Risk Control SCS0985 Course Notes-Spring-2013-OL

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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
SCHOOL OF CONTINUING STUDIES
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Learn more.
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BUSINESS & PROFESSIONAL STUDIE S

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Risk Control SCS0985

Spring 2013
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416.978.2400 w: learn.utoronto.ca e: learn@utoronto.ca
158 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 2V8
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2013 University of Toronto School of Continuing Studies All Rights Reserved

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registered with the University of Toronto School of Continuing Studies, and
may not be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted, in
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except as may be expressly authorized by the Copyright Act (Canada).
Table of Contents
Table of Contents................................................................................................................... 1
Course Description................................................................................................................2
Course Content / Materials....................................................................................................3
Contact Information................................................................................................................ 4
Assignments.......................................................................................................................... 5
Assignment 1...................................................................................................................... 6
Assignment 2...................................................................................................................... 9
Assignment 3.................................................................................................................... 11
Sample Examination......14
SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

2013 University of Toronto School of Continuing Studies
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University of Toronto
Professional Studies - Distance Learning
Risk Control
(Course # SCS 0985)
PREREQUISITE: SUGGESTED RISK ASSESSMENT SCS0981
The student should have a fundamental knowledge of business management and general
insurance.
Course Description
This course is outlined in 13 lessons, numbered to correspond with the Insurance Institute
of America Course Guide ARM55. For each lesson, the appropriate readings are
contained within each text as applicable. Review and discussion questions are provided in
the Course Guide at the conclusion of each lesson. Assignments questions to assist the
student and should be completed and submitted for grading.
Learner Outcomes include the following:
Lesson
Lesson
1
2
Understanding Risk Control

Controlling Property Loss Exposures
Lesson
Controlling Intellectual Property Loss Exposures
Lesson
Controlling Criminal Loss Exposures
Lesson
Understanding Disaster Recovery for Natural Disasters
Lesson
Controlling Personnel Loss Exposures
Lesson
Controlling Liability Loss Exposures
Lesson
Understanding Claim Administration
Lesson
Controlling Fleet Operations Loss Exposures
Lesson
10
Controlling Environmental Loss Exposures
Lesson
11
Controlling Net Income Loss Exposures
Lesson
12
Understanding System Safety
Lesson
13
Motivating and Monitoring Risk Control Activities

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Course Content / Materials

Materials
Textbooks
Insurance Institute of America: Risk Control, 1st Edition
Insurance Institute of America: Risk Control Course Guide ARM 55, 2nd Edition
Note:
Students who possess the text of Risk Assessment should review this material in the context of
the present course.

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Contact Information
Contact Information
Phone
Fax
Email
Denis A. Glaude
School of Continuing Studies
denisglaude1950@verizon.net
(416) 978-2412
(800) 310-0006

(416) 978-5673
scs.dlp@utoronto.ca
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Assignments
Guidelines for Assignments
There are 3 assignments recommended for completion as you progress through this work. These
assignments are highly recommended in order to assist you to become familiar with the exam
format and the course material.
There is a significant correlation between students who do well in the exam and those who submit
these assignments.
As per the School of Continuing Studies requirements, these
assignments count for 30% of your final mark.
Also, this is your opportunity to work through your understanding of the material as you go along,
and to receive feedback on how you are doing. Past experience has shown that your chances of
passing the exam are greatly increased if all assignments are completed and submitted for
comment.

