Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
OF
THIC
LANGUAGE
GAELIC
BY
ALEXANDER
LL.D.
MACBAIN,
^.
'f^
I
1 n
of
Med/ae,J^
n
nv
"
/'
SIIRLING:
ENEAS
1911
MACKAY
1896
EDITION
FIRST
2)e^lcate^
MEMORY
REV
ALEXANDER
CAMERON,
LL-D.
BIOGRAPHICAL
Alexander
MacBain,
feshie
of
Badenoch,
spent
his
boyhood
there
as
the
pupil
Ordnance
Old
to
until
he
The
when
His
though
in the
of
value
great
study
and
A
of
for
Gaelic
comprise,
"Who
were
the
Badenoch
"
Personal
with
"
the
Rev.
"The
John
"
Kennedy
short
edited
He
but
valuable
Inverness,
edition
His
of
present
making
Skene's
he
prepared
of
from
demise
is
the
arrangements
however,
second
issued
Whyte,
John
and
when
is
in
"
The
an
1896,
Etymological
of
which
Unfortunately,
edition.
April, 1907,
the
added
he
school-books
Gaelic
of
student
the
Mr
of
volumes
two
Dictionary.
Language,"
with
collaboration
which
to
with
personally superintending
in
for
matter
Names,"
Place
the
out
Ptolemy's
"
In
Deer."
of
form.
Chattan,"
Clan
of
the
Burial,"
"Celtic
on
is
in
pamphlet
in
Highland
brought
useful
work,
Gaelic
the
years,
and
Transactions
the
in
Names,"
Along
Gaelic
24
in hand.
took
also
Highlanders,"
two
important
in
much
excursus.
MacEachan's
volume
prevented
sudden
he
most
Dictionary
"
he
Place
Book
Reliquiae Celticse,"containing
Gaelic.
which
articles
and
The
personal
work,
preparatory
and
Element
and
and
only
over
Chieftainship
Clans,
mythology,
place
appeared
others,
Norse
Names,"
subjects
In
of Aberdeen.
originality exercised
and
Inverness,
Picts?"
The
much
close
the
Inverness.
of
and
the
to
until
time
field covered
extending
papers
besides
History,
Geography,"
"
his
of
Society
These
"
of
transferred
University
customs,
acumen
of the
number
post
was
Celtic
involved
the
elucidation
large
the
and
voluminous,
This
School
studies
King's
to
Inverness.
High
the
later,
went
the
that
by
he
received
From
LL.D.
with
year,
same
Board.
in the
career
time
year
years
the
in
short
nineteenth
two
and,
literary output,
not
his
school
philology,history, manners
names.
In
He
his
began
a
Glen-
in
1855.
year
for
was
the
position
his
he
born
was
the
in
Raining's School,
local
an
of
range
1880
1894,
made
on
School
of
book,
district, and
Later
rector
held
was
native
in Wales.
of the
life he
1901
his
in
this
of
Inverness-shire,
Grammar
of
administration
author
teacher.
graduated
held
of his
in
Survey
appointment
he
the
in
Aberdeen
College
NOTES
in
publisher.
its
the
he
publication by
town
of
the
was
his
Stirling
EDITORIAL
The
edition
present
consists
of
the
additions,
''
and
written
Gaelic
jottings
has
letters
Lecturer
in
Glasgow,
who
the
which
text,
Gaelic
reaching
Celtic
the
the
it
work
and
brackets
has
with
any
have
suggestions
by
been
an
of
followed
expert
Rev.
left
may
often
of
the
after
press,
"
and
could
be
few
confidence.
the
point
belief
Even
that
the
deciphered,
way
mere
towards
findings.
CALUM
seeing
"Ed."
of
in
of
University
intention
Outlines
"
the
from
Henderson,
the
in
words
the
George
through
which
out
given,
Dr
his
the
except
changes
slight
abandon
by
measure
been
the
Dictionary
page
work
Literature
to
books.
Etymology,
few
of
necessary
sixteenth
in
and
Languages
found
Nothing
thought
are
Gaelic
of
these
of
and
edition,
MacBain's
TDr
to
first
the
of
end
copies
Outlines
Etymological
suggestions
applied
added
brackets,
square
the
at
interleaved
on
The
to
in
"
the
from
Etymologies,"
and
the
from
drawn
corrections
Words
been
Supplement
original
and
interposed
with
edition,
original
Corrigenda
et
Nothing
the
the
Dictionary
Etymological
MacBain's
Dr
of
text
Further
Addenda
from
of
amendments,
author's
"
NOTE
MAC
PHARLAIN.
ar
queried
flashes
correct
of
CORRIGENDUM
At
the
foot
ADDENDUM
ET
97
of
m'a.
dropped
restore
page
To
goireag
391
on
Suth.
cock
of
hay;
also
in
of
parts
gbrag
large
=
Ed.)
add
page
coil
of
hay.
See
coileag
in
Dicty.
THE
FIRST
Etymological
Dictionary
PREFACE
This
TO
is
the
first
modern
any
Celtic
is
appearance
the
the
publication
volume
that
suggested
now
by
for
when
iind
they
iind
of
mass
for
as
fond
of
will
direct
them
this
latter
view
the
Of
words
words
large
Celtic
thirteen
The
is
per
for
work
Gaelic
is
founded
soon,
very
if
it
With
brief
account
by
especially
has
the
no
of
most
Highland
M'Alpine,
against
Gaelic
native
borrowed,
are
origin,
appeared.
yet
are
cent,
per
6900
vocabulary
the
that
any
doubtless
on
number
two-thirds
doubtful
though
guarded
of
about
of
are
with
the
of
so
tread.
to
otherwise
but
twenty
over
work
if
least,
at
are
too
Dictionary
given,
completest
supplemented
Dictionary,
this
in
vocabulary,
them,
the
path
called
philology.
not
the
cent,
philologic
dictionaries
none
appears
prefaced
are
words,
presented
sources.
of
work
proper
discussed
presented
and
the
have
principles
this
the
be
purged
who
Highlands,
the
just
scholars,
larger
our
and
what
will,
Gaelic,
in
hav"
but
will
Dictionary,
appear
in
Celtic
Scottish
or
prepared
book
present
third
work,
for
appeared.
of
that
in
this
present
countrymen
my
derivative
the
such
waited
an
friends
being
is
be
has
vocabulary
etymologising,
The
here
in
else
words
and,
of
work
pure
Irish
of
edition
nothing
nearly
which
at
that
as
learned
publish
to
yet
should
savant,
German
the
published
Some
Dictionary,
second
be
work.
early
too
Irish
German
that
that
to
it is
great
a
is
hope
should
made
Celticce,
Reliquiae
its
of
cause
promise
the
of
appeared
immediate
implement
Cameron's
Dr
has
that
the
and
to
dictionary
companion
the
desire
of
etymological
that
language,
EDITION
etymology
them
admitting
being
native.
are
Society's
M'Eachan,
and
and
Irish
Gaelic
other
words,
^.
PREFACE
T\itb
which
dictionaries
Shaw,
swarm.
Lhuyd
(1707)
makers
and
has
O'Reilly
O'Brien,
mainly
them
the
by
the
to
Windisch,
on
Irish
published
searched
far
the
thirty
or
book
follows
Latin
and
GrcEca,
Celtic
the
and,
be
too
true.
the
over
proceeded
more
That
from
always
look
of
am
sorry
University
my
proofs
and
hope
towards
indulgent
have
errors
fuller
centres,
and
make
the
reader
such
mistakes
ALEXANDER
Inverness,
13th
January,
1896.
the
of
get
as
Etynia
work
is
being
may
to
less
doubtfar
so
friends
be
meet
MACBAIN.
to
work
the
as
therefore,
he
profess
learned
suggestions
will,
on
Prellwitz'
not
unable,
to
the
works
and
the
into
was
last
form
In
does
crept
the
S'prache.
surnames
that
for
method
GriechiscJien
and
names
anything
done
Latina
his
to
however,
excellent
Etyma
der
have,
Continent.
Wharton's
the
especially,
vocabulary
complete.
Mr
been
Dr
to
missed
not
has
the
on
the
Worterhuch
editors
indebted
have
that
of
relied
have
particularly
more
trust
or
philology,
Etymolgisches
The
here
example
more
and
etymology
years
Greek
Lhuyd,
to
modern
by
Spi'achschatz.
and
own.
supplementing
especially
works,
wide,
Irish,
added
am
rkeltischer
and
of
way
twenty
various
his
trust
to
and
them.
by
etymologies,
lately
in
published
into
Atkinson,
and
for
Dictionary
had
early
Another
words,
(1815)
have
For
dictionary-
Irish
Shaw's
vocabularies
texts
Stokes'
Whitley
Ascoli,
numerous
the
For
words
from
words..
genuine
Vocabulary
Foley.
and
Coneys,
Irish
of
Armstrong
subsequent
and
incorporated
Irish
and
unscrupulously
Shaw's
getting
Gaelic
modern
genuine
of
simply
Shaw
plundered
many
Scotch
of
(1758),
the
(1823)
M'Farlane's
For
too
EDITION.
FIRST
those
1780,
O'Brien
been
THE
like
in
accepted
trouble
TO
all
with.
the
FURTHER
TO
PREFACE
ETYMOLOGIES
AND
Since
the
Gaelic
of
of
that
these,
work
public,
so
their
almost
that
being
of
In
weightiest
judgment
and
other
who
"
World
"
of
had
of
the
the
work,
Prellwitz,
unscientific
excluding
render
to
work
rule
not
was
overlooked
the
belong
to
This
was
one.
too,
followed
and
the
extreme
Irish
Celtic
words
philology
the
to
''
for
of
that
matter
best
was
it
was
present
found
the
a
pure
the
the
to
fault
best
service
vocabulary
an
preface
subject
criticism
Another
fest
Maninot
in
on
most
work.
dictionaries,
models
how
derivatives
are
indicated
and
tragedy,
asked
the
the
of
was
of
critics
Citizen
a
qjiota
with
meet
not
was
character
Skeat.
Why,
the
the
work
the
their
Dictionary
clearly
in
though
ordinary
the
Wharton,
in
in
words
to
comedy.
words
fail
CeltiseJie
gave
of
added
it
why
"
derivatives
etymological
the
comedy
it
Courier
well
as
from
suggestion
fur
philology
very
were
and
Zeitschrift
for
was
weight
Inverness
golden
derivative
question
the
to
work
reception
addition
and
corrigenda
that
of
most
general
did
any
thousand
seven
of
why
given
not
^uch
ask
to
in
periodicals
Nor
tragedy
any
the
on
its
of
way
the
Goldsmith's
on
it
own
my
Society
et
critics
of
Meyer
and
criticism.
acted
of
the
Scotland
j^ajDers
fruitful
in
best
addenda
the
criticisms
Kuno
Fhilologie.
thank
to
from
Gaelic
the
to
the
and
privately,
gleaned
of
sort
praise
th-e
Prof.
give
The
scholars,
foreign
form
have
here
unanimous
and
of
benefit
the
had
have
publicly
what
have
indeed.
flattering
with
to
as
dictiona-ry.
my
both
along
1896,
the
of
Dictionary
Etymological
my
January,
thinking,
and
reading
the
in
Language
result
of
publication
criticisms
WORDS
GAELIC
"
was
for
with
I
could
of
the
a;^^.
preface
to
Scottish
further
dialect
of
words
Gaelic
Gadelic
the
talk
;
"
redding
Celtic
the
patriotism,
but
especially
criticism,
for
The
critic
had
it
is
have
would
the
initials
method
is
The
words
These
and
criticisms
another
M'Eachan.
"
and
in
words
otherwise
already
words
new
and
overhauling
have
suggestions
of
(2)
traced
from
already
such
the
dictionaries
'
works
of
utility
capital
vowels,
(1)
come
headless
'
the
philological
work.
to
easy
such
philological
more
dictionary
my
'
so
and
contains
vocabulary
article.
without
accented
unsightly,
leading
each
shown
and
its
scientific
more
like
criticism
the
of
work
my
with
with
Gaelic,
for
before
see
Windisch
funny
beginning
offence
and
once
for
omitted.
from
in
etymologised
not
''
the
following
etymologies
private
at
to
eye
this
against
dictionary
troublesome
are
the
at
be
may
Prof.
adopted
acquaintance
fact
In
As
by
printing
his
removed
style.
of
G-aelic
and
marches.
of
impossibility
science.
same
seen
offended
the
of
Irish
not
used
are
again
Here
these
not
it
and
capitals,
is
etymologies.
congratulated
style
capitals
no
the
on
between
it
redd
to
passed
words
as
was
attempting
was
"
marches
and
for
etymologies
or
new
and
the
corrected
(3)
words
and
public
referred
to,
as
M'
and
Alpine
'
f
ABBREVIATIONS.
1.
BOOKS
2.
A.
M'D
"
Atk
"
Arm.,
B.
of
Arms.
"
Deer
"
Bez.
Beit.
"
LANGUAGE
C.S.
"
AND
Celt.
Con
"
Mag.
"
"
AUTHORITIES.
Gaelic
Macdonald's
Alexander
Atkinson's
Dictionary
with
So'iigs,
Passions
the
to
vocabulaiy.
and
tfomiliffi
Breac, 1887.
from the Leabhar
Gaelic Dictionaty, 1825.
Armstrong's
in Goidelica, 1872.
Book
of Deer, edited
by Stokes
der
Kxinde
Idg. Sprachen,
Bezzenberger's Beitrcige zur
still
German
periodical
proceeding.
a
Common
.....
Carm
TITLES.
Dr
Speech,
Alexander
Celtic
not
in
yet recorded
Carmichael
"
see
literature.
Magazine, 13 vols.,stopped
Coneys' Irish-English Dictionary, 1849.
The
quoted."
Authors
in
1888.
XtV.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Corm
Cormac's
"
Glossary,
Dr
by
L).
of
Four
"The
Mast.
Annals
of
of
Lismore's
the
Four
Masters,
Etiylish- Irish
Foley's
"
Hand
Dr
George
"
The
in
in
1892.
1851.
1848,
Soc.
Tr.
1855.
the
in
Celtic
of
University
Dictionary
Society's
Languages
Glasgow.
the
of
Gaelic
1828.
Language,
Gael.
edited
1868,
1862,
published
Lecturer
Henderson,
Highland
"
Inv.
in
Dictionary,
Literature
and
S.
and
Fol
H.
edited
Book,
"
1862
Stokes.
Whitely
Dean
in
published
Transactions
of
Gaelic
the
"
of
Society
Inverness,
still
proceeding.
L.
H.
na
Lehor
h-vAdre,
na
"
Book
the
or
the
of
Dun
Cow,
an
...
Irish
Lh
Lhuyd's
"
Leinster
Lib.
MS.
Book
1100.
Leinster,
1707.
Brittanica,
Archceologia
of
"
of
Irish
an
MS.
of
1150.
M'A
"
M'D
Gaelic
Macalpine's
Alexander
1832.
Dictionary,
Gaelick
Macdonald's
and
ulary,
Vocab-
English
"
74"!
.
M'E
M'Eachan's
Faclair,
M'Farlane's
Focalair
"
M'F
1862.
M'Leod
and
Gaelic
or
"
M'L
Dewar's
Dictionary
"
1815.
Vocabulary,
Gaelic
the
of
guage,
Lan-
1831.
Nich
Sheriff
Gaelic
Nicliolson's
Proverbs.
"
O'Br
O'Brien's
"
O'Cl
Irish-
O'Clery's
"
"
English
1768
Dictionary,
in
republished
Glossary,
and
1832.
Celtique,
Revue
Vols.
O'R
O'Reilly's
"
Rev.
Celt.
Revue
.
"Rob
17th
the
Donn,
Rev.
Chas
C.
Bard
Reay
now
in
given
of
author
as
(Suth.).
pamphlets
on
dialects
Scottish
The
of
Celtic
Cameron
D
Poems
Ossianic
(faelic
Shaw's
and
Dr
"
Stew
Highlands.
vol.,
"
Stokes
Whitley
"Vocabulary
the
at
see
of
end
the
by
Rev
edited
by
Donald
Smith.
Dr
1780.
Dictionary,
English
"
St
Scottish
1885.
Dana,
"^ean
"
Sh
the
Revieio,
"
S.
Paris,
at
sometimes
Robertson,
M.
cei'tain
S.
published
vol.
"
]82S.
Dictiona7'y,
periodical
Rob.
.
1643.
Irish-English
its
R.
date
v.,
Celtique,
"
IV.
Authors
quoted
Stewart's
(Taelic
"
Collection.
....
Wh
John
"
Zeit
Inverness
Whyte,
Kuhn's
Zeitschrift
"
still
periodical
An
that
"of
the
(*)
asterisk
the
word
edition
is
or
denotes
obselete.
the
number
always
The
of
f.
sometimes
volume.
entered
as
Sprachforschung,
vergl
(Arg.j.
German
proceeding.
word
hypothetical
numeral
the
above
the
line
the
denotes
sign
(t)
the
denotesnumber
AUTHORS
abbot
AuAMNAN,
by
edited
AscoLi
St
who
1857,
re-issued
in
"
Gall
Bezzenberger
and
Stokes'
Bez.
the
has
is
BRrcMANN
Germanic
Cameron
late
Ca?,[eron
of
the
of
St
Columba^
MSS.
which
of
has
above,
of
the
Milan
and
vowels
contributed
Celtic
it
to
in
etymologies
suggested
or
Dr
large
Gaelic
of
the
Mr
John
Cameron
Comparative
work,
where
edited
the
of
and
his
of
the
of
of
is
treated.
fully
Celtic
left
he
where
which
Celticce.
the
in
Indo-
material
1883.
of Plants,
Hebrides,
the
Revieio,
MS.
the
Reliquice
Names
Gaelic
the
Grammar
Celtic
Scottish
etymologies,
volumes
two
Customs
Agrestic
Dictionai'y.
"
the
Cameron
basis
Cakmichaei/s
noted
English
Dr
the
:
editions
Irish,"
comments
of
valuable
published
forms
Beit,
author
Languages,"
The
his
life
1874.
issued.
Middle
the
wrote
in
Sprachschatz.
St^'utmaun
Bradley's
with
furnished
Urlceltischer
704,
Skene
Ancient
of
already
are
edits
articles,
in
by
connection
Glossary
consonants
some
died
lona,
Reeves
publishing
is
and
of
QUOTED.
Commission
Napier
Report.
Edmonston
is
the
author
author
Ernault,
contributor
FiC'K,
of
Languages
2
De
of
in
that
Guterbock,
author
Hennessey,
who
Ossiaii
Klugb,
in
the
of
5th
Language,
author
the
Mackinnon
in
as
Stokes'
1894.
Scottish
the
Language,
much
written
Loan-words
his
in
in
Irish
Criticism
Celtic
on
1882.
of
Dictionary
Etymohg/cal
Macpherson's
of
German
the
mostly.
Vieux-Breton,
\'ocabidaire
his
Dr
1871.
used
the
under
to
Prof.
alia
is
-Treasure,
of
edition
Bezzenberger
edition
has
Gelt.,
Latin
best
and
fourth
Dr
1879-1887.
etymologies
here
Indo-Germanic
The
otherwise.
August
latest
edition
referred
Rev.
on
.some
lemy,
inter
of
usually
jMackinnon
Aca
this
Word
and
Breton,
the
and
Dictionani
and
brochure
Stokes
of
vols.,
the
periodical
of
ofltered
compiler
Loth,
of
1876.
Celtic
Early
edition,
editor
Jubainville,
of
in
volume
Etymological
Paisley
1808,
philology
the
Dictionary
Whitley
second
Sprachy.hatz
author
vols.,
the
Dr
Dialect.
Orkney
Middle
Breton.
on
completed
the
of
of
articles
many
yeti,
with
Glossary
Dictionary
Comparative
1890
:
Urlceltischer
Jamieson,
of
translated
in
collaborateurs
Celt,
Rev.
the
(not
begun
Etymological
an
Etymological
an
the
to
compiler
was
of
of
the
1884,
work
name
Jnv.
Gael.
Soc.
Tr.,
Celt.
in
Mag
and
in
the
Scotsman.
M'Lean
Hector
and
K.
editor
Meyer,
"c.,
Maclean
all
Murray,
process
with
editor
of
wi'ote
periodicals
of
Cath
here
many
quoted
Finntrdga,
articles
as
an
1884,
on
(Gaelic
authority
Vision
philology
on
of
the
in
papers
news-
language.
MacConglinne,
1892,
vocabularies.
of
the
publication.
Philological
Society's
Ncio
English
Diciiovary
in
QUOTED.
AUTHORS
^Vl.
OSTHOFF
Rhys
of
compiler
Prellwitz,
Prof.
Britain,
1884,
author
Skeat,
Stokes
work
it
is
to
this
his
work
in
Irish
the
is
author
Thurneysen,
in
this
has
lieen
Manx
Language.
articles
too
used
was
to
numerous
throughout
the
refers.
always
Lengthening
Vowels
of
case.
Kelto-romanisches,
use
the
to
English
Compensatory
on
reference
of
though
here,
to
nearly
name
paper
usual
the
Celtic
1879,
Language.
and
Sprachschatz
Urkeltischer
books
of
Manx
of
Dictionary
1892.
colophon
the
of
Greek,
Philology,
and
1886,
author
Strachan's
Prof.
Strachan
Welsh
on
Phonetics
the
Stokes,
His
here.
Lectures
Etymological
the
Whitley
detail
of
on
264-294.
of
Dictionary
Lectures,
vols.,
of
Dr
an
Hihbtrt
Book,
Prayer
Etymological
author
is
Rhys
Forschungtn*
Indogermanischen
in
especially
the
1884,
made
his
of
work
articles
referred
usually
in
Zeit.
and
Rev.
Celtique.
author-
Wharton,
Avork,
Etymology,
mit
Concise
Irish
of
Latina,
Etyma
Worterhuch,
Grammar,
of
Celtic
the
1890.
used
additions
thiis
throughout
Keltische
Sprac/ten
Curtius'
to
in
the
Greek
etc.
Zeuss,
G7'ammatica
ZiMMER,
editor
Norse
of
and
1882,
Texte
Encyklopcedie,
Allgemeine
1884,
Irische
of
author
Grceca,
Etyma
of
editor
WiNDiscH,
pursued
influence
Celtica,
of
Glossce
in
on
second
Bihernica%
Zeit.,
Irish,
and
many
Ebel.
author
of
Beitriige,
in
1881,
Keltische
of
by
edition
other
articles.
Keltische
which
Studicn,
he
discusses
1881,
the
ETYMOLOGY,
GAELIC
OF
OUTLINES
INTRODUCTION.
Gaelic
belongs
itself
branch
it
for
has
those
in
of
from
grammar
be
considered
'This
found
and
descended
it
Sarmatia
'of
and
is
Aryan
now
the
primitive
Aryans
form
Helvetii
in
of
weary
of
the
child
huts, packed
and
oxen,
Celts
move
up
latter
on
the
Danube,
the
Gulf
Indians
and
"
Teutons
went
The
Aryan
former
and
or
the
divisible
Arian,
old
the
home
Rhine
and
Hellenes
two
their
to
fall
of
this
Aryan
the
across
and
of
teams
In
went
races
oat
into
their
the
on
better
houses
land.
languages
Armenian
the
of
of
built
with
distant
eastward
north-west,
and
lightly
other
more
tribe
desire
the
by
settling
and
village communities,
of
from
of
civilization
Celtic
waggons
a
The
Iranians
Albanian
Indo-Iranian
in
Indo-European
or
(leaving
groups
the
to
by
ences,
differcountries
earlier
an
was
ancient
speakers
the
various
The
the
led
the
It
in
dialectal
the
been
their
parted
the
to
or
on
Venice.
of
south
number
fortune
Italians
showed
us
dow^n
chattel
their
the
the
ways
I.
and
Here
pulled
and
sought
to
agriculture,
crops,
B.C.
centre
then
have
to
presented
of
as
years
languages.
appears
time.
work
and
descendant
that
Caesar's
their
"soil, cut
the
the
by
even
tongue.
Indo-European,
language.
this
from
north
east, west,
occupied
nomadic
which
tongue,
radiated
and
all
must
original
or
thousand
three
some
they
Aryan,
the
Indo-Celtic
the
Russia
parent
one
called
variously
that
extent
an
from
even
believed,
South
or
the
is
such
to
and
other
each
resemble
the
(with
Ugro-Finnish),
and
Ceylon,^
to
speech
of
Europe
of
is
Celtic
the
family
Aryan
or
Basque,
Caucasus
and
languages,
languages
Hungarian,
tongue
parent
the
vocabulary
Indo-Germanic,
ispoken,
that
the
as
of
group
Indo-European
Turkish,
Asia
of
the
of
been
exception
Celtic
the
to
way
to
the
several
the
steppes,
the
into
six
account),
branches
south.
leading
thus
"
(a)
Indian
in
its
branch,
literature
including
to
at
Sanskrit,
least
1000
modern
Bengali,
and
^
-
See
dead,
now
B.C.,
and
such
the
as
but
dating
descendant
Hindustani,
Mahratti,
Svpjplement
io
Outlines
of Gaelic
Etyu^ology.
A
11.
OUTLINES
(h)
Iranian
OF
l)rancli,which
(circ.1000
II.
Greek
(from
Homer
divided
divided
Italic,
Latin
and
in
the
lY.
Celtic,
Y.
Teutonic,
of which
Gothic
which
includes
into
groups
Latin
or
the
"
descended
are
Rhoeto-romanic
and
languages.
three
of
Old
groups
North
(b)
Norse
modern
German),
the
Old
Teutonic
Teutonic
and
the
East
(a)
"
Icelandic, Norwegian,
Swedish,
which
divides
Teutonic,
again
(whence
main
two
From
a.d.) ;
cent,
inclusive
AYest
(with Attic
anon.
(fourth
called
was
^Eolic.
times
early
Greek
Greek
Ionic
"
and
modern
Ancient
dialects
Bactrian
Persian.
and
Spanish, Portuguese,
generally the Pomance
called
Poumanian,
Modern
onwards).
three
Old
or
ancient
Umbro-Oscan.
Italian, French,
Zend
and
of
R.c.
traditionallyinto
literarj^Greek), Doric,
III.
Persian
inclnsive
800
in
ETYMOLOGY.
comprises
B.C.),Old
Hellenic,
or
GAELIC
or
modern
and
languages
Danish
into
; and
(c)
German
High
High
or
navian,
Scandi-
German
being
language
with
Old
Low
Irish, and
German^
contemporary
includes
Old
Saxon, Anglo-Saxon, English, Dutch, and
which
Frisian.
YI.
Balto-Slavonic
dating
remarkable
fifteenth
and
Church
or
the
These
and
six
Celtic,
as
more
like
languages,
vowels
all into
",
e,
the
anian,
Lithu-
showing
centuries,
which
into
and
the
extinct.
now
the
Bible
was
Slavonic
modern
probably
in
Old
of
the
Bulgarian
translated
in
languages
of
etc.
Padiating
are
century,
includes
seventeenth
century, jet
antiquity, Lettic, Old Prussian
sixteenth
Slavonic,
ninth
Bussia,
the
of
traces
which
Letto-Slavonic,
or
from
cannot,
groups
drawn
closer
be
did
they
intact,
sound
Balto-Slavonic
of
together
common
than
another
one
inclusive
o
from
save
those
Armenian,
while
the
centre,
the
further
off.
the
present
Again the
changing Aryan
case
"^'"
Latin
of
genealogical
Inclo-Iranian
a.
in
in
the
way.
adjacent groups
The
Euroj)ean
three
primitive
coalesces
group
Asiatic
languages
palatal k into a
join
them
with
sibilant
the
sound.
found
with
other
be
three
common
or
Similarly two
groups
may
in
oi
and
Celtic
with
i
the nom.
or
Greek, Latin,
peculiarities{^^.g.,
and
Latin
of
the
Celtic, further, show
odeclension).
pi. masc.
relations
intimate
the
future
0-
declension
in
h,
and
^
See
in
in
having
common
an
in
to
OntHnes
of Gadic
the
gen.
verbal
Etynioloyy.
sing,
nouns,
of
a
OF
OUTLINES
Celtic
The
18th
century
languages
Celtic
be
named
the
Welsh,
the
of the
attaches
a
Cornish
(k, Ogam
form
is
branches
Gaelic
c).
if not
Gaulish
Christian
era,
four
for
and
the
such
the
corresponding
the
two
(from Ogmic
groups
existed
time
belonged
distinctive
forms
ceithir),
e2:"o-s, horse
five, already noted, with
^?em^e,
At
amply.
languages
Gaulish,
of
is 2^um2),
whereas
group
Csesar's
:
group
Gaelic
pedwar,
(Welsh
this
^^i^^ ii^
j^
called
hence
and
Gauls
the
the
to
Celtic
the
Rhys
into
the
by
or
iv
"five"
^^em^e.
cilig:
velar
here
sound
for
has
simple
Welsh
Irish
each), and
prove
era
and
group
distinction
Gaelic
others,
follows
the
The
petor^
the
Professor
altogether,
(Welsh ehol^
some
Celtic
the
Brittonic
these
the
represent
we
2^6111%)^ Gaulish
queig,
Christian
the
mainly,
Breton
quinque.
of the
in
Thus
qu).
and
coig^ Manx
is
before
it, becomes
to
jjymj)^
Gaelic
as
q,
may
includes
between
this
in
when
is
six
comprises Irish,
difference
w^hich
the
which
former
Gadelic
consists
parent tongue,
labialised,that
when
itself
Gadelic
Latin
Aryan
The
main
group
; in
These
branches,
two
; the
The
Celtic
still lived.
Gadelic.
the
Breton
CScottish) Gaelic.
symbol
=
(2'i*
and
and
guttural
the
and
Cornish,
of
into
grouped again
are
branches
Manx,
two
were
111..
living languages
Cornish
six, when
Brittonic
the
five
comprises
now
group
there
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
the
and
the
much
distributed
were
France
of
beginning
as
dying
spoken
Spain,
fifth
Latin
the
in
(and disappearing finally
provincial
of
our
or
era) ; Gallo-British
Brittonic,
spoken in
century
Britain
tribes ; Pictish, belonging to
by the conquering Gaulish
Gallo-Brittonic
the
P
and
or
and,
spoken in Scotland
group,
in
Ireland
northern
and
Gadelic, spoken in
possibly,
England ;
The
and
the
West
Coast
Scotland
and
of
in the Isles.
perhaps on
A.
will
be
in Appendix
names
seen
etymology of the national
before
Our
in
but
fast
the
results
be
may
summed
in
tabular
thus
form
"
i Irish
j Gadelic
Q Group
Manx
( Gaelic
"
( Dialects
in
Spain
and
Gaul
(^)"^
Celtic^
Gallo-Britton
ic
{Breto
ittonic
JBri
Cornish
Group
Welsh
GaulislL
various
"
[Pictish-^
There
but
vast
are
no
mass
See
literaryremains
of personal and
Supplement
to
of the
place
Outlines
Gaulish
names
of Gaelic
language
have
been
Etymology.
existent
handed
OUTLINES
IV.
and
down,
recorded
from
also
found
few
the
in
remains
as
marginal
writers.*^
fifth
and
in
ordinary
speech have
language of Brittany
The
sixth
of
and
centuries,
kindred
the
it
been
came
have
may
Gaulish
the
of
the
not
glosses
the
with
Thereafter
case
may
denoted
the
Modern
In
simply by
this
or
New
work.
Breton
and
Real
Breton
Welsh
tongues,
w4th
Breton"
without
teenth.
six-
the
and
and
the
literary
these
period of
and
ending
New
of
stage
Welsh.
or
"glossed."
so
"Old"
Old
"
century
have
we
as
Middle
"
the
words
of
MSS.
the
Cornish,
twelfth
be.
in
known
Old
till
occur
commencing
is
Celtic
into
contained
texts
Breton,
"
do
works
Latin
Old
languages
translations
super-linear
or
phrases in
The
period
are
the
"
glosses
as
of
ETYMOLOGY.
The
Brittany
tongue.
Breton
first in
Welsh, Cornish, and
languages"
appear
the
These
eighth
glosses are
early as
century.
Brittonic
the
GAELIC
words
Classical
the
by
Britain
OF
Welsh
New
Welsh
qualifying
any
word.
Gaelic
The
have
much
Brittonic
or
diverged
oldest
of
eighteenth
and
century
began
be
Manx
is
closely
far,
understood
allied
of the
men
and
to
Eastern
for
Gaelic
Pictland
is formed
each
follows'^
on
as
far
the
as
and
it is
as
1.
-H
"^.
** '' ^
Mil
I Mil
f.
are
the
Shetland
h, d,
III IIIHIIII
g.
See
Dg,
z,
Supplement
to
a,
centuries.
by
a
Outlines
u,
many
of Gaelic
MM
imi
i.
Etymology.
of
graves
Wales
strokes
line,
stem
c,
e,
Ogam
mostly
alphabet,
The
so
it
Isles.
belong
III
0,
Isles,and
t,
1^-
Irish
Ireland,
Mill
s,
the
the
:"
^"
the
with
South
in
proto-telegraphic system
below
or
above,
through,
letter
the
of
marking
on
In
the
to
Kingdom
stones
eighth
in
even
Deer.
literature
found
are
had
completely
a
literary dialect
Isles.
Highlands and
the
the
with
Gaelic
of
of
had
traced
be
can
own
over
the
They
race.
fifth,sixth, seventh,
the
which
were
tongues
Gadelic
of
cut
spoken
its
all
Gaelic
monuments
inscriptions, w^hich
the
Book
the
indeed,
Gaelic
broke
of
Scottish
to
of the
remnant
oldest
The
literary career
easily
could
and,
"
for
Scottish
the
"
than
and
which
Gaelic
Gaelic
another
one
Irish
the
Scottish
Scottish
Reformation
documents
Gaelic
our
that
is, so
with
the
though
literary language,
considerably, a divergence
common
Irish
connection
thereafter,
more
and
Irish, ^lanx,
"
Till
languages.
century
the
languages
closer
is
as
OUTLINES
Examples
of
OF
Ogam
Of
"
the
of Deces
m[aqi]
Cunanettas
Of
"
Cunanes
Tria
to
the
OS
show
examples
the
that
as
of
; the
belong
as
between
the
to
is
The
a.
Old
of
the
II.
is the
Early
Old
Irish,
inflections
the
marginal
of
of the
The
conquest.
Book
the
of
period.
for
earlier
the
later
Many
Middle
Four
Irish
Masters
many
Danes
the
Lecan,
Book,
and
Modern,
present
Book
the
or
New
MSS.
on
See
contains,
from
1200
O'Clery
The
work
of
MSS.
Ballimote,
(and
the
to
even
the
the
mark
thin
in
the
are
to
the
this
in
period.
of
case
century
Yellow
Breac
Leahar
claimed
appearance
seventeenth
here
English
Glossary,
their
the
h-iddre,
Leinster
belong
to
1550
to
chief
of
a.d.
after
the
na
Cormac's
as
1200
to
before
Lebor
account
this
in
and
of
Book
the
1000
or
Book
the
in
of
Speckled
of Lismore.
Irish,
here
called
Irish
from
time.
^
period
margins,
which
independence
Clontarf
at
period, are,
of
:"
Besides,
MS.
on
from
Irish
such
Book
entered
Irish
documents,
instances).
it.
to
MSS.
on
be
to
is the
(tenth century),
and
Cow,
and
almost
as
This
a.d.
prose
great
considered
MSS.,
narrative.^
two
Dun
been
time
comments
Armagh
Irish
presents
syllables being
leading periods
four
1000
to
and
hesitation
decayed compared
following
poetry
the
language
have
it in
near
and
800
belong
preserved
the
to
antique compared
were
so
or
supersession
later
to
seems
Early Middle
practically the
period of
"
III.
language
and
of
continuous
Irish,
and
declension,
was
yet into
genitives
The
maic).
iniaccentecl
about
Book
become
in
taken
not
in
Old
from
Irish,
not
inflection
genitives
is
the
"
into
scraps
some
has
vastly changed
glosses
there
IV'
as
The
Old
the
and
is divided
Irish
Latin.
in
for
; its
is
contemporary,
declensional
of
state
interesting,
Ogam
literary language
spoken language,
Irish
Nettasegamon."
of
consonantal
phenomenon
same
dulled
I.
^,
the
to
and
Nettasegamonas
son
contemporary
Toranis."
mucoi
the
that
declension
0'
of the
son
of Cunotamus."
son
Mailagni
maqa
the three
of Maolan."
sons
"Of
high
:"
Toranias
avi
son
V.
Cunotami
Deceddas
Maqi
as
are
"
These
ETYMOLOGY.
inscriptions
maqi
Sagramni
GAELIC
Sv^oplement
to
Oiitlines
of
Gaelic
Etymology.
1550
to
th"
VI.
OUTLINES
As
the
is the
entries
in
The
Gaelic
entries
of
but
it
MSS.
it
here
about
1688,
in
Deer
till
The
the
same
and
^.
upon
That
is to
gen.
Irish.
the
dative
"
consonant
has
Broad
fallen
much
includes
the
forms
written
valuable
Book
the
of
Modern
of
Irish.
Old
in
consists
the
broad
and
small
flanked
by
vowels
and
o, n,
from
words
of
e
inflexional
the
laid
to
"small"
the
cases
only two
of
feminine
singular
nom.
"
nouns
down
in the
plural
inflexion
but
rich verbal
not
practised in speech. The
grammars
"of the
old
language is extremely poorly represented by the
and
forms
of the
two
tenses^
unchanging
only two
impersonal
that
mood.
which
affects all
remain
in the indicative
Aspiration,
for I, n, r),has
to play
consonants
come
(though unmarked
now",
with
the part of inflection
the
largely ; this is especially the case
and
known
article, noun,
adjective. Eclipsis by u is practically unin
evidenced
the
loss
but
of
is
phonetic decay
everywhere
;
inflection
and
the miiformising
of declension
and
conjugation.
to
of
few
in
the
are
the
to
the
be
away
Practically there
is confined
may
time
Gaelic.
to
must
a,
Dean
from
from
methods
being
Old
we
MSS.,^^
Fernaig
Modern
ancient
"broad"
itself
also
spelling,and
phonetics
of
19
to
cally
phoneti-
the
the
on
rule
a
say,
Old
which
means
most
the
that
of
Gaelic
from
the
quality, the
(a-declension) and
more
The
its
the
considerably
phonetically decayed.
term
of Deer.
call
of
so
vernacular
; it is
dozen
or
Book
Gaelic,
differs
Scottish
w^e
orthographic lines
represents the orthography of
turn
now
of
It
is written
its
Gaelic
fulness
Scottish
in
an
there
extending
advanced
is the
phonetic
Gaelic
departure
greatest
small."
^nd
in
in
of
half
what
form
of
document
Scottish
term
Gaelic
which
insistence
Early
phonetic
The
now\
entries
Gaelic,
of
Deer,
of
Irish
and
monastery
centuries,
twelfth
seaiichaidhean.
chain
the
Scotland
here
contains
to
Legend
Irish
Middle
is also
the
Scottish
Irish,
the
"
1512
Middle
M'Vurich
of the
link
and
next
about
late
contemporary
call
eleventh
These
The
w^ritten
which
made
is
language
kind.
representing the
and
pronunciation.
as
inflexion
We
first
and
document
oldest
The
MS.
of land
prose.
the
Lismore,
the
to
Ireland
of
Deer,
grants
the
being
decayed
take
of
continuous
Gaelic,
of
of
belong
important
lines
Book
ETYMOLOGY.
literary language
independence.
of
Gaelic
GAELIC
till about
same
outburst
an
the
already said,
remained
OF
as
"
There
sub-dialects.
many
Northern
is described
then
two
are
across
and
Dialects
The
two
Southern
passing
as
from
^^
main
See
of
the
Ballachulish
/Supplement
to
to
The
Firth
the
OutHnes
and
Dialects
leading
Dialects.
up
Gaelic,
of
these
are
to
Grampians,
of Gaelic
have
again
known
the
as
between
boundary
Lorn
"
Loch
and
them
Leven,
thence
Etyiiiolorjy.
and
along
OUTLINES
rciiigc.
Northern, and
dual
it
eu,
derived
from
sound
of
Southern
The
in
^^
which
Gaelic
the
learned
the
rest
of the
borrowed
has
than
opener
far
the
often
from
words
Scots,
words
was
borrowed
times
as
into
of French
from
Gaelic
Under
Norse
shipping
language
and
in
their
of
e,
f,
the
Gaelic
"/,
alphabet
h, ?',/, 7)1,
letters
same
n,
0, p,
as
the
r,
^-^
at
loan-words
the
Old
Church
the
of
of
period
monks
and
have
been
borrowed
turn,
any
been
them
borrowed.
have
In
Gaelic
into
come
whether
Norse.
the
to
from
regard to
through
word
Teutonic
the
from
or
and
English
The
; in
sea
tributions
con-
fact, most
Norse.
are
PHONETICS.
Phonetics
deal
we
and
with
sounds
the
of
separately
consonants,
another.
one
Alphabet.
1.
consists
of
t, and
s,
the
letters,viz., a, h,
eighteen
Irish,
u.
As
Gaelic.
adequately represents
way
been
decide
upon
"
The
it is
have
the
native
vowels, semi-vowels,
inter-action
Irish
from
words, too,
its
mostly belong
terms
heading
the
"
in
(English)
Scottish
the
the
South
Dialect.
than
which
Latin
From
origin
to
I.
the
the
deal
is difficult
it
from
of the
(such
in
Many
words
many
At
work
English, which,
directly
Scots
it.
secular
j^ost, plasc/,peur,
as
Lowland
other
the
French,
such
few,
Dialects
Northern
borrowed
languages
clergy engaged.
borrowed
tinction
dis-
literarylanguage.
borrowed
more
The
and
from
(c//.,
crucial
the
Norse.
mainly English (Scottish) and
Nearly all
taken
Latin
belong to the Middle
or
directly from
and
Irish
and
domain
(laelic
they belong to the
;
and
the
better
The
in
lengthening ;i'-^
practically the
is
its existence.
:stage of
than
inflections
nouns).
way
Irish
more
the
difterent
sound
the
Dialect
Modern
is
to
feminine
Vll.
ao
having
Southern
Dialect
compensatory
ia
North
in the
The
ETYMOLOGY.
adhered
in
the
in
consists
with
also
has
still exists
case
GAELIC
Soutliern
The
that
the
OP
Old
and
number
this
sounds, signs
and
have
New,
in
letters
of
d,
c,
combinations
no
are
necessary.
Firstly, the
it,e, 0, the
analogous
have
sounds
long
latter
only
two
those
to
in
simple corresponding
12
13
ggg
denoted
are
having
English
sound,
one
11
vowels
also
the
vein,
by
form"
hoar.
e,
b,
to
Whereas
corresponding
represent
of e
of the
long sounds
I.E.
accent
grave
denote
a,
of
Gaelic
a,
t,
\, it,which
Indo-European
or
represent-
sound.
S'lipph'nicntto OiUliaea
sounds
Etyiiiolofjij.
OUTLINES
Vlll.
Gaelic
The
small.
The
OF
vowels
broad
"broad
Here
ei,
ea,
sounds,
l)e
certainly
usually
diphthongs,
Ir.
The
of the
These
I.
Liquids.
In
writing,
ear
with
only
carrying
e,
e,
They
and
The
is
long
vowel
combinations.
be
sh,
of
course
law
:
"
are
ua
of
The
spelling,
that
//iswould
us
the
trick
shows
the
practically simple
genuine
thongs,
diph-
are
ia,
the
sounds,
follows
as
forms
may
the
in
as
the
its normal
has
^'
rest
imply.
inflection, and
the
in
case
"
in
concerned
influence
are
and
Gaelic
of
out
The
accordance
in their
the
on
with
the
utterance
/ and
liquids are
r, with
"aspirated," becoming
The
nasal
"
e, i.
small,
small."
classified
speech
"
vi
the
are
are
of
organs
and
Ir.
ao.
in
consonants
o,
to
0.
of E.
occur
otherwise.
ao
small
or
that
not
a,
broad
classes;
two
the
consonants
fis), where
Triphthongs
of
and
are
and
sound,
the
represent
en
fios (0.
are
into
is
as
as
may
word
broad
to
ETYMOLOGY.
divided
are
vowels
GAELIC
the
"
nasals
the
to
and
mh,
eye
vowels.
contiguous
position
m.
the
to
other
The
are
liquids, /, n, and
really aspirated in positions requiring
r,
it.^^
There
to show
is, however,
aspiration, though no h is attached
in these
letters
made
tion
by the aspiraonly a slight change of sound
niore^*^
them
voiced
sound
in
the
l)eing given
a
aspirating
position.
"
II.
Mutes
Explosives.
and
intervocalic.
Thev
These
"
classified
are
as
all
suffer
follows
"
aspiration
when
"
Labials
Dentals...
Gutturals
.
dentals
The
flanked
affected
hh
="
by,
by
V, th
*
14
and
the
"small"
and
Dialectal,
15
iG
]"/ 18
vowels
contact.^^
such
Ji,dh
spirants^"
become
gh
before
ggg
The
e, i
Ijcfore
N,
and
nn,
when
i.
The
aspirate
=
y, ch
Svirplcnicnt
to
OiUlities
in
mutes
sounds
in
the
are
or
not
ixre"ph^f,
and
German
not
with,
contact
other
Scotch
script.
of (rdelia Ktymology.
ch.
OF
OUTLINES
III.
mutes,
by
are
G.
Spirants.
The
and
are
flanked
with
jli (
"
sh
The
alphabet, as deduced
by Gaulish, possessed the
checked
Vowels
I.
?',u,
"
"
Liquids
"
III.
Spirants
IV.
Explosives
T, e), V,
r,
"
I, m,
by
presence
seachd,
Tenue.s.
:"
Gutturals
Z-,l-v,{p)
g,
that
Indo-European
Before
another
certain
results
su2mo-s
becomes
used
in
I.
work
present
Vowels
still
V.
it manifests
Thus
remain.
intervocalic
its former
I.
E.
^eptn
Alpliahd.
Short
"
"
2',n,
t,
"
Semi-vowels
e, o,
il, e,
"
Consonant-vowels
Liquids
Spirants
^^
See
and
\j,
0,
a,
d
eu,
on,
en,
ou,
i, u, represented
J,
IV.
and
six
Diphthongs
III.
")
suan.
Long
II.
0,
or
Aryan language
Indo-European
be
the
possessed by
tongue
parent
may
is
I. E. alphabet which
of the
following is the form
The
the
sounds
the
inferred.
(6)
gv
initial
consonant,
which
of the
comparison
groups,
Mediae.
"
noted
aii),
Tndo-Europ)ecm
a
"
an
ou,
eu,
Dentals
^^
in Celtic.
be
to
(A), s, j,
"
{-el),
;?/,oi, ai,
Labials
has
sounds
following
dialects,
o,
e,
Diphthongs
II.
Neo-Celtic
the
from
"
Long
By
these
practically),
nothing
or
of
Short
is G.
forms
aspirate
Alphahet.
Celtic
The
is lost
The
breathing
open
above
h).
Celtic
It
the
spirant-nuide
[resembling E.] .s7^is represented
vowels.
Greek
IX.
outside
sound
"small"
the
ETYMOLOGY.
These,
"
5.
GAELIC
Nasals
v,
Supplement
r,
:
the
See
V.
r,
/, m,
I,
in
y,
m,
this
an
du
work
spirants.
f, J,
in,
11
."?,z
to
Outlines
of
Gaelic
EtyriioJogy.
always
by
OF
OUTLINES
X.
Explosives'-*^
VI.
Tenues.
"
Labial.
th,
Palatal
Icli^
gh
Velar
"j]i,
gli
(German
This
following (1)
JIutatiou
(1) ai
becomes
(2)
next
"e"
of
conrse
of
inflnence
or
ously
previGaelic
in
(3) u.
or
o,
may
inflection
mutation
or
"^"."
or
g. daimh.
cait, damh,
double
syllable
l^y the
syllable now
i, (2)
or
by
(with
01
the
classes
cat^ gen.
the
of
of
cansed
is
three
are
in
umlaut)
vowel
There
by
combination
mntation
the
by
existent.
either
vowel
or
dli
Modification.
Vowel
2.
vowel
the
backward
caused
hh
ph,
word-biiilding.
exerted
Aspii-ates.
Dental
"mntation"
undergo
or
Medico.
"
Ill Gaelic
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
liquids usually)
danii,, g. cloinue.
(3)
ui
Also
pi, builg
i
(4)
mic.
eile represents
(1) oi
(2) ui
becomes
becomes
ui
becomes
b,
a,
II
ei
bonn,
become
buinn, post,
balg,
g.
ai
in
so
0.
Ir.
bole,
car.
becomes
ei,
ordinary
G.
seileach, too.
p2iist.
duibhe.
comp.
"^bere,catch
ai, hi, id
become
ill,ua
eo,
beir*iov
Ir. aile ;
sgoltadh, sgoilte.
dubh,
0.
g.
Dialectally
liquids, and
with
especially
shows
so
g.
mac,
Irish
where
g. tiillt.
thou.
triphthongs
[the digraph
ao
i forms
diphthong.]
becomes
ea
eu,
with
(1) ei : each,
(2) i : ctanu,
liquids, becomes
becomes
ao
ia is restored
comp.
ei
to
becomes
a,
Jionn,
g.
Ir. cos,
cas,
u
e
becomes
becomes
ea
'^
See
cearc
beul,
g.
mutation.
bebil.
g.
It
sometimes
aodaiin.
g.
"o"
by
of
original
siuth,
usual
firm.
mutation
ebi
the
jiadJi, g. feidh
Mutation
0
g. cinii
eudann,
Jiaire, biadh,
io becomes
g. eich.
""."
principal syllables
"^coxa
srot/ia
from
or
; cadal
;
for
nuadh,
rare
codal.
nodha.
"^ce^xa.
to Outlines
^'Uf^ijlctiitnt
of Gaelic
Etjjiiioloyy,
in
Irish
OUTLINES
i becomes
ea
ei becomes
OF
ia
the
XI.
*viro-s.
from
fear
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
becomes
feidh
stem
the
in
fiadh
nom.
C^veido-s).
becomes
to
^vtro-s.
from
flor
Mutation
A
not
from
succeeding
atFects
Vj
Thus
operate.
now
"^heru
*cennu,
(0.
from
or
3.
sliochd
which
mutation
"^vidu-
slektu-
from
docs
fid) ;
Ir.
(0.
cionu
dat.
the
from
hior
the
to
Gaehc
of
Ir.
principles
0.
bit/i,world,
i, W.
y.
Ir.
bith,
I. E.
the
W.
is
plicated
com-
very
above.
^.
byd,
vowels
discussed
of mutation
I. E.
i, 0.
Vowels.
Gaelic
and
in
representation
Gaelic
it is
from
comes
Indo-European
owing
(1)
'^cenno.
"
The
hir) ;
Ir.
only
^iodh
"'?*."
hy
Br.
bed
^bitu-s, root
pi. oi fear),as
also
gi.
iiid from
So
7iead,
etc.).
(2)
G.
Ir.
0.
ea,
e.
beatha, life, 0.
Ir. bethu
root
"^bitdt-,
*bitits, stem
meanbh,
nead,
seas,
gi.
So
sleanihninn,
seasg,
sneachd.
(3)
G.
0.
10,
G.
Ir. i.
0.
/zoJA, wood,
^os,
iodh-.
The
and
medial
mute,
develop
even
(4) G.,
0.
This
Ir.
jid, W.
i'o of
it from
0.
fionn,
which
Ir
together
original u
an
Br.
gwydd,
//zferi
/z^^tZis
due
"^vidu-.
to
the
the
always preserve
or
en
[iib,nd, ug).
So
liquid
i and
Ir. iu.
is
mutation
by
fliuch, wet,
from
"^vliqu-; tiugh,
*tigu-s.
I. E.
(1) G.,
0.
Ir. u,
0.
G.,
Ir.
add
(2) G.,
0.
Ir.
(o).
IV
W.
sruth, stream,
^z(-^A,imtc,
Here
W.
musach,
id
G.
slug,
smug,
dogs', do-,
do7nhan,
so-,
Ir.
bond,
W.
dorus,
I. E.
Ir. e, W.
Simple
So
^srutu-s.
So
/"2Mi, c?li(^/^,
tidach.
0.
0.
0.
friv"i :
cluinn, luibli,uisge.
6o'?M",bottom,
(!) G.,
u.
is
"ei/^, hot.
rare
^bundo-s.
-^(^^i,
So
bothan,
con,
e.
in
G.
leth, side, 0.
Ir.
leth, W.
lied, *letos.
OUTLINES
Xll.
(2)
G.
0.
ea,
G.
Ir.
eadh,
"
GAELIC
ETYMOLOGY.
e.
Ir.
0.
each, horse,
words
OF
bean,
space,
So
equus.
dearc, dearg,
neart, reachd,
ceart,
cearc,
(3)
G.
ei, 0.
Ir.
numerous,
e.
So
beil
adfer, Lat. fero.
beir, take, 0. Ir. berim, W.
(meil), ceil, ceirtle,ceithir, creid, deich, dels, [Dial.]ready,
meirbh, seinn, teich, teine.
G.
(4) G.,
Ir. i.
0.
G.,
0.
G.
H.
ivini, Ag. S. wine^
fine, tribe, root
ven,
So cineal, gin, ite,mil, misg, nnyisear,
tigh, tighearna.
0.
Ir.
friend.
(5)
Ir. i.
io, 0.
G.
Lat.
G.
(6)
G.
ui
rnin7i
ridth,
in
rinn
[Dial.] did,
Toinn,
for
So
veru.
(bis),ruighinii and
rinn
ruigheachd).
;
iol-,sliochd,
righinn
So
(Cf.
trusdai7\
stuthaig.
(7) Compensatory
loss
of
vowels
long
before
consonant
one
in G.
and
0.
another,
Ir.
These
of
one
arise
which
from
be
must
liquid.
becomes
ent
a.
Ir.
ec
those
cant,
ebl
egr
egn
etl
etn
G.
c.
in
W.
yt,
Lat.
G.
feur,
in
G.
(t.
in
G.
and
This
to
the
Ir.
eun,
0.
Ir. en,
tJiigshow
is clue
word
Ir.
fer,
in
under
death,
brec, ; "^enkt,
in
"^centso ; G.
enk
ent,
0.
are
Ir. cef^
geug).
W.
niwl.
AY.
gtvair.
^vegnos.
chwedl.
edn.
for
case
original
in the
accent
the
eing,
of
thig or
"^enter
case
to
and
of eadar
both.
rj.
o.
o.
G.
CO-,
comh-, with,
Lat.
pro), fo (
nel,
vowels
sentence
to
see
W.
short
accent
leum, etc.,
G.
hundred,
one
eug,
seel,W.
I. E.
(1) G.,
Ir.
0.
0. Ir.
grass,
feiin,0. Ir. fen :
sgeul,0.
forms
ceud,
(so deud,
centum
in
in
these
as
G.
to
such
neid, cloud,
eadar
ceum,
nk,
G.
enk.
For
Parallel
in
and
Ir. et.
Ir. echt
crucif}".
ceus,
b.
E.
euchd,
G.
0.
end,
seud, journey.
Similarl}-"^enk ;
breug, lie, 0. Ir.
; "^brenkd, G.
So
cynt.
0.
G.
hodhar,
gon,
0.
Gr.
gort, roth.
W.
iVo), nochd,
rocyf-, *kom; so
ochd,
mol,
naked, night,
cy-,
OF
OUTLINES
ui.
Ir. u,
0.
(2) G.,
(r., 0.
Xlll.
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
Ir. muir,
W.
sea,
7)idr, Br.
*))iori.
from
mor,
druim
So
(3^
'i. a,
G.
Ir.
0.
0.
0.
c(]^5, foot,
zagainn, cadal,
"^'k
its
'"!t
(^bog-ni-
ai,
a,
such
See
two
maide,
rd,
only
So
cano.
many
words,
anail,
marc,
anam,
cac,
"c.
nathair, salann,
cam,
sgaird,
mac,
g.
mam.
am,
cam,
mic
saliva,
selle],
[Dial, for
site
ui.
u,
ur-,
uir-, urchar,
ea,
in
ei for
in
with
contact
cases
The
liquids.
uireashhuidh.
oblique
So
air
prep,
"^inagesi.
from
muigh
becomes
e.
seileach, willow,
ealtuinii, eile,eir-
Ir.
E.
W.
sail,
helyg,
Lat.
salix.
So
for
ice.
oi.
This
of
change
followed
by
G.
E.
oil, rear,
I. E.
"small"
Ir.
Gaelic
into
(7) Compensatory
d,
As
G.
ai
oi is due
mostly
to
liquid
vowel.
ailim,
Lat.
alo.
and
a.
Lat.
ca/ia,
m.
rn,
happens
G.
hruan,
Ir. saile.
G.
(6)
ciicin,
a.
This
G.
W.
sing,
mac,
cases
Common
(5)
hi
So
^az7.
tagl, Eng.
(lot.
i.
0.
G.
concuhus),
a.
In
(4)
W.
a,
can,
gad,
before
Ir.
ahhainn,
as
damh,
G.
0.
Ir.
0.
G.,
(3)
in
as
con
Ir.
*hongni-), cluain,
or
I. E.
G.
With
cbmh-.
sron,
(2)
awi/^,6a^^, ca^^,/a/^,
long vowels.
^compensatory
of
G.
hair, *doglo-,
ducd, lock
G.
So
terminal.
(^potlo-),huain,
(1)
*coxd.
caisg, as
cagar,
sound
coe.s,
calltuinn.
gart, gar,
with
W.
Ir. cos,
lengthenings
in
So
goid,
oir
for
air-, coileach,
oide.
G.
ddil, meeting,
original
combination,
0.
Ir.
ddl,
-agr-
W.
dadl,
appears
in
where
-atlo-
ndire, sdr,
is the
ar.
OUTLINES
XIV.
As
h.
ia
ao,
eu,
It
has
An
that
seen
Lat.
e)
Strachan
Prof.
leine,
rather
seems
extended
has
hreun,
meur,
be
to
the
in
e).
Brugmann's
showing
than
Ir.
0.
into
dakru.
words
to
like
of
case
denr
^i
in
it
I.
athir,
E.
Celtic
in
vowel, appearing
generally as
by a, a more
philologists refuse
Some
athair, father,
G.
regarded
9.
denotes
Henry
9.
meanan.
i, and
as
groups
also
analog}^
W,
to
dacr, I. E,
The
anomaly.
"indefinite"
I. E.
is the
Asiatic
is
cases,
W.
this
sgeun,
an
IE.
This
corresponds
these
in
Ir. der, 0.
0.
deur, tear,
is
Celtic,
qi.
nt, nk, {^hito-n). See under
of a
case
landing by compensation
been
undoubted
eu
hundred,
ceud,
The
centum.
having
as
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
been
cant,
OF
Europe
as
(Greek
convenient
form
it.
recognise
to
Gr.
p^ter-,
a,
Trar/jp,Skr.
pitar.
It
is
it is difficult
liquids
liquid
or
a
vowel
of
have
to
whether
and
it is difficult
that
vowel
simple
sqith, brigh
ran,
Ir.
E.
for
W.
and
W.
fir,
both
Br.
(l,v)
cases
Celtic
in
appears
we
as
a,
9,
IJisl,
root
givir,Lat.
to
For
simple
in
as
So
verus.
and
deal
(on)
eu
with
G.
the
A, shi,
see
show
G.
^,
ei
original.
the
as
with
have
see
in
*bhal-no-,
bound
whether
often
say
diphthong
u,
with
with
midn,
i.
fior
{fir),true^
(miol), mios
lion, mial
righ,
I.
E.
Gadelic
For
to
syllables
deal
Vowels.
Long
intimately
so
are
the
or
The
iir.
I.
0.
il
anail, breath,
bole.
Eng.
I. E.
I. E.
we
ball, member,
G.
in
as
syllables, as
In
the
case
civefjios.
decide
to
^aXAo?,
Gr.
whence
Gr.
"^ans-tla,
anadl,
AV.
G.
unaccented
in
common
a,
mathair,
and
a,
W.
Br.
aw,
sath,
finals, etc.,
equal
may
rbin,
I. E.
I. E.
a.
ei
G.
(e/?)appears
ei, 0.
Ir.
in
G.
ei, W.
languages
0.
Ir.
from
a?
siur,fiur,
Med.
Ir. siur.
"
See
Supplement
6 in
ci and
ia.
Diphthongs.
in
forms
two
ivij, Br.
oe,
oa.
"
as
See
to
Outlines
of Gaelic
Thus
"
gair.
all
mom,
nos,
"
snath.
faidh,
clar, daimh,
car,
ran,
^svesor
Celtic
see
o,
the
in
cnaimh,
But
tamh.
as
For
eu.
brathair,
ban,
see
both
appear
Etymology.
"
OUTLINES
G.
h.
0.
ia^
Ir.
OF
ia.
GAELIC
This
vowel.
broad
is due
See
I. E.
0.
Ir,
these
ifyj^).
oi
later
di, 6i,
not
ai
can
Celtic
on
following
consistently
real
and
eu
languages.
G.
a.
Br.
W.,
ruadh,
G.
b ]
hbidheach
as
lochran,
au'^^ appears
I. E.
G.
from
0.
lie,
go,
for
cos
Ir. go,
4.
I. E.
G.
oi
and
or
ua
certainly
The
taois.
the
in
Latin.
modern
Celtic
o.
W.
huaid,
also
See
Gallo-British
hud,
Imachaill, cluas,
luath
uasal.
huaidk,
trbcair
from
tvuagli,
cuas.
as
or
W.
gdu,
much
ua,
gati,
Vowels
Semi-
semi-vowels
The
claon,
Br.
do
as
Also
gaou.
Thus
ou.
eu,
"
"
bigh, virgin,
uaigneaclt.
augi-, fuachd,
"
Ir.
from
G.
in
together
truagh, tuath,
ruathar,
long,
ao
u.
0.
buaidh, yictory,
"Victoria."
Boudicca,
as
caomh,
from
Greek
either
as
G.
h.
outside
confused
appear
Ir. lia,
0.
ua,
ing
succeed-
taohh.
also
both
They
G.
See
ti.
differentiated
indeed,
nor,
are
ou
Br.
maoth,
difficultybe
cases
of
G.
in
appears
ae,
ground,
are
I. E.
with
influence
the
to
"
This
oe,
XV.
c^a,
ficmuis, (jiall,iarunn,
Consider
ETVMOLOGV.
Consonant
and
denoted
are
Vowels.
Brugmann
by
and
by
u,
nf erely
not
by them
we
diphthongs which
for
Henry,
instance,
as
"^
Henry
as
and
have
printed
as
of
diphthongs,
the
eiv,
semi-vowels,
I. E.
Brittonic
oLKos,
for
Thus
ydcas
(1)
Initial
gwalt
v,
is thus
v
G.,
; also
ou,
deigh
dealt
with
0.
/,
Ir.
fiodh,
fichead, -fine,
-^
See
Fick
where
is followed
and
for
signs
as
but
in
his
in
necessary,
Gadelic,
and
the
signs
the
forms
for
the
spirants.
preserved
are
in
the
Supplement
Skr.
ydva
j,
;
compare
also
G.
ebrna,
eud, jealous}',
yatnd.
:
"
W.
gw,
as
in
G.
Lat.
with
I. E.
For
og.
succeeding
au,
{"eta,spelt,
fdidh,
the
which
wc,
Gr.
for
work
in
used
are
also
withy
^yj^os,zeal, Skr.
Gr.
"'''jantu-,
I. E.
also,
and
see
^jevo-,
eo-rna,
eu,
this
j" disappear
i.
as
Skr.
and
viz., y
and
In
etc.
forms
but
as
prints
ey,
these
semi-vowels
intervocalic
for
; and
to
consonant
Lat.
of Gaelic
fiadh-,
iiifiath{*vlati-),.
etc.
Ovtllnes
mr,
W.
Etynioloyy.
OUTLINES
XVI.
Intervocalic
{2)
v.
coalesce
with
GAELIC
ETYMOLOGY.
This
disappears in
varying results, thus :
G.
the
leaving
vowels
to
"
-ivo-
a.
OF
ia
viviis, or
in
hiadh
h.
-evo-
a.
-avi-
d.
ogha {*pavios)
in
-eivi- in
e.
gle,
-eivo-
Post-consonantal
(3)
fiuiuis, eorna.
Lat.
dyiL'D, ^devo-,
After
a.
it
c.
Ir,
0.
it
s,
hit.
it
See
of
are
G.
I in
r,
modified
//,
whereas
slur,
The
//^
it
searhh
in
disappears.
regular
being
representation
rei, lea, lei). See
rea,
bris, britheamh,
Thus
not.
Vowels.
forms
forms
below,
lit ;
fri,
also
the
(?),sreath.
The
Gaelic
ninnerous
would
maraim,
noticed
of
Some
somewhat
sonants,
be
forms
here.
from
E.
Brugmann
G.
explains
mair, remain,
Lat.
7aer,
containing
roots
them
thus
root
mrra-,
I.
of
mora
so
0.
Ir.
from
sgar
marbh.
garhh,
Add
alt, carbad
(Lat. corbis),barr, bard, cairt,
dall, sgaird (Lat. muscerda), tart, tar ; fras, Jiath,
following
the
mall,
garg,
P, /,
see
gv,
sometimes
"
liquids fall to be
as
glides before
;
Ir.
Consonant
;
regular
forms
leathan
sker
in
//,
disappears,
ri, li (mutated
is
following
the
/,
y,
For
(but follas),
seinn, etc.,
The
searhh,
d, (gv) : feadhhh,
after
save
haohh.
*.swsa?^, 0.
for
(*svervo-s),sohis
garhli, marhh,
hanhh.
disappears
fedb, faohk,
sometimes
is
piuthar
These
bg.
becomes
explosives
widow,
After
in
v.
liquids
After
as
clb.
in
-avo-
W.
cliit
gives
dia.
in
deb,
{^Itovos),-ovu-
cro
i^davio)
dath
;
shower
Stokes
fraigh, graigh,
braich.
"
modified
With
vowels
in
coille
"
{*caldet-),
vowels
and
regularly as
pumas), slam, tldth,
Long
dxdr, maireach, fdireag (1).^'^
long
I appear
C^pl-no-,Skr.
as
dr
in
Vocalic
Brugmann
and
blath.
and
71
explains
be
may
as
looked
in
s/innlli-s,
for
tana,
(I)Id.
rd
seems
G.
in
thin
See
to
appear
samhail,
; reversed
Imi
in
which
magh
nasg.
Compensatory
"'Uf (ao).
AVe
have
-^
See
plays
great
part
ceud, hundred,
/Supplement
to
Outlines
W.
of
in
G., appearing
cant,
Gaelic
deud,
W.
Ftyviology.
usually
dant,
as
tend,
OUTLINES
eud,
vowels
as
The
before
an,
see
W.
ceum,
The
ei
eu,
from
W.
leum,
XVU.
negative
as
s,
arises
cam,
ETYMOLOGY.
g^'^Q-
t, and
c,
result
curious
most
euni-;
eiginn,
eudann,
eug,
GAELIC
OF
and
lam,
ends
which
-ngm-,
add
"g.
eislean,
eutrom,
before
appears
as
tarn, from
W.
teum,
G.
in
*t/id-men.
Before
(iom),and
iom-
medials
the
in
original
Lat.
mbi,
Gaelic
"
{ion),im
also
im-,
have
amhi,
'W
lost
""
and
Liquids.
I.
Initially we
represent the I. E. liquids r and
ramh, reachd, ruadh,
rim, loch, laigh, lahhair, leih
and
select
rath,
to,
"
aspirated," but
lamh,
sounds
the
become
-dl, -cl,-gl
the
Post-consonantal
preceding
in
I appear
the
while
are
dorus, tulach,
"
in
-bl,-tl,
-gr,
-cr,
respective
and
and
In
etc.
lengthening
For
vowel.
Ante-consonantal
signs
separate
no
Medially
lar.
Ian,
have
of the
in
become
we
(cf fio7i7i). Thus
ciomach.
\m, ionga, imleag,
retains
1. E.
may
and
from
after
g, both
its i
h, d,
l preserve
the
"
olc, etc.
Gaelic
of
meeting
ortha,
Lat.
ciall, etc.
with
from
in
neart,
-rp
initial
an
After
s, in
in
(1)
and
"
"
in G.
a.
Before
as
and
with
variously
liquids, n
before
r.
is
that
save
nead,
nasg,
dim,
Eng.
na,
I. E.
not,
nest,
etc.
snigh,
"^bnds). (3)
is dealt
carr,
genitives plural,
in
cndimh,
the
m,
and
appears
in
appears
Ir.
JSfasals.
cases,
"
; from
35.
KZ.
{mnatha for
changes the b into m
bean, Ian, maoin,
preserved
dan,
run,
consonantal
from
uaill, coll,
etc.
(St.);
searrach
; corran,
Initial
the
orra
in
-si, as
mute,
in
as
follas, ball,feall,
accusative
nouns,
n.
rth,
from
; from
others.
normally
appear
Celtic
"
"
After
etc.
in neuter
became
(2)
and
many
carraig
earr,
; from
comes
forrach, pole.
I. E.
I. E.
-II
-In-,as
from
I cut,
barr,
see
atharrach
Again
arises
-rr
in
as
r,
especially
cirrim,
terminal
-rs
call, coille,and
Gaelic
spear,
from
orationem.
in
-Id-,as
arises
-rr
sean,
After
Intervocalic
etc.
b
n
it
is
(4). Pre-
assimilated
to
and
I, and
appears
dis-
%
XVlll.
OUTLINES
b.
Before
the
in
-ngm,
see
Before
s,
under
is
b.
g.
before
as
disappears
preserved
After
a.
Before
the
and
Compare
c.
niios^
grlos, slos.
Post-consonantal
but
and
disappears
feusag,
(5)
Gaelic.
of
"
For
c.
in modern
with
lengthening
previous
d and
ceud, first,breug, coig. Before
"/,
is preserved, as
in ciimhang, fidaing, muing, seang^
it assimilates
d
-jionn (^vindo-s),
honn, inn-, hinn.
disappears
as
vowel,
it
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
becomes
labials,n
t, c, the
but
OF
after
in cam,
as
r,
after
I, leaving II (seeunder
tighearna, etc.
eorna,
I))
becomes
in
dronn
for
as
is, -sn
-nn
;
*dros-no-,donn, uinnsean, cannach, bruinne, etc.
The
mutes,
t, d, c, g, p, disappear with
compensatory
lengthening of the previous vowel : -tn-, as in eun, buan,
uin ; -dn-, as in bruan, smuairi
is doubtful
cf ton,
; -enalso sgeun,
breun, lean ; -gn, as in feun, bron, nan, srbn ;
in
ten ;
as
suain, cluain, cuan
tepno
;
-jpn,
-pn ?
follow
but
dne
apnio
lipn len,
(Lit. aps) ;
;
that
s,
"
suaii
become
c.
The
(2) n
G.
copn
cuan
in
"
combination
-nn
and
from
duinne
is for
unaccented
of
-inn
becomes
general,gloinne is
Initial
other
is
damh,
In
7nin, etc.
consonants,
always aspirated
"
results
various
geimheal,
caomh.
occur
In
"
m.
liquids, rn is preserved
{geamh-radh, etc.),but there are
course,
comas,
of
cnaiinh, iamh,
Before
Of
gen.
glan.
Before
the
rnios, muir, mil, maide, etc.
becomes
in
braich, brath, hrugh, blath,
b, as
(1)^Pre-consonantal
a.
niinne
in
appears
with
from
it is
of
comp.
and
combinations
therefore
duine
I, the in
Intervocalic
bleith,bleoghainn.
amhuil, like, crulmh, amh,
liquidsr
(1) n before
n,
a
(4)
doubling of n in an
; or
of a word
(tighinn,etc.),or, rarely,
In
cinn, cluinn, linn.
Islay, -in
arises
-sn
(3)
d,
syllableat the end
like
one-syllable word
before
before
comain).
results
in
in
no
an
aspirated
ancient
certain
preserved
form
cases.
(cf.amadan,
OF
OUTLIXES
Before
b.
to
seem
In
in
for
rom
or
m})
prefix ^m-,
{q) became
Prehistoric
both
language
Post-consonantal
W.
calma,
After
letter
with
"^
additional
neuter
which
E.
in
Pre-Celtic
the
older
is
may
In
before
See
-ngm,
(4)
-ngm,
ng.
The
most
is
may
grade,
another
be
to
cases
druim
intermediate
an
roots
many
ruaim
appear
(vnhnd)
and
gemn,
(1)
from
in
as
(5)
or
or
-gsm), (3)
-csm,
-ndm
e.tc,
torn,
turn,
aimsir.
arise
or
the
seemingly
amail,
final, may
or
from.
explosive
the
but
cf. amas,
postulates
reim, Iom,
seaman,
aspirated
be
and
for
Gradation
characteristic
called
instance,
the
the
last
the
reduced
syllable.
"
they
teum,
(-mbh),
mb
pt
Why
normal
"
the
"
the
I. E.
show
wrepov,
grade,
"reduced
grade
e
interchanges
is
Ablaut.
or
evident
languages
grades
are
three
Greek
in
flutter,
"
of
roots
speak
to
/"e^, for
root
reason
like
gruaim,
\m,
Vowel
(TTCTo/xat,
fly,TTorao/xat,
"
as
word
leurn, hewn,
in
as
5.
triple-barrelled,so
is
^??^-, iom-.
"
The
the
now
ceum,
inh
becoming
in
as
in
present
n,
some
mm,
usual
and
also
the
before
as
is in
very
case,
on, intervocalic
(2)
on,
or
I, and
r,
language
of freumh
disappears, as in the case
accented
the
prefix ad- preserves
m
G.
-en
see
any
explosives
Preserved
us
didean,
the
originally have
belonged to an
in a word
like
such
a
development
snaidm
from
as
a
(d. snaidmaimm),
Ir. appears
"^roud-s-men.
After
liquids
consonant
actually
"^snades-inen.
"Celtic
the
But
s, which
We
stem.
snaim,
in
previous
with
disappeared
also
and
anmoch.
dros-men.
between
before
in
the
in
as
m,
cuirm
meanmna,
becomes
.5, m
an
See
rompa
doubt
of
matter
the
intermediate
an
gai^yn).
ainm,
from
'Comes
is
fail
wnpa.
Compare
md
in
After
Whether
now
in
cases
before
as
iompaidh,
so
7ng,
appear
m.
preserved.
postulated
men
is, "^rom-sho
lengthening.
compensatory
eiridmn.
{2)
language,
historic
is
explosives. Original mb
I. E.
iom-, in imleag, torn.
n
(as in ceud, breitg),and
the
Celtic
certain
no
usually pronounced,
as
that
so,
the
XIX.
but
disappear,
occur.
results
Before
".
should
s,
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
appears
second
"
with
first
the
"
weak
"
or
the
o
chief
is
of
least
vowels.
^-^e^, 2^ot,
as
The
wing).
the
at
not
"
grade
vt
"
"
deflected
grade.
accent
clear.
The
is
on
The
OUTLINES
XX.
1. E.
leading
follows
OF
series
GAELIC
vowel
of
ETYMOLOGY.
gradations
six
are
in
number,
as
"
e-series
.
but
2.
e-series
3.
a-series
4.
o-series
5.
a-series
6.
o-series
Corresponding
A'owel
grades
Eng.
The
in
as
suidhe
series
follows
as
belongs
11,
III.
G.
Deflected.
nil
ei
ei
oi
eu
eu
ou
er
or
correspond "reduced"
long
simple
u, and
We
also
may
feitheamh,
the
to
add
iiine,uiridh
Latin
(sed)^
forms
ei
belongs %, tO'
vowels
correspond the long f, I,
triple ve, vo, u (vet,vot, ut, as in
consonant-
here
in
""
Weak,
all these
strong
"
er
eu
"
two
Normal.
e
To
the
are
full is
in
e-series
nil
o,
e,
(sod), G. sith
sido (si-zd).
(sod),Lat.
soot
the
to
e, 6,
(sed),G.
sedeo
the
vel,vol, ul
in
as
to
"
fait,
0.
Ir., Mod.
Ir.
folt, olann).
(1)
Some
Gaelic
The
e-series.
from
examples
uidhe
^tegos, *togio-;
geas,
ei we
cleas,cluic/i,etc.
in meith, maoth,
mit
kloi
from
Mei,
from
ghoi, ghi
hliud
; and
roduidh
;
cluinn
the
liquids show
from
roud,
changes
ged, god
complete
veid,
vid
form
of
;
huail,
kleu,
Mu
also
heir, hreith
gaoth, geainhrad/t
the
cleachd,
meit, moit,
cliathach, claon
diphthongs
rudd
set
; further
The
short
from
from
the
miosa
or
the
given.
"^pedo-,^podio- ; tigh, tugha^
guidhe
have
others.
from
cluas,
meata
from
fianuis, fios
differentiated, but
ruadh,
be
now
eadh,
G.
In
be
will
cannot
ou
eu,
root
occurs,
buille
from
nuadh,
in
hhoud,
(?)
nodha
from
as
The
her, br,
and
also
(hftu-).
hrath, judgment
speech w^e have
in
iol
rich
forms
The
root
(*pelu-), uile
:
pel
especially
(*polio-),lion i^pleno-, Lat. plenus, from
pie), Ian (either
^9/-),that is,"root
"^plono,plb, Eng. flood, or J'pl-no-,from
in the
sense
of
is
full."
In n we
pel, pol, pi, pie, plb, pi, meaning
tana
(^tendo- tnnavo-, according to Brugmann),
teann,
in gnwmh
and
teud ; from
we
get the long forms
gne
gen
"
forms
in
gnath.
namhaid,
In
nem
foe, from
we
nom
have
neamh,
heaven,
(Gr. vw/xaw).
0.
Ir.
nem,
have
and
gno
and
OUTLINES
(2)
The
and
series
G.
others,
agh,
"
0.
"
Ir.
is
the
root
Aed, aed,
1.
E.
]'and
difficult
with
(1)
and
effect
I. E
sv
W.
I. E.
sp
as
appears
in
appears
But
sq,
sqh,
ysgivyd,
(2)
Intervocalic
as
searhh, seal,
se,
rarely
more
See
resultant
its
or
in
Ir.
much
as
siur,
as
till ;
t,
as
in
as
in
si, as
Some
taois.
st
but
Welsh,
explained
otherwise
spr
sealg, sine.
hold
in
case
And
sv.
appear
may
the
instances
appears
s.
in
Gaelic
as
sg,
Ir.
0.
as
sc,
etc.
W.
Ir.
G.
chiv, as
sin
h ; before
straighlich, slis,sonn,
is the
appear
sgath, sguir,
I. E.
it
intact
(St.),seall).
searrach
I. E.
is
deal
we
remains
appears
Celtic
in
slaid.
be
can
Here
it
sr,
6", which
adduced
cussed
dis-
(teis).
str, stl,become
simple
which
becomes
usually,
is chiv.
piuthar
while
Gadelic
slios,slat, sloinn,
as
G.
