Math 211

7202007

Review Problems for Test 1

These problems are provided to help you study. The presence of a problem on this sheet does not imply
that a similar problem will appear on the test. And the absence of a problem from this sheet does not imply
that the test will not have a similar problem.
1. Compute the following derivatives:
(a)

d
(arctan x)5 + arctan(x5 ) .
dx

(b)

d
arcsin(ex + 1).
dx

(c)

d
(tan1 (sec1 x)).
dx

(d)

d cos x
.
dx cos1 x

2. Compute the following limits:

2 2ex1
.
x1 sin(x 1)

(b) lim+ x ln x.

(a) lim

x0

cos 2x
.
x2 + 3x + 1

2x
3
(d) lim 1 +
.
x
x

p
x2 + 4x x .
(e) lim
(c) lim

x0

x+

(f) lim

x0

sin 4x + tan 5x
.
x cos 3x + 12x

x x cos x
.
x0 x sin x + 2x

1/x
.
(h) lim+ e2x + x

(g) lim

x0

3. Compute



(cos x)3 1 + (sin x)1/2 dx.

4. Compute

(cos 7x)4 dx.

5. Compute

(sec 3x)5 tan 3x dx.

6. Compute

(tan x)4 dx.

1

7. Compute

(csc 2x)3 (cot 2x)3 dx.

Z p
8. Compute
x2 1 dx.
9. Compute

ln(x2 + 5) dx.

10. Compute

x2

11. Compute

p
x 25 x2 dx.

12. Compute

x2

dx.
x2 + 1

13. Compute

3 + 4x + 5x2 + 3x3
dx.
x2 (x + 3)

14. Compute

x3 e4x dx.

15. Compute

e4x cos 2x dx.

16. Compute

cos 3x sin 2x dx.

17. Compute

dx
dx.
x1/2 (x1/3 + x1/4 )

18. Compute

x2

p
25 x2 dx.

x2
dx.
8x + 25

19. How would you try to decompose

2(x 2)2
using partial fractions?
x3 (x2 + 4)2

20. Why do you try the partial fractions decomposition

5x
C
A
B
+
=
+
2
2
(x 1) (x + 1)
x 1 (x 1)
x+1
rather than the decomposition
B
A
5x
+
=
?
2
2
(x 1) (x + 1)
(x 1)
x+1
21. What is wrong with the following partial fractions decomposition?
7
A B
C
= + +
.
x(x 1)
x
x
x1
22. Find the partial fractions decomposition of
3x4 + x3 6x2 3
.
x(x2 + 1)2
2

23. (a) Compute

x2 + 8x 4
dx.
x(x2 + x 2)

(b) If you use the antiderivative in (a) to compute

Z

1/2

x2 + 8x 4
dx,
x(x2 + x 2)

you get
[2 ln |x| + ln |x 1| 4 ln |x + 2|]1/2
1 =



1
1
2 ln + ln 4 ln 32 (2 ln 1 + ln 2 4 ln 1) 4.39445.
2
2

Does this computation make sense? Why or why not?

24. Find the area of the region under y =
Z

25. Compute

11

26. Compute

x
from x = 0 to .
(x2 + 1)2

xe3x dx.

27. Prove that

1
dx.
x3

x4

dx converges. [Hint: Compare the integral to

ex dx.]

Solutions to the Review Problems for Test 1

1. Compute the following derivatives:
(a)

d
(arctan x)5 + arctan(x5 ) .
dx


1
5x4
d
(arctan x)5 + arctan(x5 ) = 5(arctan x)4 2
.
+
dx
x + 1 1 + x10

(b)

(c)

d
arcsin(ex + 1).
dx

d
(tan1 (sec1 x)).
dx

d
ex
.
arcsin(ex + 1) = p
dx
1 (ex + 1)2

d
(tan1 (sec1 x)) =
dx
(d)

1
1 + (sec1 x)2



d cos x
.
dx cos1 x
(cos

d cos x
=
dx cos1 x

x)( sin x) (cos x)