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Assignment 1
Readings
Lesson 1 - Understanding Risk Control
Lesson 2 - Controlling Property Loss Exposures
Lesson 3 - Controlling Intellectual Property Loss Exposures
Lesson 4 - Controlling Criminal Loss Exposures
Question 1
Match the energy release strategy with the following real life situations:
1 - Prevent the initial marshalling of the form of energy
2 - Reduce the amount of energy marshalled
3 - Prevent the release of energy
4 - Modify the rate or spatial distribution of release of energy from its source
5 - Separate in space or time the energy being released from the susceptible structure
6 - Separate the energy being released from the susceptible structure with a material barrier
7 - Modify the contact surface or basic structure which can be impacted
8 - Strengthen the structure which might be damaged by the energy transfer
9 - Move rapidly in detecting and evaluating damage and counter its continuation and extension
10 - Take long term action after the emergency period to reduce additional damage
____Use of sidewalks and the phasing of pedestrian and vehicular traffic
____Slowing the burning rate of explosives
____Reducing the amount and concentration of reagents in high school laboratories
____Preventing the manufacture of gunpowder
____Use of lightning rods
____Reducing the speed of vehicles
____Preventing the raising of babies above the floor (cribs, chairs, etc) from which they may fall
____More stringent earthquake codes
____Making lollipop sticks out cardboard
____Boxing gloves
____Use of electrical and thermal insulation
____Sprinklers
____Fire doors
____Vaccines
____Salvage operations
____Reducing the slope of ski slopes for beginners
____Preventing the escape of tigers
____Rehabilitation
____Padded vehicle dashboards
___Emergency medical care

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Question 2
A fire may start in one building as a result of the building being exposed to fire originating in
another building. The frequency and severity of fire from exterior exposures is influenced by the
characteristics of the exposing building (where the fire originated) and the exposed building.
a)
Identify and describe five features of an exposing building that influence frequency and
severity.
b) Describe five actions that a Risk Manager for an exposed building can take to reduce the
frequency or severity of fires from exterior exposures.
Question 3
a) Identify and briefly describe the four common types of protection for intellectual property.
b) Identify risk control measures that can be used to protect trade secrets.
c) A computer hacker extracted the secret recipe of a soft drink manufacturers best-selling soft
drink and then anonymously e-mailed the recipe to the manufacturers competitors. The
hacker remained unidentified. Can the competitors use the recipe? Explain why or why not.
Question 4
A school district in rural Ontario is concerned that it may not have enough fuel oil to heat its
schools during severe winter months and, therefore, may lose its funding if it is unable to provide
the mandated number of days of education. Such a fuel shortage may arise because of either the
excessive cost or the total unavailability of fuel oil.
The risk manager for the school district has been asked to offer recommendations for a five-year
plan for the school district to overcome this exposure of loss of funding. The risk manager
believes that this loss exposure is one to which some risk management techniques can be
properly applied. For each of the following risk management techniques, (1) define the technique
and (2) explain why that technique could or could not be used by the school district to overcome
this exposure:
a) Separation/duplication/diversification of exposure units
b) Exposure avoidance
c) Loss reduction
d) Loss prevention
Question 5
a)
For each of the crimes listed below, (1) define the crime, and (2) give
one physical control an organization can apply to prevent the crime from being committed
against it:
i.
Counterfeiting/forgery
ii.
Vandalism
iii.
Arson
iv.
Violent attack

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v.
b)
Espionage.
Aside from physical controls, most crimes against an organization can be prevented
through appropriate procedural and managerial controls. For each of the following crimes,
describe (1) two procedural controls and (2) two managerial controls:
i.
Burglary
ii. Robbery
iii. Shoplifting
iv. Fraud
v. Embezzlement.

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Assignment 2
Readings
Lesson 5 - Understanding Disaster Recovery for Natural Disasters
Lesson 6 - Controlling Personnel Loss Exposures
Lesson 7 - Controlling Liability Loss Exposures
Lesson 8 - Understanding Claim Administration
Question 1
Describe the similarities and differences between the appropriate pre-event and post-event
actions for dealing with losses caused by the two perils in each of the following pairs.
a) Windstorm and hailstorm
b) Hurricane and tornado
c) Hailstorm and thunderstorm
Question 2
Sound ergonomics reduces the adverse effects of fatigue among an organization's employees.
a) Describe the physical features of a workplace environment that tend to cause fatigue,
explain how proper workplace design can remove or minimize these features.
and
b) What are three administrative measures that can control fatigue in virtually any physical
environment?
Question 3
a) Industrial hygienists have developed a number of general methods of control designed to
minimize the bodily harm employees may suffer from workplace hazards such as excessive
noise. Briefly describe each of the following methods of industrial hygiene control, and
explain how each method might be applied to reducing employee hearing loss from the
intermittent noise of a metal working punch press:
i.
Isolation
ii. Personal protective equipment

