UNIT 1

1. Difference b/w tangent towers and deviation towers

Tangent towers
They are used for straight runs of the
line. The line is straight or along the
tangent to the line route.
Suspension type insulators are used
The stress is due to weight of the line, ice
and wind loads

Deviation towers
They are used at points where the
transmission line changes direction.
Strain insulators are used
In addition to forces to which the tangent
towers are subjected, these towers also
withstand the resultant forces due to
change in direction

2. What is feeder, Distributer and service mains

Feeder:
A feeder is a conductor which connects the sub station to the area where the
power is to be distributed.
Generally no tappings are taken from the feeder so that the current in it
remains the same throughout
The main consideration of feeder design is current carrying capacity.
Distributer
A distributer is a conductor from which tappings are taken for supply to the
consumers.
The current through a distributer is not constant because tappings are taken at
various places along its length.
While designing distributer, voltage drop along its length is main
consideration.
Service mains
A service mains is generally a small cable which connects the distributer to the
consumer terminals.
3. What are the Main components of overhead lines
Conductors
Supports
Insulators
Cross arms
Lightning arrestors

4.One line diagrams/single line diagrams

Show the relative electrical interconnections of generators, transformers, transmission lines
and distribution lines, loads used in assembling the power system
5.Sag:
The difference in level between points of supports and lowest point on the
conductor is called sag.
Sag is inversely proportional to tension
Factors that cause sag
Weight of conductor
Span
Conductor tension
Temperature
Ground clearance
6.Strnging chart
Helpful in providing sag and tension in any temperature, if the sag and tension
is known for a particular temperature
The curves of sag and tension temperature variations are called the stringing
charts and useful in erecting the transmission line conductors at specified
temperatures and loading conditions
At high temperature, sag in still air is more and tension is less.
At low temperatures, sag is less and tension is more
Sag

Tension

Sag

Tension

7. Name any two existing HVDC systems in India?

Rihand- Delhi HVDC system
Vidhyachal HVDC back to back system

8. Compare SVC and STATCOM

SVC
Acts as voltage source behind a reactance
Insensitive to transmission system
harmonics
Both inductive and capacitive regions of
operation are possible
Faster response during transients

STATCOM
Acts as a variable susceptance
Sensitive
to
transmission
system
harmonics
Operates mostly in capacitive region
Slow response during transients