; cf. sron,
sr
represents
from
E.
vowels
as
treated
is
its
as
already
t-'.
liquids,I.
form
The
seisd
(sph)
has
have
and
before
the
*svesdr,
st
We
semi-vowels,
the
Gadelic
fiur, from
I. E.
of
and
etc.
compare
dg in
s.
sihh, seid,
also
etc., and
diphthong ai
in Mackay
z.
consonantal
in
t ; in
or
get,
we
I burn.
s, and
v,
Brittonic
appears
entiated
differ-
not
short
aghaidh,
before
r
disappears, while
preserved (see sruth, srat/i,sron).
is
the
Spirants.
heading
the
is
from
it
m,
and
h,
j,
slol
series
; but
of
{*snemu-) and
(^selo-)and,
smomh
a-
in
name
examples
comes
se
Aodh
at^w,
vowels
In
best
The
The
first with
Gadelic.
and
The
XXI.
gives
series
o-
warlike.
were
the
Before
s.
1, n,
a,
under
2, and
the
dg, lead,
6.
differentiate
to
Initial
in
spirants
V
the
fire,Gr.
"
The
of
(soto-). The
nor
aghach,
grade i.
success,
reduced
One
transfix
possibly, satk,
among
ETYMOLOGY.
(snd),spin, which
{*sndtio-). From
sno
thread
in
GAELIC
series.
other
is sne,
snath,
OF
in
This
Gaelic
becomes
as
sn,
and
{"^to-guso),
do-, chi,
s
disappears altogether
as
in
sgath,
in
a
^z
in
as
W.
is in
sneadh.
disappears
compare
tagh
etc.
(3)
Terminal
combinations
so-called
of words
euphonic k,
its former
as
in
the
; but
in
existence
article
closely
is known
genitive
connected
from
feminine
the
and
OUTLINES
OF
before
vowels
XXll.
plural
nom.
0'
H-
Irish
of
prothetic
(4)
; and
ETYMOLOGY.
(na h-oighean^'^'seriht-iaugeu)^
it
the
be
may
in
origin
most
alsa
of
cases
s.
Pre-consonantal
s.
but
eirich
the
GAELIC
prehistoric
is
--^r
^ek-s-7^egd.
from
comes
of
case
coming,
forth-
not
I, Tii, and
Before
{m of Gaelic
being
disappears, and the licpiidis doubled
Medial
for older
under
letters.
these
mm), as already shown
the
older
and
it is
sv
as
/' in
language
(see seinn),
appears
in t ibhann
still seen
(^to-sven-),
feabhas.
s
Before
the
in
the
sp
is
modern
not
Post-consonantal
the
r, and
the
s
become
with
; -ds
adds
The
results,
*vid-sar).
combine
explosives
now
lios,as,
Gaelic
seas
(2) from
in
m-sh
the
Even
G.
this
mlos
in
as
-ns,
from
by
only, however, x
aisde, out of her).
nead,
seid.
gad,
I. E.
this
Again
-zg
between
I. Yj.
tenues,
7.
the
importance"
in
Greek.
mediae
modern
The
and
The
from
arises
(3)
and
from
modern
of
tenues
(1) st,
-ts,
-p?,
-cs.
of
restoration
in
(as
st
as
se.
caora,
so
medial
explosives.
maide,
brod, ceady
in G. into
g ; compare
ex-gal-),
rag.
Mutes.
or
possible
double
set
aspirate
the
the
of
sixteen
number
were
in
rare
and
of
no
and
only in Sanskrit
predecessors of aspirates of
resulting languages,
aspirates are
But
in
languages.
the
developed
=
formed
the
before
nizdo-s
Explosives
explosives
the
The
mediae
have
eagal (
g7nogag,
"
The
seems
; Thn.
z.
I. E.
to
previous
and
sort
only
from
-ns
m.
modern
also
become
may
Final
x
disappears, as in
is assured
is
nest,
or
; -7ns,
others.
many
st,
in
-Is-
eqos)
under
see
tO'
From
the
for
*sindos
intervocalic, therefore,
language
mp,
"
etc.
earr,
s.
is assimilated
later
t-each
I. E.
Thus
tarr,
the
mi
'^oups-
"
the
becomes
g ; sp becomes
lengthening
For
eks),and
-7ns,
arises
-st
previous
aiste, now
out
in
in
with
uasal
"
preserved
Gaelic
in
as
s,
becomes
liquid r
compensatory
as
combination
medials
the
%g
as
least
t,
The
-sg
Before
the
is rr,
at
becomes
Htir
in Gaelic
result
which
tenues,
etc.
After
s.
seemingly
vowel
in
for results
see
the
mediae.
becomes
-sc
etc.),
fois, /a.", dos,
*ststn-),
become
becomes
st
z, which
(5)
; but
before
preserved
language
certain
measg,
is
explosives, s
save
Celtic
languages
these
medi"e
OUTLINES
gli as
Celtic
in
appear
g.
and
6, d
as
mediae
the
Balto-Slavonic,
The
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
into
merged
aspirates were
hk
OF
dJt
as
this
in
XXIU.
themselves,
d, g and gk
matter, shares
that
so
as
h and
and
g
g, and
the pecnliarity
Celtic.
of the
intervocalic, are
aspirated" in Gaelic
explosives,when
th
( h), d to dk (=?/), c to ch, g to
v), t to
p to ph, b to bh (
Welsh
the
the
tenues
to
changes are
gh, {^y)
corresponding
All
"
the
"
',
mediae,
and
mediae
the
to/, dd,
and
(1) Doubling of
building.
The
Inflection.
a.
explosive
d of the
root
arise
of
as
of the
doubling
The
G.
of intervocalic
course
vocalic
Inter-
g.
obscure.
is
cases
of
case
from
lowing
fol-
mutes
inflection
the
bath
caithte,'\
word-
or
in -te preserves
\caithgives
t; thus
or
(forbadh)
end
or
prepositional prefixes which
the
consonant
a
succeeding explosive ;
preserve
like
air
even
vowel-ending prepositions
{*are)^ aithif the
the
is on
accent
{"^ati)do the same,
preposition.
The
Word-building.
ended
in
Thus
abair
"
is for
way
is for
ad-dnm,
of
from
After
ceud,
teud
or
for
from
is
and
for
In
and
rud-t
the
compare
aidic/i
ad-ireb,
ad-gar.
for
from
ruiteach
*cred-dh6
Thus
m.
aitreahh
ad-ces-,agair
have
affixes,we
rud-c, creid
sunk
ad-ber,
faic
boicionn, /aoicionn,
(2)
the
the
in
participle passive
in
nil
the
ruicean
compounds
craicionn.
deud
comes
"^cento-,so
ceud, first,from
from
send
d?it,and
;
so
nlco-,
from
eug
with
etc.
(3)
After
sunk
This
is assured
for zd, as
spirant z.
(^broz-do-, ^ orse
broddr), cead, gad, maide, nead
doubtful
is
for
giving g
^es-gal or
eagai seems
beag for gvezgo-s (Lat. vescus),iiieag for mezgo-.
"
(4)
Cases
cat
also
(5)
corresponding to double
explosives in
and
Lat. catta
(borrowing ?),cac and Gr.
other
kolkkyj.
in
;
but
brod
zg
^ex-gal-,
languages
Compare
slug.
Doubtful
Many
cases.
due
of
these
cases
can
be
affixed
satisfactorily
consonantexplained
immediately
Thus
brat may
be for brat-to-,trod for trud-do-,
ending roots.
for "^yak-ko-,
for mrg-ko-.
breac
Even
suffixes
in -bho- and
IOC
and
not
(Eng. k in walk) are
unknown,
they might
-goaccount
for reub
{^reib-bo-, reib-bho-^Eng. reap^ rip),slug for
Dr Whitley Stokes
has
slug-go-,etc.
given a different theory
founded
the
of
Teutonic
on
a
analogy
phonetical law, stated
as
to
suffixes
to
OUTLINES
XXIV.
OF
thus
GAELIC
ETV^MOLOGY.
"
2)p,
b/in, dkn,
had
arisen
.
glutton
[*sluk-no-],M.
allied
Gr.
to
words
allied
G.
to
G.
sluchen,
should
found
not
are
be
hreag,
being
Lat.
athair,
piscis,
Eng.
ibh
For
etc.
and
and
G.
ises
as
appears
When
G.
; it
an
may
creuchd,
G.
here
0.
is, of
the
t, c,
Lat.
and
is
for
be
for
due
it arises
jo
Lat.
necht,
may
it.
to
{^tahaidh arising
is
lost
not
in
or
and
and
twys,
see
uasal
(Of. teanga
gutturalised ; we
neptis, Eng. niece ;
up.
is
lep-kd.
some
; and
we
*tab-tha)
from
In
combination.
"^leb-tha
from
Initial
sir.
supno-s,
vxprjXos,Eng.
the
quinrpie
guttural-
combination
new
"
G.
s, it
or
W.
"^steip-s-d,
septem,
Ir.
five
sliseag, sine,
suain
course,
leabaidh,
in
as
feasgar
and
in
like
leac
Possibly
leapa, genitive
Gaelic,
countenancing
sonn,
from
seachd,
In
Thus
Lat.
of
7nrg-n6-,
slug.
numeral
the
liquids
seems
*neachd,
of
either
original
intervocalic
uniform
from
in
fo
see
p,
Latin
the
form
dreachd.
of
The
-no-.
that
breac,
disappears
penqe.
without
influence
dias
In
dingua).
add
was
lengthening.
G.
fact
analogy
sealg, spleen,
appears
leaves
its
had
E.
initial
before
have
may
I. E.
see
compensatory
cluain, cuan.
and
the
in
the
suffix
the
to
{*sapiros), etc.
original vesperos
an
refers
p.
intervocalic
saor,
agree
coig, though
Stokes
bibo
against
I.
I. E.
from
for
eun
(*kaperax),
Lat.
in
intervocalic
pater,
floor,
caora,
sp
and
as
gulp, have
hiccup,
last
These
hiccup."
Thus
the
on
(by
shcccho, slukko,
the
on
in
it.
I. E.
Initial
G.
Dr
lies
from
breac,
not
have
which
slug,
weakness
results
H.
H.
Av^w, Xvyyavdoixac,I
are
and
tn, qn,
pn,
0.
ghn.
ghn,
from
the
so
must
raip,
streap.
For
the
taking
derivations
offered
place
of p
through
I. E.
b is
treabh,
(1)
two
become
in
rare
doriihain
Initial
I. E.
b in
bh,
Gaelic
b,
compare
the
liiths.
bh.
and
G.
the
language
{*dhreub-tu-).
; in
any
and
initial
for
I. E.
These
an
other
it appears
Celtic
in
languages,
{*pib6).
ibhim
driichd
G.
bragh, btuthainn,
b.
buaidh.
See
OF
OUTLINES
Intervocalic
(2)
I. E.
G.
hh,
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
hh
v),
0.
XXV.
Ir. 6, W.
See
/.
ahhainn
(3).
a.
Before
b.
Before
/ it
(4)
771,
in
g
(5)
as
It is
bh.
in
These
After
In
b.
reuh
-bo-,"^reib-bo-,
gob-bo
C?).
stumpy
d, especially of the
(see the
and
; also
KoXopSs,
previous
gob
cliob
is
preserved
perhaps after
t, G., 0.
Ir., W.
See,
t.
produced
qlg,
from
t.
t ;
intervocalic,
Initially this is Celtic
otherwise
it is variously modified.
Initial
clib-bo-,root
as
"
have
to
seem
is
prefixes
above).
paragraph
we
from
Oftenest
I. E.
(1)
the
preserves
it
aobrann
and
liquids r
it
After
ambi.
mbi,
the
after
preserved
abair, lebb,faob,
in
intervocalic
suffix
etc.
from
are
b.
druchd.
in
as
I. E.
leahaidh, *leg-b%iti-(1).
Gaelic
Gr.
iom-
; after
eabar
"
'^'slibno-s,
is for
"
ch
b becomes
b,
im-,
in
dubrum.
lengthening
sleamhuinn
now
"
Gaul,
compensatory
domhain.
so
t, I. E.
Post-consonantal
I
mh
becomes
dippery
Before
with
disappears
it
Eng.
d.
"
7ieblo-s.
for
Before
b.
or
it remains
neul
c.
bh
among
it
and
aspirated,
is
many,
(2)
Intervocalic
mathair,
t, G.
th
ith, roth,
0.
h),
ceithir, leth,
accented
as
syllables it appears
the
is always
case
(glan-adh). Irregularly /"zc/A
and
{3)
Pre-consonantal
criathar,
initial.
not
briathar,
n,
as
in
Before
eun.
freiceadan
(4)
become
-dd-
Post-consonantal
t.
ceirtle,alt,fait
etc.
As
seen,
After
or
and
; after
-bt becomes
c
that
g, the
-chd,
t
sinks
as
non-
"^bivoto-s,
from
in
is
preserved,
disappears with
hi, beul,
like
vid-tu-.
i(
of G.,
0.
-atu-
as
as
Ir.
in
in
Jios
in
freagair.
to
druchd,
G.
to
d.
while
is
from
are
c,
as
; -td-
in
as
'
in
as
d,
so
another
G.
preserved,
pensatory
com-
etc.
ite, etc.
cc,
in
as
the
Before
it sinks
in
and
disappears
is g,
I it is
and
it
Words
becomes
-tc-
gg,
After
ceart,
seachd.
; -tg- becomes
it
in
infinitives
chwedl,
the
in
seems
athair,
See
faith.
W.
sgeid,
"
the
Before
Before
etc.
lengthening
before
ior
biadh
in
as
with
d.
Sometimes
etc.
dh,
this
(d),W.
th
Ir.
beart,
in
-pt
preserving
ceud,
is
in
the
OUTLINES
XXVI.
guttural
has
(5)
as
and
W.
intervocalic
suffix
crcit,
is
reif.
ultimate
kur,
lot, root
The
and
W.
(1 )
Initial
dh.
d,
for
d ;
root
preserved
See
it,as
in
not
following does
ciotach, *sqvi-tto-^Eng. skeWy
d. dh.
; Gaelic
initial
dh
between
vowels-
dall
See
dearg, dorus,
"^vidu-, eadh,
also
jiodh,
*bnd-s-li()-
dh
d,
smuaiii
non-initial.
Before
and
d,
as
b, as
now
in
as
aidich
; with
The
coille,call, moll,
0.
bonn,
Ir.
explosives before
next
paragraph.
Intervocalic
G.
For
zd,
unusual,
are
There
d.
with
save
With
coalesces
it
; with
agair.
following dy
with
Jionn,
0.
and
for
d,
Ir.
Jind,
The
which
least
at
sources
in
/, as
paragraph.
next
see
three
are
in
n,
accented
or
*tid-s-qio-,
in
as
for
sometimes
amas.
preserves
assimilates
It
; and
binn.
bond,
liquid r
g,
is
in aitreabh
t, as
; with
ore/,etc.
iiinllach
an
for
with
faic
in
with
in
or
So
etc.
as
c,
d, dh.
in
the
abair,
it
uisge
explosives, with
musach,
Before
Imille
appears
dis-
aireamh
in
aimsir, amal,
in
as
m,
in
but
the
I, n,
r,
Before
*vrd-md,
become
s,
in
Post-consonantal
as
freumh,
into
smoud-no-.
for
^vid-s-tu-.
for
bb,
in
as
it coalesces
to
dlighe.
suidhe, fiadh,
as
lengthening,
compensatory
but
buail, i*boud-lo-),
aro.'t, arach,
disappears,
prefix the d
Jios
etc.,
etc.
{^ad-rim-)
(5)
aitreahh,
the
with
(4)
the
dh.
d,
Pre-consonantal
"
when
ite,0
preserves
of
Intervocalic
guidhe,
(3)
Ir.
dd.
for
(2)
0.
lu.
Celtic
uniform
is
root
affixes
I. E.
This
of
of the
the
to
root
reachd.
hochd,
[incaithte,spent,]in
taitinn, ridteach,
belong
ochd^ nochd,
The
t.
The
lit,^plt-tion-.
ETYMOLOGY.
th.
in t, as
begins
GAELIC
aspirate
an
-cht here
Gaelic
OF
for
see
this
d.~
a.
The
b.
The
from
nt
arising
in
from
spirant
From
-dd-
in
as
etc.
before
in
(/, as
hrody
druid.
nead,
trod,
etc.
but
in
; also
aidichy
"^ad-dam-.
I, E.
These
languages
(1).
Initial
corn.
in
appear
q,
if
k.
G.
"
and
"
uniformly
labialised, becomes
See
"
chiinn,
cu,
^."
as
as
in
the
Brittonic
Greek.
ceud, hundred,
cac,
cridhe, caomhy
OF
OUTLINES
Initial
W.
pedwar,
cruimJi, W.
has
the
but
W.
(2)
to
been
k,
deich,
(4)
; and
meanan,
breun,
ch,
eg
do
not
(4)
sinks
to
as
or
as
and
c,
Gaelic
-ik
acarach,
against
the
c.
word
G.
G.
and
(1)
W.
Initial
in
in
all,
consonants
and
W.
is in
the
gk,
b.
I. E.
But
g
geamhradh,
gh,
:
chd,
(5)
reduced
a^uachy
in
case
is ,s,
explosives,
for
which
see
(m),
but
in
G.
it
After
the
preserves
it
breug,
eug,
etc.
teasg,
root
or
as
appears
After
pre-consonantal.
from
arise
-kk
in
-gk
*mukku8,
rtiac,
in
bac,
postulates
(gen.) and W.
son,
cac,
boc, breac,
Gadelic
cnoc,
makko-s
as
; it is difficult
mab
form.
gh
g,
in
g,
one
g and
of g,
gh.
nil
which
labialised
case,
when
or
geal,
white,
gearan,
G.
in
appear
similar
in
as
g^
circumstances.
labialised, becomes
not, becomes
G.
paragraph.
; from
whether
gabh,
for
save
shows
pensatory
com-
dual,
in
guttural
etc.
and
with
here.
7iasg,
prefix
may
maqvi
the
result
long vow^el, as in
the c is preserved,
under
acuinn
mac,
Ogmic
for
account
exception
dias.
meur,
Before
I, the
measg,
next
see
loc, leacainn
The
vchel.
and
s,
see
I. E.
The
;.
an
"
derivations
s, the
becomes
ct
of the
It
ruicean,
gleac.
W.
freiceadan
in
craicionn,
to
W.
as
ebol, seach,
dacriyna,
Strachan's
paragraph
in
w^hich
before
aspirated
W.
disappears
With
preceding
g,
For
Intervocalic
These
anomaly
each,
Lat.
deur,
After
for
to
the
uasal,
see
q.
following,
From
I,n,
After
discussed.
explosives, the
(5)
^)j,
^auku
cainc, Skr.
the
with
g,
written
r,
leana.
in
as
c-c,
h,
cearc,
already
is
also
Prof.
appear
; for
Post-consonantal
c,
loch
in
as
cain,
W.
in
for
Jc,q,
in
compare
ss,
as
I. E.
W.
with
reason
Before
/',7.
muineal,
under
W.
/^'a/r,
co,
dropping it the G.
garmainn,
gioniach. Of.
is ch, W.
Compare
g, b.
G.
lengthening"
cb, cd,
coire, W.
etc.
ton
Ir.
cynt, coilley
W.
represents
and
compare
The
q.
Pre-consonantal
0.
ceiliog,etc.
pen,
the
dropped,
Further
heb,
W.
G. geug
shows
critg, jichead,
W.
(3)
has
Intervocalic
W.
ceud, first,W.
times
(/ at
Compare
ysgainc
g.
car,
casd,
W.
cea7i7i,
G.
that
latter.
initial
is, qv
XXVIL
pryf.
clear
seems
W.
coileach,
coes,
labialised, that
ceithir, W.
It
W.
celli,cas,
Initial
caraid,
See
simple.
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
I. E.
guala,
g
I. E.
go.
simple
gradh
in
G.
gh
is
appears
I. E. gh in
OUTLINES
XXVlll.
gHan,
hean, Eng.
GAELIC
gaol, puidhe,
gar,
(2)
OF
Celtic
See
g.
hleoghainn, tigli,bragh,
often
appears
ch
as
etc.
{3)
exist
to
vocalic
is found
ex,
ych,
etc.
chd,
as
ends
-gk
as
appears
-gg
Vj.,but
in
in
as
labialised
now
las,
uiseag.
in
as
in
as
and
ciomarh,
the
the
which
Intervocalic
times
view
smirk.
see
we
cases
W.
g may
The
etc.
where
short
short.
prefix
it
uchel,
for
as
noclid, sneachd,
dearg, fearg,
see
After
Lat.
ordinary
searg,
is preserved,
But
fulaing.
seang,
with
the
into
turn,
unguentum,
mm,
torn,
cam,
cum,
It arises
in prefirstly,which
as
beag, mogul, griogag, meag^
eagcd,
I. E.
above.
From
the
z
explosive
*
in
freagair, frith-gar-,eagna,
tg
;
eagar
g.
from
-sg
in
-zg,
under
have
The
arise
from
a
agair, agus.
-gg must
was
operative in early Gadelic, if we discard
Cf.
Eng. walk, hark,
already set forth.
For
this -gg see
paragraph third above.
Intervocalic
eug,
combinations
was
combinations
which
Before
geum.
"^congv in
keep, from
For
the
foregoing paragraph.
i^g
After
the
the
is
explosives,
g
served
preand
-tg {freagair), -dg (agair),
-gg,
see
ng-m
Gaelic
etc., which
in
m,
with
below.
see
Celtic
7)i
explosives the g
passed over
; -ct, -gt
coalesced
times
paragraph.
next
in
then
modern
For
conghJiail.
in
see
long, muing,
butter,
in
Before
etc.
uasal,
be
may
becomes
b, and
im,
-I, -n
Before
which
c, for
cumhang,
became
dg
ch,
ar,
results
leum,
ceum^
garg,
see
which
s, W.
-gb, -gd
W.
in
-r,
post-consonantal h ;
slug, bog, dag, lag, slige, sraugaid.
After
and
is preserved
I the
r
g.
g
Celtic
often
in
now
in
as
not
-M,
g,
Post-consonantal
cas,
in
as
in
it
does
become
-gl, -gn,
tain, brdn,
uan,
as
variously preserved
appear
words
of
labialised
-gr,
ng-m,
modern
W.
deer,
OS,
is
and
greigh, triiagh,
("^magos), imlich,
feur, *vegro-,
as
combination
long vowel,
preceding
becomes
Here
g.
'''vegno-,srbn,
the
termination
Intervocalic
lengthening,
in
aghaidh,
G.
Celtic
fual, feun,
(5)
in
Pre-consonantal
with
(4)
modern
deigh,
In
the
in
appears
braghad.
quern,
i^tegos),mach,
teack
eirich, fuirich.
(7ii\tJ{\ich,
seem
Lal:)ialised
guin.
geas,
queen,
Intervocalic
ETYMOLOGY.
the
arise
from
previous
word
"
or
vowel
syllable. Thus
thig
is regularly the
con,
cadal, cagar,
cogadh,
with
etc.
cos,
before
is
sentence
This
confused
lost
case
as
as
lengthened
short
with
in
i,
and
the
cogais,
Dr
in
-go-,
Stokes'
skulk,
breug,
in
in
Ir.
G.
geug,
few
about
brought
results
0.
in
lurk,
save
has
accent
"
has
c,
suffix
leig
from
is
the
concuhus,
of
outlines
Gaelic, only
on
the
first
on
the
first
the
stress
exists, and
accent
The
syllable.
syllable,save
xxlk.
8. Accent.
"
In
etymology.
gaelic
of
accent
the
in
it is
the
Old
Gaelic
of
the
verb.
case
placed always
likewise
was
Here
the
in
rested
verbs
the
stress
accent
as
a
rule, the
componnded
on,
the
the
the
but
accent
second
on
imperative placed
syllable;
this also took
rogative
first syllable,and
place after the negative and interparticlesand after the conjunctions gu^n and na'n {da'n).
accent
the
Thus
on
/aic, see thou, is iov f-aid-c, with
preposition
chi
stands
old
the
future
for
the
for
it
is
at/,
imperative ;
present
ci.
cha'ii
the
the
in
accent
is
where
root
on
Again
at-ch% videt,
the
on
is,
fhaca the negative brings the accent
prefix ad, that
is
the
the
accent
on
prefix,its ending consonant
f-ad-ca. When
and
initial
the
intervocalic
G.
when
the
the
is
accent
sufficient
the
on
accented,
unaccented
anail
"^dd-rtm,
grade,
gniomh,
their
as
from
congnam,
Ir.
0.
for
the
second
stem
of
(I)
rule.
first
deals
word
deals
and
the
from
vow^els
become
to
in
cases
many
broad
G.
present
when
con,
(aireavih
In
from
change
{e.g.comhnadh,
in -radh
compounds
served
pre-
(comh).
com
short
in
small
was
aspirated,and
are
verbs
it
in
truncation
preposition
unaccented
the
pletely
com-
0.
Ir.
-lack).
and
WORD-BUILDING.
of
with
with
The
result
suffers
root
consonants
anal), and
consists
Word-building
The
this
from
II.
the
and
irregular
ten
was
but
root, these
The
of
illustrations
coalesce
root
consonant,
preserved.
is
root
the
of the
consonant
two
the
suffixes
composition and
of separate
compounding
tion.
deriva-
parts"
(and prefixes)that
words
make
up
the
its root.
The
wielded
be two
stems
together: righ-theach,
compound
may
palace, *rigo-tegos,"king's house"; righ-fhaidh, royal prophet
is a
king who
prophet" ; ceann-fhionn, white-headed,
penno-vindo-s ; ceithir-chasach, four-footed
; duhh-ghlas, dark"
"
blue
out
the
in
the
first stem
is
lot."
in
the
are
In
compounds.
Teuto-hodiaci,
six
Celtic
G. seannearly always
o-, as
G. Muirgheal).
sider
Con(but Catu-slogi,Mori-dunum,
following compounds : iodhlann, miolchu, dircheard,
mhathair
the
These
following
;
are
common
ath-,
:
prefixes-
hheb, hith-bhuan
f\r-,fior-, very,
eilthire, gnath-fhocal,
il-,iol-, many
saobh-, pseudo-.
hantrach
;
ion-,
re-,
capture
ath-ghlac, re-
hitli-,ever-,
hith-
OUTLINES
XXX.
The
OF
suffixes
following
-lack, from
belong
madraidh,
sluagh
-or,
etc.
-ail, like
"
teaghlach, dbrlach^
in
seen
reahhradh,
macraidh,
sons,
righre,
; it makes
adjectives
from
nouns,
etc.
anihail
^amhail,
; from
worcl-builcling :
deeds.
great
mor,
lionmJior,
in
seen
oigridh, youth,
kings, gniomharra,
-mhor,
of
W.
dogs,
from
branch
this
etc.
"^redn^
from
ETYMOLOGY.
to
"^slougo-,now
bylach, youth,
-radh,
GAELIC
for
rioghail
riogh-amhail,
king-like.
diminutive
-an,
root
gno-s,
0.
masculine,
gen,
bear
fem.
in
Ir. an,
Ogmic
(Stokes) :
in
as
for
-agnos,
fear
"^apo-
tmaghan,
an,
etc.
diminutive
-ag,
This
Stokes
from
this
or
fem.
he
es
issa.
Lat.
Cf.
ciarseach
and
fem.), from
has
been
form,
with
deduces
explained by
adjectival
the
from
cldir
haiseach,
W.
es, which
seach, bonnsach,
(Ir).
be
compound
may
:
genitive mac-leisg,and
The
(masc.
caileag, etc.
Ir. es,
"^iqd,and
ceir seach
Ir. -6c
termination
0.
from
as
comes
in
seen
feminine
addition
(2)
0.
G.,
one
all the
another
governing
noun
personal
in
names
in
the
gille,
mac,
maol.
(3)
Uninflected
a.
prefixes :
To
E.
before
{aotrom
for
h, d,
before
an
(ao-)
(iongantas),eu-
vowels,
aineol,
before
t, c,
"^ii-trommo-s).
e-tro7n,
add
negative
G.
y,
"
ion-, inthis
I.
prefixes
Negative
also
mi-,
(eas-),di- (der-^
as-
neo-,
di-air-).
h.
(4)
Old
Prefixes
of
the
intensive
adverbial
are
ad-,
:
(^[uality
Lat.
ad
w4th
urlar.
re-,
{aith gives
taisg, etc.
air, ^by,
on
all
prepositions.
one
aireamh
and
continually
accented
with
to-
with/o-
in
prepositions
prepositions.
ad-rim-).
epiur
in
as
ad
aithreachas
above
the
with
gives
as
in
etc.
{^ati-rec-),
in
These
confused
(^ad-her-),agair,
;
(so-char);
so-
other
two
or
faic =f-ad-ci
aca) : ahair
Compounded
{fo-ad-gab).
Compounded
tairis, tairg,
in
and
forms
{do-char), and
ro-.
combined
often
do
tearainn
iomdr-hhaigh,
with
;
with
iomarchiir.
in
com
di-
in
comhairle
dearmad
with
with
to-
imm-
in
OF
OUTLINES
as,
out,
air
with
in
with
iar, after
with
tuairisgeid ;
and
tional
in
to-
teasairg;
tuamsdal
iarogha,
comh-thioncd.
With
doiible
ioimsuidh.
in
?^7^
to-,
to-fo-ar in
pounded
Com-
; in
in ; with
in,
el-rich.
with
eadar-sgaradh.
*iarfaighim, now
febraich
between
eadar,
%dreai"blimdli
to-forto-fo-in tuasgail.
with
XXXl.
as-eirigh,as-creideamh, eas-hhuidh,
es-
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
with
Compounded
Eng.
out
lohairt
with
in
^0-
comh-,
con-,
co-
with
im-
with
dimeas,
ohaidh.
ohann,
di-
coimhead,
concuhus) ;
de
to-
in
timchioll,
in
Compounded
diiisg;
with
fo
in
with
fbgair
tohar, tog.
with
di-, de,
with
tiomnadh.
tiomsach,
aith-
in caochladh
com
comaidh,
in iomchorc
caisg, cogadh.
with
pounded
Com-
in
con
dean.
do-, to
fo,
imder
unaccented
is the
this
form
foghnadh,
in
pounded
Comfoglilumi, fcdach, Julaing.
with
to- in torachd, tuisleadh
tiiarasdcd
(to-fo-ess-)
tuasgail (to-fo-as-).
(to-fo-ar-as-),
for, far,
super
in
Compounded
before
in
rug
robhas,
in
rosg,
in
stem
following are
formation
the
:
frith, fris
as
in
{frlth-com-).
rcdjhadh,
radharc.
Compounded
1.
0-, a-,
in cid
SufUxes.
important
most
suffixes
used
in Gaelic
"
2.
as
appears
teirig,toirmisg.
Stein
for
it
(ro-ud-).
tairm-
tar, across,
The
of fo-.
aitreabh,
('^'citlo-),
:
{^coxd).
crlathar, krei-tro-,email, i^ana-tld),
sgeul,
cas
cineal.
3.
4c. V0-,
5.
no-,
vd-,
nd-,
UV0-,
nno-,
eno-,
(letano-s).It
er-nio-).
tarbh
uvd-\
is
ono-
each
{*tar-vo-),
:
See
in
iarunn
ro-,
tjo-,sqio-.
{*ek-vo-),
beb, (bi-vo-).
secondary
no-,
domhan,
cf.
leathan
tighearna (^feg-
OUTLINES
XXXll.
6.
met-
??io-,
etc.
numeral
-eir,denoting
tero-,
9.
lo-,Id-, Uo-,
10.
ero-
in
mdr, lar,
stem
-dro-n, as
agents
11.
hho-,
12.
to-, td-.
This
is
Here
one
coignear^
person,
-drius, -drium,
Gaelic
cldrsair, harper,
"
the
comes
-air^
etc.
eadar.
siol,neul, ciall,giall.
{"^cos-lo-),
coll
uallach.
odhar,
(^gob-bo-).
earb, gob
Lat.
to
doers
or
hodhar.
ar,
aonar,
sinnsear, uachdar,
etc.
ETYMOLOGY.
sior,
; it is allied
persons
8.
GAELIC
lorn, caomh.
trom,
OF
the
participial termination
in
I. E.
most
In G. it is used
for the
Also
in
languages.
past passive.
the
adjectives nochd, bochd, gndth, etc. ; nouns
dligheadh,
dearrriad, govt.
13.
afxf^pocnos.
tjo-,tjd-: Gr.
G.
14.
td-
15.
to-
nouns
This
0.
deiclieanYili,
ho-, kd-\
1 7.
qo-,
Ir.
qio-,
denoting agent
go-,
20.
Stems
gd
as
sqio-
i-
in
buain
; in
numerals:
the
in
ach,
(-iqio-s)
iche
form
cndimh
; in
cf.
In
deigh.
maith,
cruimh,
cuimhneach,
nouns
uisge.
tnanke
Danish,
and
etc.
seasg,
measg,
mz-,
^suli-qo-s ;
adjectives
the
Further,
dird, muir,
for
maraiche,
muing,
see
ordinal
"^dehmmeto-.
saileach
buadhach.
in
the
in
for
Especially
viarcach,
sqo-,
passive participle in
\obairt.
now
appears
dechmad,
ago-
creidmheach.
19.
the
juvn-ko-.
og, yowag,
qd-,
lobart,
comparative.
16.
18.
forms
briste,caithte^ etc.
of abstract
as
This
etc.
li-,samhail,
form
"
etc.
; in
which
in
ti-,
some
infinitives
21.
tdti-,that
22.
Stems
appear.
is, Celtic
in
lenu-
G.
the
added
23.
Stems
'
of abstract
an
-n
cases
The
loch.
infinitives.
in
cuirm, druim,
nu-,
"
and
its like
the
form
^aiv-es-tu-
Here
tio
are
is
tu-
being
dorus, follus.
;
is 'Eire,
-ien, there
; the
common
very
common
from
so
In
ionga.
and
chd.
in
arises
eiridinn, faotainn,
see
In
(-dtu-).
aois,
Similarly
leum
many
reachd
vm,
stems
in -tin- ;
are
cii, ara,
g. ^bi-tdt-os.
linn, 0. Ir. lin,
beatha, life,^bitds,
nouns,
stem
-es
:
Eireann.
in adh
infinitives
to
in
are
especially
as
-eas,
there
tu-
cruth
come
tus
tiugh,jiiuch, dub,
] in
guth,
In
u-
tat-,
etc.
-men,
masculine
in
oblique
in
common
-mon,
in
ainm,
britheamh, ollamh,
talamh.
24.
25.
Stems
Stems
form.
in
in
-r
-t,
only
-nt
the
family
nochd,
names
night
athair, mdthair,
caraid,
friend
"
etc.
participial
OUTLINES
26.
Stems
in
cathair,
27.
Neuter
28.
Comparative
Two
in
or
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
G.
natkair,
XXXllL
nathrack,
g.
in
-es
in
stems
referred
san-yas-.
stems
peculiar
\\\iQflichead,moisture,
to
'''md-jds,sine,
greater
mo,
to
Gaelic
^-antu-
or
-ato-titt
A.
1.
0-
stems.
Ir.
from
come
possibly
the
The
has
latter
ACCIDENCE.
o-stem
hall,
member.
("?)
mentioned.
an
original
with
preserved d in
been
variously
is its
Declension.
Masc.
etc.
correlated
been
Jliuchaidatu,
GADELIC
OF
SYNOPSIS
III.
0.
be
may
Idir^ lasair,
so
etc.
stems
Skr.
Adair
or
OF
origin.
XXXIV.
OUTLINES
OF
GAELIC
ETYMOLOGY.
OF
OUTLINES
5.
Consonantal
(a). Stem
(d). Neuter
S.
N.,
A.
G.
D.
Dual
N.
tigh
tighe
tigh
da thigh
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
in
Stems,
athair,
in
stem
teg,
tige
-es
tech
tig
da
XXXV.
thech
father.
tigh^ house.
tegos
tegesos
tegesi
tegese
6.
Adjectives.
(1)
Adjectives belonged
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
OF
OUTLINES
XXXVl.
the
to
o-
and
a-
declensions,
like
declined
marhh,
now
the
the
as
nouns
and
0-
declensions
a-
"
0.
Ir.
(2)
luath
coemiu,
coem,
:
0.
Ir.
coemem
*koimos,
*koimj6s,
:
"^koimimos
*loutimos.
The
form
The
be
numerals
may
be
seen
in
the
Dictionary
in
their
Celtic
are
so
phonetically
gone
restored.
B.
even
Conjugation.
agam,
asam.
"^loutos, ^loutiteros,
astray
that
they
cannot
OUTLINES
OF
Present
Secondary
Gaelic,
S.
ETYMOLOGY.
GAELIC
Subjunctive.
or
Gadelic.
Irish,
Old
XXXV
bheiriiin
no
berinn
berin
blieireadh
no
bertha
berethas
no
bered
hereto
no
bermmis
berimmiss
bheireadh
bheireamaid
(I)
bheireadh
sibh
no
berthe
berethi
bheireadh
iad
no
bertis
berintiss
gabus
gabis
gab
gabsam
gabsid
gabsat
gabassu
(I)
(I)
Aorist.
S.
P.
1.
do
2.
ghabh
ro
3.
ghabh
ro
1.
ghabh
ro
2.
ghabh
ro
3.
ghabh
ro
ghabh
ro
gabassi
gabas-t
gabassomos
gabassete
gabassont
Imperative.
S.
P.
1.
beiream
2.
beir
beir
here
berthe
berethes
berad
hereto
3.
beireadh
1.
beireamaid
beram
2.
beiribh
berid
berete
3!
beireadh
bcrat
berontd
iad
Passive.
Indicative
"
Present.
S.
3.
beirear
berir
beretor
P.
3.
beirear
iad
bertir
berentor
Present
Secondary
Subjunctive,
or
bheirteadh
no
berthe
bheirtcadh
iad
no
bertis
Past
chanadh
chanadh
iad
"
"
Tense.
ro
chet
cantos,
ro
cheta
cantas
Imperative.
beirear
beirear
berar
iad
bertar
Participle,
cainte
cete
cantjos
"caiitus'
(n.f.)
11.
SUPPLEMENT
TO
SUPPLEMENT
1.
OUTLINES.
far the
to how
as
Linguistic Survey of India
limited
to be
as
Concerning Asia
embracing India.
restricted
be
is to
to living Aryan
languages.
Waldhdume
und
Kulturpjlanzen
(Triibner,
Hoop's
The
113-114, 382-384.
question is far from
being
cf. Grierson's
is
statement
the
OUTLINES.
TO
statement
2.
J.
V.
1905),
pp.
settled.
3.
cf.
italique et
Italic
Dottin
G.
He
celtique.
en
desinences
Les
verbules
the
regards
en
passive
the
common
independent creation,
of
period
Indo-European
unity.
-bo he regards as
a
possibly analogous formation
Compare critique in
origin and development.
back
as
an
343,
where
de
D'Arbois
M.
Jubainville
congres
1895
;
cf.
Windisch
relative
M.
D'Arbois
der
Magazine^ ed. by
cf. Rhys's Celtae
MacBain's
Dr
Academy.
Dr
Rhys's
and
references
reviewed
in
the
by
his
and
in
Indo-
Osservazioni
Actes
dixieme
du
Leide
The
in
ago
cf. Giles's
Brill,
of
Proceedings
it in
of
are
Scottish
Scottish
the
"
the
of
in the
449.
British
Historical
as
also
France
and
interest,
the
of
paper
of
Also
views
Manual
Inscriptions of
the
in
the
partie,
years
in
Review
in
writer
different
Celtique, 1 8,
exception to some
discussed.
some
Galli
Celtic
in
Revue
Ascoli
erne
going
future
notices
Celtic
the
in
and
and
70.
MacBain.
and
4.
ii.
the
conserved
il neolatino
Rom.
accessible
made
Celtic
Review
summarized
is
were
J.
Forschungen
Grundriss
literature
G.
see
Orientalistes
des
Indogerm.
in
has
en
Celtic
in
Even
takes
Latin,
Sanskrit
en
element
the
to
in
J.
Sir
Italy
Review, July,
^
Historical
1908.
5.
Beitrdge,
of
Stokes
See
Scotland,
Pictish
paper
treating
See
Beitrdge,
B.
Old
Italy, and
Philologie.
and
(Edin.
Celtic
xi.,
clearly
Matriarchy
Gleann
Nan
second
Zimmer's
Dr
of
112-141
reviews
Names
Other
and
the
MacBain
Dr
problem.
Leabhar
6.
In
18.
Band
Pictish
on
edition
N.
of Skene's
summarizes
views
Among
in
were
the
Picts
the
made
given
Bezzenherger's
Highlanders
whole
accessible
in the
of
the
in
writer's
Macleod).
in
by Stokes
Bezzenherger's
Celtic
Inscriptions of France
; Rhys's
in Zeitschrift filr Celtische
by Thurneysen
:
Inscriptions
SUPPLEMENT
7.
cf.
Lexicon
and
Rhys
Etymol.^
Modern
8.
before
different
The
Ogmn
value
in
require
we
R.
Mr
the
case
for
of
the
of
be
only
explained
imported
or
between
vowels
Stewart
MacAlister,
D.
which
this
of
Loth's
see
invented
was
([jondon
Breton
s) can
A.
in
dialects
i.
vowel-flanked
Inscriptions
read
to
ch.
Henry's
v.
the
to
Old
of
Ogmic
xi., 144.
People
refers
alphabet
disappearance of .s
regular
on
he
periods
(for
the
berger's Beitrdge,
work
the
of
that
the
Welsh
presence
by assuming
T'he
xxiii., where
On
Vieux-
The
Jones
p.
Breton.
Vocabulaire
OUTLINES.
TO
Bezzen-
v.
"
his
in
Nutt), suggests
if
case,
have
we
the
of
transcription
/" for
3,
Ogam
alphabet.
Add
K.
Clarendon
Irish
version
Stokes
by
10.
Celtische
fur
found
in
volume
11,
The
the
of
C.
M.
been
Robertson
"
of
in
of
Gaelic
the
A. in
18.
the
of
Gaelic
Society of
before
the
in
Society of
the
Celtische
of which
of
treatment
Gaelic
and
Professor
the
in
paper
also
Review
Celtic
the
Scottish
forthcoming
Fhilologi"';
in
in
been
since
Inverness.
writer's
subject
Dialects
by
Ratisbon,
writer
cf. the
same
ed.
Zeitschrift
in
has
poems
from
Gaelic
the
Phonetics
anlaut
MS.
the
by
critique
chief
Zeitschrift filr
on
The
the
(2nd
Society).
Stern's
Irish
an
given
Scottish
on
of
in
Transactio7is
Macfarlane's
19.
version
Dialects
Mackinnon
One
Oengusso
Old
the
transliterated
was
; cf.
12,
Gaelic
Rev
Gleann
Nan
has
account
an
contents
(Oxford
of
Celtique
Felire
Bradshaw
Henry
the
of
and
;
Psalter
the
on
Revue
the
Emere
Philologie.
good
treatise
in
of
half
one
Leahhar
in
edition
Publications
in
Irish
Tochmarc
of
About
writer
old
Meyer's
Press), his
actions
Trans-
Inverness.
vowel
to
seems
from
come
So
^.
with
Heriu
=irdi"s,and
apparently in Irish haue
cognate
iriepia.
This
in
Grundriss,
Armenian,
see
Bragmann's
change is regular
ed. of
last
Stokes
44.
In
in
"30"
Bezzenberger's Beitrdge, 23,
word
Greek
Felire
the
Stokes
of the
regards ire as the cognate
"
cited.
But
to
seems
this
does
represent
not
a
vanished
derivation
of
amharus
Grammatik
der
fCeltischen
of
20.
from
in
Grundriss
Brugmann's
A
the
Gadelic.
great
historic
Dr
affect
and
the
p
see
Sprachen,
der
Vergl.
in
cases
the
compare
Dr
as
which
for
as
the
in
the
Vergleichende
Pedersen's
well
historic
an
edition
second
Grammatik.
what
with
one
levelling,as compared
development of Indo-European, has
MacBain's
Alphabet
Indo-European
gutturals, although perhaps it would
must
taken
is
infer
place
therefore
been
have
simplified in the
Osthoff
series
more
regular to have
apart.
put in a labio-velar
motherk-rows, labio-velar, velar, palatal, in the
recognises three
SUPPLEMENT
TO
OUTLINES.
0
"i
speech
Latina
of
the
recognise
together,
fallen
three
In
gutturals.
the
Forschungen,
Indogerm.
v.
rows
Gadelic
but
c,
is
and
Zupitza's
the
distinct
Etyma
cf.
velar
the
there
k,
Wharton's
246
4,
treatment
series
palatal
the
of
treatment
have
labio-
velar.
Contamination
21.
although
Cymric
the
0.
dacruma,
view
of
have
been
German,
H.
cognate
open
be
take
But
here.
Old
Latin
shows
zdhre^
Germ.,
tdi\
side
Brythonic
the
Lateinisches
where
5,
L.
in
form
pre-historic
the
Walde's
p.
to
into
Etymol"is
acer
given
as
high.
meith,
diphthongized
is
of
case
should
this
Icelandic,
on
also
Gadelic
er,
meith
22.
0.
Dr
319,
p.
Irish
and
daigr^
may
work
at
is
developed
Compare
Worterbuck,
with
we
which
*dakru.
proto-Celtic
gisches
zahar,
forms,
"^diikru,
been
cognate
Gadelic
the
have
may
as
with
Dictionary,
dialect
Northern
the
in
the
in
as
long
miath
a
"
diphthongization
long
of
open
where
has
there
been
no
lengthening.
compensatory
23.
See
24.
See
Zeitschrift
Celtische
fur
Band
Philologie,
3,
275,
264,
691.
Philologie,
25.
al
=
Zupitza
2,
See
Foy
Indogerm.
Zeitschrift,
i, j
on
in
Celtic,
Zeitschrift
in
Celtische
fiir
189-192.
f,
35,
Indogerm.
in
253.
and
6,
Forschungen,
Zupitza
on
_r,
in
337,
Celtic,
on
Celtic
in
Kuhn's
ar^
CORRIGENDA.
xxxiii.
Page
In
the
third
line
from
bottom
the
of
the
page,
"
for
read
krid
kridion
in
on,
the
for
page,
the
eleventh
line
the
word
in
brackets,
read
(ballons).
from
the
bottom
of
AN
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
OF
THE
GAELIC
LANGUAGE.
AN
ETYA'IOLOGICAL
THE
i)]CTIONARY
G'Al-LIC
LANGUAGE.
A
.a, vocative
br.
e.yds
a
of
rel.
0.
ex
as
an-,
Lat.
of
in
in
as
at
see
ab,
an,
defiance,
oho,
-aba, abbot,
whence
apdaine,
names
"
abbey
ah,
also
ab,
Gr.
the
O.
particle
of
aspiration
by
as
done
past
am
(for
san,
rel.
(cf. Eng.
the
by
(1776
the
the
in
as
an,
ir.
pi. dsdta).
verbal
used
art.
sometimes
prep,
Collection,
an,
11:^).
p.
before
is
and
sios
the
mas
ir.
I.
from
from,
von,
0.
Ir.,
derivative
Ger,
(xtto
null
nuas,
a(p)ona,
The
before
Ir.
0.
K.
exact
is
due
mias.
nis,
stigh,
steach,
is
the
q.v.
The
of
nios,
bhos,
and
older
AI.
ah,
Ir.
Lat.
; cf.
q.v.
ahh,
hahw,
is
interjection
an
Gr.
of
ftafSai.
Hence,
abbas,
abbatis,
dirt.
abb,
W.
M.
ahad
Hence
abbot.
in
do,
pi-ep.
at.
ag,
ah
abab,
Ir.
is the
verbs,
wonder
Eng.
abbacy,
Appin,
Celtic
the,
AI'A.'s
Ir.
bhan,
fie !
doubtless
of
caoraich"
na
iiios,
ab
in, into,
an,
prep,
or
exjo,
their,
gen.
the
merely
are
is
Celtic.
the
with
analogy
ab,
Lat.
Celtic
e,
fern.
done
neut.
nail,
etc.
amczs,
equivalent
a', the,
is an,
pi.
Skr.
is
Br.
el,
really paratactic,
cases
bi
am
adverbs
whence
apo,
a,
Br.
as.
see
the
in
from,
is
the
locative
W.
explain
to
which
sam),
rel.
coire
also
used
san,
"An
of,
as
Coni.,
gen.
esau
this
G.
Oblique
The
The
gives
In
sentence,
Ir.
that).
to
W.,
(accented),
(Stokes
time,
sentence.
am
a,
a,
as2/d, asyds.
esjon
past
sam,
.a, out
Ir.
di
a,
(rel. pron.).
future
rel.
Ir.
gen,
Celtic
that
do
0.
a,
Skr.
n-,
who,
a,
0.
a,
CO.
a,
Ir.
particle,
G.
Abbathania
"
abbey
from
Lat.
abaid,
lands,"
(131U),
abbey.
whence
Abthein
M.
Ir.
place(1220),
lands."
1
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
abadh,
E.
Ir. apad^
syllable, utterance
proclamation : ad-ha-y
;
Lat.
faUir, fama, Eng. fame.
ha^ speak ;
M.
Ir. ahaid,
E.
Ir. apaig, "^ad-hagiy
Ir.
ahaidh^
abaich, ripe,
Celtic
0.
Ir.
autumnatio
apchugud^
bog, q.v.
ad-bach,
is from
addfed
root
abaideai,colic (M'A.)
abair,
say,
hake
Eng.
confluence
Deer)
epiiir, Celtic
cent.),
od
in
only
which
Pictish
dd-bero
W.
Br.
;
auon,
Sk.
Gallo-Brit.
ad-hero-,
obair
it
W.
flo^v"
nunour,
false
abhaist,
custom,
Manx
M.
ad+heus?
the
compares
abhall,
an
suggests.
ad.-btro-.
"^ati-horo-ii
Also
tabh,
q.v.
Lat.
Gr.
ahanuy
amnis
word.
following
:
ahh,
from
Ir.
aihhiie),0.
{^ah-nis).
(6[xf^pos,imber)
d"f)po'i
Ahona
Ir. adhbhachd
;
17th
in
of
Aporicum
out.
water
the
(so
of
her ;
root
; this
op)er
"to
(B.
Cf.
q.v,
Ir.
E.
abacc,
afanc.
abhagas,
suavis.
see-
abhadh.
and
amhhas,
Gaelic
Celtic
the
Eng.
to
0.
0.
the
against
amh
less
abh
dwarf
aparr.
pronounces
as
allied
ud,
aper,
with
flow%"
is for
afon,
Root
re-fero
names
correctly
w^ord.
of dog ; an
onomatopoetic
river, Ir. ahhann
(gen. abhann, now
abh, bark
abhainn,
Lat.
(Holden).
abarach, bold ; see ahair above.
abardair, dictionary (Shaw) ; from
ahair, q.v.
abartach, talkative, bold ; from
abair, q.v.
Norse
net
hdfr, pock-net.
^bh, hand
; from
Spelt
\V"
See
place
W.
Gaelic
agrees
"out
0.
aher,
Modern
od-hero-,
The
cficoyio.The
Ir.
W.
abhor,
heir.
see
in
as
met.
\ Gr.
hug,
root
beir.
in
root
Ir., 0.
so
of
root
Celtic
^ad-bog-,
Meyer
orchard,
Tr.
0.
suspicion
-abais
suggests
from
apple-tree,M.
of
(O'R.),
ahhest
(pi.).
dhaisi
Ir.
Ir.
oaysh,
See
betis,
duabais,
N.
Ir.
Ascoli
custom.
and
teter,
avist, abode
(O'B.),
abaise
suahaisy
unlikely.
ahall, apple-tree.
sillyjest (M'A.) :
abharsair, Satan, Ir. aidhbherseoir, E, Ir, adbirseoir
Also
aibhistear.
adversarius
(Eng. adversary).
abhcaid, a jest ; see ahhachd.
Lat.
abhlan, wafer, so L*., 0. Ir. ohla, g. oblann
; from
See
iibhal.
abharr,
an
oblation.
; from
Lat.
oblationem"
OP
abhra,
eyelid ;
GAELIC
THE
LANGUAGE.
fabhra.
see
Ir.
Ir. abhras, 0.
spinning, produce of distaff, Ir., M.
ahras, gestus, E. Ir. abras, handiwork, spinning, ahairsech^
abhras,
needlewoman.
Corm.
derives
who
(B) abras,
L.
it from
Lat.
abra, ancilla.
abhsadh,
the
Norse
clew
hdlsa,
collum.
abhsporag,
cow^s
throttle
is also
; borrowed
(M'A.)
Cf.
Ir.
abhsadh
ablach,
above.
carcase
"^dd-bal-ac-, from
0.
abailt, death,
and
the
prefix ;
abran
;
Abraon,
From
(M'A.
see
and
Gaelic
H.S.D.),
dictionaries
Gaelic
our
ablach.
Scotch
comes
Ir. ; founded
so
is due
form
abstol, apostle^
an
oar-patch
on
Lat.
Ir.
folk-etymology,
to
on
boat's
wale
gun-
Eng.
Ir.
; ^dd-conti-
stitch
pain,
acain, sigh, complaint,
Ir.
E.
which
April).
(Eng.
Aprilis
apstal, W.
apostle.
0.
absdal,
ap)ostolus,whence
a
in
appears
root
same
aparan.
April,
The
first of them
Shaw.
through
(/el,whence
Eng, quell.
the
atbail, perit, from
e2)eltti,
Ir.
has
Irish
root
acaid,
allsadh.
Also
hence.
Lat.
stomach,
of hcUs, neck.
compound
ablach, a mangled
carcase,
abran,
up
hawser
Eng.
from
of
slackening
relates
it to
braon.
apostol
; from
Lat.
urchoid.
see
accdine, W.
a.cfnvyn ;
dd
caoin
see
caoin, weep.
acair, anchor,
acarsaid,
From.
Lat.
Ir.
acair, acre,
Ir.
aucaire,
0.
Ir.
whence
W.
N.
from
anchorage,
ancora,
ingor,
akkarsaeti,
lumber
an,
anchor.
Eng.
; from
acra
Ir. ;
see
Eng. axle,
word
; Lat.
campu
field,
lus
see
so
ax-tree
of
like
ing
mean-
Ir.,
(Adamnan),
act, 0.
Ir.
without.
cktos,
The
Welsh
For
for
"
the
but"
is
exter-.
price,
gence,
indul-
"c.
0.
ekster
Sc.
from
G. (B. of Deer)
achd,
ach, but,
eks
Gr.
ex
possibly, from
; cf
eks.
change of vowel, cf. as, from
achadh,
; dd-car-
interest.
ocar,
; borrowed
Ir.
eithr, from
shades
which
acartha, profit,so
acastair, axle-tree
"
anchor-seat.'^
"
Eng. acre
; Lat.
ager.
acarach, gentle ; Ir. acarach, obliging, convenient,
oft' into
acartha, profit; W.
achar, affectionate
moderate
in
has
friendly. M'A.
acarra,
car,
which
acartha.
belongs to
a car
akkeri
N.
; from
angor
0.
G.
impatience
achad,
"^acoto- ; Lat.
0.
Ir.
founded
ached
acies, acnua,
on
above
(locative1)
field.
"4
ETYMOLOGICAl.
DICTIONARY
dialectic
for achuingi', (\.\.
achain, prayer
;
acharradh, dwarf, sprite :
Lat.
achd, statute, so Ir., M. Ir. acht ; from
actum,
Ir.
achd
above.
condition,
as
achd, manner,
; same
aktunative
^
'/Kig-tna
('^ag-tu-,
?) underlying
of the
word, especially in Irish.
achdarr, achdartha, methodical, expert (H.S.D.)
achlaid,
chase, pursuit,
fishes, hunts,
achlais,
Sc.
M.
ascall,
Lat.
the
There
E.
oc/isal, W.
axilla
titclaid,
cesail.
valence
e(pu
Norse
Ir.
claoidh.
see
Ir.
l)o
may
meanings
some
acclaid, fishing,
regular philologic
from
"
Ir.
ad-claidivi
Ir.
from
borrowing
so
pursues
arm-pit,
divergence
Ir., M.
Eiig. act.
The
here
oxl^
proves
Vii'v.
achsel,
oxter,
achlan,
(M'L.)
lamentation
achmliasail,
for
Ir.
rebuke,
ocli-lan
for
achmhusdn,
from
och.
Ir. cLtlichomsd)i
E.
; cf. aithis
root.
hunger,
acras,
E.
ocru^,
Lat.
accorus,
(F"^.422).
Ir.
E.
acfulnn,
0.
ad-cumang,
^'ad~co-resiu-,
^careo
accoutrements,
under
further
occorus
previo
apparatus
means,
see
Ir.
Ir.
cumang,
cumhachd.
adag,
arising
shock
of
in
grain
from
aWi-
or
corn,
Ir.
adag
the
Lat.
the
ath-, q.v.
; cf.
small
field, a
Ir.
Sc.
hat,
stack
hot, hut,
built
in
"to
the
field
W.
afu,
put up
;" M.E.
hutte, heap,
the English.
adag", a haddock
; from
Ir. ; from
the
English.
so
adamant,
adamant,
Ir. 6a,
Ir.
0.
aeghe,
liver,
adha, ae,
g. ae,
root
adhan,
adha
for
proverb (M'A.);
; Skr.
adage
adhal,
Cf.
av.
flesh
pavire
hook
?
But
ah,
cadha
ae,
for
aghan,
rather
ae,
Br.
avu,
cae.
agJi,Lat.
root
ajo, adagio,
say.
(Sh.), so Ir., O.
cf. Eng. aivl, M.
Ir.
E.
del,
and
tridens
Ag.
S.
*iKwelo-,
aivel,awl,
Lat.
flesh-
hook,
adhaltrach,
Lat.
adulterous,
adulter,
whence
Ir.
Ir.
adaltrach;
from
adulterous.
Eng.
Ir. adarc
ayxeo,
E.
adhaltranach,
"c.
ad-arc
root
ar"/,
defend,
as
in
OF
adharcan,
"honied
hipwiim',
LANGUAGE.
adharc;
Dial,
daoireagan.
ad-arf
art,
stone
irom
bird;"
(P. O'C).
Ir. adaircin
adhart,
GAET.IC
THE
pillow,
Iv.,
so
Tr.
E.
adart
See
airtelv.
is
adhart, aghart, "progress" (Diet.). This
air
adverbial
the
from
adhart,
phrase
araird,
Hence
it is
adhastar,
air-\-ard,
halter,
forward
bring
forward,
which
0.
in
Ir.
M.
in
arairt,
Ir.
is
prorsum.
cpv.
Manx
made
ghost-word,
ada^tar
Ir.
cf. W.
oddest/, steed,
adhbhal,
awful,
vast,
y)lnd,swell,
Slvr.
Skr,
big,
strong,
de-hllU,
weak,
SI.
adhna,
ag,
at, with
ag",
Ir.
give
root
7iPuk, enk,
doubt
; E.
It
as
to
agallamh,
is
Skr.
ad-gldditr,
Ir.
hind,
converse
agh, 0.
buada
late
M.
Ir.
bring
0.
See
ace.
next,
Skr.
no
speak
ac,
root
gar,
cry;
essay
face,
phonetics
pan,
; Gr.
and,
hag
Ir.
ag,
root,
W.
ad-gldd-,
glaodh.
see
a?:(, Arm.
(P.
sonas
agos-
Ir.
M.
O'C
(St.).
ezn
ccdh
dd, luck,
for
acaldam,
ada,
; root
dg-,
Ir.,
so
Ir.
E.
dgach,
ag,
"^dgu- ;
war,
Skr.
ajls,.
so
Ir., ().
so
referred
usually
aghann,
jar
for
Ir.
; Gr.
contest
agus,
Ir,
next,
see
warlike,
aghaib,
aghaidh,
0.
agcdlamh,
ajcia,buck
goat.
; Lit. ozys,
adh, happiness, luck, Manx
also
aghach,
Ir.
conversation,
Ir.
0.
is
Lat.
ad/ion, sustentator.
refusal,
ac,
bring
thig, cpv.
cfs. Heb.
Ir.
nanko,
in
ad-nank-
goir.
see
agh,
Lat.
bailceack
wdience
onomatopoetic
deny.
in
Br.
hak, Imkal
ag'adh, hesitancy
; cf.
speech,
indistinctly. See foregoing word.
agair, plead, so Ir., (). Ir. acre
ad-gar(n.),from
agh,
hel, hol^
/SeATepos, better,
verb
H.S.D.
refusal,
acorn,
root
it with
root
adnacid, sepulcrum
(Macd.) :
only ; see aig.
inf.
agadh,
W.
I. E.
further
0.
advocate
an
E.
compares
)sthofF
Gr.
holijt, greater
(Osthotf)
adhlac, Ijurial, Ir. adhlacadh,
otlo
(^'^"ad-nagtlo-,
Zim.)
;
I.
bail, buil.
and
nanciscor
and
strength,
halam,
Ch.
"^ad-hol-
Zimmcr
etc.
Stokes
hala, strength.
adfml
Ir.
hloom,
Eng.
in
as
Ir., 0.
so
Ir., 0.
ayyo?,
Ir., 0.
allied
to
aged, '''agitd;
the
root
0(f,
I.E.
Lat.
root
lead.
ag,
ociilus,etc.,
but
It
the
unsatisfactory.
are
so
Ir.
is
Ir.
aigen,
Celtic
; Skr.
agind
aga,
water
vessel.
Ir. acus,
fagus,
B.
ocus,
near,
0.
of
Ir.
Deer
ocus,
acits,
W.
0.
agos,
W.
Br.
ac,
Br.
hogoz
ETYMOLOGICAL
^aggostu-, ad-gosmound
(Zimmer).
narrow
Celtic
the
accent
accent
This
as
Stokes
refers
abhainn.
in
to
derivation
The
cf. 0.
Ir.
from
abyss
sea,
Ir.
ahyssus
form, aibirsidh,
b,
a,
from
comes
itself
c,
d,
the
v.
from
L.
refers
the
to
of
root
chaidh, went,
Lat.
A
learning system,
apersie. Analo-
aithceod
*ati-
ui, which
"
Stokes
is aillsich.
alphabet.
or
old
beginning
se," a by
a, Eng.
per
caibidecd
to
gised
(Meyer).
alee, proximity, Ir. alee ; see taic.
alee, a lobster's burrow, also faiche.
aicheadh, deny, Ir. aithcheo, contradicting, M. Ir.
coudon
;" cf. 0. Ir. afchuaid,
(1), go back
"A
W.
aibhseach, l)oasting
from
the foregoing
Another
form
J^-'^f
old
ruin
aibhist, an
(Stew.) :
the
Devil
form
of abharsair^ q
aibhistear,
; another
aibhse, spectre, so Ir. : see taibhse.
aibidil, alphabet, Ir. aibghitir, O. Ir. abbgitir,
tlie
a6A,
; root
Lat.
of aibhsich
abecedariu7u,
in
as
aibeis, sea.
abhent-ti-s
Ir.
dialectic
with
onk, enk,
root
; E.
from
abis,
ajfivys,bottomless
pit.
aibheis, boasting ; aibhsich, exaggerate
abgetorium,
(Lat.
Welsh.
of the
abensi-s,
Celtic
But
angh, choke,
"
gg.
tenable
in
aggestu-Sy
gero,
root
from
in view
thig, is not
ai, sheep, swan
(Carm.) :
aibheil, huge (M'E.). See adhhhal.
aibheis, sea, the deep ; Ir. aibheis,
as
the
it to
pre-Celtic aghnustuon
syllable after the root
gn
vowel
being supposed,
following
produce
to
; Lat.
carry
ges, gos,
Stokes
refers
the
on
Teutonic,
; root
aggdst-,
with
angustus)^
DICTIONARY
expos
q.v.
aidheam, joyous
aidich, confess,
ad-dam-
aifrionn,
aigeann,
admhuighira,
da^n
so
mass,
0.
Ir.
or
young
Ir. 6c-ech,
oceanus,
aigeannach,
meditative.
E.
Ir.,
oc
; for
entire
young
the
; Lat.
0.
Ir.
W.
addaimiin,
doino, Eng
Ir. oifrend,
addef:
tame.
W.
ojferen
Lat.
from
(Eng. offer).
Ir.
; root
offerendum
aig,
aigeach,
carol
root,
horse;
steed
see
agiis.
also
oigeach
^o^
cac/^,
i\.\.
(Eriu^ 11).
THE
OF
GAELIC
LANGUAGE.
Yet
aiglier; ^atl-gm^-;
aiereach, merry,
aerial, from
the
gairdeachas
see
aier,
for
root.
Lat.
air, from
aer^
(Hyde), merry,
airy.
the Lat.
from
Evidently the G. is borrowed
ai^ilean, ear-ring, tassel ; cf. Sc. aiglet,tagged point, jewel in
Fr.
one's cap ; eglie,needlework,
from
aiguille,needle ; Lat.
makes
doubtful.
matter
Ir.
aerach
acus.
Gr.
aicme,
cineal.
ail, will
knoiv.
Eng.
ytyi/wrrKw,
he
as
gives
Gaelic
The
against
is
Stokes
Ascoli
it.
makes
refers
the
root
any
dd-gn-eto-,
with
it to
root
root
gnd,
the
root
in
as
cen,
c.
aill,(j.v.
ail, aileadh, ailt, a mark,
; better
and
E.
Ir.
(O'R.), M.
impression, Ir. oil, mark
A t stem
: oiledaih,
aile,fence, boundary (Meyer).
*al-et.
fail, rock,
Ir. and
under
Ir.
0.
ail,^aWk-,
au-ra,
allied
Ger.
to
feh
see
further
mac-talla.
Gr,
a?//),
Eng.
ail, rock.
;
; Gr.
W.
Lat.
air.
; from
ail and
geafi, request,
hole of the ear
q.v.
; iiiao
ailleagan,
fail lean, q.v.
ear,
Ir.
from
dille,q.v.
ailleag'an,darling, so
;
M.
Ir. eillinn
aillean, elecampane : cf. Gr. eAevtov, Lat. inula.
alain
rustici
vocant
(Rev. Celt.-' 231). inula quam
(Isidor).
ailleant, shy, delicate ; M. Ir, ail (O'Cl.),shamefaced.
root
of the
ailleort, high-rocked
; from
aill, rock
see
aillse,diminutive
creature, fairy,Ir, ailUe
Ir. aillis,0. Ir. ailsin, cancerem
aillse, cancer,
aillseag",caterpillar; from above.
ailm, the letter A, elm ; Ir. ailm, palm
borrowed
from
Lat.
fdviu.% Norse
mac-talla.
;
:
(fir?) tree,
dlmr, Eng. elm.
letter
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIOXAKV
ailt
alius,
see
vowel
in
aimheal,
E.
the
grief,
Ir.
is
root
and
small",
hence
; Gr.
Tiiehul,dedecus
aith
in-
use
coufusioiL
The-
am-bert).
affects
repentance
reproach ; "^mehlo-,a
7ntla, sorrow,
ete.
aithmheal,
Ir.
its
aimhreidh,
"
See
amh-.
am-,
(H.S.D.).
the
of
am..
meala,
shorter
form
grief,.
of 0.
Ir.
/xe//^o/xat.
aimhand/^ozY, (^.v.
aimhfheoil, ainfheoil, proud flesh ; from
:
aimlisg', confusion, mischief
Ir.
M,
immrit^ l)arren, E. Ir. amrit
aimrid, barren, so Ir.,
; ambeirl
ber
of
root
ber-ent-,"non-producing;"
See
am-meas-ichte,
aimsichte, hold
(Arms.);
un-mannerly ?"
"
7)ieas.
aimsir, time,
Celtic
Ir. ; 0.
so
Eng.
onensus,
Celtic
aimsith, missing
of
ain,
eirmis,
of
time
ani,
root
{am7nenmeasure,
mens,
Stokes
the
give
ad-mensura.
mischance
am-??iiVith,
Gaelic
root
mis^
from
an,
(|.v.
Stokes
panno.
agni,
Skr.
due, fulgor,
; Got.
rather
suggests
(from pan)
fire
fan,
"^agno-s, allied
;;
Lat.
to
fire,
Ir.
0.
possibly
amzer,
and
Ascoli
heat
Pruss.
of
amb-meitsnra,
from
aim,
Br.
arnser,
compound
measure.
dd-messera,
as
W.
from
strd,
Lat.
Ir. amsei^,
; either
ammesserd
see
an-.
M.
Ir.
from
vet, Eng.
ventus,
root
See-
etc.
anfadJi.
curse,
anguish
aineamh,
unusual
Ir.
ainches,
Ir.
rage,
an+geas,
flaw,
Ir.,
so
an-bith,
E.
uu-world-like."
Ir. ances,
aingeis,
(|.v., or
E.
Ir.
"
Lat.
E.
dubium
AV.
mendce
aingeal, angel,
angelus,
so
E.
fire,hearth
ongli, ongol
Ir.
the
Manx
angel,
W.
below.
angel,
Br.
ael ;
Lat..
from
Eng.
ainle,
Ir.
"^pavgelos, Ger.
; Lit.
dinich
teas, heat,
aii-theas,from
also
]"r..
(ir.
Ir., 0.
whence
curse,.
0.
blemish,
anaf,
oVo/xat,blame.
adha.
of fish (N.H.) ; see
[aineartaich,M'A.) ; see
anaynon,
Ir.
aingcess, duces,
augustia ?
a7iim,
hiUi..
See
aingeal
funlce,M.
is
I. E.
Skr.
E.
funhe
M.
Ir.
; further
angdra, glowing
ognis, fire, Lat. ignis.
a)iglis,coal,
; allied
(Lh., O'B.),
coal
See
Fick^
ainneal,
aingealachd,
uuml)iiess
img-eal-acJi-,root
-.
ango) /
the
aino;ealtas, perversity, malignity ; from
Ir. aingidJie, malicions,
aingidh, wicked,
good,
ainid, vexing
anise
clioke
(Lat.
ang,
following,
Ir.
0.
aiulgid, angid^
root
'^'an-dg-id,
of
deg
deagh,
dnana,
the
month
(" breather'').
Ir. in
M.
English.
root
ainm,
*anmenallied
ono,
rash
Ir.
0.
hanu,
Br.
of
an-,
breath
an,
"
aims, gloss
on
anisnm
dnlce.'"'
Ir. and
ainmhide,
ainmhidh,
form
long
; root
name,
im"^ ;
Skr,
; from
cyminnm
enw,
aonach
also
(see anail)
ainm,
Also
(j.v.
ainich, panting,
ainis,
sin
andach,
wicked,
ne(|uam,
(Gaelic.
tire,
common
the
from
ingle
Se.
derives
Skeat
14.
LANGUAGE
tJAELIC
THE
OF
fool
to
Gr.
B.
pi. anmann,
oVo/"itt
; Brass,
Lat.
in
no
of
Ch.
emmens,
Eng.
iiomen,
a}iim,
Deer
^\'.
SI.
name.
oinid.
see
ir.
aininide^'^aiiem-itio-.s,
Ir.
also
is
ainmkinte,
"animans."
ainmig', rare
; an-minig, (\.\.
annamli.
ainneamh,
rare
; see
ainneart, force ; ain-, excess
(see an-), and
from
ainneadh, patience
ainnighte, tame,
ait-dam,
dam,
root
ainnir, virgin,
^atiderd
E.
Ir.
ander,
W.
air,
represents
{a)
This
npon.
air^O.
Celtic
This
it still does
=
Gaul.
three
(\g.
W.
Trapd,Trapai.,
by,
Gr.
prep,
so,
(J. Ir.
possibly
air
aspirates
Br.
annoer
in
Irish
ones
er, Br.
ar,
before
Irish,
and
Lat.
in
ffvae
W.
O.
and
0.
Br.
guor,
Br.
voar,
This
Eng. over.
did
in
ended
in
Gaelic
it
not
aspirate ;
r
originally
in
viroit
Gaul.)
inseparable prefix (vero-,
aspirated, as
modern
form
Fenr\iis
(c) air
==
of
old
; Lat.
s-uj/er
like
names
Fergus,
now
oa?;
prep,
as
in
Fearghui^
an
the
or
(gen. case).
( ).
Ir.
afterwards,
Further
vTrep
Eng.
idioms
Gaelic
chionn.
for, "snper,"
; Gr.
f:er-
from
want?
an^dlth,
ari, arei,
fo)-e,for.
(b) air
prep,
Ir. ar,
(do,),
dOdpioi.,virgins (Hes.),
av6i]pu";,blooming,
a)i+ytea/L
M.
heifer,
anner,
^vOap-.
ainnis, ainniseach, needy:
ainstil, fnry, over-tizzing :
on,
(Sh.)
tame,
Gr.
; cf.
neart.
come
iar
n-,
after
aparena,
Gr.
after, pre-Celtic
oTrt-,
behind,
Got.
eV
eperon
afar,
; Skr.
after, Eng.
oh-^ op-.
apardm,
af-iQv.
See
iar.
10
ETYMOLOGICAL
This
the
is
perfect
DICTIONARY
that
prep,
used
is
with
or
the
inf.
-Tha
"
mi
to
air
represent
hv.aladh
"
struck."
have
airbhinneach, honourable
Ir.,
aire, distress, so
air+Oeann
0.
Ir.
aircur,
; cf.
pressura
Lat.
parens,
ih.
apSis,
sparing.
Lat.
area.
^irc, the Ark, Ir. aire ; from
airchios, pity, clemency (Hend.) : see oireheas.
aircill,to watch, listen, Ir. aircill ; see faiy^eilL
aircleach, a cripple ; *aire-laeh, from aire, q.v.
aird, point (of the compass), Ir. dird, E. Ir. aird,
Sc.
Hence
point.
airt.
gave
seek
2^ar,
aireach, keeper
aireaeh
the
free
airidh.
draieh,
aireamh,
aireach
See
mmiber,
rtmd,
apiBixos,number.
airean, ploughman,
Arjaman,
S.
Ag.
Eng.
between
bo-aire, cow-lord,
For
vowel
0.
to
Ir.
confusion
see
with
root.
W.
dram,
Ir.
eirif, "^ad-rtm-,
Eng.
number,
oireamh,
g.
rhyme
oireamhan,
Celtic
Gr.
man,
plough-
'^arjamon-,
Airem(ou),
ar, plough.
oirjid.
see
was
aire,
Skr.
(?); root
Aryan
Ir.
Argento-, Argento-eoxus
apyvpos.
; the
long
rim,
who
experiment.
Gaelic
in
Eremou,
mythic
Ir.
herdsman
further
confusion
Ireland.
for
0.
Ir.,
so
number
the
ex-perior, Eng.
is
its
owes
watchers
(Anniiianus), pre-C^eltic
2^"^^jd,
ancient
airidh
native
Areauos,
aire{ch),lord
of
tenant
rear.
Brit.
There
Ir.
drd.
see
0.
G.
arde
Romans
cattle.
of
and
the
to
; Gr.
W.
arget,
ariant,
(a Caledonian
argent
is from
Br.
prince)
the
arcliant,
Lat.
Gaul.
argentum
Lat.
airidh, better
Gaelic) ;
draich,
seir
rear.
(Ork.
Gaelic
with
Norse
Sag.).
P^. Ir.
or
Danish
erg
This
Norse
form
airge
airge
from
Gaelic
proves
equals
the
Norse
identity
of
(O'B.), 0. Ir.
drya, Aryan,
airilleach,
sleepy
which
allied
is
0.
airlei^, a strait
airmis, hit ; see
ilirne,a sloe, so
Ir.,M.
airneach, murrain
airneis, airneis (M'L.
be
whence
from
*eisaruo-,
W.
from
for
form
eum
air
the
D.),
for
eis,track,
dels)
with
see
Ir. arteini
sed, of
; Lat.
suidhe,
of
W.
echel,
referred
to
the
same
after
ais
Gaelic
ais
be
may
unaccented
an
{di a eis,post
di
for
not
compounds
;
to
and
tar
"l)ack,"
is
as
ad-saiter, is delivered
reduplication
ad-sem-t,
from
absence
root
Eng.
*aksila,
ahel,
rock.
fois, bJios,ros
refers
From
possible,despite
aiseal, jollity(Sh., Arms.) ;
a,isean, rib, Ir., E. Ir. asna,
assula., splinter, asser,
the
possibly
motion.
or
sJdo, assidere
Br.
art
(Carm).
"after, post,^'hwt
(Stokes).
aiseag, a ferry, Ir. aiseog (Fol.):
borrowed
aiseal, axle ; it seems
the
Ir.
thairis, seem
(H.s-),
is used
of rest
q.v.
The
horse.
or
(pi.),0.
name
cf.
man
aiss, darciaiss,l^ackwards
Ir
Ascoli
which
verbs
accoutrements,
ais, rithisd
for
hardly
can
iarunn.
ati-sti-.
or
word
ar?iese,
armour
Brittonic
root
see
ais,
tinder-stick
furniture.
Komancc
Ir.,E.
so
irinenn,
Br.
arayi,
; Ir.
furniture
harness,
of
Ir., E.
so
'I'he forms
ati-staof
the
from
the
iron
backwards
ais.
arrha,
of
forest.
dim.
eiri7i,plums,
Skr.
Artemia,
[Arto-hriga),
arto-
ais, back,
erhs, which,
probably
is
ernes,
sloes, W.
aranka
ct
originally
pebble,
Gaul,
*arrhnla^
(Stokes)
cattle
Eng.
is
Lat.
ami,
from
word
airtein,
from.
airnis, tools,
Ir.
separated
armour,
Ir.
arjanioin
etc., M.
arles, older
See
firmis.
spinosa,"
"prenma
Sc.
whence
leiJuni.
Ger.
Celtic
sloe,
leihvan,
Got.
(O'C.) :
leig,let,
earlas.
See
origin.
same
; from
; from
comes
Eng. earnest,
pledge.
Jr. airel
M.
airliciud, lending
loan,
arles
French,
jaireal, bed,
Jr.
Eng.
to
leig.
airleas, pledge, earnest,
through
0.
11
LANGUAGE.
; from
person
airligwt,
Ir.
airleag",lend,
GAELIC
THE
OF
of the
makes
as
in
Norse
its
in
the
seiu
axle,
word
of
root
taovi
oxnll, but
native
origin
Irish.
aisteach.
see
AV.
beam
origin
eiseii,asen.
(Stokes).
as
Lat.
os,
Cor.
aseu
Formerly
ossis, bone,
cf.
Lat.
it
was
(ir. orrreov,
IZ
ETYMOLOGICAl.
but
the
this
etymology,
vowel
root
DICTIONARY
and
meaning-
(Argyle)
re(piest (Sh.), PI Ir.
aisearan,
aisg",a
weanling
imfavoiiraljle
tO'
ais 1
from
both
are
ascld
root
'^'ad-skv-,
in
as
seq.,
sc/enl,
ic
eyik
thig^
see
come.
account
not
aisteach,
diverting
ait, glad,
aite, a place, Ir.,
Ir., E.
Ir.
eadli,
in
in
appears
ait,
Ir.
Ir.
aisdeach, witty :
I adverbium
ait, euge
Ir.