(cos1 x)2

|x| x2 1

1 x2

2. Compute the following limits:

2 2ex1
.
x1 sin(x 1)

(a) lim

2ex1
2
2 2ex1
= lim
=
= 2.
x1 cos(x 1)
x1 sin(x 1)
1
lim

(b) lim+
x0

x ln x.

lim

x0+

(c) lim

x0

x2

1
ln x
x
= lim+ 2x1/2 = 0.
x ln x = lim+
= lim+
1
1
x0
x0
x0

3/2
x
2x

cos 2x
.
+ 3x + 1
lim

x0

cos 2x
= 1.
x2 + 3x + 1

LHopitals rule doesnt apply, because plugging in x = 0 gives 1, which is not an indeterminate form.
2x
3
(d) lim 1 +
.
x
x

2x
3
Set y = 1 +
, so
x


2x



3
3
.
= 2x ln 1 +
ln y = ln 1 +
x
x
Then



3


ln 1 +
3
3
x
lim ln y = lim 2x ln 1 +
=
= 2 lim x ln 1 +
= 2 lim
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x



3
1
2

3
x
1+
x


2 lim
= 6.
x
1
2
x


So
lim

(e) lim

x+

3
1+
x

2x

= e6 .

p

x2 + 4x x


 x2 + 4x + x
p
p
x2 + 4x x2
2
2
lim
= lim
=
x + 4x x = lim
x + 4x x
2
x+
x+
x + 4x + x x+ x2 + 4x + x
1
4x
4
4x
x
= lim

=
= lim
lim

2
2
1
1
x+
x+
x+
x + 4x + x
x + 4x + x
x2 + 4x + 1
x
x
4

lim r

x+

(f) lim

x0

4
4
= = 2.
= lim r
x+
2
4
x + 4x
+
1
1
+
+
1
x
x2
4

sin 4x + tan 5x
.
x cos 3x + 12x
4 cos 4x + 5(sec 5x)2
9
sin 4x + tan 5x
= lim
=
.
x0 3x sin 3x + cos 3x + 12
x0 x cos 3x + 12x
13
lim

(g) lim

x0

x x cos x
.
x sin x + 2x
x x cos x
1 + x sin x cos x
1+01
= lim
=
= 0.
x sin x + 2x x0 x cos x + sin x + 2
0+0+2

lim

x0

(h) lim+ e2x + x

x0

1/x

Set y = e2x + x

1/x

. Then
2x

ln y = ln e

+x

1/x

ln e2x + x
1
2x
.
= ln e + x =
x
x

Therefore,
2e2x + 1
2x
ln e + x
lim+ ln y = lim+
= lim+ e + x = 3.
x
1
x0
x0
x0

2x

Hence,
lim+ e2x + x

x0

3. Compute

= e3 .



(cos x)3 1 + (sin x)1/2 dx.
Z

Z




(cos x)3 1 + (sin x)1/2 dx = (cos x)2 1 + (sin x)1/2 cos x dx =
Z


1/x

1 (sin x)2
u = sin x,

(1 u2 )(1 + u1/2 ) du =




1 + (sin x)1/2 cos x dx =

du = cos x dx,

du
dx =
cos x

1
2
2
(1 + u1/2 u2 u5/2 ) du = u + u3/2 u3 u7/2 + C =
3
3
7

2
1
2
sin x + (sin x)3/2 (sin x)3 (sin x)7/2 + C.
3
3
7

4. Compute

Z
Z

(cos 7x)4 dx.

4

(cos 7x) dx =

(cos 7x) (cos 7x) dx =

5

1
1
(1 + cos 14x) (1 + cos 14x) dx =
2
2

5. Compute
Z


Z 


1
1
1 + 2 cos 14x + (1 + cos 28x) dx =
1 + 2 cos 14x + (cos 14x)2 dx =
4
2


1
1
1
1
x + sin 14x + (x +
sin 28x) + C.
4
7
2
28

1
4

(sec 3x)5 tan 3x dx.

