19 Ret 670 Ied PDF

Gunnar Stranne
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005
Rio de Janeiro
April 23-25, 2006
2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne
Transformer
protection IED
RET 670
Transformer protection IED RET670

Introduction features and applications
Differential protection functions
Restricted Earth Fault protection
function
High Impedance Differential protection
function
Some additional functions and
application examples
Preconfigured ready-made packages

Summary and conclusions

2
Benefits of RET670 outstanding features

Half cycle operating time a new performance standard!
One or two differential functions
Differential function compensated automatically for tap
changer position for improved sensitivity
An additional sensitive and fast differential function
based on negative sequence current - ~1% sensitivity
High impedance or low impedance restricted earth-fault
differential protection for each winding
Possibility to use multi - CT arrangements for increased
differential protection stability
Tap changer control
Breaker control , measuring, monitoring and recording

3
Applications
Power transformers, including
autotransformers, reactors and
generator transformer blocks
Two or three vector group (or
winding) transformers
Single- or multi circuit breaker
arrangements
Up to six stabilized 3-phase

current inputs

4
Three-winding Transformer
Three-winding variant up to
6 restraint three-phase CT
inputs
Ensures enhanced throughfault stability for multibreaker arrangements
Tap changer control

5
Auto Transformer
Phased segregated
biased differential
protection for
Autotransformers in 1 CB
applications
Serial and common
windings
Up to 4 three-phase CT
inputs

6
Phase Shifting Transformer

Transformer key data
1400 MVA
400/ 400 kV
+-25
1200 tons
32 MUSD contract
Project aspects
Cooperation between End
User, Relay Manufacturer &
PST Manufacturer is of
outmost importance
Cooperation required in the

very early design stage of the
project

7
Shunt Reactor Protection And Control

Protection
Phase segregated biased
differential protection
High-impedance
differential protection
Over/under-voltage
protection
Switching control for lines

and busses
RET 670 is optimized for each

application with maximum reliability
and short operating time
8
Step-up Transformer In Power Stations

Overall differential
protection of a generator
transformer unit
Differential protection for
the step-up transformer
and/or the auxiliary
transformer
Back-up protection
functionality

9
Complementary Protection Functions

Full scheme distance
Overcurrent 19 inverse
Thermal overload
Breaker failure
Voltage functions with
high reset ratio
RET 670 fits all power system elements that

require unit and additional protection functionality

10
Differential Protection
Two-winding or three-winding functions
Two-winding variant up to 4 three-phase CT inputs
Enhanced through-fault stability for multi-breaker arrangements
Three-winding variant up to 6 three-phase CT inputs
Enhanced through-fault stability for multi-breaker arrangements

11
Transformer Protection Terminal

Differential Protection of 2- winding Power Transformers
2- winding power transformer
2- winding power transformer with
unconnected delta tertiary winding
2 circuit breakers on primary side
2 circuit breakers on secondary side
- winding power transformer with

2 circuit breakers on both sides
12
Transformer Protection Terminal

Differential Protection of 3- winding Power Transformers
3- winding power transformer
with all 3 windings connected
2 circuit breakers on (any) one side,
(e.g. 2 parallel power lines on one side)

2 circuit breakers on 2 out of 3 sides,
(e.g. a meshed power network)
Note! Also 3-out of 3 with 2 breakers is
possible.
13
A differential current does not always mean there is a
fault in the transformer
Inrush current in power transformers
Saturation of current transformers
Overexcitation
Tap changer position
etc.
Means of coping with these situations must be

included in the design

14
Ability is included to handle two tap changers, i.e. one
tap changer per winding on any two windings
Functionality
Three-section settable restrain characteristic
High set unrestrained operation
Idiff
Idunre
Unrestrained operation
operate
1.0 pu
restrain
Idmin
1.25 pu
15
Ibias
Transformer Inrush Current Stabilization