iii. Supervision
iv. Medical controls

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v. Job rotation
b) Effective rehabilitation of employees who have been injured requires the participation of
various departments and persons within the organization. Without repeating any answers,
give one example of a contribution that each of the following can make to such rehabilitation:
i.
The personnel department
ii.
The organization's internal claims department
iii.
The organizations own medical personnel
iv.
The senior local officer of the labour union to which these employees
belong
v.
The risk management department
Question 4
An organization retaining its own liability claims should establish proper reserves for future
payments it can expect to make on these losses. However improper reserving, over or underreserving can cause financial difficulties for the organization.
a)
Explain why an organization retaining its own losses should, from a managerial
point of view, establish proper claims reserves.
b)
Under what circumstances, if any, are an organizations additions to loss reserves

i.
Recognized for financial accounting purposes?
ii. Recognized for tax accounting purposes?

c) Explain why the difficulty of accurately reserving for future claims increases with the expected
length of time between the initial reporting of a claim and its final settlement.
Question 5
a) Describe how a liability loss might arise from the following loss exposures:
i.
ii.
iii.
Operations liability
Products liability
Completed operations
b) Describe clauses that an organization might add to contracts to remove or limit liability.

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Assignment 3
Readings:
Lesson 9 - Controlling Fleet Operations Loss Exposures
Lesson 10 - Controlling Environmental Loss Exposures
Lesson 11 - Controlling Net Income Loss Exposures
Lesson 12 - Understanding System Safety
Lesson 13 - Motivating and Monitoring Risk Control Activities
Question 1
In considering how losses from fleet operations can be controlled, fleets are viewed as systems
with subsystems and system components.
a) Identify the four common characteristics of every system, and briefly discuss the components
of a fleet system.
b) For four of the elements of a motor vehicle transportation system, (vehicles, maintenance,
operators and cargo), discuss how the potential hazards from each of these elements can be
controlled.
Question 2
Assume that Company A, about to acquire Company B, is concerned that this acquisition may
expose it to substantial potential liabilities for environmental pollution. In order to assess these
liabilities,
a) What information should Company A seek to obtain with regard to Company B's past and/or
present operations concerning
i.
Waste disposal procedures?
ii.
Experiences with leaks and spills of materials?
iii. Underground storage tanks?

iv. Uses of specific contaminants (such as asbestos, lead or polychlorinated
biphenyls)?
v. Handling and disposal of other substances?
b) By what specific procedures should Company A seek to acquire information about Company
B in these five areas?

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Question 3
A chain of supermarkets may suffer net income losses that are either property- related (for
example, due to destruction of a key warehouse) or liability-related (for example, stemming from
products liability claims against the supermarket).
a) Describe in detail why a supermarket chain would be almost certain to suffer a net income loss
if:
i. A key warehouse for incoming merchandise was destroyed.
ii. Products liability claims for defective foodstuffs were brought against the
supermarket.
b) Without repeating any answers, describe the following:
i. Three risk control measures through which the supermarket could reduce the
severity of its net income losses from destruction of a key warehouse.
ii. Three risk control measures through which the supermarket could reduce the
severity of its net income losses from products liability claims for defective
foodstuffs.
Question 4
The executive offices of a corporation are located on the top floor of its high-rise headquarters
building. The corporation also leases space on this floor to a restaurant. The risk management
professional for the corporation believes that the reliable operation of the elevators in this building
is vital to the corporation's overall operating efficiency.
The risk management professional is contracting for detailed system safety analyses of these
elevators. For each of the following types of system safety analysis, (i) describe its distinguishing
characteristics and (ii) explain the specific contribution that this type of analysis would make to
the reliable operation of the elevators:
i. Criticality analysis
ii. Fault tree analysis
iii. PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) analysis of elevator repair
options