5

(sec 3x) tan 3x dx =



6. Compute

1
(sec 3x) (sec 3x tan 3x dx) =
3
4

u = sec 3x,

du = 3 sec 3x tan 3x dx,

(tan x)4 dx =

(tan x)2 (tan x)2 dx =

(tan x)2 (sec x)2 dx

(tan x)2 dx =

u2 du tan x + x + C =

u4 du =

(tan x)2 (sec x)2 1 dx =

(tan x)2 (sec x)2 dx

Z

(sec x)2 dx +

du = (sec x)2 dx,

dx =

(sec x)2 1 dx =

dx =

du
(sec x)2

1
1 3
u tan x + x + C = (tan x)3 tan x + x + C.
3
3

(csc 2x)3 (cot 2x)3 dx.

Z

(tan x)2 (sec x)2 dx


u = tan x,

7. Compute

1
1 5
u +C =
(sec 3x)5 + C.
15
15

du
dx =
3 sec 3x tan 3x
Z

(tan x)4 dx.

Z

(csc 2x) (cot 2x) dx =

(csc 2x)2 (cot 2x)2 (csc 2x cot 2x) dx =



(csc 2x)2 (csc 2x)2 1 (csc 2x cot 2x) dx =

u = csc 2x,

u2 (u2 1)(csc 2x cot 2x)

du
=
2 csc 2x cot 2x


du
2 csc 2x cot 2x




Z
Z
1
1 1
1
1
1 1 5 1 3
5
3
2 2
4
2

u u +C =
(csc 2x) (csc 2x) + C.
u (u 1) du =
(u u ) du =
2
2
2 5
3
2 5
3

8. Compute

du = 2 csc 2x cot 2x dx,

dx =

Z p
x2 1 dx.

Z p
Z p
Z
Z p
2
2
2
x 1 dx =
(sec ) 1 sec tan d =
(tan ) sec tan d = sec (tan )2 d =
6

x = sec ,

x 2- 1

dx = sec tan d
q
1

sec (sec )2 1 d =

1
1
(sec )3 sec d = sec tan + ln | sec +tan |ln | sec +tan |+C =
2
2

p
1
1
1
1 p
sec tan ln | sec + tan | + C = x x2 1 ln |x + x2 1| + C.
2
2
2
2

9. Compute

ln(x2 + 5) dx.
Z

d
dx
+ ln(x2 + 5)

ln(x2 + 5) dx = x ln(x2 + 5)

2x
+5

x2
Z

dx

2x2
dx = x ln(x2 + 5)
2
x +5

Z 
2

10
x2 + 5

dx =

x
10
x ln(x2 + 5) 2x + tan1 + C.
5
5
The second equality comes from dividing 2x2 by x2 + 5 (long division). Alternatively, you can do this:
2x2
2x2 + 10 10
2x2 + 10
10
2(x2 + 5)
10
10
=
=

=
2
=2 2
.
x2 + 5
x2 + 5
x2 + 5
x2 + 5
x2 + 5
x +5
x +5

10. Compute
Z

x2

p
25 x2 dx.

Z
Z
p
p
p
2
2
2
x 25 x dx = 25(sin ) 25 25(sin ) (5 cos ) d = 25(sin )2 25(cos )2 (5 cos ) d =
2

x = 5 sin ,

dx = 5 cos d
q

25 - x 2

Z


1
625
1
(1 cos 2) (1 + cos 2) d =
1 (cos 2)2 d =
2
2
4
Z
Z
1
625
1
625
625
(1 cos 4) d =
( sin 4) + C =
(sin 2)2 d =
4
4
2
8
4




625
625
x 1 p
25 x2 (25 2x2 ) + C.
sin cos 2(cos )2 1 + C =
arcsin x
8
8
5 8

625

(sin )2 (cos )2 d = 625

11. Compute
Z

p
x 25 x2 dx.