0.
ait.
([.v.
Norse
place,
ovt,
referred
has
aidh-
; but
ait
joarfa?^^,
place
the
to
0.
in
Gaelic
root
Eng.
that
root
ord, point,
would
nd
give
(Iktl";,
ray
as
the
in
I"i'. attal,
tuarasdal.
actuo.Us
aiteam,
aiteamh,
people,
tribe
an
re-"
"
aitheamh,
E.
aithinne,
teine?
be
divided
;.
money
toddi,
W.
Ir.
the
melt
word
root
is
of
Lat.
tahes
tionadh
wliich
Gr.
(0.
is
Ir.
ten, Lat.
thin.
see
fathom,
atlt-.
0,
p(^f, extend,
fire-brand,
The
cf. Gr.
"ray,"
The
luelt ; Eng.
tJiaw.
Ti'jKU),
tinaid, evanescit), Manx
tenniie,
tener, Eng.
of
sense
it
(Arms.)
aith-td-m,
the
"
'''
thaw
a,
In
(piantulum,"
may
root
tel^ weight,
equivalent,
of
sense
ad-tel, 0.
see
Skr.
oddr,
this
od.
or
aith-,
optantis
pod-ti, "^panti?
irkhov, groiuid,
(Ir.
Stokes
Ger.
Celtic
Possibly
oppidimi,
aid-, I. E.
Teutonic
Ir. aisndis.
fellow,
E.
Lat.
p('"d,ped,
as
of 0.
root
W.
atem,
Lat.
Ir., 0.
and,
filum
pateo,
etc.
Ir.
aithinne
kindle,
as
^(p)etemd
:
in
Eng. fathom
*ai'f]i.-tc'a-io-?
0.
Ir. andud,
Root
of
accendere,
lighting
aJanddd,
in that
form
GAEl.lC
THE
OF
case,
*alt/i-and-i""'
})ossiblc,
(Glcn-nioriston).
also
up,
amhailte
is
gnd,
know
to
gno,
])eiiigthu
Ir., 0.
reproach, aftVont, so
aithis, a
13
LAX(iUA(JE.
Lat.
adwaen
for
ati-fin-io-
; Gr.
cognosco
(Jot.
yiyvonrKO);
know.
Eng.
aithne, command,
Ir.,O.Ir.aithne, depositnm,
delego, assign
; W.
judging
from
or
an,
with
ao-rec
tlie
ance,
verbal
See
Ir., 0.
the
forms,
forms.
so
Ir.
root
aithrech,
fragen, ask,
(jev.
etc.
these
an
scarcely
further,
G'orn.
Ascoli
he
to
seems
though
tioiimadJi
iiinndiilm,
cdirvL\
(do.), '^ati-(^p)reko-,
'^ati-[p)reJdd
;
azrec
Ij'dt. 2)recor,
the
noun
aithreach, repentant,
Br.
adiie, custody
command
makes
rej)entprek,
root,
the
root
reg,
(see rack).
aithris, tell, so Ir., *ati-rii(,E. Ir. r/.s,a story, rt-ti,rat,
Cf. O.
Ger.
rathjo, speak, Lat. ratio.
rede, speech. Got.
come
airissim,
aitidh, damp :
aitionn, juniper,
0.
Ir.
Eng.
words
nearest
aiteayin,
ethin
Br.
acidus,
Lat.
Ir.
iss.
from
eythinen,
ret,
0.
Ir.,aitenii, W.
(gl.rusco), "^akto-,I.
acid, edge,
Lit.
are
aiteal.
Gr.
bush
E.
extreme,
aKpos,
dkstinas, sting,
"
Ch.
81.
ostiuu.
'^^riie
Also
root
*at-tenn-,
or
sharp
;
at, sharp,
For
Cf.
atto-.
aith, sharp, "^atti-,
caor^uui.
-tenn, see
Ir. teine, furze.
wards,
aitreabh, a building, Ir. aitreihh, E. Ir. aittreh, W. adref, homeAtrehates
the
Celtic
treb
root
Gaul,
ponding
corres; "^ad-treb-,
E.
tree"
from
Ir.
to
al, brood,
Ir
,
Lat.
dl,
W.
ael,
al
^{p)aglo- ;
cf.
Lat.
'/n-opago,
Eng.
Ger.
alaire, brood
mare.
adel, nobilitv.
of
oars
alach, a brood,
(M'E.) :
nails
from
*al-loch, dl-,
alach,
{p)agl-, Lat. pcVus, stake : root
Gr.
Lat. paitgo,
irt'jyvvfii,
fix, Eng.
pdg, fasten, whence
pag,
propagate.
Hence
set, bank
page.
dlaind
"^ad-lainji
see
loinu.
thall.
all-, over
; see
allaban, wandering :
allail,noble, M. Ir. all, aill,"^al-no-s,root al, as in Lat. altns.
alladh, fame
(either good or bad), Ir. alladh, excellency, fame,
E.
Ir. allud
see
above.
14
ETYMOLOGICAL
the
over,
allmharach,
from
W.
Ir.
possibly
from
fierce;"
See
cdl-,
cf.
next,
foreigner,
all-^ beyond, and
"
(K. Meyer),
side ; see
ahhsadh.
allsadh, a jerk, suspending, leaning to one
allsmuain, a float, great buoy :
(M'A.) ; see ahhsporag.
allsporag, cow's throttle
Ir.
allt, a stream,
alt, height, (topographically) glen-side or
wMwV,
sea,
0. W.
alt, shore, cliff",
Ir.
0.
all
transmarine
"
allied
Lat.
altiis.
pos8il)lyof Pictish
all-tapadh, mishap,
ill-luck
to
W.
allmharach,
From
allmarach.
Ir.
a//, other.
fierce
foreigner, foreign,
transmarine
allaid
foreign, barbarous,
"
meanings,
E.
Jr.
allta^ 0.
being
of like
allaidd
Ir.
DICTIONARY
Cor.
allt,clift'.
The
Gaelic
ah,
form
Br.
and
cliff,
aot, shore
meaning
are
origin.
(Wh.)
mischance
from
all-
and
tapadli.
the English.
aim, alum
; from
almsadh, charity (Hend.), M. Ir. almsain.
alp, also ealp (Wh.), ingraft, join closely together: alp in tinkers'
Ir. a job of work, hill ; ealp
Sc. imper, graft.
alt, joint, Ir., E. Ir. alt, ^(p)alto-s; root pel, whence
Eng. fold,
=
Norse,
TrAartos.
altach,
Ger.
faldr,
groove
in order
that
atlnchu?'
bude,
give
Lat.
fostering,
am,
Ir. am,
pi. amanna,
at. Got.
a]:"n,year
time,
root
labialised,
being
l)efore
"
"
small
it
Ir.
attliigud, rendering
"^ad-tlukor, root, tluq ;
for
loquor
Ir.
E.
tloquor.
altor, Br.
in
Got.
Ir. am,
possibly
also
vowels
AV.
altram,
alo.
; from
aider
alltraiv, sponsor
alan,
"^ammen-,
Lat.
form
aspirated into
subsequent
the
grow,
from
Eng.
old.
^at-s-mien-,
(ai-s-no-).
annus
labialised
is the
is
0.
allor. Cor.
Lat.
this
priA^ativeprefix ;
am-,
0.
Ir. altrom,
root
for
place."
altrum,
-TrAao-fo?,doubled,
(Wh.).
thanks
Lit.
altair,
Gr.
grace
thanks,
falz,
air alt"
"
aim-,
syllable are
aimh-.
amach,
vulture,
amadan,
fool, Ir.
//lent
mind,
amaddn
etc.
amail,
amail,
liindrance
amal,
swingle-tree;
shaft,"
E,
chaimel,
shorter
The
Ir.
; E.
:
root
ad,millim,
*ad-mol
mill
'"''amh-or- ; Gaul,
destroy
But
Norse
mens,
in
meanmna.
ad+mill,
hamla,
q.v.
hinder,
mol, a beam,
especially
Norse
hamla, oar-loop,
; E.
ambes,
Ir.
rivos,
ammor,
root
menti-s, Eng.
Cf.
lead
Lat.
is found
men
Celtic
non-minded,"
etc.),mind;
ad-\-moll, q.v.
Ir. 7nol.
"
am+ment-,
mischief
amar,
Ir.
so
ammbur,
rivers, Amhris,
river
mill
"a
trough,
name
OF
imher
Lat.
considers
Ir. borrowed
the
; but
eiiner
objection.
amarlaich, blustering (M'A.)
amarlaid, blustering female
;
Hend.
need
amart,
(Hond.).
of wood
amhailte, large ember
0
hitting,
amas,
amasguidh,
see
amh,
Ir. ammiis,
aimsgith,
measg.
Ir.
w/xo"j ; Got.
amhach,
neck
amsa
:
amphora
same-
now
(Glen-moriston).
aim
"^ad-mes-
*ad-mesc-id-, "mixed;"
impure:
W.
of
eirmis.
see
; root
whence
dm,
om,
Gr.
Lat.
; Skr.
(^om-es-os)
;.
shoulder
humerus,
amsas.
amhain, entanglement
by the neck (M'A ) ; from above.
a
mhain, only, Ir. amhdin, E. Ir. amain
; cf. 0. Ir. nammd
sit
but
ut
non
1) na-?i-wirt,
major" (^'?).The
namyn,
(W.
"
main
7nd
is
root
or
explanation
{a[p\o)+ main,
"
not
; Gr.
negative,
Ger.
Roots
marc,
amhartan,
merhen,
luck,
Lith.
perhaps
marg.
Ir. amhantur,
the
exact
than"
more
"
but
(?). amhdin
ixdvo"i,
spiirlich,[jlovo^ (St. Z.).
no
easy;
*mani
the
with
more,
mo,
is
his
amarlaich.
not
om,
amf^a
to the
is liable
Ger.
amsas.
*om-dk-d
(3yxo9
; Got.
Gr.
Ir.
amphora,
distinctly against
an
; Skr.
Zimmer
water.
S. amber,
is
Lat.
profane,
E.
amJi,
raw,
ambu,
Ag.
meaning
from
borrowing
; Skr.
from
Gaelic
the
theory.
rain
o/x/?/)o",
Gr.
15-
LANGUAGE.
GAEIJC
THE
amharc
merkti,
cdjJiantnr
Fr.
; from
a-{apo) +
blink
wink,
a-
(St.).
Eng.
aventure,
adventure
amharus,
suspicion,
the
latter
from
'*sistd,standing,
look
amhas,
like
The
madman
wild
; E.
Conchobar's
amsaig,
appear
probably
Borrowed
from
^ambaxus
; Ciesar
ambactos
and
ag,
Gaul.
go,
at
"^ess is
; cf. Lat.
would
once,
as
in
(see aghaidh).
soldier,
roots
Hence
the
E.
Norse
servus,
Gaulish
The
wild
Ir.
amhusgan,
our
of the
ambactus
the
amhas,
mercenary
mercenaries,
of
says
habent."
clientesque
lead
reminiscence
Lat.
formed
; Ir.
man
misunderstood
there
air-ess,and
iress,
^am-are-sistd.
amsach,
or
it
were
beast
Ir. amos,
Deirdre,
is
word,
man,
Ir. iress
0.
std,,stand, reduplicated
root
whole
'^am-{2y)are-sistd,or
amhusg",
cwiairess, infidelitas,am
"faith;"
meaning
sisto, etc.
Ir.
Ir., 0.
so
"
many
saga
of
monsters
bear-sarks."
Festus),through
princes
are
man,
servant.
"
Circuni
ambi-
words,
se
(see mu)
as
Eng.
IG
DICTIOXAIIV
ETYMOLOGICAL
Ger.
amUcssador,
lias amhcM
amhg'har,
in
amlahar,
-\-gar
gdu\
(St.).
See
(Hend.).
cf.
laugliter,
hujlr,
for
root.
mute
or
from
amhluadJi.
(Arg.)
l)ehaver
and
(not)
am-
ir.
omJd6ii\,
labliair, speak,
brayi.
see
ir.
O.
suilJjhi'i'.
Cf.
(|.v.
(not)
am-
See
sillytalker
fool, boor,
Ir.
]r, .).,l-IJ.,l.'j(),
etc.
do-gar, *xapa
distress, dismay
0.
r/dire.,risus.
from
Ir. so-gai\
amhladh,
amhlair,
position,
(t. force.
affliction,Ir. amhgar
tristitia,
E.
ofticial
amt,
Ir.
amhsan
(Lee. 69).
(ansan), Dial,
amhuil,
like,
as,
mal,
Br.
samJiail,
q.v.
Manx,
eidogy, especially in
amhra,
arram
verse
amJn
n,
famous
W.
Ir.
solan
osan,
evel ; from
Ir.
0.
amJduidh,
amraidh,
in
as
nni,
amraidh
E.
place
a', the,
Ir.
appears
before
is
of
part
the
has
whether
do-
(as
between
S.
Sen-to-
the
to
in
best
o-Se
and
se,
the,
seo,
to)
before
not,
what
to
revert
I'oot
-dem,
neuter
root
and
it is
it
roots,
a
The
-do-
Briigmann
to
that
stuck
of
to-
the
to
principle otherwise,
historical
not, produce the
older
the
etymology, and
on
au}^
appearing
da,
is
suggested
was
it
(f.),
san,
se
she.
no^\'
t-
sendd
in
the
Latin
SI.
(iaelic
(m.),
pronominal
Celtic
the
do-
or
Ch.
(rnnarium,
and
t-atJiair),
the
by
into
could
to
an"1
(neut.)
n-
sendo-s
two
tha-t, Gr.
pronominal
o-8e, this),
Gr.
pre]).
arnhry
Lat.
{an
masc.
by Thurneysen
(Eng.
(enclitic)-dam,
cases
-8e
to-
is
the
/)
from
Celtic
from
ace.
Ag.
aumiic
feuL), a
composed
judging
sen,
of accentuation
It
oven.
from
(Ol'".),\V. ahuari;
Sc.
and
nom.
referred
sen.
forms.
refer
amri
of
degenerated
fi.xed form
Eng.
amiacli,
almarie,
the
stem
or
been
root
adh-nu'la.
arma.
(mas.
in
sen-do-
to
Er.
in
is
nom.
have
may
Ir.
vowels
into
pron.
arms,
from
O.
so-), allied
sendo-s
0.
Sendo-s
neuter
beside
from
article
tlie
dividing
fixed
or
an,
(n.).
s,an
Ir.
in
appears
Cf.
amn/,
(j.v.
almaru,
of tools
an,
from
all l)orrowed
M.
amhuilt)
W.
O.
which
savudi-,
ani"er
avial,
a.mail,
Celtic
Lat.
; from
goose
he.
seii-do-s
The
is this
Gr,
difference,
:
the
(ir
fixed
Se,
then,
inflects
OF
the
first
Gaehc
an,
do-
; otherwise
for
almost
Ir.
in,
Gr.
the
roots
Eng. in,
even
as
an,
It
an
amh-
to
and
sen
inflecting
and
ultimately,
same
the
used
-i/n, Br.
; Lat.
en
in
form
longer
the
in
it appears
Ir. in ; Lat.
0.
Ir.,
0.
in-, Gr.
a7i
in- ;
an-,
a-,
Got.
an.
Cor.,
W.,
dv-, Eng.
Br.
Skr.
un-,
"
consequent
"
small
an-
a-,
liquids (save n)
and
labials
with
W.
^, i n-,
ann.
an,
before
appears
aspirated
see
Lat.
n-,
Ir.
Generally
etc.
interrogative particle,Ir.
negative prefix, Ir. an-,
an-,
etc.
the
whereas
fixed,
purposes.
ann
I. E.
Se
the
keeps
the
are
an,
Celtic
and
by fixing
0.
(eclipsing),
n-
or
ann,
matter
17
LANGUAGE.
so)
the
similar
ev
(6
element
reverses
GAELIC
THE
an-,
am-,
as
vowels,
it
becomes
Before
ion-, as in
ain-, aim-, aimh-.
g, it becomes
Before
and
the
the
becomes
t and
c
iongantas.
aneuc, t, s,
become
medials
See
also
in
next
(as
beicd, hreug, feusag).
word.
ana-,
sometimes
prefix, 0. Ir. an-,
but
ana-creidimh, disbelief, 0. Ir. ancretem,
negative
M.
Ir.
ainfhir.
for
ana-
the
Gr.
are
This
second,
dvev,
avt?,
suggests
extensions
without
Celtic
of
; Ger.
for
anas-
the
an-
inu,
first,and
the
previous
ohne, Got.
G.
aspirating ;
ainfhior, untrue
cognate
without.
ana-,
an-,
Ascoli
This
refers
the
to
origin
same
Ir.,
adnacul
as
Ir.
an-shocair.
adhla.c.
see
Jl.
156.
See
acarach.
anadas,
regret (M'D.)
anagna,
irregularity,unusualness
anail, breath,
alan,
Skr.
anainn,
Celtic
Br.
0.
so
Celtic
Ir.
See
(Hend.), ana+gndth.
anal,
; root
wind.
top of
Ir., 0.
eaves,
ene,
and
anatld
anila,
soul,
anam,
Ir.
breathe.
an,
w^all
Ir. anim
animon-
linen, Ir.,
pan
Got.
E.
Lat. pannus,
fana,
Ir.
(d. anmin).
(Stokes);
anairt,
cloth
cloth, Ag.
S.
anan,
Cor.
enef,
to
breathe,
dvcfxos,wind.
anamaint, lust, perversity (Hend.), ana
anart,
Got.
also.
anam
house
anal, Br.
Cor.
anadl, anal.
W.
0.
; Gr.
fana,
Ir.
Lat.
Br.
anima
eneff,
;
Gr.
mein.
annart
Trrjvos,
small
animus,
M.
"^an-artothread
flag,Eng.
on
; root
the
vane,
pan,
bobbin
fane.
18
ETYMOLOGICAL
anart, pride :
anasta, stormy
DICTIONAKY
an-fadh-asta
anfadh,
see
storm.
"
faint."
excessive
anlamh,
annlamh,
an^fanriy
fann.
misfortune
(not)+
an-
lamh
ullamh
see
for
lamh.
"^anda
ann,
used.
are
The
; the
relative
ann
tannaid, annoid,
Stokes
church.
"
Clach
Annet,
from
Ir.
M.
the
the
article
to
In
L.
Lat.
Scottish
h-Annaid,
na
Ir.
annoit, 0.
it to
refers
church."
ancient
before
article
;
and
anns
an,
san.
church,
used
is
anns
properly belongs
-s
the, is for
in
form
antitas, for
mother-
antiquitas,
place-names
Cf.
etc.
andooit,
it appears
as
church
(O'Dav.),
annone,
Hebrew.
annaladh,
Ir.
calendar,
era,
M.
Ir.
annamh,
rare,
root
tame";
dam,
analach,
Ir.
E.
annam,
home,
chronicle
etc.;
; from
andam
Eng.
Lat.
annalia.
*an-dam-,
domestic,
"
non-
Hence
tame.
rarity.
annas,
annrath,
E.
dearer,
annsa,
ao-,
privative
See
anrath;
to
appears
better
liked,
prefix ; for
be
so
eu-,
q.v.
an-^-rath
of
',
see
rath,
luck.
The
different
Ir., M.
Ir.
that
is, for
Ir.
adbar,
origin.
and,sa, preferable :
an-
(not),before
and
t.
an-.
aobhach,
aobhar,
Ir.
distress,
Ir. andrd
rath, luck,
root
joyous
cause,
bher,
whence
Ir.
see
aoibhinn.
adhbhar,
Lat.
0.
'^ad-bero-n
; root
b"r, I.E.
etc.
OF
19
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
od-
Stokes
Gr.
Ir.
aodach, clothes,
in
anart
Lat.
Of.
q.v.
etc.
pannus,
face,
Ir. eadan,
; Gr.
ante
avrt,
aodraman,
bladder,
aog^, death
aogasg,
aogas,
habitus,
Lit.
0.
see
cfs.
Ir.
0.
against
Celtic
etan,
Ch.
ent,
root
int,
as
pan,
SI. ^?g^^,
wind,
Gr.
weave,
see
(Stokes);
antano-
; Skr.
and
Eng.
Ir. eadtromdn
M.
face,
appearance,
expression, *in-co$c
ovi-, sheep,
civil
^ant-ac-os
Lat..
dnti, opposite.
aotrom.
eug.
dyopd, meeting
aoibh,
etach,
Strachan
in-cho-sig,
significat.
aoghaire, shepherd, so Ir.,M.
for
Ir.
for^90cZ,foot,
weave.
aTro[JLaL,
aodann,
eudach,
be
to
look,
see
Ir.
see
(O'CL),
ecosg
casg,
aegaire,
The
oisg.
Ir.
-gar-
Ir
Cf.
check.
0. Ir.
0.
ecosc,.
0.
Ir.
augaire, "^ovi-gar;
is allied
to
Gr.
dyetpo),
place, market.
cheerful
face,
Ir.
E.
Ir.
*aibd
diph, beauty, appearance,
(Thurneysen),
Fr.
Ascoli
refers
it to
aib, good manners.
mien, look,
live
of eibheall
the
root
a
coal, the underlying idea
(q.v.),
deb,
0.
Ir.
Prov.
This
would
to
as
"shining, sheen."
agree
force with
taitinn, please, taitneach, pleasant.
aoibhinn, pleasant, joyful,so Ir.,E. Ir. dibind, dibind.
being
word
for
the
See
original
above
root.
tdir, q.v.
aoir, sheet
or
bolt-rope of
sail
20
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
further
Arjaman,
aoirneagan.
aois, age,
Eng.
Lat.
*ait-tu,
0.
Ascoli
probably
is
and
may
aolais,
aolmann,
See
ates,
oireamhariy
g.
Skr.
*arjamon-,
plough.
ar,
(Th.
Lat.
From
Eng. aye.
276).
Arch.
St.
^aivestu-
oes,
from
Mackay.
0.
Ir.
0.
W.
ailedu, stercora,
Ir.
Got.
with
allied
be
W.
always
aiet,
*aidlo-,
compares
cognate
not
indolence
del
Ir.
aoileach,
Ir.
eluvies.
Gr.
titor, Si-atra
aol,
aol, lime,
aW(i),gleam, (St.).
dung,
root
age
oiior,
Ir.
aolach,
(?);
Ir.
0.
aois,
cetas,
cevum,
AiremfonJ,
Eremon,
Aryan
oireamh^
aonagail.
See
Ir.
Ir.
herdsman,
add-ail,
but
ail, probrum,
this
word
aolach.
to
ointment
founded
Eng. ointment.
the
on
Cf.
iarmailt,
armailt.
incline.
aom,
aon,
one,
; Got.
panting
aonadh,
aonagail,
uan
ascent
Some
bodily
or
Ir.
W.
apron,
gunwale
Lat.
aparsaig,
0.
n-,
arisen
of
Stokes
See
aperio,
Gaelic
the
0.
Ir.
idea
being
agonium,
Lat.
phonetics.
(H.S.D.)
see
uainneart
refers
further
it
at
Eng.
and
unaccented
ar),
to
bhur.
Ger.
Celtic
from
*an
etromm;
Lat.
adoratio,
trom,
"non-
ape.
from
Eng.
open,
and
Eng.
adrad
Ir.
Eng.
apert,
Ir.
from
patch (N.H.)
; from
so
our,
from
Sc.
knapsack
have
{us
ab
; from
expert
ar
the
one,
compared
Ir.
0.
adhradh,
Ir. ap,
from
ar,
aon,
the
constitution
mental
aparr,
suit
fair, assembly,
iimais.
see
aotrom,
aparan,
unus
foam.
want
ape,
Lat.
worship,
Eng. adoration.
ap,
un
dinich.
see
aonach,
have
scarcely
Br.
one.
Ir.
aonais,
aorabh,
aoradh,
Eng.
place,
Cor.,
W.,
fair, "^oin-acos,from
it would
fair, but
den
din,
re-union."
uniting,
aonach,
ams,
market
denach,
oinach,
inclining, attracting
Ir.
0.
aon,
( oinos)
aonach, moor,
"
aomadh,
Ir.
Ir.
from
0.
Fr.
the
Eng.
aparte,
aperient, expert,
military skill,
etc.
haversack.
0.
Ir.
'^(s)aron;
this
form
may
OF
ar,
seems
GAELIC
Ir.
0.
la,
Ir.
Ir., M.
; where
da
inda, ata,
21
LANGUAGE.
learn, methinks,
ar
with
THE
E.
dar,
ta,
Ir.
indar, atar^
tar
tha
verb
is the
Tha
leam-sa
rel. in before
it.
or
(thathar), is,with
prep,
(Mrs Grant). See na, than.
ploughed land ; Lat. aro ; Lit. ariic ;
ar,
ar, plough, E. Ir. ar, W.
Got.
arjan, Eng. ear, plough.
0. Ir. dr, W.
*agro- ; root ag,
ar, battle, slaughter, Ir. and
aer,
drive ; Gr.
dgh.
; see
ay pa, chase
Ir.
0.
Ir.
*nfron- ;
dra(nn),
dru, g. dran, W.
ara, kidney,
aren,
Lat.
nefrones
ad-ren,
arabhaig",
the
; Gr.
the
being
ren
strife ; cf. 0.
Ir.
same
Stokes
nieren.
v"(f)p6s
; Ger.
Lat.
as
refers
dra
to
ren.
bdgr,
strife.
root
in cuihhreach.
Ir. drad
aradh, a
:
Ir.
araiceil, valiant, important,
drach, strength, drachdach,
r
oot
puissant, '^ad-reg-,
reg, rule, direct.
Ir. dirighe, M.
Ir. diridhe, '^ad-rei- ; cf. W.
^raidh, certain, some,
Got.
to
rhai, rhyiv, some,
certain, which
Rhys
compares
seed.
fraiv,
ar-amach,
aran,
rebellion
'^eirigh-amach, out-rising."
Ir.,ardn; root
ar, join, Gr.
apapio-KO),
; for
bread, Ir., M.
See
arbhar,
"
apros.
next.
field.
arvum,
(Pliny), Gr.
arbhartaich,
arc, fungus
Ir.
Ir., E.
so
corn,
Also
Gaul,
Skr.
dispossess ; "^ar-herton
Ir. arcan,
(Lh.)
frumenti
for
ar
ex-ro
cork,
cork, stopple,
Gallicum"
genus
plant,
arcan,
; Lat.
frumentum
arbe,
arakas,
Ir.
"
arinca,
vetch,
apaKos,
; 0.
arhar
Lat.
drdar,
here
air,
6p96"i.
; Gr.
arduus
is
upon.
piece
See
air
dorus.
arfuntaich, disinherit
argarrach, a claimant
argumaid, argument,
*ar-fonn-.
"^
Ir.
air -^ gar
arhhartaich.
See
;
goir.
Ir. argumint
see
argumeint,
0.
; from
Lat.
argumentuTn.
arias, chimney,
arm,
weapon,
Eng.
of
arms.
E.
Ir.
Ir.,
forles, roof
0.
Stokes
Ir.
arm,
says
W.
light
; air
arf;
unlikely
from
from
leus, q.v.
Lat.
Lat.
arma,
whence
22
ETYMOLOGICAL
armadh,
wool
working
DICTIONARY
in
oil,
the
oil
for
Cf.
wool.
working
aolmann.
armunn,
Ir.
hero,
of Norse
oblique case
aroch, hamlet, dwelling
a
allied
Ir.
(g. drmanns),
drmad'r
also
arrachogaidh,
M.
to
Ir. aros,
W.
aros
araws,
the
deer
first
(Sh.)
"^ad-rostu-
rostu-.
arrach, contour,
the
steward.
harmost,
an
Lat.
; from
arpag,
from
armand,
Ir. drus,
dwelling,
Eng. rest is
aros,
officer, E.
an
armann,
direct.
reg,
riochd
for
root.
spectre.
hound
that
wind
gets
of,
or
comes
to
up
careless
arraghaideach,
(Sh.) :
*?
the
arraideach, erratic : from
Eng. 1 earraid, hermit
arraidh, farraidh, suspicion (M'D.).
arraing, a stitch, convulsions, so Ir. ; *ar-vreng- '? Eng. ivrench, etc.
arral, foolish pride :
bold
arronta,
awkwardness,
arrusg",
ars,
the
to
pronoun
M.G.,
ar
the
Stokes
adducing
E.
the
-dai
olddte.
The
like
Lat.
later
still
^rsaidh, old,
not
all
"
that
Stokes
is
reached.
artlaich,
^ruinn, a
stone
baffle
forest
His
stdt, Skr.
;
from
;
;
Ir.
ol
ver,
with
analogy
"
he),
then
"
had
for
purdstdt,
later
"
the
forms
or
see
stand.
; sta,
; but
the
fairtlich.
^ag-ro-ni-,root
ag,
Gr.
ay pa,
the
indds,
for,
or
It
same
*{p)arostdt, from
major
verdli
and
further."
erst.
Eng.
sea-gull,larus
bar
(see thall),
the
of
forms
preposition,
further"
word
is
other
"^ar-sta-
the
stem
is
for
ov
author
Eng. swear,
verdh, Eng. ivord,
airtein.
see
that
Ir. arsid
observed
arsenic
root
prepositions, denoting
0.
and
E.
wise
say,
sver,
al, propter,
ille"
("tum
large species
a
is
drsaidh,
before,
arsnaig",
ar
Ir.
third
Of.
si."
ar
se,
original
turn
the
to
ar
The
root
really belongs
"
the
an).
ars
Gaelic
she,
said
"
Thurneysen
objects
ta
on
being the verb
root.
glic"
now
it
of the
said
he,
to
refers
Ir,
The
ughdar
art.
(M'A.)
arusg
ar.
inquit, point
answer.
arspag,
or
full
Ir.
said
s^,
tres
san
for,
E.
se
"
{san being
and
indecency,
Ir. ar,
quoth,
arsa,
artan,
farranta.
see
the
chase.
was
clusion
con-
/wros,
OF
as,
; Lat.
ex-
Ir.
of, from,
a, out
ex
THE
Gr.
as,
0.
ef
etc.
23
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
Ir.
ass,
As-
a,
W.
is
also
a,
Br.
oc,
used
as
privative
particle.
asaid, delivery ; see aisead.
asair, also fasair, the herb
bacca
"asara
;"
borrowed
Gaul.
ag,
a,
Latin
from
name.
asair, harness,
etc., 0.
root
asal,
are
vra^,
greaves,
(Hes.),Lat.
sandal
baxea
TryjywixL(Stokes).
so
Ir., M.
borrowed
from
ass,
assain,
asaire, shoemaker,
; Gr.
soccus
fit,Gr.
pdg.
an
Ir.
shoemaker,
Ir. assa,
Ir.
W.
assal,
Lat.
Cor.
asyn,
and
W.
assellus,the
Corn,
Ir.
and
G.
asen,
Lat.
from
asinus.
asbhuain, stubble
ascaoin, unkind,
privative, and
*as-b%iain, "out-reaping,"
side
wrong
caoin,
of
q.
v.
ascaoin);
is
(caoin
cloth
q.v.
Ir. escart, W.
earth,
asgartac/i, M.
sker, separate ;
*ex-skarto-, '^skarto-,dividing, root
ascart,
Ir.
tow,
sham
dung ; Eng.
asgaidh, present, boon,
root,
asg'an,
Ir.
E.
asp,
asran,
an
asp,
a
ctkmp,
Ir.
(Meyer)
ascid
; for
Ir.,
Br.
forlorn
W.
of the
The
bosom.
asgre,
s.
aisteach.
(Arm.).
Lat.
scando, etc.
; *ad-sqend6- ;
aslach, persuasio, adslig,persuades
creature,
merry
q.v.
W.
askle,
metathesis
dwarf
0.
ascad,
see
(q.v.)by
achlais
grig,
skarz,
Gr.
taisg.
see
as
Br.
; etc.
as-,
from
asp,
the
object, Ir.
E.
See
Ir.
asluindim,
request
stranger
; for
*ad-
Eng.
asrdnnach,
astrannach,
from
astarl
root
sai
of
saothair, toil,
Stokes
q.v.
^ad-tek-
would
of
gives
be
Deer
in
Celtic
Gaelic
attdc, E.
Eng. thig.
as
asair
extend,
pat,
azdo-
(?).
(Got.
as
in
asts, twig,
ad.
Ir.
atach,
0.
Ir.
ateoch,
24
ETYMOLOGICAL
atach,
cast-off
clothes
ataig", atuinn,
atamach,
again
az-
ate
(M'A.)
ati,
athach,
modest.
at, but,
(atavus)
at-
Stokes
over.
"over"
respectively
meaning
Hence
Ir.
Lat.
; Skr.
otu
back.
0.
Ir.,
so
re-,
ath-aodach.
ath-.
ath-,
Gaul,
Slav,
stake
caressing
see
; from
ath-, aith,
(Uist, etc.)
palisade,
fondling,
ath, next,
ath, flinch
DICTIONARY
Lit.
divides
and
W.
at-,.
Celtic
ati-
but
"re-;"
Br.
ad-,
into
two,
this
seems.
unnecessary.
ath,
Ir.
kiln,
aith,
Bezzenberger
fathach,
atmosphere
athailt,
embers,
a
scar
athair, father,
pitdr-
ath-ail
athair-neimh,
serpent,
athair-thalmhainn,
"
borrowing
athar,
evil
athar,
See
padhal,
atharla,
atharnach,
athir
Br.
Eng.
vapour,
aithinne.
pater
Trar^p
Gr.
nathair-neimh,
for
Ir. and
M.
Ir.
earr-thalmhainn,
delay,
Skr.
q.v.
athair
talman
which
suggests.
q.v.
So.
Eng.
^at-ro-n
(M'A., Whyte),
aur
aier,
aer,
See
air.
from
ath,
athailt.
Ir.
0.
St.
for
W.
aer,
awyr
from
"^aver-
Of.
E.
Ir.
adhal.
possibly
"
ath-ar-laogh,
ex-calf."
Of.
calf,
second
crop,
ground
cropped
% "^ath-ar-nach,
(N. H.)
atharrach,
alteration, Ir. atharrach,
*ati-ar-reg-, root
afresh,
arre,
it into
ati-ex-rego,that
"
related,
yarroiv.
ath-ebrn-ach
atharrais,
iVvos:.
Gr.
auhns,
ar/xos,
See
Lat.
milfoil,
consequence
Ir.
azr
aer,
Eng.
staidhir,
aithirni,
C?).
Ir.
comharradh.
heifer
Gr.
pre-Celtic
etc.
mark.
Also
w^hence
aer,
to
extend
pat,
ail,
ath-\-fois
sky, air,
Lat.
!"
from
effect,
"re-."
athach
see
yarrow,
pater-telluris
athais, leisure;
ride
j6ti,
father.
Eng.
0.
root
*ath-teine
;
;
Ir.,
so
Lit.
fire, as
dtar,
athach
Ir.
Got.
oven,
Zend,
breath
atem,
Ir.
so
0.
Ir.,
Ger.
go
this
refers
Eng.
to
the
f athach,
breeze,
athainne,
parallel
Ir.
to
yd,
Stokes
odyn.
suggests
giant,
Skr.
W.
apati-, apatino;
athach,
dih, "^jdtu-;
Ir.
Beul-ath
(Stokes).
ath,
0.
ford, Ir.,
mocking,
re-say,"
Ir.
Ir.
of
ar,
for
plough,
aitherrech,
eirich.
ploughing
Stokes
Br.
adarre,
analyses.
is, ath-eirich.
imitating
aithris,
ready
root
0.
reg
and
(M'K.)
tell, imitation.
aithris.
OF
ba ! part of
25
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
Cf.
lullaby ; onomatopoetic.
Eng.
Ger.
hahy,
huhe,
etc.
babhun,
(Hend.).
enclosure
bulwark,
M.
hawn^
(Annals
Ir. hodhun
dun., q.v.
bac, hindrance, Ir. hac,
bac, a crook, Ir. bac, 0.
*bag-ko-,
Norse
hacc, W.
Ir.
hachog,
bacag, a fall,tripping ; from
bac-m6ine, turf-pit or bank
hank.
Eng.
Hence
also
E.
oven,
Ir. bacdn.
; from
crutch
bachlag,
bachoid,
bad,
"Molucca
acorn,
allied
L.
; from
Bachull
to
Lat.
shoot,
the
boss
the
bac.
hachul,
0.
staff ; Gr.
bacidum,
Ir.
bachall,
W.
f^aKrripia,Eng.
(M'D.).
fellow
; borrowed
bachar
from
or
/SaKKapcs,nard.
bachall
(Thurneysen).
curl, Ir. bachldg ; from
bosses
shields
of
of a shield, Ir. hocoide,
; from
buccatus,
cluster, thicket
Pictish
haquet.
; all from
Bacchus.
Ir.
gille,slovenly
bean," Ir.
haccar, Gr.
Lat.
common
Lat.
From
Lat.
Fr.
hacail, baker
Ir.
bank,
Back.
backet, from
Sc.
bakki,
Norse
; from
place-name
bacan,
bachar,
Br.
Hence
(N. H.)
from
bacteria.
word.
next
hac, q.v.
bagl,
ho and
; from
crooked.
W.
bacach,
bach,
back.
hak, Eng.
See
(vb.).
Eng.
whence
Ce, 1199)
of Loch
Ir. hacaim
M.
hdhliun.
Ir.
cattle,
for
Lat.
hucca, cheek.
; cf. Br.
in
Breton
and
word.
Cf.
Eng.
See
hot, bod,
Scotch
bud,
hucaid.
bunch
place
earlier
thicket
of grapes,
names
probably
Cf.
hodde.
Lat.
;
a
fascis
bast"^
b^dhan,
in
hothar,
a
q.v.
churchyard
H.S.D.
suggests
(Sutherland), i
ba
e.
from
+
the
ha,
root
go,
dol.
"enclosure,"
same
as
babhun.
from
Lat.
bacca
26
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
of
bagaire, a glutton ; from hag in the sense
belly."
The
W.
bagair, threaten, so Ir., E. Ir. bacur, a threat.
hygwl, a
from
threat, etc., is scarcely allied,for it comes
hwg, a spectre,
words
the
bogie, boggle, etc.
bogie, whence
possibly
English
allied with
G. bagair may
be
the root
underlying bac ; possibly
Z^a^-^/ar-,
"cry-back."
bagaisde, baggage, lumber
(of a person) (Wh.), from baggage.
bddh
Ir.
from
Eng. bay, Romance
bag'h, a bay,
baja.
;
with
stomach
ao
baghan, a
short). Dial, maghan
(baoghan,
Ger. miagen,
Norse
(Sutherland) ; cf. Eng. maw,
magi.
baibeil, lying, given to fables ; from Eng. babble.
baideal, tower, battlement, ensign, baidealach, bannered
; from
M.
is of the
same
origin as
Eng. battle, battlement, which
"
battlement.
Gr.
Gr.
^ws,
baidh, love,
*bddi-s
Ir.
bhd
root
(Stokes).
:
bho,
Cf.
whence
man.
Ir.
bulid
"^v\Xa
Hence
buil,bile.
; I.
E.
root
baileach.
Cf.
bailbheag", a corn
beilbheag, mealbhag", meilbheag.
poppy
bailc, a ridge, beam, W. bale, from Eng. balk.
bailc, seasonable
:
rain, showers
E. Ir. bale, strong, W.
bailceach, strong, a strong man,
balch,
balcli
Lat.
Br.
fulcio, support, Eng. fulcrum
superbus,
;
So
Celtic
root
bal, as in bail.
a
bal-ko-,
(Stokes). Likely
St.
Ost. ; Skr. balam, strength [adhbhal), Gr.
f^eXrepo'^
; Wh.
; also
boliji,greater
baile, town,
township,
bhv-alio-,
debilis.
; Lat.
Ir.,
bku-,
root
be
E.
Ir.
Gr,
bainisg,
mania
a
little
see
old
ban, bean,
bainne, milk, Ir.,M.
from
shire),a
drop,
"
neas,
; Ir.
white
mainigh
w^easel,"q.v.
(O'Br.), from
bd.
female
woman,
satirist
(Carm ) =ban-eisg
',
q.v.
Ir.
bain7ie
Ir.,M.
Ir.
also
bainne,
boinne,
milk.
milk
0.
Ir.
(Sutherland
drop,
banne,
OF
Cor.,
Br.
bath,
etc.
bair,
"^
hanne, gutta
goal,
game,
hha
; root
0.
Slav,
haiija,bath
strive
see
house
arahhaig.
(Sh.) :
of a
baircinn,
baireachd, quarrelling (Carm.) ; cf. bairseag.
fbairghin, bread, cake, Ir. bairghean, E. Ir. bargen, W.,
cake
Br. bar a, panis, * bar go- ; Lat. ferctum, oblation
side
byrgan,
timbers
to
taste, Norse
bergja,
Eng.
bdire
goal, M. Ir.
baireach, a
Ir.
hag-,
hag-ro-, root
27
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
ball.
and
Cor
,
Ag.
S.
taste.
Cf. bidrich.
bairich, lowing ; root of bo, cow.
b^irig",bestow
Eng. ware, as also bathar.
; from
bairleigeadh, bairneig'eadh, warning, summons
the
; from
Eng.
warning.
bairlinn, rolling
billow
wave,
Norse
from
bdra,
bair-linn,
billow.
wave,
fbair,
from
For
rowed
bor-
wave,
linne,
that
see
word.
bairneach,
from
M.
Stokes
bdirnech
takes
is allied
(Fob),
W.
brenig.
barnacle, from
rock,
barenn,
Med.
as
Cr.
Cor.
brennic
Lat.
bernaca.
AcTrri?,
limpet,
Ae-Tras,rock.
to
bairneachd, judgment
(Sh.),Ir.,W.,
Br.
bam,
root
ber
in
brdth,
q.v.
bairseag,
talk,
same
bar a,
baiseach,
in
wild
bd,
(Sh.),
wrath,
origin
baisceall, a
root
scold
as
Ir.
bairseach,
W.
Lat.
person
foolish ?
bar, wrath.
ferio, I strike,
Ir.
(Sh.); M.
+
M.
Ir.
Stokes
Norse
hairsecha,
refers
bar
berja, smite,
foolish
to
the
etc.
basgell(i.geltan),boiscell
ciall.
Kathlin
Ir. bachlach.
28
ETYMOLOGICAL
balgair, a fox :
balgum, mouthful,
M.
G.
Ir. hole
uisce,,a
ball, a member,
Ir., 0.
0.
DICTIONARY
(pi.),Ir. hlogam
bolgama
; from
halo.
Of.
bubble,
Ir.
ball ; Gr.
; root
hhel, swell.
ball,
spot, Ir.,M.
Ir.
(do.).
The
Br.
hal
Gaelic
^aAos,
Gr.
hal, white,
hall, white-spotted
6a/e-fire.
suggests
the
says
Romance
hhel
bhale,
Irish
hall
and
hale
shine
; whence
(I).
hall
Eng.
allied
seems
root
"f"d\apo"i(phalaros), white-
shining,
; I. E.
hal-no-,Celtic
stem
(of a horse),
forehead
on
the
to
ballach,
Hence
(Munster) ; from*^
in Old
Bailey, from
hallium.
Lat.
hall, spot.
ballaire, a cormorant
; from
Ir.
balldn, E. Ir. hallan.
ballan, a vessel, tub,
that
the
holli,bowl, Eng. howl, and
says
Stokes
Gaelic
cfs. Norse
is
probably
borrowed.
make
clatter
Norse
hallra, strepere,
probably from
(Eng. halderdasli),Ger. poltern.
Ir.
banais,
g. baindse
banarach, dairymaid
tbanbh, a pig, Ir. banhh,
; from
; from
*banvo-s.
and,
The
in
w^ord
Scotland,
as
banE.
Ir.
appears
Banff.
ban
and
hhd,
shine
further
; Gr.
away
is
bainfheis, wedding
+feisd
feast,.
direach.
banb,
W.
banw,
as
Banha,
M'L.
and
D.
Br.
name
gives
banv, bano,
for
Ireland,
the
further
"land
meaning
"fiav6s(a
Eng. hale
the
suggests
bangaid,
Lat.
pango,
whence
banquet, christening
it may
feast
have
; from
it
come.
Eng. banquet.
from
H.S.D..
OF
bann,
belt,
Dialectic
bannag,
banna^,
band
Eng.
cake
; from
It
hand.
"
also
means
hinge."
spann.
corn-fan
bannal,
29
LANGUAGE.
; from
Christmas
GAELIC
THE
Lat.
; from
troop, gang,
ban-ddl, assembly
Sc.
hannock.
of ladies.
Cf.
band.
Eng.
; from
Also
pannail.
hanna
honnach.
See
Eng. fan.
vannus,
Ir.
the
E.
Ir.
bansgal
(Dial, banasgal),
farmer,
baobh,
wicked
scold,
W.
from
E.
treb
in
witch,
badb,
bod, kite,
g. bodvar, war,
Stokes'
Diet,
the
In
S.
Ag.
Skr.
hoodie
Badba,
beadu,
bddhate,
g.
W.
Bodnod
; Norse
(Rhys).
"^badiva-
beadwe,
Lit.
oppress,
fairy,a
war-goddess,
a
crow,
Ir.
the
Bodvo-gnatus,
Bodv-,
bo^,
hadhbh,
demon,
crow,
Gaul.
Ir.
aitreabh.
treabhadh,
woman,
Ir.
female,
bddas, famine,
are
baogh.
given.
from
the weather
baodhaiste, ill usage
:
baoghal, danger, so Ir., 0. Ir. baigul, baegul ; cf. Lit. bai-me, fear,
bai-gus,shy, Skr. bhayate, fear.
baoth.
a
baoghan,
calf, anything jolly ; from
on
baogram, a flighty emotion
baogadh, a
(Dialectic)
; founded
dialectic
form
of biog, q.v.
baoileag, blaeberry ; cf. Eng. 6^7berry,Dan. bollebser.
baoireadh, foolish talk ; founded
on
baothaire, fool,from baoth, q.v.
tbaois, lust, so Ir., E. Ir. baes, ^baisso- (Stokes); compared by
to the
Bezzenberger to Gr. ^atS/oo?,shining, and by Strachan
root
gheidh, desire. Lit. geidii,desire, Ch. SI. zida, expetere,
Goth,
gaidw, a want.
Possibly allied to Lat. foedus, foul.
baoth
baois, madness,
so
Ir., E. Ir. bdis ; from
(Zim. Z^^ 229)
alone
Also
bdithas.
Cf.
sgith, sglos.
Ir.,
0.
bad,
bauths, dumb,
barrow, Ir. bara,
Goth,
a
Cf.
its
use
MS.
Ijaoth, foolish, so
baoghal ; Cor.
bara,
Ir.
Br.
baeth
bdith,
; root
as
some
E.
Ir.
suggest.
bara
; from
bai, fear, as
not
allied, nor
in
is
baothair,
Eng. baroive, Eng.
Hence
M.
fool.
barrow.
barail, opinion,
Ir.
baramhuil,
M.
Ir.
baramail
bar
samhail
for
l)araisd,barraisd, borage
bar an,
baron
; Ir. barraist
; Ir. bariin, W.
barwn
; from
; from
baril
the
the
; from
M.
E.
Eng. borage.
Eng,
30
ETYMOLOGICAL
Ir.,
M.
barbair,
barbarra,
ant,
war
DICTIONARY
Ir.
barbarous,
; from
gwarant
St.
(Fol.),W.
barhartha
W.
hardnta,
So
warrant.
now
Ir. hearrboir
barber,
Ir.
M.
harfwr
; from
; from
Lat.
the
barbarus,
Eng.
Eng.
barbarous.
bar-bhrig^ein, silver-weed
(Arm.)
barbrag", tangle tops, barberry ;
the
b^rc,
from
bragaire.
is called
former
; also
Ir.
bare,
W.
the
Late
ultimately from
through Fr., comes
Eng. bark.
bare, rush
(as water), Ir. bdrcaim, break
words
barg.,Br.
bare.
Latin
barca,
all
are
multitude
frequens,
out
; cf.
M.
These
whence
Ir.
bare,
numerous.
W.
bard,
bardd, Br. barz, Gaul.
poet,
"f"po-^M
((fipaS-),
bardos, ^bardo-s
speak (Eng. phrase).
; Gr.
Ir. bard, a guard,
garrison ; from
bard, dyke, inclosure, meadow,
bard,
bargan,
barlag,
enclosed
ward,
Eng.
a
a
bargain,
rag,
W.
pasture land
bargen ; from
tatter-demalion
(Liddell 35).
the
; cf. Ir.
Eng. bargain.
barlin, sheet,
for
braith-lin,
q.v.
in
barluadh, a term
barnaig, a summons
barpa, barrow,
Am
Farph
pipe
music
; from
cairn
in
the
{An
Eng.
Eng.
warning.
6ar + G.
luath.
is
Skye word).
Cape Wrath
Norse
Carbh, Lewis) ; from
Hvarf,
(H.S.D.,
Gaelic
; from
;;
barra-gug,
potato bloom,
bud.
See
gueag.
Also
barr-guc.
bastard.
;,
OF
Ir.
basgaire, mourning,
gaire,
Ir.
M.
hands,
the
melodious
basganta,
basg-luath,
basraich.
luath, ashes,
obsolete
the
from
vermilion;
and
base,
bas
basgaire ;
clapping with
gaire, "palm-noise;" for
lamentation,
bascarrach,
Also
goir.
see
31
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
Stokes
q.v.
base
cfs.
Lat.
to
Ir.
E.
hacca
(for bat-ca),berry.
bat, bata,
stick,
which
comes
under
Ir.
bata
bas,
Fr.
Br.
The
M.
; from
0.
from
batte, from
baz
q.v.
be native.
it may
boat, Ir. bad, M. Ir. bat, W.
Lat.
borrowed
seems
bat,
battuere,
as
Fr.,
the
from
though
bata,
boat,
Norse
bdtr
(Stokes).
K.
bad
; all
from
takes
Meyer
Ag.
S.
bat, Eng.
Ir. and
G.
from
Norse.
the
forehead
*bat-esti-, from
2:)hase.
appearance,
appearance,
may
it with
connect
See
be
facia,
beach,
are
bi-
so
Ir., 0.
in
appears
^bi-nja),Lit.
but
ban
further.
bhd,
shine,
Lat.
the
latest
Gr.
^acrt?,
fades, face,
authorities
make.
wares.
doubtful.
bee,
I.E.
allied, though
the Eng.
bathar, wares
; from
fbeabhar, beaver, Ir. beabhar
Bibrax
fiber ; Eng.
; Lat.
Ir.
bat,
does
Ir.
Eng.
bitis.
bech, W.
Stokes
makes
it with
the
Celtic
stem
root
biene
beko-s,
other
language.
compare
any
beachd, opinion, notice, Ir. beacht, certain, E. Ir. becht, bechtaim, I
71).
certify; Hhig-to- ; Lat. j^^o (St. Z.C.P.
Ir.
beadaidh, impudent, fastidious,
beadaidh, beadaidh, sweetmouthed,
scoffing ; E. Ir. bet,talking, shameless
girl (Corm.) :
*beddo-, *bez-do-, root bet, get, as in beul.
beadradh, fondling, caressing, beadarrach, pampered :
beag, little,Ir. beag, 0. Ir. becc, W.
bach. Cor. bechan, Br. bic'han^
have
bian, "^bezgo-; Lat. vescus
connected
( gvesgus) 1 Some
not
it with
Gr.
jxiKpog,
Dor.
Gr.
jjukkos,
and
Lat.
vix, scarcely.
beairt, engine, loom : see beart.
beairtean, shrouds, rigging ; see
bea7't.
Dr
Cameron
suggested
32
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
bealach,
Ir.
bealach,
hila, gap,
mouth;
bilaho-n
bile.
etc
pass,
See
healaidh,
M.
Br.
(prolificas
W.
(cf. Br.
alan
v.
Dictionaries,
W.
Ernault
be
anail).
It is
possible
word
does
Lh.'s
in
balai,
older
Celt,
Br.
is
not
banadl,
Lat.
banadlon
as
banadl
is borrowed
Ir.
the
in
appear
which
part,
bhel,
with
of W.
Gaelic
that
of broom,
root
compared
gives
balan,
balain,
broom"
"
pass,
root
metathesis
Br.
common
for
might
save
cf.
has
; cf. Skr.
hwlch,
Yoc.) ;
; the
W.
corresponding
the
Br.
The
belach
Cf.
the
to
the
but
M.
(root gen,
Pictish
the
174).
referred
bud),
to
which
genista, broom
(R.C.^^ 106).
from
be
root, like
balannu,
banathel,
Cor.
(C.RR.
Ir.
E.
might
This
bloom
as
0.
baiazn,
broom.
in
Ir.
broom,
road,
pass,
perhaps
proves
nothing.
bealbhan-ruadh,
a
(Sh., O'R.) ; for healbhan, cf.
species of hawk
^
tbealbhach, a bit, from beul, mouth
Ir.
E.
Ir.
bealteine,
bealltuinn, May-day,
beltene, belltaine, "^belobelo- is allied
to Eng.
te{p)nid(Stokes), bright-fire,"where
The
Gaul,
hale ("bale-fire"),
Ag. S. hael. Lit. baltas, white.
Belenos
and
Belisama
also
speare's
Shakeare
hence, and
god-names
Two
needfires
were
Cym-beline.
lighted on Beltane
which
the
their
cattle
for
Gael, between
they drove
among
luck
and
hence
the
Eadar
da
theine
proverb :
purification
;
"
"
"
Bhealltuinn
bean, wife,
Celtic
Got.
so
bend,
two
Beltane
W.
bun,
Between
"
g.
gino, Eng.
Sc.
queen,
queyn
Cor.
benyw.
benen,
yvvrj,Boeot.
; Gr.
bnds
bnds, pi. n.
fires.
; Skr.
sponsa,
/Savd ;
Gr.
gnd.
bean, touch, Ir. beanaim, beat, touch, appertain to, 0. Ir. benim,
pulso, ferio, Br. hena, to cut, M. Br. benaff, hit ; '^bina, root
I.E. bhi,
bin, bi (0. Ir, ro bi, percussit, bithe, perculsus),from
bhei,
; Ch.
hit
SI.
Further
"j)irp6s,
log.
has
bean
bija, hiti,strike
is root
referred
been
to
I.
beann,
; but
top,
height,
gh
G.
horn,
M.
Gaul,
canto-bennicus
bennd
Gaelic,
beann,
beannachd,
root,
the
save
Ir.
Br.
the
blessing,
benedictio, whence
ban,
so
in
form
gen.
bihal,
axe
Gr.
OetvM, strike
Skr.
han,
also
Ir.
benn, pinna,
benny, horn, pipe
W.
ban,
peak"
mount
(music),
proto-Gaelic
In
the
Scotch
place
of
pi.
Ir., 0.
Eng.
0.
"white
as
gn-,
oblique
in
beann,
mons,
gen-,
G.
b is doubtful.
peak,
peak,
H,
slew, (fiovos,
slaughter,
slay, e7r"(f)vov,
hit
0.
Ir.
bendacht,
benediction.
W.
bendith
; from
Lat.
OF
beannag,
beantag,
bearach,
skirt,
bannag.
see
heann.
; from
corner,
corn-fan
33
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
bior ; cf.
from
dog-iish (M'A.) ; 0. Ir. berach^ verutus,
bone-dog."
Eng.
dogfish
picked or horned
;
root
bearachd, judgment
bera,
bra, as in brath, q.v.
(Sh., O'R.) ;
vervain
bearbhain,
Eng. vervain, Lat. verbena.
; from
"
"
bearn,
breach,
bore
; Lat.
Arm.
beran,
fen
in
Ir.
ber, Br.
^berso-
bhera,
in
as
flighty, nimble
bearfc, a deed,
Ir. bedrt,
cfiopros,burden
beatha,
life, so
0.
Ir.
bi-tdt
While
shoes
bethu,
bith
see
birth;
Gr.
beairt, engine,
Also
in
the
"gear,"
of
sense
ceann-bheart,
not
the
head-gear,
termination
Sc.
suggests
Also
meilleach.
beilleag, outer
beince, being
beinn, hill, ben
beann
of
is usual
beat
of
birch,
a
Cf.
rind
form
masculine
Br.
of
of
and
bed,
beothu
nom.
and
G.
Ir.
beathach.
of
Eng.
-mhach
for
bach
beul.
The
first
use
(M'A.).
q.v.
bailbheag'.
bit,
beid.
from
beilean,
also
from
Ir.
bivo
stem
beatha
0.
etc.
(H.S.D.);
bench;
mainc,
from
the
dialectic
bridle
bivotdt, that
Hence
Also
bel-nac-.
stem
meil,
mealbhag.
see
bongim,
oblique
sounds
the
dial,
beck, curtesy,
beidmhach,
(H.S.D.),
beinse, W.
It
as
both
to
; it is
-vo-
form
Ir.
coating
bitdt-,
stem,
as
same
beiceis, bobbing,
the
common
of beatha
stem
beathadhach,
conmion
from
riches,
rojt.
philologists wrong.
Ir.
Hence
bi is
set
from
Ul,
Celtic
contain
has
berthe
bethad,
g.
being
part
root
animal.
curtesy
beck, beckon.
a
the
that
beathach,
for
bei^t,bundle,
bi-vo-
does
former
Ir.
Ir.
berth; rich,
philologists to represent
{*bi-tus)
Cf.
off ;
compounds
many
beay-t ; W.
Ir.
into
of beb.
beic,
bearr
load, action, E.
in
from
is,bi-vo-tdt-,the
the
cut
piece
"c.
rich
divided
for
from
cais-bheart, foot-gear,
helmet,
beartach,
(fidpcros,
any
Gr.
Cor.
byrr, short.
W.
It is used
in
berraim,
bearn.
bearraideach,
as
bher, cut,
E.
plough, cfiapio,split ;
Also
bern,
Eng. bore.
bar, clip ;
Ir.
0.
bearraim,
berr, short,
loom.
SI.
I.
Ir.
E.
bearr, shear,
root
; Ch.
mouth
berna
(fidpos,a
; Gr.
bore
forare,
Ir.
E.
Ir. bearna,
cleft,
"
prating
meilleag*,
Sc.
bink
mouth.
q.v.
Eng.
bench.
menk.
beann
beside
used
(f.n.),
ceann,
etc.
as
See
fern,
beann.
nom.,
34
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
beinneal,
binding
cord
of
of straw
sheaf
other
or
fero,
Ir.
\ Lat.
berm), Eng.
beith, birch,
Lat.
Ir., 0.
so
Fr.
betida,
beithir,
Ir.
serpent,
beithir, wild
the
of
sense
there
and
meanings,
Cf.
myth.
Br.
bedw,
beast,
E.
beast, bear,
bezuenn,
Lat.
from
Celtic
betvd,
huge
skate,
beirfjail,bearskin,
Eng.
(M'E.) :
Ir.
bear
(Zim.
W.
beb,
beimneach
K.B.^
Br.
byw,
the
other
is famed
bera, bear
Norse
but
borrowed;
behind
betrix
word
bet-tia
In
beithir, g. bethracli.
beithir
or
bestia, for
is, doubtless,
Celtic
beithir
monster,
Ir.
word
the
the
0.
W.
wild
any
Lat.
bwystjii
blast.
genuine
W.
beist,
Ir.
bethe,
"bear,"
seems
(pronounced
6arm
boule.
Ir.
Sc.
(Kob.).
0.
Also
(Eng. beast).
whence
fermeiUum,
b/ier,
to
bharami.
from
yeast;
cymmeryd^
I.E.
com-be7^-);
"
bind.
\ from
W.
Ir. berim^
bear, Skr.
(Hend.), barm,
bundle
bindle,
Sc.
; from
Eng.
0.
beirim,
kemeret
barm
bundle
corn,
binding,
for
(pepo),Eng
Gr.
taairm
beirm,
Br.
accept,
of
in
(fern.),
286).
beu,
*bivo-s
Lat.
vivas,
for
beuban,
beuc,
bed-iach
anything
roar,
Ir.
begy, Br.
mangled
oytach.
see
beccini, W.
Ir.
wy) suggests
(Strachan).
giik-ko-, root
beud,
-lack,
beic, 0.
dithculty
derived
for
from
the
vowels
between
as
with
comparison
Thus
Lat.
gem,
the
mischief, hurt,
root
Ir.
of
gengE.
bead,
geum,
(e
should
Cor.
The
give
craith, ^cremptbenk-ko-,
suggests
The
(Stokes).
W.
W.
creuchd,
etc.
gemo,
and
G.
baich
beuc,
"^baikio
result
same
further
can
be
q.v.
allied
to
Eng.
bane
beul, mouth,
([uoth,
connect
so
Got.
W.
Ir.,
-^
idea
The
qithan.
gioeji (
bel, *bet-lo-, I.
Ir.
O.
vo-bel),but
edge (Ernault).
beulaobh, front, E. Ir. ar-belaib, 0.
mixed
with
this
is the
0.
Ir.
ace.
is
this
the
is
Ir. belib
E.
whence
Eng.
Some
"speaker."
probably '^vo-byl,byl,
get-,
; dat.
pi. beulu.
pi. of
beul
; also
OF
beum,
GAELIC
THE
the
blow,
from
from
cejig-men,
heng, hong,
root
from
leum
horn,
blow.
Eng.
bite, which
Some
derivation
ben
into
cf.
ceum
with
agrees
Cor.
iheid,
root
The
meaning.
buaiw,
beids-men,
or
to
pi. bemen^
nom.
in
This
Oeid-men
as
beim,
appears
'^ben-s-men, root
been
has
which
best
G.
Ir.
leng-men.
suggest
suits
0.
Ir. and
35
LANGUAGE.
favourite
of bean.
berr-tio-s,with
from
beirr.
berr, giving
oldest
Skr.
ba7ists, barn,
bha, bh^,
bdi,
TO
Ir.
was,
bebove
do
0.
was,
cowstall.
bhdmar,
we
The
Breton
Got.
oa
seems
M.
was,
Ir.
for
perfect tense, "^boveit),
bheu,
root
to
Trecfiv-ice
be, as
; I.E.
Gr.
(bhd-),do bht,
were
babhuva
; Skr,
in Lat.
bhdaa,
with
connection
suggests
derivations.
these
against
Windisch
stem.
was
"
Ger.
wander,
vagor,
which
wandering,
bheil, is,
Ir.
comes
near
adj. fan,
the
landshire,
tvackeln,
fuil, bhfuil,
Ir.
the
sense.
Lat.
has
Ir
vel
prevail,Lat.
bho, 0,
from
take
bhos,
Ch.
bhos,
"in
SI.
u-
; Skr.
this
on
station,"
in
side
; from
rest, Ir.
remaining, staying,
Ir.
bhur, bhur
n-, your,
(Stokes), "^s-ves-ro-n.
Lat.
than
sit, bwi/f
biu,
Stokes
Celtic
am
bi,
be
sim,
; Lat.
differs
beio^
root
Suiher-
(val), wish,
Ir. i
n-,
0.
Ir.
see
sves-,
(nos-^ero-,where
-ro-{e)ro-,
Br.
fio
0.
Ir.
biu,
bezaff.
Eng.
other
"-
a?^-fero,"away
be
sum,
foss, here,
authorities
bar
in
far
Cf.
-tero-
bi, be
in
n-,
for
is
of sves-ro-n,
root
0.
fr.
foss,
root.
n-,
sibh.
Proto-Celtic
; I. E.
a{n) bhfos,
form
eclipsed
0.
Celtic
M.
; Lat.
See/o^.s",rest, for
For
thou,
from
the
abhus,
bhar
nostrum
form
Ir.
In
from.
ava,
rest.
izvara,
fan,
ivill.
Ir. 6, ua,
also
is still used.
prone,
0.
wobble.
"^''svaron
form
fuller
parative
com-
svaron).
thou,
0.
W.
bhv-ijo, for
bheu,
Got.
be.
bit,
O.
See
Ir.
bha.
bith, beatha,
Lat.
vivo,
etc.
36
ETYMOLOGICAL
bivo-
bian,
Eng.
For
Cf.,
tear.
catching
is
abuse,
a
raven
food.
Ir.
di
hi
whence
Bivoto-n
W.
is
two
posts.
bywyd,
derivative
vita.
from
bian,
"^beinocf.
force,
Sepfia,skin,
Gr.
root, bean,
for
biast.
bhei-, as
; root
in
Eng.
bite,
from
der, split,
biast
is
hit.
In
H.S.D.
parts
some
refers
it
biadh
to
applied
-\- sgathach,
morsels.
at
worthless
beast,
E.
q.v.
niggardly ; from
niggardly person.
biasgach,
biatach,
boed,
Ir.
Ir., E.
findo.
Lat.
biast,
Br.
bed, living,
of
hide,
to
so
huit, cibus,
Cor.
(Hend.),
threshold
has
biadh, food,
DICTIONARY
person
heist.
see
The
word
biast,
of biast.
metaphoric use
(Sh.) ; cf. biatach, biadhtach,
provider, farmer,
biadh.
from
beet.
Eng.
biathainne,
biaiuis,
Ir.
Cf.
biathadh
Lat.
in
; from
Lat.
many
biathaidh
hook-bait,
bait,
esca,
for
places means
a
journey,
betys
betis, beta,
biotals.
earth-worm,
biadh.
W.
biceas
either
(Dialectic);
ed-sca,
"
to
viaticum
ed^eat.
The
from
word
entice."
;
formed
from
biadh,
viaticum.
on
or
the
Eng.,
and
badly spelt by
biocas.
From
bioc,jn'oc? (Wh.)
bicein, a single grain (Arg.).
Sc. bicker, Eng. beaker.
Also
dish ; from
bigeir,
biceir, a wooden
bigein.
of "small
bid, a very small portion, a nip, a chirp. In the sense
the
word
the
is from
Sc. bite, hit,Eng. bite, bit.
In
portion,"
small
O'R.
the
of
has
Ir.
word
sound,"
an
sense
chirp, a
of
birds."
See
Hence
bidein, diminutive
bid,
biog.
song
or
thing. Cf. W. hidan, of like force.
person
Sc. hittock, dim.
of Eng. bit.
bideag, a bit, bittie ; from
(Stew.), bid (Sh.), Ir. bid, bided^i (O'R), W. hid,
bidean, a fence
quickset hedge, hidan, a twig ; "^bid-do-,root, hheid, split^
Ir. ; from
bidhis, a vice, screw,
so
Eng. vice.
the English.
bidse, a bitch ; from
See
bith.
bigh, high, pith of wood, gum.
E. Ir., bil, bile, W.
bil, bile, edge, lip, Ir. bil, mouth,
byl, *hili-,
bilio-.
Root
of a
bhi, bhei, split; cf. Skr. hila, a hole, mouth
W.
also
etc.
vessel,
myl.
; vil, edge :
Ir.
bileag, bile, a leaf, blade,
billedg,bileog,*bilid, I. E. root bhela,
"
"
further, Eng.
as
in
blade.
bldth
Lat.
folium
Gr.
cfivWov,
OF
GAELIC
THE
37
LANGUAGE.
"
Ir.
stomach,
root
binn, melodious,
(St.); Skr.
bhanddna,
idea
Cf.
.?
of bean
Ir., 0.
so
clear
is
stomach.
*bendi, *bydi-
6w/,
joyful, bhand,
adds
shouting (Stokes, who
be
high-headed.
verdict
binn, sentence,
proclaims, *bon7i6,
the
Ir.
that
^bineiiti-,
"
biter
"
rennet
"high,"
of
root
0.
receive
bhandate,
See
It
binit,
muiruie,
however,
may,
Ir.
0.
binid,
Lat.
Br.
loud
ban?i
praise,
fides, lyre).
The
also.
next
has
an
atboind,
Skr.
bhan,
speak, Eng.
ban.
ablaut
in
connected
with
Cf.
Than.
Gaelic
Ir.
cf. E.
*bendi-, *benni-, ;
: o
bha, speak.
binid,
; from
root
curdle
binndich,
q.v.
binnein, pinnacle ; from beaym, q.v.
bebii
bioball, pioball, Bible, Ir. biobla, W.
Eng. bible.
biod, pointed top ; root in biodag, bidean.
biodag, a dagger, Ir. bideog (O'li.),miodog, W.
resicaret, "^biddo-, bid-do-, Celtic
bheid,
Lat.
findo, Eng.
bodhin, possibly.
biog, biog, a start,
Ir,
bite,
biodhg,
root
Skr.
Ir.
0.
bidog,
bid, beid,
bhid,
E.
Lat.
; from
split.
bedg, 0.
biblia,
Br.
bitat,
E.
bhid,
I.
Hence
Ir.
Eng.
du-bidcet,
root
Consider
bis-, gis, root gi- of bed.
jaculantur, "^bizgo-,
biogail, lively,quick.
biog^,biog, chirp ; onomatopoetic ; cf Lat. pipe, chirp, Eng. pipe ;
also Eng. vJieep. Also
bid, q.v.
from
bwg, cheep.
biogarra, churlish
cheepish,"
;
fbiol, violin ; from
biolagach, melodious
(JVrF,); from
Eng. viol,
.
"
Fr.
viole, violin.
biolaire, water-cresses,
Ir.
Possibly
allied
biolar,
berula
the
to
tobar, Eng.
cress.
i.e., well
well, G.
"
"
root
E.
Ir.
biror,
(Marcellus),
of Celtic
Cf.
burn.
The
W.
Fr.
berwr, Cor.,
berle, Sp.
bervb, seethe, 0.
Ger.
brunnen
dictionaries
and
Ir.
kresse,
old
Br.
berro.
tipra,
cress,
water-
glossaries
well.
or
(Cormac, etc.)give bir, bior, as
1
biolar, dainty, spruce
bior, "sharp
(Sh.) ; for bior-ar, from
biolasgach, prattling,so Ir. (Lh., O'B.) ; from bil, lip.
bionn, symmetrical (Carm.) : Sc. bien.
bior, stake, spit, Ir. bior, 0. Ir. bir, W. ber. Cor., Br. ber, Celtic
heru- ; Lat.
trees
veru
(Hes.); Lit. g\re, forest.
; Gr. (^apve";,
Hence
biorach, sharp.
water
'^
38
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
of
hiolar
(bior-)and
bior.
biorraid,
helmet,
Late
Lat.
biorsadh, a
biorsamaid,
biota,
from
of
hismar,
Sc.
sailing boat
from
bior.
Norse
bismari.
vessel
vitaille,from
Norse
from
biittis,Eng.
biotailt, victuals,
bytta,
S.
Lat.
hitdill,W.
Br.
hitel,M.
victualia.
Eng.
victuah
bitaill
; from
0.
is from
the
French,
bitu-,
*bitu
vivo, Eng.
from
the
root
longer
Gr.
of
form
must
2^1/9,
Ir.
if
beith,
derived
gi
; but
bith.
as
Substantive,
fScurci(Eng.
Ir.
gis-,
bd,
bigh,
the
from
fui
0.
root
is
bith
Gaul.
0.
have
his
and
Ir.
(f"va-i"i.
been
possible
in
Stokes,
takes
The
bhu,
it
Cf.
Lat.
^biUi-s, Gr.
bera,
q.v.
Ir. buith.
fui)
Fr.
Norse
whence
gei, gi,
beith, 0.
existence
Ir. aorist
0.
birdlime,
we
W.
whence
the
giun,
Otherwise
Verb
E.
root
same
go,
ga,
still refers
bith, resin,
the
Neo-Celtic
the
the
and
I.
Ir.,E.
bith, world,
by
of
are
bhu
bith
influenced
on
bl, be),
root
forms
they
Hence
etc.
(inf.of
bith, being
The
be,
root
bytt,
butt.
Ir.
from
the
galley, bark, M. Ir. beirling ; formed
from
vb.
byriSingr, a ship of burthen,
byr(Sr, burden,
Sc.
The
the
Gaelic.
is from
Eng. bear.
bierlingjbirlinn
febirlig "fjor^ungr.
bior, goad,
birtich, stir up ; from
biseach, luck ; see
piseach.
bith, the world, existence, Ir., 0. Ir. bith, W. byd, Br. bed,
is
of
Latin
birlinn,
cap
goading ";
; from
bowsprit
chnrn,
"
impatience
balance
vessel
birreud,
bwretum.
keen
bior-snaois,
Ir.
cap,
that
treatise
beith
from
which
he
to
ba.se),a root
(see bti).
Ir. bi, pix, adj. hide, *geis-,
of gi^ithas, fir (Schriider).
borrowed
as
regard
Eng. pitch, against which
it
from
Lat.
and
pix, picis,
i
{i long)
militate.
bith, quiet(Arm.) :
bith-, prefix denoting
bith,
Ir., 0.
"ever-,"
Ir.
hith-,
W.
byth-
from
world.
:
biuc, difficult utterance
biuthaidh, foe, Ir. biodhbha,
E.
Ir.,
0.
Ir.
bidbe,
culprit, enemy.
hero
see
jiu, fiubhaidh.
bidbid^
(gen.)
OF
blabaran,
GAELIC
THE
Ir. hlabardn
stammerer,
It
inarticulately.
of
is
39
LANGUAGE.
the
from
onomatopoetic
babble.
bladair,
wide
the
Eng.
mouth,
Ir. blad
Norse
blatero, babble,
Cf.
bladair.
blad,
Also
blaterare, prate.
bladh, fame, Ir. blddh, E.
wide
from
from
mouth
(M'F.).
; root
Sc.
blad'r, nonsense,
shout.
glaodh,
flatterer
bladaire,
blatterer, bletherer,
Lat.
Lat.
Ir.
flatterer,
blether.
bladhair,
Hence
in
as
See
expressive,
boaster.
bladhail, strong,
bladh,
from
root
W.
pith,
bldth,
in
as
active
blawdd,
"^bldd-
q.v.
bladhm, a boast,
; see
blad-shronach,
blad-spag-ach, flat-nosed,
blaotnadh.
etc.
flat-footed
; blad-
is from
Eng. flat.
Lat.
blaisbheum, blasphemy ; from
blasphemia, Eng. blasphemy.
Norse
blanndaidh, rotten, stale ; from
blanda, whey "blend."
Ir. ;
from
Lat.
blanndar,
so
blandiri,
flattery, dissimulation,
Sc.
blander, Eng.
fblaodh,
Hence
blaodhag,
blaomadh,
loud
shell,
Ir.
Ir.
See
"spot."
blar, having
white
*bld-ro-s,
M.
blaosc,
calf's
etc.
cry,
noisy
bloedd.
person
from
Ir.
from
blaesc, testa,
W.
blisg ;
bldr, spotted,
the
idea
see
being
word.
next
face,
white
or
bid-, from
root
W.
blaeded,
blaodhmanach,
plaosg.
blar, a field,battle, peat-moss
a
Ir.
blaodh.
see
M.
blaodh,
noisy girl,blaoghan,
talking,
"^blaid-s-men
fblaosg^,
Ir.
noise,
shout,
blandish.
spot
I. E.
the
on
(of an
face
bhale, shine,
bhd
animal);
(paXapos
Gr.
(second
patch (on
long), having a
head, as
on
a
Cf. Dutch
white
the
forehead
dog's head).
blaar, a
spot on
See
(whence Fr. blaireau, badger), M. Dutch,
blaer, bald.
w^hite
for
which
allied.
seems
milsati, lick,
berger).
be
0.
so
has
word
This
It is not
topography.
bias, taste, Ir. bias,
Welsh
ban.
bealltuinn,
roots
the
used
Ir. inlas, W.
largely
Argyle (M'K.) nor
enters
in
bids, Br.
Russ.
sweet-toothed,
Ultimately
the
root
blaivr, grey,
bias,
be
suck
mel,
Pictish
in Ireland.
"^mlasto-
molsati,
to
seems
iron-grey,
into
as
Czech
(Bezzenin
meli-,
Hence
Fr. blase
meil, grind.
honey, G. 7nil,and even
See
blaisbheum.
blas-bheumnaich,
blaspheme (Heud.).
E.
Ir.
W.
blath, bloom, blossom, Ir.,
bldth,
blawd, blodau,
')
blodori,
M.
blossom
forth;
Br.
bleuzenn,
Lat.
*bldto-n
j^os, flower;
I.
E.
root
Eng. bloom,
etc.
bhela
Cor.
hhlo
40
ETYMOLOGICAL
blath,
kind, Ir., E.
warm,
mela, mid,
root
Cf.
bldth.
in
original
Hence
idea
"ground
is
soft."
idea
The
cow-milker;
metaphoric
bliochd, milk,
dibble
for
Ir.
Cf.
hraich,
melt.
from
bleachdaire, flatterer,
last
of the
use
word, "cow-milker,"
q.v.
(vb.),Ir. blighim
bleagh, milk
bleaghan, a
mid,
md,
root
"pounded,
Eng. malt, "soured,"
and
soothing, flatteringfellow,
mld-tac-,
soured."
is
hladach.
So.
bleachdair,
Ir. hldthach
Ir.,M.
"soured,"
mrac-,
from
The
nildith, ^'mldti-
soft, smooth,
blawcl, meal,
W.
from
Ir. bldith,
grind.
to
blathach, buttermilk,
as
DICTIONARY
bleoghainn.
see
digging
shell-fish, a
up
tool
worthless
word
another
seems
like
Eng. blatant,
formed
the
on
word
bladair, blad,
blate
(talk,prate),
just
Norse
from
cowardice, and Sc. blate (1).
bley"5\,
bleideir, coward
;
bleith, grind, Ir. bleithim, E. Ir. bleith, inf. to 0. Ir. melim, I
grind, W. malu, Br. malaff ; root mel, grind, Lat. 7}iolo,Eng.
meal,
etc.
Eng.
"labuntur
glide:
I. E.
gh
becomes
anni
Celtic
"
I.
(Stokes).
E.
ghleidh,
It
whence
doubtful
is
if
b.
These
inertes.
gleznus, tender,
the
derivation
words,
Stokes
weak,
may
Gr.
suggested
has
be
referred
to
fSXijxpos,languid.
for
suggested
blian,
the
above.
stem
*gleghno-.
See, however,
For
bleno-
Lit.
the
;
Brittonic
Skr.
gldna,
tired.
melg,
milk.
See
bleoghainn.
blian.
See
softening" 1
basking (Islands) :
^blig-s-dn-,
(Sh., O'B., O'R.), Ir. bliosdn:
bliosan, artichoke
?'
curdler
Its florets were
used
for curdling.
blionadh,
"
"milk-
OF
THE
blob, blubber-lipped
blubber,
blocan,
G.
and
refers
blomas,
it
w^ord
blonag,
(Sh.).Ir.
blomas
Ir.
fat,
M.
Rhys
root.
t blosg,
M.
sound
Ir.
Ir.
whence
Lat.
bobug,
be
bobhstair,
boc,
into
; from
bolster
Ir.
0.
Br.
horn,
for
*blogbo-,
from
Cf.
^kolo-po'i,
Gr.
cow,
for
*bov-s
bou-,
Skr.
boy
I. E.
g_6us,
go.
boban, calf,
Ir
cf. M.
Eng.
Sc.
of uncertain
origin,
Skr.
0.
Ir.
bukka,
bug,
root
bobbin.
bohter.
bowster, Eng.
boc, he-goat,
^bukko-s
Ger.
the
; from
bug-ko-,
buck,
sound
resound,
shout,
^ovs, Eng.