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Assignment 4 continued
Question 5
A shop foreman who is considered to be an effective leader believes that the lathe operators this
foreman supervises fit the assumptions of McGregor's Theory X. The foreman is attempting to
motivate the lathe operators to wear their goggles at all times while in the vicinity of any operating
lathe.
a) What actions would this foreman be likely to take to motivate lather operators to wear
goggles?
b)
How (if at all) would the foremans actions described in your answer to (a) change
if, instead of Theory X, the foreman believed in Theory Y?
c) Describe one plan of action the foreman might have adopted to motivate lather operators to
wear their goggles if this foreman were applying:
i.
Maslows hierarchy of needs?
ii.
Hertzbergs two-factor model of motivation?
iii.
Skinners operant conditioning theory?

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Sample Examination
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO - SCHOOL OF CONTINUING STUDIES
BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES - DISTANCE LEARNING
FINAL EXAMINATION SAMPLE EXAMINATION
RISK CONTROL (SCS0985)
STUDENTS MUST ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. EXAMINATION IS CLOSED BOOK.
ALL QUESTIONS MUST BE ANSWERED IN THE EXAMINATION BOOKLET AND NOT ON
THE EXAMINATION PAPER. THIS EXAMINATION PAPER MUST BE HANDED IN.
Question 1
Match the following key words with their definition.
A. Technique of operations review (TOR) system
B. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
C. Fender walls
D. Electrical exposures
E. Legal privilege
F. Cross-media transfer
G. Pre-loss Measures
H. Crisis
I. Reinforcers
J. Accident
1.
Side extensions of an existing division wall that protrude through the

sides of a frame building from ground level to a parapet.
2.
The right to invade another's interests to promote or protect one's own
greater interests
3.
Steps taken before a loss occurs to prevent or reduce it
4.
This system views the root causes of accidents as management
failures.
5.
A technique that identifies events necessary for a project to be on
schedule.
6.
A system of rewards or punishments
7.
A sudden, unplanned, often violent event that causes loss.
8.
A turning point in a sequence of events, a point at which crucial
actions or events
significantly shapes the future.
9.
To protect one medium from harm creates new threats for another
medium
10.
Fall into two categories: shock and fire hazards
10 marks

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Question 2
For each of the following key words or phrases, provide a brief definition and where appropriate,
describe when or how it is used giving an example.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Energy release theory

Fire triangle
Job rotation
Bottlenecks
Supervised alarm system
10 marks
Question 3
Delta Corporation is planning to construct a new manufacturing plant. Delta's risk manager is a
member of the planning committee for the new building and has been asked to provide
recommendations on several subjects.
a) Describe the design features, other than fire extinguishing systems, that Delta's risk manager
might recommend to limit the spread of fire in the new building.
3 marks
b) While much of the plant will be sprinklered, Delta's risk manager is also considering the
recommendation of fire extinguishing agents other than water in certain areas. Identify and
briefly describe the firefighting capabilities of other types of fire extinguishing agents that
might be used in Delta's new plant.
3 marks
c)Identify the factors that Delta's risk manager should take into consideration in Determining the
extent of the need for security at the new plant.
4 marks
Question 4
Coordination of activities within several departments of an organization usually is essential for an
effective Products Liability Loss Control Program. Several departments such as design,
engineering, legal, production, quality control, advertising, and purchasing often play key roles.
a.
For each of the following product defects, explain how the loss-producing event
might have been avoided by improved coordination between two or more of the departments
mentioned above.
i. The labels were switched on 55,000 bottles of each of two patent medicines the company
manufactures.
ii. The "directions for use" on the boxes of clinical thermometers the organization has produced
and distributed nationally for ten years are judged deficient in a New York Products Liability
suit.
iii. A doctor reports a defect in one of the heart valves he has purchased from the organization.
6 marks
b.
Would you recommend the manufacturer undertake any form of product recall in
each of the three situations above? Justify your recommendations.
4
marks

