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A:A multi-story building is a building that supports two or more floors above gr
ound. There is no formal restriction on the height of such a building or the num
ber of floors a multi-story building may contain, though taller buildings do fac
e more practical difficulties.
A multi-story building may be designed as a place of business, such as a hospita
l, a law firm, a casino, a mall or a government building. Other types of multi-s
tory buildings include apartment compounds and local museums. Some communities i
nclude many multi-story apartment buildings to provide adequate housing within t
he local area, or to meet the housing needs of a growing community.
to the live load. So the load analysis has to be done carefully to make it stabl
e. ?The height exposes a skyscraper to various forces: 1) Wind Forces: As height
of the skyscraper increases wind force acting on it also increases. So analysis
of wind forces is very important. 2) Seismic Forces: A skyscraper can be made t
o tolerate seismic forces using : Tuned Mass Dampers Friction Pendulum Bearing (
FPB) 11
12. ADVANTAGES ?Multipurpose: The whole structure can be used as residential, co
mmercial and institutional. ?Space : It increases the total floor area and its b
est suited where land prices are expensive. ?Views : It provides long-range view
in congested city. ?Symbolism : It gives the symbol of the country or state for
wealth, power, history etc. ?Broadcasting : It provides excellent site for inst
alling broadcasting equipment. 12
13. DISADVANTAGES ?Safety : Hundred percent safety cannot be achieved in skyscra
per. Defective towers may pose a risk of falling and cause severe damage. The oc
cupants at higher floor level gets difficult in evacuation during emergency. ?Co
st of construction: All the process involved are very expensive(design, construc
tion). ?Environmental impact : Pollution increases as lots of materials like ste
el, cement, etc. are used in the construction. Noise pollution due to large numb
er of people and automobile. ?Psychological impacts: the old age people and chil
dren will have psychological impact in living at high height. 13
14. SKYSCRAPER SAFETY ?Design of a skyscraper is of prime importance to make it
safe and stable against the loads acting on it. ?Fire safety and management plan
s are needed to minimize the danger on lives. ?There should be egress planned fo
r evacuation in case of emergency. 14 Figure 8: Terror attacks on WTC
15. TALLEST SKYSCRAPERS 15Figure 9: Burj khalifa, (829 m) Taipei 101 (509m) Petr
onas tower (451.9m)
16. SKYSCRAPER SCENARIO IN INDIA MUMBAI SKYLINE AT NIGHT KOLKATA SKYLINE 16 Figu
re 10: Mumbai skyline Figure 11: Kolkata Skyline
17. GREEN SKYSCRAPERS ?A global movement of green skyscrapers is upon us. Archit
ects, engineers, developers, and clients with the influence of governmental guid
elines, are pioneering shift towards eco-towers. Qualities ?Energy Efficient and
Eco-Friendly ?Efficient Water Recycling ?Quality indoor air. 17Figure 11: The H
earst Tower
18. CONCLUSION Sky is the limit foremost learning of the project. The competition
for the tallest is never going to end. More ambitious projects are coming up aro
und the world including World One in Mumbai. The greed to make the tallest has c
ompromised the need to make a safe skyscraper. This was highlighted during 9/11
terror attacks on World Trade Center. The need for Green Skyscraper is immense t
o reduce impact on the environment. New generation engineers have a lot to innov
ate and make skyscrapers green and safe. 18
19. REFERENCES ? Thornton, Mark., Skyscrapers and Business cycles ? Mir M. Ali., E
volution of concrete structure . ? Das, M. M., Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachines , P
HI Learning Private Limited, 2012. ? Internet surfing ? www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildin
gbig/skyscraper: A website that discusses mega structures in the world. ? www.sk
yscraperpage.com: Skyscraper enthusiast website featuring buildings database and
discussion forum ? http://www.timesofindia.com : Daily Newspaper in India. 19