Eng.
bo.
prolific
roar.
buiv,
affection
Br.
bloneg,
very
[Zeit^^502.]
bldzgu,
W.
swell
W.
compared.
buck,
bouc'h
of
bloedd,
maidd.
Gr.
term
bobbin
bo,
bos,
from
boban,
boban,
Ir.
blosgaidhim,
W.
W.
; cf. meag,
Ir., 0.
may
blonac,
[R.C.^^ 102.]
borrowed.
Ir.
horn,
voice
is
Lit.
(jyXoor-yos),
cow,
W.
says
a
blosc,
blo^godin
boban,
blamaire,
Ir.
bladlim.
see
(St.
"boaster."
means
b6,
Gr.
Eng. pluck.
of
root
pre-
balk^
Eng.
away
the
to
blog,
blonag, fat,
to
ostentation
further
Ir.
E.
; from
pflug).
Ger.
plant with
bloinigean
Ir.
the
block,
refers
plough,
bloin'g'ein,any
block
Eng.
; J
Stokes
Eng.
Ir.
half,
bhlog
(f^dXay^.
now
Eng.
from
block, blog,
Eng. block.
bloigh, fragment,
Celtic
(Sh.)
41
LANGUAGE.
etc.
little
GAELIC
Zend,
hocc,
goat.
W.
These
buza, buck.
Cor.
bwch.
be
may
Arm.
Br.
boch,
analysed
buc, lamb,
Eng.
bock.
hocaim
cf. W.
hoch, cheek,
hucca, puffed
Lat.
from
cheek
Gadelic
possibly
Norse
to
sithe, apparition,
bochail,
'
proud,
!
heyday
bochuin, swelling,
festum
the
sea
cf.
the
clear
interjection fboch,
Ir.
diem."
(Carm.),
boch-thonn
(H.S.D.)
are
E.
?),
(Murray).
M.
from
relationship
from
do,
bug-ko-, would
larbula.
puki, a Puck,
Ag. S. puca,
ghost (Perth : Wh.).
^nimble
"0
these
bukko-,
stem
is not
With
allied
boc-
boch,
42
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
but
bodach
is formed
bodlia,
the
rock
breaker,
thence
soft
break
bod'i, a
Norse
from
especially.
the
from
Sc.
Norse
Ger.
now
hard.
so
breast
breech,
bhud-
'^boud-dno, *boud,
cf.
Eng.
buttock.
bodhar, deaf,
bouzar
bodhbh,
rocks
clod.
botte,a
waves
that
suggests
ending
ham,
butt,
Fr.
also
He
Fick
bodhan,
0.
which
corpus
bdkr, trunk,
the
this.
against
the
sunken
over
bodhag", a
bodhaig, body,
is
on
over
sea-lark
by
G.
Ir., 0.
so
*bodv-io-s
byddar,
Cor.
bodhar,
Br.
badhird.
; Skr.
bobh,
W.
Ir., bodar,
(Perthshire),E.
fright
; from
bodvo-
in
baobh,
Ir.
bodba,
dangerous,
q.v.
bodht, swampy
ground :
Ir.
bog, soft,
bog, 0. Ir. bocc, Br. bouk, 0. Br. bite,putris ; *buggo-,
^bug-go- ; I. E. bhug, bend, Skr. bhugna, bent. Got. liugan,
Eng. bow, from Ag. S. boga.
bogha, a bow, so Ir., M. Ir. boga ; from
Ag. S. boga, Eng. bow.
For
root,
see
under
bog.
bog'us, a
moth, bug ; from
Eng. bug, Sc. bog.
boicineach, small-pox ; root in biicaid,q.v.
boicionn, a goat skin, skin; *boc-cionn, buck-skin
";
timber
"
fcionn
Br.
Norse
bold,
A
Ir.
cenni,
W.
scamae,
cen,
vow,
Ir.
moid,
borrowing
from,
of the
is also
Ir. moit,
M.
moid
boidheach, pretty;
or
Gaelic
*monti-,
leaning
form.
M.
on,
root
Lat.
Ir. in
votum
Cor.
skin,
skinn.
in view
as
0.
is in
the
word
cennen,
-cionn, skin,
mon,
men,
possible
seems
iioit ; from
think.
Lat.
votum,
(Stokes).
for
buaidheach, "having
q.v.
boidheam, flattery(H.S.D.) :
boigear, pufhn, ducker
; also budhaigir,
q.v.
virtues," from
buaidh,
OF
THE
43'
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
buffalo
Eng.
well-built,
(Sh., Lh.), so
Ir. ;
perhaps
allied
to
\j^t.
ferus,
bear.
on
boireal, a small auger
(M'F.) ; founded
Eng. bore.
Ger.
root
as
berg,
boiriche, rising ground, bank
(M'D.) ; same
mountain, Eng. ice-berg.
boirionn, female, feminine, Ir. bainionn, boinionn
; "^bani-, from
the word
biorionnach, a female, which
bean, ban, q.v. Hence
in
Cf.
is masc.
been
gender, having
originally neuter.
doirionn
for doinionn
(Arg.).
bois, the palm ; see baa.
boiseag, slap in the face, palmful, Ir., M. Ir. boiseog, buffet.
boiseid, a belt, budget ; from the English.
boisg^,gleam ; see boilhg.
boiteadh, boiled food for horses (H.S.D.), Eng. bait :
boiteag, a maggot ; see botus.
Sc. buttle,
of hay or
straw
boitean, a bundle
; for boiteal,from
0. Fr. botte.
of hay, from
Eng. bottle,bundle
the
call
for (Dialectic)
to a pig, boit, a taste
boitidh,
:
bowl
from
the
bol, a
English.
;
boladh, smell, so Ir., 0. Ir. bolad, *bulato- ; Lit. biCU, dusty air
Stokes
has
Lit.
(Bezzenberger).
bulis^,buttock,
compared
Skr.
buli, vulva.
Sc.
pdnis,
bannock,
Ir.
boinneog,
be
to
appears
oaten
cake.
founded
This
on
Lat.
word,
like
pdnicum,
bread.
bonnanach,
young
strapping
(Skye)
a
men
active
borb, fierce, so
borrowed
fellow
Ir.,
0.
from, Lat.
Ir.
borp
barbarus.
allied
to,
or,
more
probably,
44
ETYMOLOGICAL
borbhan,
sound
purling
Fr.
seethe,
DICTIONARY
*horvo-^
Lat.
Bourbon,
identical
stem
hervo-,
borbhanach,
Hence
etc.
ferveo,
with
base, deep.
W.
; from
hivrdd
Norse
Ag. S.,
hord.
borlanachd,
from
morlanachd,
Eng.
The
hordland,
cairiste,done
borlum,
from
castle
labour
compulsory
under
as
for
for
the
proprietor
M'Morland.
Hence
horlum.
proprietor
land
name
royal
flux or
bbrc.
borlum, a sudden
vomiting, a flux ; for bdrc-lum
; see
fborr, knob, pride, greatness,
great, Ir., E. Ir. borr, *borso-,
bhorsoG. parrunga,
; Lat. fastus (for farstus),pride ; 0. H.
Hence
superbia ; allied to barr, q.v.
borrach, a haughty
mountain
a
protruding bank, a
man,
grass.
Ir.
all from
bosd
Cor.
bost
bosd, a boast,
Eng. boas^t,
(O'R.),W.,
;
itself
bosdan,
M.
of unknown
little
origin.
box,
Br.
bouiU
0.
Eng. boiste,from
which
is the
Gr.
Fr.
Trv^iSa.
G.
; the
from
is
boiste,Med.
Heuce
also
box, G.
boyst,
(bossida),
buxida
Lat.
Eng.
Sc.
early
bosca.
residence.
Norse
bothar,
bod, bos,
bild',Ger.
lane,
bude
(A. M'D.),
street
; Skr.
botrumaid, a
botul, a bottle,
Ir.
(Lewis),deep
botunn
botus,
belly-worm
; Sc.
meaning
bra, br^th,
a;
; from
"^hravon'''brevon-,
Ir.
;
Hence
Ir.
bot/iar
bd,
go
potel
M.
E.
Origin
hro,
Skr.
bow-legged
g.
Eng. booth,
bothie.
(Con.),bothar,
'i-^i]v,
went,
Gr.
; from
Eng.
;
E.
Ir.
l3aLvo),
E.
botn.
bot, bott,
of
like
(Murray).
unknown
br6n,
bottle.
Norse,
bottes, pi. of
grdvan:
Eng.
butrais.
water
batts.
quern,
brabhd-chasach,
W.
buideul,
butas, house
be.
bhu,
; root
bbihar, "^bdtro-,"^bd-tro-,root
go
; Lit.
*buto-
; Lit.
girnos
mill-stone,
Eng.
quern.
brabhdadh,
(A. M'D)
brae,
curve
of
as
brabhtalachd,
talk,
before
haughtiness
breaking,
(Carm.)
reindeer
45
LANGUAGE.
bravado
Eng.
waves
(Carm.),
horn
idle
bravado,
; from
GAELIC
THE
OF
branch
bellow,
deer-
or
words
in broc-ach, -lack.
see
:
bracach, grayish, braclach, brake
braich, malt.
brach, rot (vb.) ; see
brachag", a pustule ; from
Also
brachan, pvitrefaction.
brachd, putrescence, fat, rich :
bradach,
thievish, braid, theft, Ir. bradach, thievish, roguish,
E,
Ir.
broit,
braite
g.
br-ont-, root
Scarcely from
Ir.
bradan, salmon,
braddn, E.
Ch.
SI.
bradan,
wade
brozda,
ridgy
metaphorically
bradhadair,
braghadair,
brag (Lewis), a
bragaireachd,
bragh,
from
etc.
Lit.
bradd, water,
of
Cf.
q.v.
of
the
body
Eng.
(Hebrides).
fire
Possibly
crackling.
braghadaich,
braJc.
creeking noise, Norse
Ir. bragdireachd,
boasting,
the
(H.S.D.)
word
above
bragh,
vain
; from
fur,
Cf.
surface
the
on
from
sudden
Lat.
carry,
bratan.
blazing fire,kindling
boaster
bher,
Ir.
brath, betray ^
to
through.
tumour
allied
*mraddo-,
from
bragaire,
brag.
f^p6yxo"^,w^indpipe, Eng.
(Stokes' Diet.), refers it to the root
Gr. (pdpvy^,Eng. 'pharynx.
of Norse
barki, weazand,
Brdghad
of brdighe.
is really the
gen.
from
Sc, Eng. braxy.
bragsaidh, braxy ;
Ir. mraich,
E.
Ir.,
W., Cor.
braich, malt, so
brag, Br. bragezi,
collar,
M.
G.
H.
bronchitis.
krage,
neck
Gr.
Bezzenberger
Gaul,
germinate,
merkti, macerate,
fade, marcidus,
(Plin.),genus
brace
mdrka,
flax-hole
decayed,
rotten.
for
farris
steeping
From
W.
^mraki
g.
noose
to
hostage,
Eng.
I. E.
crank,
prisoner,
Ger.
gregh,
neck,
also
dialectic
captivity,
braighdeach, horse-collar,
brdghad.
Also
braid.
as
M.
braig,
chain
E.
Gr.
Lit.
marcere,
bragod,
Eng. bragget.
braid, theft ; see bradach.
braid, horse-collar
brdighdeach.
; see
braighde, captives, pledges, Ir. brdighe, pi. brdighde,
bragat,
Lat.
comes
Ir.
braga,
jSpoxos,
braigdech,
older
brdigtech ;
from
46
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
braighe,
also
which
place
in
appears
is the
this
part (ofplaces):
upper
nom.
hraghad,
Bra^d-Albainn,
as
names,
of
case
Braid-
albane.
of
Sc.
bruilze, Fr.
braodhlach.
See
hrouille.
(Perth).
noise
braithlis, M.
Ir.
ale,
Ir.
Jwaichlis, from
hraich.
bras,
braist,
braithlin,
the
; from
linen
sheet,
"
means
seems
bramasag',
t bran,
raven,
for
but
vrana
not
gra,
Cor.
gera,
Used
Ir., W.
0.
brang", a slip of
the jaw
on
branks,
two
in
wooden
Br.
Gr.
branndaidh,
Slav,
bran,
W.
crow
raven,
gavranu,
further
ye/oai/o?,
and
river
is
root
W.
crane,
and
names.
Eng.
from
are
halter, resting
horse's
brangas,
and
pieces, brank,
Ir.
root
Br.
of
Br.
The
whence
head-stall
the
M.
The
(H.S.D.)
thistle
Ir.,and
C,
M'E.
broman.
crow,
done.
personal
brenn
0.
cf.
usually
Eng. crane,
in
of
bran,
is
brathi
but
impertinent.
pillory ;
mouth), a
bridle
to
fetter.
pillory,Du. prang,
Eng, brandy,
brandy ; from
pranger,
Cor.,
braim,
head
which
collar
side
W.
bulky,
gros,
dialectic
breun,
W.
bren, bran,
; horse's
head
Fr.
of
bra7i,
much
bran,
wood
; also
prickly
with
whence
cry,
from
bran,
Ir.
(do.),as
garan.
bran, bran,
Devil
the
gvrand,
Fr.
"^brath + ltn;
"^brand,
Ir.:
the
clott-burr,
bras, great,
grossus,
boor," bromdnach,
be
to
Ir.
Eng.
so
suggests plai-linn.
braman,
misadventure,
hromdn
; Lat.
*brasso-
grossus,
brooch
M.
man,
that
bridle
allied
brand
"
is
the
from
with
to
or
Sc.
Ger.
burnt
wine."
branndair,
braodag, a
braodhlach,
borrowed
with
a
also
Sc.
(Perth)
from
the
Ir.
to
connect
it
brand, burn,
etc.
loud
noise,
from
Ir.
braoilleadh,
Sc, Eng.
brawl,
broil.
broileog, breiledg.
Sc.
brawlins,
Gaelic.
from
word, seemingly
brulye, Eng.
whortleberry,
brylocJcs,comes
brander,
braoileadh,
brawling,
confused
Sc.
from
(Hend),
huff
rattling
braoileag,
gridiron
with
Gr.
?
;
cf.
(dpeXia,or
Eng.
with
brine.
Lat.
The
rigare,
THE
OF
GAELIC
LANGUAGE.
derives
it from
root
Eng. rain, is unsatisfactory. Stokes
ver
{^QQfearthuinn),"^vroen,but unlikely.
flexuosum.
braonan, praonan,
an
earth-nut, bunium
Perhaps
"a
from
bead, nut."
hraon, a drop
bras, brais, active, rash, Ir. bras, E. Ir. bras, W.
brys, haste :
"
"^brsto-,I.E. gredh-,
brasailt,
from
(M'A.)
panegyric
0.
Ir.
in greas,
as
E.
and
W.
bras, great,
braishach.
See
Eng. gross.
brat, a mantle, Ir. brat, 0. Ir. bratt, W.
broz, petticoat, "^bratto-,*brat-to-.
breid.
Ag. S. bratt, pallium, is
bratach,
Hence
bra
the
tag,
furry
from
one,"
tense).
brath, judgment,
so
Gaul,
W.
Gr.
to
breith
of
"^brdter
Ir.
the
by
mantled
derivation.
brath, treason,
bras, Br. barat, 0.
and
Br.
raairned, treachery.
in abair.
; Lat.
frdter
preab,
form
of
the
or
briba,
alms
The
ment,"
Judgbreut,
I. E.
from
Ir.
"
M.
leather,
allied
0.
imaginary.
brawd, pi. brodyr,
breur, breuzr, pi. breudeur,
Fr.
the
word.
Ir
to, 0. Fr.
; also
Br.
is
following
of
patch
from,
"
pi. bredereth,
Ir.
Celtic.
Ir.
theorisings, and
brdthair, 0. Ir. brdthir, W.
kick,
breaban,
"
;
"
Druidic
"
to
broder,
root
the
from
barn, judge,
say," as
and
be
hence,
barri, judgment, are
compared
may
Hence
also
breath
"/)piv,
or
soul, phrenology.
cfipeves,
The
in
the
sense
conflagration
('^brt-),
given
q.v.
sense
is due
Cor.
Ir.
M.
*brdtu-
brathair, brother,
breab,
brat, braiit,see
root
"
Diet,
cloth, Br.
bratu-,
and
grossus,
afiapTavo)
mearachd.
in the
bher,
woollen
borrowed
; Gr.
Cf.
For
="
W.
*mrato-
hrat,
brethyn,
caterpillar,Ir. bratbg,
grass
"
Cf. caterpillar
dow^ny cat,"
brat.
also,
; cf. Lat.
bras
flag.
or
brath, information,
mrath
Br.
bribeur, mendicant,
and
briberesse,female
; cf. Ir.
vagabondage
harloting
preabog, a wenching jade
French.
bribe
from
the
is
(O'B.). Eng.
breac, speckled, so Ir., E. Ir. brecc, W. brych, Br. breech, small-pox,
^mrhko-s, *mrg-ko-, root
mdrgas, speckled, pied ;
mrg
; Lit.
Gr. dfxapvcra-o),
twinkle.
There
0. Ir. mrecht, W.
is an
brith,
of like
meaning
and
W.
origin, viz
brech, and
breac, small-pox,
breacan, plaid, Ir. breacdn,
regards W. as borrowed
breac-shianain, freckles
W.
from
mrk-to,
breac,
brecan,
Irish.
rug
from
virg-to-.
trout, W.
; from
Hence
brithyll.
breac.
Rhys
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
breacag,
W.
pancake,
hrg-ko-^brg^
as
slice
Jjrechdan,
*?
bread
bairghin,
in
bread
of
and
(Ilev.Celt.
butter,
^'^102). See
hreachdan.
breachd, seizing
breachdan, custard
=
heireachd.
(Lb.),M.
br^agh,
fine,
breig, brig
bredgh,
(Ir.J.
Breg.
t breall, knob,
Tir
breaman,
braim,
of
or
from
Ir.
breagh
breaghda
or
Bregian^
"
D.
G.
in
of
Lisniore
breyl,
bristle.
breall
Ir.
breall,
Hence
bod
(Glenmoriston).
goat, podex ; cf. Ir. breim, by-form
=^
of
q.v.
mischief, misbap,
breamas,
mentulse,
sbeep
hrithog ;
119).
roll, W.
See under
breac.
brith, motley,
Ir. breagha (O'Cl.),'^breigavo-s,
root
No.
glens
M.
brigh, q.v.
in
as
hrechtdn,
mixed.
Ir.
Devil
the
an
vowel
form
of braman?
brwyd, braid,
breisleach, confusion, delirium,
Cf.
W.
breaghaslach (Lb.)
Gr.
in
^/o^^v,mind
as
mind,
Murtheimme
; etc.
breitheal,
confusion
breathal
breith-,
%
Cf.
breisleach
^'bret, "^bhre-t
E.
Ir,
Breslech
; Skr.
bhrti-
(O'R.,
;
bhre,
M6r
brislech, "overthrow."
Ir.
nightmare,
from
Fol. ),
root
so
Ir. and
bher,
of mind
bear
E.
;
; from
see
Ir., ^brti-s
Eng.
beir.
breith-,as
in
breisleach.
Also
preathal.
breitheanas, judgment, Ir. breilheamhnus, E. Ir. brithemnas
\ from
the
is added
britheman, to which
brithem, a judge, stem
termination
abstract
-as
( astu-). From
britheamh, q.v
breo, breoth, rot, putrefy :
or
breochaid, any tender
fragilething (M'A.) ; from breo.
breocladh, clumsy patching, breoclaid, sickly person : bre6dh +
clad
( cail of buacAa^7). See brebite.
breoite, infirm, Ir. breoite,breodhaim, I enfeeble
(Keat.), *brivodcf. W.
briw, break, *brivo-, possibly allied to Lat. frivolus.
breolaid, dotage, delirium
; cf. breitheal, etc.
and
OP
breug,
briag,
0.
hreMg^ hreag,
lie, Ir.
49
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
Ir.
"^hrenkd
hrec,
Skr.
hraen, Br.
breun, putrid, so Ir., E. Ir. hren, W.
*hragno-^ foul, from root, hreg^ brag of braim.
*mrak-no-
it from
7iiarcidus,rancid,
Lat.
^bregno-^
Straclian
braich,
in
as
takes
q.v.
briagail, prattling :
0.
Ir., "^bretrd (0. Ir. is fem. ; G. is
briathar, a word, so Ir. and
Bezzenablaut
to bra- of brath, q.v.
by analogy T),*bre,
mas.,
O.H.G.
refer
it to
chweran, sigh (see gerain)
berger would
G. chrdjan, Eng. croiu.
and
to 0. H.
even
brib, a bribe, Ir. brib ; from the Eng.
brcac.
names
bricein-, a prefix to certain animal
; from
Ir.
brideach
fbrideach, a dwarf
(Arm., Sh.),
(Lh., O'B.). See
brideag,
little
"bride,"
which
little
brideag", a
on
the
Brighid
part
brideun,
is due
the
in
little
list
which
jaw,
of the
formed
by
eve
maidens
of
gives
it
figure
Proper
H.S.D.
of
Names.
of
meaning
of
for
the
Bridget
as
latter
made
See
purposes.
gives brida^,
Shaw
reproduces
St.
divination
for
the
the
influences.
Eng.
to
Ir. brideag,
woman,
Saint's
also
Shaw
woman.
brideag.
meaning)
ingly
seem-
words.
analogy
M'A.) :
brig mhoine," a pile of peats ; cf.
Norse
tablet, piece, Eng. brick.
brlk, square
Ir. brig, W.
Ir. brigh, 0.
brigh, pith, power,
bri, dignity, rank,
Cor.
Br.
bri, respect, "^'brtgd,
bry,
"^brtgo- Gr. f3p2 (^piap6"^,
jri,
strong, mighty, Ppifxr](c long), strength, anger
; Skr.
on
two
foregoing
"
',
jrat/as,
overpower,
berger
may
be
extent
suggests
Ger.
the
root
from
krieg,
bri
I.E.
an
war,
above.
root
breg, brag
But
from
breall,
breimein,
cf.
Norse
q.v.
side
form
brimill,
of
phoca
mas.
50
ETYMOLOGICAL
briollag,
for
brionglaid,
brionn,
br
The
G.
(Sh.) ; Ir. brionn, dream, reverie.
brion-lag. See next.
Ir. brionngldid, a dream
confusion, dream,
; from
In
lie.
the
of
a
dream,
sense
wrangling,"
Scotch
Gaelic
is purely a
from
word,
Sc, Eng.
illusion
an
seems
DICTTONARY
"
long laid
brangle,
brionnach,
of like
pretty
beautiful
force.
(M'F.),
matron
woman,
young
fair
by
made
folk-etymology
(Gaidoz).
briosuirneach, ludicrous
; cf.
Ir.
^brt-to, "^br-t,root
Breatnaich
happy.
bris, break,
O.H.G.
or
so
Ir.
as
with
agree
brios, mockery,
in Lat.
foreigners
and
of
Ag.
stammerer
the
to
is
stammerers
S.
berstan, Eng.
^berso-s, short,
root
f^apfiapos,
Gr.
briot
I break,
brissim, "^bresto,
brestan, break,
Eng. biscuit^
brisg, brittle
etc.
barbarus,
reference
brindled,
now
Britons
Ir., 0.
to
bar, ber, as
I stammer.
fSepfSepc^o),
name
scarcely
bres, bhres
burst,
Fr.
briser,
G.
bearr.
Distantly allied to
BrugGaelic
the
has
to
QfT-irkpOoi,
mann
compared
destroy, from
bherdho-, giving a Celtic stem
brd-to-, and brd-co- for brisg.
bres
root
brisg, brittle, Ir. briosg, E. Ir. brisc, Br. bresq : "^bres-cobreak.
',
of bris
above.
brisc,
W.
brysg
; all
from
the
Eng.
brisk^
of
xxx.).
origin (Johansson,
Norse
and
from
brjosk, cartilage, bris, Sw.
brisgein, cartilage;
Dan.
bj-usk ; Ger.
brausche, a lump (from a bruise).
brisgein, brislein, white tansy ; from brisg, brittle.
britheamh,
a
judge, Ir. breitkeamh, 0. Ir. brithem, g. britheman;
root
brt-, of breath, judgment, q.v.
broc, a badger, so Ir., E. Ir. brocc, W., Cor,, broch, Br. broc^h,
"^brokko-s
bherk, bhork, bright,
one"; root
*bork-ko-, "grey
:
cfs.
Gr. (fiopKos,grey.
Lit. berszti,Eng. bright ?
Thurneysen
Fr.
broche
the
Lat.
broccus, having projecting teeth, whence
(from Lat. "^brocca,a spike, etc.),a spit, Eng. broach, brooch-,
his snout, and
named
from
broccos
the badger was
he thinks
the
Fr. brochet, pike, as
he
instances
parallel by derivation
and
analogy. If Gr. PpvKO), bite, is allied to Lat. broccus, the
be the "biter," "gripper."
rather
underlying idea of broc may
Scandinavian
Zeit.
THE
OP
Russ.
Bezzenberger
borz
suggests
^brokko-s, from
or
51
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
barsukil,
Turk,
"^bhrod-ko-s,Skr.
porsuh,
bradhnd,
Magyar
dun.
Ir.
the
face, speckled,
brocach, broc, W. broc,
brocach, greyish
from
broc.
grizzled,roan
;
brochan, gruel, porridge, Ir. brochdn, 0. Ir. brothchdn
; broth-chdn,
bru^ I. E. bliru^ whence
*broti-^ cookery ; root
Eng. broth^
in
Lat.
defrutum,
See
must.
with
bhreu^ bhru,
; root
G.
bhrou,
bruith.
broz-do-
from
0.
brod,
the
"
choice
excess."
; from
anything
of
Cf.
bhreu
bro.
brochan
in
as
H.
S.
board..
brath,
broz, Br.
G.
brort, edge,
brord, sting,
above,
the
Cor.
in
the
Norse
of
sense
corr.
lu
etc.
the
Arran
From
origin.
find
(Sc.)we
the
Eng.
proud.
nether
Norse
for various
brokr,
compounds
garments
; from
Ag. S. broc, pi. brec, Eng. breech, breeks (Zimmer, Zeit. xxx.).
See
briogais.
awl
Sc.
Cf.
W.
brog^, stimulate, an
brog, prog.
procio,
; from
thrust, poke,
takes
from
M.
G.
from
and
Sc.
E.
prokien,
Fr.
stimulare.
Lat.
broche,
^brocca
Thurneysen
(see broc).
"
Hence
from
the
Eng.
broider, embroidery.
fbroig'heal, cormorant,
broighleadh,
bustle
Ir.
broighioll:
Sc.
; from
It.
broglio. See
broighleag, whortleberry
see
broigileineach, substantial
see
braoileag.
broigeil,a
; from
by-form
of
brogail ;
brogach.
broilein,king's
broilleach,
see
brulye
braodhlach.
hood
pig's snout
breast, Ir.,
E.
Ir.
(Badenoch)
brollach
root
"^bron-lach
brow
bhru,
; for
"^bron,
bruinne.
broineag,
rag,
^from
ill-clad
the
broinnag^ M'F.
female, bronag,
root
as
above.
of
bronn,
crum
distribute.
(Dialectic);
Shaw
sibly
pos-
spells
it
52
Dictionary
Etymological
bosom
of
used
hru
dialectically as
cf. G.
be
to
properly
meaning)
appears
dat.
hru.
see
broit, the
the
from
breast
covering
bruin7ie, breast.
on
brolaich,
incoherent
(as
talk
brolamas,
(D.
mess
C.
sleep), brolasg,
in
W.
garrulity, Ir.
hrol, boasting, Eng.
brawl,
Ph.) (Glenmoriston) ;
Mc.
root
same
as
brollach.
bromach,
brochan,
in
as
Ir.
colt,
Eng. Qva-bryo
bron, grief,Ir.. 0.
q.v.
bromach
W.
bron,
brwyn, smarting,
Pol.
zgryzota,
bronnaim,
E,
"^bhrud-no-,
bryti,
Ir.
I. E.
G.
^brugno-s
grduiiii, gnaw,
sorrow,
; Lit.
bhrud
root
(cf.
bronnagh
brondaim,
Gr.
Ag,
S.
deal
bryttian,
brut, chop
Lat.
perhaps,
out, Norse
"cutter"), brytja,
steward,
ra/xtas,
brittle, Teut.
chop, Eng.
teeth
the
M.
bronnaim,
steward
in
as
sorrow,
distribute,
grant,
"^brud-, "^bru,
?
Ir.
Gr.
t bronn,
*brusmo-,
frustum,
bit.
brosdaich,
Ir.
word
stir up,
is from
the
bros-to-, w^hich
brosd,
on
becomes
Lat.
brosd,
bros-
root
remains
or
Low
brosduighim,
of
as
etc.
the
The
Ir.
bhrud,
root
form
brosnaich,
brot,
broth
brot,
broth,
the
discussed
later
0.
Ir.
under
says
done
"
and
bronn,
(especiallyof
also
has
dog)
brost,
to
it is founded
by
cognate
brosne, faggot,
here
being
brosgadh,
Hence
root.
q.v.,
reverts
Stokes
origin
brosdaich.
see
; from
the
This
literary and
is rather
veil, upper
form
and
brod,
with
G.
tion,
stimulabe
may
needle,"
hence
been
suggested.
possibly from the
incite
brosdaich
of
brosnaich.
brosna,
brosgul, flattery,fawning
root
in brosdo-
Teutonic
The
brostugud, inciting.
which
is
or
Ir.
brosso-,
in
as
E.
Eng.
garment,
is
the
best
G.
form
broth.
0.
Ir.
broitene, palliolum
G.
is
by-
of brat.
itch,
Ir.
(rarely)bruth.
broth,
Irish.
*bruto-
see
bruthainn
for
root.
Also
OF
broth,
lunar
bruthainn.
brothag^,
brus
hroch, Ulster
So.
bosom,
bruinne,
of
fold
bru,
bruthaist,
bronn,
g.
Ir.
Ir. broth.
clothes
breast
belly,
brothus,
G.
best
the
"^broso-,root
Ir., 0.
so
"^brus-nos,root
M.
from
E.
breivis,Sc.
brose.
form.
brits,1. E.
breast, Ger.
brjost, Eng.
bru, to swell,
under
brutli, heat,
breast.
Ir.
cf. 0.
the
of
53
LANGUAGE.
brog^h
(Arg.),or
halo
the
GAELIC
THE
Ir.
bhreus
; Teut.
Stokes
lefers
bhrus,
brust.
Gr.
/^pviD,am
E.
Ir.
W.
brond,
bru,
bru
"^briis
breust-, Norse
it
the
to
root
full, iix-fSpvov,
embryo
(whence
bruinne.
See
Eng. embryo), or to Skr. bhrund, embryo.
"^brou-Jco-,I. E. bkric,
bruach, a bank, brink, Ir., 0. Ir. bruach
:
Gr.
6"ppvs,eyebrow, Eng. b7'ow. Lit. bruvis, 0. Ir. briiad,
brow,
Also
(dual).
the
either
bruachaire,
surly fellow,
aireachd, hovering
bruadar, bruadal,
*brav-
or
about
Ir.
dream,
Lit.
or
that
from
Stokes
suggests
briau-na, edge.
hovers
about,
bruach-
Ir.
bruach.
W.
bruadair,
breuddwyd
"^braiid
fraus, fraud
one
border.
bank,
bruth, bruise,
of
root
bru,
bruadal
above.
bruaillean, bruaidlean, trouble, grief ; from
to pieces, gnash (Dialectic): ^bhraud-"o-, Lat.
bruais, crush
fraus,
Eng. brittle.
the root
of britth.
bruan, thrust, wound
; from
*bhroud,
break, Ag. S.
bruan, a fragment ; *bhroud-7io-, from
under
Strachan
bronn.
breostan, break, Eng. brittle,etc., as
also suggests "^bhroucno-, Lett,
the
bruht, crumple, and Stokes
root
of bruth.
briic, seaweed
(Lewis) ;
ashore
cast
Norse
dried
bruk,
heaps
of
seaweed.
brucach, spotted
see
in
the
The
broc.
face, smutted,
Sc.
Ir. brocach
broukit, brooked,
is
of
"badger-like";
uncertain
origin
to
"dim
the
briichd, belch,
W.
bry their
candle
burst
light";
out,
so
from
Ir., E.
brucxich.
Ir.
bruchlag", a hovel
bruchlas, the fluttering of birds going to
rush
bruchorcan, stool bent, heath
; said
a
and
hind,
brudhach,
brudhaist,
brae
brose
briichtaim, eructo,
vomo,
(vb.),brythar (n.).
brugh, q.v.
; from
corc-an,
;
;
see
see
oats, "deer's
bruthach.
bruthaist.
(Sh.) :
rest
to
oats."
be
derived
Also
from
]bru,
bruth-chorcan.
54
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
See
Ir.
The
bruighim
in
appears
O'R.,
and
been
has
it is evidently
roast
compared to Lat. frigo, Gr. cfipvyu),
; but
bad
spelling of bruith.
a
broit,
bruid, captivity, Ir. bi^uid,M. Ir. "^brat,g. braite, E. Ir. ace.
For
^braddd.
root,
bradach.
see
from
bruid, bruidich, stab, goad, Ir. bruidighim : the verb
brod,
goad.
a
bruid, a brute, Ir. brtlid ; from Eng. brute.
bruidheann, bruidhinn, talk, conversation, Ir. bruighinn, scolding
(also bruitheann), 0. Ir. fris-brudi, renuit, W.
speech, a brawl
0.
cyfrau., song,
Br.
Zend
bravati,
speak.
brudin, hospitium
says,
E.
Ir.
connects
He
"quarrel"
gives
board
Eng.
^brodma,
O'Grady
mru,
Ir.
; Skr.
(S.
Gad.
Stokes
Ir.
E.
brudin,
(Z. 33).
bruim-f
word
brii,belly) ; from
to
heur,
switch
Ir.
so
grass,
bru
from
Bruinidh,
Brownie
the
dark
Sc.
; from
from
goblin,
^brus-no,
0.
Eng.
Ir.
term
Cf.
benevolent
the
Brownie,
brown.
be
swell,
bruinne,
the
gives
haughty,
Ch.
Gr.
SI.
the
Norse
grandis,
; Norse
root
Got.
brunjo, breastplate,
gradi,
M.
bron,, Cor.
to
house
farm-
Svart-dlfr
M.
H.
borrowed
bruinneadh,
from
the
brenniat,
front
or
gk
G.
Ir. druis
bronn,
brust, Eng.
I. E.
oneself
grendh,
loftily,
correlated
with
from
bear
brilnne,
Br.
N.
brynja,
vation,
deri-
satisfactoryenough
root
same
vStokes
as
says
the
the
of
coat
first
Teut.
one
is
Celtic.
(Dialectic),0.
^bronjo-,
prow,
(I. E.
brush,
the
M.
Ger.
Usually
G.
byrnie :
Eng. brynie,
from
the
ultimately
above
(I. E. bhru). Indeed
and
given
brjdst,
breast.
Sc.
and
brend,
as
ppkvOvoixai,strut,
Lat.
mail,
W.
bhreus
bhrus,
root
Stokes
breast.
braim-J-heur,a
elves.
bruinne, breast,
bruis,
refers
its worthlessness.
denote
prow
bru,
xvi.)
really is
meaning
says
bruidhen.
as
say
?).
to
which
From
(vulg.);
from
Ir.
Bez.
root
the
bruinech,
prow.
compares
Ger.
of bruinne.
Eng.
brush.
Cor.
grans,
OF
bruiteach, warm
;
bruith, boil, cook,
hru^
I. E.
and
bretv
(I.
ppvrov,
Ir., E.
so
hhru
Eng.
hhreu) ;
E.
Lat.
defrutum,
fragments,
in
brutach, digging,
the
Ir.
From
sgal
bhruto-),
Tlirac.
hi^u,in
Gr.
of
corn
ware,
"^brus,
from
case.
any
broken
bruscdn, brusgar,
refuse
brus,
short
bruth.
digging (N.
of
act
^brutto-, "^bhrud-to-,root
H.
according
%
break
bhrud,
Ir.
See
Ir.
bronn.
^brus, strike,
bruim,
S.
H.S.D.)
to
Slav,
brmnati,
corrum-
radere.
pere,
bruthach,
brae
bruach.
'^brut-acos, root
Sc.
brae
bruthainn,
brout, hot
see
bruith.
bruthaist,
was,
Gr.
similar
bhru,
0.
(fire),
Wider
Br.
brot
Lat.
are
"^brutu-.
For
allied
to
Ir.
budh,
0.
Ir. bu
and
Ir.
Proto-Gaelic
aorist
ecjiv(v long),
e-bhu-t.
Norse
The
root
brwd, hot,
further
but
; from
I. E.
see
on
W.
bruth, fervor,
brose
brow
founded
origin,
Ir.
Br,
Fr.,
of
is
from
bru,
(Murray).
eyelid, brow
6m,
bu,
must
the
beer.
of "^brus
form
I. E.
(Tent, brojyo-.
hrotk
brunsgal, rumbUng
noise; hronn
brusg, a crumb, particle of food,
useless
hruihainn.
see
Ir.
55
LANGUAGE.
"^hruth, heat
from
root
GAELIC
THE
fuit
bhu
bheu,
is
"^bu
; Lat.
tense
Sc.
brose
for
; Skr.
Eng.
root
etc.
from
the
Celtic
bu-t
dbhut,
was
Both
be, etc.
;
;
G.
shows
the
of
the
3rd
t
sing.
aspirate, which
disappeared early.
buol ; from
Lat.
buabhall, unicorn, buffalo, M. Ir. buabhall, W.
whence
(bufalus) Eng. bujfalo.
bubalus, buffalo, gazelle,
Ir.
M.
Ir. buaball, W.
buadhbhall,
buabhall, a trumpet,
bubhall,
bual, bugle
M.
Ir.
Cor.,
Ir.
buabhaiil
corn
buachaill,
; cf. M.
herdsman,
Br.
bugel
; whence
the
Ir.,0.
so
; Gr.
buabhall, horn,
Ir.
f^ovKoXo^,
W.
bual,
further
force
of
bou-corderivation
suffix
the
cf.
-ar,
W.
buwch
bouk-cor-, "cow-offcast,"
or
the
for
Gadelic.
See
bo
W.
bugail,
horn,
"trumpet."
bochaill, buachaill,
cowherd
and
stem
buffalo
cola, at/tivate.
beiizel ; for
the
{^bouJchd),though
properly be
and, possibly, cuir.
the
may
Cf.
Bolchar.
buadhghallan,
buaghallan,
buathbhallan,
probably
it
buathfallan
is
ragwort,
"
buaf-bhallan,
virtue
Ir.
buadhghallan,
bearing wort ?
"toad-wort,"
from
M.
"
buaf,
Ir.
More
toad.
56
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
Lat.
reptile,from
llysiau^r
Ir.
nedir.
Welsh
The
hiifo.
call
"
is
haufanan
"
it
serpent's weed,"
"
mugwort
huadharlann
(Hend.).
?
buaic, a wick, Ir. buaic ; from Eng. wick, Ag. S. weoca
M.
E.
houken, steep in lye,
buaic, bleaching lees, Ir. huac ; from
Lat. type *hucare.
a
Eng. buck, Ger. hauchen
; Fr. huer, from
See
fucadh.
later
form
of Lat.
a
on
buaicneach, small-pox (Suth.) ; founded
bucca,
buaidh,
bucaid,
q.v.
victory, virtue,
Ir., 0.
so
Ir.
personal
boud-,
many
or
Boudicca,
"Victrix")
(cf.
Gaul,
in
root
or
in
as
second
as
booty, Eng.
fits
buaidheam,
buail, strike, so
Pre-Celt.
*boudi-
part
booty,
:
Fr.
biiaid, W.
whether
names,
in
; Norse
0.
budd,
either
byti, exchange,
bud,
the
as
compounds,
Br.
only
initial
Ger.
beute,
(do.).
butin
of
bheud
bhoud,
bautel, beetle
Ag.
S.
See
(Strachan).
'^boudlo-, ^boud,
or
Stokes
gives
the
form
buamastair, a blockhead
:
buan,
lasting, Ir. buan, lasting, fixed, E. Ir. buan :
being,
I.
E.
from
be
Lit.
butinas, being,
'^bu, be,
bhu,
during,"
;
Got.
from
be
Norse
biia,
dwell,
buti,
bauan, etc.
during,
;
"
Stokes
gives
existence.
buana,
G.
who
person
fbuanna, a
buannachd,
mercenary,
profit;
from
buar, cattle, so
:
"^bovdro-
; cf
buvano-s,
buain,
the
his
best
soldier, so
reap,
bann-
bitar, cattle
Lat.
.
bhuvana,
persevere,
on
billetingfrom
Ir.
cfs. Skr.
and
neighbours
can
billeted
seann,
soldiers
Ir., E.
as
lives
(Lewis) (M'A.)
afford
cow
stem
buanaich,
Hence
idle
an
the
booHus.
with
for
a
of
Ir.
irregularly doubled
ban-, miann) 1
Ir.
(Joyce).
tenant
the
Cf.
cow
kind
from
bo,
OF
57
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
bd-drach, "cow-fetter,"
: for
buarach, cow-fetter, Ir.,E. Ir.,buarach
drach
being for ad-rig-os,root rig of cuibhreach, q.v.
fit :
buathadh, a rushing, a mad
Cf.
Lat.
baubor, bay, Gr.
btlb, roar, Ir. bub : onomatopoetic.
fSav^d),
bark, Lit. bubauti, roar,
buban, coxcomb, Ir. buhdn ; cf. Eng. booby.
Lat. bucca
as
on
:
bucach, a boy (dial.)
growing one ;" founded
in the following word,
bucaid, a pustule, Ir. bocbid, a spot, E. Ir. boccdit ; from Brittonic
Lat. buccdtus, from
bucca, puffed cheek
(Eng. debouch, rebuke).
M. Eng. bukyil, Eng.
bucall, a buckle, Ir. bucla, W. bwcl ; from
Fr. boucle, from
Lat.
bucula, cheek-strap, from
buckle, from
"
bucca, cheek,
coulter-neb
budhailt,
budhag,
Origin
*?
bugha, a
buideal,
See
of
bugr,
wall
"
curve,
; from
Sc.
bent-bill
%"
bowall, boal,
(Murray),
straw
root
bud,
which
underlies
Fr.
botte,
boitean.
See
spot by a
bottle, cask,
stream
green
a
in
recess
unknown
bundle
bundle
Norse
from
window-like
bole.
; somehow
Ir.
buideul,
bottle.
botul.
(Lh.f, O'Cl.,
conflagration,Ir. buite,fire,buitealach
bhud
root
bud-do-,
(Lat. fustis, bhud-tis,
(O'Cl.)
idea
the
of
firewood?"
giving
Eng. beetle),
"faggot,
buidhe, yellow, so Ir., 0. Ir. buide ; Lat. badius, Eng. bay.
buidhe, now
buidheachas, thanks, Ir. buidhe, 0. Ir. buide
[W.
will
E.
I.
bheudh
bhudh,
boddaw, please, bodd,
V\,"^budo-,
; Gr.
learn
S.
TrevOojjiaL,
beodan, command,
by inquiry ; Ag.
Eng.
buidealaich,
O'B.), bott
ioY-bid.
the
it to
had
bi, be
be
with
every
gach neach."
buidheann, a company,
0.
Br.
0.
Fries,
bodin,
manus,
kedde,
amlid
"Is
Ger.
is buithi
(9th
one
Ir.
Cent,
0.
; 0. H.
kette,covey
chach
"
glosses); G.
buidhean,
*bodind
do
Ir.
G.
; I.E. g6
Thus
"
"Is
buden,
ought
buidhe
W.
do
byddiUj
go,
drive
; cf. Lit.
gmtas, bird.
6
58
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
"
buidhinn,
of
act
; from
gaining, gain
the
Eng.
win, winning.
bull, effect,
bulid, blooming,
buileastair, a bullace
builionn,
loaf
another
total, entirely ;
C?),which
bhol
bhel,
Gr.
Diez
from
baiieadi.
of
E.
Ir.
has
M.
; from
E.
bolaster=^
bullace.
bolace, now
builin
Ir.
loaf,
form
(M'D., Sh.)
sloe
or
bullace-tree,from
Pre-Celt.
oj^eAeto,help,
oc/)eAo9,advantage,
buileach,
*bel
boil, *bot,
Ir.
use,
suggests
Fr.
"^boulange, ball-shaped
the
as
basis
Fr.
of
boulanger,
baker,
buille, a blow,
so
bMid, beat,
root
allied
*boldja,
beetle
; Ger.
buillsgean,
; the
{Cha
bhuin
bean
confuse
rush
wave,
see
boinne.
buinneag,
root
Stokes
q.v.
M.
boilscedn,
beanaim.
which
G.,
e
Ir.
of
Ir.
The
has
dlumih
and
idea
the
he
Ir.
tide,
water
is
buinnig, winning ;
fbuinnire, a footman, so
buir, buirich, roar, bellow
*bu-ro-,
howl
buq
bukkdras,
boorik,
midriff
boUccn, middle,
is
the
from
verb
bean,
origin
or
to
seems
G.
(Sutli.) (W.
Ross;.
E.
Ir. buinne
busch,
*bus-nid
etc.
Ir. ; from
sole
of the
foot,
I. E.
root
; Skr.
in
gu,
Lat.
lion's
roar,
as
bomc,
geito,
gu,
; Gr.
cry
Strachan
cry.
Norwg.
gives
as
Ir.
G.
free
man,
bu7yess.
language
of
buirleadh,
to
jest, etc.
deluge of
burgess,
folly
See
Ir.
and
bura,
to
buirgeiseach ;
ridicule
bellow,
from
from
Shet.
the
the
Eng.
Romance
burraidh.
buirseach, a
; a rousing fire (Heb.) :
buiseal, a bushel, Ir. buiseul ; from
Eng. bushd.
(Badenoch)
put.
buit, bashful
"fugy," as a fowl ; see
.?
of bdidich
buiteach, a threat
(Suth.) : a form
buidseach
Ir.
tvitch
from
buitseach, a witch, so
Eng.
;
;
rain
"
raitseach."
stem
fSvKrrjs,howling,
Gr.
buccina, horn,
/3odw,
E.
shout
cow.
buirdeiseach,
burla,
buidhinn.
see
Skr.
as
baldas,
relationship
related
to
me),
buinnedn,
twig, sprout,
in
bus, as
Eng. bush, bosky, Ger.
gauju,
bucro-, root
blow,
of
not
buinne,
puinne
stem
stock.
bun,
Also
Lit.
bhud-s-lid;
the
gives
beldzitt,belsti,give
Ir.
bur aim
bus-lid
cataract,
boliia
"
buait,
Lit.
Ir.
to, Ir.
touch
in
as
buille
bidU,
-poltern.
from
bolgdn,
Ir.
to
centre,
buin, belong
buinne,
Ir.,E.
agus
OP
; from
M.
"bools,"
Ger.
pdlas.
bumailear, a bungler
Eng. bumble
; of
bummler,
bun, root,
0.
has
be
; Armen.
suggested
boards.
Ag.
connected
bhudh.
Ir.,
E.
bun
; N.
Ir.
bungle,
(Murray),
bonn,
ultimate
Gr.
for
Pers.
the
bhumis,
Ger,
be
may
Cf.
Ger.
in any
case,
bhu,
stage,
It cannot
bhudh-no-,
is
root
simply bhu,
(n.),Ger.
boil
tribe, Eng.
earth
(Bugge).
biihne,
is
trunk,
stem,
buna-
allied.
there
stem
bun,
"^v\ov,
a
"^voj,
bon,
Zd.
bun,
with
of
root
W.
bun,
connection
swelling, Skr.
bhu,
key,
Dialectic
bummil,
from
origin
swell,
bhu, grow,
with
S.
with
The
be\de, a
hwnmeler,
of
or
lounger.
boned
Rhys
Sc,
parts
onomatopoetic
stock, bottom,
W.
in
two
pot hook
pail handle, round
part
beugan, bend, Eng. bow.
Tent,
; from
59
LANGUAGE.
booh,
l"ool, -i
from
So.
the
Eng.
hilgel,arc
GAELIC
THE
is
grow,
identical
be.
Ir, ; from
of flax, so
hu7i.
bunach, coarse
tow, refuse
Ir.
bundit
bun
+ dit., q.v.
bunait, fovmdation,
from
bungaid, a hussy (Dial.);
Sc.bungy, pettish.
Ir. bunntaiste
bunndaist, a bounty, grassum,
Eng, poundage.
; from
steadiness, bunntam,
bunnlum,
bunntamas,
solidity,shrewdness
:
bun,
from
Cf.
foundation.
Ir.
buntomhas,
well
founded
brunnen.
burrachdadh,
raging
burraidh, a blockhead,
bourrieau, Lat.
burral,
short
burras,
howl,
Ir, burraidh
burrm,
caterpillar:
buir.
so
from
Sc.
burrio
Eng. burlesque,
nonsense,
lamentation,
{^bur-ro- ?),see
Ir. ; for
Cf.
the
(1535), Fr.
etc.
root, which
bururus, however.
is
here
60
ETYMOLOGICAL
burr-,
burt, mockery
a
lie.
; cf.
lisping,warbling, purling
(Skeat). Evidently onomatopoetic.
infant
bururus,
bus,
of
torrent
Burr'sgadh,
borr, great, excessive, q.v.
be
from
Eng. borasco, squall of wind,
passion, may
Sc. bourd, M. Eng. bourd, jest, Fr. bourde,
; from
of
burst
burr'ghlas,
person,
from
etc., seems
rage,
a
burr'caid, clumsy
in
as
DICTIONARY
Eng.
and
purr
purl
mouth,
cheek,
busgadh,
busgaid,
; from
dressing
a
the
(M'D.)
bustle
busk.
Sc, Eng,
; formed
Eng. busy
from
; cf.
Ag.
S.
bku,
be.
business.
bysgu,
root
bothan.
See
the
root
buthainnich, thump, thrash, bang ; from
bhud,
(Eng. beat)1 See next.
thatch
for
cf. sputhainn,
straw
buthuinn, long straw
;
which
from
but
seedless
seems
spoth.
threshed,
(Arg.),
butrais, butarrais, a mess
:
beat
not
c',for
CO,
q.v.
babbling,
words
indented.
The
and
who
Ir.
word
by-form
cia, ce,
to
head,
cab, mouth,
is borrowed
from
E.
q.v.
cabacli,
gap,
English
two
also gab,
gab (M.
gabben, chatter);
gap
Hence
cabach, gap-toothed.
directly from gab of the Sc.
The
latter
form
C^bag", a cheese ; Sc. cabback, kebbock.
(kebbock)
in G. in the sense
G. ceapag,
obsolete
is probably from
a
cepac,
of
"
"a
cheese,"
wheel-barrows
of
kebbock,
cabag.
but
still used
; it is from
and
The
it
real
to
seems
G.
word
comes
cabar,
0.
Lat.
for
G.
the
have
thick
Sc.
ceap.
for
G.
cabhack
cheese"
"a
the
from
is
side
of
form
G.
into
as
mulachag.
now
through
Fr.,
capulum.
is
wheel
Eng.
capro,
wooden
re-borrowed
been
has
(which
exists
as
genuine
W.
ceibr, rafters,
'^caprio,a rafter,
8th
century
word),
OP
Fr.
GAELIC
THE
chevron,
rafter.
goat-lets,was
used
Caprio
for
is from
; Lat.
goat
caper,
beams
two
stays.
cabstar, a bit, curb,
61
LANGUAGE.
meeting
to
capreoli,
support
thing,
some-
props,
cabasdar,
capistrum,
W.
cehystr,
halter, "head-holder,"
from
cabhag", hurry :
cabhlach, a fleet, Ir. cobhlach, cabhlach,
from
'''Iciib,
"^qug.,curve,
boat,
cup,
of
root
; from
kabestr
Br.
Lat.
caput.
E.
Lat.
Ir. coblach
boat,
cymba,
^cob-lach
KcfxfSrj,
Gr.
cabhladh,
cable.
C^bhruich,
bruit
h,
cabhsair,
0.
Fr.
Ir. cabhsa
dry,
snug
calciata
Sc.
from
from
Lat.
caucie, from
cabhsanta,
cabhtair,
cdthbhruith
cdth
from
and
q.v.
causeway,
origin
Ir.
flummery,
sowens,
Eng.
(via).
causey,
from
causeway,
whose
cosy,
is unknown.
the
issue,
an
in
"
0.
kavell, bow-net,
cauuella,
vat,
Br.
excrement,
Lat.
each,
the
Ir.,
so
; Gr.
caco
E.
Ir.
cacc,
; Skr.
KaKKrj
rest, others,
Ir.,0.
Cor.
gdka,
Ir. each,
See
cauyh,
cachliadh
(Arm.),
hurdle
;"
(C.S.).
haba7i, Eng.
cachaleith
g.
quivis,
It has
also
been
capraid.
Br.
'^kakko-
kacli,
W.
pawb,
all, Br.
E.
cachtaim,
Ir.
*kapto-,
caught
hurdle,
explained
as
gate:
wattle.
co
See
also
clialh,
Also
jmp,
Lat.
"co-
cachliag,
cadha-chliath,
"hurdle-
cliath-na-cadha.
gives alternate
pass." Carmichael
Manx
cadee, cotton
cloth, hose
cadadh, tartan
tartan,
Irish
caddow
(16th cent.),an
quilt or cloak; doubtless
work, etc., Fr. cadis,
Eng. caddis, worsted, crewel
serge.
have.
(H.S.D.),
cliath, death,
see
Lat.
caknds.
confined
caeth, slave,
; Got.
from
capon.
(Loth, Ernault).
etc.
cradle
cauell, basket,
Eng.
from
woollen
catas.
*con-tul-, root
cadal, sleep, Ir. codladh, 0. Ir. cotlud, vb. contulim
:
tol ; Ch.
SI. toliti,appease,
placare. Lit. tilas,quiet (Persson).
The
thole.
root
in
tlccth,gentle, Lat.
toierare, Sc.
62
ETYMOLOGJCAL
cadan,
(Sh.)
cotton
the
; from
dialect
usual
DICTIONARY
Eng.
form.
Properly codan,
cotton.
See
For
Ir.
caoi,
way,
cotan.
which
cadds,
is
cotton,
catas.
see
cadha,
cdi,
narrow
pass,
Stokes,
which
Gr.
cio, move,
Ir.
entry; cf.
however, refers
pass,
ci
root
which
derivation
go,
kuo,
the
to
E.
road,
does
Lat.
in
as
Ir.
the
suit
not
Cae
G.
phonetically.
(Meyer).
Ir.
Ir. caog
or
cadhag", jackdaw,
cahhdg, M.
ca-er
; '^ca-6g,the
crier
Cf.
of ca,
of
caw
caw
origin.
Eng.
onomatopoetic
;
;
also chough, from
West
Teut.
kdiva-.
a
cadhag", a wedge (M'A. for Skye) :
Ir. ; cf. Eng. caiv, for possibly
cadhan, wild goose, barnacle
so
goose,
the name
is onomatopoetic.
Corm.
(B) cadan.
the
cud-weed
cadh-luibh,
(Sh. gives cad-luibh, and
O'B.), Ir.
ca.dh-luibh
M'A.
M.
the word
omits
Eng. code, a cud.
; from
;
it is clearly Irish.
The
is its Lat.
G,
is cnamh
lus, which
of
name
cadhmus,
gnaphalium
mould
for
in
folk
etymology.
bullets
casting
Ir
whisper,
sound
cairche,
M.
ccgar,
root
kar,
Ir.
of
Sc.
; from
calmes
caivmy^,
came.
fire
the
Lat.
(O'R.)
cechras, qui
coccur
Krjpv^, herald
Gr.
carmen,
canet,
(Stokes).
dear,
cagaran,
"^con-cndmh
caibe,
0.
spade,
Cor.
caibeal,
caraid.
(M'D.)
0.
cocnum,
Ir.
cocnom
C7idmh.
see
turf
cutter,
Ir.
coihe,
(O'R., Fob),
cuihe
W.
caih,
cep.
chapel
or
Ir.
in
as
dust
(M'D.)
; from
Lat.
The
capella.
G.
really
is
^eiyeal, q.v.
from
Lat.
Ir.
caihidil,
Ir.
Fr.
0.
whence
capitulnm,
E.
caiptel,
W.
chapitre, Eng.
chapter.
word.
See
the next
caidir, cherish, so Ir.
caidreabh, fellowship, affection, vicinity, so
Celtiberian
Contrehia
"^con-treb-
Ir.,
aitreahh,
see
caigeann,
Ir.
caidrebh,
treabh.
*con-cea.nn
from
q.v.
a
mountain
caigeann,
M.
winding
pass
scrimmage
through
pass
rocks
and
cadha-eiginn).
(Dial.
(M'D.) :
=
brushwood,
rough
OF
C^il, condition,
cael,
also
whence
(of wattle
wall
E.
Ir.,
cailc, chalk,
get,
partition
Ir. cdil^ W.
{caileigin),
:
Ir.
W.
cailc,
clay, etc.);
or
Ir.
husks,
calbJi,q.v.
dervish,
cailidear, snot,
calx,
calcis,
star-gazer
from
Pers.
plac7i, girl ;
caileag, girl.
caiJi.
see
the
from
cdth
From
Eng.
calender,
qalander.
eailidhir
(M'F.,
rheum
cdith-lach
Br.
husk.
philosopher,
mendicant
this
cdithleach
cailean,
also
caileadair,
from
chalk.
Eng.
caile, girl,wench,
hussy, E. Ir. cailf ; cf.
Lat. pellex.
Gr. TraXXaK)], concubine,
Usually
comes
qap
Lat.
from
calck;
Ir. caile,
C^ileach,
Lat.
root
have.
capio, Eng.
cailbhe,
63
LANGUAGE.
have,
to
GAELIC
THE
O'R.
8h.).
in
improves
cailideay
into
Ir. cailis
cailis, chalice,
from
cailleach,
old
Ir.
mote,
the
cdim^
caillecli,
Lat.
pallium,
"
veiled
one
;"
from
caill, lose.
stain, blemish
cailis,
Eng.
ninepin.
cane,
Ir. ; from
so
M.
kaiU,
Ir.
Ir., 0.
chalice.
Eng.
cup,
Eng.
from
is from
caillteanach, eunuch,
calix,
kegel, a
so
nun,
caille,veil, which
C^imein,
(M'D.)
Ger.
peg,
wife,
Lat.
from
See
from
call.
ctmi.
caimeineacb,
saving (Carm.) :
caimbleachadh,
caing'leachadh,
restraining
caimir, a fold :
the
from
caimleid, camlet;
Eng.
C^in, a tax, a tribute, Ir. cdin, E.
root
as
qap,
Skr.
call
(do.),
cds
Hence
in
Stokes
Lat.
Gr.
(1);
H.
(7.
refers
it
cabtigare, caatus.
Lat.
cdnus.
cain, w^hite : from
C^in, scold, revile, Ir. cdin,
0.
cdi7i,statute,
the
to
law
root
"^kap-ni-,
M.s-,order,
hazjan,
Got.
praise.
cain.
Sc.
kakyiio
Ir.
(Carm,).
mock
cainb, hemp,
Eng. hemp.
caineal, cinnamon
cinnamon,
cndib,
from
M.
; Skr.
Br.
from
0.
Ir.
scolding
Kay^a^'w, Lat.
lakhati, laugh.
; froni
canap
and
obsolete
amelle,
from
Sc.
Fr.
cdined,
Lat.
^kag-nio
cannatjis, allied
Eng.
Lat.
cannel,
canella,
to
canel,
dim.
of
cane.
canna,
quinquagesima
cainneag,
cainneag,
or
cachimius
laugh,
Kaxa^w,
huohon,
Ir.
M.
mote
hamper
(Skye)
day
from
the
Passover).
etc.
Lat.
64
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
Stokes
cainnt, speech, Ir. caint ; from
gives the
can,
say, q.v.
stem
as
*kan{s)ti, root kans, Skr. casti, praise, from
fams,
Lat.
censeo.
speak,
M.
caiptean, a captain, Ir., M. Ir. caiptin ; from
Eng. capitain,
"
"
Fr.
0.
from
Lat.
capitaine,
head.
capitaneus, caput,
{srathair). Shaw
gives
the
further
meanings
plank, ship, fusee (cairb a' ghunna
chariot
Ir.
The
word
is the
corb, coach.
";
primary
(Rob),
As
which
carbad.
from
stem
carbad, chariot, springs ; see
cairb,
bent
the
of
ridge
cart
"
"fusee"
of
cairbh,
"fusil," i.e.,"musket,"
or
all
tenants'
(Cf.
senses
all due
cairbinn,
"),
the
; from
toothless
person
Ir. cairb.
See
cai^b
See
*carbh,
Lat
see
deer
;
Ir.
or
cored,
weir,
0.
Eng.
(Sh.) ;
cdirde
; cf.
word
W.
stag,
; cf. W.
Gr.
which
Ir
f cairb,
from
Ir.
0.
jaw,
gum,
cairde, pactum.
originally
cairdes
who
Ir.
and
Ir.
from
"
means
ship."
friend-
caraid,
q.v.
from
^carbh-fhiadh.
For
hart, stag.
Cor.
caruu,
Br.
cam
horned.
Kcpaos,
Z.
cdirrfhiadh
carw,
coirighim,
cairem, sutor,
a
cariage
coiriolL
hart
cervus
cairich, mend,
cariage^
and
jaw."
having
Eng.
"Areage
"
corpus
next,
"
fcairfhiadh,
M.
; from
terms
to
allied
above,
See
form
carriage.
now
carabine
cairbinneach,
cairidh,
curtailed
(Dial.);
service
rent
charter
the
service
cairb
; also
carrion
carcase,
and
Cf.
seems
cairbinn.
cairbhist, carriage,
in
it
E.
Ir.
coraigim,
from
arrange,
coir,q.v.
775.
cora,
M.
0.
Br.
Ir.
coraidh
coret,
from
for
cora,
Celtic
g.
korjo,
corad,
I set,
W.
put.
cuir.
Ir. moss,
named
Eng. carrageen,
so
cairgein, sea
moss,
in
Ireland.
This
place name
Carragheen (Waterford),
dim.
of carraig, rock.
M. Eng. cors,
Sc. corrssys
on
cairis, corpse, carcase
; founded
in Blind
corse.
Harry), now
cairmeal, wild liquorice; see carrameille.
from
is
(pi.
OP
cairnean,
GAELIC
THE
egg-shell :
cairt, bark (of a tree),Ir. cairt ;
kertu^ cut, Eng, rend.
cairt, a cart, so Ir.,W. cart ; from
cairt, a card, so Ir. ; G. is from
the
65
LANGUAGE.
an
Fr.
The
carte.
Lat.
cortex
the
Eng.
Sc.
cart.
is direct
which
carte,
modifies
Eng.
; root
the
latter
form
from
into
card.
all from
E. Ir. cairt
Lat.
meant
charta, paper.
They are
"parchment."
carthu, purge,
cairt, cleanse, Ir. cartaighim, E. Ir. cartaim, W.
kar-to-.
The
idea is a
the
root
root
out
;"
ker, kar,
clearing
allied
sker
and
is
in
in
to
especially
ascart,
separate,
sgar.
Late
Lat.
cairteal, a quarter ; from
kvartill,
quartellus, Norse
"
Lat.
fourth,
quartus,
(shoes
gear
auscLiltet
co-etsim, co
Ir.
coisdeacht
natural
most
coisbheart
heart, q.v.
cas-\-
Ir.
boots),
or
result
E.
cdseus, w^hence
Ir.
coistim, 0.
Ir. coitsea,
O'R.
q.v.
w^ould
which
eisd, listen,
with
from
long,
gives
the
seem
the
co-eisd.
cdise,
W.
Br.
caws,
kaoiiz
Lat.
; from
cheese.
Eng.
caiseal, bulwark,
and
Ir.
Ir.
caisel,caissle
; from
Lat.
casteilum.
I say ; Lat.
Ger. sagen.
*seq6,
Eng. say,
C^isg",Easter,
Ir.
Cdisg,
inseque
Ir.
0.
cas,
curled,
q.v.
cose, castigare, W.
\ Gr.
cvveire,
W.
case,
pasc
*kon-
cosp,
say,
evi-cnre,
from
Lat.
dixit
pascka,
Eng. paschal.
denote
responsible
word
Lat.
violent
for
cosair
caisleach,
E.
G.
making
been
has
Eng.
ford, footpath
Ir.
cosair, bed.
and
Ballads,
casair
explained
chrd, bed
cosair
into
as
of blood
The
"
expression
folk-etymology
caisil,bulwark.
co-ster-, root
is
The
ster, strew,
streiv.
sternere,
a
death,
Ir.
M.
blood,
Ossianic
the
in
appears
of
; from
cas-lach, rather
than
cas-slighe,
foot- way.
caislich, stir
caismeachd,
up,
an
M.
; from
cas,
tune.
Ir.
sudden.
The
caismert,
responding
cor-
E. Ir.
cosmert.
caisrig',consecrate
;
caisteal, a castle, M.
whence
see
Ir.
coisrig.
castel,E.
Ir. castiall
; from
Lat.
casteilum,
Eng. castle,
7
66
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
C^iteach,
rush
sheet
the
W.
trout
cat,
called
was
from
Sc.
wool,
caddis,
floss
silk
lint
cat,
in
(M'A.
(M'L.).
In
rag.
for
For
Irish
(Giraldus).
for
the
(M'F.)
stoppage of wounds
Eng. cadas, caddis, cotton
wounds,
for
trouts
barley
piece, Sc.
catus
for
hold
to
cditeach, winnowing
cath.
basket
(Sh.), a place
cf.
Ir.
corn,
from
(H.S.D.),
bit
first sense,
Lat.
measuring
caite, winnowed,
caiteag, a small
Islands), basket
the
for
mat
; from
M.
0. Fr. cadas.
padding, from
caiteas
ssiw
dust, scrapings (M'D.).
of cloth, shag, Ir. caitin, catkin
of the
caitein, nap
The
cat.
cotton
caddis, catkin, and
Eng. words
for
See
G.
catas.
mixed
as
up
basis
the
of
shaggy
caith, spend, cast, Ir., 0.
G.
the
and
Ir. words.
little
osier,
be
to
seem
Cf.
W.
ceden,
hair.
Skr.
Qatayati,
fall, wearing
Ir.
root
AUied
gat.
I consume,
castaway
down,
cast
sever,
out,
caithim, *katj6,
the
to
cath,
of
root
to
war.
reim,
refers
to
Lith.
E.
shout,
the
root
Ir.
{*rec-m
req
This
r^m.
last
word
Ch.
"^rec-s-m),
or
SI.
Strachan
rek(}.,
speak,
rekiu.
caithris, night-watching
:
Ir.
C^I, kail, cabbage,
cdl, W.
caulis,
stalk,
cawl.
whence
Cor.
likewise
Br.
caul,
; from
(colewort)
cole
Eng.
kaol
Lat.
and
Sc.
kail.
cala, caladh,
correlate
this
are
with
Windisch),
neysen,
Ir.
harbour,
borrowed
It.
and
from
cala,
Fr.
Stokes
Romance
M.
caladh,
Ir. calad.
cale, bay,
even
It
"^calatum.
usual
(Diez,
cove
the
says
is
G.
and
to
Thur-
Ir. words
It. calata,
cala,
Fr.
cale, cove.
calendce, the
calaman,
calanas,
dove
Calends
; the
of
spinning
distafl".
See
form
common
wool
must
instances
be
the
of the
literary colum.an,
founded
seemingly
on
Lat.
q.v.
coins,
cuigeal.
month.
first of the
or
"
Aoineadh
Calf
of
Mull
Ir.
as
a' Chailbh
; and
Calf
calb
from
-,
meaning
Mhuilich,"
is
common
"
Lat.
calva,
promontory,"
which
surely
name
for
GAELIC
THE
OF
such
subsidiary
isles
with
Lat.
calvaria
calbh,
calva,
osier
shoot,
tree, E.
Ir.
calbh, gushing
Ir.
wand
water
hazel
; see
(H.S.D.)
blood
or
(St.Lee).
twig,
colba^
of
Norse
from
"
67
LANGUAGE.
from
above
W.
O.
colginn, aristam,
caly, penis,
; Got.
stunted
knife
halks,
The
etc.
; further
poor
sting,
corn,
^holgo- ; Gr.
is Lat.
Caledonian
koXoPos,
hero
break
direct,
derives
sword-
"
straight" to a place.
call, loss, Ir. caill,E. Ir. coll,W. coll, Cor. colled, jactura, M.
coll,*koldo- ; Eng. halt, Got. halts, 0. H. G. halz, lame
;
above
in
calg, q.v.
qel,as
callaidh
(M'A., also Sh., who
calla, callda, tame,
gives
"active"
meaning
Lat.
the
form)
last
; cf. W.
call, wise
the
the
black
guillemot,
diver
Eng. quail,
; compare
caille.
^coll
Calluinn,
Jan.,
Year's
New
W.
E.
Ir.
calan.
Ir.
Day,
the
callaind,
Calends
calldin. Calends,
; from
celfydd, skilled, 0.
compared
I.E.
M.
Br.
hazel,
-I- tann.
month,
root
; from
tallaid, q.v. %
as
callaid, a partition, fence ; the same
callaid, a wig, cap (M'F.) ; from Eng. calotte,skull-cap.
callan, a noise, Ir. calldn, calldich ; from Eng. call 1
calltuinn, hazel, Ir., E. Ir. coll, W. collen. Cor. coil-widen.
hasl, Eng.
corylus ; Norse
quel-vezenn, *koslo- ; Lat.
calm,
calm,
Br.
callidus
callag, calltag,
Fr.
to
see
Calgacos
calg-dhireach,
Hence
of
is
root
The
hence.
name
cola, beard
(do.), *kalgo-,
main
cladh.
claidheamh,
his
calc'h
Br.
W.
root
with
is
Br.
that
qel, as
in
colbh
Ger.
Lat.
; from
calma.
celmed,
in
first
day of the
first
Calends, particularly the
Lat.
calendce
(Eng. Calends).
efficax.
held, hero,
Cf.
or
Lat.
W.
The
columna,
etc.
*haleth
celsus,high, columna,
or
cal
is
^calet.
column,
to
be
The
Eng.
excel.
bonus
also
pes
(Corm.),
Eng. calf.
68
ETYMOLOGICAL
calpa, principal
the
landlord,
calum,
E.
on
W.
crooked,
Gaul,
It
Ir. cam^
It
0.
wind
has
been
camag,
of the
a?'a," 0.
Ir.
Skr.
to
aire^
the
W.
Lat.
to
Br.
kam^
bond
root
Lit.
of
Gr.
whence
ca7nera,
Eng.
bay.
Ir. camog-ara^
eye,
hard
/a/,
cam^
the
to
arach^ tempus
g.
'D.) ; from
caladh, hard,
Koixf^o^s,
a
band,
club, camas,
above
stone.
c^ild,
ccmim,
referred
chamber.
hollow
in
obsolete
Ir.
; Gr.
camag-gharuidh,
payable
crooked
a-Kafxfio^i^
Hence
the
not
Br.
cathlum
helle, hallr
kemh^
door-bar.
is
0.
Norse
one-eyed,
cainho-^ root
kinge,
(H.S.D.
caled,
Iiallus,stone,
calpa, death-duty
callus.
Ir. caiad^
Got.
cam,
the
callum,
Lat.
N.
from
hardness
Sc.
interest,
to
set
DICTIONARY
"
the
bend
Trapeid,cheek.
; Gr.
wry-neck :
quarrelsome disputation (M'D.) :'
1
talkative
in adhan
camhach,
; *com-ag-ach, root
ag
camhal, a camel, Ir. ccmihall, E. Ir. caviail, W. camyll
camart,
camastrang,
; from
Lat.
cainelus.
camhan,
hollow
Lat.
break
"
anaich,
camlag,
sing,
say,
Lat.
M.
Ir.
(do.);
cana
down,
^qonak-.
Ir.
canain, language,
canal,
canan,
cana
the
root
the
stair,
(M'A. sgamh-
see
the
; from
Br.
kana
(O'B.), whelp,
Ir.
canach, lanugo
kdncanas, golden,
*casnaka,
to
Lat.
;
a
cdnus,
hare.
Eng.
Seemingly
See
cry.
camp.
; Skr.
it
grey,
sing,
cdna
caiiach, 0.
cdnainhuin.
; from
canister
cani"
yellow
hasu,
Eng.
cmnber.
ca7ia,
(O'R),
refers
caineal.
cannon
S.
sing,
qan,
cinnamon
a
from
hen.
cana
Ir.
Kvrjiws,
Stokes
W.
Eng.
Lat.
from
the
Eng.
cummar,
Ir.
cotton,
(*casno-),Ag.
white
; from
canim,
Kavct^w
KVTJKos, thistle,
plant
Ir.
whale,
young
mountain
Gr.
0.
; Gr.
sing
Sc.
; from
canaim,
Ir.
caiio^
pup,
Ir. camhaoir
Ir. campa
Ir., M.
camp,
porpoise,
of
day, twilight,
of
vexation, grief
canach,
campa,
cana,
Cavan)
(County
lights") :
curl
campar,
can,
cabhdn
cavus.
camhanalch,
camp,
Ir.
plain,
long-vowel
form
cainnt.
Eng.
the
Eng.
can,
so
Ir., E.
Ir.
cann
; from
Eng.
cannach, pretty,
; ^cas-no-, root, qas,
S.
hasu, grey, Eng. haze^.
nus), Ag.
kind
Lat.
candtdus, white,
Skr.
cand,
shine.
ca7i.
Lat.
Or
it
white
cdnus,
may
be
(cas-
allied
to
OF
canntaireachd,
wrangling, grumbling,
cantor,
cano,
caoch, empty
Cor.
0.
(as
cuic,
Lat.
Ir. comichldiin
Ir.
Ir., 0.
so
can,
the
is also
; from
of
mn
unusual,
oftener
than
it
for
actually
and
once,
Chaluim-chille,
Ir.
Ir.
caech,
W.
Ir.
caochluighim,
claoidh.
see
but
the
as
appears
inversio
The
tion
aspira-
history
of the
claemchl6d
in
word
Ir.
E.
claochladh.
(Sh )
wort
foolish,
cony,
haihs, one-eyed.
claochlddh,
John's
St
niuto
unusual,
is
caip, cdep,
imchloiid, iinchload,
cloim,
mib
Ir.
E.
coep,
; Got.
caecus
coem-chloim
co-imm-cloim
of
caod
from
jecur.
oo,
nut), blind,
*kaiko-s
M.
caoh, clod,
Ir. caebb
Ir. cantlamh
ing,
sing-
sing.
Ir. carinrdn
muttering,
(Sh., M'L.),
Ir.
bite,
clot, lump,
0.
sing.
say,
caob,
Lat.
; from
cantaireachd,
Ir.
chanting,
music,
singer
69
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
articulate
cdntaire,
C^nran,
THE
caog^,
apparently
cock
Eng.
from
in caoin,
ploro, "^keio, root
qei, which
appears
Eng. ivhine, ivJiisper,etc.
Bezzenberger suggests
compares
Lit
derivation
former
Ch.
szeptis, grimace,
of Stokes'
SI.
in Lat.
root
Pray?', 26) : "^qe^^i,
qes as
caoilleaD, a twig or osier for wicker, M.
by
in
"^keipOy and
o-sipnati,
repeated
is
and
q.v.,
raucescere.
Rhys
{Manx.
questus.
Ir.
coelack
from
caol,
slender.
caoimheach,
neighbour
The
be
to
see
latter
caoimhDeas,
bedfellow
from',
seems
kindness.
from
word
is
koi,
the
might
exterior
kei
Ir.
of
Bezzenberger
sinati, gleam
shine
caoin,
and
so
folk
oi
q.v.
be
vtn
kind,
cam,
caomh,
compares
If the
forth.
com-aithech,
friend,
by, caomh.
supposed by
it is really
root
coibnes, affinitas,"^co-ven-estu-,
Ir., 0.
Ir.
bedfellow.
influenced
or
This
E.
base
fine,
etymology
allied
[W.
beautiful
Stokes
to
O.
cam
Ir.
%\ :
base
as
Gr.
Katvva-Oai,excel,
Ch.
idea
were
v.
gives
"
beauty," Eng.
compared.
surface
of
sward
; from
70
ETYMOLOGICAL
caom,
deflebunt,
Ir.,
so
weep,
DICTIONARY
Ir.
0.
cdinim,
cdinim,
cuinhaunt,
W.
Br.
blaze,
sparks, a coal,
{^koiro-),Teut. root hai
0.
clearness,
More
of
stream
hoar
Eng.
queiniff^ "^koinio
couen,
near
H.
G.
kirikd, sparkling.
has
clear,
caoirean,
plaintive
The
also
been
skei
root
in
^eicT,atmospheric
; also
song
orse
heat
of
Ir.
Skr.
Skr.
ketus, light.
kirdna,
Got.
shine,
Eng.
ray,
skeirs,
peat ember.
(H.S.D.).
caoi-ran, moaning
suggested,
is caoidh
word
E.
Hes.),
(lamp,
Kipts
cder, ^kairo,
Ir. caor,
Gr.
are
caoran,
the
forms
The
latter
'''koilohollow
of
Lett,
',
kails, naked
caol
Hence
cum,
ham.
cuf,
caomhach,
firth
E.
Ir.
kolXos,
Gr.
Kyle.
or
coeldn,
cf. Ir.
debonnaire,
rest,
/cei/xat,
The
0.
save,
last
W.
coilion, exta
form
nank,
verb
may
from
caomh
caonnag,
Skr
to
have
the
of
present
strife, tiunult,
*kaiH-no-,
berry
bacca,
the
same
the
red
root
of
W.
the
The
etc.
as
rowan
as
caomhnaim,
preserve.
refer
we
the
It
an
inf.
is
root
larly
particu-
more
possible
which
form
and
nak
neszii, draw.
is
to
The
to
G.
derive
usurped
it
the
stem.
Ir.
caomibg,
mountain
caoir, blaze,
berries.
S.
caomh.
Ir.
7iak
Lit.
strife,
heat,
berry,
if
form
lie ; Gr.
caoimheach,
see
from
*com-anich-.
caomhuin
with
O.W.
village, Ag.
caomhnuigkim,
original,
most
ndgati, reach,
been
friend
caomthach,
protect, cherish,
caomhnadh,
sparing,
adhkic, thig,
in
as
allied
place
hdims,
cu,
kei,
root
the
seems
W.
coim,
is "restful."
Ir.
*koimo-,
preserve,
The
Ir.
Ir.
0.
lie ; Got.
idea
caomhaighim,
spare,
Ir. coem,
cun,
bedfellow, friend,
caomhain,
caor,
Ir., E.
so
home.
Eng.
and
to
put
Kot/xao),
0.
caolas,
caoldn,
caelebs, single 1
Lat.
caol.
from
caomh,
Ir.
the
idea
G.
caoir
Ir. ca,or,
*kaird.
wild
of
nest
bees
1
0.