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Question 5
A Risk Manager's analysis of the increasing frequency of highway accidents among a fleet of
sales representatives suggests that the drivers need to adhere more closely to traffic laws,
particularly to speed limits. Students of human behaviour have suggested a number of
approaches to motivating more acceptable behaviour, including safer performance on the job. For
each of the four such approaches listed below,
a) Explain the fundamental reasoning underlying that approach and
b) Describe one specific way to apply that approach to improve these drivers' adherence to traffic
laws.
i. The "hierarchy of needs" approach developed by Maslow
ii. The "Theory X and Theory Y" approach developed by McGregor
iii. The 'motivators and hygiene factors' approach developed by Herzberg
iv. 'Stimulus-response conditioning' developed by Skinner
3 marks
2 marks
3 marks
2 marks
Question 6
Industrial hygienists have developed a number of general methods of control to combat the
hazards that noise, toxic substances, airborne substances, and other conditions pose to the
health and safety of employees, especially those working in an industrial environment. For each
of the general methods of control listed below,
a) Briefly describe that method and
b) Give an example of its proper use in an industrial environment:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Isolation or enclosure
Wet methods
Local exhaust ventilation
Dilution ventilation
Medical controls
2 marks
2 marks
2 marks
2 marks
2 marks
Question 7
One of the major hazards on the premises of a Quebec distillery is a large propane gas tank.
The gas tank is located in the open near both a major driveway for motor vehicles passing
through the premises and the boilers that provide steam for distilling. Describe specifically how, if
at all, this hazard could be treated through:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Risk avoidance
Loss reduction applied before any accident occurs
Loss reduction applied after an accident occurs
Loss prevention
Non-insurance transfer for risk control.

2 marks
2 marks
2 marks
2 marks
2 marks
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Question 8
For each of the following statements, identify in your examination booklet, the single most appropriate answer.
30 marks
1. A growing manufacturing organization with a factory
at location A decides to build a second factory several
miles away at location B. The organization is practicing
2. One of the major types of earthquake-resistant
construction incorporates box action design. Box
action design
3. With palletized storage, each of the following is a
factor in the spread of fire, EXCEPT:
4. Which of the following statements concerning
occupational exposure identification and analysis is
correct?
5. To control fatigue of its employees, an employer can

concentrate on workplace design measures. These
are
6. A firm that agrees to settle a dispute through
arbitration feels there is a 60% chance it will have to
pay $100,000 and a 40% chance it will have to pay
$200,000. If the dispute goes to trial, the firm feels
there is a 40% chance it will pay nothing and a 60%
chance it will pay $300,000. Which alternative is more
attractive on an expected value basis?
7. Each of the following is a primary source of
information for an environmental risk assessment,
EXCEPT:
8. Each one of the following is a liability-related net
income loss, EXCEPT:
9. Which one of the following is a managerial control

(as opposed to a procedural control) KYZ could
implement to control the type of crime that was
committed by its employee?
10. A risk manager draws a fault tree that contains an
employee injury (Event A) at the top and an "and" gate
flowing from the injury down to events B, C, and D. To
prevent the injury, the risk manager must adopt a
technique that breaks the fault tree. This occurs when
the technique:
11. One of the reasons that building occupancies

A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
Separation of exposure units.

