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Volume Two:
Case Studies and Design Data
HOWARD F. RASE
W. A. Cunningham Professor of Chemical Engineering
The University of Texas at Austin
Original Illustrations by
JAMES R. HOLMES
Associate Professor of Engineering Graphics
The University of Texas at Austin
A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION
CS-101
STYRENE POLYMERIZATION
Initiation
rn
M+M
(caIlAH)
(1)
H H Ph
M +AH
M'+A'
(2)
M +AH
trimer
(3)
R'
1
(4)
~ R'
1
(5)
A' + M
M'+M
Propagation
Rr ' + M
Rr + l '
(6)
P"+s
(7)
Termination by Combination
R r ' + R,'
Chain Transfer.
k,
-------->
(to AH or M)
R /.'
+ AH
k"
-------->
Pr
+ R l'
(8)*
h) =
L
2k 1 kz [M]3
"'+ (k z + k 3 )[M] + ktr(rl/k t)'
(CS-1.2)
. t.
(CS-1.5)
pr
A2 X 2
+ A 3 X 3)
(CS-1.6)
Also
(CS-l.7)
or
(DP)-l
k.[M]+
= Cm + -'-A
(CS-1.8)
(CS-1.9)
C mu
+ B1X
(CS-l.10)
T)
B1
-1.013 x 10
kj
emo =
T
CS-101
STYRENE POLYMERIZATION
Thermodynamics
FMX M = -d[M] V
dt
= r V = A[M]~V
pr
(CS-l.ll)
Heat Balance
104F Mcp JI;,
To)
UAh(T. - 1j)
where F M is the molar flow rate of monomer fed, CPM is the heat capacity of
monomer, and T., To, 1j are the exit, entrance, and cooling medium temperatures, respectively.
Since the heat capacities of monomer and polymer are approximately
the same, the heat of reaction at 25C can be used in Eq. CS-1.l2.
Fluid Properties
CPM =
PM
0.353
+ (0.0014)(T
= 924 - 0.918( T
- 293), caljgOC
- 273.1), gil.
[M]
where
=
=
e :JIP~
l
pr -
PM(l - X M )
+ 6,. X M)'
(l 04)(l
(CS-1.13) (2,3)
(CS-1.14) (1)
(CS-1.15) (1)
(CS-1.16)
g mo les/l.
(CS-1.17)
('1r - 1)(W rr
and
PM
Ppr
10
CS-101
STYRENE POLYMERIZATION
4 x 10 7 lb/yr
(0.995)(0.95)(0.95)(365)(24)(3600)
Reactor Volume
From Eq. CS-l.II
V
= FMXM =
A[M]t
(641/104)(0.4)
(1.64243 x 10- 5)(4.9506)t
A 750 gal stainless-steel tank (60 x 60 in.) is selected from Table 8.8,
D = 60 in., D 1 = (1/3)60 = 20 in. with 160 rpm for good heat transfer
(838 ft/min tip speed, see Table 8.10). One 20-in. flat-blade turbine is selected
initially for analysis.
(80.5)(3600)
_ 6
(97)(727/750)(2~2)(1.8) -
U -
f2
.8 BTU/hr t
(C fl)0.33(PND I2)0.65(!!-)0.24
D),!
fl
flw ,
h = 0.73),!
0.055
fl
flw
PM/1000
+ 6"X
P= I
(fl )0.24
flw
0.786
11
REQUIRED HORSEPOWER
t6
Assuming h = 10
Tw - 45 = 0.044
150 - Tw
or
26.4(5~~~~7 y.24 =
. .
V =\,9.98
+ 4.367
13.9
specify 5 hp motor.
If one refers to Fig. 8.7, the Reynolds number is in the transition region for
which the power number is 3.5 and the corresponding hp = 3.3; but the
CS-101
12
STYRENE POLYMERIZATION
fhP
R err = c~ --;; = c
)4.05
3623 = 0.033c
REFERENCES
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.