It is
Ir.
cder,
seemingly
arising probably from
OF
GAELIC
THE
71
LANGUAGE.
caora,
the
caorrunn,
Br.
cerddin,
tann,
0.
tanna,
G.
Eng.
tan,
W.
capa.
caval
Capal-coille
Lat.
gyros,
Gr.
W.
caraid,
was
Rhys
says
cap.
Norse
W.
Ir.
Ir.,E.
kapall,
Br.
capall,
borrowed
seems
nag,
remarkable
ceffyl,with
is
crdpula.
Lat.
Ir.
M.
cor,
turbo,
curved.
See
to, Ir.
cor
vocalisation.
Br.
M.
Ir.
(O'Cl), 0.
cuairt
^kuro-
coruent,
; Lat.
curu,
curvus
cruinn.
friend.
cdra(d), a
See
for
caraid
the
root.
cdirich,
C^radh, condition, usage
; from
Ir.
caraich, move,
stir,
corruighim, from
G.
word
(C.F.L. 292).
Celt.).
The
fir,
McCaorthainn.
whence
coT-wynt,
Kvpros,
Cairatini,
caballus,
from
with
would
; it
Celtic
the
or
Eng.
mare
twist, Ir.
turn,
?)
*tann,
tanne,
is doubtful
that
(Dial) ; from
so
(more commonly),
Gaelic.
from
the
Ger.
wood,
tan,
and
connection
borrowing,
Gadelic
from
G.
W.
caerthann,
berry,
The
riotousness
; from
Eng. capil,
of
Maqui
; from
cap
cdpraid, drunken
capull, a horse,
car,
idea
H.
bush
Odfj-vos,
(Gr.
the
Ogam
M.
boar,
Ka-n-pos,
Ir.
caor,
glas-tannen.
fir, oak,
is borrowed
Cor.
oak,
tanner
necessitate
dann.
E.
caorthann,
kerzin, "^cairo-taiin,from
tree, Br.
H.
Ir.
tree,
rowan
from
"^cairax,
this
confuses
friend,
so
with
Ir. cara,
carim, caraim,
love,
Caractacus,
carantus,
Got.
hors,
corrach, unsteady.
The
turn.
car,
0.
Ir
mend.
W.
^Jcarant-
g. carat,
caraf,
Br.
amo,
quaret,
Ir. verb
0.
Gaul.
amare,
etc.; Lat.
meretrix,
Ir. corait
E.
Ir.
barley,
bran
carra,
see
carthuinnich.
caraist,
; from
catechism
contest,
caramasg,
Sc.
confusion
carritch,
corruption
(Arm. M'F.) : from car
a
caramh,
; see
C^ramh, c^radh, condition, treatment
:
carathaist, compulsory labour, cairiste,cairbhist,
carbad, a chariot, so Ir., 0. Ir. carpat, W.
cerbyd,
Gaul.
Carpentoracte,
basket
; Norse
The
root
of the
measg%
and
caruihh.
beside
carpentum
of catechise.
Carbantia,
hrip, pannier
(Eng. carpenter,
idea
body
is
"wicker,"
of these
*karbanto-
for
peats
etc.),
seems
referring
chariots.
on
the
0.
Br.
Lat.
horse-back.
borrowed
to
last
which
from
basket
cor
see.
cerpit,
bis,
Lat.
Gaulish.
character
72
ETYMOLOGICAL
carbad,
jaw, jaw-bone,
yr
car
mouth
(car of
en
chariot,"
and
jaw
carfa7i,beam,
cfs. W.
carbh,
carbh,
"
is
lower
the
between
Ir., W.
so
idea
The
karvan.
DICTIONARY
the
old
from
the
mouth),
the
resemblance
wicker
chariots.
the
English.
of ship or
boat
particular kind
(Islay);
karfi^ a galley for the fiords.
carbhaidh, carraway-seed ; from the English,
carbhanach, a carp, Tr. carhhdn, Manx,
carroo
; from
from
Norse
Norse
karji,
Eng.
Loth
rail, row.
; from
carve
engrave,
Br.
carp.
carcair, a
prison,
in
sewer
(do.) ;
carcair
Ir. carcar,
cow-house,
Lat.
from
prison,
career,
prison,
barrier.
E.
cacair
Ir.
in
Glenmoriston.
carcais, a
C^rd, card
cargo,
load
cargo,
Lent,
Lat.
from
the
card.
Eng.
the
English.
Corghas, M.
Ir.
torment,
Ir.
W.
corgus,
garawys
agenma.
of wool
Ir.);
for
; from
quadr
lock
the
English.
cardaighim, ; from
Ir.
wool,
Carghus,
C^rUg,
; from
carcase
birleach.
Ir.
Curias, excellence,
clever, *air-lam%
cirn,
of
heap
Eng.
further
C^rn,
"
C^rn,
harsh.
hard,
G.
The
horn, put
outlawed,"
Eng.
for
Ir.
cairn,
kar, be hard
horning.
lam,
stones,
'*'kar-no-,root
to
excellent,
carlamh,
For
see
the
; Gr.
See
Latinised
carros,
chariot,
carry,
career,
ebb-tide.
used
for
the
carr,
C^rr,
cairn
flesh
the
scabby,
cf.
cam,
itch,
Eng.
M.
cor?i,
horn,
^ir ch^m
gives
excommunication.
dray,
carr,
E.
waggon,
(gl.), Gaul.
through
Fr., Eng.
carr,
fish
from
Ir, carr,
vehiculum
carrus
meaning
found
in
cairn.
cam,
karm-
; Lat.
shores
stony
Terriers
at
were
hunting.
of the
obsolete
on
first
The
between
M'F.
cclrn.
yguors-),from
carnaid, red ; from Eng. carnation.
C^rnag, (1) a she-terrier, (2) a small
currus
karn,
(Kpa-, Kap)
(whence,
Celt,
charge)
; from
cargo,
qrs ; Eng. horse, hurry.
into
Br.
cam,
rock
K/)avaos,
confusion
and
c^rn-eaglais,
Ir., W.
carraig.
horn,
E.
cam,
seems
*co-er-lam-, erlam,
idlamh.
seal
and
flesh
whale
(Heb.
Carmichael);
founded
harsh
(^horsqs),
{*kors-ta-); further
rocky shelf, Ir. carr,
and
hard.
Lit.
kar, to be hard,
rock, see carraig.
root
krasta,
rough.
the
For
itch
c^rr,
OF
GAELIC
THE
73
LANGUAGE.
rock
the
cobler," Ir. carrachdn,
frog-fish,called
Also
fish called
cobler
rock.
the
From
a
(Coneys).
carr,
word
wild
"the
carra-7neiile, q.v.
means
liquorice root
The
carragh, a pillar stone, Ir. carrthadh, cart/ia, E. Ir. corthe.
Ir.
form,
difficultycaused
by the E.
root, despite the vocalic
/^or
of
is likely the same
in
cf.
set.
as
cuir,
carraig ; yet
carraid, conflict; from the root ^ars in cdi^r, rough-work'?"
0. VV. carrecc,
Br.
carraig, rock, so Ir., 0. Ir. earric, W.
cai^'eg,
carrachan,
"
"
"
"
^karsekki-
karrek^
borrowed),
from
Jca7\%hard,
root
stiif,harren,
hard,
C.^"
R.
(so Rhys,
hard,
who
102,
Norwegian, herren^
harsh, hard
(root kar). See
Eng.
rough
W.
thinks
carr.
carra-meille,
same
as
carran,
kars
root
of the
the
of
the
conger
see
See
rough.
quart,
cartan,
small
scurvy
means
the
carmele,
etc.
From
grass.
and
"shrimp,"
is
Ir. carsdn
Gadelicised
the
that
affectionate,
eats
the
; from
Lat.
the
into
into
be
kars,
root
rotz.
quart,
eats
oi partan,
form
Eng.
that
insect
insect
above,
Kopv^a, catarrh,
; from
brown
brown
carthannach,
Cf.
carr.
Ir. cart
small
Sc.
The
being
carr
Hence
carrdn,
also
carran
hoarseness, wheezing,
carrasan,
of mil.
Ir.
Carran
carr.
the
honey,"
gen.
carra-mhilis.
origin.
same
carran-creige,
meille
of
spergula arvensis,
spurrey,
the
cart,
and
carr,
Ir.
pease,
"
is
name
liquorice, wood
knots
explained as
wild
the
quartihs.
crab.
q.v.
charitable,
Ir.
carthannach
Lat.
from
caritas.
carthuinnich, dwell
apart
of
refuse
caruinnean,
from
the
root
Possibly
sgar,
an
G.
H.
Ir. cos,
0.
hahse,
bend
Eng.
cas,
Ch.
the
winnow.
root
of
Ir.
This
near.
Ir.
coss,
of the
casach,
an
W.
coes,
knee
is the
*koksd,
; Skr.
ascent, M.
dat.
pi. of
; Lat.
car.
hip
coxa,
kdkshas, armpit,
Ir. cass,
rapid, ^kasto-
quasitlum,
gnash
the
Eng. hate,
as
kar, separate,
of
form
haste.
curled, Ir., M.
Norse
cas,
caruinnich,
corn,
Cf.
(M'F.).
separate
cave,
threshed
caruibh, beside,
foot, leg,
M.
q.v.
caruibh,
cas,
in
as
ca.s,
Ir. cas,
basket,
teeth,
Ger.
sudden
Ir.
root
quas.
cais, hate,
hass.
Got.
hatis.
W.
cas,
Of
hate, Br,
the
same
cas,
^cad-s-to- ;
ultimate
origin
(Strachan).
8'
74
ETYMOLOGICAL
(as
fire
cas,
casadh
Cf.
DICTIONARY
ar
cheile
Eng.
on
cast.
(Ir.).
TiiQt
founded
(Eng. case).
difficulty,Ir. can ; from Lat. casus
tackle
attached
to hook) : from
(part
cas.
casach, fishing
Ir.
W.
casachdach,
peswch, Br. pas,
casad, casd, a cough,
pas,
husten
kdsiu
host, Ag. S. hvosta, Ger.
*qasto- ; Eng.
; Lit.
Cas,
casag,
; from
casog
the
The
Eng.
word
is borrowed
from
Root
(do.),Br.
in Lat.
be
to
path,
casan,
rafter,
The
of
seemingly
quarrel.
shower,
; from
roof-tree
see
and
cossoit.
Ir.
E.
casair, hail, W.
cesair
word.
same
Ir. casdn
casan,
"^co-scar
cynhenn,
a
Ir.
cad
root
as
(do.),"^kassri-,"^kad-tri- ; from
The
Ir. and
G. (?)casair, phosphorescence,
fall.
the
Lat.
casair,
hazercli
cado,
seems
the
W.
sen,
drift, Ir.
sea
is
Stokes
thinks
that
the word
q.v.
causatio
ever.
is not
likely,how; this
origin Sisfaosaid,
same
Ir. word
E.
casula.
the
Lat.
from
casal,
casaid,
Ir.
cassock,
casair,
kdsate, coughs.
Skr.
; from
cas
Ir,, 0.
so
foot.
cas,
Ir.
victory,
coscar,
destruction
sgar.
*co--\-snaidh, q.v.
(O'R.)
*co-spann
see
spann.
castan,
chestnut
Lat.
from
through
castanea,
M.
Eng. castane,
chesnut.
castaran,
castreag'hainn,
H.S.D.) :
cat,
cat,
etc.
the
Ir,
so
Cattos
for
measure
E.
; Lat.
It
Celtic,
is
catta,
a
and
Egyptian
Ir.
word
applied
cat
(J stone)
butter
straw
on
perhaps
also
doubtful
first
introduced
; from
below
the
to
the
in
catulus
early
Eng. castor.
grain (Arm.,
kat,
;
origin
wild
the
the
catJi, Cor.
W.
catt,
of
kiln
Br.
kaz,
not
Gaul
cat, then
to
centuries
of
the
the
tame
tian
Chris-
era.
from
Eng. cot.
catadh
(M'F.) ; cf. tataich.
cellar
catag", potato
(Dialectic); see cata.
refuse
at
catas,
carding of \vool, Ir. cadds, cotton, scraping of
linen
further
under
caiteas.
See
Eng. caddis.
rags ; from
Gaul.
cn,d, 0. W.
eath, battle, Ir., 0. Ir. cath, W.
cat. Cor.
cas,
0.
G.
H.
Ger.
catutention
hadu-, fight, Ag. S. hea"o-,
hader, con;
cata, cata, sheep-cot, pen ;
catadh, catachadh,
taming,
; Skr.
catrUj enemy
Gr.
kotos,
wrath.
01^' THE
GAELIC
75
LANGUAGE.
of corn,
cath, chaff, husks
Ir., 0. Ir. cdit/i,W. coden^ a bag, husk,
pod C?),*ki%ti-,root kdt^ kat, as in caith, spend, cast,
cathachadh, provoking, accusing, fighting,Ir. cathaighim ; from
catJi,fight.
cathadh,
Ir.
snow-drift,
ciiadh, W.
gen.
cua,
(Stokes) ;
"^kavat
refer
the
cathair,
Br.
caer,
root
word
G.
for
piuthar
cathair,
be
to
Eng.
root
of
Ir.
the
from
E.
See
with
form
as
possible
is
to
Ir.
W.
{^kastrex),
(Stokes). The
c-ithir
fort
the
are
same
in
as
cathdir,
bill
(Heb.)
H.S
cadair,
W.
chcdr.
Fr,, Eng.
cadhan.
see
; formed
D,)
kador
Br.
Lat.
on
callum.
cadldvihh.
see
M.
Ir. ceo,
referred
koaveim., which
mist, "covering."
earth, used only
earth, Ir., E.
supposed
he,
Ir.
be
to
Lat.
*co-\-hitfen,W.
to
ce, the
cio, Gr.
cf. Br.
suggests
been
Keivos,
milk
keivo-
in Gr.
has
c6, give
kaouad,
calum.
catluibh, cudwort
c6, C^ath, cream,
a
0.
also, through
black
Ir.
M.
word,
Ir.
catlian, a
goose
cathan-aodaich, a web (M'D.) :
cathar, mossy
ground ; see cdir.
cathlunn, a corn
(Sh. ; not in
wild
Br.
phonetics
of the
part
chair, Ir. cathaoir,
Lat. cathedra, wheuce
nimbus,
It
castrum,
; the
final
; cf.
shou'er.
cathair,
cats
cat,
cowes,
sea-drift
caitk, cath,
"^kastro-;Lat.
kaer,
seems
Cor.
to
the
to
E.
snow-drift,
0.
cawod,
allied
city, Ir.,
cdthadh,
the
in
ce,
phrase
hith
for
for
ce,
KLOi),has
"this,"
cis,Eng.
also
been
this
on
from
the
he.
The
ce,
the
earth.
pronominal
root
Cf.
cream.
cruinne
an
eke,
hufen,
(round)
The
ce
is
kei, Gr.
root
kei, go,
ceo,
(Lat.
move
suggested.
c6, spouse
(Carni.),Ir. ce :
eaba, ceibe, the iron part
see
C^abhar,
of
spade
or
other
delving instrument;
caihe.
breeze
(Heb.) :
(Carm.), sky, (Prov.) ci'ar :
ceach, an interjectionof dislike ; see the next word,
ceacharra, dirty, mean,
obstreperous (Carm.), Ir. ceachair, dirt,
a
fine
ceabhar
M.
kak
Ir.
seen
cecharda,
in
cac,
^kelari-
; from
q.v.
Ir. ceachlaim, 0.
ceachladh, digging,
"^ce-cladr,
a
reduplicated
cladh,
or
kek,
Ir.
the
form
of
the
root
ro-cechladatar, suffoderunt,
of the
perfect form
clad
root
of G.
q.v.
cead, permission,
ces-do).
so
Ir., 0.
Lat.
cedo,
yield (for
^6
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
ceadan,
bunch
of
clout.
Rhys
cadadh,
caiteas.
ceadha,
the
ceadach, cloth,
W.
regards
of the
part
ceidhe.
Ir.
wool,
Both
plough
words
borrowed
as
used
For
all, cf.
is fixed.
share
the
cadach^
W.
Ir.
from
which
on
cloth,
coarse
Also
Eng. qua^.
ceafan, a frivolous person
:
(Dialectic)
ce^ird, a trade, E. Ir. cerd ; see ceard.
the
root
ceal, stupor, forgetfulness, Ir. ceal, forgetfulness; from
Cf.
end
of
conceal.
Ir.
E.
death,
ceil,
ceal,
eel,
^el
(Carm.).
similar
hue
fceal, same,
(Carm.) :
cealaich, the fire-placeof a kiln :
cealaich, eat (Kirk), Ir. cealaim
qel as in Lat. colo ?
; root
cealaich, conceal
:
cealair, a virago (Badenoch) :
cealg, guile, treachery, so Ir., E. Ir. celg, '''kdgd; Arm.
keXclV^,
The
further
ceil.
is
of
root
hypocrisy.
qel
Lat. cella,a cell,
ceall, g. cille,a church, so Ir., E. Ir. cell ; from
hermit's
cell especially,whence
Gadelic
Hence
the
a
use.
"A
Mackellar.
the
cealloir, superior of a cell, and
name
retired
are
for
"
(Hend.).
spot
cealtar, broad-cloth, Ir. cealtair,clothes, E.
from
qel, cover,
whither,
ceana,
as
for
in
Ir.
cellar,celt,raiment
ceil,q.v.
c'iona,
c'ionadh
Cf.
Ir.
h-io7iad.
cd
See
ionadh.
See
*cen,
Ir. ; from
so
in
as
cion,
ceann,
Ir., 0.
so
Ir.
cend,
cenn,
Bi.
W.,
cengl
Lat.
; from
Gaul, Jr'enno-,
penn,
begin,
^qettiio-. Perhaps for qen-no-, root qen (labialised),
SI. koni, beginning, as
The
in ceud, first.
difficultyis
that
the other
Brittonic
branch
and
the
labialisinglanguages
Ch.
otherwise
followed
kvi,
show
by Brugmann,
Skr.
Qvi, swell,
vowel
is not
which
docs
bottle
by
trace
no
the
i, even
head
labialisation
suggested
IltvSos, Pindus
granting
the
Dial,
ceannas,
purchasing,
so
Windisch,
qen.
kvindo-,
; but
Mount
possible labialisation
for
stem
Greek.
not
of
(Hend.),
ceannach,
Gr.
of
Hence
I. E.
root
the
root
of
kvi,
ceannag,
or
reckoning
wind
headceannaidh,
sum
up),
ceann,
vaunting (Hend.).
Ir., E. Ir. cennaigim, I buy, 0. Ir.
"
heading"
see
pen^e^i
adharc.
(do.).
For
so
meaning
Ii". ; "^ceawt
cf.
Eng.
4-
arc
for
root
Aer/c7strong,W.
THE
OF
77
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
ceannard, commander,
chief, Ir. ceanndrd, arrogant, commanding,
and
ard ; M. kinnoort, Ir. ceannceann
high-headed," from
pho7% commander,
authority, head
post or city: ceann-]- port.
bridle
horse's
head-gear, Ir.
or
ceannrach, ceannraig (Cam.), a
ceannrach
rach.
For
y^ach
from
ceann
(root rig), see
+
;
"
cuibhreach,
arachas.
ceannsaich, subdue,
"head-ness,"
from
Similarly ceannsal,
ceap,
from
ceap,
Lat.
Celtic
and
ceann
the
Ir.,E.
last, so
ority,
superi-
ceannas,
termination
abst.
as.
c?/J',Br. Jcef;
Ir. ce2)p, W.
cippus.
fceapach,
; from
ceannsaighhn
rule.
shoemaker's
block,
Ir.
tame,
tillage plot,
keppo-, garden,
borrowed
seems
Stokes
This
ceapach.
kep, kdp,
root
kep, of
bound,
above.
ceap
Ir.
Sc.
Ir. ceap,
The
Eng. keep.
of
the
from
Lat.
refers
Gr.
campus,
to
kyjitos,
Ger.
chorus
cepoc,
Gaelic
hube, piece
Ir.
for
Eng. catch, a
for
Ce
block.
the
so
; Gr.
smithy,
latter
allied
Gr.
to
girls as
Ir.
wheel-barrow
ceapaire
cf.
it stands
refrain
at
rag,
Ir.,E.
word
Eng.
from
ceap,
cerbaim;
s/i7ub; "^{sjker,
cut,
cfs. M.
Bezzenberger
cerpyn.
wheel.
Kapcfios,twig, Eng.
H.
G.
now
teal,
Ir. ; from
0.
Prus.
qerqo,
a
kerko,
to
sound,
cock, Kpe^,
diver
; Skr.
L.
Lat.
circulus,circullus,a
hoop,
circle.
Ir.
craftsman,
catch
that
Sc.
be
cock.
hoop,
craftsman
butter, etc.,
clothing, so
carp,
circulus, a
ce^rdach,
of
querquedula,
krka-vdkus,
ceard,
by
to
ceap,
from
said
suggests
the
Ir., M.
; Lat.
with
ceapag,
St.
"
cearcall,
From
Zimmer
here," ("?)
sung
Cf. W.
herb, asper.
a
hen, so
cearc,
fowl
Ir.,and
in
chorus.
verse.
covered
cearb, piece,article
*krbh, skrbh ;
hence
word
rare
Cf.
divide.
aidbsi, great
chorus
"kiss
Poc,
gatherings
ceapaire, bread
a
song
land.
of
ceard,
E.
Ir.
cei^d,W.
cerdo,
K"p8o"s,
gain.
Ir.
ceardcha,
cae
hoiiie.
meaning
0.
Ir. cerddchae
a
house
in
; from
Ir.,a
cerd-\-cae,
kaio-ii,
Celtic
78
Dl6TI0NARt
ETYMOLOGICAL
ceard-dubhan,
scarabseus, dung-beetle,
ceardaman
(M'A.)
wrong-sided little
cearmanta,
tidy (Arm.)
"
cearn,
quarter,
corner,
ceamabhan.
see
black
;
left
wrong,
Gr.
eyKapcTLO's,
cearrach,
Cf.
gambler.
of which
was
right,
ceart,
in
corn,
*kerso-
; Lat.
; Lat.
cert
q.v.
Cf.
Eng.
cerritus,crazed
dexterous
gamester,
the
cearrbhag', cearrag,
in plays of chance
considered
Ir.
cern;
crooked.
sket sas,
cearrbhach,
horn,
^cerno-.
; from
G.
Jr.,E.
so
; Lit.
Ir.
gamester,
tidy (Perth.) :
E. Ir.
angle, corner,
found
Ir. ce7T,
slantwise
make
cearna,
ceam,
(hand), E.
(Carm.),
one."
form),
for
cearr-duhhan
cearmrMiaick,
Ir
(H.S.D.
hornet
left-hand,
as
use
"sinister."
certain,
certus,
the
sure,
cerno,
ceasad,
; Gr.
ceatharn.
see
ceatharn,
troop,
catena,
troop,
in the
which
shag,
ceithern, "^keternd;
0.
SI.
whence
round
as
means
ceigh, quay.
clot, ceigein,
Eng.
from
of
"body
caterva,
(Stokes).
ceta, company
borrowed
Lat.
It
Lat.
quaternio,
soldiers," quaternion.
four
Jtern.
cateran,
kagge,
Scandinavian
kagge,
Ir.
regarded
Eng.
of
mass
animal,
E.
coulter-place,Ir.
quay,
chain
Vulg.
Hence
ceidhe,
Ir.,
so
been
also
has
ceig,
critic.
round
mass,
keg;
Norse,
ceadha.
See
tuft,
fat
man.
From
or
keg, corpulent man
kaggi, cask, Norwegian,
mass.
the Eng.
cei^, a kick ;
celu, I. E, qel ; Lat. celo,
ceil,conceal, Ir.,ceilion,0. Ir. celim, W.
Eng. con-cea^ ; Ag. S. helan, hide, Eng, Hell ; Gr. KaAvTrrw,
from
hide
ceile, spouse,
=
Skr.
kdla,
fellow,
cheile
of
darkness.
so
Ir.,0.
G.=eguille
socius, W.
Br.), *keiljo-,
Ir. cele,
of
"
cilydd {y gilydd
vvay-farer,"from
OF
(Lat.
kei, go
The
idea
Dr
fellow,
allied
cacula,
demand
W.
from
setig, wife,
a
set, way.
and
ceglio-;
stem
is different
cele,servus,
from
ce/e,
keklio-),and
be
(better
Hence
ceilidh, a gossiping
kak-lio-
servant.
Midi-,
Ir.
Ir.
(H.S.D.),
Lat.
war,
ceileir, chirping
M.
if
from
come
martial
Tent.
and
Ir.
kinetics).
move,
meeting.
or
ceileach,
that,
must
Lat.
to
G.
KtVew,
go,
Ktoj,
in
as
that
thinks
it
Gr.
same
thinks
Stokes
visit
the
79
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
move,
ao,
is
Strachan
THE
M.
war,
Ir.
cellach, war
per-cellere,hit.
of
Ir.
birds,
ceilebradh
celebrating
ceaMach,
observance,
or
welcome
of
joy
from
Lat.
celebratio.
Lat.
coir, Br.
ccar
wax.
cera,
in
given
Lat.
H.S.D.
from
O'R.
Cf.
0.
Ir.
basket,
cass,
quasillus.
Lat.
ceisd, a question, so Ir., E. Ir. ceist ; from
qucestio. Hence
ceisd
chridhe
on
mo
ceisdein, a sweetheart, founded
darling {i.e.,
question, anxiety) of my heart.
cebs.
ceiseach, large, corpulent woman
; see
Ceitein, May, 0. Ir. cetam
(g. cetaman), cetsoman
(cetshaman) in
Cor.
where
the
first weatherit
is
as
cet-sam-sin,
Gl.,
explained
"
"
"
motion
of
summer"
cet +
"
is
sam-,
possibly
word
The
summer.
or
sam
the
sam
influenced
samJwadh,
oi
by
the
means
other
first
of
-The
nation
termi-
words.
See
q.v.
time
"
Samhainn.
Cor.
; Lat.
keturi
(n.),ceithrc
ceathair
peswar,
quatuor
Skr.
Br.
;
Gr.
catvdras.
pevar,
(adj.), 0.
Gaul,
reTTa/oe?
petor-,
Got.
Ir.
cethir,
^qetveres,
W.
I. E.
80
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
Ir.
mist,
ceo,
Lat.
sqevo-,
is
ce6b,
E.
ceo,
Ir.
ceo,
Norse
obscurus,
ciach, *cevox,
g.
*cevocos,
g.
I. E.
idea
The
sk^.
"covering."
dark
ce6ban,
nook,
corner
Ir. is ceobhrdn,
drizzle, fog,
ceol, music,
Ir.
M.
alliance
ciuran,
Ir.
ce6pan.
q.v.
ciabkrdn,
Gadelicised
form
of
pip, Lat.
root
S.
have
Rhys
pib, pipe.
W.
to
Also
G.
is
mist.
and
Stokes
suggests
now
ciahor,
1)
last
eedl, g. ciicil,"^kipolo-,a
Ir.
chirp, Ag.
allied
This
braon.
onomatopoetic
outcry, pipo,
jnob, etc ).
stem,
ced
The
-bainne, "mist-drop."
or
(for ceobnach
Ir., E.
*pipolo
boinne
ceo
for
ceopach
Hence
drizzle;
small
For
given
Celtic
phonetics,
Ger.
ceus,
poples.
Stokes
febil.
see
0.
with
for
qeqlo-
G.
H.
hiuivilon.
ce6s,
the
ceosan,
ceud,
with
Gr,
0.
of feathers
Ir. cet, W.
(do.), Gaul.
kenta
kent,
down
light
or
down,
Kara,
Cintii-, '^kentu-
against
; Ch.
young
compared Teut.
so
ceud, a hundred,
"^k/ito-n ;
Lat.
ceudfadh,
ceum,
the
step,
gradibus,
Gaul.
Ir.
the
0.
The
part
; from
I. E.
of
ceus,
Ir.
is
gen.
cKarov
Skr.
Ir.
from
see
Got.
se-knton) ;
canfod,
ceud, with,
first,and
to
from
"^'centinio-s;
W.,
Cor.
0.
cam,
"^kengo, I
hund,
men
Skr.
"
ceois, whence
ceds,
perceive,
hu, be.
first.
ceud,
W.
cemmein,
Ir.
go,
"
of
cingim,
warriors
khanj, limp
bend
"
on
haiit,
catdm.
of the
wool
Br.
cans,
S. hoh
; Gr.
ceusaim,
knee,
(Strachan
etc.
Ir.
0.
Ir.
irevOo's,
TrdOos,suffering, Eng. pathos
kenczu, suffering.
ceutach, becoming
Cor.
have
again
ham.
ceasaim,
qentho
Some
cetlaid, W.
ceimm,
cann,
Further
contra.
kenkle, hough,
the
etc.
cant.
W.
to
; Lit.
*cencso-
coarse
crucify,
Lit.
Gr.
"^kngmen-, verb
kam,
allied
Lat.
cet, W.
Ir. cetna,
Ir.
joint; Ag.
Lit.).
suffer
ceiyn, 0.
Br.
knee
ceslach
ceus,
Ir., 0.
so
poples
kinka,
ceus,
szimtas
ceadfadh,
legs,
derivation) I. E. qen,
( Kavto?), new
Kaivos
;
ham,
for
Gr.
with-being,"
"
of
usual,
"
I. E.
ceus,
Ir.
Lit.
same,
0.
koni, beginning.
Eng. hindmost.
in
as
Ir.,
Ir.
sense,
*cant-buti-,
ceudna,
hind
centum
hund-vedi
Eng.
SI.
knta),
the
is
kand,
Skr.
wool
ceus,
broad-
allied
see
ceosach,
Hence
ciatach.
OF
Jr.
or
no
chaoidh,
See
for
aidche,
make
chena,
will
in
chidhim,
cho, CO,
as,
to
the
Ir.
so,
"Cho
;
thun
thu7i
in
kleu
chugad,
for
chum,
g^i,
dochuin
Eng.
chun, to,
chunnaic,
'
Eng.
See
from
co-
withont
"
cen-e,
The
Ir.
1),
('^cas-jioThe
ckiinnaic, faic.
initial, which
ad-
is
a.
Welsh
with.
ddued
belongs
to
and
comh-.
See
"Cyn
thugad
rochiiala, W.
Jr., 0.
Ir.
a'r fran."
article.
the
and
chon
to
cigleu, ^kuklova
chucut, *cii-cu-t,where
See
chuga, chuige,
71-, dochom
jam,
quidem,
canus
com,
chugad,
0.
Lat.
to, is reduplicated.
chum,
for
q.v.
so
witli
So
Ui, q.v.
chum,
lost
the
git.
Compare
thee,
sooth,
; from
ha7'e.
cyn
of
cluinn,
in
Ir.
0.
feannaig"
form
in
or
cii
goad
coidchi
chaidche,
particle do,
W.
ri
; q.v.
as
Ir.
"^ca-kas
for
verbal
dubh
towards
prep,
'^coud-
went,
cion, want,
chim,
phonetics.
chuala, heard, Ir. do chiuda,
root
cene,
see,
comh,
dialectic
Also
he
dochoid,
olchene
Eng.
grey,
is
due
to
chl
with
Gaelic
chon,
caksh,
of
aspiration
confused
Ir.
"till
without,
S. hasu,
Ag.
0.
Ir. cha.
E.
gun,
Ir.
"^kesio ; Skr.
;
Ulster
night."
Ir. chena,
cheana,
Ir.
chena, 0. Ir.
ar
see,
grey
same
choidhclie, E.
oidhche,
this," root
chi,
of this
aspirating. The
negative : only ni and
con^
as
gu''n. Aspirating power
con
7u
Ir.
ever,
c/u
Tr.
deach.
cheana, already,
ol
no
codati,
shoot.
part
being the
co?z
0.
"-,
yet unexplained.
as
chaidh, went,
Skr.
is
81
LANGUAGE.
OAELTC
noclia
nu
quod,"
non
of it is
TI-TE
7i-
is
-iit
or
etc.
idiomatic
an
The
gu.
the
use;
of
com,
ckmn,
side
Ir.
0.
'?
Cf.
side, beside.
until
see
chon.
Ir. choncada7%
saw,
for
con-\-faic;
chunnairc,
co7i,
saw,
0.
Ir. conaca,
comh-, andsee/a?'c.
see
still used
they
in
Ir
as
The
vidi
; from
old
past was
chonnairc, from
con-\-dea7X,q.v.
Cor.
W.
pwy.
joj/if, Br. piu, *qei ;
0.
Ir. cm,
"
"
"
"
"
Diardaoin,
q.v.
ciagach, sly-humoured
cial, side or brim of a
See
further
under
Di-.
(Dialectic):
vessel
see
ciohliull.
9
82
ciall, sense,
Br.
wise
ETViMOl.OGICAL
DICTIONARY
understanding, Ir.,0.
Ir.
1. E.
"''qeidd:
2')oell^
; Skr.
further
(Sh., Arm.),
0,
so
referred
have
see,
shine
time, Eng.
; Gr.
pidl^
ttlvvto^
cinoti, discover
heiter, clear.
Jr.,
kei, there, Gr.
root
([ci,
observe,
pivyll^ Cor.
Ger.
ciamhair, sad
cian, remote,
ciall,W.
it
Ir.
Ir.
cian,
Keivog,
to
vjhile.
ciamhair,
root
Hence
ciamhaire
"^keino-
from
(O'Cl.,O'Br.) :
the
pronominal
amhuil.
land
of arable
cianog",a small measure
(Heb. : H.S.D.); see cionag.
dusk
E.
Ir.
root
ciar,
sqhei, Gr.
ciar, ^keiro-s, "shadowy";
J, Ir.,
Skr.
chdyd, shadow, Ag. S.
(rKL"p6"i,
shady, crKid, shadow,
scimo
hdrr,
(do.). It has been compared to Eng. hoar, Norse
but
the
vowels
do
suit.
not
tail.
cibeir,a shepherd
cibhearg, a rag, a
; from
little
(Sh.) :
luchd
cidhis, a mask, vizard
cidhis, masqueraders ; from
Sc. gyis, a
mask, gysars,
masqueraders, M. Eng. glsen, to
0.
Fr.
dress, Eng. guise, disguise; all from
guise, modus,
borrowed
The
in the
Sc.
was
disguise.
desguiser,
directly
Stuart
period.
cigil,tickle (Sh.) ; see ciogail.
cileag, a diminutive, weakly person
(Arg.) :
codfish
from
Norse
cilean, a large
keiia, gadus longus or
long;
cod."
Also
cilig (Sutherland).
locative
for the most
of ceall,q.v., used
cill,a church
case
part
;
in place-names.
cillein,a concealed
heap, repository, Ir. cilliu,a purse or store of
hoarded
cash
(O'B.), dim. of ceall,cell,church, q.v.
cenedl, 0. W.
cineal, offspring, clan, Ir. cineul, 0. Ii\ ce7iel,W.
ragged
(M'D.),
woman
"
cenetl, Cor.
new
{i"avj6s)
;
; Skr.
cinn,
grow,
descend
I. E.
Eng.
recent
kinethel, *kenetlo-n
Lat.
kand,
re-cens,
qen, begin
SI.
; Ch.
Gr.
Katvo?,
koni, beginning
young.
Ir.
cinnich,
grow,
increase.
cine, E.
cinneadh, cinne, tribe, clan, Ir. dneadh,
Hence
root
(g. cineda) ; from
qe7i in cineal, q.v.
gentiles,Ir. cineadhach, a gentile.
Ir.
ciniud.
cinnich,
OF
83
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
sense,
word
cion,
is from
second,
the
; in
want
in
first
the
cinn.
from
the
from
"contact,"
head,
ceann,
wound
ciob, bite,
ciob,
of
sense
q.v.
(Bib. Gl.) ;
mountain
coarse
as
tow,
grass,
cibidk
(Hend.).
cioh, coarse
mountain
caob,
see
Ir.
grass,
rush,
"
connection
with
rolish
eye.
(North
goide), 0.
Ir. eate',what
is
In
of
ciogailt,
Heb.
the
q.v.
ite, it is.
Ir.
it, 0.
tion
determina-
timorous
(H.S.D.).
ciom,
comb,
M.
Eng. kemd,
ciomach,
wind
kemh,
root
Norwegian
root
Ir.
;
H.S.D.
Lat.
the
not
See
from
word.
(Stokes),
KOjifSos,band,
Gr.
ceangcd,
^kmhiti-
cimhid,
surround
cingo,
the
from
E.
I.
same
qeng.
kimbla,
kimple,
straw,
cion, want
; from
cion, love, esteem,
honour,
and
rtw,
small
of
; cf. W.
cionar,
from
os
kemple,
forty
eion,
E.
of gim,
without.
M. Ir. cen, 0.
cean,
qei, notice,
is combined
"farthing"
in
land,
land
cei7iiog,a
in
kimhill,
bottles
Sh.
Ir.
ciall.
penalty.
pay
tlvw,
of
as
the
same
one-fourth
(Heb.),
of
hay
or
fochen,
Gr.
Further,
The
eionog,
See
rt/xr;,
ciont.
eleitigor
a
of honour
sense
word.
of
Ir.
welcome
small
one-
coin,
penny.
cionthar
(Arm. ;
A. M'D., querulous music) :
cionn, etc. ; this is the old dat.
music
Norse
] from
eymhal.
ken
root
portion
kernel
Sc.
Eng.
eymbalum,
(Heb.)
straw^
truss,
honour,
eighth
Lat.
from
piece (Banfi^shire).
Ir.
punishment
cionag,
to
the
qino-, qi, I.
root
cionn,
Ir.
(O'B., Sh.)
comb
has
0.
civiidh,
(do.).
hempa
cwmam,
comb.
to
prisoner,
Ir.
wool-card,
has
of
H.S.D.
ceann,
has
head
cion'thar
{'^qenno).
ETYMOLOGICAL
cionnarra,
form
of
the
-ar
Ir.
how,
in
Ir.
metathesis
by
ceudna,
cionnas,
idem
identical,
DlCTlONAEV
of the
The
7i.
G.
is
-arra
cioilda), for
adjectival
an
etc.
aoii-ar,
0.
cionnus,
(dial, (xaelic
cionda
Ir.
cindas
iudas
co
see
and
co
ionnas.
Eng. pain.
ciora,
lamb
pet
call
to
cion.
sheep, cireag",a
or
sheep
ka^er
to
to
come
one
from
shorter
kir) of caora,
(i.e.,
q.v.
from
cioralta, cheerful, ciorbail, snug
cheerful.
Eng.
;
Ir. ciorrbhadh, E.
ciorram, hurt, damage, wounding,
the
root
death,
ciosaich,
ciosan,
ker, destroy,
root
(^rndti,smash,
subdue
make
"
bread
form
of
kair
or
cirud, ^cir-thu-,
Skr,
the
Lat.
Gr.
k/jp,
mutilated,
was
from
tributar}^;"
ilorail.
cirriud,
Ir.
caries, decay,
cirrad,
ro
Cf.
tribute,
cis,
tax.
Lat.
ciotag,
cir,
basket,
(*sqai-vo-), left.
scaevas
little
Ir.
comb,
it
; but
the
ideal
Ir.
Ch.
SI.
qes,
the
to
etc.
dor,
(from skenn),
Strachan), root
refers
0.
plaid, shawl,
form,
give
Perhaps
sheep (Oarm,),
Ir,
cios, 0.
ktci?,
cera,
Celtic
wax,
cil, Br,
above
Armagh)
g.
Zimmer
scratch,
would
cera
be
honeycomb."
das-kiriat,
census,
ruminer.
cir, ciridh,
(Windisch),
Lat.
ktci/os,
(Stokes,
scratch
karsha,
"
keeil, W,
the
Skr.
cer?'.
of
^kia,^vpor.
; cf. Gr.
G.
Lat.
Gr.
ka-yti,
furrow,
to
suggesting
identical
scratch
(Bk.
case
; cf.
Lit.
ceslu,
gers,
would
cetaig, ace.
cir, "^keiisrd,
shave,
root
qers
Ir.
whence
Eng.
census.
cisd, cist,
Ir.
Lat.
chest,
ci'i,
piece
Ir,
cisde, M,
of basket
Ir,
work
ciste,W.
cist ; from
osiers.
Cf.
0.
ceathrt, E.
Ir.
cifh, 0.
of
Lat.
Ir. cass,
cist"i,
basket,
quasillus.
ceis.
cisean, hamper
(Islay) ; from
ciseart, a light tweed
(N. Lochaber).
cistin, a kitchen
cith,
shower,
Jr.
flebilium
the
from
Eng.
vitii,cioth,
^citu-
g.
Ir.
cithech,
THE
OF
cith,
ardour
rage,
cifh
ciuran, ciurach,
M.
ceohan.
;"
"hurly-burly
onomato-
an
kjokr,
whine,
ciuin, mild,
Ir.
stifled
voice
SI.
iurihund,
Ir.
tears.
; Skr
t.o hurt,
S.
root
Ir. claO
in
; Lat.
dear
ge-heuer,
(Jew
civd, friendly.
:
adteram,
as
org
heore,
wound
maim,
dujiurrsa,
kjdkra,
Norse
from
hf/rr,mild, Ag.
po-civu, benignus
0.
H.S.D.)
; not
plaint
with
I
ctorrbhaiffivi,
Ir.
however,
See
ceohhrdn.
civil ; Norse
; Ch.
Arm.
low-voiced
cmin,
civis,Eng.
ciurr, hurt,
(Sh.,
dimpling
ciucran,
ciucharan,
small
ciuchair, beautiful,
clab,
(M'L.)
word.
poetic
safe
where
attuned,
caoin.
cith.
an
/v?/, mood.
Eng.
from
seems
cutkach
"^ketu-, cf.
85
LAN(}UA0E.
GAELIC
ciorram.
see
du-furr,
Cf.,
attriveris,
fuargan.
Eng.
mouth,
open
from
clap,
Hence
human
'^klukd
clog,
Got.
correlated
Usually
clachan, kirk
or
clad,
in
wool, clad,
also
comb,
cladan,
of
cladh,
burr,
wool
"
so
stone.
stones."
stepping
comb
Sc.
; from
clutching hand,
shore, beach,
clad
''
cild, a
Ir.
and
G.
stone,
Skr.
Lat.
Ir.
town,
; also
group
comb
cladach,
kirk
or
with
; root
hoe
or
claut, clauts,
;"
scraper
"
Ir., *claddo-,
from
shore
score,
wool
claw.
;"
from
q.v.
that
thing
sticks,
Ir,
claddn, burr,
flake
; from
clad.
cladh.
W.
churchyard,
cladd,
KXaSapds,
further
cladh,
Cor.
claidheamh,
kela,
root
easily broken
bank,
claivdd, fossa,
^klddo-
*klado-,
Ir.
; Lat.
sword.
ditch, E.
cledh
kla,
clddes
Ir.
clad,
Br.
(do.),
split,
break,
; Russ.
kladu,
cleuz
hit
cut.
cladhaich, dig.
digger, clod-hopper," from
ditch,
(do.),
;
Gr.
See
Hence
cladh
1
cladhaire, a poltroon, so
Br.
Ir.
0.
Ir.
Cor.
clag, a bell,
clog,
clocc,W.,
clock,
kloc'k, *klokko-,
sound
Lat.
klog,
Mag,
clango, Eng. clang ;
"^kloggo-; root,
;
Gr. K'Aa^ti),
Bez.
K/Vayy/y,clang ; Lit. klageti, cackle.
suggests
Ir. ;
"
86
ETYMOLOGICAL
Bill. Iducaui,
DICTIONARY
the
hit, giving
dag
of
stem
"^klakko-.
as
Hence
clock, etc.
Eng.
cledhe,
Cor.
KA.a8o5,
Gr.
claidhean,
the
; Ch.
twig
SI.
kladivo,
hammer.
claidhean,
the
of
claidJieamJi.
as
H.S.D.
See
gives
root
cladh.
Ir. claibin
door,
kladga
Further
etc.
culter, 'per-cellere,
bolt
Skr.
klad,
root
split ; Lat.
source
same
*kladebo-s
kleze,
from
it in supp.
as
cldiinhean.
claidreach,
claigionn,
shattering
damaging,
*claddo-
eamh.
of claidh-
clad
; root
skull,
"
klopenn,
Stokes
head."
considers
Ir.
the
borrowed
from
Welsh,
the
claban.
Cf.
ditch,
clais, a furrow,
of cladh.
*dad
Ir.,E.
so
Br.
claiteachd, gentle
clambar,
wrangling,
clamhan,
buzzard
clamhradh,
clamhsa, an
clamhuinn,
kiltis
ljQt\j.
added
Lat.
Ir.
so
clamor.
'''clain-rad, ;
Ir. ; from
so
so
Ir., 0.
Ir.
cloimh,
see
itch.
close.
Eng.
eland,
W.
plant, ^qlanatd
Slav,
; G.
; Skr.
stock
zilts, race,
kiila, race.
Usually regarded as
sprout, li^ig.plant, whence
I. E.
Some
borrowed
populun.
planta,
Lat.
Lat.
; from
reAo.s, company
Gr.
qel ;
cluas.
see
ear
alley, close,
sleet
from
clanipar
scratching,
^clostd,
from
(Arran)
Ir.
dais, "^clad-s-ti- ;
W.
clatis,
kleus, pit.
Ir.
from
clannach,
G.
comatus.
claoidh,
"^cloid
Stokes
and
Lat.
Ir.
oppress,
vex,
claudo,
daoidhim,
I. E.
refer
it
to
Eng.
lean
; Lit.
Ir.
ddr,
lot, kAuw,
claon,
0.
claon,
incline
; from
W.
cluddio,
whelm,
over-
Windisch
q.v.
Gr.
incline
s^zieti,
Ir.
cloim,
in
root
'''clovio,
incline
clar,
Ir.
klei, incline, as
G.
Ir.
;
Gr.
cl6i7i
kXIvm
in,
"^kloino-
; Skr.
the
crayati (do.).
Eng. clap.
claw,
break;
G.
root
W.
(i long),
clanr.
Gr.
OK
in
etc., as
THE
(JAELIC
claidheamh,
coiUe,,i\.\.
alia, clarach,
inter
Hence,
of
87
T.ANGUA"E.
woman
"
meaning
"
the
gives
form
from
seems
cleachd,
practice, custom,
*klcto-, root
qel,
2^ldh
fillet of
Lat.
clearc, a curl,
cleas, a play, trick, feat,
lock
klek, klok,
concealment,
hide,
Ciat/i
ceil,q.v. (H.S.D.).
cleadidadh, E. Ir. deditaim,
as
in
as
wool,
colo, Eng.
Lat.
E.
am
cultivate,
Gr.
cleas.
Ir.
dechtaim,
plait (Cam.),
so
Ir., E.
*de.ru*c/e.s."Ji6-,
c/e.s.s,
Ir.
; root
hiding
cleith
; also
{^kleti-a)
;
inf.
to
ceil,
q.v.
cleibe, an
instrument
dipe
ndire.
see
cluich, q.v.
in
as
hair
of
naive
in
Gf., however,
etc.
; from
dath
t/el,hide,
Ir.
wont,
death,
text)
root
TreAo/xai,
go, be,
cleachd, a ringlet,a
W.
the
in
the
H.S.D.
; from
E.
clerech, Br.
Ir.
kloarek
Lat.
; from
dericus,
clerk, cleric,
the lot
lot, office :
a
K-Ar^/atKos
Kkrjpo"i,
(do.), from
of this ministry" (Acts i. 17).
(kA7//oov)
cleit,a quill,feather, down, Ir. cleite :
Norse
klettr,rock, cliff. Common
cleit,a rocky eminence
; from
in Northern
place-names,
cleit,bar, ridge (Carm.).
cleith, a stake, w-attle,Ir. cleith,death, E. Ir. cleth,tignum, W.
(place) ; root qleit, glit,
clyd, sheltering, M. Br. det, warm
Gr.
from
0.
hhltdan,
Sax.
be
(Schrader).
cleith, concealing,
0.
measure
a
cleitig,^clitig',
cleuraidh.
one
Ir. cloca
who
cli,vigour :
cli,left (hand),
Br.
See
klnz,
further
; the
kleitio-,the
for
cle6c, a cloak,
Got.
cover.
cleith, roof
Hence
to
"
of land
; from
the
work
Ir. c/;, E.
in
root
same
Ir. cleith
neglects
wrong,
E.
an
8th
daou.
of the
Eng.
(Arran)
Ir.
vocalic
form
"
penny"
land
cli,de,
klei, incline,
^klijo ;;^root
under
full
death.
see
"
its
Got.
W.
dedd,
0.
hleidnma,
W.
ded,
left, etc
88
niCTIONARY
ETVMOl.OGICAl.
cliabh,
basket,
the
hamper,
chest
Root
hero
Lat.
derus,
swordsman.
the
deir,
in
as
Cliar
The
Ir.
cliatan, a
G.
and
cleamhiias,
Ir.
(|.v.
Sheanachain
(Senchan's
Lot)
harrow
diath,
Gaul,
"harrowed,
"
^deta,
lean
Lett,
tread
cliathach,
slita, wood
side,
"
level."
trick,
Gr.
wile
of
rack
i^zlite,
a
kloned,
klei,
root
(of a
\vaggon).
Tr.
ribs,
klei, incline
kXitv'?
diathdn,
Norse
side, breast,
hlitS,
slope,
(H.8.D.)
dei.he, dip,
; from
d\did
as
from
clibist,a misadventure
clic, a hook, gaff: see
clichd, an iron hook
;
clichd, a cunning trick
diob.
see
the
next
from
;
Sc.
word.
deik, Eng.
the
from
"
'im
cliob, to stumble,
a
the
root
deek.
fall.
cliob,
Lit.
*kleitd
died
side
slope,"
dai.e, hurdle,
fence,
cock
as
the
side,
mountain
Fr.
whence
hens,
^kleito-,
deek
was
company,
the
lean.
client, iw-dine,
from
clibeag,
Ir.
its rounds
(Gaelic
especially on
cliar achl, singing, feats.
Hence
Tales).
level plot of ground
"^diath-t-an, a participialformation
bardic
mythic
Folk
cliath,
0.
cliath.
in
as
aliens,Eng.
Lat.
Ir., E.
heroes,
or
klei
cliabh,
Ir.
man),
cliamhuiii,
Iclei,
lean,
root
(of
See
deek,
above.
Sc.
inclination
to
dick.
deiky, ready
cheat
"
to
take
There's
(Banffshire).
cliobach, stumbling,
awkward.
Cf,
Sc.
dypock,
next.
cliobain,
dewdap, Ir.
Ir.
also
cliobach, hairy, shaggy,
diob, dilnn
;
diobog, a
Cf. Sc. dype, an
(shaggy) colt, etc.
ugly, ill-shaped fellow :
origin unknown
(Murray) ; dip, a colt, Ger. kleppe^.^ palfrey.
Gr.
Root
KoXof3(k.
qlg.,stumpy,
dangling,
anything
excrescence,
the
Merry
Dancers.
From
cleas.
Cf.
Ir. and
E.
Ir.
deil-dis,
staff-sling.
clisbeach, unsteady
of
foot, cripple ;
from
dis.
i\lso clisneach.
GAELIC
THE
OF
89
LANGUAGE.
under
cliuchd,
cliud, a slap
mend
cuff,
KXeo'?, fame
; Gr.
I. E.
^ravds,
See
hear.
kleu,
cluinn.
nets
with
; Skr.
the
fingers ;
the
from
Sc.
clout, Eng.
clout, a
"clout."
hand
%
Sc. cloot,hoof, half-hoof
cliud, a small or disabled
; from
cl6, cl6th, broad-cloth
Eng. cloth, clothing, etc.
; from
M. G.
do
cld, a print, printing press,
(Carswell), Ir. do, dodh
E.
Ir.
mark
{clodhuighim. Coneys ;
clod,
V); cf. the next word.
clodh.
Also
t clo,
nail, Ir., E.
Lat.
Ir.
do,
forked
mast,
from
Norse
snuffers, klof,
in Lat.
clobhsa,
fact, the
tool, *klavo-
Mao,
See
etc.
claoidh.
doth.
Idoji,a
fork
of the
Br.
kAci?,key,
; Gr.
Ir.
tlobh.
as
do, key,
cl6-chadail, slumber
; see
clobha, a pair of tongs ;
The
W.
Ir. w^ord
is
(of
fork
legs,
the
clomh
says
the
tlu, Hugh
"
river),a
cloven,
of
cleft."
Lh.,
seems
vernacular
lifter
"
"
is
; root
^Z-
tollo ?
Also, clamhsa,
clochranaich, wheezing in
close.
Ir.
clamhsa,
W.
daws
; from
Eng.
q.v.
the throat
(Hes.);
cloimh, wool,
dum,
down
pluma,
Lat.
of
W.
clemens.
feathers,
plufy
Ir.
cliimh, down,
plumage
from
Lat.
feathers,
pluma
E.
Ir.
(Eng.
plumage).
10
^0
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
cldimhdich,
rub
and
scratch
or
itchy
as
clamhradh
as
same
in
ing
mean-
root.
(O'R.),
"
water
cloitheag", a
shrimp,
claidh-, *cladi-,
instead
"
nail
(Cameron).
cloidheag,
clad,
of
cloitheog.
Possibly
digger." M'L.
"
dadh
for
has
shore-fish.
small
Ir.
(M'D.),
prawn
root
horse
wet, szlapina,
place (Strachan).
muddy
cluaineas, cluain, intriguing, deceit,
"^dopniCluain
; Gr.
kXgttto),steal; Eng.
thistle
Ir.,
kleu, hear;
; cf. W.
0.
Ir.
0.
Sax.
cluro,
cluas,
dud,
patch, clout,
dut, (Rhys, Murray),
cluich, play, Ir. duiche, a
a
Ger.
ludibundus
lachen
Br.
audio,
cru,
W.
W.
E.
game,
^klokjo- ;
Ir.
W.
duinim,
famous
Gr.
Hence
of
dag.
hear
crack,
Ir. cnag
; from
clueo,
Eng. loud,
clewaf,
am
listen
cliii,cluas, etc.
sheltered,
dressing
flax,
the
crask.
Eng.
Cf. E.
warm.
Ir.
cainh.
a
Cor.
Lat.
both
in G.
the vowel
possibly influenced
"^klu ;
cluthaich, chase, Ir. cluthaighim : '^'kluto-,
cnab, pull, haul ; see cnap.
for
laugh,
shelter, clitli,
clothing, W.
Ir. cludaim, I clothe,
ceil,q.v.
instrument
Ir.
KAeTrrw.
an
Eng.
S.
has
cnabaire,
chdnn.
0.
game,
hearing.
dywed
I
hlahjan,
Got.
kAi!w, hear
cluip,
:
hardly
the
swollen
throat
in cattle
clupaid,
cluthaich, cover, clothe, Ir. duthmhar,
qel
Ir., duche,
"^klevo,
*kloppi- ; Gr.
clithaigim,
See
the
; from
dwt,
cheat
Jdeus, klus,
"^kloustd, root
dust,
klevet, audire,
reputed, mdutus?,
Skr.
whisk.
cluigein, a
cluinn, hear, Ir., E.
little
duain,
lifting(Strachan).
lift,cattle
Ir.
duichech,
duainearadid,
Ir.
(Glenmoriston).
sense
cluaran, a
cluas, ear,
cnag,
(Hes.),
wet
clud,
KXeTras
; Gr.
spot
wet
Ir.
and
see
Ir.
claoidh
cndih, hemp
see
OF
cnag,
Ir.
pin, knob,
hnag^
Sw.
peg,
Ir.
scoff*,
cnag
the
from
91
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
knag^
Eng.
Dan.
peg,
kiiagg, a knag.
cndid
:
cn^id,
leg ;
cn^imh, bone, Ir. cndimh, 0. Ir. cndim, "^kndmi-s ; Gr. kv/jimt],
Eng. ham.
a
cnaimhseag,
pimple, bear-berry :
cnamh, chew, digest, Ir. cnaoi, cnaoidhim, E. Ir. cndm, gnawing^
a
W.
Skr.
kvcoSmv,
; Gr.
cnoi
chew.
khdd,
tooth,
Root
Kvaw,
qnd,
qne,
scrape
; Lit.
qen.
Hence
bite
kandu,
cnamhuin,
gangrene.
matured
cnamhaiche,
cnap,
(M'D.)
person
Ir. cnap,
knob,
E.
Ir. cnapp
from
Hence
also G. and
Eng. knap.
Eng. knappe, blow.
cnapach, a youngster ; from
C7^ap.
knave.
varlet, Eng.
Norse
tcnarra, a ship, Ir. cnarra
; from
Norse
knappr,
Ir. cnap,
M.
But
knorr^
g.
knap^
knapi,
Norse
cf.
Sc.
blow,
knob,
boy,
S.
Ag.
knarrar,
cnear.
cnatan,
cnead,
^krod-to--,Ger.
cold:
sigh, groan,
cneadh, a wound,
kvlSt],nettle
Gr.
KVi^o),stick,
bead
button,
cneas,
skin, waist,
hoicionn
see
Br.
caress,
Ir.
cned,
E.
Ir.
knes, body,
^knidd
root
of can,
can
tundere.
Gr.
Ki/tfw, sting,
Teut.
Cf.
knit,
hit
W.
Ir. cneasda
ball
cnes
from
cen
cineal, kin.
in
as
cen
skin
flesh.
human
cnaivd,
; from
cionn,
of
from
cneas.
Ir. end,
end, 0.
*knovd
W.
Norse,
Cor.
pi. cnau.
cnyfan,
S.
hnot, Ag.
hnutu, Eng. nut,
cneuen,
nuss.
hillock, Ir,
0.
cnoc,
Ir. cnocc,
nape
have
the
Gaul,
in
ycung
Sc.
cocker
stem
W.
high,
See
q.v.
Br.
cnoch, tumulus,
Br.
cwn,
Cf.
and
referred
height,
Ag. S.
root
it
ku,
hnoll,
to
be
O.H.G.
the
root
strong,
hnol,
ceann.
woman's
noun
S.
0.
; from
^cunocco-,
as
curaidh,
head.
vertex,
cndcaid,
cuno-,
as
Ag.
neck,
the
given
great,
the
the
cnap.
cneas,
stroke
knaouenn,
Ger.
of
from
;
see
shinty
(M'D.) ;
slender
nut,
Ir.
Ir.
hnitan,
modest,
fir cone,
cneisne,
cniadaich,
cut
; Corn,
cneasda, humane,
cn^atag,
S.
Ag.
cneap,
cnoc,
Ir., cnet
E.
Ir.,
so
Ir., E.
so
sing.
say,
cno,
Kopv^a (do.).
Gr.
rotz, catarrh;
cneatan.
Also
hair
I/.
bound
up
in
fillet.
Founded
on
92
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
the Eng.
cnod, a knot, Ir. aiota
; from
shoe
cnod, a patch, piece on a
; cf. Sc. knoit, knot, large piece.
cnod.
cnodaich, acquire, lay up, Ir. cnodach, acquiring (O'R.) ; see
so-called
cnodan, the gurnet, Ir. cnuddn
(Fol.) ; cf. Sc. crooner,
from
the
borrowed
from
it makes
noise
or
croon
Sc.
mixed
crooner,
landed.
when
Sc.
with
cnoid, a sumptuous
present (Heb.) ; croid :
cnoidh, tooth-ache, severe
pain ; see cnuimh.
a
large whelk, buckie
cnomhagan,
; cf. end,
cnot,
unhusk
barley
hollowed
knot
for
out
from
cnotag,
unhusking
crout,
seems
croak.
joint
or
The
barley.
G.
nut.
block
the
The
word
is
wood
of
the
Eng.
cnuwch,
cnuachd, head, brow, temple, Ir. cruaic
(O'R.) ; cf. W.
head
of
hair, cnivch, knuckle, cnuch, joint, "^cnoucco-,
bushy
hnukr, hnjukr, knoll,
a
kneu, knu ; Norse
prominence
; root
shrewd
Hence
cnuachdach,
:
peak, ImutSr, a knob.
having
"
"
"
head."
crunch
gnash, chew,
cnuas,
crush,
crunch
for
cruais, founded
cruas,
Eng.
on
a
collection,
ponder, collect, Ir. cnuasuighim, cnuas,
and
Ir.
G.
cnuasachd,
reflection,collection,
scraping together,
cnuasaich,
"^knousto-
kmi,
; root
knevo,
Gr.
scrape,
scratch,
kvvw,
Norse
The
niggard, Eng. niggard, Ag. S. hnedw, sparing.
idea
who
is "scraping together" : a niggard is "one
scrapes."
the
and
Stokes
Lit.
root
knup,
as
(Diet.) gives
compares
St.
possibly, *knoud-to, Norse,
knupsyti, oppress.
now,
hnoggr,
knutyr,
cnuimh,
worm
cnumhagan,
hand
force.
; for
q.v.
fcrobh,
from
crohhagan,
the
crbg.
See
quia,
(Heb.)
handful
0.
for
; wrong
a
"?
cruinnich,
Cf.
ball.
Ir. co-te,
root
qo-,
now
qa-, qe;
G.
ciod,
Lat.
q.v.
quod;
; W.
Gr.
Cor.
pa,
py,
pe,
tto-Ol,etc.; Eng.
Br.
who.
coffer.
Eng. co'ffi7i,
:
co
hur
for
har,
see
tohar,
well.
cobhartach, spoil,booty :
cahhlach.
See
cobhlach, fleet.
COC,
cock,
cocaire,
the
to
cock
cook,
Lat.
; from
Ir.
coquo,
the
cocaire, M.
I
cook.
Eng.
Ir. cocaire, Cor.
OP
W.
coich
also
COChull,
THE
GAELIC
cwcwll, hood,
93
LANGUAGE.
Lat.
; from
Ir.
cochal,
Ir.
0.
cucul/us, Eng.
cochull^
coivL
COCOntachd, smartness
(A. M'D.); see coc, gog.
codaich, share, divide ; from codach, gen. of cuid.
codhail, a meeting ; see comhdhail.
cath.
COgadh, war, so Ir.,0. Ir. cocad : "^con-cath,"co-battle"
; see
0.
Ir. concubus
COgais, conscience, Ir. cogus,
+ cuhus', arid
: con
0. Ir. cubus, conscience, is for con-fis,co smdjios,knowledge,
q.v.
COgan,
loose
for latter
vessel
see
gogan
force.
small
borrowed
cogal;
from
M.
Eng.
cocTcel^
cockle.
now
coibhneas, proper
see.
spelling of caoimhneas, which
coibhseachd, propriety, so Ir. coibhseach, becoming ; cf.
cubaid
cubhaidh.
cuibdes, fittingness,from
; see
coicheid, suspicion, doubt
:
E. W.
cbig",five, Ir. cuig, 0. Ir. coic^ W. pump,
pimp, Cor.
Br. pemp,
Gaul,
Lat.
"^qenqe;
quinque ; Gr.
pempe,
pymp,
; Lit.
Trevre
penki
COigil, spare,
qel,
fimf
; Ijot.
Lat.
colo,
thought,
concern,
pdnca.
Ir. coiclim,
Ir., E.
so
save,
in
as
; Skr.
etc.
is for
Also
con-ciall
cocill
cagail.
;
Ir.
M.
E.
Ir.
cocell,
ciall,sense.
"
colcaid,
flock
bed,
0.
W.
cilcet, now
coileach,a cock,
so
Ir., 0.
Eng.
Ir.
"
Calends
; from
cailech, W.
caller
; Gr.
KaAeco, call
Lat.
coileach, q.v.
ceiliog, Cor.
"
; root
from
cylched.;
qal,
call ;
celioc,Br.
Lat.
calare,
kalba, speech,
; Lit.
etc.
the
Sc. cole, a
coileag, a cole of hay ; from
See gbileag. Coileag (Perth.).
coileid, a stir,noise (Heb.) ; cf. Eng. coil,of
seems
borrowed
cole
like
or
coil
force.
of
The
hay.
G.
therefrom.
94
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
See
meas.
meas.
comaigtech, alienigena
tCoimhdhe,
God,
Coimhdhe,
(Bk.
comded
gen.
medj think,
root
See
meditate.
of
to
For
coimhearsnach,
; from
comarse
See
0.
"
the
of
comdiu,
Providence,"
"
Lat.
tathaich.
Ir.
meditor,
modus,
Coibhi,
Celtic
the
obsolete
arch-
Coimhdhe
with
of Bede.
Ir.
watching,
0.
coimhead,
Ir.
^'com-
com^t,
didean.
see
neighbour,
fanciful
confusion
entu,
Trinity,
esteem,
7neas^
Coifi
looking,
entu-.
G.
The
Northumbrian
coimhead,
God,
(Stokes).
the
as
meas.
is due
druid,"
the
Ir.
comaitche
and
com
Ir.
comharsa,
ursainn,
gen.
E.
cdmharsan,
door-post (Zimmer).
Ir.
See
U7^sainn.
coimheart,
comparison
*com-hert,
ber,
root
of
Cf.
heir.
Lat.
confero.
"{"far puis, q.v.
wrangling : com
root
as
striving
oidkirp.
(Arg.) ; same
coimhirp, rivalry,
also
coi'lig^e(Dial.); Ir. coimhliiig;
coimhliong, a race,
course,
and
leitm.
from
lingim, I leap. For root, see
com
COimsich, perceive, Ir. coirnsighim : com-meas
meas.
; see
coimheirbse,
coimirc,
mercy,
quarter,
so
Ir. ;
see
comairce.
Lat.
or
Eng. compeer
coimpire, an equal, match
; from
Sc, Eng. cumber, cwmbering.
coimrig, trouble
; from
coimseach, indifferent
(Sh.) ; from coimeas, co-equal.
coindean, a kit (Arm. : not H.S.D.) :
coineag,
nest
of wild
bees
(M'L.) ;
cdinneach,
from
compar.
See
moss.
caoniiag.
coinean,
cunin,
Eng.
Ir. coinin, W.
coney,
0. Fr. connin, connil, from
rabbit,
from
coney,
through
coingeis, indifferent,
desire,
etc.
Cf.
same
cwning
Lat.
from
M.
cuniculus,
Eng.
whence
Fr.
as,
ailleas, from
no
matter
con-geas,
from
ail-ges.
con
giall,q.v.
geaSy
fHE
OP
(Heb.).
(Hend.)
woman
Eng.
root
some
as
; from
Stokes
here,
form
Coinneamh,
when
visions
pro-
N.
kona,
Ir.
coinne^
(gen. pi.),woman,
kvenna
de
caonach,
vatw,
that
kon-de-
cantuil
nas,
is
the
etc.
dhe, set, Gr. tlOtjijli,
coinnibh, dat. plur. "?
M.
Ir.
cimnacli,
0.
Ir.
coennich,
so
Ir., E.
; from
Ir.
Lat.
candel,
candela,
W.
0.
W.
cannuill^
canivyll,
whence
Eng.
See
COinneas, a ferret; "^con-neas, "dog-weasel'"?
coinnseas, conscience
(Hend.) :
Ir.
Ir. coinnli7i,
coinnlein, a stalk,
coinlm, M.
*kon7iaUo-
stipula,
also joins W.
cawn,
coir, just, right, Ir.,
now
t'ero-,
in
coirb, cross,
from
COinneal, candle,
from
; Skr.
dwell
I. E.
the
adverb
as
"^con-nesid
Ir. conne,
think
to
being
E.
go,
veo/xat,
seems
used
Ir.
moss,
muscosi
the
reed,
0.
Ir.
/^or,
phrase
vicious,
Lat.
Lat.,
Ir.
'n
cywir
coir, W.
neas.
0.
connall,
Ir.
Stokes
Kavva.
Hence
their
coir, in
Also
see
^ko-vero-, "co-true,"
presence
corhadh, wickedness,
corruptus.
candle.
"^kdno-.
q.v.
an
Gr.
reed,
carina,
coirceag, a bee-hive
(Sh., O'R.) :
coire, fault, so Ir., 0. Ir. caire, 0. W.
carinare, blame,
"^'karjd
; Lat.
Ch.
own
in
meeting,
dw^ell, Gr.
one.
ultimate
coinneach,
come,
nes,
join
Also
his
brings
one
queen.
coinne, coinneamh,
Cor.
Ir.
"^kond, eat,
quartering,
coinne,
E.
^5
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
E.
share.
comhair.
see
coiripidh,
cared,
abuse
W.
Let.
cerydd,
Br.
karindt,
carez,
banter,
karati, punish.
coire, a cauldron, so Ir., E. Ir. core, coire, W. pair. Cor., Br. per,
caru
*qerjo ; Norse
kverr, kettle, Ag. S. hwer \ Skr,
; Gr.
sacrificial
vessel.
a
Kkpvo"i,
coireal, coral, from the Eng.
Fr.
Ir. coireul, coiler
coireall, a quarry,
carriere,
(F. M.) ; from
I
with
SI.
dissimilation
coireaman,
Gr.
coriander,
of r's
so
(Stokes).
Ir. ;
founded
on
the
Lat.
coriandrum,
Kopiavvov.
the
Eng.
96
ETYMOLOGICAL
coisinn,
coisir, a
win
cosnadh.
see
DICTIONARY
party, coisir
coisrigeadh,
small
Ir.
boat,
the
and
G.
Hence
Eng.
Lat.
E.
coite.
Ir.
coitedir
take
the
; from
something
suggests
Indica.
; Gaul,
whence
ponto,
Ir. coitchenn
^con-tech-en
cottar.
kwA7;w, hinder,
col.,W.
species
cotia, navis
^con-tec-,root
Ir. cois-
cotta,
Stokes
cat.
Eng.
root,
Lat.
Lat.
^quontio
Ir., 0.
so
Ir. colaim
Ir.
Of.
Low
the
Deer),
of
consecratio.
ship, Eng,
from
public,
Gr.
culpa
schuld,
which
is
See
the
from
probably
colamoir,
hesitates
to
or
steak
that
referring
qela, break,
colbh, pillar,Ir
Eng. column
is allied
to
have
eider
from
; from
culpa, colpa,
the
to
of
root
Eng. collop.
Eng.
the
Ir.
colamoir
cf.
Ir.,0.
so
lack
Ir.
W.
celein, cadaver,
idea
coalmie,
Sc.
being
nek,
kill,
from
E.
Ir.
; root
qel,high.
(Heb.)
G.
by
; from
gen.
colno,
W.
celain,
(Brugmann)
; root
Cf.
for
body'"?
meaning
celff,Br. keif',Lat,
Celtic
The
influenced
oglach.
colinn,
colha, W.
culmus.
been
of
The
together.
"^colanni-
"dead
colbh,
Lat.
duck
the
com-lach,
cdmhla,
cf.
the
corpse,
veKvs,
the
Sc,
if not
columna,
Ir.
colmh,
borrowed
Lat.
colk, E.
Eng.
Fris.
kolke,
the
diver.
it
scelus, Got.
companion
body,
0.
carcase,
black
Lat.
(Sh., O'B.),
is for
colann, colainn,
from,
of
; Lat.
coal-fish.
the
Ir. comhlach
Gr.
between
Ir. colaisde
hake
fellow-soldier,
col^ *kulo-
Br.
collop (Arg.) ;
or
college,
the
colemie,
colan,
c^^/,0.
crime.
small
colaiste,
an
are
cf.
Stokes
Lat.
cole,
; from
(Bk.
root.
same
colag,
consecrad
from
Now
cot.
G.
small
Ir.
Eng. punt.
coitcheann, common,
coiteir, a cottar, Ir.
to
coitich, press one
atacli.
thig ; see
col, an impediment,
call \ and
coit,
kati,
Norse
navis,
that
Ir. coUecrad
0.
reagadh,
colt,
0.
consecration,
; from
Ir.
collach,
Ir. colloid
collaid, a clamour,
collaidh, carnal, sensual,
colatm, body, flesh.
so
boar.
see
Ir., E.
See
of
as
calg (i.e.
colg),q.
authority),Ir.
v.
collach-
cullach.
coileid.
Ir. collaide
; for
colnaide,
from
THE
OF
coUaidin, codalan,
collainn,a
colman, a
colpach, a
dove
caiman.
see
the
Ir.
dove,
Br.
colom^
coulin
of
cavity
The
^kumho-
; Gr.
0.
Lat.
; from
the
Ir.
cottar
apparently
colpindach.
samhuil.
amhuil,
M.
; from
cidtre,
Eng.
is allied
bend.
kemb, wind, as
indifferent, so Ir.,E.
it is all the
Ir.
cavity, waist,
valley, a hollow,"
cumber
; Ger.
hood
hauhe,
from
is
coim, covering,
the
q.v.
0.
Ir. cuma,
; from
same
cwm,
Lat.
0.
The
chest
"
W.
to
in cam,
root
columba.
coim,
com^
Corn.
colomen^ civlwm^
columbus,
Ir.
chest,
W.
colum,
Kvcfios,a hump,
kubko-,
root
and
G.
body.
coma,
calpach
Sc.
Hence
See
Ir.
Ir.
culter.
columan,
com,
M.
founded
; O'R.
(H.S.D.
poppy
stroke
smart
Ir.
only quoted),
from
colladh,codal, sleep.
; also coilleag.
white
collaidin, codalan
97
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
"
root
measure
me,
idem,
is cumma,
equal
measure."
Ir. cumme,
:
See
maoin.
fcomairce, protection ;
celebration
comanachadh,
comannd,
fcomar,
Br.
as
comas,
command
a
a
; from
confluence, Ir.
combach,
combaid,
companion
ckoue.
E.
Ir. commar,
; Lat.
W.
cymmer,
Root
bher,
con-fero.
comi-
owl,
W.
(from
Cf.
E.
cumas,
Ir.
^com-mestu-,
commus,
(Zimmer, Brugmann).
meas
shortened
of
form
companach.
a
"
Ir. compds
compass,
with,
com-,
; from
Ir.
con-,"
the
comh-,
0.
Eng.
Ir. com-^
It appears
Eng. com-, con-, etc.
(before m and 6), con(before d, g), etc.
:
"^com-agos-; root ag, drive %
cum,
prize, prey
comhachag,
CO
Lat.
coimh-,
cavannus
or
(Dial.):
company
COmhach,
comann
Eng.
"^kom-bero-
in
as
COmbaiste, compaiste,
"^kom-
; from
communion.
Eng.
cumar,
comar,
Ir.
power,
^mestu-, from med,
CO
the
Supper
beir.
comus,
as
communio,
kemper, confluent,
in
Lord's
of the
society,Lat.
comunn,
comraich.
see
Ger.
com-,
cuan,
the
con-,
Br.
Celtic
schuhu,
kaouen,
"
0.
Ernault),
uhu.
An
originally.
had, a comparison (Sh.); comh+fada,
about
haib, contention
rights (M'A.) :
Br.
Fr.
couann
; L.
chouette,
onomatopoetic
0.
Lat.
Fr.
word
q.v.
11
98
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
W.
0.
aver
Cor.
(Asc).
comhairc, an
Cf.
comhghar
I ask
For
-\-arc.
com
Ir.
Lat.
Ir.
iomchorc.
see
las, desire,
root
air
the
suggests
0.
Ir.
COmhait,
in
as
the
Lat.
bark
latratus,
of
W.
al,
Lat.
rear,
0.
comhartha,
airde, signuni,
vid,
root
Ir.
mark,
W.
here
M.
cyfarth, arthio,
Br.
lash,
root
Id of
comh
and
altrum.
from
and
com
*are-vidio-
etc.
Ir.
art, 0.
0.
bark,
to
cyfaillt,
See
etc.
argoez,
proe-video,
; from
dog
alo,
Ir. comarde
arwydd,
video,
le.
Skr.
Ir.
kXavvM.
Gr.
friend, "^kom-altjos,root
q.v.
E.
cdmhairce,
airle, counsel,
Ascoli
lascivus, wanton.
Idaim, mittere,
Ir.
the
air,
]r.
arc,
0.
and
comh
prep,
of
appeal, forewarning,
outcry,
comaircim,
-{-air,the
com
kever.
Br.
artram,
Cf.
arton.
Ir.
amhastrach,
barking.
comhdach, clothing, covering,
E.
Ir.
root
cumtach,
comtuch,
teg, tog,
in
as
Ir.
tigh,
q.v.
shrine"
"
covering,
"^con-ud-tog;
cuintgim, peto
"^com-di-
segim.
comhdaich,
comhdhail,
see
comhla,
See
allege, prove
E.
comhdhdil,
atach
see
Ir. comddl
ddil;
com
dail.
together,
Ir. comhldmh
com-\-ldmh,
"co-hand,
at
hand."
Idmh.
comhla,
door,
door-leaf,
root
"^com-lci-,
comhlann,
Ir.
comhla,
E.
combat,
root
Ir.
pal, pel,
comhlann,
Ir.
comla,
comlad
gen.
(cf.Lat. sim-plu-s,
in alt, joint.
zwifal, two-fold) ;
see
Ir.
meeting,
*com-atach
as
E.
Ir. comlci'tui
'^'
com
O.H.G.
"\-lann
lann.
COmhluadar,
conversation,
conversation
from
colloquy, Ir.
luaidh, speak
comhluadar,
company,
{^com-luad-tro-).
See
luaidh.
0. Ir. congnann,
inf. to congu'm, I
COmhnadh,
help, Ir. cdugnamh,
+
help : com
{g)n\, co-doing." See nl, do, gniomh, deed.
comhnard, level, Ir. comhdrd
com
+ drd, "co-high, equally high."
E. Ir.
comhnuidh,
a dwelling, Ir. comhunidlie, a tarrying, dwelling,
"
-.
coiiftnaide,a
*com-naide
root
OF
dwell
nas^
nes,
Skr.
join
nas,
COmhradh,
cdmhrag",
; Gr.
renk,
COmhstadh,
W.
Ir.
*com-iasad-
iasad
see
0.
battle,
"^kom-ranko-
Ir.
; root
assembly.
surink\mas,
rinkti, assemble,
loan
radh.
see
comrac^
cyfrang, rencounter,
; Lit.
Ir.
Cf. E.
consuetudo.
COmpairt, partnership,
companach,
companion,
"
E.
radh
com
comhrac,
borrowing,
costud,
E.
Ir. coDihrddh
Ir.
meeting,
assemble
inhabitant
vaerr]^,
one.
any
conflict,
comracc,
vcum,
conversation,
a
99
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
Eng.
Ir.
Ir.
compainoun,
co-bread-man"
pdnis,
comairche,
Ir.
comairce
teasairg,q.v.
COmunn,
society, company,
pdirt,
q.v.
; from
companach
L.
compdnio,
Lat.
combach.
Dialectic
c6mai7'ce, comruiyhe,
Ir.
the
; from
Ir.
Ir.
from
Fr.,
bread.
and
com-
M.
compdnach^
through
from
M.
; from
compdrtas
root
defend,
arc,
Lat.
; from
cumann
E.
Ir.
in
as
communio,
Eng.
Cf. gonan,
grass
communion.
con-,
with
COna,
cat's
comh-.
see
tail
or
moss
(Sh.) ;
crops
see
canach.
roots.
