Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4/2012
FAZELE INFRACIUNII
INTENIONATE.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Elena-Giorgiana SIMIONESCU*
Elena-Giorgiana SIMIONESCU**
Abstract:
This study analyzes the
development stagess of the intentional crime, steps
that the criminal activity can go through since its
conception until the moment of socially dangerous
consequences.
Lect. univ. dr., Departamentul tiine Juridice, Facultatea de Relaii Internaionale, Drept i tiine
Administrative, Universitatea Constantin Brncui din Tg-Jiu
**
University Lecturer, PhD, Department of Juridical Sciences, Faculty of International Relations, Law and
Administrative Sciences Constantin Brncui University of Tg-Jiu
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activity.
The criminal doctrine31 is unanimous to
distinguish two periods in which it is
developed the criminal activity: the internal
period or stage (mental, spiritual, subjective)
and the external period or stage.
As I said, the physical activity is
preceded by a mental attitude, so, before the
beginning of the physical activity there is a
spiritual period.
After the physical activity there have to
be some consequences and after this, we
have a period of consequences. In other
words, making the physical activity is
between the spiritual period bordering the
starting point of this work and the
consequences period which is adjacent to its
terminal point, forming a median period,
called execution period32
The execution period is in the external
stage or period of the criminal activity and
consists of acts done to achieve (performance
or implementing) the criminal resolution,
period beginning from the time that passed to
an external manifestation and ends when the
physical activity has fully been made.
2. Internal period
The spiritual period, which by its nature
is internal, because it is carried in the human
mind and cannot be known until he passed to
the execution period, to acts of conduct (ex
post), is familiar with three phases or
moments that can take more or less time or
which are distinguished only ideally:
9 the stage or moment of designing the
idea, so, when it is born, when the
idea germinates crimes, the reason
that interests the criminologists and
judges
the
operation
of
individualization of punishment;
9 the stage or moment of deliberating33,
moment when there are balanced and
compared the reasons for and against
the idea of committing the crime;
9 the stage or the moment of decision,
it is the time when the decision to
commit the offense is taken; it is the
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n
unele
situaii,
activitatea
infracional se prelungete dup momentul
consumrii, datorit amplificrii rezultatului
iniial sau continurii activitii infracionale,
deci
urmrile
sporesc.
Este
cazul
infraciunilor
continui,
continuate,
progresive, de obicei, care, pe lng
momentul consumrii, cunosc un moment al
epuizrii care coincide cu momentul cnd nu
mai sunt posibile alte urmri, deci, faptul s-a
epuizat.
Astfel de faze sunt posibile la orice
infraciune
comisiv,
intenionat,
susceptibil de desfurare n timp,
susceptibil de durat, ns nu sunt
obligatorii la toate22, n sensul c, faza de
pregtire a infraciunii poate lipsi la
infraciunile ce se comit cu intenie repentin
(spontan).
Exist situaii n care fazele de
defurare nu sunt posibile23:
- la infraciunile din culp simpl
(neglijena, nesocotina), acolo unde nu s-a
prevzut un rezultat i nu s-a urmrit un
anume scop, nu poate exista nici pregtirea,
nici ncercarea de executare, doar
consumarea infraciunii. Nici chiar la
infraciunile cu intenie indirect (eventual)
nu sunt posibile fazele, deoarece un rezultat
eventual, pe care autorul l prevede i chiar l
accept, nu-l urmrete; iar, cine nu
urmrete un rezultat, acela nu face nici
pregtire, nici ncercare de realizare. Acelai
lucru privete infraciunile comise din culp
cu prevedere, unde autorul, din uurin,
spernd c un anumit rezultat nu se va ivi,
nici nu se pregtete i nici nu nceac
realizarea lui.
- la infraciunile svrite prin
inaciune, fazele de desfurare nu sunt
posibile, ntruct inaciunea nu poate fi
ncercat i pn n momentul apariiei
rezultatului socialmente periculos, persoana
putea s acioneze, iar dac acesta s-a
produs, infraciunea s-a consumat.
- infraciunile cu execuie rapid nu
au o durat i nu comport faze de
desfurare. Exemplu: infraciunea de
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Bucharest, 2010;
4. Constantin Bulai, Bogdan Bulai,
Manual of penal law. Genaral part, All
Publishing House, Bucharest, 2007;
5. Constantin Butiuc, Elements of
penal law, Lumina Lex Publishing House,
Bucharest, 1998;
6. Traian Dima, Penal law, General
part, vol. I, Lumina Lex Publising House,
Bucharest, 2004;
7. Vintil Dongoroz, Penal law,
Republising the edition from 1939, Tempus
Society and the Romanian Association of
Penal Sciences Publishing House, Bucharest,
2000;
8. Narcis Giurgiu, Penal law i the
crime doctrine, legislation, jurisprudence.
Gama Publishing House, 1994
9. Constantin Mitrache, Cristian
Mitrache, Romanian Penal law. Genaral
part, Legal universe, Bucharest, 2011;
10. Florin Streteanu, Penal law treaty
General part, vol. I C. H. Beck Publishing
House, Bucharest, 2008
11. Mihail Udroiu, Penal law.
General part. Special part, C.H.Beck,
Publishing House, Bucharest, 2011
12. Ion Oancea, Penal law treaty
General part, All Publishing House,
Bucharest, 1995;
13. Maria Zolyneak, M. I. Michinici,
Penal law. General part, Fundaia Chemarea
Publishing House, Iai, 1999.