Second harmonic stabilisation
Wave form stabilisation
wave block
CT saturation cause a second

harmonic component in the
secondary current
Transformer inrush currents contain a percentage of second

harmonic current. This is used for discrimination but second
harmonic blocking normally causes delayed operation in case of
CT saturation. It is also possible to monitor the shape of the
differential current signal. The low-current gap measurement
indicates inrush.
16
Transformer Inrush Current Stabilisation

Internal fault followed by CT saturation
Delayed trip of
the restrained
differential
function due to
the traditional
use of second
harmonic blocking
(Set level 15 %)

17
Overvoltage Stabilization
The fifth
harmonic
component
is used for
stabilization
Magnetizing current at
system overvoltage
iL1
iL2
iL3
0
-1
-2
-3
The fifth harmonic component appears

as a characteristic quantity in the transformer
magnetizing current during overvoltage.

18
DIFP- application
Two- and three winding applications

Stabilization of up to 6 inputs
Inrush current stabilization
Second harmonic
Waveform
Phase segregated
Selectable Cross-blocking
5th harmonic stabilization at overvoltage
Sensitivity influenced by tap changer

position (selectable)
Selectable subtraction of zero sequence
currents
19
Blocking condition:
2nd harmonic, 5th harmonic
waveblock, cross block
Neg Seq Int / internal
Ext Fault
Discriminator sensitive
restrained
&
&
TRIP
unrestrained
START

20
Testing RET670 for maximum performance

Fault detection in 7 ms!

21
Negative sequence current differential function

Internal / external fault discriminator
Based on the measurement of negative sequence current

22

Before comparison, all negative sequence currents are
compensated for turns ratio and vector group phase displacement
External fault: 180relative phase displacement
Internal fault: 0relative phase displacement
IminNegSeq
2% - 20%
Default 4%
NegSeqROA
30 120
Default 60

23

An internal fault with heavy CT saturation
Directional Comparison Criterion: Internal fault as seen from the HV side
90
excursion
from 0 degrees
due to
CT saturation
60
120
35 ms
30
150
180
external
fault
region
0.5 kA
210
330
1.0 kA
definitely
an internal
fault
240
300
1.5 kA
trip command
in 12 ms
Internal
fault
declared
7 ms after
internal
fault
occurred
270
HV side contribution to the total negative sequence differential current in kA
Directional limit (within the region delimited by 60 degrees is internal fault)
24
Negative Sequence Differential Protection

An internal small transformer interturn fault was cleared by Buckholz relay and
existing differential protection failed to detect fault
Test of RET 670 with recorded signals proved successful
Directional Comparison Criterion: Internal fault as seen from the HV side
90
If one or
the other
of currents
is too low,
then no
measurement
is done
60 (negSeqROA = 60 deg)
120
150
30
180
External
fault
region
20 A
210
10
19
330
steady-state
position
for this
internal
fault
Internal fault
declared
12 ms after
fault
30 A
40 A
240
50 A
300
270
Contribution to total neg. seq. diff. current from HV side (in A)
Directional limit (within negSeqROA degrees is internal fault)

25
Negative sequence current function - summary

Fast operating times half cycle
Start from ordinary differential protection
required, but blocking conditions are bypassed
Sensitive negative sequence protection
Gives sensitive turn-to-turn fault protection
The trip request must be confirmed several
times in succession before the final trip request
is placed this security feature causes an
increase in the operating time
The operating time is about 30ms for very lowlevel turn-to-turn faults
This sensitive negative sequence protection is
blocked for high fault current conditions
26
Restricted Earth Fault Protection

Operate characteristic
diff current
in pu
minimum base sensitivity 50 %

default base sensitivity 30 %
maximum base sensitivity 5 %
Step : 1 % transformer
rated current
0
6

27
1.25 pu
bias current in per unit

Internal fault
External fault
zone of protection
IL1
IL1
IL2
IL2
IL3
IL3
3I0
IN
IFAULT
IN
IFAULT
zone of protection
IN
3I0
internal fault
3I0
external fault
ROA
MTA
reference is
neutral current
-IN
operate for
internal fault
IN
ROA
restrain for
external fault
3I0
ROA
MTA
operate for
internal fault
ROA
-IN
restrain for
external fault
reference is
neutral current