COnablach,
"
Dog's
conachag, a
conachair, a
sick
COnair,
path,
conaire,
(M'A.)
the
gets
Ir., 0.
"loose-strife,"Ir.
roots
kuno
conas,
currishness
conasg,
Manx
"
Ir.
conair
c6nlan,
the
(M'A.),
conar
(O'R.)
see
conas.
Conall,
H.S.D.) ; cf. the name
and
in
flath,
as
val,
(see curaidh)
q.v.
conaltra
(O'R. ; Sh.) : '^con-alt-rad/i ?
from
the
con-,
of
stem
cu,
1
Ir. conasg
furze, whins,
(O'R., Sh.):
yellow furze.
condrachd, contrachd, mischance,
curse,
Lat.
contraction.
a
shrinking,
contractus,
conf hadh, rage,
Ir. confadh, M.
Ir. confad
see
ablach.
not
better
nor
worse
"
and
Eng.
neither
(Sh., O'B.), so
way
*Cuno-valo-s,
con-
tempest,
herb
the
; from
who
person
(M'F.)
uproar
cona-ghaothach,
see
(Atkinson).
carcase
conch
con-ahlach
Ir. ; for
so
carcase,
"
cf.
above.
conas
conney,
E.
Ir.
con
contracht
+fadh
; for
from
fadh,
onfhadh.
an
Ir. conldn.
assembly,
Gaelic
word
"
Lh.
et
H.S.D.
C. S/'
gives
as
authorities
for
100
ETYMOLOGICAIi
conn,
Gr.
see;
Ir.,E.
so
sense,
Got.
with
been
hugs,
sense,
connadh,
under
wise
suggested
has
fuel,
^kondutu-
also
Ir,,
so
this
is
to
the
Eng. handy.
Got.
head.
ceann,
*cug-s-no-is possible.
W.
condud,
hid
merely
form
compared
Ir.
kond,
root
',
been
0.
seen"),
("what
array
kes.
Stokes
equates cond
for
ablaut
an
cki,
is
koct/xos,
chi
; but
as
in G.
kos, kes, as
root
cos-no-,
understand,
further
handngs,
It has
Ir. cond
Kovveo),
See
world.
DICTIONARY
Cor.
cynnud,
Lat.
cunys,
incendo
candeo,
Gr.
KOLvSapos,coal.
lust
connan,
cannula,
so
a
canna,
konnalloreed.
See
coi7inlein.
ionnsaich.
connsaich, dispvite; see under
connspair, a disputant : *con-deasbair
; see
COnnspeach, a wasp, Ir. coinnspeach (Fol.);
a
COnnspoid, a dispute, Ir. conspoid; from
^condisputatio. See deashud.
conspuU, consmunn,
a
hero,
connspunn,
deashair.
speach, wasp.
Lat. *consputatio, for
see
Ir.
heroic
conspidlach,
(O'R.):
constabal, the township's bailiff (Heb.) ; from Eng. constable.
Lat.
from
contraigh, neaptide, 0. Ir. contracht
contractus,
;
and
See condracht
traogh.
shrinking (Zeuss, Meyer).
wild
contran,
angelica, Ir. contran
(O'R.)
hornet
conuich
conuiche, a
(Arm.), conuibhe, connuibh
(H.S.D.),
in the Bible
(M'L., M'A.) ; used
by Stewart
glosses. Same
:
root
as
foam,
cop,
conas.
M.
Ir., E.
Eng.
The
copan,
shaped
copar,
copog,
head-dress,
cop,
shield
; from
cup
the
; from
cor,
0.
See
cuir.
coram,
place.
faction, a
set
(M'A.) ;
Ir. ; from
cut
cork,
knife, gully, dirk,
kirwis, axe
; Lit.
to
the
core,
core,
so
root
oats, Ir.
vertex,
copp,
tuft
Founded
W.
the
on
tufted.
copog,
the
Ir.
the
Norse
koppr,
bell-
cup,
cup.
Eng.
vb.
"^korio,I
Ir. copog.
crest,
helmet, Eng.
Ir. copar
copper,
Eng.
q.v.
boss,
of
crown
Ag. S., M.
; M.
capog
cor,
core,
as
boss,
; from
head.
head,
cop,
same
Ir. copp
positio,"jactus," '^'koru-,
Ir. cor,
from
the
Eng,
quorum.
Eng.
core
; Gr.
root
"^korko-,'^''qor-qo-,
Kepfxa,
of sgar, q.v.
coirce, M. Ir. corca,
chip,
Ketpo),
qor,
cut.
qer,
Allied
sqer
W.
Bezzenberger suggests
corn.
Possibly for kor-ko-, where
connection
ceirch,
kercli,^korkjo-.
Lettic
with
kor,
Br.
ker
is
the
kurki,
small
root
which
OF
szerti,
feed.
The
porphor
a
Ir. corda
rope,
Iy. cord
agree,
; from
cord-,
The
Ir.
Sc.
Eng.
what
Cdrn,
"
is
Lat.
Gr.
purple,
W.
the
has
of
stem
the
part,
bring
heart,
cor,
to
an
whence
cordyt, agreed.
as
cord.
corlach), corrlach,
has
A
compound
of
co?t,
over
horn, Ir., E.
drinking
corcur,
co7'd,agree,
cordaidhe, spasms
(Sh.) : "twistings," from
of grain (M'D. ; O'R.
c6rlach, bran, refuse
meal, over-plus.
coarsely ground
"
with
(Eng. purple).
Eng. cord, Lat. corda.
obsolete
Lat.
etc.
connection
0.
scarlet,
purpura
; from
from
agreement,
Eng. cordial,
makes
Lit.
satiety,
Kopos,
doubtful.
corcur,
Lat.
; from
Gr.
cereal,
meaning
Ir.
crimson,
corcur,
101
LANGUAGE.
Ceres, Eng.
pimpernel,
KopKopos,
cord,
cdrd,
Lat.
in
appears
GAELIC
THE
Ir. corn,
; Gr.
; Eng. horn
cornuil, retching, violent
cornu
W.
Br.
Jcorn, "^korno-
For
horn.
Kcpas,
coughing
corn,
^kors-no-
kors,
see
carrasan.
COron,
E.
Ir.,
crown,
Ir.
W.
coroin, cordn,
coron
(Eng. crown).
body, Ir., 0. Ir. corp, W. corff,Br. kor-f;
COrp,
(Eng. corpse, Sc. corp).
on
corr
COrpag^, tiptoe (Arm.) ; seemingly founded
from
Lat.
corona
from
COrr,
Ir., E.
crane,
hawk,
SI.
from
reiher, heron,
Gr.
c6rr,
Ir. corr,
also
E.
The
Ir.
Thurneysen
duty also
odd
"
(cf.
Kpi^w,
Ir.
snout,
for
corr,
odd
of
Eng.
; further
hjarsi,crown
corran,
corra-biod,
and
hiod
of
the
Gr.
head
Ger.
Refer
Kepas,
; and
"
means
it rather
keras-
; stem
horn,
also
Lat.
corn,
bird
of
and
doing
"
point,
to
corner.
excess,
end
")
kors-, stick
; Lat.
cerebrum,
horn,
odd
Zimmer
meanings
really
head
by
"beaked"
of
corr,
rostrum,
referred
modern
which
Kopcrr],
is
heron,
hrdgra,
Ir. cor,
Ir. corr,
name
doubtful.
comparison
out, point, head
; Gr.
crest
the
The
Eng.,
E.
been
has
"
Br.
Kepxvrj,
cregyr,
S.
Ag.
odd,
corr,
point,
crane
hoarse,
W.
0.
screech.
; G.
corr
beak."
"
Cf.
;
cherkit,
be
Kepx^^,
hoarse
KpcKe,
rostrum,
corr,
to
be
corner,
the
makes
crychydd.
corpus
of corrag.
Cor.
sparrow-hawk.
cregu,
overplus,
excess,
corr,
kraguj,
screamer,"
"
W.
corcid, ardea,
0.
Ir.
Lat.
q.v.
crista,
Norse
Hence
headland.
attitude
an
of
biog, start,
readiness
to
corra-beaga
M.
Ir.
start
; from
corr,
point,
(M'A.).
102
ETYMOLOGICAL
corradhuil,
first
eftbrt
of
DICTIONARY
infant
an
An
articulate.
to
poetic
onomato-
word.
goir^
Corran,
Cf.
q.v.
caiyo,
cut,
Skr.
The
Gaelic
an
root
G.
been
etc.,
Ketpo),
which
root,
same
be
referred
from
the
to
gives
hir, roimd,
root
(Ossianic Poems)
arrow
from
corr,
q.v.
loud
Ir.
coronach,"
"
weeping,
cordnach,
The
striking
resemblance
funeral
M,
to
couroux
Cameron
Dr
as
corr.
barbed
corrach.
Fr.
korso-.
korpso-,
see
ra?z.
dirge: co -\- ran-ach, "co-weeping";
corradhuil.
corrg'huil, a murmur,
chirping (Heb.) ; see
corrlach, coarsely ground meal, overplus ; see corlaclt.
Ir. corruighe, vb. corruighim, stir,
COrruich, anger,
rage,
from
kerpu,
Lit.
(Eng. harvest),
may
in core,
as
(O'CL).
circuit
see
spear,
point,
corranach,
also
the
fruit
Kap-n-os,
sword.
Ir. cor,
headland
0.
of
gar^
"^korso-, root
corrdn,
Gr.
qero,
from
cut,
Gr.
krpana,
has
I. E.
Ir.
M.
carrdn,
of
qerpo^
cull,
cruinn,
corrdn^
extension
I. E.
Lat.
corran,
Ir.
sickle,
kors, kers,
corran,
; from
q.v.
in
heron
Eng.
cry,
shake
couroux,
remarked
by
corsa,
coast
cor-shiomain,
COS,
COS,
a
a
thraw-crook
foot, leg
Ir.
cave,
see
cave,
possible
hide,
hut.
*cavosto-,
COSd, cost,
Eng.
to
Ir.
q.v.,
cavo-,
kjds,
in
Lewis
(n), M.
sioman,
q.v.
hollow
deep
the
in
M.
Coose,
; Lat.
Gr.
hide,
hollow
or
Ir. cuas,
It
cavus.
KevOo), Eng.
place,
place-name
is
is not
Keose.
Ir. costus,
W.
cost
; from
0.
which
Fr.
cost,
cost.
COSgairt, slaughtering
valuation
cosgaradh,
entitled
to
Norse
casgairt.
see
sheep and
state
Icost-gortS,
the
of
cattle
cost
of
affairs
cosmailius
crofter
is
(Lewis).
of
cost.
by-form
coslach, like, coslas, likeness, Ir., cosmhuil,
COSgus,
and
cosnadh.
see
cosdus
from
"^coud-to,koudh,
Norse
it appears
industrious
COSanta,
it
The
allied, but
car,
Coos,
topographically
refer
to
or
cor
cas.
cuas,
hollow
; from
cruiser.
(n.):
cosmhail, like ;
COSmal, rubbish,
see
con
the
refuse
samha.il,
like,
q.v.
above.
of
meat,
etc.
(M'A.)
0.
Ir.
cosmail,
The
OF
COSnadh,
earning,
*co-sen-,
profitable,
Gr.
sanati,
COStag;, costmary
cot, a cottage ;
COta,
COthachadh,
sen^
the
Eng.
from
san^
M.
Ir.
cot.
the
Eng.
the
; from
earning
teg, tog,
strive
Eng.
Ir.
support,
in
as
COthan, pulp,
; see
Ir.
COthar, a coffer,
cofra ; from
cothlamadh,
things of a difterent
COthrom,
fairplay, justice, Ir.
comtliroin, par
the
mixed
comhthrom,
together :
equilibrium,
0.
Ir.
crddh.
ct
Ir.
crdihdecli,crabud, fides, W.
; Skr.
trust.
vi-cjatnbli,
the
crabhat, a cravat, Ir. carabhat
Eng.
; from
crack.
conversation
from
Sc,
Eng.
cracas,
;
cradh, torment, Ir. crddh, E. Ir. crdd, crdidim
(vb.).
he
compared 0. Ir. tacrdth, exacerbatione, which
acrcid-,derived
E.
q.v.
crdhhach,
Eng.
nature
trom,
com
Ir.
devout,
of
cothugud.,
*?
catli,battle
; from
Ir.
M.
cotkughadh,
tigh ?
omhan.
froth
stem
cosnajn,
Eng.
; from
cotdn
support ; from
COthaich, contend,
crabhach,
Ir.
avv[XL.
; from
cota-ban, a groat
COtan, cotton, Ir.
Skr.
0.
defence,
cosnamh,
booty.
"vapa,
Gr.
; Ir. cota
coat
root
103
LANGUAGE.
Ir.
winning,
contentio,
Skr.
GAELIC
from
it
Possibly
Lat.
acritas.
has
arisen
This
will
the
from
Ascoli
has
refers
to
suit
not
the
ker, cut,
root
hurt, (ker,krd).
cra-dhearg,
crag,
crac,
crag,
knock
fissure
Ir.
kroc'hen,
*krok-kenn
Norse
the
crack.
Eng.
0.
"^krokkenno-,
kenn
Ir.
W,
allied
is
crb.
see
crack.
Eng.
; and
hryggr
cro-derg
croiceann,
krok
Ir.
from
the
; from
craicionn, skin,
Br.
E.
blood-red,
to
is
crohen,
(I). From
rilcken, back, Eng. ridge,
croen,
Ger.
allied
Cor.
tergus.
crocenji,
to
"^krokno-
Eng.
skm.
For
it, see
dried
peat
boicionn.
craidhneach,
for
root,
craigean,
craimhinn,
crain,
skeleton,
creathach,
see
frog,
from
"grunter,"
figure, craidhneag,
gaunt
Ir.
root
(^^krat-ni-).
the well-pawed
crbg, q.v. :
"
crag,
crdin,
qreq,
M.
as
from
Ir.
in
crdnai
Lat.
cndmh,
crocio, croak,
crddh.
lot, q.v.
one."
v.
(gen. case^
grunt.
crton,
Ir. cnamhuinn:
cancer,
sow,
*crdcnix,
Lit.
krokti,
104
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONAKY
the
Eng.
cramb, a cramp-iron, Ir. crampa
; from
a
crampadh,
:
crambadh,
quarrel
the
cralaidh, crawl, crawling ; from
Eng.
W.
a
tree, lot, 0. Ir. crann^
tree, a plough, Ir. crann,
crann,
Br.
"^qrenno-; cf. Gr. Kpdvov, cornel, Lat. cornus,
:
prenn
keras,
tree
stump,
correlated
Windisch
satisfactory
crannadh,
crannag",
crannog,
wooden
crann
crannchur,
and
crannlach,
for
decrepit
crannda,
from
frame
hold
to
word
fir
Ir. crannoc,
"
in
crannogs
means
vessel,
lakes.
Irish
kinds
many
Ir.
candles,
wooden
"
especially the
the
the
wooden
of
lands.
Ir.
lots,
0.
crannchar,
Ir. cranchur
from
C2iir.
teal, red-breasted
the
duck,
form,
stands
rather
Welsh,
Ir.
basket, M.
or
lot, casting
crann
craobh,
wooden
Gadelic
in
structures
this
wood."
to
(Bezzenberger).
but
oaken,
the
Lit.
oak.
structure,
From
of
shrivelling,
pulpit, a
a
hamper
kirno,
shrub
quernus,
view
quercus,
"running
in
is
withering,
crann
Pruss.
Lat.
it
as
from
quercnuB^
0.
and
; from
merganser
and
crann
lack,
q.v.
tree,
Ir., E.
so
Ir.
croeb, crdeb,
^'croih
of
Eng.
root
in
congeners
other
some
rending
other
languages
words
tree
tree
as
is from
from
are
the
and
its
and
violence
meaning
roots
numerous
der, split ;
root
or
splittable,"
"the
'^
For
of
kri,
root
see
criathar.
craoiseach, a
craoit, a croft
craos,
spear,
wide,
0.
Ir.
see
Ir. croisech
E.
open
cras^ach,
cratach, back
crath, shake,
This
of person,
Ir.
cfs. W.
Lat.
to
crdes,
croes,
buffoon.
croesan,
crdpula,
Gr.
to
or
intoxication.
an
place
across
H.S.D.
for
for
; for
crosg,
C.
8.)
; from
"^'crapso-,"^krps, root
(Skye)
side
erathadh,
kresti, kratyti,
It has
for
Ir.
E.
from
cros
obsolete
krp
eras,
of
Lat.
corpus
Lit.
q.v.
corpulent (Sh. ;
(O'Cl.)j Ir. eras,
body
Ir.,
so
Zimmer
k""apestu-, allied
Possibly a
from
KpaLTvaXrj,headache
crasgach, cross-ways,
crasg",
cross,
craobh
gluttony,
mouth,
crois, a
from
croit.
Celtic
of
0.
Ir.
shake.
compared to
sker
cTKapSdu),root
would
suit
G.
in
crith,
W.
erot
crothim,
But
Gr.
been
"^krto- ;
it may
be
perhaps
allied
KpaSdw, brandish,
spring, Ger.
cr;^d and ysgryd.
crKatpw,
to
which
allied
to
crith, q.v.
may
be
scherz, joke.
OF
criathar,
have
is
the
without
doing
this
again
which
qre,
the
violence
of
Cf.
cretus.
is
0.
shell,
fir
Ir.
mountain
separate,
the
modern
ce.
This
in
agreement
cyino
supposing
in
as
G.
has
points
with
to
Lat.
give
the
to
creta
cerno,
cone
C7ech, plundering,
(as fire).
catch
Br.
crogen,
creachann,
"
cretus,
"^crino,Gr.
for
any
in gne,
from
creubh.
see
Cor.
Its
pry.
not
find
we
krei.
Br.
as
be
ceimo
kri,
qreid-, but
as
which
qre-jd, root
stem
If
root
are
stem
sound
explains
labialised
not
Cor.,
pridd^
Wharton
the
phonetics
gives
peculiar
and
it
W.
is doubtful.
cerno,
and
Celtic
Stokes
creta, which
should
we
Kpcvio,
The
from
105
LANGUAGE.
criad,
g.
ere.,
Lat,
to
"sifted,"
Ir,
GAELIC
THE
bare
bared,"
From
hosting
the
cf. Br.
ker, cut,'
root
creuchd.
shell
(O'll.);
cf. W.
cragen,
krog.
summit
from
of
creach
hill
wanting
foliage, a
with
calf's entrails
creachan, pudding made
a
(M'L.) :
creadhonadh,
a
twitching, piercing pain (Heb.) ; possibly for
ciieadh-ghonadh,
wound-piercing."
Also
Ir.
curtailed
of carraig.
form
a
rock,
so
a
(Dialecticreag,
;
cally) craig". Hence
Eng. crag.
W.
creamh, garlic, Ir. creamh, earlier crem,
craf ; Gr.
Kpofivov,
S.
Lit.
onion
hramse, Eng.
kermusze, wild
ramsons
; Ag.
;
garlic.
crion, quake, tear up (Carm.) :
crean,
(Arm. ; not
creanair, sedition
H.S.D.), so Ir. (O'R.) :
considers
it
whetting or hacking of sticks (M'F. ; H.S.D.
creanas,
Dialectic),neat-handed
(M'L.) :
creapall, entangling, hindering, so Ir. ; it is an Ir. word
evidently,
Lh. ; founded
from
on
Eng, cripple.
creapall, a garter, creapailld (Skye) ; (Arm. creapull) :
creathach, (faded) underwood,
firewood, Ir. creathach, hurdle,
brushwood,
faggots (O'li.): "^'krto- ; cf. crion.
Northern
M. Eng. credit, Sc. creddle, Eng.
creathall, cradle, from
Further
derivation
uncertain
at present
cradle, Ag. S. cradol.
(Murray).
creathall, a lamprey :
creatrach, a wilderness, so Ir. (Lh., etc.); M'A.
gives the word,
"
but
it is
clearlyIr.
Cf.
creathach.
12
106
ETYMOLOGICAL
creic, sell, M.
buy, W.
Ir.
creicc,sale, E.
buy
prynn,
confusion
creid, believe,
and
G.
in
Ir.
"^kreddio
credrdo,
"
Lat.
give
creim, creidhm,
creim.
"
")
gnaw
cnamh,
or
crein,
"You
creis,
the
after
suffer
Lat.
buy
crassa,
creithleag,
cred,
for
it !
Sc.
gadfly,
From
erad-dadhdnii.
derivative
of Norse
cnithio, cnoi
hrcekja,
because
Ir.
M.
also
{which
becomes
early
Allied
H.).
"
See
thick.
under
means
in
as
the
of
wi
Ir.
so
Cf
(Fob),
Lett,
Fr.
crenim, buy
Ir.
M.
craisse,
is of like
grease
krihindt,
Ir.
creic.
0.
Eng.
0.
the
to
creische, from
crassus,
scratch
Br.
cresy,
kn
of
(W.
; from
grease
credit,Cor.
first vowel,
for
will
The
q.v.
seems
rei",sell,q.v,
W.
Skr.
some
creiniya,W.
from
cretim,
;
; from
chew,
gnaw,
Ir. is also
Ir.
crenim^
There
(do.).
tlie word
Ir.
to."
crooked
hook, krcekill,a
krinami
credo
heart
0.
0.
creic,buying,
Ir. with
E.
Ir.
Skr.
creidim,
cridiff,
DrCTrOXAllY
W.
crehar,
oft".
gnaw
cre.^se, from
origin,
root
creyr,
Ir.
creabhar,
horse-fly.
cre6th, wound, hurt (Dialectic),Ir. creo, a wound
(O'R.); creonadh,
being pained : "^krevo- as in cro, blood.
creubh, creubhag, ere, the body ; cf. M. Ir. cri, ^kreivio-jflesh,
hrae, body, (). H. G. hreo, corpse.
body ; Got. hraiva-, Norse
It is possible to refer cri, ere
0. H. G.
to *krepi-, Lat.
corpus,
href, Ag. S. hrif,body, Eng. mid-r^^. Stokes
:
krpes.
C7^i,
the Eng. crave.
creubh, dun, crave
; from
creubh.
in health
creubhaidh, tender
; seemingly from
Ir.
W.
creuchd, wound,
craith, scar, creithen,
creachd, 0. Ir. crecht,
Br.
M.
creizenn
root
kerp, ker. Lit. kerpu,
(do.), "^crempto- ;
cut, Skr. krpana, sword
gives the Celtic
(Strachan). Stokes
This
as
krekto-s,and Bez. cfs. Norse
hrekja, worry.
neglects
the
of Gadelic.
creud, what,
Ir.
creud, cread,
E.
Ir. cret
; for
ce
See
ret.
co
and
rud.
creud, creed,
believe
Ir.
the
creidh,
M.
Ir.
first word
credo,
W.
credo
; from
Apostles' Creed
of the
in
Lat.
credo,
Lat.
Lat.
creatura.
creutair, creature, Ir. creatur, W. creadwr
; from
Ir.
the
criadh, clay, so
Really
oblique form of ere, q.v.
criathar, a sieve, Ir., 0. Ir. criathar, 0. W. cruitr, Cor. croider,
M.
Br. croezr,
^kreitro; Ag. S. hridder, hriddel, Eng. riddle,
Ger.
reiter
separate,
; further
whence
criachadh, proposing
define,from finis
Lat.
Gr.
to
and
{*k7^i-0ro-n)
; root
crtbrum
kri, krei,
Kplvui,Eng. critic,etc.
oneself
end,
used
from
for
crioch,
end.
"purpose."
Cf.
Eng.
THE
OF
Cridhe, heart,
Ir,
Ger.
0.
croidhe,
Ir.
Jierz ; Lit.
107
LANGUAGE.
cride, W.
KpaSia, KapSta
Gr.
*krdjo-n\
GAELIC
Lat.
Br.
craidd,
kreis^ middle,
cordis;
cor,
Eiig. Jteart,
szirdis.
form
from
itself
doubtful, and,
is
creel, as,
through
only in Sh.,
exists
crioch, end,
Ir.
separate,
as
W.
crip,
0.
Slav,
of Lat.
crion
aKiqparo'^,
side.
from
dialectic
Cf.
M'A.
cries, a
Ir.
kre
crin,
join
Bezzenberger
and, for
strewed,"
the
"
referred
K6yoa/xat,
W.
the
to
root
criu, fragile,(hy,
belong to root ker,
to
appears
Lat.
rend,
Got.
caries, decay,
Stokes
sword.
hairus,
"p^d,cook, possibly
form
which
of
mix.
things, prudent,
crionda,
Ir.
shows
criopag, a clew
belt, girdle,so Ir., 0.
shirt, E.
the
Criosdaidh,
G.
root
W.
Bez.
krid
; founded
criopog
has
circle, knee-cap,
the
been
krei,
root
kreikti, strew,
strand,
r.ruCimi,break,
small
to
kreis, middle.
to
the
wrinkle,
crys,
croidhleag.
from
so
Ir.
:
"
Ir.
an
small
(crlonna. Con.)
its connection
with
crion.
crintach, sordid.
W.
criopag,
E.
root
Gr.
G.
The
creim.
see
untouched,
pure,
Skr.
crdua, cooked,
reviling."
crionna, attentive
also
; the
Skr.
has
crion,
Ir.
also
criol
KpiKo^.
bit
kera, mix,
canachd,
word
It
for
etymology
an
See
Lit.
Ger., Eng.
circus,circle,Gr.
root
for
Lh.
taken
appearance,
craticula.
it in
compare
the
to
kera, destroy,
the
Lat.
found
and
comb,
strana,
it to
elsewhere
crion, little,withered,
Br. krin, ^kreiio-s
Gr.
Fr.,
from
who
allies
look
0.
appeal
sense,
to
it is best
Lh.,
all
from
crys,
of yarn.
Ir. criss,fo-chridigedar,
M.
belt,
suggests
cridhe,
Br.
It
accingat, W.
crisaff,succingere,
with
comparison
skreiste,mantle.
of
crimp, crumple.
Eng.
on
has
been
Lit.
Br.
skritidys,
referred
also
heart.
One.
the Anointed
X/oto-T09,
the Eng.
Ir
from
cricstal,a crystal,so
;
vessel
criot,an earthen
(Dialect,H.S.D.),
made
earthen
of clay (O'B.),criot,an
Ir.
Ir.
cristaige;
Lat.
from
Christus,
Gr.
criotamhail, earthen,
vessel
(O'R.) :
108
DlCTIONAtlY
ETYMOLOGICAT.
cniadaich.
criotaich, caress
; see
from
the Eng. cripple.
criplich, a cripple ;
E.
Ir. crith, W.
crith, shake, quiver, Ir.,
cryd, 0. W. crit^ "^krituSee
crath, to which
Ag. S. hri^a^ fever, Ger. ritten, fever.
crith has been
krot, kret).
suggested as cognate (root h%
critheann, critheach, the aspen
tree, Ir. crann-criiheach
; from
crith.
cro,
sheep cot,
W.
pig-stye,
Ir. cro,
pen,
hovel,
craw^
a
*kr"i'po-s.^
stye,
shed
(Stokes).
Ir.
M.
roof
Br.
pig-stye,
kraou,
/lto, small
Norse
stable,
Norse
Sc.
pen,
muice,
na
crou,
hrof.,Eng. roq/j
S.
Ag.
The
cro
lir6j\a
seem
croo.^
borrowed.
cro,
the
of
eye
Ir. cro,
needle, Ir., E.
W.
M.
crcm.,
crdo., Br.
Br.
kraouenn.
fcro, blood,
E.
Ir.
cro.,
cruor,
gore
; Lit.
Kpeas,
flesh
This
is the
the
Scoto-Celtic
croc,
beat, pound
croc,
branch
crocan,
of
croch, hang,
Ir.
crog
and
its
crodh,
the
deer's
horn
the
product
Ir.
Lat.
Lat.
flesh
raw
origin
same
of the
; Gr.
the
as
in
downwards,
king
gallows, E.
cross,
blood.
cro,
individuals
various
crook.
krokr, Eng.
krokr, Eng. crook.
crock, cross,
Ir.
crucis.
crux,
Lat.
; from
Gr.
from
crocus,
crocus,
KpoKos,
saffron.
crodh,
(cattle): *krodo-,
I, E.
(man),
herd
qordh,
Ch.
M.
cattle,
dowry,
Lit.
kerdzus,
kravis,
; cf. Norse
Norse
the
Ir. croch
cattle,
the
weregild
crochaim, croch,
; from
croch, saflron,
From
cro.
from
Kingdom,
(Dialectic,H.S.D.)
a
Skr.
^krovo-s
croiv^
rctiv.
cro,
crools: ; from
W.
Ir.
Sc.
Cor.
crau,
blood
kraujas,
Eng.
W.
cru,
qerdh
SI.
Ir.
crod,
wealth
Ger.
hei^de
Eng. herd,
creda,
; Skr.
herd
cardhas^
troop,
"
cruUi.
crog",
earthen
an
E.
Ir.
crocann,
vessel, crog'an,
a
pitcher, Ir. crogdn, pitcher,
olla, W.
crochan, "^krokko- ; Gr.
Kpwa-ao^,
pitcher ("^k^wkJos)
; to which
how% Eng. crock, Ag. S. crocca,
andW.
derives
vessel
phonetics (G. g
these
being
aged ewe
crog*,
beast, Fries,
an
words
the
Norse
0.
Ir.
borrowing
krukka,
ch.)are
W.
from
allied, by
are
Ger.
krug.
crocemi,
"
"
G.
Schrader
unsatisfactory.
skin
some-
skin
"
original,
; from
krakke,
the
Sc.
broken-down
crock
cf. Norw.
horse,
etc.
krake,
sickly
THE
OF
largo hand,
Crog;,
hand
Nvrist to
from
crog'aid,a
beast
in
(M'A.)
horns
crobJi, hand
Ir, c/yj6,fiand.
0.
hoof,
Ir.
; from
crubli.
Sec
/
crog
gnarled
small
"^crobhag,
form,
paw
fingers, paw,
with
10"
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
tree
thornbush
croghren, gallows
Lat.
from
crucis,
antx^
Ir., E.
so
cross,
croistara, cranntara,
tara
Dialectic
cro.
latter
for
crilein.
cro.
Ir. cros.s, W.
also
As
to
Lat.
; from
ax"es
the
-tara, -tarra,
above.
crois
see
cnoid.
is crodhadh.
meaning
crois,
A\^
fiery
cf. the
tara,
crux.
cross
croin +
Norse
tara,
war
(Cam.).
croit, a hump, hillock, Ir. croit, W. crtuth,a hunch, harp, croi/i,a
krot, kurt,
protuberant part (as calf of leg), ^crotti- ; from
kur, round,
root
croit,a
croft
W.
croth,
the
G.
may
crolot, wound
Br.
0.
Br.
Eng.
be
simply
dangerously
Ir.
crum,
Stokes
sense
refers
to
metaphorical
cro
Ir.
borrowed
holds
that
Celtic
It
the
words
is
cromadli,
an
cron,
and
; from
fault, harm,
as
and
vice
The
coincidence,
is it does
of
the
Teutonic
happen
not
middle
the
Stokes
all in
at
is bound
which
been
Dr
versa.
connected
The
that
holding
some
kroiii,
have
krumm,
borrowers.
be
to
length
Ger.
l"r.
cruimt
and
reality.
happen
to
oftener.
finger, Ir.
cruma,
crom.
from
Ir.
is that
idea
the
wonder
the
cf.
; l)ut
harp
crivia,
root
same
Celts,
seem
the
kite, hawk,
The
are
not
measure
croinadli
croman,
Celts
do
accidental
sometimes,
the
from
vulva,"
croit, croft.
W.
cromm,
the
; from
emit,
of
use
"
of
-{-lot,q.v.
0.
crom,
"^kminho-
q.v.
the
In
croft.
which
courz,
bent, Ir., E.
crom,
ciidnn, emit,
in
as
the
; from
crom.
cronaim,
of
being
1 bewitch
"
; cf. M.
fore-spoken
"
Ir. croii,
by
rebidving.
witchcraft.
See
next.
cronaich, rebuke,
E.
Ir.
rbmr,
cronan,
croniiigliim,M.
(do.), *kmno-
shouting, Ag.
(Mann,
defines
Ir.
air-chron
dirge,
croon,
and
Cust.
it
as
the
S.
liream,
Ir.
cronaigim,
; cf.
a
murmuring
hru,
rebuking,
noise,
Norse
din.
purring, Ir., E,
III., 246) writes
low
Tent,
cron,
or
Ir.
the
O'Curry
crondn.
Ir.
chorus
as
to
crbndn,
each
verse
and
of
ilO
ETYMOLOGICAL
the
akWd
or
corresponds
Low
M.
in
kreunen^
related
are
Gadelic
O.
It
Uu.
Sc.
M.
other
L. G.
that
the
kroenen,
Low
Ger.
Gadelic
and
from
came
clear
each
kronen, lament,
chronan,
the
seems
(15th century),
croyn
M.
groan,
H. G.
thinks
to
(Suth.) ;
person
under
by borrowing
seemingly
kroppinn, deformed.
^ovae
from
cruO.
So. croon,
is borrowed.
deformed
See
Da.
to
(Murray,
Eng. period).
Teutonic
cropan,
singing.
who
M.
the
choral
kroutn, growl,
(j.
chatter
DICTIOKARV
Ir.
all
; also
crosanta
from
G.
basis
the
a^os,
(and
crosan
of
crois,
q.v.
crosanachd, from
crosda, perverse,
chorister.
poet,
irascible, so
crosan,
Ir. ; from
the
G.
base
of
cr-os
crois,
cross.
from
Sc.
; cf. Gr.
crottle.
crotal
crotal
is from
the
Lat.
small
means
In
crotalum,
bell
pear-shaped
(Murray).
cruach, a pile,heap, Ir., E.
on
husk
"
word
"^'crottal ;
excrescence
an
Kponovy],
Ir.
M.
cudbear
dyeing,
(which
last
the
rattle
"
or
cruach,
Ir.
Cor.
crug.
G.
the
used
Eng.
cruc,
crotal
0.
Br.
hrdya,
pile,kriivi,heap ; Norse
Others
the
Norse
hraukr, a small
heap.
compared
stack, Ag. S. hredc, Eng. 7'ick.
cruachan, cruachainn, liip,upper
part of the hip, E. Ir. craachait;
Stokes
translates
the
Ir. as
from
cruach, heap, hump.
considers
"chine," and
it, like the corresponding Ger. krniz,
*kroiikd
cruc,
krduti,
W.
be
senses
Irish
Ir.
the
Hence
may
two
; the
rattle, whence
*krot-to-,
tree.
; Lit.
to
have
derived
Lat.
from
distinctlyagainst
cruaidh,
Ir.
hard,
be
bloody,
cruaidh,
0.
Ir.
whence
raw,
The
cross.
Gaelic
meaning
is
*kroudi-s
cruaid,
c7-b,blood,
; root
{\.\. ; Lat.
kreva,
to
criidus, Eng.
Hence
crude.
criXcem,
this,
crub,
bed
the
cruban,
crubh,
hoof
and
crudha,
(Carm.)
recess
horse's
; Zend
corn,
horse
hoof,
^rva,
q.A\
Ir.
W.
crivban.
crohh, paw,
";ruva,
nail,
hoof,
horn
From
E.
crw6
Ir.
; further
Gr.
above,
crii, "^kruvo-,
KC/oa?,
horn,
(Stokes).
shoe,
Ir, crudli
seemingly
from
the
above
word.
GAELIC
THE
OP
Ill
LANGUAGE.
:
cruidein, the king-fisher,Jr. cruidin
cridbhean.
cruidhean, paw
(Arm.)
0. Ir. cruim, W.,
Ir. cnuimh,
cruimh, a worm,
=
*qr7ni-
cruinn, round,
Lett,
kirmis,
; Lit.
Ir. C7'uind, W.
0.
L\,
so
root
Kvpros,
bent,
berger
cfs. the
; Skr.
seisms
in
as
crundi-
form
krimis.
krenn, "^krundi-s',
Br.
Cf.
q.v.
Lat.
Eng.
corona,
kur
from
pryf, Vtv.prenv,
krmis,
criun,
car,
ring',Lat.
Kopcovij,
Qov.
Gr.
Bezzen-
croivn.
Lat.
to
curvus
rotundus
from
7^ota..
cruisgein,
0.
Fr.
Ir.
jug,
lamp,
Tent.
from
creusequin,
Eng. cruskyn,
Eng. cruse.
kru!", whence
hollow
vault
of
church
from
from
Eng.
cruit, a
A.D.) chrotta,
G.
cruinn,
"^krotta
Gr.
q.v.,
Stokes
refers
to
*krt-on-,
kertu,
; Gr.
cut
Eng.
compared
Lat.
Kecpco,
the
to
Ir.
Lat.
"the
"
curtns,
in
as
croivd.
It
Lat.
h-
cruit
"
is cut
(Rhys).
cereal^ and
Ir.
().
which
that
etc.
Ceres, Eng.
in
as
curved
krof, strike,
root
crnitJmeachd,
root
the
kur,
root
(do.):
Kvpros
it
Gr.
necht
krot, kurt,
krot-ta-, from
round,
instrument."
as
M.
; from
crdugln
has
Lit.
been
crescn,
creo,
in cruth.
crulaist,
hill
rocky
from
(H.S.D.,
MSS.)
from
cruaidJi
Cf.
cruailinn.
the
plant skirret
(Cameron).
the
hip bone, Ir.
cruman,
crumag,
crun,
instrument
; from
crown,
Ir. cj^ihi ;
from
Lat.
crunnluadh,
crup,
crouch,
cruppeU
Skr.
quick
M.
from
Eng.
in
measure
Ir.
contract,
cripple,
See
; Lat.
crooked
cram
surgical
0.
from
crtine,
Fr.
coronne,
crupaim
root
*ku6,
cerus,
^.
g.
nuisic
pipe
cruinn
founded
luath.
the
on
in
appearing
crup,
M.
Sc.
Eng.
cruppeyi,
cruhach.
kar, make,
cvd.
bone,
Gaelic
crom.
krtas,
'^knnoa
cdnas.
Ir.
creator,
hip
crwncm,
crusbal, crucible
(Hend.).
cruscladh, wrinkling :
cruth, form, figure, Ir., 0.
Skr.
From
corona.
contracted.
make
crummock.
Sc.
cruth,
W.
Eng.
creo,
jyryd, ^qrtu-s,
create
Lit.
root
qer,
kuriii, build
made.
:
con,
W.
; Gr.
Lat.
Cor.,
canis
Br.
;
ki, pi. Br
Eng.
hound
112
ETYMOLOGICAT.
cuach,
KavKa
the
from
W.
The
cuach,
cuag",
DICTIONARY
cawg
curl,
Ir. ; from
so
awkward
an
phonetically they
certainly borrowed,
the
an
hue, bend.
cu'ag, cubhag,
Lit.
Ir.
poetic origin
0.
cuach^
the
from
"
Ir.
cuckoo's
refers
to
shelled
and
*koglenno-,
stem
Ir.
; Skr.
cog, of onomato-
hiku,
whence
metaphorically
Eng.
kokilas, koka.
(Stokes).
Gr.
This
koxAos^,
; also
bend
that
for
is
similar
spiral-
cochlea.
uncertain.
derivation
bundle
"
Stokes
Lat.
Gr.
the
cwU
heel
qeuq,
of
cfs.
As
from
; root
cry
the
the
on
ciiach, W.
cuckoo, Lat
cuailean,
cognate.
knil'u,liook
cuckoo,
be
may
excrescence
(Dialectic): "^kouggci,*kouk-gd
guag
is borrowed
above,
kink,
curve,
Gr.
caucus^
cuach
Lat., though
is
Lat.
cord
or
Of
hair."
Ir.,E.
; Lat.
may,
however,
caiUis,
be
cuaille, *krtullio-
; Lit.
bone
kdula^, a
^coud-s-lio-,from
qoud,
for
CUairsg, roll,wreathe,
-sqS.
cuairt, circuit,
stalk
Ir.
Ir. ; from
so
; Gr.
(Stokes).
Lat.
cuairt, with
KaiAos,
cudo,
the
It
strike,
termination
'
kukrti-,
Ir., 0.
so
kw,
from
faggot, burden
root
kug., qeug
CUal,
Ir.
cuairt.
circle,
cuanal,
E.
Ir. cuan.,
cuannar,
cuanna,
Ir.
cattle
kcmm-uavos,
cuaran,
brogue,
covering
ro-
; root
for
band
from
refer
sock,
the
foot
keu, ku,
hf/d {*kuti-).
as
Norse
'^copno-;
Fr.
and
in
kofn,
of
; also
cuanna
cuanta,
the
paining, tormenting
Dictionaries
The
harbour,
aian,
cuaradh,
''^
neat
as
Ger.
stem
Ir., M.
ocean,
the
in cruinn.
as
kugis, heap,
cuallach, herding or tending
cuallach, society,family, Ir
companion :
the
gives
of
cuan,
Stokes
robust,
bend
; Skr.
word
to
ciLcirog,
M.
ciicrr,as
Ir.
]3ialectic
cuardn,
leg, *kourano-,
Lat.
"
W.
mocassin
cu-tis,skin, Eng.
form.
curan,
"
"^keu-
hide, Ag.
S.
OF
Cuartacll, a
(Arg.) ; from
ringworm
(Hciid.) :
cuartag,
;i
cuat,
cub,
sweetheart
cave
sec
cos.
(Carm.)
the
probably
box-cait
tumbril,
cuairt,
[ever
cuas,
113
LANGUAGE.
(JAELIC
TUB
same
So.
From
Eiig.
as
coo'p^
coo}^,
l)ox-cart, etc.,
am/j,
coba.
Dialectic
basket.
Lat.
on
cubo, lie.
cub, crouch, Ir. cdbami
; founded
Lat.
/"i6//)i^w7?i,
cubaid, pulpit ; ultimately from
a
speaking
bubaid.
whence
Dialectic
Eng. 2mlj)it,Sc. poojnt.
the Eng.
cubair, a cooper
; from
cuckoo
cu'ar/.
: see
cubhag,
cubhaidh,
Jr., 0.
fit,so
vedo-^ "suiting";
cubhraidh,
E.
roUtid, fit,cubaithiu,
Ir.
ved, bind,
root
Ir.
fragrant,
cumhra,
cumhixi,
M.
Ir.
cum.rae,
cumra,
Ir. cumrai
cudaig,
fish
the
Cudainn,
cuddy,
haddock
Eng.
bushel
large
quiddie,
small
M.
tub.
probably from
a
deep vessel.
cudrom,
cudthrom,
Celt,
Sc.
Ir.
See
cuddy,
cuidin,
cudog, codog,
cudden,
coithm,
kotvX)],cup,
*con-trom-,
Ir.
"
may
coodi^,
is
catinus,
Lat.
co-heavy
catimtf^,
"
Ir.
0.
cuideam.
Dialectic
trom.
Sc.
hutr^ cask,
cf. Norse
/i-otmo-,Gr.
weight
similis.
cutriimme,
*con-
cudainn.
Also
tub;
or
coalfish,
the
of
young
origin (Murray).
of G.
cover,
cladJi,q.v.
*cod-do-
haddock,
be
from
*co}i-
feadhainn.
as
concinnior
form,
plat-
Lat.
coquina.
CUgainn, delicacy, kitchen," E. Ir. ciiicen ; from
food
(Carm.) :
CUgan,
mab, or wild cat (Carm.) :
CUgar,
CUgullach, precarious, unstable
(Carm.) :
cuibheas, sufficiency:
cuibheasach, tolerable, middling, Ir. cuihheasach, decent, pretty
good, fairlygood (in health), cuibheas, decency, cuibhe, decent.
"
See
cubhaidh
possible
to
for
derive
The
stem.
the
word
Ir.
from
cuihhe
shows
that
^con-vesii-, root
it
vesu
is
of
feabhas.
cuibhle, cuibhill, a
cuibhne, deer's horn
cuibhreach,
W.
bond
bond,
rhwym,
; Lat.
wheel
; from
ivheel.
Eng.
vinculum,
corrigia,
so
Ir.,0.
Br.
Ir.
(H.S.D.)
cuimrech,
vb.
conriug, ligo,
rum.,
shoe-lace
tibia
M.
H,
G.
ric, band,
string.
13
114
ETYMOLOGICAli
Stokes
(rightly)
cord,
racmi
rope,
gives
now
root
reJc,bind,
as
Skr.
racana,
(do.).
coverlet
cuibhrig, cover,
cuibhrionn, portion,
see
DICTIONARY
cubhraig.
see
Ir., E.
so
Ir.
W.
cuibrend,
cyfran
^com-rann
rami.
Cor.
peth,
root
pron.
c"sti, part
qe
Lat.
compares
qen,
Hence
qed.
root
Cf.
(see co).
Bezzenberger
qo,
much.
how
'''qezdi-,
"^qozdi-;
Br. pez,
seemingly
qos,
the
Eng.
Some
piece.
pars.
from
have
coaat.
cotecht,coitio, conventus
teaclit.
see
"^con-treln-,
as
caid7eahh
in
Lat.
conucu/a
ciiil,corner,
cuilbheart,
cuilbheir,
cuilc, reed,
stalk,
cuile,
Ir.
recess,
Ir.
cane,
Gr.
apartment
vinaria, "^'kolid
cuilc, *kolki-
(Stokes)
cuileag",a fly,Ir.
; from
and
Ir.
cuilean,
W.
qel
as
in
kept,
0.
Ir.
Skr.
kulaya,
kol,
culmus,
Lat.
cnile
finda,
hut,
nest
of ceil.
cylion, flies,Cor.
Lat.
kelionen,
Br.
cidex.
feast
colwyn,
Gr.
*kun,
are
cuil, W.
quelyenen, "^kuli-s,kulidno-s
cuL
haulm.
KaXia, hut,
*kol-io-, root
E.
root
stores
Gr.
See
heart.
culverln.
Eng.
where
quenouille.
cuil +
an
cuileagan,
Ir.
; from
the
from
gun
Fr.
knnke/,
ciUl, O.
trick
wile,
Ger.
comes
coloin, catulus,
KvX\a=(TKvXa(,
dog.
D'Arbois.
Cor.
Ernault,
Rhys
says
(O'R.), E.
kolenn,
(Bez.).
whelp
^culenos
W.
Br.
root
borrowed.
of
kvos
young
It
may
; M.
of
be
Br.
Ir. culen,
peds;
quadrufrom
cu,
colen, so
THE
OF
GAELIC
115
LANGUAGE.
remembrance,
cqf, Cor.
memini,
so
see
root
Jr.,
so
E.
Ir.
Lat.
in
as
men,
etc.
*com-berro-
cumhair,
; for
E.
aim, moderation,
Ir.
Ir.
The
coimrig.
see
Cf.
i7ieas.
CO.
"^co-men
W.
memor,
bearr.
cuimrig", trouble
cuimse, a mark,
cuin, wheUj
couf,
ctUmnech,
remember,
cuimir, brief, handsome,
herr, see
Ir. cunuin,
Br.
M.
cov,
Ir.,0,
Ir.
; from
cimnse
com
irieas
eirmis.
cuin, W.,
Br.
pan
(O'Cl.) is
can
Br.
W.,
to
Ir.
; Lat.
allied
to
quum
Lat.
when
Eng.
qiiando,
and
sec
more
pan.
root
'^con-jiuigi-,
jung, jug, as in
Stokes
next.
phonetics, see
jungo, Eng.
since gives the stem
as
ko-jungi-.
0. Ir. ciunce
cuing'e,narrowness,
cumhang.
; see
cuinn, coin ; from the Eng.
cuinneag, a pail, milk
pail, Ir. cuinneog, M. Ir. cuindeog, W.
cuing
joke.
Lat,
cunnog,
cuinnean,
cuinnlein,
; cf. Lat.
cynnog
nostril
stalk
of
connlach
; for
the
For
congiio^,a quart.
nostril
corn,
second,
the
; for
cuinnean
first
meaning,
sec
above.
the Eng.
Cuinnse, a quince ; from
cuinnsear, a dagger, sword ; from the Eng. whinger.
cuip, a whip ; from Eng. whi'p.
cuir, put, Ir., E. Ir. cuirim, 0 Ir. cuiriur, W. hebgor, put aside,
The
is likely ker, kor, of cruth, q.v.
root
"^korio, I put.
For
Gr.
cf. Lat.
riOrjixt. Bezzenberger
facia and
meaning
Skr.
it to
kaldyati, drive, bear, do, Lit. karta,
compares
position, lie.
cuircinn,
head,
particular
crest, comb
(pi.),a
covering
cuirce,bow, knot
kind
of
head-dress
(O'R.) ; from
for
; which
woman's
makes
for
currachd?
women,
Sc.
Ir.
cuircin,
courche,
curges
doubtful.
Ir. cuiruihi
(Oil.)
Il6
E'TYMOLOGICAL
cuirm,
feast,
beer,
Cor.
Ir., E.
so
Ir.
Gaul.
core/,
cuirnean,
small
head
of
cervisia
Koupfxt,
KepdvvvfXL,mix
of
heap
W.
cwnvf,
; Lat.
; Skr.
era,
and
cremor,
cook
cr,
also
In
first
the
it is from
sense,
the
in
idea
the
other
two
possibly
senses,
being "cluster, heap."
cuirpidh, wicked, corrupt ; see coirbte, coirb.
the Eng.
Cllirt,court, Ir. ci'drt ; from
cuirtein, a curtain, cuirteir, plaiding (Dialectic); formed
earn,
cwriv,
stones,
W.
"^kurnien
mix.
kera, kra,
I. E.
M.
coirm, cuirm,
; Gr.
(Eng. cream)
broth
DICTIONARY
Eng.
on
curtain.
Lat.
Cuis, cause,
Ir.,E. Ir. citis,0. Ir. cols ; from
causa.
matter,
the
little
Ir.
cuisdeag,
cuisdeocj (O'K.) :
finger (Sh., H.S.D.),
cuiseag, a stalk, kind of grass, Ir. coisin, a stem, stalk, little foot ;
from
But
di fetchoisig, "by piping."
next,
see
cas, foot.
cuisle, pulse, vein, pipe, Ir. cuisle,E. Ir. cuisli, g. pi. cuisleud, a
pipe for music, 0. Ir. cusle, g. cuslen, cuislemiach, a piper. It
has
connection
with
Lat.
is
its etymology
no
pulsus, and
obscure
(Stokes). Of. Eng. hose.
cuiste (O'B.); from
cuiste, a couch, Ir. ciiiste,
Eng. couch.
of snow,
cuith, a wreath
a
pit, Ir., E. Ir. cuithe, pit, W. pydcu) ;
from
Lat. putens,
Eng. p?'^.
cuithe, pen for sheep (Carm.) ; see cuidh.
cuitich, quit, requite ; see cuidktich.
cul, back, Ir., O. Ir, cdl, W.
ell, Cor. chil, Br. kil, *kulo- ; Lat.
'
cuius.
culadh,
Hence
condition
good
covered,"
cklaist, recess.
cul
from
culaidh
of
culaidh,
the
of
Ir.
aj^parel, so
Lat.
occulo.
covering,
culaidh, boat (Suth.)
culag", tiu'f for the back
root
well-
"
See
Ger.
hidle,
ceil.
horseback,
collop ;
cid.
earth
and
cullach,
cid.
back
; E.
dat.
cucumber,
Ernault
compares
Gr.
fire, sitting
(and
Ir. cidaih
ace.) pi. of
Kapvov,
another
on
(dat.pL),
cid
used
(ace.pi.) ;
locatively for
cidu
"
beulaobh.
ciUa7-dn, W.
makes
behind
cul.
Compare
Ir.
nut.
the
all from
from
(and motion).
rest
cularan,
The
of
the
et/lor,earth
Celtic
word
nuts, Br.
to
be
coloreii,
*carul-an-,
nut.
OF
quell
/""/,hard,
root
Fr.
couillon, Eng.
Lat.
Norse
q.v.,
(Bezzenberger).
etc.
0.
clack
in
as
Cf.
117
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
Hat
hella,
stone,
whence
cullion, testicles,
culls.
Sc.
Hence
the
becomes
gv
in
as
ciomach,
im,
turn, etc.
cuma,
cummaijn
vb.
i.e., cum-
cwm,
Ger.
humpen,
bowl.
cumanta,
cumha,
Ir.
common,
mourning,
Ir., E.
so
from
Ir.
cuma
cumha,
Cf.
cumhachd,
power,
to
the
root
been
is
megh
(Eng.
cumhang^,
narrow,
augo-s
; root
cumhlaidean,
cumhnant,
meg,
Lat.
may,
Ir.
ang
saying,
comanant,
W.
Lat.
carry,
root
ag
cungaidh,
Eng.
See
ajo?
etc.,
in
as
The
Eng.
ctyw,
is
cumhachd
has
'mag
has
been
Ir.
choke,
ayyta,
W.
cumaiig,
also
1. E.
or
'''hom-
cyjyng,
Lat.
near;
ayx^,
but
variously
referred
below,
cwmhang
word
act,
doubtless
lias been
aiig); it
riches,
power,
great
Gr.
Gr.
ago,
ango,
eng.
M.
from
0.
Fr,
Eng.,
convenant,
cyfammod.
Sc.
couajid, couenaiit,
Lat.
Dial,
convenire.
plurals
are
M.
Br.
Eng.
has
cumhlaichean
cumhlaidean.
the
Eng.
cumraich, cumber
; from
cunbhalach,
steady, Ir. cungbhailteach,
constant,
from
(fom
Lat.
cyfoeth,
potestas,
cuviang,
angere,
cumihang,
covenant;
covenant,
W.
cumachte,
stipulations (Hend.)
from
and
gem,
co-viag-tu-, where
as
; Ger.
angustus
the
Lat.
I. E.
to
di,
unsatisfactory.
analysed
referred
root
Ir. coma,
ir.
Ir.
O,
of
cmg,
meaning
drive,
ag,
The
form
the
Ir.
Jr., o.
so
(Stokes).
etc.
cooiunon.
cunnradli.
ko7)i-akto-,root
nasalised
I. E.
E.
adhan.
"^
Eng.
the
hwiimen.
Ger.
hum,
ciunann
cunghhail, keeping,
instrument,
giuomli,
deed.
See
Ir. inf. of
accoutrements
next.
cum,
:
firm,
miserly
q.v.
root
'''con-gen-,
gen
of
Il8
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
cungaisich,
Ir. cunghas^
co-operation, vb
co-operate,
helpful, E. Ir. cungnam,
help, cungantach,
help,
I
cungnaighim,
assistance
*con
gniom
cbmhnadli.
see
(M'V,),
danger, M. G. cunntabhart
0.
tabhairt, danger, doubt,
cunnart,
'^
tubart, doubt,
cunnradh,
Corni.
say.
cunnt,
count,
the
from
cunnuil,
an
cupa,
coup
cup,
"^con-radh
cuimil
(Lh.)
W.
cupdn,
cib ; from
Lat.
radii,
see
cuntaim,
count
tub, Eng.
cupa,
cup,
etc.
coop,
kur,
carina
has
Hence
Eng.
W.
boat,
been
0.
SI.
korici, a
but
compared,
M.
; from
Irish
kind
Lat.
of
couple.
curucis,
dat.
(Stokes)
vessel.
vowels
the
Eng.
*kuruko-
cwrwgl,
civrwg,
corwc,
The
Lat.
unsuitable.
are
coracle.
con-
cub.
sec
cooiirey
rath, surety.
reckoning,
cuntas,
cunntas,
Ir.
cundubart,
from
Eng.
objection (Sh.), Ir.
box-cart,
cup,
derives
Ir.
Manx
cunnrath,
ciimtubart,
con-
root
bargain,
cundrad,
cuntabhaii%
con-to-bart,
cunradh,
Ir.
0.
Ir.
Ir.
(Lh.), obstacle.
In
the
sense
cuaradh.
affliction,cf.
Ir. cdram
care,
; from
sandpiper, M.
curcag,
See
(K. Meyer).
curcais, bulrush, so
0.
W.
cors,
*korokasto-,
E.
Ir.
A.
S.
curr,,
CUrracag",
marsh
W.
marsh,
pare
0.
curcas,
reed,
Br.
Ir.
curchas,
corsenn,
reed,
The
(Stokes, Ernault).
Gaul,
is allied, "^gr"iko-,
"^parriko-,
(St.), Lat. cursiis.
Perhaps Eng.
Lat.
coy^sen,
Ir.
cdrex
(St.).
pit,
corner,
W.
(O'B.,etc.), E.
Ir.
Fr.
pearroc,
currech,
; from
next,
cannulos,
cura.
cuirrcech, plover
korkasto
currech,
hurst
Ir.
Lat.
cior,
a
Ir. curr,
Keat.
c/i.rr,
pit,
corr,
well,
cistern
corner.
bubble
on
the
surface
of
li([uids; see
currachd.
; cf.
OF
119
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
M. Ir. curracach,
Jr. currach (O'R.),
currachd,hood, cap, night-cap,
Gl.
cuciilatus
Ir.
who
598,
(Stokes,
suggested connection
with W. pyrchivyu, crest of a hehiiet).Sc. curch,courchie^
to be the originof the G. word.
seem
Eng. kerchief,
currachdag,peat-heap(M'A.); cf. gurracag.
curradh,a crowding together(Macpherson'sOssian):
curraidh, exhausted
(H S.D.),currtha (Sh.,O'B ),Ir. airrtha \ cf.
ciurr.
curran,
rooted
source.
for heavy
curral, horse-panniers
curran,
corrack
(do.),
Eng.
carrack,
crooks.
sufficiency,
overplus
wild
mustard
a
(Sh.,Arm.
cusag,
cus,
cusp,
kibe
H.S.D.) :
; not
cut, hank
Eng.
also
custom, tribute,
of yarn,
cusmunn
Oss.'^
cuspoir(Keat.,
Ir.
(seecuspunn).
; founded
of a hank
on
Eng.
of yarn
custom.
;
from
cut.
Rhys
wrath.
See
W.
Eng. cutty,borrowed.
says
Ir. cuthach, "^koti-aca-; root
kot, Gr.
cath.
Stokes
is
says
Pict.
Skr.
kvdthati,
seethe,Got. hvapjan,foam*
-Jeof Med/ae,^;
\o
S^onto,00^^^
120
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOUICAL
dabhach,
tvai, Eng.
Got.
vat,
of
grave
hollow
topf.
Ger.
of
root
dhobh,
Eng.
tub,
Lat.
if allied
Cf.
out.
alliance
the
to
Ger.
Also
vessel.
four
or
plough-
G.
dabach
(Bk. of
OairTin,bury, rac^os,
; Gr.
suggests
two-eared''
"a
two,
one
0.
deepen, dig
Bezzenberger
out.
land),
"^dabdhd
vat,
dhabh,
; root
(either
land
locality and
gates, according
Deer), Ir. dabhach,
8vw
^?t'o.
measure
to
(m.),
(m.), dvei
dau
Lit.
dnbiu,
with
Eng.
top,
zuber, is
dabhoch,
from
the
and
in
Doch-.
place-names
dacha, more
likely ; see docha.
dachaidh, home
(adverb), a home,
Ir.
Ir. dia
and
E.
home,
is
and
prepositional
becomes
adverb
dadamh,
aught,
dalis, part,
dadmun,
a
mote,
Gaelic
it
dia
Ir. the
to
ceases
be
tig,
phrase
phrase
G.
Sacr/xos,division
Gr.
and
In
tigh.
Ir.
noun.
tittle, M.
Lit.
dag,
do
in
welded
; from
thaig
thigh, M.
do
dadum
See
f daii.
Hence
dad.
M.
Fr.
dague, a
pistol ; from
Eng. dag, a pistol, from
whence
Br.
The
of
from
change
dag.
meaning
dagger,
in
which
the
occurs
history of
"dagger" to "pistol" is one
Eng.
"dagger."
"pistol" itself, for it originally meant
a
dagger is
daibhir, poor,
and
allied.
Ir.
daidhbhir,
M.
daicheil, handsome,
Ir.
daidber
adfero.
See
d,6igheamhuil, well
*do-adberi-,
from
do-
saoibhir.
appointed,
decent
see
Ir.
foster-mother,
tetytis,Ch.
the
Welsh
daid'm, daid,
W.
tad.
SI. teta
Skr.
Ir.
M.
Cor.
datdii, foster-father,datnait,
; Lat.
tat
Eng.
tatds.
tata
dad
is
Gr.
Terra
borrowed
Lit.
from
(Skeat).
well-built
Cf. daingean.
or
daigeil,
Arg.
(of a man)
collar for cattle
dcd, a hold, catch, Br. dcd,
dail, a wooden
; cf. W.
Cf.
Gr.
dhe, dho, set"?
9i)Kri,repository,
a
holding; root
But
ddil, delay.
Tidrjfxt,
see
place, Lat. facto, etc.
Norse
from
dail, a dale, meadow,
dalr, Eng. dale.
Ir.
'^ddli- ;
Ir.
M.
dad, gen.
ddil,
ddla, i-espite,
dail, delay, credit,
firm
from
dvol, dvel,
"
whence
Eng.
divell,Noxse
dvol, delay.
dail, a
meeting,
sermo,
set,
0.
as
SI.
0.
Ir.,
so
0.
Br.
in
dail
GAELIC
THE
OF
Ir.
121
LANGUAGE.
ddl,
dadlou, curiae,
0.
W.
Br.
W.
*datld,
dha^ dhe^
dael^
Stokes
(Ernault).
dutl, forum,
of
kingdom
and
Ir.
0.
Ir.
ddil^ ddl,
later
part, Daireudini,
Argyle, etc
divide, 8aa-/xos,
division, Lit. dalis, a part,
verb
The
dalas, part.
dailich, distribute,
a
with
connection
suggests
c/e-,dicere.
as
root
dadl^
dialectic
; the
form
Ir.
ddilim.
is
Bede
dati,
off,
cut
H.S.D.
in
given
thinks
Zimmer
and
early Scotic
Gr. Sareo/xai,
Skr.
is
daal
dail,
the
same.
dail, part, are
meeting,
originally
See
dailgneachd, prophetic vision.
tairgneachd.
*dd7nd,
daimh, relationship, Ir. ddmli, tribe, family, E. Ir. ddm
:
Dor.
tribe, company
S^/xo',,
Sa/xo5,people, tribe, Eng.
; Gr.
deinocY'dcy. It is usual
daiv
(daw/), son-in-law,
words
be
may
dam,
root
allied
to
M.
to
0.
compare
Br
deujf]
W.
Br.
(do.);
den
and
Safiap,spouse,
Gr.
cliens, W.
dauu,
but
be
these
the
from
house.
dom,
compares
is
possible
women's
to
connect
apartment,
Fr.
and
obstinate,
tengyn,
with
daingean
Ag. S. ding,
tangoner,
Norse
career.
dyngja,
Lit.
It
press.
heap,
dengiu,
cover
daredd,
dirge,
Skr.
Ir.
E.
noise,
dkran,
der-dretJi,ar,cries,
der, dher,
root
sound,
in
as
See
drone.
Eng.
W.
ddr, noise,
6p?]vo"^,
Gr.
diird
and
8tairirich.
dais,
of
heap
hay
das,
M.
tass
(whence
with
Br.
Norse
dais, dots,
(Arm).
or
dastum,
peats,
to
O.
mass,
Ir.
dai%,
"^dasti-
(for
W.
heap,
G.
and
c/as,0.
W.)
Ag.
W.
S.
Fr.
and
Stokes
correlate
it
tas), Bezzenberger
des, hay heap, Sc, dass.
blockhead
(H.S.D. ), daiseachan,
insipid rhymer
seemingly
dase, stupefy.
dais, a musical
daithead, a diet
of two
dala, one
For
borrowed
root,
instrument
; from
;
see
see
from
the
Sc.
Norse
ddsachd.
dawsie,
dasi, lazy
stupid,
fellow.
the
under
Eng.
See
dlot.
dara.
14
122
DICTIONARV
ETYMOLOGICAL
{=dkaln6)
field
Ir.
Got.
6oX.ep6s,turbid.
fan
winnowing
Ir.
mole,
Ir.
Lat.
female;
has
been
G.
dalta
dam,
the
draughts,
bord
davis, damhrod,
Ger.
damais,
Lat.
damh,
alia, dallag,
usual
Eng.
damais,
dalta
refer
the
Fr.
from
stag,
o\,
the
remains
dam,
Cor.
Allied
stier.
domestic,
Eng.
Gr.
untamed
damya,
Lat.
draughts,
dame, dame,
M.
da, dama,
Br.
is
Eng.
Lat.
ddma,
Skr.
calf ;
Lat.
tame,
dauai,
domare,
and
dair
n-allaid
"
from
damnatio.
das,
Ir.
dan,
(j!r.
wisdom
ir.
do, Gr.
root
song,
gift,
g.
ddno,
gift,
da-, give,
W.
dawn,
Skr.
^l^mixl,give,
ir. ddn,
O.
dan,
^dds7m-,
ars^
ir.
"^'ddsnavo-s,from
ddne, ddna,
SI.
Ch.
root
the
root
above
dan
(Stokes).
(thou), dannsa,
dance
dawns
M.
cf.
dan;
donum,
Ir.
know
danhauh,
danns,
Sc.
etc.
"
of
the
from
damh
time
from
rutting
damh-dhaiv,
damhair,
; for
(H.S.D.).
damhair
(H.S.D.), damhair
(Sh., Arms.), earnest, keen
Ir.
O. Ir. daman
danikdn-alla,
damhan-allaidh,
spider,
allaidh.
damk
and
(g. pi.), wild little deer
; see
Ir. damnad
damnadh,
Ir., M.
cursing, condemnation,
so
dan,
of
rfe, the
of
at
root
danvad,
deer
Ir.
ir., 0.
so
Br.
damvia,
See
domina.
sheep,
dan,
OrjXvs,
Gr.
to
board
draught
damhrett,
dalta,
Ir.
Deer),
suck
(Stokes, Strachan).
; etc.
to
in duiile.
did
root
of
dhe, dhel,
; from
dam
cheat,
faUo,
inter
(Bk.
as
being considered
prepositional prefix ('^de-altjo-s).
the
altrayn,
Hence
"vigorous'?"
It
deoghail.
Lat.
dall.
; from
"^daltaio-s, root
dalte,
dull
dallog.
I. E.
dal, ^dvalno-,
Cor.
dall^
Br.
foolish, Eng.
dvals,
; Gr.
shrew,
dallanach,
dall^ W.,
; from
dao, obstinate,
the
O.
Ir.
damhsa,
dance,
Ir.
'^'dausio-s
damhsa,
W.
Eng.
doe,
foolish, ii^ng,dizzy,
O.
doi, tardus,
g.
H.
G.
imtc,
stultus,
Ger.
Ag.
S.
thor,
dysig,
foolish
(Stokes, VVindisch).
daobhaidh, wicked, perverse
(Hel).) ; see dao.
daoch, strong dislike, horror, daochan, anger
(Sh.) :
daoi, wicked,
opposite
of
wicked
saoi
man,
ir.
daoi,
wicked
see
or
for
foolish
root.
person
OF
daoimean,
THE
diamond
in
as
Ir. daol,, E.
dian,
frightsomeness,
Eng.
the
from
Ir.
dail
dael, doel,
Stokes
q.v.
"^doilo-,root
with
connects
dvei, fright,
root
123
LANGUAGE.
rxABLIC
Seo?,
Gr.
M.
dael,
Ir.
Skr.
fright,
hate.
dvis,
daolair,
"
do-uair.
dara,
second,
*ind-araUe,
alius
dala,
is,
"the
the
where
darach,
di,
Ir.
0.
two,
n-ai,
the
dar, "^darik-
of
oak, S/)i)9
(do.), So/ov,spear
of
body
darcan,
the
darcan,
d^rna,
hollow
darnaig,
darn,
from
indala
n-ai,
his.
Ir.
dair,
gen.
Gr.
Eng. tree,
^dpvXXos,
darach,
(Maced.)
Hence
etc.
(Dialectic,H.S.D.)
hand
the
of
; cf. dedrna.
under
see
darning
dara.
Eng.
the
; from
which
darning,
is
itself
d^sachd,
ddsacht,
insania
Ag.
(Strachan).
senseless
S.
foolish, Sc.
dwdes,
deuiff, to
^davio,
dathas,
de, of,
indarna,
Ir.
Ir.
an
aile, that
of two
one
Also
and
E.
),
Ir. araile,
boat.
teal
a,
E.
0.
arall.
ind
from
lari.ic,
Eng. larch]
Lat.
the,
{"dala),
(two), 0.
them
pi. of
dair, darach,
',
indala,
darna
one
is the
eorum,
ind=^an,
MS
Fernaig
and
Further,
Ir.
oak,
from
eile.
^ind-araile
(Oss. Ballad,
dark
other,"
of
one
and
an
G.
air +
"^?'/f,
ar
M.
Ir. ;
so
fallow
Ir.
"^di,
Gaelic
deer;
de,
*de
and
0.
Ir.
Lat.
Irish
de, di,
;
the
dlie,
(n.),Br.
doud, daif
Satoj, burn
;
inf.
Gr.
dwaa^i,
dha,
root
Ir.
Skr.
du,
brand.
damhasg,
de
burn
from
dawsie,
Du.
from
confuse
dabhasg
0.
W.
di,
dve,
this
prep,
from
VV. y,
dam/i-\-seasg(l).
Cor.
case-form
with
the, Br.
dvo,
from
do,
to
di, '^de,
two.
confusion
124
ETYMOLOGICAL
which
even
Hence
do
extends
rinn, did,
d6,
what
de,
and
(^z=*heu)
W.
de,
teine
form
(ande), 0.
Eng.
word
word
the
ciod
of
caide, Galway
the
heddyiv, dyw
ghjesi, heri,
:
x^^^
by
refers
chaidh, went,
for
from
to
the
; do
Ir.
W.
indhe,
and
an
it
din
Lat.
*gesi ;
G.
";
Br.
heri
forms
are
0.
dm,
an
"^divo, day,
c/z'w,
of
is
ddoe,
Celtic
The
"to-day,"
root
what
"
e,
gode.
yesterday.
i.e.,deach
etc.
art.
dech, *send,i-gesi,
influenced
fact
do,
Ir.
q.v.
yesterday, Ir. arte,
; Gr.
in
compounds.
de
pre-accentual
do
cm-tailed
e,
Br.
indiu,
de
de
deac'h, M.
all
tenses
do-g7iiu, I
gn
ciod
de,
an
Ir. in
0.
to
past
from
; also
from
the
of
DICTIONARY
Ir.
Zimmer
q.v.
(Zeit.'^'^
17).
"^jed,
(St.).
etc.
diait, lightning
(n.) (St.).
d^abh, drain, dry up, deabhadh
*deia,
shine
-anti
with
-aula
or
the
staves
run,
Eng.
of
wooden
^ew,
Gr.
dew,
difficult,
prep,
deach,
surly,
as
in
deachd,
dictate,
whence
I. E.
dhevo-,
flow,
run,
0.
deacair,
Ir.
deccaii'
di-acar
for
socair, q.v.
enclitic
form
of
do
chaidh,
q.v.,
Ir. dechnd.
0.
Ir., deachdadh
so
ded';
(as
Eng, jacket.
post-particle or
deachaidh,
dJmv,
Skr.
run,
from
Ir.
acar,
; the
went
Ir,
and
de
de-u), shrinking
(pronounced
vessel).Dialectic
(n.);
dicto, dictatio,
Lat.
from
dictation.
Eng.
the Eng.
deadhan, a
; from
deagh, good, Ir. deagh, 0. Ir. deg-, dag-, W. da, Cor. da, bonum
*dego-,
Dago-, '''dago-,
(gl.),Gaul.
good, acceptable ; Gr.
Further
allied to Gr. Se^to?,right, SeKOfiat,
Sexecrdat,receive.
dean
"
"
receive
deck,
; Lat.
doceo
dexte?',right, decus,
best
(superlative
living,diet, morals
deagh
to
; Gaelic
dhc, suck,
root
Ir.
(and G. in
dealaich, separate,
T. E.
dealan,
Ir.
Cf.
root
q.v.
E.
di,
now
^dei-vo-s,whence
"will
o' the
G.
(dei), deya
dia,
wisp";
I. E.
dele,
; also
Ir. del.
(=5eJ-eAo9),conspicuous, SrjXos,clear
is
from
leech
(O'Ji.);
Lit.
Ir.
jdail, part,
lightning, Ir. dealdn,
dei
Ir.
dealnighim,
split,Skr.
dealanach,
^dilo-
deoghail,
Cf.
Diet,
delo-, to
da/is, part.
as
0.
niaith).
or
deaghad,
(Uist); see diot.
deidh.
deaghaidh
see
:
deal, friendly (H.S.D., M'E.) ; see dileas.
deal, deala, a leech, Ir. deal, a blood-sucker
in
deas,
etc.
M.
Ir.
Skr.
di,
shine
; further
tene-gelai7i,
"lightning,"
tene-gelan, fireflaught.
OF
125
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
The
a
"
also
G.
God's
means
lighted
stick
at
For
fire."
dia.
see
dealan-doruis, door-bolt
(Sh., O'R.) ; see deil.
the Eng. zeal, zealous.
dealas, zeal, dealasach, zealous
; from
dealbh, form, so Ir., 0. Ir. ddh, W. deliv, Br. -delu, "^delvo-,root
del ; Lat.
dolare^ hew, dolo, a pike ; Gr. 6ai8aAA.w, embellish,
work
cunningly ; 0, H. G, zol, log ; Ch. SI. dely, vat.
dealg",a pin, skewer, so Ir., 0. Ir. delg, M. W. dala, sting, fang,
W.
dal,
Cor.
catch.
virgultum,
dele, monile,
Du.
twig,
M.
telg,
H.
*delgos
G.
Ag.
S.
Norse
zelge,
Lit.
"
telgan,
tjdlgr,
Norse
compares
cloak
in
dealau,
; from
deal-, as
q.v.
di
mess,
as
from
in
Ir.
Lat.
prune,
of
from
root
met,
Cf.
7aeto.
Ir.
and
da, two,
denim
E.
cut,
mow,
Gaul,
Ir.
mataris.
enclitic
or
d^an, do,
(imper.),
den,
:
post0.
I
do
form
of
Ir.
from
and
G,
dogniu,
of,
de,
particle
7ii,
;
Inf. deanamh
of gniomh, q.v.
{=de-gnwiu-).
gni
Corniac
haste, which
deann, haste, speed ; cf. E. Ir. denmne,
explains as di-ainmne, "non-patience," from ainmne, patience ;
wait
root
(Lat. maneo,
etc.).
men,
small
a
a
deannag,
grain, deannach, mill dust, Ir. deanog,
pinch,
a
pinch, grain :
In the sense
deann.
of
deannal, conflict,stir, so Ir. (O'R.) ; from
dean
0.
(H.S.D. ),
"flash"
deannal
seems
metathetical
form
of
dealan.
deanntag,
nettle,
*nenadi-,
Eng.
due
dearail,
for
nettle
to
the
form
; Lit.
same
Ir.
from
oil,abundance,
the
Ir.
M.
root
deardil,
E.
der-, privative
which
Windisch
dearbadan, dearbadan-de,
in
E.
nenntdg,
reduplicated form
The
t
nendre, pipe, tube.
phonetic law that gives teine
wretched,
poor,
of
neantog,
"^ne-nadi-^a
de7'dil,penuria,
and
Ir.
Ir.
Ir.
Ag.
of
G.
the
nenaid,
S.
and
netele,
Ir.
is
pi. teintean.
derdil, feeble,
0.
Ir.
referred
to
tdn.
"^pdli-,a
126
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
derk,
root
See
see.
dearc,
of
root
dararh,
oak
dearc, dearc-luachrach,
M.
rashes,"
perch
7r"pK7],
speckled
'^erko-s,for
Ir.
^perko-
For
g.
from
one."
of G.
"
of the
earc
salmon,
W.
erch,
dark-blue,
TrcpKvos,
; Ger.
cf.
meaning,
the
earc,
; Gr.
prgnis, speckled
The
derucc,
speckled, red,
; Skr.
Ir.
(Zimmer),
forhana.
(t.
H.
0.
The
ere,
darkish,
fuscus,
0.
Ir.
behold.
forelle, a trout,
the
hreac, a trout,
"
dearc
"
"
section.
behold,
dearc,
"^derlo, I
1. E. derk,
Ir.
perfect ^dedorha
(cf. chunnairc
Gr.
ScpKo/xai,SeSopKa, have
seen
;
see,
see
zoraht, bright
0.
dearcaim,
Ir.
see,
; Skr.
dare,
; 0.
H.
Ir., 0.
so
G.
see.
dearg,
eye,
con-dare) ;
"
Ir.
deorc.
E.
Ir.
"
dearmad,
I an,
full.
neglect, forgetfulness,
so
from
mind
; root
7nind
; etc.
men,
think
do, Ir.
form
dedmaim,
of dea7i
with
0.
Lat.
anxious
Ir.
infixed
Ir., 0.
Ir.
dedrgnaidh)
77iens,
mentio,
dermet,
and
met,
commentum
^der-met
Eng.
(H.S.D.) :
^mento-,
See
side
dean.
the
6P
deirrsach,
de^rrsadh,
swig
THE
liquor (Wli.)
of
radiance,
M.
"^de-ro-sec-^root
allied
0.
to
I
deaisgaiin, dearsgnaim,
clear,
derscnaigiia, explain, make
Hence
dearrsgnuidh,
Eng. see ?
Ir.
see,
sec,
brilliant,
burnished,
li'.
effulgence,
polish, burnish,
127
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
fde^rsgnaidh,
word
The
Ir.
deas,
seach
in
E.
Ir,
Ir.
right, south,
M.
Se^td?; Got.
taihsva
pass,
sec,
dersciagthech,splendid.
0.
deas,
dehou, *dekso-s,
Br.
is
excellent,
Ir.
dess,
"^del'sivo-s
; Lit.
W.
dyghow,
Gor.
deheu,
deszine
da/csina-s.
Skr.
Ir.
*disc-atu-
cf.
dik-sl-o,then
deasgraich,
deasmaireas,
Lat.
Gaelic
(Z. 803)
whence
dik,
root
desc-.
heterogeneous
^aix.
for
faex,
*desc-dtu
leaven,
mass
dreavisgal, H.S.D.)
"
deasmas
deismireach, detsmis,
curiosity,
curious
(O'B., O'K.) :
deasoireach,
spicy (Sh., H.S.D.) :
unshorn
deat, an
year-old slieep or wedder, deathaid, *det-anti-,
See
det, de, suck.
"sucking one"; from
deoghail.
Foi" root, see
deatam, anxiety ; cf. 0. Ir. detJdtiu, dethideu, care.
M'A.
didean.
has
also
(Sh.), Ir.
deatamach,
which
necessary,
seems
allied,
deathach, deatach,
E.
1.
Ir.
dethach,
E.
smoke
is
Ovfudto,
Gr.
dhimids,
Ir. de
phonetically
form
deatach
(cf.Gr.
deibhleid,
is
Beo'i,for
is difficult
to
feeble
from
dele
dheu,
for
quod
biad,
For
for.
phonetics
M.
person,
weak
; the
the
Ir.
fuTnus,
Skr.
gen.
diad
(^hivoto-n).