Z
Z
p

1
1
1
du
2
x 25 x dx = x u
=
u1/2 du = u3/2 + C = (25 x2 )3/2 + C.
2x
2
3
3

u = 25 x2 ,

12. Compute
Z

du = 2x dx,

du
dx =
2x

x2

dx.
x2 + 1

x2

dx =
x2 + 1

(tan )2
p
(sec )2 d =
(tan )2 + 1

x = tan ,

(tan )2
p
(sec )2 d =
(sec )2
x2 + 1

dx = (sec )2 d

(tan )2
(sec )2 d =
sec

q
1

sec (tan )2 d =

sec (sec )2 1 d =

(sec )3 sec d =

p
1
1 p
1
1
sec tan ln | sec + tan | + C = x x2 + 1 ln | x2 + 1 + x| + C.
2
2
2
2

13. Compute

3 + 4x + 5x2 + 3x3
dx.
x2 (x + 3)

The top and the bottom both have degree 3, so I must divide the top by the bottom:
3 + 4x + 5x2 + 3x3
3 + 4x 4x2
=3+
.
2
x (x + 3)
x2 (x + 3)
Ill put the 3 aside for now, and work on the fraction:
C
A
B
3 + 4x 4x2
= + 2+
.
2
x (x + 3)
x
x
x+3
Clear denominators:
3 + 4x 4x2 = Ax(x + 3) + B(x + 3) + Cx2 .
Set x = 0: I get 3 = 3B, so B = 1.
Set x = 3: I get 45 = 9C, so C = 5.
Plug B and C back in:
3 + 4x 4x2 = Ax(x + 3) + (x + 3) 5x2 .
Differentiate:
4 8x = A(x + 3) + Ax + 1 10x.
8

Set x = 0: I 4 = 3A + 1, so A = 1.
Therefore,
3 + 4x 4x2
5
1
1
= + 2
.
x2 (x + 3)
x x
x+3
Hence,
3 + 4x + 5x2 + 3x3
1
1
5
= 3+ + 2
.
x2 (x + 3)
x x
x+3
Finally,

Z
Z 
3 + 4x + 5x2 + 3x3
1
1
5
1
3
+
dx = 3x + ln |x| 5 ln |x + 3| + C.

dx
=
+
x2 (x + 3)
x x2
x+3
x

14. Compute

x3 e4x dx.
Z

d
dx
+

x3

3x
+

6x
6

dx

e4x

1 4x
e
4
1 4x
e
16
1 4x
e
64

1 4x
e
256
Z
1
3
6
6 4x
x3 e4x dx = x3 e4x x2 e4x + xe4x
e + C.
4
16
64
256
+

15. Compute

e4x cos 2x dx.

Z

d
dx
+

e4x

cos 2x
2 sin 2x

+ 4 cos 2x
Z

dx

1 4x
e
4
1 4x
e
16

Z
1 4x
1 4x
1
e cos 2x dx = e cos 2x + e sin 2x
e4x cos 2x dx,
4
8
4
Z
1
1
5
e4x cos 2x dx = e4x cos 2x + e4x sin 2x,
4
4
8
Z
1
1
e4x cos 2x dx = e4x cos 2x + e4x sin 2x + C.
5
10
4x

16. Compute

cos 3x sin 2x dx.

Z

d
dx
+

cos 3x
3 sin 3x

sin 2x

1
cos 2x
2

1
sin 2x
4

+ 9 cos 3x
Z

17. Compute

dx

Z
3
9
1
cos 3x sin 2x dx,
cos 3x sin 2x dx = cos 3x cos 2x sin 3x sin 2x +
2
4
4
Z
3
1
5
cos 3x sin 2x dx = cos 3x cos 2x sin 3x sin 2x,

4
2
4
Z
3
2
cos 3x sin 2x dx = cos 3x cos 2x + sin 3x sin 2x + C.
5
5

dx
dx.
x1/2 (x1/3 + x1/4 )

Since the least common multiple of 2, 3, and 4 is 12, Ill let x = u12 :
Z

dx
dx =
x1/2 (x1/3 + x1/4 )

12u11 du
= 12
u6 (u4 + u3 )

u2
du = 12
u+1

Z 
u1+

1
u+1

du =



x = u12 , dx = 12u11 du




1 1/6
1 2
u u + ln |u + 1| + C = 12
x x1/12 + ln |x1/12 + 1| + C.
12
2
2

18. Compute
Since

x2

x2
dx.
8x + 25

1
(8) = 4 and (4)2 = 16, I have
2
x2 8x + 25 = x2 8x + 16 + 9 = (x 4)2 + 9.

