lbf in (1.05 N-m):
HP = (RPM)(Lbf in)(1.59) / 100,000 OR HP = (RPM)(N-m)(14.07)
100,000

Hp= (1727) ( 9 lbf.in) (1.59)/100k = 0.247 HP

2. Based on the result above and knowing that 1 HP equals 746 Watts, what
is the power developed by the motor in watts?
P(watts)= 0.247 HP * (746Watts) = 184.262 watts

3. What is the input power to the motor, in watts, as calculated using the
voltage and current from the table for 9 Lbf in of load?
P=iv=(3.9a)(120v)= 468watts
4. Using the input and output power in watts, calculate the efficiency of the
motor at full load.
Efficiency, = 100% (P-out) / (P-in)
=(184.262/468)(100) = 39.37%

5. What are the losses, in watts, for the motor at full load? List some of the
types of losses which occur in DC motors.
Copper Losses, Iron Losses and friction losses
6. Will losses decrease if a cooling fan is mounted on the shaft of the motor?
Explain:
Yes, losses increase as temperature increases because The resistance
decreases.

7. How much larger is the starting current than the full load current?
It depends on what type of DC motor and how big how heavy the rotor it
has.

viii. CONCLUSION:
A DC motor in simple words is a device that converts direct current (electrical
energy) into mechanical energy. DC Motors operate on direct current. As such, the
field windings and armature are connected in a parallel combination, and in electrical
terminology a parallel combination is known as a shunt. the speed of the shunt motor is
independent of the shaft load. As the load to the motor increases, the speed of the
motor slows down instantaneously. Slowing down the speed reduces the back EMF,
which in turn increases the current in armature branch. This results in the increase of
the motor speed. On the other hand, if load is decreased, then motor speed will rise
instantaneously. This in turn will increase the counter EMF, thus reducing current to the
motor. Gradually the motor will reduce it's speed. Therefore, it is conclude that the
experiment was a success since we were able to study the torque vs. speed characteristic
of a shunt wound DC motor and calculate its efficiency.