The
being
t
cf.
(=tt)
dhve
from
of
deatacli
heatliach.
debUn,
opposite
alternate
From
(n.) ;
'^dett-acos,dett
The
diad,
g.
Lat.
; the
dhev
or
food
de,
vapour.
dymu
SI.
dheu
dhve-s-).
dedbid,
weakling,
Stokes
allows
(di-adbid).
Lat.
debilis ; see
being from
convenient
(cha deic),
; cf.
(lecet
dywy,
Gh.
nom.
6eir-6s,from
awkward
W.
Ir.
O.
air
from
diva,
the
deatach,
dhve, smoke,
smoke
probably
account
or
dhu,
to
is for
like
Ir.
smoky,
detfadach,
dheu,
root
Ir., M.
smoke,
of
E.
Ir.
dedblen,
adhbhal,
possibility
q.v.
of
its
diblidh.
O.
Ir. tecte,
becoming,
anas
tecte,
128
ETYMOLOGICAL
deich, ten,
Ir., 0.
so
dec, ^deka
decern
ddgan.
Cor.
degves,
0.
n-,
W.
dec,
Scku
Gr.
Deicheamh,
Skr.
Ir.
0.
tenth,
W.
Got.
deg,
See
Ir. deideadh.
Br.
extension
(by
deud.
adverbial
the
dek,
decimns.
suffix
Cor.
(Brug.), an
decvet, *deJaiimeto-H
Br.
superlative
the
Ir. deicJi
Lat.
DICTIONARt
phrase
dcldh,
cm
after.
deidh,
i
deidh,
an
n-diaid,
0.
from
diuez,
Br.
after,
Ir.
Ir.
"^de-ved-on
the
also
the
now
an
deidhinn,
im
mu
form
bad
degaid
ved
ddgin,
because
latter
because
(prep,
and
the
ved, lead,
root
in
as
feadkainii). Also
deidh,
The
0.
Ir.
had
form
etymologically.
(^^di-agaid), the opposite of i n-agid,
deigh,
; from
post, E. Ir.
deivetk,
finis,Cor.
diwedd,
dead, tinis,W.
(Stokes)
Ir. i n-dead,
0.
n-diaigh,
of, because,
conj.),0.
Ir.
of
of ; cf. E.
Ir.
deig,
deg, quia.
ddig,
ddgin, daigind,
for
the
sake
See
dbigh.
of,
dele, antempna,
"^deli-,*deljo- ; I. E.
refers
tola,
it to
racemus,
the
root
Gr.
0.
Br.
See
del, split.
root
dhel,
ddXos,
deleiou, antemnarum,
whence
a
short
Ger.
twig
deala.ich.
doUe,
;
as
Br.
in
umbel,
delez,
Stokes
0.
duileag,
H.
G.
q.v.
from
deil, dil, keen, diligent (Arg.) ; formed
dealas, zealous.
leech
Dialectic
for
deal.
deil,
;
deilbh, a forming, warping (for weaving), so Ir. ; see dealbh.
deile, a plank, deal ; from the Eng. deal.
deileann, loud, sliarp barkings, E. Ir. deilvi, stem
delmen, noise,
alarm
dealai^.
deileas, a grvidging, eagerness
; see
Ir.
deilgneach, thorny, prickl}^,
deilgneach, thorns
; from
in a numbed
Cadal-deilg'neach, the prickly sensation
deilig, deal with, a dealing ; from Eng. dealing.
deillseag, a slap with the open
hand, deiseag :
dealg.
liml).
OP
root
deimheis,
deimhinn,
of dealaich
shears
fdeilt,
"^deilt-rad^from
tion,
separa-
deamhais.
see
129
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
0.
Ir.
demnithir,
demin,
certiiis,
set,
Gr.
"
laid
*der-vedo-n,
ved
root
der
is the
air
Hence
{'*'2yare).
dels, an
them
basis, the
dels, after,
Ascoli
Ir., 0.
G.
instare
Ir.
Ir. di
0.
eis, retro,
?
in
gives
q.v. ;
eang,
the
"
right hand
(K. Meyer in
King
deisciobul, a disciple, Ir. deisciobal,
deise, a
Ir.
; from
suit
clothes
of
Lat.
deis, entourage
deiseag, a slap
Eochaid
"
diskibil
see
deiseil, southward,
daneis,
0.
Ir.
stem
Stokes
Br.
proposition
that
suggests
the
footstep, as
eng,
q.v. 1
deidh,
0.
{*di-an-eis),
so
in
as
root
as
takes
; dess
after
sto,
*encsi-,
it
de,
"
from
God's
").
descipiol,W.
dysyybl,
discipulus.
; from
Ir., M.
deas.
Cf.
of chief.
for
Ir.
robe
deise, a
meaning
Eng.
; E.
suit.
deillseag.
E.
sun-ward,
Ir.
dessel
from
W.
and
seal.
See
deas
(*svel),
chwyl, versio.
deasmaireas.
deismireach, curious
see
d^istinn, deisinn, disgust, Ir. ddistion, edge (set
deas
and
sel
',
the
teeth
on
15
130
ETYMOLOGICAL
M.
diod,
diet^
Br.
DICTIONARY
referred
are
the
to
by Stokes
^de-patu (Lat. potus).
dhe^
root
deoghail, or
desire
deodhas, deothas, eagerness,
(deothas, M'F., O'K.) ; from
deathach.
See
Ov[jl6s,
dhevo-, Gr. ^ew, nm,
soul, etc.
deoghail, suck, Ir. diuilivi, deolaim, M. Ir. diul (n.,dat.), *delu-j
suck,
root
as
in
del
as
femina,
to
in
leech
deoidh, fa dheoidh,
See
felare, suck,
dionag.
at
dat.
; Lat.
; Skr.
c/e7^a,suck.
postremo
suck
dhe,
BrjXvs,female, O-qX/],
"suck-giver";
teat,
The
Breton
show
forms
dhdyati (do.).
woman,
; Br.
I. E.
Gr.
suck
OrjXd^o),
n
deal,
of
case
0.
Ir.
See
end.
dead,
Ir.
fo
diud,
deidk
for
derivation,
thinks
exul.
deoradh
borrowed
"
opposite
Brittonic
from
idi-brog-,see
urradh,
of
(Meyer).
air-rad
(Jub.).
urradh
is
dis-countrified
"
devroet, depayse,
diures,
word
the
Hence
Br.
"
Cor.
brugh),
guarantor,
the
di-
Deivar.
name
heated
being on
boring iron : ^de-tlieine,the accent
For
the second
de, see dealan-de.
portion teine, fire.
detheoda, henbane
(M'D.) :
the
detiach, deteigheach,
(M'D., Sh., etc.):
gullet, weasand
det-iack
accented
on
it-ioch,
iach, properly
peculiar as
; Dial,
detheine,
epiglottis(Arg.).
deabh.
deubh, shrink
; see
deubhann, a fetter for a horse :
deuchainn, diachainn, a trial, attempt,
deud,
Ir.
tooth,
diitd
W.
derig,
deich
is
difficult
rule,
with
make
10,
as
ten
to
13
Ger.
Br.
dacr,
lacrima,
Di-, -day
0.
; the
Ir.
for
M.
; Skr.
dantis
coig-deug,
(^).
fheachain,
to
see.
The
Cor.
dSoi!s
dans,
Br.
dant,
dant-.
0.
Ir.
dec,
detcg to
relationship
I. E.
languages, as
numeral
19
the
unit
to
by combining
tridecim.
drei-zehn, Ag. S. (Sritene, Lat.
^dvei-penge (St.).
deur, diar, a tear, drop,
0.
dant.
Gr.
(dentis)',
dens
e.g.,
deac,
Ir. det, W.
; Lit.
tun])us
diag;, -teen,
0.
dead,
(Stokes); Lat.
tooth. Got.
deug,
Ir. d^
feuch, feuchainn.
See
Br.
dacrima
decide.
Ir.
in
exact
The
0,
Ir,
tears, "^dakru
Eng. tea7\
the
other
dear, debr,
dazrou,
;
of
names
prefix
dia, die (0. Ir.),W. dydd,
Got.
of
the
Cor.
; Gr.
SaKpv
Lat.
tagr.
OP
*dijas (^dejes-?) ;
Ato9,
Allied
Jove.
Do77ih7iach, E.
day
Ir.
W.
luan,
moon
from
Tuesday,
ceud, first,and
cetain
Thursday,
"between
two
fasts"
second
the
"
Friday
Ir.
E.
Dia-haoine,
fast) :
day
Di-sathuirn, Saturday,
planets
Venus,
the
diomal).
dia, a god, so
Ir., 0.
deivos),deified
Ir.
one,
Skr.
diade,
diabhol, devil,
Lat.
from
W.
dia,
Moon,
; Gr.
of
Tiw,"
devd.
Hence
clothes,
0.
diamair,
Ir.
0.
diahhal,
diabolus,
W.
dillad,
dimair.
so
SUiiai,hasten
di, div,
Sios, divine
days
the
after
seven
Jove,
Mercury,
; Lat.
; Norse
the
Br.
duy,
(for
divus
tivar, gods,
devas, Pruss.
war-god;
diadhaidh, pious, Ir. diadha,
Ir.
whence
Lit.
M.
diahid,
also
Br.
Eng.
Root
Ir.,0.
Br.
diaoul
devil.
Ir.
diallait, cloak,
remain
mar,
Ir.
; Skr.
diawl,
W.
0.
Ir.
dillat,
dillat.
dian,
E.
;
^deino-s
Ir.
0.
diamair,
Ir.
di-mar, disappear 1
dei, di,
; root
allied
to
hasten
the
root
shine.
two-year-old sheep ;
See deoghail.
dhe, suck.
a
The
ditiu. Cor.
W.
^deivo-s
dianag,
q.v. ;
dia
divinus.
Gr.
(day
satharn,
Saturn.
Mars,
of
Dia-aoine,
didine
Ir.
(in Egypt)
duw,
deus
Ir.
aoin, fast,
M.
of
oin,
fasts
two
oine
from
Dia-sathuirn,
devo-, A"iovova=Divona,
doe, Gaul,
0.
Ir. dia
fast,"
Sun,
"
the
Friday,
Saturni, day
ancients
dd
dardden=etar
prefix, Ir. di-, dio-, 0. Ir. di-, W. di, *de ; Lat. de,
Also
de.
dim-, diom-(dlmeas, dimhrigh, diombuaidh,
See
deiwas
0.
Ir.
0.
Saturn.
di-, negative
of.
Ir.
originally named
were
of
the
Ir.
dies
Lat.
from
week
and
dine,
Di-
Mars";
"
day
Di-haoine,
of
"
Ir.
E.
W.
mdirt,
Dia-ceadaoine,
between
dia
dine,
last
of the
E.
of
"day
Ir.
the
dia^hsit.
Dia-dhardaoin,
and
Wednesday
the
being
Ir.
(de
Ir.
E.
Dia-mairt^
Ir.
M.
of
"day
Lunce,
Martis,
fast," Friday
sathairn,
dies
Lat.
from
cetdin, cetoiri,de
the
Ir.
Lord's
Dia-luain^
Ir.
dies
Di-ciadaoin, Wednesday,
ciaduinn,
of
Lat.
Ir.
Sunday,
(dies) dominica,
Lat.
from
Di-luain, Monday,
Llun,
mawrth,
Dydd
Di-domhnuich,
Zevs,
; Gr.
dia, god.
Di-mairt,
Skr.
domnach^
Dydd
"
dies
to
lord
dominus,
"
Lat.
131
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
cf. 0.
But
Ir.
Sc.
dinu, lamb,
dinmont
from
the
root
132
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
dias,
of
ear
an
and
geug
stiff, Lat.
dibheach,
W.
Ir., 0.
so
corn,
steip^
root
di-reidh
Ir.
W.
dias,
tivys
(pi.): '^'steipsa,
stiff?
ysgainc,
phonetics.
(H.S.D. quotes only O'R., while Arms,
has
?
it),Ir. dibheach
: "^de-^- beach
; M'A.
Ir.
dibhfhearg,
indignation,
vengeance,
cang,
makes
ant
an
obsolete
dibhfhearg,
(Keat.),
Ir.
E.
diberg
and
dim
from
Cf.
fearg
it
dibhfearg
di-
see
of
diardan.
C.
which
refers
to
S., but
diligent (Sh. ; H.S.D.
neither
in M'A.
nor
M'E.), Ir. dibhirceach, diligent, violent
(O'B., etc.) :
diobair.
dibir, forsake
; see
dibith, dimbith, luckless, lifeless (Carm) :
diblidh, abject, vile, Ir. dibligh, 0. Ir. diblide, senium
; seemingly
dibhirceach,
Lat.
from
(Zeit. 2'*)has
i.e.
adhbhal,
suggested
q.v.
dibrigh, dimbrigh,
from
Ir.
contempt,
brigh, q.v.
dichioll, diligence, Ir.
Or
feeble
debilis, weak,
dithchioll
ciall, sense
"
dimbrigli
"^di-cell- ; for
attention
to
Di-ciadaoin, Wednesday
; see
did, a peep ; an onomatopoetic word,
didean, protection, a fort, Ir. didean,
"
from
cell, see
timchioll.
Di-.
(Stokes) ;
jemtioncover
makes
roof.
the
Di-d6mhnuich,
root
The
em,
jem,
root
0.
as
in
cover,
Ir.
Lat.
verb
emo,
0.
Ir.
ditiu,
g.
diten, "^di-
buy.
Cf.
eiridinn.
OP
GAELIC
THE
E.
Zeuss
has
133
LANGUAGE.
Ir.
diles,proprius, own,
Jllius,fe7ni7ia,etc.
hat.
"^delesto-,
deoghal.
Sec
les,from
leas^advantage.
suggested di +
dilei^h, digest, dileaghadh,
digesting, Ir. dileaghadh,
of leagh, melt,
di-leagh, root
dileum
(accent on
dilinn, leac
ground
leum),
dhilinn,
"natural,"
dilleachdan,
"derelict,"
from
dimbrigh, contempt
dimeas, contempt,
in
from
d\l-
di- and
;
Ir.
; di-{-
stone
Ir.
orphan,
an
shackle
situ,
as
ieum,
q.v.
rock
from
appearing
above
in dileas.
dilleachda,
0.
Ir.
dilechtu,
let
(di-lec-,
leig,let go
orfani
go).
dlbrigh.
see
dimheas,
0.
Ir. dimess
di-, dim-,
; from
and
meas.
dinn,
Skr.
force
down,
squeeze,
Ir.
dhanvan.
the Eng.
dinneir, a dinner, Ir. dinnear
; from
Ir.
M.
dinnsear, ginger,
gingsear, M. Ir. sin^isar ; from
Eng.
Lat.
ginger,
zingiber.
di-ud-her
diobair, forsake, Ir. dihirim; for di + whair, q.v.
(St).
and
didiobhail, loss, Ir. dioghahhail, 0. Ir. digbail, deminutio
;
gabhail,
q.v.
vindictive
diobhuir, vomit
di + ad-cal
Lat.
diminish
; from
defero
(H.S.D.,
cail
diochain, forgetfulness ;
dibhear-
dibhfhearg.
see
^de^beir,
diocail, lower,
fierce,keen, Ir.
; from
which
de
and
quotes
beir.
MSS.
only)
Dialectic
for
dichuimhne,
that
is di- and
cuimhne.
diogair, eager,
diogan, revenge,
M'A.
; M'E.
cachinnus.
Ir.
is Irish
(not
in
184
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
*de-glumi
Ir.
gluiiii,yee
diolaiot,M.
foghlum.
Ir. dilaim
diogliail.
diol, pay,
; see
M.
G.
diolain
diolan, illegitimate,
(M'V,), Ir. diolanlas, fornication
Idnain.
See
(O'B.) : "^dt-ldnamnas, "non
conjngium "?
diumach.
diomadh, discontent, pain, Ir. diomadh, diomdha
; see
clover
seed
:
diomarag,
Ir.
diomasach, proud,
diomus, pride, M. Ir. diumus, pride, "too
"
great
measure
diombach,
;
di-od-mess,
diombuidheach,
diom-,
from
Confused
with
root
of
mess
office-less"
dim-,
diumach,
see
(Zimmer).
ful
unthank-
displeased,Ir. diomhuidheach,
un-,
and
huidheach,
thankful,
q.v.
q.v.
diombuaidh,
unsuccessfulness,
diombuan,
buaidh
and
of
compounds
buan, q.v.
diomhain, idle, Ir, dtomhaoin, 0. Ir. dimdin
"
coinus
transitory :
;
from
di- and
negative
maoin,
maoi?i.
g.
dina,
*denu-
; root
dhe,
set?
E.
Ir. dinghain, ward
off, dinghdla,
diong, match, equal, pay,
worthy : '^din-gah, ofF-give." See gabh.
See
diongmhalta,
diong
perfect, Ir. diongmhalta, perfect, sure.
"
above,
Sc.
jisk,
caper.
diosgadh,
barrenness,
-,
weak,
"^de-sti- ?
Root
sta.
not
135
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
OF
In
q.v.
disligheach, deviating
Ir.
straggling,
"5
the
"
of
sense
the
stormy,"
is doubtful.
M.
disne, a die, dice, Ir. disle ; from
Eng. dys, dice.
indictment
Ir. diotach, condemnatory,
dit, condemn,
diotdil, an
from
the
M.
parallel form
a
Eng. dtten^ indict, Sc. dite
;
to
"
indict^ endite,
Further
from
dico,
Lat.
say.
Sc.
dittay.
dith, press together, dithimh, a heap (Sh.) :
de
dith, want, defeat, Ir. dith, 0. Ir. dith, destruction, "^deto-,from
(as in de, of, d/t-,un-) ; Lat. letum
(Stokes).
[=^detum), death
Manx
Ir.
dithean, daisy, darnel, blossom, M.
dithen, darnel,
jean
dithis,
Ir.
pair, two,
Ir.
0.
dis,
dias,
g.
See
two.
dithreabll,
Ir.
desert,
"^dveiassa
dias,
"^dvei, 0.
feni.
hes, bessis,
cf. Lat.
Ir.
Ir. dithrub
0.
dithreabh,
di-
from
and
treahh, aitreahh.
see
dlvd
Ir.
the
diis
ace.
*bejes8 (St.).
from
treb
0.
da.
and
desse, dat.
Lat.
diu, to-day,
an
hiziu,
Br.
diu.
See
Ir.
"^divo-
hirio,
Br.
The
Di-, day.
0.
aniu,
andiu,
(Stokes)
(0.
an
indiu,
Ir.
in)
Ir.
Skr.
is
the
article.
diu, worth
diubhaidh,
while
*do-fiit; see
diu^ha,
refuse,
Jiii.
the
worst,
See
diogha ; opposite of rogha.
diubhail, mischief, loss ; see diobhoAl.
diubhrarj,difference,
Lat.
diuc,
diuc,
the
a
differo.
pip,
dulvc,
Ir,
water
diuchaidh,
of fowls
diuic
diubhce,
a
bladder
; from
addled
dijf'erof
(Keat.)
the
; from
keeping
Eng. ducker.
See
(Arm.)
call
at
nets
Eng.
the
dttke.
depth
proper
hens,
cluck,
Ir.
cluck
diugam,
diog.
(H.S.D.,
mischance
which
marks
spiritless person,
it
as
Ir.
Dialectic):
diuid,
0.
Ir.
diuit,
diulanas, bravery,
mercenarius
"^divr, "^difr,from
onomatopoetic.
simplex
Ir.
roghainn.
for
the
diugan,
(Arm.)
M'E.),
(M'F.,
difir.
See
sickness
diucair, a ducker,
under
diubhar
diu
Ir.
; from
diohcntas,
dtol,
pay.
earlier
diohihaineach,
soldier,
136
ETYMOLOGICAL
ditllt,refuse,
E.
diultaim,
Ir.
DICTIONARY
and
hesitates
Ascoli
*di-shlond.
and
diltud,
diumach,
of
n.
V.
Possibly
form
diomdhach,
Ir.
Ir.
M.
; Got.
or
(do.),
dligheadh.
see
(do.).
(M'L., M'E.),
dlaoigh, a lock of
dlai, a wisp ; cf. W. dylwf, wisp, and
E.
SI.
dlugu
dlo
of corn,
anything,
jloccus
Ch.
dulgs, debt;
handful
Ir. dlestanas
debt,
dlo,
root
"^dlixo-,"^dig-so-,
right
owe
dimmdach
dUndach,
dligheadh,
till, return.
of
do-sluindi.
displeased,
^dim-med-,
("Celt. Dec"),
(la,throw, Gv. eXavvw)
active
an
the
suggests
"^de-laudi
gives
"^di-la-
between
diltuch, refusing,
Zimmer
(Thu.).
Stokes
lateo, lurk,
of Lat.
Ir.
0.
diultaim,
*di-Ut
doriltiset, negaverunt,
root
Ir.
Ir.
Ir.
hair
Lat.
.?
(Dial.),Ir. dluigh,
Ir.
(O'B.),M.
active
Ir.
root
same
as
E.
"^dlilti-.
adhaerendi,
Ir.
dluith,
0.
^Aaw,
Cf. Gr.
Ir.
crush,
dru
W.
of a
web, Ir., 0. Ir. dluth, stamen,
dluth, the warp
dylif
above
from
the
root
{*dlu-mi- ?) ;
(dlu).
Ir.
0.
Ir.
Cor.
0.
Br. do, Br. da ; Eng. to,
do, to,
do,
do, du,
dhe,
Ag. S. to, Ger. zu ; Lat. -do (endo, indu) ; Gr. -8e. Stokes
from
the verbal
derives
the prep,
do
See
the
particle do, to.
next
do,
word.
verbal
particle denoting
to-, when
it
the
carries
"
"^tovo ; Lat.
tuus
; Skr.
; Skr.
of
(e.g.dobiur,
accent
W.
tdva,
du-, dy-,
dy,
etc.
negative quality,
Svor- ; Got.
; Gr.
dus-
W.
E.
y.
also
do-, du-,
give, *do-berd,
Cf.
teu. Cor.
See
Ir.
Ir.
Got.
du,
dhe,
Br.
to
da,
tu.
do-, dd-,
taz-, Ger.
0.
Ir.
do-, du-,
Its
opposite
the
of
it
the
Following
analogy
aspirates
so,
q.v.
consonants
in s.
though originally it ended
Ir.
W.
dwbiwr
M. Eng.
dobair, a plasterer (M'D.),
ddbadoir,
; from
daub.
dauber, Eng.
dobhaidh, boisterous
: "^du-vati-,root
vet, as in (mfhadh, q.v.
fdobhar, water, Ir. dobhar, E. Ir. dobur, W. divfr. Cor. dofer, Br.
zer-.
is so,
dour, Gaul,
domhain,
duburys,
q.v.
a
*dubro-n, ^dub-ro-,
dubrum,
Cf.
place
Lit.
with
dumblas,
mire,
springs, dumburf/s
root
Lett,
dub, deep,
dubli
; Ger.
as
(do.);
tumpel,
in
Lit.
deep
OF
GAELIC
THE
137
LANGUAGE.
Hence
dobharchu
standing water.
place in flowing or
(" water-dog ") and dobhran, the otter.
docair, grievous, hard, trouble, E. Ir. doccair, uneasiness, trouble.
See
socair.
i.e.,cor,
Hence
dochartach,
injury, hurt,
dochann,
dochar,
state:
"bad
state."
See
cor,
sochair.
Ir.
conaichi,
sick.
M.
Ir.
dochond, ill-fortune,0.
hu
*cuno-, high,
(as
ddchas, hope, Ir. dochas, M. Ir. d6chus ; see
docran, anguish (Sh., Arm. ; not H.S.D.) ;
felicior,from
root
in
curaidh)
docha.
cf.
from
docrach, hard,
docair.
dod,
tantrum,
fret,
Ir.
(n.), sdodach
sdoid
Cf.
(adj.), d6iddeach,
quarrelsome (Con.).
dodum, a teetotum
(Dialectic); from the Eng.
dog, a bit ; from the Eng. dock.
dogadh, mischief
(Str.).
(Sh.),0. Ir. dodcad
dogail, cynical,doganta, fierce ; from the Eng. dog.
dogan, a sort of oath (Dialectic,
M'L.); Sc. daggand, Eng. doggonit,
Amer.
doggond.
burdock, Ir.
dogha, a
meacan
doibhear, rude, uncivil, so
etc.):
"
ill-bearing";
Sc.
dod.
from
do-
heir ?
and
soichlech.
Root
is
betes.
doichle
E.
to
that
Ir.
of
E.
Ir.
dochell,
sochell, meaning
timchioU.
Gaul.
the
Ir. doit, 0.
Ir. inna
Ir. ddid, E.
n-doat,
grasp,
dos
lacertorum, ^dousenti{"^daus),doshan, fore-arm,
; Skr.
Zend
shoulder.
cites
the
daoska,
Strachan, who
meanings
hand,
"^doventi-,from
stem
Kapiros,
"
from
wrist,
from
I. E.
dheva
qrp,
ddid, hand,
turn.
Cf,
16
138
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
of. suilbh.
doileas, injury ;
doilgheas, sorrow,
duilich,
from
and
do-
Ir. ;
so
leas.
Ir.
the
doiligh, sorry,
from
of
form
q.v.
o), 0.
Ir.
doinionn,
doirbeag,
a
a
doinmech,
Ir.
tempest,
minnow,
caterpillar,E.
wind, bend,
doinrdidh.
darbh, wind,
oak
grove
doireagan, peewit
doireann,
doirionn
See
Ir. doinenn.
M.
marsh
G.
Ir. doirb
soirbh.
(Adamnan),
Ir. daire
derbho-,
whirl,
zirben,
see
murrain
I. E.
soineann.
worm,
"^dorbi-
H.
dan
W.
Derry,
darach.
see
Dialectic
0.
doineann,
fateful."
"
M'L.
N.
Ir.
Skr.
Dr
of adharcan.
form
(Arg.), tempestuous
weather
doinionn.
see
For
word,
Ir.
doirling, promontory,
leum) % For
meaning, see
tairbeart.
doirt,
pour,
Ir.
dofortad,
vor,
Gr.
ver,
dortadh
(inf.),E.
effunderet, dorortad,
pour,
Ir.
E.
; Norse
ovpov
water.
doirtirn,
To
this
feraim,
ur,
Stokes
*lud6,
doirtim,
poured
was
I pour,
out,
; Lat.
give
S. vdr,
Ir.
I. E.
from
the
from
urine
veroend
go,
Gr.
vdri,
; Skr.
sea
?).
doit.
leudho,
Ir.
^fort-, root
urina,
Sc.
0.
from
will
eAciJcro/xai,
and
luid
Stokes
refer
to
rjXvOov, came.
Brugmann
*{p)lud6, root plu, plou of luath, q.v.
fdol, grief, Sc. dool, from
dolach, destructive
grievous "; from
:
come,
"
Lat.
dolor.
dolaidh, harm,
V
so
Ir., E.
Ir.
dolaid, burden,
charge
*do-lud,
mis-go "; from
"
dolod,
; its
lud
0.
Ir.
opposite
of
luid,
dolud, damnum,
is
go
E.
Ir.
0.
G.
solod, profit:
(Ascoli).
OP
ddlas, grief,
Ir.
THE
ddlas
formed
189
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
solas, consolation,
from
See
analogy of other do- and so- words.
ddlum, mean,
surly, wretchedness, poverty.
dom, the gall,gall-bladder ; see domhlas.
Lat.
on
domail, damage ; apparently founded
Ir.
M.
Ir.
domhlas
domblas, gall,bile,
domhlas,
the
of
See
liver
savage
bulky
meall
deep,
^dubno-s
hole
M.
Ir.
damnum.
i.e.,"bitterness
ae,
ill-taste
domblas,
do-mlas.
; from
many
Cf.
domain,
Got.
diups
filled
Eng. deep
Domhnach,
"
Dumnorix,
W.
World-
Dyfnual),
form
D'Arbois
dom,hain
of
de
Celtic
Jubainville
"
deep," Duvinorix,
similarly to explain
as
has
he
"world
all
king":
which
little forced.
Sunday,
Lord's."
the
SI.
Dumno-
Dubno-,
another
"sea."
Gaulish
of
names
explains Dubno"deep king," "high king"; and
Biturix
as
"king for aye," not
seems
Gaul.
Dumno-valo-s,
the
Ch.
ravine,
dobhar.
domun,
"deep";
for
dauba,
Duhnotalus,
as
"^
the
world,
Ir.
water,
also
don, ^duhni-s,
Br.
divfn,
; Lit.
See
Ir.,0.
names,
W.
with
dheub.
Domhnall,
the
dubno-,
above.
Ir.
so
proper
Gaelic
king,"
I. E.
Universe,
of
root
Eng. deep,
ground
:
"^domail,
from
derg-domla, pi.,
Ir., 0.
so
ravine
the
(in
"
dolach.
Cf.
doimh.
see
the
in
dubri,
domhan,
*do-fo-mell
domhain,
"^
Ir,
solas.
bias.
domhach,
domhail,
M.
from
";
the
on
so
See
Ir., E.
under
Ir. domnach
; from
Lat.
dominica,
Di-.
be
may
donnal,
is
howl, complaint
Skr.
hence.
dhvana,
sound.
*don-no-,
Meyer
I. E.
whence
dhven,
"Better
says:
donal,
Eng. din,
fem."
G.
masc.
Zimmer
richis, coal,
refer
Bret,
it
regez,
to
the
of
the
Gadelic
gods,
root
glowing embers,
is allied.
Ascoli
rich, shine,
Skr.
ric, re,
0.
shine.
Ir.
140
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
dorran,
; Czech
dorrach,
drsen, rough
vexation,
Ir.
anger,
dorr,
rough,
(Stokes, Strachan).
M.
dorrdn,
dor,
dury8
^dvorestu-
d,orr, "^dorso-
Ir.
see
Lat.
fores
Cf.
E.
do-
and
Cor.
Ir.
gar,
q.v.
0.
daras,
Qvpa
Gr.
dogra, dogra,
Cor.
door
Eng.
dor^
; Lit.
dvdr.
Skr.
bush, tuft,
Ir.
word,
above
dos,
M.
harsh,
Ir.
dos,
0.
Ir.
dus
; Lat.
dumus
( dus-mus), thicket
; Eng. tease, teasel.
dosdan, a kind of food given to horses ; from
Eng. dust.
Ir.
misfortune
cf.
dosgadh, dosg'ainn,
dosgathach, improvident.
;
From
and
Ir.
dosgath, q.v.
dosguidhtheach, morose,
=
extravagant,
thinks
The
Eng.
drabh, scatter,
drac, a
dragh,
is allied
G.
the
word
Eng.
is allied
drab
to,
to
derived
not
draff, and
from,
so
is
the
dregs.
dissolve
has
however,
rifted
that
(Arg.) :
drake
trouble,
dregho-,
from
0.
Ag.
the
Ir.
S.
See
rac.
Eng.
g. mor-draige, roughness
trega,
^drago-, I. E.
vexation, Norse
tregr, dragging,
Skr.
"^'rapaxq,
drdgli, pain ; Gr.
from
the
Norse
draga.
dragon,
dracon
; from
Lat.
Eng. draggle-tail?
drillsean.
OF
draimheas,
I
foul
mouth
The
G.
grin.
dram, dram,
dramaig",
foul
; cf. Ir.
dram,
drabhas,
drabh
from
mouth,
wry
dramhaim^
above.
dranndan.
see
141
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
seems
THE
Ir. dram
; from
the
mixture,
Eng.
(Sh., H.S.D.)
crowdie
the
from
So.
dramock.
drannd, dranndan,
drantaigim,
sound,
from
'^dran,
dhreno-,
1. E.
Oprjvos,dirge
Gr.
Skr.
Ir.
M.
draint, dranntdn,
Celtic
drone
Eng.
Jr.
snarl,
dhran,
murmur.
drann, dranna,
draoch, a fretful
(M'A., Arg.)
word
ghastly look,
or
fretfulness,
For
snarl
drone
sound,
hum,
look
angry
meaning,
draoi, draoidh,
cf.
snuadh,
druidh,
druadh,
E.
druid).
Its
Ir.
same
hair
root
standing
dhrigk ; Gr.
hue,
hair.
druid,
magician,
drannd.
as
drai, drui,
Ir.
driuck,
hair.
9pi^, '^P^X^'^i
Ir.
pi.
(Eng.
draoi,
Gaul,
druad^
g.
end,
on
gen.
druides
Stokes
ship
etymology is obscure.
suggests relationwith
Eng. true, G. dearbh, q.v., or with Gr. Op^ofiaL,cry
in
(as
drannd,
durd), or Gr. aOpkui,look sharp, Pruss. dereu,
see.
as
dru, high, strong,
Thurneysen
analyses the word
tiuaill.
and
Windisch
have
also
see
suggested
Brugmann
the
Druids'
of the
root
dvu, oak, as
Pliny did too, because
for
reverence
from
the
oak
Celtic.
the
(Carm.)
S.
Ag.
tree.
dry,
dixioineach, druineach,
draoneach,
artisan,
"any
person
art"
dndnneadi,
(Grant), agriculturist;
needlework
druine, art
Opova, flowers
;
person
is borrowed
magus,
that
"eident"
practices
(Lh).
artist
in
an
Ir.
embroidery,
drugs.
drawl,
Dialectic
to
be
slow
in
drag'hlainn,
slovenly person,
Eng. drape.
Cf. Eng. dross.
Ir.
dried, ^drkko-,
dr^achd, dreuchd,
from
dr^ag",
the
mess.
Ir. trasta,
M.
for
an
trdth
sa,
root
duty,
root
meteor
Eng.
Ir.
E.
dreach,
portio, *drempto-,
dreag,
Eng. drawling,
and
slovenly.
time.
drathais, drawers
dreach, aspect,
^
slow
action, drawlie,
the
; from
derk
as
drech,
in
dearc,
office, Ir.
drep,
or
Gr.
W.
drycli,
song,
8p"7ro),
pluck,
;
Br.
derch,
0.
Ir.
drecht,
q.v.
dreaclit,
portent
M,
from
the
cull
Ag.
(Strachan).
S.
dreag,
Also
driug.
draugr, ghost.
apparition, Norse
dreall, dreoll, door-bar, dreallag, a swingle-tree : drs-lo-,root
split,Eng. tree ? Cf. W. dryll, ^dhruslo, Opavo).
der,
142
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
dreallaire,
dreallsach,
idler
an
blazing
see
drollaire.
fire
drillsean.
see
Ir. dremm
E.
dream,
tribe, people, Ir. dream,
; from
bundle, handful, manipulas, Br. dramyn, a sheaf, "^dregamo- ;
dream,
Spdyixa,a
Gr.
grasps
dreamsgal,
Cf.
dark,
Skr.
Spdcro-oixai,
grasp
handful,
make
fast,
heterogeneous
1. E.
Ch.
dergho-,
dreg
mass.
SI.
drazhaiti,
fasten.
Hence
dreng,
tramp
drong.
peevish, dream,
dreamach,
drem7ie, fierceness,
Ir.
E.
snarl
rush,
drom,
drem,
Gr.
cf.
from
Ir.
dreamhnach,
Spofxos,a
perverse,
surly, "^dremo-,
dreamh,
G.
race.
dreainach
dreangan.
^dregsmo-, root dreg as
Ir.
drainceanta, snarling, drainc,
dreangan, a snarler,
draint, W.
drengyn, a surly chap, dreng, morose,
from
be
may
in
for
dhre
from
dreg,
root
snarl,
also
"^drengo-,
of dranndan.
Ir. dreas
dris.
dreas, bramble, bramble-bush,
; see
dreasair, a dresser
(house-furniture).
Ir. dreadn, drean, W.
dryw, *drivo-, "^dr-vo-,
dreathan-donn,
wren,
*?
Cf.
Gr. T/aox^A-os.
See
dair.
for
root
der, dher, jump
sense
%
G. drannd,
Or from
dhrevo, cry, Gr. Opeojjiai,
q.v.
root
dreigeas, a grin, peevish face, E. Ir. dric, wrathful
; "^dreggo-,
dreg
in
as
dreangan.
.?
Thurneysen
prefers
from
dreos,
the
from
are
a
blaze
dreugan,
driachan,
Eng.
Norse
l"rcd.
In
the
The
sense
these
word
of
from
words
borrowed
as
appears
"loiterer,"
Eng.
dreolan,
these
words
droil.
drive,
*reimmen-
consider
dragon (Dialectic)
;
plodding, obstinacy,
driamlach,
to
cry.
from
see
Ir.
dragon.
driachaireachd
"^dreiqo-;
cf.
dhreip.
fishing
;
see
line,
Manx
reim.
rimlagh,
E.
Ir.
riamnach
OF
dril,
spark, sparkle,
drithle, dat.
reannag),
see
143
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
Ir.
*drith.
drithlis, a spark.
Drillsean.
from
drillsean, sparkles,
Hence
rushlight,
rush
used
wick.
as
dryssien,
suggests
dreis,
Eng. drauk
kept separate
drg, though G.
in
ch,
drithlean, a
drithleann,
driuhhlach,
driucan,
not
d\
rivet
a
a
incision
from
dris
See
be
might
trefs,Ger.
for
Bezzenberger
trespe,
It
zizanium.
Ir.
draigen,
^drg-si-, for
the
darnel,
must
Celtic
W.
be
root
would
droighionn.
cowl,
Ir.
(O'R.)
Ir. driuch.
one
G.
Du.),
droighionn, 0.
Ir. drithlinn
under
H.
of
sparkle,
beak,
{=^dravick
so
*dressi-.
drezen,
"^drepso-,M.
stem
M.
be
Br.
of the
oblique
;
; Sh.
has
M'A.
gives
toes."
See
form
of dril.
dribhlach.
also
the
meaning,
"an
draoch.
droich,
; Norse
dwarf,
zwerg,
droigheann,
Norse
dorg,
Ir.
an
angler's
droich, *drogi-,
tackle.
allied
to
Teut.
dwergo-,
Ger.
thorn,
Ir.
144
ETYMOLOGICAL
the
it to
origin
same
DICTIONARY
Gr.
as
twig. Also
repxvos,
droighneach,
"entanglement."
tackle
:
droinip,
drola, a pot-hook,
Ir.
E.
last
the
drol, droltha,
knocker,
drolam,
alder
the
handle,
drol, drolam,
stick
bar, unwieldy
tree
fellow
cf.
dreallag
for
troman.
see
Gaul,
factio,
dreblan.
see
Ir.
M.
meanings.
two
ring
door
tail, a
animal's
droll, an
Ir.
Ir.
E.
drong,
Ir.
whence
drungus,
drong,
Lat.
0.
Br.
drungus,
drogn,
a
troop
soldier,
as
a
driugan, serve
(4th century), "^drungo- ;
S.
Norse
dryht, people,
droit, household, people,
Ag.
from
the
drongair, a drunkard
Eng.
;
dronn, the back, Ir. dronnog : ^dros-no-, root dros of druim, q.v.
the Eng.
dronng, a trunk
; from
breeze
drothan, a
(M'D.) :
small
water, druaip, dregs,
druabag, a
drop, druablas, muddy
The
first is from
M.
lees.
druablas
is from
drop
Eng.
Eng.
;
is
from
Norse
drubli, turbid, Sc. droubly ; and
druaip
and
druigean (Wh.).
d7jupa, drip, drubhag
Norse
of sleep, a mouthful
of liquid ; from
drjupa,
drub, a wink
See
the
above
words.
drip.
E.
Ir, drucht, "^drilb-tu-,root
dhreub
druchd, dew, Ir. druchd,
;
Norse
S.
dreapian,
trickle,
drip,
drop,
drjupa,
Ag.
Eng.
drip,
Got.
triefen.
Ger.
Strathspey).
drudge, Ir. drugaire
Ir.
Br.
"^druzdi-
W.
to
starling,Ir.
dred,
E.
druidim,
"^druzdo-, *drus,
refers
druid,
next,
dru, drdva,
Gaul.
melt,
Druentia
run.
Got.
(Gaelic Druie,
; from
M.
Eng. druggar,
dragger,
drudge.
druid, close,
the
in
river
Eng.
see
Skr.
Cf.
ufar-trusian, besprinkle.
drugair,
dret
Ir.
drws,
the
same
druid,
^struzdi
door.
See
source
E.
Ir.
;
as
truid,
Lat.
dorus.
Eng.
Manx
turdus,
Stokes
now
trust.
truitlag, W.
thrush
; Lit.
drudwy,
strdzdas
; Lat.
dorsum.
lewd,
harlot,
"^druto-.
Cf.
Ir.
M.
druis, adultery, E.
Eng.
Ir.
dril^, darling,
OF
0.
Fr.
illicit
0.
H.
Ger.
G.
love.
whence
refers
Mayhew
(also trut^ drud)
driit^ dear
traut, beloved
145
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
(do.),druerie, love,
drud
drouery^
THE
M.
the
:
Eng. druerie,
Fr.
and
Eng.
Teut.
dreud'
But
badness
8i's-; Got.
Gr.
duaichnidh,
see
dual.
Of.
borrowed
'^dus
to
(Kluge).
the Eng.
druma, a drum, Ir., M. Ir. druma
; from
druman, elder; see homan.
in back, wrists, etc. (M'D.) :
drumlag^an, a cramp
This
Stokes
dii,meet, proper,
Ir.,E. Ir. du.
regards as
from
0.
Fr.
du
debntus), whence
(
Eng. due.
duthaich,
Sc.
of
tuz-, Norse
gloomy, ugly,
Ir.
Ir.
quality, Ir., 0.
tor-
; Skr.
dus-.
duaichniughadh,
to
du-, do-,
See
do-.
disfigure.
See
suaicheantas.
under
dual.
duarman, a murmur
dubailte, double,
Lat.
dubh,
Br.
; cf. torman
Ir. duhdilte
toirm.
from
; from
M.
Eng.
W.
du,
duhle, 0.
Fr.
dohle,
duplex.
black,
du,
deaf,
Ger.
Dubis,
Ir.
"^dubo-
now
dubh,
;
0.
Gr.
taub, Eng.
Ir.
dub,
tv(/)Ao?(
=
deaf,
also
0.
W.
blind
Ov"fi-X6q),
dumb.
Cf.
Gaul,
Got.
river
daubs,
name
Doubs.
subhach,
dubhach, sad, Ir. dubhach, 0. Ir. dubach
; see
subhailc.
dubhailc, wickedness, Ir. dubhailce
; see
founded
tZw"A.
on
dubhailteach, sorrowful
;
thubhairt.
said
dubhairt,
; see
dubhaith, a pudding :
dubhan, a hook, Ir. dubhdn, M. Ir. dubdn
:
dubhchl^in, the flank (H.S.D. from MSS.) :
17
146
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
dubhdan,
smoke,
duhhaddn,
dubhlaidh,
soot
from
duhh.
Ir.
Cf.
inkstand.
an
dubhla,
; cf.
wintry
gloomy,
From
cinders,
straw
dark
of
trial.
Ir.
ddn^
day, day
duhh.
dtlbhlan,
duhhshldn
challenge, Ir.
from
duhh
and
dan
defiance,
dubhliath,
the
spleen,
lleithon, milt
dubhogha,
the
really
ducan
due,
Ir. lue
Cf.
of fish.
add
to
(Perth),
Cf.
soul
duil,
Lit.
element,
an
duileasg,
drifted
for
dulse,
on
shore
Lis.),
Ir.
root
duk,
Hence
dudog
fuligo,
also.
stands
Ir.
^duli-
Hence
poor
creatures
duileag,
W.
dylusg,
what
dulse.
Sc.
Ir.
(Diet.)
engender
also
uisge,
doiligh, E.
dhUli-,
Skr.
zeugen,
duil,
duilesc,
duiW
^v/x6s
Gr.
Stokes
Ger.
;
Hence
for
cock.
soot.
Na
Ir.
old
My
Gr.)
for
dialectic
du, strive,
duil, dul,
girl,
duileasg, M.
by floods.
docked
root
fashion
"
(Perth)
stature
(Stokes
creature"
Ir.
(D.
duil, ^duli-,
(do.);
duco.
of affection
word,
next
of
Dutchraam,
Lat.
*dukli-,
means
low
of
duil,
it to
Ir. duil
duma,
Ir.
refers
"
Ir.
E.
toot.
0.
dust;
See
doytichy
thought
dulkes
Lat.
G.
Ir.
Lit.
further
Ir. dud.
ear,
(Arm.).
hope,
Ir.
Jionnogha.
"^dumhacdn,
is
tudan.
see
woman
dumas,
See
here
duthaich.
see
Eng.
winter
duitseach
diiil,expectation,
white.
ogha
of dun.
mound,
heap.
duchas, hereditary right ;
dud, a small lump (M'A) ;
dud, a tingling in the ear,
M.
dudach,
a
trumpet,
Dutch;"
lien.
(Arm.)
heap
lewilloit, W.
Hath, Cor.
lua
duhh
and
grandson ; from
to fionnogha, though jionn
jionn,
not
Root
onomatopoetic.
dudlachd, depth of
duidseag,
a
plump
Lat.
step
and
prep.,
Had,
grandson's
great
is used
duhh
0.
term
is
Jamieson
water-leaf."
"
dolig
cf.
Lat.
dolor,
grief.
duille,
Ir.
leaf, Ir., M.
leaves, OdXXm,
duille,
bloom
W.
; Ger.
dalen,
dolde,
Gaul.
M.
umbel
Br.
del
:
root
bloom, sprout.
Trefnre-SovXa,
leaved,"
taxes
duillinnean, customs,
(M'D.) :
duin, shut, Ir. d^naim,
barricading ;" from
dim, q.v.
duine, a man,
Ir., 0. Ir. duine, pi. doini
(= *dvdnji),
"
five
Gr.
OvkXa,
dhl, dhale,
is allied,
"
dyneddon,
Cor.,
OdvaTo"^,death,
to
pieces.
Br.
den, dunjd-s
mortal
6vr)T6"s,
"
Eng.
mortal
dwine
;"
Gr.
; Skr.
W.
dyn, pi.
Oavitv, die,
dhvan,
fall
OF
duircein,
seeds
the
dove.
0.
of
root
duiseal,
referred
by
See
acorns.
Windisch
to
the
q.v.
M.
; from
whip
origin, now
duiseal, dusal,
147
LANGUAGE.
derucCy glans,
darach,
GAELIC
the
of
Ir.
duisleannan,
THE
duschen^ strike,
Eng.
Scandinavian
of
dowse.
slumber
Norse
; from
doze.
(Dialectic, H.S.D.),
(M'E.)
:
"dreaming?"
Ir. duisgim, duisighim, 0. Ir. diusgea, expergefaciat,
ill-natured
duisealan
pretences,
; from
duisg, awake,
*de-ud-sec-, root
freaks
in
as
sec
duiseal
caisg, q.v.
W.
dol,
noose,
; Lat.
dolus^
etc.
dula, a pin, peg, Ir. dula ; cf. Lat. dolo, a pike, M.H.G.
zol, a log.
duldachd, a misty gloom ; see dudlachd.
dbmhail.
in bulk
dumhlaich, increase
; see
dun, a heap, a fortress, Ir., 0. Ir. dun, W.
din, Gaul,
dunum,
-80VVOV, ^duno-n, ^dunos- ; Ag. S. ttl7i,Eng. town, Ger. zaun,
Root
tun
deva, dH, to
hedge, Norse
(do.); Gr, Smaa-Oat, can.
be
strong, hard,
whence
also
diir.
dona
?
dunach, dunaidh, woe
; from
dur, dull, stubborn, Ir., E. Ir. dilr,
Gaul,
durum,
connections
durachd,
0.
fortress,
*duro-
dir, force,
further
For
durus.
Lat.
dir, steel,
Br.
dun.
see
duthrachd,
Ir.
W.
good
duthracht,
thringan^
dur
d^^
diir
in
^^^OYe
bit 1"
"hard
from
turquoise,
tricoises,
now
pincers.
durd, a syllable,sound, humming,
W.
dwrdd,
Lettic
to
seems
Norse
durlus, water-cress
durraidh, pork,
durrag,
worm
from
a
:
dher
Ir.
drone
; root
dur^dohhar
pig, durradh
duranta,
dhre.
morose.
Norse
; from
Cf.
durganta.
mugio,
I.E.
Gr.
sour,
be
Further
rattle.
dardet,
surly,
der, sound,
turkas,
farrier's
or
d6rd, dordaim,
root
sonitus, tordd, '^'dordo-s,
muttering,
durga,
Turkish"
"
Ir.
Ir.,E.
Sc.
; from
tweezers
and
grumphy
lus, q.v.
!
Cf.
dorra.
G.
148
ETYMOLOGICAL
durrghail,
of
cooing
DICTIONARY
Ir. durdail
dove,
Onomatopoetic.
durrasgach, nimble
(Dial.,H.S.D.) :
dursann, an unlucky accident, Ir. dursan,
from
the
currucadh,
also
(O'R.) ;
hard
sorrowful,
q.v.
of dorra.
stem
root
in
as
dun
Cf.
dii.
duhh
; from
tuil.
and
e, accented
Ir. e,
6, he, it,
The
ayam.
0.
0.
she
ea,
Ir. neuter
ed,
was
eadh
now
(as
in
h'dt. eis
es
Skr.
seadh, ni
h-eadh).
6a-, privative prefix ; see eu-.
eabar, mud, puddle, Ir. abar, marshy
ea-,
Aporicum,
^ad-hor,
the
"^elcvo-s ; Lat.
ebur.
S.
for
pen
Eng. ebony.
ehenum,
ech, W.
Ag.
;
a
^ex-hor,
ebetd,
aihva-
Got.
strayed sheep
; Skr.
see
Gaul.
Epo-,
ac^va-s.
eachdranach
root.
eachdraidh,
E.
Ir.
echtra,
without, *ekstero,
(see
Lat.
W.
his"tory, eachdaire,
eachdaireackd,
adventures
E.
; from
eithr, extra
; Lat.
extra,
Ir. prep,
extemus
ecktar,
; from
as).
a,
eachdranach,
Ir.
history,
historifm,
ex
Ir.
equus
eachdra,
Lat.
stagnum
(see Innear),
cann-ebor
q.v.
Lat.
Ir. ; from
Ir.,0.
Ir.
tobar,
Ir. ; from
ebony, so
eabur, ivory, so
each, a horse, so
for
of
bor
eabon,
eachdaran,
E.
Loch-aber,
Adamnan's
land,
foreigner,
extraneus,
Ir.
eachdrannach,
From
Eng. strange.
0.
Ir. echtrann,
echtar,
as
in
exter
eachdraidh.
antdr,
inside.
yes,
0.
Ir. ed
see
e.
en
; Lat.
inter
OF
eadh,
pidum,
eadha,
eadhal,
eadhon,
to
"
here
verb
eadradh,
ex-gal
eagar,
; from
Ir.
order,
eibheall.
this
"^id-souno-,
"
^m
*sou,
id
from
regards
in
as
so.
id
of
part
as
milking
noon,
; from
time
feag,
valour.
aithne.
In
0.
Gr.
palumba,
and
cuir.
eglivys, Br.
His
the
are
eagna
aith-
see
and
gen
of
elements
same
dith-gen-).
{^aith-gen-,
eclais,W.
"^aith-gen;
and
aithne
eairlig",
w^ant, poverty, airleig ;
*elerko-'S
Ir.
aith-
ecclesiastic.
Ir. ^ne,
differentlyaccented
'^'dith-cor ; from
Ir. ecor,
eagluis.
Ir., 0.
fact
theagamh.
for
Ir.,E.
Ir.
so
eadargdn,
Manx
ecclesia,Eng.
wisdom,
Ir.
interposition,
?
agg, W.
ag, cleft,"^eggd- : peg
Ir. eaguil, eagla, E. Ir. ecla, 0. Ir. ecal (adj.),
so
row,
Lat.
eAeto?,
takes
; he
eifii, etc,
:
see
is from
eadarthra,
Ir.
; Dialectic
eag^lais,a church,
eag^na,
Eng.
eadar.
gal,
see
perhaps
from
op-
in
as
go,
trath.
nick, notch,
eagan,
Lat.
substantive.
pedo,
Ir. idon,
{Celt.DecL)
eo, Gr.
Lat.
of
separation
eag,
Root
plain
etc.
TreStov,a
tread.
pad,
Stokes
milking time,
eadar
Gr.
an
ov-Tos.
i, go,
the
ped
Of. Gr.
root
SI.
149
LANGUAGE.
brand,
GAELIC
root
pedis,
pes,
letter
the
fd^
; Ch.
town
Lat.
foot,
Ir.
E.
space,
THE
cf.
"^air-lann
lann,
see
land,
airneis.
elerhc,*elaio,
alarch, Corn,
eUt, W.
eAea, reedwarbler, ekacras, grosbeak, I Aeas, owl,
Gr. TreAeta,wild
dove, Lat.
olor, swan.
; Lat.
dove,
0.
Ir.
poalis (do.),have
Prus.
been
suggested.
to
ealach, ealachainn, a peg
hang
things on, E. Ir. alchuing,
elchuing, dat. alchaing, pi. alchningi.
ealadh, learning, skill, ealaidh, knack, Ir. ealadh, E. Ir. elatha,
el, intelligence: root el : : at (of eilcan)?
gen. elathan, W.
6aladh, euladh, a creeping along (as to catch game), Ir. euloighim
go,
away,
E.
Ir.
claim,
Gr.
eXavvo
"^ass-luim.
now
ealag, a
ealadh.
ealaidh, an ode, song, music
; see
ealamh, eathlamh,
quick, expert, Ir. athlamh,
athlam, "^aith-lam
the
idea).
See
Ham
ullamh
is allied
for
to
discussion
Idmh,
of the
E.
hand
root
Ir.
athlom,
("handy"
lam.
is
150
ETYMOLOGICAL
ealbh,
DICTIONARY
profit, *elvo-
multitude,
Gaul.
cf.
W.
drove,
Elvetios, Elvio,
etc.
elw^ goods,
root
'^'pel-vo-,
full '?
pel,
ealbhar,
fellow
vacant,
(Suth.)
Norse
; from
dlfr, elf,a
ealbhuidh, St John's
wort, Ir. eala bhuidh
(O'R.) :
Innis
E.
Ir.
Ireland.
elg :
^a/^a
fealg",noble, so Ir.,
Cf.
Elgin,
with
him.):
Q\Qn-elg.
have
ealla, nothing ado ("Gabh ealla ris"
nothing
eallach, a burden, so Ir., M. Ir. ellach, trappings
ado
"
eallach,
drove,
sluagh.
from
eallach,
0.
Ir.
(Arran),
cattle
; cf. Ir.
uallach
See
load
or
and
Ir.
so
ealt.
cf. 0.
Ir.
ellach, conjunction,
*ati-
slogos (Zimmer).
peslo-, a brute,
Cor.
ehal,
for
Cor.).
Ir.
and
ellach, union,
Ir.
flock,
drove,
eallach,
Ir. elta
E.
ealta,
; 0.
pecus
See
H.
S.
Ascoli
al.
"^ell-tavo-,
drove, cattle,
0.
joins
with
ealt.
Ir.
See
eallach.
ealltuinn,
Br.
0.
altin, Br.
tail ;
eanach,
"
ealtin,
aotenn,
split ; Old.
pat,
eaman,
Ir.
razor,
SI.
'^{p)altani;
W.
Ger.
in
ellyn,
spalten,
elinn,
cleave
Skr.
q.v.
"
Cor.
0.
two.
also
E.
honour,
regard
Ir. altan,
vd^^-platiti,cut
feaman,
see
0.
face
Lat.
of
oq
hence
oc-ulus,
etc.
eang",
root
eang,
ong
given
gusset,
eangach,
Ir.
E.
in +
ruption
cor-
W.
inchind,
"what
ceann,
is
corner
Ir. eang,
E.
Ir.
eng,
track
; cf.
theagamh.
for
;
fetter, net,
eang,
cf. Lat.
Ir.
angulus,
eangach,
Eng. angle.
chain
net,
of
nets.
From
foot.
angles";
eangarra,
evidently
head."
the
in
valiant
from
from
eang.
eang,
step.
eangladh,
likely
entanglement
founded
on
possibly
eangach.
from
the
Eng.
tangle
not
OP
THE
Ir.
Lat.
Ir.
water,
water,
eanghlais, E.
in and
(Corm.),
yXdyos, yaAa(KT09), milk,
from
green
^'glagsa; Gr.
it
'^glak-t). Cormac
says
e?i
water, "^pino (St.).
grey.
englas (fern.
Ir.
water
glas, milk,
lac
glas,
and
151
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
from
is
water,
en,
and
eanntag",
deanntag.
; see
eanraich, eanbhruith, soup, juice
nettles
E.
Ir.
have
of
it
ear,
enhruthe,
obsolete
an
flesh."
"
water,
en,
chicken-soup,"
an
ear,
the
prep,
The
is
opposite
of
desire.
oriente
anoir,
from
iar, from
iar, behind,
Ir.
erdil, irdil,
0.
exhortation,
an
observer
iar, an
make
before," the
really "from
aii^ (
nail
(see a, from), and
*ari),
the
The
is supposed
to
face
sun.
ab
an-air,
(*apona)
an
before.
earail,
Ir.
water
as
dialects
the
"
it
explain
Most
O'Cl.
and
bruith.
eun
Corm.
boil.
eanghlas.
see
from
as
east, from
east, 0.
bruith,
For
the
and
in
from
boiled
of
q.v.
"^air-ail
dill,
from
earal, provision,
Ir. oirthior, eastern,
an
day after to-morrow,
earar,
earar,
0.
Ir. airther, eastern,
day following, day after to-morrow,
^aritero^, "^pareiteros (Gr. Trapocrepos),comparative of air,
Hence
caution.
the
before.
eararadh,
and
for
roe,
Ir., E.
worn
brooch,
shoulders
the
over
shawl
tartan
grinding: *air-aradh,
before
pot
arid
Ir. erb.
erbe, heir,
orphan.
tail, so
ball, q.v.
Got.
arbja,
leave
heir
; M.
Ir.
urball
in
Arran
and
Cf.
to
epL(f)o"?.
erbaim,
erbe, bequeath,
Lat.
; from
orbus, Eng.
air
cow
from
airleas.
in
cattle
"^ari)
from
(Corm.)
call, q.v.
and
see.
air
and
gon
Also
root.
as
"^ari-lanti-,root
flux
air
old
adj. erkmi,
ullamh.
nom-
West,
the
heifer
See
Ir.
G.
H.
Ir., E.
feargnaich, which
suggests fearg
earlachadh,
preparing food (Suth.) ;
0.
all allied
earc,
females
by
*air-asaid
0.
Ger.
and
tartan
(vb.), earbsa
erpimm,
aridus,
of
by
in
corn
root.
so
trust
earball,
of
Lat.
square
fastened
asair
a
in
as
ar,
earasaid,
earb,
earb,
parching
root
lam
of lamh.
ready.
152
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
end, tail,Ir.
earr,
(Lewis) ;
scar
^ersd
Ir. err,
6ppo"s,rump
Gr.
S,
Ag.
Eng.
ears,
earr,
E.
earr,
Norse
(do.).
arr
orr,
is
errech, *persdko-, irom. pers, which
ek ; per,
from
before, Lat. per, proe,
as
eks, ( ex) is from
per,
idea is the
"first of
Eng. /or, /ore, ; as in air, ( ari). The
Such
the
year." Of. Ger. frilhling, spring, of like descent.
Ir., 0.
earrach, spring, so
Ir.
is Stokes'
(cf. for
end
earr,
Another
derivation.
form
the
extremity) meaning
May, "first of summer,"
allied
Not
earradh, clothes,
reid
from
Lat.
to
equivalent
earradh, wares.
earradhubh, the wane,
Eng.
the
Eng.
moon
ceitein.
the
year.
earr
Gaul.
the
allied.
Hence
+ duhh
MSS.)
from
Lat.
is
ready
lower
*ari-reido-n
from
comes
array
of the
wane
(a blow, Arms.)
taunt
of
(^ad-redare^,and
earrag,
the
year,"
beginning
the
is from
earrach,
the
of
being
Ir.
reidh.
of
toiseach,
end
"
earrach
and
ver.
Ir., E.
so
and
tos
is that
view
is the
intensive
particle;
per.
tearraid, tarraid
(Dial.): from Eng. herald f
earraid, a tip-staff,
earraigh, a captain (H.S.D.) ; see urra.
M.
Ir. errand, "^dir-rann ; from
a
portion, Ir. earrumi,
earrann,
portion.
rann,
wealth
earras,
earrlait, ground
earr-thalmhuinn,
eas,
manured
waterfall,
earradh.
see
yarrow
Ir.
eas,
eas-,
see
d-patti, mishap
pest ; Slav, na-pasti,
privative, prefix,Ir.
See
E.
earn.,
g.
Ir.
ess, g.
("mis-fall"); Lat.
Skr.
a
and
productive next
year
aihair-thalmhuinn.
one
as,
a,
esw,
(Oarm)
'^esti-
'^'peMi;
down, pestis,
pessum,
(Bez.).
casus
eas-,
Ir.
0.
es-,
W.
eh-,
Gaul,
ex-,
^'eks.
out,
easach,
thin
"
"
"
cataract, from
easbhuidh,
out
"
want,
defect,
of it ; from
roots
Ir.,E.
so
of
G.
and
Ir.
cf. aisir.
fellow
trifling,handsome
easbaloid, absolution, Ir. eashaloid
;
easbalair,
; from
"^ess-rad- %
eas.
easar-chasain, thorough-fare
bustle
as
and
(M'A.)
from
Ir.
bu,
Lat.
absolutio.
"
eshuid, '^'ece-buti-s,
being
q.v.
OP
easbuig", a
eshop
feasg,
bishop,
; from
Ir.
Lat.
GAELIC
THE
Ir.
0.
eashog,
153
LANGUAGE.
espoc,
episcopus, whence
esgoh,Br.
W.
epscop,
Eng. bishop.
ditch, fen,
easgaidh, quagmire, ease, water, E. Ir. esc,
'lo-Ka, the Exe, [Scotch Esks\
water, fen-water, 0. British
^isltd, water, *(p)idskd ; Gr. TrcSa^,well, ttlSvo),
gush. The
a
W.
easg,
Ir.
stream,
w7/sg,
W.
0.
uisc
easgann,
snake,"
ung,
snake,
for
it
Lat.
See
anguis.
easg,
ditch,
feasga,
the
(a
moon
century),
0.
name
Ir. esca,
surviving
in
*eid-skio- ; from
e'sce,cesca,
last
Braemar
eid, id,
root
in Lat.
full moon
idiis,the ides, "full light,"i.e.,
(Stokes):
Gr.
Skr.
^encscaio-,
light (Strachan).
"f"eyyo"s,
pnjas, light,
better
easgaid, hough ;
iosgaid, q.v.
as
Easgaidh,
ready, willing,
escuit
; from
easgraich,
easp,
door
eu-
torrent,
latch
and
easguidh,
Ir.
E.
escid, W.
esgud, Br.
sgith, q.v.
mixture
coarse
see
easg.
Ir.
to
litter
strew,
cattle,
Lat.
E.
Ir,
sternere, etc.
esrad, strewing,
See
casair, bed,
caisil-chrb.
s6%
see
sa.
Lat.
habere.
root
suit
E.
see
Ir.
ped, fasten,
For
Eng. fetter,etc.
sense,
catch, proehendo, Eng. get.
aodach.
edenn,
hold
cf.
Lat
on
W.
eiddcvj, Cor.
; Lat.
pedica,
hedera, ivy,
form
of eideadh.
eididh, a web ; apparently a shortened
Lat.
ejfectus.
^ifeachd, effect,so Ir. ; from
of
eididh
eididh), *veggid, root
a
web,
eige,
(on analogy
idhio,
fetter
from
ghed,
oifigh.
18
154
ETYMOLOGICAL
eigh,
ice ;
aigred,
W.
eiry,
eigh,
file,Ir. oighe
6igh,
cry,
Cf.
Ir.
also
"^agid ;
0.
dvdyKT] (
root
of
ag
Ir. egem,
Eng.
Got.
axe,
Celtic
igt.
; Lettic
eig
root
aqizi.
oighreag.
0.
W.
Ir. ecen,
dv-dyK7]).
Ir.
E.
oidhir,
(Stokes, Zim.).
aeger
Ir.
snow.
eiglieamh,
Lat.
eighre, oighre,
Hence
deigh.
see
DICTIONARY
Allied
by
(Stokes) ;
*enknd
angen,
{a7ik enk)
root
thig,
to
etc.
eildeir, an
elder
from
the
alio-, *aljo-,
eileach,
"
Ir.
mill-race,
Ir.
eile, 0.
*aUo-
elder.
Eng.
Scotch,
alius
; Lat.
W.
aile,
aill, all,
embankment
mill-dam,
aAAos
; Gr.
eil,all,
else.
Eng.
ail, stone,
from
Br.
stone-work."
eilean,
Ir.
Island,
an
oilean,
E.
Ir. alien
from
eyland, Eng.
Norse
island.
eilean, training
eileir, the notch
fixed.
eileir,a
deer's
them.
in
oilean.
see
the
on
of
staves
Hence
the
cask
deer
eilitrum
Deer
of
for
elit,W.
Ir.
e'Aa^os (
fawn,
bier
;
0.
first
sowing,
cfs.
ploughing
Umbrian
Maclean
elain,
Gr.
pelsatu,
the
compared
"^elinti-s,
"*e/an^,
cerva,
eAv"^os),stag
cf. Ir.
; Lit.
elnis, stag
etc.
eilig, w411ow-herb,
eilitriom,
Bk.
Elrick.
eilthir.
see
Stokes
eillgheadh, burial, to which
H.
OdTTTeLv,pelsans, sepeliundus.
Gr.
battue
to
"?
d-elerc
Arm.
is
bottom
driven
were
place-name
common
the
where
from
Lat.
helix.
epilobium ; from
(H.S.D. for Heb.), Ir. eletrom, eleathrain,
Lat.
feretrum
(Stokes).
from
Ir.
M.
pilgrim,
eile and
Ir.
oilithreach, 0.
Ir.
tir, q.v.
eiltich, rejoice :
eineach,
Ir.
bounty,
nak, attain,
as
in
oineach.
tiodhlac.
air
and
Cf.
0.
Ir.
Hence
the
crop-land
;
E.
ainech, protectio,
Ir.
and
H.S.D.
hill-land
airbcrt,
use,
air
heir
eineachlann,
(M'F.). :
airbiur,
heir, q.v.
"
side-say
"
root
; cf.
ahair.
dego,
THE
O^
eirbleach, slack-jointedor
should
crippled person
possibilityof
The
hirple.
creature,
Lat.
eireachd,
air-ahlach
kirjdock,
lame
(cf.conahlach)
0.
Ir. aire
^pario,
air.
of
root
porto.
Ir.
assembly,
an
; cf. Sc.
be
kept in view.
eirc-chomhla, portcullis(M'D.) :
eire, a burden, Ir. eire,E. Ir. ere,
Cf.
155
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
origin
same
from
W.
as
oireachdus, E.
the
of
root
Ir. air
thig.
araeth, speech,
root
Ir.
edit, 0.
Stokes
req,
aired,
it to
refers
in 0.
as
Slav.
reka, speak,
raccare,
cry as a
0.
Ir. airegde, prsestans, from
eireachdail, handsome,
aireich),
primas. See airidh.
eireag",a pullet,young
hen, Ir. eireog (Fol.,O'R.), M. Ir. eirin, W.
Cor.
iaren.
gallina, Br. iarik, *jari-, hen ; Lit. jeruhe,
^ar,
N.
Slav,
heathcock,
(Bez.).
^er^^^, nuthatch
old
carle
(Dial., H.S.D) ; from
eireallach, a monster,
clumsy
Lat.
lion,
eire.
eiriceachd, heresy,
the
from
0.
Ir., E.
so
Ir.
form
Ir.
0.
eres,
Ir.
which
somehow,
heretic, hereticus
itself
is
from
Lat.
hoereticus.
See
reg.
rach.
"
^etiss, *aith-do-iss,
as
means
air-issim,
hheal
from
1
the
instare
reduplicated
stand),
hush
animum
Root
an-tus-,
form
the
iss
of the
root
silence
great
doubtless
he
sta
Cf.
(cf.0.
Ir.
Ir.
eist
do
E.
Ir.
of tosd.
"
root
em
of eiidail.
eisiomplair,example,
exemplar.
Ir.
Cf.
Lat.
eidompldir,
exemplum.
Ir. esimplair
M.
*ex-em-
; from
Lat.
156
ETYMOLOGICAL
Ir.
DICTIONARY
oisre
eidr,
; from
M.
Eng. oistre,from
to
the
ostrea.
eisleach,
the
crupper
withe
that
ties
the
tail-beam
pack-saddle,
eislean, grief:
^ex-slan
'^an-slan
; cf.
Ir,
eislmn, weak,
Ir. eslinn
E.
(do.):
slan.
see
which
the corpse
is laid, a shroud
eislinn, boards
on
(H.S.D., from
MSS.
; M'E.) :
unhusked
of corn
eite,
ear
(M'E.)
eite,eiteadh, stretching, extending :
of heath
roots
eiteach, burnt
:
eiteag*, white
pebble, precious stone ; from
Eng. hectic, lapis
hectic
hecticus, the white
as
a
stone, used
remedy against
and
diarrhoea
dysentery
(Martin, West. Isles,134). See eitig.
Tr.
eitean, a kernel, grain,
eitne,eithne,E. Ir. eitne (n.).
eithich, false, perjured, Ir. eitheach, a lie, perjury, 0. Ir. ethech,
Cf. Ir. di-thech, denial
on
oath,
perjurium ; root pet, fall ?
on
oath, di-tongar i. sentar, fortoing,
for-tach, admission
See freiteach for root,
*tong6, swear.
proved by oath
Ir.
For
wn"QV
eitich, refuse,
freiteach.
eitigJmn.
root, etc., see
0.
Ir.
eitigh, fierce, dismal,
etig, turpe, adetche, abomination.
un-Ao?^se-like
"un-wonted,
(Zim.), for G.
Scarcely "^an-teg-,
would
be eidigh. This
Stokes
"^an-tehi-s,
(Bez. Beit ^^) makes
not
child, Eng.
fair, W. teg, fair, Gr. tlkto), produce, tgkvov,
be eidigh.
thitig. Still G. should
dh'
Ir. eathaim, E. Ir.
eithinn, would
eith, go (Sutherland),
go,
:
"
ethaivi, ^itdo
ei, i
; root
eitig, consumption
Sc.
; from
; Lat.
ire, ituin
etick,from
Fr.
Gr.
et/xt, etc.
eticpie,hectique, Eng.
hectic.
?
See
eitreach, storm, sorrow
: "^aith-terof eblas.
eoisle,a charm
; a metathesis
Ir.
edl, eolas, E.
eol, eolas, knowledge,
d-eulus
*ivo-lest%L
tuirse.
Ir.
eolas,
Ir.
0.
heuLas,
E. Ir. eorna,
"^'jevo-rnio-,
*jevo- \ Gr. ^eta,
barley, Ir. eorna,
spelt ; Skr. ydva, corn, barley ; Lit. jaivai, corn,
eothanachadh, languishing (II,S.D. gives it as Dial. ; M'E.); see
eorna,
feodhaich.
eu-,
negative prefix,Ir.
c, t, p,
and
s.
See
ea-, eu-,
0.
Ir.
e-.
It stands
for
an-
before
an-.
eucail,
cdil,q.v.
:
euchd, a feat, exploit,Ir. eachd, feat, covenant, condition
; E. Ir.
echt, murder, slaughter, from ec (St.).
euchdag, a fair maid, a charmer
one," from euchd.
: "featsome
addiant
eud, jealousy, zeal, Ir. ead, 0. Ir. et, W.
i^ add-iant),
in
Gaul,
iaiitu*jantulantumarus,
longing, regret,
; Skr.
disease
an
THE
OF
zeal
yatnd,
; Gr.
157
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
zeal ; root
jd,
jat, strive.
spreidh, O'Cl.
death, Ir. eug, 0.
eug,
*enku-s, "^enkevo- ;
Lat.
perish.
na^,
eugail, disease ; see
eugais, eu^mhais,
eugais, without,
no
E.
negative
eug-,
Ir.
ec, W.
Cor.
angeu,
death
;
nex,
0.
and
Gr.
Br.
ancou,
corpse
vckvs,
Skr.
eucail.
as
Ir. ecmais
prefix,
"^an-comas,
pensation,
dis-
eagmhuis, want,
"
non-power
an-con-samuil
eugsamhuil
in
as
Ir.
"
see
cosmhail.
ealadh.
euladh, creeping away
; see
eumhann,
a
MSS.), 0. Ir. nem,
pearl (H.S.D. from
g.
sheen, niamda,
nwyf,
pearl, niam,
bright, W.
Cf. neamhnuid.
nwyjiant, brightness, vigour : "^neim.
eun,
fowls
Hence
eur,
refuse,
Ir.
rd, give,
eura,
rd.
edn.
Cor.
vigour,
hethen,
Br.
fly, 7reT7pa,
pdtati, fly.
Ir. ejilaith.
Ir. era,
refusal, E.
Cor.
W.
give, Zend
etn, W.
pet,
Lat.
wing
penna,
eunlaith, birds, E.
W.
0.
nemann,
eraim, "^ex-rajo(n.),root
Br.
rhoi, give.
ry,
See rath, luck, favour.
reiff,give
Skr.
rati,
fa, under,
form
ffa, was
M.
Ir.
of
fa,
/o,
(past
Ir.
E.
Ir.
q.v., used
of is),M.
fa h-,
E.
Ir.
fa
(as
in
distributive
in adverbial
G.
ha
side
expressions.
numbers)
See
bu,
the
form
now
(better faghairt,
"
used.
pering
"tem-
the
suits
pronunciation
(Wh.), which
best); Ir.
Lat. faber, smith,
on
faghairt, tempering (Keat.) ; founded
whence, through Fr., Eng. forge.
Lat. favor.
fabhar, favour, Ir. fdbhar, W. ffafr ; from
fabhd, a fault ; from Sc. faut, from Fr. faute.
fabhra, fabhrad, abhra, eyelid,eyebrow, Ir, abhra, fabhra, eyelid,
E. Ir. abra, n. pi. abrait. Cor.
abrans, Br. abrant, eyebrow,
Mac.
Gr. dfSpovres; further
There
is
brow, Eng. broiv.
o"^/ov?,
Ir.
E.
dual
*hruvat-.
The
an
bruad,
bra, pi. brdi,
phonetics
clear.
Lat.
Stokes
has
not
are
frons, frontis, as
suggested
allied,*bhront- with the prep. a{p)o ( E. Ir. -a-),ab.
=
158
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
take
it
vocula.
Lat.
from
vocahulum
fowl
puffin a water
(Sh.) ; root va, blow 1 Ono1
call
of
bird
matopoetic : f-ah-ah,
marks
it Dialectic); cf. Ir. fachain,
fachail, strife (Sh. ; H.S.D.
fachach,
the
"
striving.
(H.S.D. for N.
fachant, puny
fachaint, ridicule, scoffing ;
W.
satire,
gogan,
Ir.
vaz-dho-,
or
erium, Keat.
fadadh, fadadh,
Ir.
Mid.
Br.
of
{soud
delay,"
dtud,
cuttle-fish
fadhbhag,
breeze
sing,
say.
*vad-dho-
fadal, delay,
/ac?
fadaghadh,
and
desid-
ddil.
(Keat.),
fadogh
Zimmer
analyses
unsatisfactorily ; E.
Cf. fod.
(Meyer).
but
kindled
trifling,paltry, fag^harsach
fadharsach,
Cf.
sub-speaking."
can,
from
which
iompaidh),
adsui
"
Hence
fadadh,
Ir.
E.
vast
Ir.
kindling,
fo-cainnt,
/ao?o?ai/,"long
fatod,
*ad-soud
Ir.
vastus,
"^vo-can, root
gogc,
0.
fada,
Lat.
High.)
from
fafan,
f^g, leave, Ir. fdgaim, 0. Ir. foachaim, fdchaim, *fo-ad-gah- ;
gab of gabh, q.v.
Ir. fogus, E.
Ir. focus, ecus,
0. Ir. accus,
fagus, faisg, near,
a
agos,
Ir.
(by
E.
house
the
house), Ir., E.
Ir.
chi.
Ascoli
refers
ciall, sense
from
faidh,
area
prophet,
6"r,
sense,
rage.
faidhbhile,
W.
a
beech,
hile, a tree,
Br.
Ir.
fao
which
is
it to
allies
0.
Ir.
it with
*dd-ciall
dichioll.
Ir.
has
ffawydden,
Cf.
The
Ir.
W.
see
root
agus.
house,
kaio-n,
Celtic
See
hogoz, "^aggostu-.
Br.
nearest
as
Ir.
carmen
feagha,
from
is the
vates
mad),
Norse
wuth,
^vdto-.
fagus.
in
Ger.
Lat.
same
Lat.
origin
G.
as
adds
the
bile, leaf.
Voc),
old
W.
word
OF
faidhir, a
Ir.
fair,
Lat.
GAELIC
THE
faidhrin
159
LANGUAGE.
founded
on
paidhir
from
of bread
(M'A.) :
from
faigh, get,
Ir.
phonetics,
stair.
Ir.
E.
faghaim,
invenis, homfo-gabim,
E.
oi
gab
root
Ir. imnia
iarfacht,
0.
fagbaim,
Ir.
gabh,
and
pair,
cf.
For
feria).
staidhir
foacht,
iarmifoacht,
asked,
177).
gen,
root
fogbai,
non
q.v.
Windisch
asked.
ni
know,
as
refers
to
say.
ag,
in
aithne.
iar-faigim,
iarmi-fo-siag
(St. R.C.19
fail,foil, corrupt, putrefy, parboil ; root vel, bubble, boil ; Norse
vella,boil, Eng. well, Ger. wallen, bubble.
fail,foil, a stye, Ir. fail, 0. Ir. foil, muccfoil, hara, iretfhoil, W.
encircle
elXvoy,
gwdl, couch, *vali-, root
vel, cover,
; Gr.
vali, proenvelop {^velu-),elXap, shelter ; Skr. vald, cave,
jecting
thatched
In the
of
roof.
sense
encircling,rolling,"
add
Further
Lat. volvo, volurnen, Eng. volume, wallow, etc.
allied is G. olann, wool, Eng. wool, Lat.
Idna, etc.
fail, fail, a ring, Ir. fail,0. Ir. foil, g. falach, ^valex; Gr. eA,t^,
in fail.
a
twist, spire,vine-tendril; root vel, "circle," as above
"
Cf.
for
Also
vowel
to falgh,
falagh condensed
failc,bathe, lave, Ii*.folcadh, 0.
*volk6
wash,
swampish
here
Lettic
ivaUJcs, damp,
Further
place.
named
the
Celts
allied
Rhine
or
W.
is G.
Gauls,
falach
stem
folcaim,
Ir.
chaton."
sans
flinch,
after
whom
q.v.
the
Possibly
Teutons
whence
ring (Rob.).
mark
or
allied
to
ail,
of
tree
root
"^al-nio-,
or
hole
of
the
faillean,
ear,
al, nourish
W.