Therefore,
Z

x2
dx =
x2 8x + 25

x2
dx =
(x 4)2 + 9

[u = x 4,
Z

u
du +
u2 + 9

du = dx;

(u + 4) 2
du =
u2 + 9

u+2
du =
u2 + 9

x = u + 4]

2
1
2
u
1
2
x4
du = ln |u2 + 9| + tan1 + C = ln |(x 4)2 + 9| + tan1
+ C.
u2 + 9
2
3
3
2
3
3

I did the first part of the u-integral using the substitution w = u2 + 9.

10

19. How would you try to decompose

2(x 2)2
using partial fractions?
x3 (x2 + 4)2

2(x 2)2
A
C
Dx + E
B
Fx + G
= + 2+ 3+ 2
.
+ 2
x3 (x2 + 4)2
x
x
x
x +4
(x + 4)2

20. Why do you try the partial fractions decomposition

C
A
B
5x
+
=
+
(x 1)2 (x + 1)
x 1 (x 1)2
x+1
rather than the decomposition

5x
B
A
+
=
?
(x 1)2 (x + 1)
(x 1)2
x+1

Partial fractions is the opposite of combining fractions over a common denominator. In this case, the
5x
? Both of the decompositions above could
question is: What fractions would add up to
(x 1)2 (x + 1)
occur, since both have (x 1)2 (x + 1) as the common denominator.
However, since you dont know beforehand what the fractions are, you must assume the worst case
A
namely, that there might be an
term.
x1
21. What is wrong with the following partial fractions decomposition?
A B
C
7
= + +
.
x(x 1)
x
x
x1
D
The first two terms could be combined into a single term , so theyre redundant. There is no reason
x
to list the same denominator twice.

22. Find the partial fractions decomposition of

3x4 + x3 6x2 3
.
x(x2 + 1)2
Try the decomposition
A Bx + C
3x4 + x3 6x2 3
Dx + E
= + 2
.
+ 2
x(x2 + 1)2
x
x +1
(x + 1)2
Clear denominators:
3x4 + x3 6x2 3 = A(x2 + 1)2 + (Bx + C)(x)(x2 + 1) + (Dx + E)(x).
Set x = 0: I get A = 3. Plug it back in:
3x4 + x3 6x2 3 = 3(x2 + 1)2 + (Bx + C)(x)(x2 + 1) + (Dx + E)(x).
11

Differentiate:
12x3 + 3x2 12x = 12x(x2 + 1) + B(x3 + x) + (Bx + C)(3x2 + 1) + 2Dx + E.
Set x = 0: I get C + E = 0.
Differentiate again:
36x2 + 6x 12 = 36x2 12 + B(3x2 + 1) + B(3x2 + 1) + (Bx + C)(6x) + 2D.
Set x = 0: I get B + D = 0.
Cancel the 36x2 and 12 terms in the previous equation, then differentiate:
6x = B(3x2 + 1) + B(3x2 + 1) + (Bx + C)(6x) + 2D,
6 = 6Bx + 6Bx + 6Bx + (Bx + C)(6).
Set x = 0: I get C = 1. Since C + E = 0, it follows that E = 1.
Plug C = 1 back in, then simplify the equation:
6 = 24Bx + 6,

or

0 = 24Bx.

Set x = 1: I get B = 0. But B + D = 0, so D = 0.