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Narcis Giurgiu, Legea penal i infraciunea - doctrin, legislaie, practic judiciar, Editura Gama, 1994, p.
178;
2
Drumul parcurs ntre prima manifestare i momentul terminal al activitii psihice se numete drumul
infraciunii(iter criminis): Vintil Dongoroz, Drept penal, Reeditarea ediiei din 1939, Editura Societii
Tempus i Asociaia Romna de tiine Penale, Bucureti, 2000, p. 208 sau calea infracional: Matei
Basarab, Drept penal, Partea general, vol. I, Editura Lumina Lex, Bucureti, 2001, p. 348;
3
Constantin Butiuc, Elemente de drept penal, Editura Lumina Lex, Bucureti, 1998, p. 32;
4
Traian Dima, Drept Penal, Partea general, Vol. I, Editura Lumina Lex, Bucureti, 2004, p. 251;
5
Vintil Dongoroz, op. cit., p. 207;
6
Alexandru Boroi, Gheorghe Nistoreanu, Drept penal. Partea general, ediia a 4-a, Editura All Beck,
Bucureti, 2004 , p. 153;
7
Ilie Pascu, Drept penal. Partea general, Editura Europa Nova, Bucureti, 2001, p. 203;
8
Vintil Dongoroz, Siegfried Kahane, Ion Oancea, Iosif Fodor, Nicoleta Iliescu, Constantin Bulai, Rodica
Mihaela Stnoiu, Explicaii teoretice ale Codului penal romn, Partea general, vol. I, Editura Academiei
Romne, Bucureti, 1969, p. 131;
9
Vintil Dongoroz, op. cit., p. 208;
10
n literatura de specialitate, acest moment a mai fost denumit i lupta ideilor: Constantin Butiuc, op. cit., p.
33;
11
Matei Basarab, op. cit., p. 349;
12
Constantin Mitrache, Cristian Mitrache, Drept penal romn, Partea general, Casa de Editur i Pres
ansa - SRL, Bucureti, 2002, p. 211;
13
Ion Oancea, Tratat de Drept Penal, Partea general, Editura All, Bucureti, 1994, p. 124;
14
Matei Basarab, op. cit., p. 349;
15
Vintil Dongoroz i colaboratorii, op. cit., p. 133;
16
Vintil Dongoroz, op. cit., p. 208;
17
Matei Basarab, op. cit., p. 349;
18
Vintil Dongoroz, op. cit., p. 208;
19
Matei Basarab, op. cit., p. 349;
20
Narcis Giurgiu, op. cit., p. 182;
21
Vintil Dongoroz i colaboratorii, op. cit., p. 132;
22
Constantin Mitrache, Cristian Mitrache, op. cit., p. 211;
23
Ion Oancea, op. cit., p. 124
24
Narcis Girgiu, Penal law and the crime, doctrine, legislation, jurisprudence, Gama Publishing, 1994, page 178
25
The road between the first manifestation and the terminal moment of the psychological activity is called "the
road of the crime" (iter criminis): Vintil Dongoroz, Penal Law, Republishing edition of 1939, Tempus Society
and the Romanian Association of Penal Sciences Publishing House, Bucharest, 2000, p 208 or "the criminal
path" Matei Basarab, Penal Law, General Part, Volume I, Lumina Lex Publishing House, Bucharest, 2001, p
348;
26
Constantin Butiuc, Penal Law elements, Lumina Lex Publishing House, Bucharest, 1998, page 32
27
Traian Dima, Penal Law, General part, Vol. I, Lumina Lex Publishing House, Bucharest, 2004, p. 251;
28
Vintil Dongoroz, op. cit., p. 207;
29
Alexandru Boroi, Gheorghe Nistoreanu, Penal Law. General part, fourt edition, All Beck Publishing
House, Bucharest, 2004 , p. 153;
30
Ilie Pascu, Penal Law. General part, Europa Nova Publising House, Bucharest, 2001, p. 203;
31
Vintil Dongoroz, Siegfried Kahane, Ion Oancea, Iosif Fodor, Nicoleta Iliescu, Constantin Bulai, Rodica
Mihaela Stnoiu, Theoretical explanations of the Romanian Penal Code, General part, vol. I, Academia
Romna Publising House , Bucharest, 1969, p. 131;
32
Vintil Dongoroz, op. cit., p. 208;
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33
In littereture this moment was also called the battle of ideas, Constantin Butiuc, op. cit., p. 33;
Matei Basarab, op. cit., p. 349;
35
Constantin Mitrache, Cristian Mitrache, Romanin Penal Law, Genaral part, ansa Publishing House- SRL,
Bucharest, 2002, p. 211;
36 36
Ion Oancea, Penal Law Treaty, Genaral part, All Publising House, Bucharest, 1994, p. 124;
37
Matei Basarab, op. cit., p. 349;
38
Vintil Dongoroz et al, op. cit., p 133;
39
Vintil Dongoroz, op. cit., p. 208;
40
Matei Basarab, op. cit., p. 349;
41
Vintil Dongoroz, op. cit., p. 208;
42
Matei Basarab, op. cit., p. 349;
43
Narcis Giurgiu, op. cit., p. 182;
44
Vintil Dongoroz et al, op. cit., p 132;
45
Constantin Mitrache, Cristian Mitrache, op. cit., p. 211;
46 46
Ion Oancea, op. cit., p. 124
34
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