28
Switch-on-to-fault
Built-in logic to improve operating speed for
switch-on-to-fault condition
Possible to record the differential currents and/or bias
current by the disturbance recorder channels 31-40
Differential currents
Instantaneous or RMS
Bias current
RMS

29
3I0 < 3% of Ibase

IN > 50% of Idset
Directional
check
TRIP
START

30

Up to 4 three-phase CT inputs makes it possible to
handle autotransformers in 1 CB applications
Enhanced function for autotransformer applications
I1
I2
I3
I3P
I1
I2
I3
I3P
I1
I2
I3

31
I3P
I1N
REFx
I1
I3PRI1
I3PRI2
I3SEC1
I3SEC2

Switch-on-to-fault
Built-in logic to improve operating speed for
switch-on-to-fault condition
Possible to record differential currents and/or bias
current by the disturbance recorder
Differential currents
Instantaneous or RMS
Bias current
RMS

32
High Impedance Differential Protection

Three instances 1 or 3 high impedance differential
External stabilizing resistors & metrosils are used
Typical applications
High impedance REF Restricted Earth Fault protection
Tee - feeder differential protection
Bus differential

33
Overexcitation Protection
V/Hz measurement
Positive sequence or single phase-to-phase voltage
Transformer magnetic core cooling time constant setting
IEEE inverse time and User defined trip curves available
Alarm level as percentage of trip level

34
Thermal Overload protection function
49-1
Ith
86/94
I->O
49-1
Ith

35
Two thermal overload functions

Tripping of load will give cooling
chance to restore normal
temperatures.
Settable thermal time constants for
short circuits and low overloads
Measures RMS current
Lockout reset level (in % of heat content
trip value)
86/94
I->O
Alarm levels 1 and 2 (each in % of

heat content trip value)
TOF/TUF/RVF(df/dt) Frequency Protection

Over-frequency and under-frequency
Six steps OF & UF settable frequency and time delay
Measures Ph-Ph or Positive sequence voltage
Under-voltage blocking
Df/dt with positive or negative derivative setting
High accuracy
Short operating time
Accuracy 2 mHz for three phase
Accuracy 10 mHz for single phase
Voltage dependent tripping time possible!

36
Frequency Protection - Applications

Under frequency
Load shedding systems
Remedial action schemes
Over frequency
Generation shedding
Rate-of-change of frequency
Generation shedding
Load shedding

37
Six Pre-configured RET 670 - Ready To Use

RET 670-A30 Two winding transformer, single circuit
breaker
RET 670-B30 Two winding transformer, multi circuit
breaker (1 CB or double CB on either, or both, sides
of the transformer)
RET 670-A20 Three winding transformer, single circuit
breaker
breaker, current and voltage inputs
breaker (1 CB or double CB on any, or all, sides of
the transformer)
RET670 B40 Three winding transformer, multi circuit

breaker (1 CB or double CB on any, or all, sides of
the transformer)

38
Two Winding Transformer Single Circuit Breaker

RET 670-A30
DR
50BF
3I>BF
50/51-1
3I>
51N-1
86/94
I->O
87N-1
Ind>
87T
3Id/I>
52PD
PD
87N-2
Ind>
59N
UN
24
U/f>
59N
UN
59
3U>
51N-2
50BF
3I>BF
25/27
SC/VC
90
VCTR
50/51-2
3I>
59
3U>
27
3U<
60
FF

39
DR
O5
O4
O2
27
3U<
60
FF
81O/81U
f</>
86/94
21
Z<
I->O
Contr
Interl
O1
O3
Two Winding Transformer Multi Circuit Breaker