Hence,
3x4 + x3 6x2 3
3
1
1
= + 2
.

x(x2 + 1)2
x x + 1 (x2 + 1)2

23. (a) Compute

x2 + 8x 4
dx.
x(x2 + x 2)

x(x2 + x 2) = x(x 1)(x + 2), so I try

A
B
C
x2 + 8x 4
= +
+
.
2
x(x + x 2)
x
x1 x+2
Clear denominators:
x2 + 8x 4 = A(x 1)(x + 2) + Bx(x + 2) + Cx(x 1).
Set x = 0: I get 4 = 2A, or A = 2.
Set x = 1: I get 3 = 3B, or B = 1.
Set x = 2: I get 24 = 6C, or C = 4.
Therefore,

Z
Z 
x2 + 8x 4
2
1
4
dx = 2 ln |x| + ln |x 1| 4 ln |x + 2| + C.
dx =
+

x(x2 + x 2)
x x1 x+2
(b) If you use the antiderivative in (a) to compute
Z

1/2

x2 + 8x 4
dx,
x(x2 + x 2)

you get
1/2

[2 ln |x| + ln |x 1| 4 ln |x + 2|]1 =



1
1
2 ln + ln 4 ln 32 (2 ln 1 + ln 2 4 ln 1) 4.39445.
2
2
12

Does this computation make sense? Why or why not?

The computation is incorrect, because the antiderivative is valid only within intervals which dont
1
contain the singularities at x = 2, x = 0, and x = 1. The interval 1 x includes the singularity at
2
x = 0. It is not legal to simply plug in the endpoints to do this definite integral correctly, you should
set it up as two improper integrals.

24. Find the area of the region under y =

(x2

x
from x = 0 to .
+ 1)2

y=

x
(x 2+ 1)2

The area is
A=

x
dx = lim
2
c
(x + 1)2

c
0

c



x
1
1
1
1
dx
=
lim

lim

1
= .
=

2
2
2
2
c
(x + 1)
2(x + 1) 0
2 c c + 1
2

Heres the work for the antiderivative:

Z
Z
Z
x
x du
du
1
1
1
dx =

=
=
+C =
+ C.
2
2
2
2
2
(x + 1)
u 2x
2
u
2u
2(x + 1)

u = x2 + 1,

25. Compute

du = 2x dx,

du
dx =
2x

xe3x dx.

xe3x dx = lim

b+

b

1
1
xe3x e3x =
b+
3
9
0

xe3x dx = lim



1
1
1
1
1
= 0 0 + = .
be3b e3b +
b+
3
9
9
9
9
lim

Heres the work for the two limits:

lim e3b = lim

b+

b+

lim be3b = lim

b+

b+

1
= 0,
e3b

b
1
= lim
= 0.
b+ 3e3b
e3b

I used LH
opitals Rule to compute the second limit.
13

Heres the work for the antiderivative:

d
dx

e3x

26. Compute

11

dx

1
e3x
3
1 3x
e
9

1
1
xe3x dx = xe3x e3x + C.
3
9

1
dx.
x3
Z

11

1
dx =
x3

1
dx +
x3

11
3

1
dx.
x3

The first integral is

3

dx = lim
3
a3
x3


a


3
1
3
3
2/3
2/3

dx
=
lim
(x

3)
lim
(a

3)

1
= .
=
3
a3
a3
2
2
2
x3
2

The second integral is

Z

11

dx = lim
3
b3+
x3

11

11



3
3
1
2/3
2/3

(b

3)
= 6.
(x

3)
lim
=
dx
=
lim
3
b3+ 2
2 b3+
x3
b

Therefore,
Z

11

1
9
3
dx = + 6 = .
2
2
x3
y =3

x-3

1
has a vertical asymptote at x = 3, but the (signed) area on each side is finite.
x3
The negative area to the left of x = 3 partially cancels the positive area to the right of x = 3. Thus, the
integral in this problem does not represent the actual area bounded by the graph, the x-axis, and the lines
x = 2, x = 3, and x = 11.
The graph of
3

27. Prove that

ex dx converges.

14

The interval of integration is x 0. On this interval, x x4 , so x x4 , and ex ex . Therefore,

Z

Now
Z

Since

dx = lim

ex dx

ex dx.

b



ex dx = lim ex 0 = lim eb + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1.
b

ex dx converges, (*) shows that

ex dx converges as well.
0

Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile. - Albert Einstein

c 2008 by Bruce Ikenaga

15

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