Duplication of exposure units.
Avoidance.
Loss prevention
Integrates roof and floor diaphragms.
Relies on the resilience of specially designed reinforced
concrete.
C. Relies on the resilience of steel.
D. Is used for buildings more than 3 stories tall
A. Height of storage
B. Pallet construction
C. Aisle spaces
D. Grounding techniques to reduce static electricity
A. An illness usually develops more rapidly than an occupational
injury
B. An injury may result from a slip, a fall, or a wrench
C. Workers compensation statutes tend to provide the same
level of benefits as for injuries.
D.
The types of controls applied for occupational health
impairments tend to be the same for an injury as for an
illness.
A. Engineering measures
B. Administrative measures
C. Medical measures
D. Psychological measures
A. Arbitration, because it has an expected value that is $40,000
less than going to trial
B. Trial, because there is a 40% chance the organization will pay
nothing
C. Arbitration, because there is a 60% chance the organization
will only have to pay $100,000
D. Trial, because it has an expected value that is $20,000 less
than arbitration
A. Control and treatment
B. Written documentation
C. Site inspections
D. Interviews
A. Reduced sales revenue due to adverse publicity as a result of
a legal judgment
B. Reduced efficiency due to alteration of production processes
as a result of a liability loss.
C. Money paid as fines and settlements
D. Loss in productivity as a result of an accident investigation
A. Screen job applicants
B. Limit hours building is open
C. Install video cameras
D. Declare certain areas off limits
A. Prevents B, C, and D
B. Prevents Band C
C. Prevents B, C, or D
D. All of the above
A. Construction materials.
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affect life safety is that different occupancies have

different
12. One purpose of placing a copyright notice on
published works is to
13. Ice storms
14. An advance payment is appropriate when
15. All of the following are steps in the risk control

assessment process, EXCEPT:

B. Features that affect safe exit from a building.

C. External environments.
D. Architectural designs.
A. Satisfy the criteria for obtaining a restrictive covenant.
B. Negate the innocent infringement defence.
C. Obtain the best protection for material published on the
Internet.
D. Ensure that no one copies the material.
A. Are generally extended and widespread events.
B. Are more prevalent at temperatures slightly above freezing.
C. Generally leave ice accumulations exceeding five inches.
D. May cause power outages.
A. Immediate cash will not influence the long-term
consequences of the harm.
B. The organizations liability is questionable.
C. Harm to claimants is fairly serious.
D. Claimants are uncooperative.
A. Analyze environmental loss exposures
B. Disclose potential mergers and acquisitions
C. Create an assessment plan
D. Assemble the team
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______________________________________________________________

BUSINESS & PROFESSIONAL STUDIE S

Risk Control SCS0985

2013 University of Toronto School of Continuing Studies All Rights Reserved

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

Understanding Risk Control

Controlling Intellectual Property Loss Exposures

Controlling Criminal Loss Exposures

Understanding Disaster Recovery for Natural Disasters

Controlling Personnel Loss Exposures

Controlling Liability Loss Exposures

Understanding Claim Administration

Controlling Fleet Operations Loss Exposures

Controlling Environmental Loss Exposures

Controlling Net Income Loss Exposures

Understanding System Safety

Motivating and Monitoring Risk Control Activities

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

Course Content / Materials

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

School of Continuing Studies

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

ii. Personal protective equipment

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

The personnel department

The organization's internal claims department

The organizations own medical personnel

The risk management department

Under what circumstances, if any, are an organizations additions to loss reserves

Recognized for financial accounting purposes?

ii. Recognized for tax accounting purposes?

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

Waste disposal procedures?

Experiences with leaks and spills of materials?

iii. Underground storage tanks?

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

Maslows hierarchy of needs?

Hertzbergs two-factor model of motivation?

Skinners operant conditioning theory?

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

Side extensions of an existing division wall that protrude through the

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

Energy release theory

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

5. To control fatigue of its employees, an employer can

9. Which one of the following is a managerial control

11. One of the reasons that building occupancies

Separation of exposure units.

affect life safety is that different occupancies have

13. Ice storms

14. An advance payment is appropriate when

15. All of the following are steps in the risk control

SCHOOL of CONTINUING STUDIES

B. Features that affect safe exit from a building.

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