RET 670-B30
25/27
50BF
3I>BF
2* SC/VC
DR
50BF
3I>BF
51N-1
50/51-1
3I>
86/94
I->O
87N-1
Ind>
87T
3Id/I>
SC/VC

40
O6
O4
O5
O2
27
3U<
50/51-2
3I>
86/94
I->O
21
Z<
59
3U>
27
3U<
60
FF
52PD
2* PD
59
3U>
25/27
O8
59N
UN
51N-2
50BF
3I>BF
2* f</>
50BF
3I>BF
59N
UN
60
FF
81O/81U
24
U/f>
87N-2
Ind>
O7
DR
Contr
Interl
O1
O3
Three Winding Transformer Single Circuit Breaker

DR
50BF
3I>BF
50/51-1
3I>
RET 670-A20
86/94
I->O
60
FF
25/27
O6
SC/VC
24
U/f>
O4
51N-3
51N-1
50BF
3I>BF
87N-1
Ind>
87T
3Id/I>
87N-3
INd>
87N-2
Ind>
59N
UN
59N
UN
50/51-3
3I>
59
3U>
51N-2
50BF
3I>BF
25/27
SC/VC
60
FF
41
50/51-2
3I>
59
3U>
27
3U<
DR
O2
27
3U<
60
FF
O5
86/94
I->O
86/94
I->O
21
Z<
O1
Contr
Interl
81O/81U
f</>
52PD
PD
O3
O7
Three Winding Transformer Multi Circuit Breaker

81O/81U
RET670 B40
DR
50BF
3I>BF
51N-1
50BF
3I>BF
50/51-1
3I>
86/94
I->O
24
U/f>
87N-1
Ind>
87T
3Id/I>
25/27
SC/VC
59
3U>
42
60
FF
DR
O4
O5
59N
UN
59
3U>
27
3U<
87N-3
INd>
50/51-2
3I>
O6
51N-2
50BF
3I>BF
O8
51N-3
59N
UN
60
FF
52PD
PD
60
FF
25/27
O7
SC/VC
87N-2
Ind>
50BF 50/51-3
3I>BF 3I>
f</>
86/94
I->O
86/94
I->O
O2
27
3U<
21
Z<
Contr
Interl
O1
O3
Benefits of RET670
Functional flexibility
Configuration flexibility
High performance
User friendly
Pre-defined packages
IED 670 series member means;
Every step you take

- ABB has the solution
43
Less spare parts needed

Simplified engineering and maintenance
Common look and feel and common tools
Extensive Self-supervision
Remote communication flexibility
Easy integration in Substation Automation
Systems
Benefits of RET670 outstanding features

Fast, sensitive and secure differential
function tap-changer compensated
Fast and sensitive negative sequence
differential function -> half cycle operation
Multi-CT inputs increases security and
functionality
High or low impedance restricted earthfault winding differential funcions
Extensive function library and options
Up to 12 general I -V functions; distance and extra differential functions
High reset voltage functions
Extendable analog and digital I/O

Full control functionality
Large HMI option
44

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Gunnar Stranne

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

Transformer protection IED RET670

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Preconfigured ready-made packages

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

Benefits of RET670 outstanding features

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Breaker control , measuring, monitoring and recording

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Up to six stabilized 3-phase

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Tap changer control

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

Phase Shifting Transformer

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Cooperation required in the

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

Shunt Reactor Protection And Control

Switching control for lines

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

RET 670 is optimized for each

Step-up Transformer In Power Stations

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

Complementary Protection Functions

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

RET 670 fits all power system elements that

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

Three-winding variant up to 6 three-phase CT inputs

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Enhanced through-fault stability for multi-breaker arrangements

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

Transformer Protection Terminal

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

- winding power transformer with

Transformer Protection Terminal

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

3- winding power transformer with

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Means of coping with these situations must be

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Transformer Inrush Current Stabilization

CT saturation cause a second

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Transformer inrush currents contain a percentage of second

Transformer Inrush Current Stabilisation

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

The fifth harmonic component appears

2006-04-20 PTSX Gunnar Stranne

Two- and three winding applications

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Sensitivity influenced by tap changer

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005