Borrowing
possible
in
gwall,
from
the
Br.
; root
Lat.
val
of
Ir.
faill,
feall,
q.v.
160
ETYMOLOGICAL
be
vulan,
H.
G.
^^
28).
(Zeit.
heat
walm,
Lat.
from
Borrowing
Valetiacus.
view
0.
hot,
DICTIONARY.
Rhys
gwell
Csesar's
Zimmer's
be
to
seems
W.
suggests
Of.
(Bez.).
valete
Hend.,
Eng.
wealth.
fa
"Thoir
fainear
fixed fa
d' aire
observe, consider.
=fa-deara, with n from
referred
usually
Ir.
ring,
Br,
giiennol,
It.
lapwing,
vanneau,
Ir.
swallow,
Cor.
gwennol,
The
to
Lat.
vannus,
fdinne,
dinne,
0.
Ir.
be
may
their.
an,
Med.
Lat.
fan.
*vat-n-allo-s
Ir. dnne,
Fr.
Cf.
vannellus,
W.
fannall,
*vannello-.
gwenneli,
vannello,
plural
0.
"observe."
above
the
dinleog,
fe ndedr, f6
d^ aire
fa
"
ainleag,
fainleag,
dedra, remark,
tabhair
ndeara
fainne,
Ir.
consideration,
fainear, under
which
is
(Holden).
"^dnnid
Lat,
anus,
annular.
Eng,
fair, fair, far, fetch, bring
thabkair
curtailed
Cf.
{tha)bhair ?
or
E.
fair,dawn,
Ir.
fdir,
W.
Br.
spring (Stokes).
fair, faire, ridge, sky-line ;
vasard,
fair,
from
tabhair
through
morning, gwereleuen,
gouere-,
Skr.
summer,
(adj.),Lat.
morning
of
thoir.
gwawr,
^vdsri-, Lit.
morning-star,
early shining,
form
spring,
ver,
dawn
vdsard,
Gr.
eap,
Cf., however,
Ir.
below.
covered
sometimes
by the sea (M'A., who
fairc, links, lands
hole
from
it
in Islay
that
means
") ;
Eng. park ?
(M'D.), a mallet, Ir. far cha, farcha, farca,
fairce, fairche
says
"
farca,
E.
Ir.
forcha
tened, thunderbolt
ark
; root
as
M.
Ir.
in adharc
root
eel,cover.
faircill,a cask or pot lid, E. Ir. farcle : "^vor-cel-,
faire, watching, Ir., E. Ir. /az-Ve; see aire.
gland, Ir. fdiredg (Fob, O'R.) ; cf. W.
faireag, a gland, swollen
chwaren,
gland, blotch, root sver, hurt, Ger. schwer, difficult.
W.
The
precludes comparison with Lat. varus, pimple, varlx,
dilated
fairge,
the
the
vein, Eng.
varicose.
Ir.
fairrge,
ocean,
Irish
Atlantic
the
/a^V(/^ means
as
W.
ii fairce.
; from
0.
the
"ocean
Mor
Ir.
same
root
in
storm."
the
Werydd,
as
fearg.
In
land
Suther-
Usually pronounced
Atlantic.
light.
leics,
"
to
Ir.
seirm.
See
foirm
fair sing, W.
un-narrow,"
root
ang,
eang
narrow
"^ex-ang, ehang),
(Stokes
for
W.)
OP
GAELIC
THE
161
LANGUAGE.
0.
vdhate,
press
Br.
guescim,
Eng.
Br.
; further
Lat.
W.
givasgu,
*uakshd
goascaff, stringere,
wedge
tel,tol, bear
; 8kr.
*fo-ad-sech
vejco.
(Asc).
faisne, a pimple, weal (H.S.D., Dial.) :
faisneachd, faistine, prophecy, omen,
0. Ir.
irom
fditsine
; for
fdit/i,with
fditk-sin
',
Ir.
where
tiie termination
fdkdineachd,
is
deaspirated before
Zeuss^
777.
(sti/ie/)
tk
-sine
Ir.
ais7ieis,vb.
ir. faisneis,
innis.
see
M.
^as-in-feid-,infiadim^
ais?iedlm, narrate,
fdisdine,
faite, a
0.
Ir. faitbim,
laugh,
stebius,astonish,
; Lit
fuaigh.
Ir. fdl,
Pictisli
rampart,
ivall.
further
See
hedge, fold,
jdhel^
0.
Ir.
*vdlo-
murus,
fdl,
W.
saepes,
; Lat.
vallum,
under
/'a^/,stye.
Eng.
Lat.
faayl, W. pdl, Cor. pal ; from
fal, a spade, peat spade, Manx
Also
pdla.
"scytlie" (Wli.).
fdlacJl,a hiding, covering, Ir.,E. Ir. folach, W., Br. golo, *vo-lug6^
liuyan, tell a lie,Eng. lie (Stokes).
*lug6, hide, lie ; Got.
Ernault
it to tlie root
refers
legk, logh, lie,as in G. laighe :
"
under-lie,"
in
causative
sense.
Ir.
See
fala.
fdillig,Jeall
for
root,
"
founded
sense
Eng.
on
of
leaning
"
brood-mare"
upon
from
fo
The
Ir.
and
for
alaire
form
(M'Dougall's
dl, brood,
falaisg",heath-burning,
slightly;
palfr^"y.
Folk
meaning.
folosg (do.),E.
Ir.
and
exists,
Hero
falaradk,
Ir.
in
the
Tales),
to
foloiscim,
amble,
I
loisg,q.v.
39
burn
162
etyMologfcal
falamh, empty,
cf.
0.
riv^es
W.
Br.
to
G.
from
makes
the
M.
folanih,
M
guollung,
the
folamh
Ir.
dictionary.
Br.
but
lom, bare,
derivation
this
of Lat.
root
Ir.
modern
the
doubtful.
of
aspiration
Ernault
refers
the
langueo.
0.
wallow,
in
Ir
would
later
the
Hennessey
fulaniain, volubilis,allied
dialects.
referred
fahiiaigim, empty,
falbhair,
the
the
the
suit
The
is made
verb
G.
the
falbk
Jalamh^
to
volvo, Eng.
it does
phonetics best,
quit (Zim.).
live stock, a follower
foal, Eng. follower.
of
young
Sc. follower,
Lat.
to
but
not
hom.
calf
or
falbhan.
Ir.
Cf.
E.
foal
; from
empty.
as
appear
Norse
falcag",common
auk, falc (Heb.) ; from
dlka, Eng. auk.
fallaid, dry meal put on cakes
fallain, healthy, Ir. ftlldm, E. Iv. folldn ; for fo + sldn, q.v.
fallsa, false (M'D.), Ir., M. Ir. fallsa ; from the Lat. falsus.
:
pallium.
of
sort
0.
fallus, sweat,
Ir.
falmadair,
Norse
pludingis
iorva
(Hend.).
0.
f alius, alius,
tiller
Latinised
Lat.
seethe, yeast, W.
jas,
leaven
; Eng. yeast, zeal
the
fallaing,
palla, mantle,
ffaling ; from
M..^. f aiding,
M.
pallion,
Yiwg.pallioun.
Fr.
cloth
coarse
Iv.
lijdlm, helm.
alias
^jasl, root
goi'll(
Br.
pervades,
what
^eco,boil.
worker," from
jas, jes,
vo-jes-l),
; Gr.
helm-
"
Ir,
See
falm,
from
helm,
fail m.
"
Lit.
thread.
Gr.
waltis, yarn,
Same
Aao-tos.
root
olann,
as
faltan, a tendon,
famhair, a giant,
a
"
to
snood
Ir.
Fomorian,
a
"
sub-magnus
the
Rhys
mor
from
the
(dtan, from
root
of
Stokes
of
the
refers
famhsgal,
is
rarely so
-morach,
"
the
mui}
marked)
fannsgal, hurry,
-mor,
sea.
The
6 of
(for it
fomor, fomorack,
; *fo-m6r,
Ireland
of
mare
interprets
Ir.
E.
invaders
of
mythic race
(Zimmer).
as
alt.
pirate, giant,
fmihor,
origin
same
; for
is
confusion
against
these
(Arg.) :
mor,
last
nightmare.
taking
if it is
two
long
ations
deriv-
OF
fath,
famh-thalmhainn,
Br. goz ; M.
stay, Ir. fanaim,
fan,
anail
anam,
an
0.
Ir. anaim
gabhail anail
remain, Lat.
men,
=
change
yet proved
fanaid, mockery, Ir. foiwmhad,
which
connected
have
Fannan-fedir,
weak
Ir.
suggests
phonetic
delay.
\\i\ho\it
*vo-nom-anto-,
O'R.),Ir.,fanaigse (O'R.) :
Lat.
Cor.
gwan,
debilis,
guan,
; Got.
affliction,
wunns,
arrj, infatuation, etc.
and
with Eng. ivant.
; Gr
vanus
(M'D.).
hook
piece, Ir.
knob,
Ir.
odb,
oddf,
to
Liden
equates, Lat.
Gr.
be
"
allied
The
it with
feathered
bu).
Stokes
now
ojfa,a ball.
ocrcfiV'^.
0.
I
exuvias
fadhbhaim,
: "^vodvo-,
despoil, Ir.fodb,
thrust
Skr.
(jlr.
w^eoo,
vedh, slay,
vadk, slay ;
push.
;
\y.
I. E.
from
fonomat
in
namhad.
see
breeze
Stokes
faobh, booty,
as
pansy
obex,
/xej/w,
di-anod
,
E.
Gr.
W.
(H.S.D. quoting
violet
fanaigse, dog
from
for
take,
nemfi,
Stokes
rest.
maneo,
for Gaelic.
breathe, exist,
an,
taking
Corn.
gimdd,
ath-thalmhain.
Dialectic
; root
"
not
root
(Lh.),W.
talpa.
wont,
"
riin, root
mole, fadhbh
Eng.
god,
163
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
root
may
be
vedh, pledge,
Gr.
aeOXov,
war
prize,Eng.
luager.
cuttle-fish
E.
Ir.,
*vaibro-s, Lat.
(Heb.).
Ir.
lance.
a
(Stokes). Cf. farther W. gwaew,
pi. gweywyr,
Ir.
Ir.
M.
faoch, faochag, a periwinkle,
faechog ; cf. W.
faochog,
gwichiad.
faoch, curve
(Carm.) :
crisis in sickness, relief ; see
faochadh, a favourable
faothaich.
faochnadh
inf.
entreat
faochainn,
(M'A., Arg.) :
earnestly,strive,
:
faochaire, knave
(Carm.)
I can,
E.
Ir. feadaim,
Ir. fetaim, can,
faod, feud, may,
setar,
seitir,potest, *svent6 ; Got. swmjys, strong, Ag. S. swi:^ (do.),
Norse, svinnr, clever, Ger. geschwind, swift (Stokes).
or
faodail, goods found
lost, waif :
by chance
foundling," E. Ir.
wag
"
etaim,
faodhail, a
in
a
the
sand
place
where
retaining
straits
tide
can
water
be
from
crossed,
eudail.
at
N.
Shet.
low
water,
vatSill,a
hollow
shallow,
vaadle, Eng. wade.
164
ETYMOLOGTCAl.
DICTIONARY
Ir.
O.
guidlie^ beg,
mendicatio,
foigde,
faoilte, welcome,
faoileag", faoileann,
Br.
the
month
of
concha,
Fr.
goeland
month
Carnival.
from
rejoicing ;
tAa/)o",gayl
0.
from
Gr.
t faol, faolchu,
Ir.
feill.
wild
of
(do.),
"Carnival"
is
referred
Usually
February
in
Ir.
0.
Ir.
to
m^
faen,
Lat.
weak
unhusked
nut,
"?
aesculus
desc,
Cf.
(Stokes).
W.
husk,
Ir.
:
fo
fdisitiu,
and
"^vo-
seasamh,
wolf,
Ir.,
so
E.
Ir.
fdel, fael-chu,
Arm.
"
W.
gweilgi, the
gail.
the
beach,"
vad'linn.
falling (Lewis) ;
excitement,
or
aomadh.
wandering,
air-ind-reth-); G.
For
q.v.
ind,
faotainn, getting,
Lat.
after
recovery
upon,
far
an
from
rel.,not
far
far, with,
freight
;
airndretkach,
root
ret, run,
errantia
of
ruith,
receive,
Iv.
root
grasp,
em,
hold,
"^vo-em-tin-.
with
with
fair.
from
fever,
crisis, alleviation
rium,
:
see
Ir.
fo-ind-reth-,
foemaim,
(amj, where,
/or.
is for
relieved
be
a
of,"
company
Ir.
is for
relieve,
0.
exposure,
ioiin-.
see
E.
G.
emo.
faothaich,
far,
middle
submit.
i'"^io-Tr;/xt,
faondradh,
=
For
faoiUidh
idea
faoilidh.
filbert,
the
Ir.
The
Gi.
classendix,
aesc,
Cf.
from
W.
foilenn^
Eng. gull.
0.
Ir. faoisidin,
faoisid, faosaid, confession,
sestamtion(Stokes), furoissestar, confessus
("
Ir.
and
extending
February,
of
sea
and
fo
wail.
middle
q.v.
from
Ir.
Brig/ide.
Feile
na
faoiledn,
"wolf-month."
wolf:
faol^
Ir.
Eng.
faoilleach (do.),holidays,
Gr.
*vil,
whence
or
"^fo-guide ;
Root,
sea-gull,
compares
to
to
delight.
gwelan,
Stokes
January
etc., M.
corn,
Ir.
allied
blithe, *vdleti-s,
root,
q.v.
givylan,
hunting
me,
gen.).
far aim,
Ir.
Ir.
See
'^fo-thdmh
mar
n-,
where
and
faothamh,
1
; from
bhfarradh,
farradh
Ir.
etc.,
mar
faraighim, farthadh
with
and
mar
(lit.
"
in
ri.
ov
faradh,
OF
GAELIC
THE
far-, over
/ar, upon,
; see
far-cluais,listening ;
farachan,
death
beetle:
farachan,
air
nick-name
(b). Far-ainm,
etc.
watch
Iv
hammer,
and
16
LANGUAGE.
fairche,
The
(also Gaelic, Wh.).
hammer
from
"hammerer";
be overlooked.
not
faire must
being
faradh, a roost, Ir. faradh (do.),E. Ir. forud, a bench, seat, shelf :
Of.
W.
^for-sud, root, sed, seat, as in suidke, q.v.
gor-sedd,a
E
Ir. forad, platform, *ver-podo-.
seat.
possibilityof its
from
faraire
in
as
fairce.
see
health
Lat.
; from
far
Gr.
amb-ulare,
for
or
and
kXddv.
-ell-,
-eln-,
further
See
seeforair.
faraire,lykewake
fardsda, easy,
gentle, [r. farasda, forasda, solid, reasonable,
"staid"
is confused
:
"^for-asda;for ai^da,see fasdad/i. Farasda
:
with
furasda,
q.v.
farbhas, noise :
fardach, a mansion, hearth,
fardadh,
home
; cf. dachaidh.
bark
for
lintel ; from
doru^.
for, far and
farfonadh, a warning (H.S.D.) ; see root in fathunn
fargradh, a report : *vor-gar, root gar as in goir.
farlus, chimney or roof-light,E. Ir. forles ; from for
*vor-svon.
and
leus,q.v.
Cf. arias.
farmachan,
farmad,
for
envy,
sand
lark
Ir.
formad,
0.
Ir.
format
i^ver-mento-,Stokes),
mento-
mind.
(H.S.D., Dial.):
See
"^for-mad, the
root
raen,
Lat.
mad
me.ns,
dear mad.
farradh,
Ir.
fharrad, near,
ar-sod-, by-seat,"root sod, sed, sit,as
compound, prep, a bhfarradh ; and
farrad,
"
comes
the
being
Eng.
G.
mar
ri, q.v.
0. Ir. in arrad
in
from
suidhe.
the
L.),
',
from
Hence
same
Ir.
Ir.
source
166
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
farradh,
litter
farragan,
boat
ask, inquire
farral, farran,
dh
vers,
Hence
peeling,
Ir.
fo-gar-t,
suggests
a,
root
q.
great,
to
seems
Ir.
fuvranadt^
Ir.
stout,
farrdnta
"superiority ;"
mean
v.
; M.
forrdn,
anger,
E.
destruction,
The
rind
inner
which
farrdii, vexation,
far rant
G.
vnfedrr^
as
vors^
(Perth),
forrdn,
farrach.
Also
(O'B.).
Ir.
hardened.
iarr.
force,
M.
destructive.
Cf.
anger,
oppression,
farrusg",
faghairt
speak
root, gar,
root
farraid,
in
and
for
rhsg^
q.v.
farruinn,
; from
pinnacle
and
far
rinn.
wide
farum,
Tr.
noise,
fothrum,
tumultuous
noise
suggests
fo-thrond,
either
E.
; iov
(Hend.)
from
fo-thoinn,
augeo,
refer
fds
Gr.
to
roots
Lat.
desert
Ger.
*vdsto-s,
from
the
Ir. fds,
a
aux,
0.
fastaim,
sed,
fasan,
is neuter,
see
"^ex-sod-ijo.
"
stand,
it
It
sto
sub-umbra
the
Ir.
";
fosgadh,
sgdth,
see
or
-asda
0.
of
Ir.
M'A.
of
pref.
grain
VIII.
foisteadh.
fast,
astaim,
vb.
"staid,"
seems
fasgaag,
off
as^nag",
purge.
(Carm.)
foscad,
ambra
^fo-scdth,
shade.
cleansing
faspan, difficulty,embarrassment
fath, a mole ; see famh.
vista
vastare
vastus,
refuse
(cf. tairis).
shelter,
fasgaidh, a picking
fasynadh ^
fasgnadh, winnowing,
fath,
/"is,fdas,
moratur,
(Thur.). W.
possible to refer
is
Lat.
Ir.
asair.
see
suidhe
of
Trarco/xat,
Eng.
Ir. asstai,
sod
Strachan
Gr.
fdsacli,0.
fasgadh,
in
increase,
aug,
and
; Lat.
waste
Hence
ivihtf".
sta,
allied
pastiim.
pasco,
desert,
fdsacli, desert,
fashion
root
fasach,
waste,
"waste."
dsaim, fdsaim,
stem
fdsich,
Eng.
from
Stokes
are
Stokes
waste,
vanus,
Ir.
feed, food.
eat, Eng.
fas, empty,
0.
fdsaim,
Lat.
root,
godornn,
toirin.
from
The
torann.
W.
fothrond,
fothrom,
case
Ir.
fas, grow,
fasan,
Ir.
of
See
vermin
corn-fan,
Ir.
faisg,
fasgnaim,
Ot'
fath, a
cause,
The
Ir,
reason,
107
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
fatli,fdth,E. \r.fdth, :
"^'vdt-u- ; root
vdt
as
"^
root
fo-ted-niess-^
awe,
of meas,
tomhas,
warning
fothamas
also
etc.
trinkti,wash,
bathe
(Bez.).
Ix.
"
(Thur., Zeit.^^
superiority,feib, distinction, '^vi"Acs,
g. vesv-ids
in Jiu,
Stokes
or
as
149, and Brug.), from vesuvesv-,
q.v.
Lat. vigeo, Eng. vigour (Bez. Beit.^'' 75).
doubtfully compares
host, expedition, Ii\ fear hd, an expedition,E. Ir.
This
gwaith, action, work.
fecht {ar fecht 7 sluagad), W.
Zimmer
refers to 0. Ir. fichim, I tight (Lat.vinco. Got. veihan,
feachd,
an
army,
Zimmer
roots, but
does.
The
words
seem,
as
Stokes
has
it,from
mixed.
two
Osthofl:"
they are
indistinguishably
allied
to Lat.
as
vices; aeejiach.
regards yeac/i^,time,
fead, a whistle, Ir. fead, M. Ir. fet-,fetdn, a flute,a whistle, W.
chwythell, a whistle, chivyth, a blast, breath, *sviddo-, "^avtzdo-,
See
further
under
seid.
Lat. sibilus, Eng. sibilant.
now
shoulder-yoke.
so
Ir. ;
see
eadh.
wed,
Lat.
vas,
vadis, surety,
Skr.
vi-vad/id.,
168
ETYMOLOGICAL
fealan
DICTIONARY
feallan), itch,
(M'A.
hives
; it
also
takes
(see
worm
disease, fiolun
Stokes
"
"
means
saith, anthrax,
from
L.
Lat.
fello,
ae.
W.
feall,treachery, Ir. feaU, E. Ir, fell {"^velno-),
gwall, defect, Br.
Br. gwall (do.),
root
vel,
goall (do.),Cor. gal, malus, malum,
; Lit.
cheat
Norse
vel,
Stokes
hesitates
between
the
Lett,
wile
above
and
deceitful
wildt,
; Zend
vd
vareta,
error.
u{p)el, Got.
from
evil.
ubils, Eng.
Ir.
feamach,
feamainn,
from
the
gives
root
vemmdni-
as
in
as
veg,
tail, Ir.
stem
W.
Fr.
gwymon,
in
{vembani- ?),which
vein
feith,
suggests
feur.
M.
Ir.
feam,
*engvo-,
G.
in feaman,
feam, tail,as
*vegvo-,
also
philosophus.
gross,
goemon,
Stokes
feaman,
Lat.
from
felsicb;
Manx
mentula,
feam,
famman
inguen, groin.
eaman,
feann, flay :
cold ; see
The
fionnadh.
feannadh, skinning, excessive
"cold"
E. \v. fennaim,
I skin, is
is metaphorical.
Stokes
the
of Eng. wound
to
root
: he
gives the
by
Lat.
idea
of
referred
stem
as
*venvo-.
hooded
feannag,
root
feannog, fionnog
piled crow" 1
lazy-bed ; older fennoc,
feannag, a
fear, a man,
Ir.
/ear,
^viro-s
gour,
gwr
mi"
Ir.
crow,
fionna, pile,for
cf.
"
Ag.
Ir.
(Khys
fer,
W.
thinks
from
0.
gwr,
VV. gur,
Celtic
the
feoMn, flay.
start
Corn,
was
Br.
gur,
cf
:
ver
W.
.
and
super,
S. ivei\
ver,
0.
trench
Norse
0.
eadh,
G.
Eng.
I'err,
Ir. ec/
Lat.
werwolf
id, etc.):Lat.
Lit.
; Skr.
wyras
vira.
fearann, land,
root
Ir., E.
so
enclose,
vera,
enclose
cover,
claudere
fearg, wrath,
root
op-yr]\
look
E.
Ir.
ftrg,
swell,
vergo,
Skr.
ferenn,
varand,
Lat.
Ir.,
also
fevand,
after
Gr.
further
so
Ir.
be
Ir.
0.
puffed
girdle, garter,
well, dam, vrnoti,
a
Ch.
SI.
vreti,
Hence
Gr.
feargnadh,
provocation,
fearna,
alder
Corn,
gwernen,
Gaul,
figs (IBez.).
fearr, better, Ir. fedrr,
in
-is from
the
0.
prep,
fearnog,
verno-,
Ir.
ver
Fr.
E.
Ir.
verne,
fern, fernog, W.
*verno-
; Gr.
gwern.
epvia,
wild
OF
parative
Lat.
for
Celtic
of
evidently
(cf.-no-
supernus
-ro-
but
math,
of
and
in major,
disappearing
/err to vers,
steep place. Lit.
refers
Stokes
mo).
G.
iov
once
magnns
in
mdros
169
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
top ; Lat.
verruca,
Cf.
wirzm,
top, Skr. varshma,n-, height, vdrshtyas, higher.
best
W. goreu,
( Lat. supremus).
Ir
fearrsaid, M. Ir. fersaid, '^'versatti- "^verttati-,
fe^rsaid, a spindle,
W.
gwerthyd, Cor. giirthit, 0. Br. guirtilon, fusis, M. Br.
iverden,to be,
guerzit, root ^wY, turn
vtrto, vortex
; Ger.
; Lat.
raise, ^uersos-, height,
Eng.
fearsaideag,
thrift
sand-bank,
Fersit,
feart.
and
passage
Ireland
across
Ger.
notice
; Br.
extension
root
see
feart.
attend,
to
gortos,
obs.
from
; for
from
warten,
An
fearsad, estuary,
ebb-tide, whence
place-name
at
Belfast
in
attention,
ball.
gilly-flower;
sea
or
vdrtate,
Skr.
M.H.G.
worth, be,
ware,
Lat.
root
vert,
vort
varfSa, ward.
Nor.
etc.
vereor,
Ir.
feart, a
enclose,
cover,
which
Cf.
fearann.
under
see
Ir.
vrti.
Skr.
enclosure, hedge,
fearthuinn, rain,
drizzle, Ag.
ur,
rain
See
rain.
Ir.
E.
fearthuinn,
give, ^verao,
I pour,
Norse
vara,
Ir.
ferthain,
inf.
feraim,
(do.) :
to
Lat.
S.
doirt.
metathesis
feasgar, evening,
*uksero-
for
Ir.
See
.s\
0.
feascar,
Lat.
*usqero- ;
feathachan, slight
fathast.
fescor, ^vesqero-,
Ir.
; Gr.
vesper
W.
ucher,
ea-Trepo^.
feothachan.
;
f6ile,generosity, hospitality,Ir.feile,E. Ir. fele ; from fial,q.v.
Norse
fhele ; from
tf^ile,charm, incantation, E. Ir. el^, hele, mo
Ir.
0.
to
eel,
heill, auspice, omen,
Eng. hale, etc. ; allied
'^-^
coil (Zim., Zeit.
W.
0.
147).
W.
coel, omen,
augurium,
For
G.
Zimmer's
see
derivation
see
Inv.
Gaelic
from
Ir. amor,
as
weep,
Ger.
heulen, howl.
wail,
=:
feile,
breeze
N.
Ir., 0.
cfs. W.
Ir.
f6ile,f^ileadh, a kilt, E.
Lat.
he might clothe
us
; from
veil.
In Islay, .Jura, etc., it
velum,
an
compares
wylo,
G.
ceol
eli,oil,ointment.
fial, velum
is
regards
W.
and
afar, J2frief,
W.
Stokes
243.
failure,and
music
Rhys
7V.^^
iSoc.
0.
Ir.
ronfeladar,
t-sibhleadh.
McL.
and
20
D.
17')
DICTIONARY.
KTYMOJ.OGICAL
also
in Fled.
a
ftiill,
68.
Br.
sveil
Root
Lat.
(questionsif
in
as
Lat.
vigilia,
Ir.
Fr.
uanfehli
See
1
fill,spaoil, etc.
Jeil, festival,holiday, 0.
goel, ^veg/i- ;
Br.
festnm,
Heiid.
eibhlearlh.
gives
giv^l,
/eil,W.
veille,a
watch,
The
Celtic
words
borrowed
from
are
vigil,Eng. vigil,wake.
Lat.
(Windisch, Stokes). Hence
Jeillire,an almanack.
"self
0
Ir.
/ein, "^sve-j-.sm,
there," *sve-j,*sve, Pruss.
fein, self,Ir.,
sivais, Ch.
fein
due
explanatioT.is
"
sit
be-shin, "quod
as
self, selves"
divers
fe'siiie{
*veinnd,
Lat.
Ir.
the
which
he
word
fian,
Skr.
venari, hunt;
takes
the
E.
the
Zeuss
os.
verb
being
forms
of the
explains
Ir. word
0.
Ir.
E.
Irish
(Eng.
enemy
themselves
called
an
troops
fiann,
strive
jiend),
after
Norsemen.
"^veto,root
; Lat.
vH
M.
from
feusd,
Ir.
fethim,
iui.
fethem
G.
feitheamh),
; Gr.
eVo?, year
veteran
bend
;
torta
res
Zimmer
desire.
move,
go,
for
hoc), /^esin,Jadesin
id
fjdndi,
This
be.
to
Feinne, Fiann,
vcnati,
Norse
from
supposes
Ir.
e,
the
be-."iin-c\ sit
(= had-e-sin),/oden, etc.
F^inn, g. Feinne, the Fingalians,
also
Gr.
be
hoc,"
the
to
se
suus,
; Lat.
vine
; Gr.
7mthe
Eng.
; Skr.
vayati,
W.
"^vittd,vein,
flecto.
weave,
The
W.
tVea
Ch.
shows
vei, vi,
(long i),
SI.
a
viti,
stem
Br.
Cor.
guid- ; cf. Lat.
gwazen,
(Ir. feth, a marsh,
bog channel
gwythen,
feith, a
feithleag, honeysuckle, M. Ir. feithlend,
bog-stream), and
W.
woodbine,
gwyddfld (do.).
bird
beast
of prey
or
feitheid, a
(M'A.), Ir. feithide, a beast :
(Arm., H.S.D.), Ir. feockadan
feochadan, corn-thistle, thistle
Ci. fohhannan.
(O'li.),
fedthcK/dn (O'B.),smd fed than.
feocullan, the pole-cat,1y. feochullan (FoL, O'R. \i2^,'"
feocidlan like
Sh.). Cf. Sc. fethoh, jithoive,pole-cat, M. Eng. Hcheu, now
vitta,
fillet.
Hence
fitchew.
feobiiaran,
pith,puf!"(feo'ran)
"
Dial.
feodhaich,
decay,
"
"
senesco
Ir.
feugud,
vapd,
Ir.
W.
givyiv,
fenil,
E.
vet,
Lat.
Ir.
as
vielus
feoil,
form
; from
M.
feodhaim,
*vetu-, root
fe6il, flesh,
Ir.
feodharan,
in
the
Ir.
Eng. pewter.
feodaigim, wither
Lat.
vetus,
G.
feith ?
0.
; '^vivagatu?
0.
Tr.
Skr.
fenil, '''vepoli-s;
OP
17 1
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
feoirlig",
a
farthing land, fedirling';
S.
Ag.
from
feorjyling^Eng.
farthing.
; Lat.
*vakC).,
say
G.
of
modern
and
prothetic /'is
feorlan,
tirlot
Ir. has
shifted
Skr.
behind
to
The
say.
vac,
t\ while
the
feoirli ig.
feothan
feothachan,
voice
added.
hqq
call, vox.,
voco^
(Arran),
little
breeze
; root
vet,
as
in
onfhadh.
feuch, fiach, behold, see, try, Ir. feuch. feadi, Vj. Ir. fcckaiin,
image
(Eng. iconoclnstic).,
fegai'm, *veiko ; (xr. ei/"oSv,
eo/jca,
I seem,
arrive.
etKa^w, conjecture ; Skr. vig, appear,
can
feud, may,
faod.
; see
usual
feudail, cattle ;
spelling of ewlail, q.v.
M.
Ir. is eidir, it is possible,
feudar, 's fheudar, it is necessary,
for
is possible. Feudar
ed fhetir, it is what
is the pres.
IS
In
of feud, may.
G. the
must."
may" has become
pass,
in E. Ir. as
The
ni fhetir,
negative, cha 'n fheudar, is connnon
"
?ii
faum,
service
of
;"
steward
a
vassal,
root
ved,
root
ivain
Iv.
in
need,
duty,
use,
need-
feidm,
"
feumannach,
Hence
feadhainn.
Ir. fen, W.
Skr.
feur,
and
wet, moist,
Norse
moist
; but
would
vebro-,which
feursa, a canker, feursann,
Ir.
o;)(05, chariot
Cor.
gwair,
refer
Lat.
S.
quicken,
nasci, Eng.
vegeo,
ivacan,
the
it to
"^vegro-,
gwyr,
root
veg,
ug,
be
Gr.
not
carry.
W.
be
Stokes
; Gr.
uvidus,
be
hair, *vanso,
vehicle
strong
vegetation ; Ag.
Eng.
Strachan
Lat.
vahati,
Iv.fer,
0.
increase,
veg,
vokr,
Ir.
veho, vehiculum,
; Lat.
vigor, vigour,
ivaken.
E.
as
0.
wain,
carry
pi.feldkmeanna,
servitor."
"a
Eng. waggon,
feur, liar,grass,
I.E.
f"4dkm,
waggon,
vegh,
Ir.
need,
service
feun,
l)e.
etir,cannot
use,
"
give
worm
AV.
in
wet,
vypos,
Celtic
should
givair.
tlie hide
feusdg, feasdg,
first
Pruss., wauso,
E.
of
cattle
Ir.
beard.
E.
Ir. feiss ;
172
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
root
Prellwitz).
Lat.
see,
; Gr.
ver
The
root
vereor,
is
vices, change,
fiadh,
Br.
givydd,
a
guez,
Ir.
This
Ir.
goez,
right
febris.
E.
an
Ir.
Ir.
for
fee
fee, a
Skr.
land
weide, pasture.
wild,
uncultivated.
fiadach,
venatio,
; O.
G.
H.
fiadhaich,
W.
weide,
further
;
wild.
; from
Also
vishti, changing,
vei"r, hunting
Hence
Lat.
derivation.
Ir.
Norse
wood.
(Skye)
Ger.
jiach, *veico-,
"^veido-s,wild
savage,
Eng.
0.
fiad,
weide, pasturage,
fiodh, wood,
is
0.
fiack,
is the
E.
faJh,
Ger.
hunt,
is G.
Ir.
Lat.
; from
There
ivechsel,exchange,
(Osthoff).
deer,
Ger.
Gr.
in
(Strachan,
6pd(o,I
evprjKa
found
ware.
*veikkd
stem
found,
likely that
(vpov,
ver
Eng.
0.
above
the
of fiadh.
root
fiadhain, wild,
G.
Ir.
Cf.
fiadhdin,
Bez. suggests
Ir. fial, E. Ir. fial, modest, W. gwyl.
fial,generous,
Cf. Ir. fialus,
Teutonic
'''veiplo-,
viba-, Ger. weib, Eng. wife.
ship."
kindness, relationrelationship. The
underlying idea is
"
fiamh,
awe,
E.
Ir.
fiamh,
Ir.flamh, fear,
reverence,
horrible
Jiam,
aspect,
trace,
appearance,
(O'Cl.) =lorg,
fiamh
wind,
in
as
feith.
slight smile,
smile,
E.
Ir.
is
in
ugly, horrible,
reverence,
E.
Ir.
Fiamh
Ir.
Ir.
fiam,
chain, *veimo-,
gh^ire, f^ath
fdetheadh
an
ghaire
chain,
root
vei,
(Arg.), a
ghdire, appearace
of
feth, aspect.
fianaidh, peat
(Ross) ; see feun.
; cam-fianaidh
the
Feinn.
This
is the real nom.
case.
Fiann,
Fingalians ; see
word.
fiantag, the black heath-berry ; root vein as in the above
fianuis, witness, a witness, Ir. Jiadhnuise,fiadhan, a witness, 0. Ir.
fiadnisse, testimony, fiadn, ace. fiadain, testem, *veid6n-, I. E.
root
veid, vid, know, see, as in fios, q.v. ; Ag. S. witta, a
cart
vei, wind
fiat,fiata, wild
so
in
Ir.
fiatach, quiet
fiathail, calm
and
;
sly (Skye)
see
gwyr,
Br.
gear, gwar,
S. wir, wire.
as
a
know.
fe.
Also
*veiro-;
fiadhta,
THE
OF
fich, an
Cha
("
fuidh
bhi
ach
!"
173
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
leans
which
far
on
/)/, Ger.
Norse
fiii,
bi f^ile
am
Ir.
0.
").
fiche, g. fichet, W.
fichead, twenty,
fiche, ar fhichid,
Cor.
Br. ugent, "^mkns, *vikntos
ugeint^ ugain,
;
ugans,
ugens,
Lat, viginti; Gr. clkoo-l
Zend
vi^aiti.
;
fideadh, a suggestion (H.S.D.) : "^vid-dho-,root vid, wit.
fead.
fideag, a small
pipe, reed, flute, Ir. fidedg ; for root, see
worm."
M'L.
has
small
Shaw
also
the
gives
meaning
fideag^.
islet or
at
fidean, a green
high tide, web of seaspit uncovered
Ir.
"
(Isles)
;
clam
meadow
land
the
from
the
on
N.
banks
Jit,
webbed
firths
of
foot
of
waterfowl,
rivers,fitja, to
or
web,
Eng.j^^.
f idhleir,
fiddler
directly borrowed.
fiddling about.
fidir,know, consider,
from
fiodhull.
G.
Hence
Ir.
"
"
*mddefor,
vid,
1y.
fidir, knows,
"^vid-dho-
0.
as
\y.
in
in
fetar, acio,Jitir,novit,
creid,
Windisch) ; root
explains it as ^videsar
flos.
Thurneysen
vides-) becoming vid-skar,
as
see,
(the
-dho-
d-sk
but
(aorist
before
it.
an
n
produce t or d without
fige,figis,a fig,Ir. fige ; from Lat. ficus, Eng. Jig.
Ir. Jighim, E. Ir.Jigim, 0. W.
gueig, testrix,
figh, weave,
stem
to
wecca
M.
W.
not
given,
Br.
gweajf, *vegid\
guiat, tela,
gwea,
wick, Ag. S.
wick,
wieche,
Eng.
wickein, roll, wind, curl,
to the
root
vei, vi, wind.
(Stokes). Usually referred
Cor.
weave.
Ger.
Br.
does
file,filidh, a
(Tacitus).
fill,fold,
af-valvjan,
(Stokes).
to
Norse
waltz.
roll away,
Windisch
Eng.
wallow.
Cf.
valtjan, Eng.
W.
vald
olwyn,
as
welter, Ger.
; Lat.
; Got.
wheel
root, allied
walze, roll,
especiallytill.
"
roll
fillein,a coUop : a
Jill.
; from
fine, a tribe, kindred, Ir., 0. Ir.,Jine, 0. Br. coguenou,
indigena,
Norse
S.
*venjd, kinship ;
vinr, a friend, Ag.
ivine,0. H. G.
wmi
Venus, veneror,
(do.); I. E. root ven, love, Lat.
Eng.
"
venerate,
Skr.
van,
love
f inealta,
M.
Ir.).
174
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
tales
when
written.
finideach, wise,
authority) :
Ir.
so
(Arm., M'A.,
fionn (^vindid).
finne,
maiden
linnean,
buzzard
veikmi,
C.
gives
S.
"fairness, beauty";
as
from
Iy.
tfioch, wrath,
M'M)
which
E.
fboch,
0.
strive,
H.
G.
fight
vngan,
*veiqo-,fight ;
; Lat.
vinco.
Got.
Hence
fiochdha, angry.
fiodh, wood, so Ir., 0. li\ fid, W. guid, gwydd, gwydde,n (sing.),
Corn,
gulden, Br. giuezenii, tree, gwez, trees, Gaul, vidu-, "^vidu-;
Hence
ffiodhcheall,
Eng. ivoo'l,Ag. S. ivudiL, 0. H. G. witu.
E.
\y.
Yf
chess
fidchell,
gwyddbivyU,, "wood-sense," from
play,
Also
fiodha{2^,wild fig,fiodhan, cheese-vat.
fiodli and ciall.
rush
forward
(Heb ) :
fiodhradh, an impetuous
E.
Ir.
Low
Lat.
Fr.
fidil,from
vitula, whence
fiodhull, a fiddle,
violin.
Cf.
from
Med.
Lat.
Eng. fiddle,
viola, Eng. viol,
Lat.
fidis.
fidula,
fioghuir, a figure, Ir. fiogliair, M. Ir. figur ; from Lat. ftgura.
(Arran) :
fiolagan, a field-mouse
.
fiolan, fiolar,
Cf.
clioml
Br.
maggot,
nesscock,
earwig,
an
Gr.
W.
(TiXcf^y),
cockroach,
Eng,
sylph.
feallayi.
fiomhalach,
fion, wine,
giant (Sh.) ;
Ir.
fion,
Ir.
0.
ivoui
fiavih.
fin, W.,
Cor.,
Br.
gwin
Lat.
from
vinum.
fionag,
insect,
mite,
Ir.
fionn, white,
0.
fi/mn,
Ir,
Ir.
fiwog,
Cf.
mite
find, W.
vindo-, "^'vindo-,
a
Gaul,
gwenn,
miser,
Servian
as
cheese,
Corn,
gwyn.
nasalised
form
vidny,
fios.
Ir.
0. Ir. inda'4'ainst,
ionn-,
fionn-,
fionn-, to,
see,
in
in
etc.
Br.
guyn,
vid, veid,
of root
clear.
ionn-.
see
fionna, fionnadh,
takes
from
vel of
W.
"^vin-lus,but
vellus, lana,
guedd,
aspect,
fioanachd, refreshment
root
:
which
The
etc.
vid,
is
-fad
referred
usually
of
Ir. is for
to
the
*vida,
see.
"coolness,"
"^ionii-
fhuaclid
ci.
fi.onnar.
OF
THE
175
i.AX(;uAnE.
gaei.k;
ogka.
fionns^eul,
Tr.
romance,
; from
finnsgeul
and
jionn-
"geul \
ande-
aqetlon.
fior, trne,
Lat.
Ir.
righteous
fios,knowledge,
Lat.
Ir.
video,
Root
Before
2rard.
the
wit
guir,
vor,
the
"^vero-;
Eng.
gvnr,
see,
var,
word
is
in
as
fir.
Hence
gwirioii, "^veridno-s.
W.
firian,
Br,
Ir.
vid, veid,
Jiss,^^id-tu-, root
etSov, ISdv, saw,
oTSa, know,
Gr.
W.
ver^
noun
Ir.
0.
man,
Jio.% 0.
see
givir,0.
W.
ftr,
wahr.
; Gei'.
vervs
hev^are,
f irean,
Ir.
fior,
; Skr.
fiosrach, knowing.
fir-chlis,the northern
lights ;
men
fir-chneatain, backgammon
fire faire, interjection
what
see
Got.
know.
Hence
Sc.
iiery-fary^
clis.
"
"
know
the
bustle.
cf. fearann, root
"^ver.
fireach, hill ground, mountain
:
firead, a ferret, Ir. firead ; from the Eng.
true-bird
fireun, an eagle, Ir. fir-en :
;" from fior and
So
"
in
E.
firionn, male, so
false, interjection
Ir. ; E.
fise
"
fitheach,a
the
or
firend
of
phonetics being
^veivako-s.
fithreach,dulse,
So
noise
Ir., 0.
raven,
salmon.
Ir.
Ir.
(Rob.^.
Reay Country
in
from
eun.
fear.
those
It is still
biadh.
of
Stokes
distantly allied
to
gives "^veijako-s
weihe.
Ger.
Ir.
so
fid, 0.
Ir.
fiuihaidh
(fiubhaidh),an
arrow
see
iuihaidh.
flaiche,a sudden
(Sh.,
):
gust
flaitheanas, heaven, glory, flaitheas, sovereignty,
of
eamhrtus,
flaitheman
0.
Ir.
wind
flaithemnas,
flath.
;
tflann, red, blood-red, so Ir., E,
O'R
gloria
; from
Ir.
jiaith-
ffxiithem, lord,
g.
see
Ir, fiand,
blood,
red;
vi-ando-^
167
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
the Eng.
flasg, a flask, W. fflasg; from
Ir.
flath, a chief, prince,
flaitK 0. Ir. flaith^ chief, dominion,
{*vlatimon-), W,
fiaithem{an), chief
givlad, region, M. W.
riulatic,rex,
Corn,
gulat, patria,
*vlafo-s, *vlati-s,root
valid
Ch.
Got.
SI.
Russ.
*valo-s
Also
names
Ger.
valdan,
vlada, rule,
king.
as
"^
Domhnall,
"
vala, via,
Br.
be
strong
vlatos,
; Lat.
valere, Eng.
walten, rule, Eng. weild, Walter
;
vladiete, rule, 0. Pruss.
waldnika-,
the
final
element
Dumno-valo-a
of certain
(see
personal
doynhan),
Conall,
Kuno-valo-s
Eng.
wold
Celtic
Gr.
arrow-maker.
fleasgach,
Fr.
See
man,
young
^vledska,
aAcrog, grove
the
comes
from
bearer."
From
itinerant
medicine
; Ch.
fleche,
vld
root
SI.
Ger.
vladi,
whence
arrow,
z^'a/t/,
wood,
hair.
From
Kng.
the
Fletcher,
fleisdear.
bachelor,
so
The
fleasg, above.
men,
Ir., M.
carried
Ir.
Ir.
fleasgan
fle""gach:
fleasgaigh
to
denote
"
wand-
ealadhna,
their
fession.
pro-
fleasg.
fleasgairt, a barge or boat hung with festoons
; from
M.
arrow-maker
Sc.
from
fledgear,
Eng. flecchere, now
fleisdear,
;
further.
0.
Fr.
See
from
fleasg
flechier.
fletcher,
^orsefljdta,
fleodradh, floating (Heb), fleodruinn, a buoy; from
to float, Eng. float.
flat fish (Arms.), fleoidhte,
a
untidy, flabby person,
fleogan, an
flaccid
(Sh.) :
W.
Ir. ffiodh, fligh, chickweed,
gwlydd,
fliodh, chickweed, a wen,
*vldu-.
Same
in fleasg.
of plants,
root
as
chickweed, soft stems
Corn,
0.
W.
W.
0.
gulip,
gwlyh,
ylibor,
Ir.,fliuch,
fliuch, wet, Ir.,
Lat.
Br.
wet
liquidus
(
humor,
vliquidus) ;
gloeb, wet, *vlqii-s,
;
Lit. wa'lks, wet, wa'lka, swampy
place. See failc.
(H.S.D. for N.H.) :
fl6,hallucination
ffoti,a raft.
flod,a state of floating ; from Eng. float,Norse
plodadh.
fiodach, lukewarm
; see
the M.
Eng. flour,
flilr,
pltir,flower, Ir. plur, M. Ir. pldr ; from
=
0. Fr.
G.
fltir is from
the
Scotch,
OF
Ir. /o, W.
vo-
W.
vtto,
Bret.
; Lat.
hither,
upa,
(Carni.) :
foijhannan (fothannan), a
Cor.,
Cor. go-,
guo-,
'^u{p)o; I. E. upo ; Gr,
0.
go-^
"^vo, for
Skr.
?(/"
;
177
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
fo, brink
*omo-tanno-,
omthann,
focal,word
twig'"?
rough
(Arran).
or
Ir.
am/i
See
and
facal.
see
"raw
fonntan
Dial,
caorrunn.
E.
laugh
stebius,be
fochair, presence,
being
car
fochann,
the
in
corn
young
Iv.
Ir., M.
coram,
fochair
^fo-char,
put.
cor,
"^vo-kuno^
astonished.
fochar,
am
Root
kun,
Ir.
blade,
M.
fochan,
ku, increase,
Gaul,
Ir.
fochon
high,
cuno-,
etc.
curaidh.
See
See
war.
gal.
for
foghair,
foghainteach,
see
Ir.
valorous,
merriment
foghainteach,
from
Joghaint, ability:
capable" ;
Ir. foghaintidhe, a servant.
fbghnadk.
foghair, a sound, tone, so Ir.,0. Ir. fogur,
gar
to
goir.
fuaim, q.v.
fog'har, harvest,
the
Ir.
being
idea
makes
M.
foghmhar,
last
month
fogomur,
fogamur,
gamur
Strachan
is
"
kynnhaeaf
from
sub
from
foghlum,
the
see
sense,
othail.
"
of
first
; for
of
Cf.
before,
foghluim,
cyn,
"^fo-gar-;
part fog,
fogamur,
autumn
and
autumn,
:
W.
and
E.
"^fo-gawMr,
winter, q.v.
cynauaf, harvest, 0.
gauaf,
root
refers
geamhradh,
of
root
hiemem."
Ir.
root
sonus
it
Ir.
the
The
W.
winter,
0.
Ir. foglaim, vb. fogliunn :
learning, Ir.
make
clear
"^vo-glendo, "^glendo,
Eng. glance, Ger. glanz,
;
splendour ; Ch. SI. gl"dati, show.
fdghnadh, sufficiency,
service, \x. foghnamh, 0. It. fognam, service ;
from
fo
and
griioinh,deed.
foichein,a
wrapper,
foichlean,
infant's
clout
sprout, young
foichnin ; see fochann.
corn
(Arm.), faichean
(Arg.), Ir.
21
178
ETYMOLOGICAL
f6id, a peat
DICTIONARY.
fod.
see
imperfectly toasted.
foil,pig-stye ; see fail.
Ir. foil^ foill, softly ! a while,
foil,slow, stately,foill, composure,
M.
Ir. CO foill,slowly, for a while, E. Ir. co foill, slowly :
foileadh, slow development :
G.
for
is
foill, treachery, 0. Ir. foile, astutia.
*volni-, Ir.
for '^'volid,
both
side-forms
to feall, treachery, q.v.
0.
Ir.
foillsich,
reveal,
foillsigim, svolnestiJcio ; see follus.
foinich, ask ; see faighnich.
*
foinne,
Ir.
wart,
gwennhaenn,
Cor.
Eng.
S.
Ag.
wen,
genteel
blister, Br.
gwennn,
(Ern.).
wenn
; cf. next
also
word,
Lat.
Cf.
above
word.
foir-,prefix meaning
super," same
Ir.
foir,help,
foir (vb. and
n.),E.
"^vo-retto
f6ir,
help us :
; root
for-
"
cf.
The
furtachd.
elements.
W.
Similarly
is irova
foir-
as
Ir.
foirbheart
and
can,
forcital, doctrina,
say,
See
sing.
0.
are
force,
of
like
ance,
really),assist-
Ir. word
; from
vb.
bail, good %
catechism, Ir. foircheadal,
and
/or
doceo
forchun,
crew,
Ir,
fuirionn,
E.
^for-can-
Ir.
W.
caterva
Ir. don-
For
goret,
guerin, W.
giverin, people,
*vorend, ^vorlnni-, multitude, root
ver, enclose
multitudo,
0.
; root
can.
help,
riiith,run.
release, Br.
(an
beir.
foirbhillidh,
acceptable (M'D.)
0.
of
far, air{b).
"ee
foriuth,
ret
givared,
; Lit.
word,
long
row
in
fairenn,
Br.
M.
;
Indian
0.
Ir.
gueryn,
S. vorn,
file ; Skr.
Ag.
See fearann.
vrd, troop, company
Ir. foirhthe, perfectus,
foirfe,perfect, Ir. foirfe, complete, old, 0
forbe, perfectio, vb. forbanar, perficitur,forfenar, consummatus
:
"^for-benben, ba, go (Lat. venio, Gr. ^atvw,
; root
be"
"to
"p7]v, etc.), practically a verb
(Stokes JSfeo-Celtic
Verb
Subst.).
fdirin,assistance, E.
foirinn,border
land
Ir. inf.
(Cam.)
dat.,foirithin
:
; see
foir,
OF
THE
GAELIC
179
LANGUAGE.
g.
of
foirne.
(Eng. vassal);
givas
from
the
root
same
Also
as/o2's.
fasdadh.
folach,
of
rank
growing
grass
falach.
see
dunghills
on
"^vog-lo-,
root,
vog,
veg
feur.
fuil.
folachd, a feud, bloodiness
; see
folachdain, water-parsnip (H.S.D. quotes only O'B ),h\ folachiain :
follas, publicity, follaiseach, public, Ir. fo/lus, public, manifest,
0.
Ir.
fonn,
See
G.
bonn,
Ir. fonn,
tune,
strain
with
fundus,
see
which,
solus.
again,
q.v.
tune,
"^svonno-, root
^'svolnestu-s
sven,
desire, delight, M.
sound, Lat. sonus,
Ir.
adbonn,
Eng.
sound.
seinn.
forbkas,
fore,a fork,
E.
Ir.
forbas, siege
Ir. /ore,
E.
Ir. fore
{=gobul);
for
Lat.
furca, Eng.
fork.
if legs
fore,'
push (especially
fore,
are
forked), pitch
with
fork
; from
fork,
forf
180
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
forlach, a furlough ;
forluinn, spite, hatred
from
the
Eng.
(H.S.D.), Ir.,
See
fortune,
/or
and
/or
and
; from
has
Ir.
an
still,Ir.
makes
it
Lat.
forma.
(M'E.)
shift
; from
of
Ir.
cattle's
Lat.
fortuna.
food,
orts
the
from
Eng.
oris.
straw.
Ir.
M.
fos, heos,
in
comparative
word
; from
fortas,
fos,
English.
Ir.
E.
fortun
forlonn
rath.
Lh.
\\\
fierce.
lonn^
fortan,
M.
form
0.
Ir.
hens,
heo-,
Stokes
beius.
allied
to
Lat.
bed,
gladden, be-xiQ,well,
fosg, fosgag,
fosgail, open,
leic
lark
the
Ir., E.
so
leig,let.
or
(Carm.)
See
Ir.
oslaicim
leig and
cf.
from
scattering,
root
*f-od-as-leig
;
tuasgail.
:
to
leaks
stop
Gaelic
; cf. Ir.
root
fosradh,
ster, strew.
fosradh, hand
feeding of cattle (Heb.) :
the
fothach,
glanders in horses, Ir. fothach, fdthach :
f6tus, a flaw, refuse (M'A. says "rotten
pus," and gives fot, rotten
earth)
from
Sc.
faut,
in
as
fabhd.
as
see,
in
dearc,
*ro-darc
France.
Fining,
Ir. lus
tansy (St.).
fraoch, heather, Iv. fraoch,
"^vroiko-
groegon,
fraoch,
E.
Ir.
0.
bhfhrancach
froech,
kpeUr^.
; Gr.
fraech,
\v.
na
; M.
Hence
W.
grug,
G.
of shoe
Ir.
Cor.
; Skr.
herb
''
grig, M.
fraoch, wrath,
fraoch
frangcan,
furor,
fraochan,
heather-protector,"from
;
fraoidhnidh, flourishing :
fraoidhneis, froinis, a fringe ; from the Eng.
fraoileadh, a flusteringby liquor ; Dial, sraoileadh
toe-bit
root
q.v.
fellow
fraigein, a brisk, warlike
frogan.
; nee
fraigh, wattled
partition, E. Ir. fraig : "^vragi-,root
verg
Gr.
shut
in.
elpyo),
vraja, hurdle
;
fraileach, sea-weed
(Sh., O'R.) :
lus
na
frang-alus, tansy ;
Fraing" (Cameron), the French
from
Br.
Ir.
OF
fraon,
place of shelter
(D. Ban.) :
fras, a shower, Ir. fras, E.
freag'air,answer,
of
frass,
and
root
tal, which
freiceadan,
a
vow,
in
see
the
0.
freasdail,
Dr
Ir.
frestal,fresdel :
referred it
Cameron
to
tuarastal.
^frith-coi7nhead-a?L;
interdictory resolution,
final
is allied
root
Tr.
Ir.
E.
coimhead,
from
tongeo,
think,
freteck,fristoing,
renuntiaverimus
frisiossam,
tag, take,
as
W.
to
0,
Lat.
swear,
root
q.v.
repudiation, renunciation,
gives
Ir.
fritheil.
see
watch
guard,
guard, look,
root
frith-gar-^
goir.
"^fris-do-el; for
freiteach,
freagairirn,E. Iv.frecraim:
Iy.
; Skr.
dew
e'/oa-?;,
; Gr.
"^vrastd
rain,
vamham,
gar
Ir.
mountains
the
in
181
LANGUAGE.'
GAELIC
THE
Eng.
Lat.
Ir.
tangere.
Stokes
think.
tong,
tyngu.
givraint,
M.
Br.
M.
Ir.
grwch,
fry
; cf. Ir.
I fry.
f'riochtaiaini,
of the
Eng.
friodhan, a bristle, pig's bristle ;
Cf
in fraigh %
as
guairecli muc
; root
vrg
frioghan,
M.
Ir.
W.
givrych, hedge,
bristles,"^vrg-ko-.
frioghail, sharp,
Hence
bristliness
frionas, fretfulness
"^friogKn-as,
;" from
:
look,
fretful
friotach,
(Stew.) ; ^qq frith, sour
if far-away persons
incantation
to discover
ffrith, an
Norse
fate (Sh., O'R.) ; from
the
frett, enquiry
the
future,
is the
noun,
frioghan.
live
of
(Heb.),
gods
the
Sc.
fret,fteit.
frith,frioth, small, trifling (Sh. O'R.), which
the
i.
keen.
"
about
frighan
prep,
look
frith
or
M'A.
says
antecedes
ri.
sour
or
angry
*vrti-
Ir.
which
see.
"
182
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
look.
sour
wall
fraigh
; from
snighe.
froineadh, a sudden
tugging, rushing at (M'D.) :
froinis, a fringe ; see fraoidhneis.
fromhaidh, hoarse, rough :
fruan, acclivity(Carm.) :
fuachd, cold, so Ir., 0. Ir. uacht, ocht, *aukto-; Lettic
auksts,
cold (adj.),Lit. duszti, cold, be cold.
Ir. fuadaighim, drive
snatch
fuadaich, drive away,
away,
away,
E. Ir. fuataigm
teich.
Hence
fuadan,
:
*fo-od-tech(?) ; see
wandering.
and
fuadarach, hasty, in a hurry (Stew.,Arm.
H.S.D.), Jr. fuadar,
Cf
1
haste
from
of
Sc.
fuadaich
fuadf outre, activity.
;
fuagarthach, exiled ; see fbgair.
Cf. 0. Ir. fuat.
fuaidne, loose pins of warping stakes.
fuaigh, stitch, fuaig'heal, sewing, so Ir.,E. Ir. fuagaim, uagaim,
0.
Ir. uaimm
root
(n.):
stitch,
oug-s-men;
pug,
poug,
Ijnt.
Zimmer
referred
stick;
Eng. pzmc^.
(in 1882),
pungo,
the
idea
it to
of high, the
root
being
integrate," from
integer." 0. Ir. oigthidi,sartores.
6g, uag,
Neither
fuaim, noise, so Ir., E. Ir. f uaimm
(pi. fuamand).
of Skr.
sound, Got.
^vog-s-m.en (Strachan ; root
vog
vagnu,
*voc-s-men
(Stokes ; root voq,
vopjan, cry, Eng. whoop) nor
Lat.
6
or
voice,
give ua, only
a.
voco) can
loom
Ir.
uaithne,
fualthne,
pillar,post, E. Ir. uatne,
posts (Uist),
a
post (bed post). So Henderson
; fiiidne (Wh.) :
fual, urine, so Ir., 0. Ir. fual : *voglo- or *voblo- ; root vog, veg, ug,
be wet, ; Gr.
wet, Eng. hygrometer ; Lat. humidus, uveo,
vypos,
be
vokva, moisture.
moist, Eng. humour
(for ugveo),
; Norse
fuar, cold, Ir. fuar, E. Ir. uar, W. oer, Cor. oir : *ogro-,root ug^
.
'^
"
"
aug
oi
would
give
q.v.
under
fual^
be
rather
W.
windward
Gr.
vob
wall
at
suggests
the
it to
Gr.
vypos,
root
wet
(cf.Lat.), and
either
Ch.
veg,
a
ug,
this
cussed
dis-
which
root
would
SI. ogni,
not
fire
(Lat.
fuaradh,
Trayos,
ends
Hence
frost
fuar-shlat,
the
Celtic
in
side, fuaran,
(Ir. fuardlach,
refers
especially
Strachan
oer.
ignis) or
staves
Stokes
fuachd,
the
of casks
rough
strong hoop
(Wh.).
used
to
bend
in
OF
Ir., M.
uath
see
\r
Ir., E.
so
183
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
Ir.
fuath
for
root,
fuaslaicim
; cf. E.
tuasgail.
see
Ir.
uath,
terror,
awe,
:
Ir., 0. Ir. fuath, figura, forma
Ir.
of
G.
owlcH
M.
ncaire,
L.),
fucadh, fulling cloth,
(D.
pile.
fudag, a shoe-strap (H.S.D. says Dial.) :
so
fuller
; cf.
ivell.
Eng.
fuilear, cha
Stokes
agrees
'n fhuilear
I need, must
dhomh,
; for furail, 0. Ir.
ail.
root
fordil, excessive
as
ear
injunction, infliction,same
Ir.
E.
suffer
Ir.
fuilig, fulling, fulaing",
(thou),
fulangaim,
fulangim, 0. Ir. fuloing, sustinet, mi. fulang : "under-go",
from
fo and
^long, going, root
lenq, spring, go, as in leuni.,
q.v.
Further
allied
loiigus.
fuin, bake, Ir. fuinim,
cook.
the
Zimmer
Norse
a-roasting
von,
Lat.
is Ger.
takes
knead,
the
word
to
boil,
; but
mean
Ir.
man,
also
bake,
from
"
fuirbearnach
compounds
of
bi
and
super.
see
eararadh.
Ir. fuirigim,
root
reg,
noun
stretch, go
fuirech,
; Lat.
0.
Ir.
porrigo,
rack.
fuinim,
fire,bake,"
"to
unlikely.
Venus, Eng. venerate.
beir,with/o?*,
Ir.
E.
Lat.
long,
vi^ funa,
oc-fune Norse
Possibly "^voni-, dress," root ven,
bake,
fuirbidh, a strong
rego.
Eng. form.
the
Eng.
by riding (M'D.)
184
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
furan,
same
as
Ir.
welcome,
E.
the
Ir.
earail, q.v,
fur-dn, foran
fdilti, I
feraim
(Connaught)
welcome.
The
; root
root
means
in
as
ver,
E.
in
Ir.
The
of fhuair
root
seems
give
(see fearthuinn).
mixed
that
with
ol fearthuinn.
't^eefearthuinn.
furas, patience : "^f-air-asta,asta
(standing, staying) being
Ir.
rain"
"
ad-sta-, ad
furasda
and
(furas),
from
"^'"air-usa,
furbaidh,
wrath
easy,
easier, q.v.
nsa,
(Sh., O'R.), furban
fuirbid/i.
furbhailt, furailt, courtesy,
For
the
may
be
from
f"r-fdilte.
latter
from
Armstrong
Eng.
(H.S.D.,
kindly
"
gives
formality.
E.
from
also
reception;
ceremony"
The
words,
as
fusgan,
; for
Gaelic
heather
brush
the
; cf. Sc.
whisker,
urusa:
MSS.)
see
furmailt.
force, which
seem
-a,n): *for-
tighinn.
a
bunch
of
feathers
for
whisk.
Eng.
dog-days
sweeping,
futhar,
root
Ir.
otherwise,
for
sta, stand.
Sc.
; from
/v^re-days.
gab,
tattling
mouth
chatter, mock,
g'abairt, a
Norse
from
Sc.
gab
(do.),M.
gahh, mockery,
0.
Fris.
Eng. gahhen,
gahbia,
to
accuse.
lighter,
(Heb.)
gabert,
transport
Fr. gabarre, storeship, lighter.
from
gabh, take, Ir. gahhairn, 0. Ir. gabaim, gaib, capit, inf. gabdil, W.
capio,
gafa.el,prehensio (Eng. gavelkindi),Cor. gavel : "^^'gabo,
Got.
Ger.
do, *gabagli ;
giban, give,
geben, Eng. give ; Lit.
vessel
; from
Sc.
gabenti, bring.
gabhadh, danger, peril, Ir. gdbha{dh), E. Ir. gdba, gdbud :
Ir. gdd, danger, Gr. x^C^? I'etire,
xi^^'^-"
want, X^P'-'^^ hsit.
gabhagan, a titlark (Sh., O'R., H.S.D.) :
gabhal, fork ; see best G, form in gobhal.
cf. E.
he-res.
OF
gabhann,
"
from
gabh
in" 1
185
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
take
gabhar,
gabhd,
THE
G.
form
Sc.
from
gohhar.
in
gaud,
Cf.
trick.
M.
E.
gaude,
gaudium,
(Chaucer),
Eng. gaud.
specious
makes
devoid
of
care
gabhlan, a wandering, a man
(H.S.D., which
it Dial. ; M'E.) :
gach, each, every, Ir. gach, 0. Ir. each, cech, omnis, quivis, W.
trick
0.
poh.
of
gad,
from
Cor.
W.,
interrogative
co
Ir.
0.
goad,
1/ard
G.
g^d, gat, an
wedge
bar
iron
steel,
of
quisque
spear
"^qo-qa,'^qe-qa,root
Skr.
kag-ca
Ir. gat
"^gazdo-;
Sc.
Eng.
gad,
bar
qo,
Got.
gazds,
sting, Eng.
of
gad,
gad.
M.
'?
wild-goose ;
howl,
gadluinne,
Ir.
gadar, mastiff, E.
(K. Meyer)
gag,
The
this
and
Norse
to
seems
is
slender,
likely the
feeble
gagar
has
gagg,
from
Norse
the
fox's
that
prove
the
salmon
gag,
cleft,chink,
gho, gha
chaos
; Lat.
Eng.
Ir. gag
gap,
fauces,
gape
after
throat.
W.
gag.
dog,
dog
gagarr,
cry,
has
spawning
Cor.
^gdggd, gds-g, I. E.
x^^^^^y yawn,
; Gr.
Cf.
gad,
gagl,
a
root
of gagar.
original source
fellow, a
Norse
qe^
etc.
; from
M.
E.
gad,
gart,
hasta,
Lat.
under
pob
pep,
Lat.
withe, switch,
Br.
pop^
Lat.
root
(Sh.):
gahen-.
ghdg,
further
takes
hence
Eng. jag.
Eng.
a
gag,
cluster
:
which
Skeat
gak
queries
an
if from
word.
onomatopoetic
G.
in want, craver
gaibhteach, a person
gabh.
; from
gailbheach, stormy, prodigious, E. Ir. gailbech, blustering ; cf.
Eng. gale, of Scandinavian
origin, Dan.
gal, furious, Norse
at
of
storm
gailbhinn, a storm
galinn (do.). Also
a
sea,
snow,
22
186
ETYMOLOGICAL
gailleach, gailleach,
of shoe
seam
the
gailleag,
blow
or
; cf
(in cattle),
gum
and
of
barks
outer
(O'B.):
the
on
sgailleag.
gaillionn, a storm
the
swelling of
junction of inner
a
gum,
uppers,
DICTIONARY
Ir.
cheek,
gailleog
galinn,
Norse
galen, wind-storm,
Norwegian
Cf.
gaill.
from
gaillseach, an
gaillseach,
earwig,
mouthful
sand,
Stokes
E.
Jr., E.
so
the
gives
But
Ir
overcharged so
flesh.
See goill.
of
sand.
mouth
gaineamh,
Ir.
so
Ir. ganem
stem
gasn-
the
; root
gd
gasnimd,
as
should
give
G.
swell
cheeks
that
Gr
of
harena^
gainmheach,
Also
gann.
earth
yaia,
Lat
ghas,
root
out,
ganmech,
and
gainisff, gainisgeag, sedge, a small
divinity in marshes
for deaths
to come
sedges by water, moaning
(Carm.) :
^ainne, a dart, arrow
head
(Sh., O'B., H.S.D.,
M'E), gainne, arrow(Arg.), Ir. gainne : gasnid ; root gas of gad, q.v.
gainntir, a prison, Ir. gaintir (Fol.) :
gair, near
; see
gar.
gair, call, crow
goir.
; see
Gr.
clamor
gair, a shout, outcry, Ir., E. \v.gdir, W. gawr,
: ^gdri-;
root
gar,
voice
laugh,
a
as
in
; root
Ir.
the
gar,
ger,
in
as
gdirim,
gdire,
foregoing
word.
E.
goir, q.v.
Ir.
gdire
Stokes
(n.) :
gives
the
as
gairbhtheann,
g^irdeachas,
species
of wild
rejoicing,Ir.
; from
*
shortening
urgartiugud,
while
time,
Cf. W.
laugh.
difyru,
gairdean, gaoirdean, an arm
same
as
gdirdechad, delighting
this
older
from
as
regards
Meyer
whiling
or
amuse
amuse,
; from
Ir.
M.
gdirdeachas,
gdir, laugh.
gartiugud,
(H.S.D.) :
grass
K.
with
divert,
Sc.
from
time,
from
gardy,
goirid,
leaning
byr,
arm,
on
E.
Ir.
gdir,
short.
gardis, yards,
yard.
OF
gairneal,
meal
from
So.
from
Lat.
THE
GAELIC
Ir.
chest,
187
LANGUAGE.
gaimeal,
meal
magazine,
0.
from
garntr,
garner
Fr.
horse
gaoisd,
gernier,
"?
hair
of arms,
and
the
armour,
the
root
gal, weeping,
Ir.
Br.
posse,
Lit
Ir.
E.
gasda,
gol, I. E.
gelti,to
gal,
0.
Ch.
idea
; Ger.
gel, pain
galan,
galar,
disease,
Ir
0.
as
allied
zulu, bad,
sore.
But
the
first
the
Roman
strangers
and
valour.
Roman
Stokes
takes
Gall,
or
be
visited
different
For
view
Gaul,
galla,
named
so
bitch
has
Pott
Cf.
branch,
W.
galluran,
galuban,
band
foe
bitch.
G.
Gallicus.
gang,
basis
gal,
for
^ghaslo- ? root
Gallus, a
derives
See
is
for
gasradh
(fig.): *gas-lo-,root
youth
angelica, so.
put
Ger.
he
as
see
Pre-
dialect.
upon
Ir.
the
root.
gas
of
gas,
q.v.
the
foal
gal +jiii'^an.
dugs
of
gives
in
shoot.
gelin, a
wood
some
gast,
Canis
on
Celtic
Irish
; cf. W.
adduced
is founded
gallan,
from
gal, weep.
ivaidk.
derivation
; lie
gal, enemy,
*gallo-s, W.
Hence
hos-tis,Eng. guest.
Lat
qalli, flaw,
the
by
gall, stranger,
glias,
cf.
stranger. Englishman,
Gaul, the Gauls
being
(Zimmer).
times
Gall).
encouraging-
in
Norse
Eng. walk,
Gallus,
visit
to
name
suggests
E.
national
Eng.
W.
thicken
Gall,
qual, pain,
gal {*galnat),brave.
the
galar,
Bez.
SI.
is
; from
Ir.
(do.) ; *galro-n.
Umbr.
holtu, Ch.
gale,
Root
feats"
galar.
W.
gal, puissance, '''gald,
gallu,
gallon, might : *galno- ; Lit.
Br.
SI.
ghalad.
*'
Cf.
Hence
the
golemu, great.
also
Gaul
Galatae, Galatian,
Gallus, a
(but see
galad, good girl,brave girl,fem. for laochan, used
address
be
to
seems
q.v.
smart.
galloet (do.),Cor.
I can,
galiu,
Ir.
the
in
as
same
E.
gul,
qudlen, torment
tgal, valour, war,
weapons
gang,
gait.
Cf.
mares
to
carriage
gbmag.
or
prevent
:
"^gang-mo- (\);
188
DICTIONARY.
ETYMOLOGICAL
gamhainn,
gamuin,
For
"winter-old."
proverb
"
Hallowe'en
On
the
from
root
G-r.
geamhradh.
theirear
Shamhna,
the
same
gimmer,
root,
Oidhche
"
calves
Norse
are
gamhnach,
gamhlas, malice,
ganail, rail,fold
gangaid, deceit
(Sh.),Ir., M.
gymhr,
yearling
xLiiapo"^,
farrow
called
are
calf, E.
Tr.
winter
gam,
Confirmed
by the
gamhnaris nalaoigh"
stirks.
Similarly and
lamb, Sc.
year-old ewe
Hence
(Dor.).
goat
cow.
ganraich, roaring
gaog,
lump
gaoid,
as
noise
blemish,
"^gaizdo-;
cloth
or
[r.
Lit.
of billows
as
in yarn
gaoid,
zaizda,
birds
or
; cf.
stain
goigean.
E.
; cf.
Ir.
gdet, a
wound
wound.
thrill of pain
or
gaoir, a noise, a cry of pain or alarm, sensation
shout?
from
gair,
(Perth.) ;
horse
gaoisid,
hair, M. Ir. goisideach,crinitus, 0. Ir. goiste,
gaoisd,
x^^'^^)
suspendium,
laqueus : *gaissinti-,^gait-tinti; Gr.
hair.
flowing
mane,
female
termination
gaort, giort, a
gaoth, wind,
saddle
-sach
girth
Cf.
'I
; from
siursach.
the
Eng.
refers
gar,
it to
Ir.
warm,
heat
Eng.
so
Ir., E.
the
Ir.
of
root
0.
goraim,
*gor6,
Ir.
; Gr.
warm
tliermo-meter
gath solely,which
Lat.
gorim,
Br.
gov,
ghai
above.
as
W.
burning,
gwres,
heat, depi^os,
warm,
Oepos,summer
furnus,
is
oven,
furnace
Ch.
SI.
THE
OF
further
goreti, burn;
189
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
Eng.
'^gh^'^ormo-,Teut.
E.
(L
warm
gwarm.
gar,
gair, gaire,
M.
Ir. gar,
although
particle.
garadh, garradh,
gar,
Norse
garadh,
gar^r,
garaidh,
den,
stand
garbh, rough, so
''"garvn; I.
Lat.
See
this
is
E.
root
verbal
garrda
See
Ir.
wood,
under-
gardn,
Ir.
x^P^i"
Gr.
rough, I. E.
stake, x^P^^P^^^
to
Lat.
horreo
garb,
W.
garw,
Some
join it
(6apv";,
heavy,
Gr.
fork
garb/i.
Br.
garu,
tearing ; Gr.
(do.),hirsutus, hirsute,
farther.
the
from
bristle, be
gar,
her
allied
barbh.
Ir.
adv.),
root,
the
is
ro
ge ;
thicket,
garan,
grove,
etc.
Ir., 0.
garadh
goirid
for
zeriii,scrape,
Lit.
and
stiff,tear, scratch
; Lat.
ravine
See
M.
gardhadh,
copse,
thicket, garrdn,
gher,
Ir.
garden,
yard, M.
(adj.
near
near
with
G.
the
stiff.
be
gravis, but
Lat.
would
xhP-"hedgehog,
hdrshati,
Skr.
cruel
hard,
rather
as
be
In
the
Sc. garvie.
Arran,
garbhag, sprat, garvie (Dial ) ; from
G. garbh.
is the sea-bream, but
this
is from
garbhanach
garbhan, the gills of a fish (N. H.). See giitran.
hen's
See grdchdan.
a
complaint ; onomatopoetic.
garcan,
Ir.
Ir.
0.
fierce,angry,
*gorgo-s ;
bitter,
:
garg,
garg,
gargg
garg,
Gr.
yop-^o'i,
screaming
from
gar,
garluch,
gar
garmainn,
gen.
infant,
with
cry,
mole
and
There
frightsome.
is
obsolete
an
M.
Ir.
^gergo-s.
gearg,
garlach,
rough,
the
little
villian, vagabond,
-lach
termination
Ir.
Ir.
garlach
(see bglach).
garlach
"^gar-luch ;
luch
(*?).
garman,
W.
garTime,
weaver's
carfan
beam,
; from
Ir., E.
the
Ir.
of
root
0.
garmain,
cuir, put
Ir.
*ger,
*gher, spear?
garrach, a glutton, gorbelly, dirty creature, Ir. garrfhiach, a
glutton (O'B.) ; allied to Eng. gorbelly, gore, by borrowing (1).
garradh, a garden ; better spelling than garadh, q.v.
root
a
crow
garrag,
; cf. Eng. gorcroiv,
young
gor of Eng. gore, as
in
garrag,
garrach.
a
sudden
roaring
; from
gar
of
goir.
gart, surly aspect, gloom
Ir.
gart, standing corn,
XopTos,
gartan,
fodder.
garter
; from
See
cf,
goirt, sore,
gort,
cornfield,
goirtean
the
Eng.
further,
sour.
0.
Ir.
gort,
seges
Gr.
190
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
twig,
^as,
Ir.
stalk,
hasta
; Lat.
*gastd
gas
(see gad).
Bez.
Lat.
gasg,
tail
?
Zend
^gad-sko- ;
zadhanh,
gasgag,
gad,
gasradh, salacity in
M.
dogs,
gasraidh, rabble,
troops,
W.
gwas,
iron
bar
gast,
go,
from
whence
goiiine, 0.
military
gas,
Eng.
vassal.
ge,
whoever,
see
ge,
Ir.
the
co,
Ir.
interrogative
gidh,
gaid,
; root
goithimm,
band
goes
gas, gat-s,
futuo.
of domestic
; borrowed
servant
See
cacare.
from
fasdadh.
Gaul,
Gr.
gaiso-n
Norse
shepherd's
x^^^%
missile.
b' 6, whatever,
ge
though,
ge,
heshas,
; Skr.
Ir.
bitch
gad.
gat, an
; see
Ir.
(jath,E. Ir. gai, gae,
a
dart,
sting,
gath,
geirr, spear, Ag. S. gar, Eng. ^ar-lic ;
crook
M.
soldiers,Ir. gasradh,
mercenary
youths,"
"
W.
Fr.
gadales, meretrix,
Br.
the
female
xH^)
Gr.
podex,
0.
Ir. ce,
whoever,
pronoun
cia ;
ci,
Ir.
gibe, E. Ir. ce be ;
be is the subj. of bl.
root
same
above.
as
for
See
also
ged.
geacach, sententious, pert ; from Sc. geek, to sport,
gecken, hoax.
gead, a spot of arable land, a garden bed, a spot in
Ir. qead
lock
gead, a
geadas,
deride,
Ger.
horse's
head,
fore-
(H.S.D.)
of hair
pike,
to
Ir.
geadus
; also
"
clip
to
Norse
; from
"
Sc.
gedda,
ged,
allied
to
Eng. goad.
g^adh,
Cor.
goose
Ir.
goose,
goydh,
; Norse
geadh,
E.
Ir.
ged, W.
Br.
goose,
g^gl,
goaz, gwaz
wild
goose,
M.
gwydd,
0. Cor.
*gegdo-, root
H.
G.
gage,
sound
gigze, produce inarticulate
goose,
gagula, a water-fowl, Russ.
goose-like,Servian
a
diver
(Stokes).
It
cannot
be
referred
to
the
guit,auca,
geg,
like
cry
cry
Lit.
gagonas,
gagara,
roots
like
gige,
silverof
Eng.
ghandro-).
(glians-,
field,
earghalt,
park (Arg., M'A.) ; hence
geadhail, a ploughed
land
arable
root
as
gead, viz.,ged, hold, Eng. get.
: same
gel. Cor. ghel, Br. gelaonen ; Gr.
geal, a leech, E. Ir. gel, W.
leeches
fSSeXXa, /^Aerves,
(Hes.) : Skr. jaluka, blood-leech
;
Lat.
I. E. root
etc.
gula, throat, Eng. gidlet,
gel, devour,
Ir.
E.
Ir.
"^gelo-,I. E. root ghel, clear, shine,
:
gel
geal, white,
geal,
glow ; Lit. geltas, pale-yellow ; Eng. gleam, glow ; Gr. xkiia,
Stokes
wine
connects
it with
be warm,
x^^''^^unmixed
; etc.
usual
derivation
with
Lat.
the
it
Lit.
zila-s, grey ;
joins
goose
'
and
gander
OF
THE
zelti,grow
Lit.
yellow,
gealach,
Hence
green.
191
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
the
SI.
gealan,
Ir. ;
so
moon,
Ch.
green,
linnet.
gealbhan,
fire
fire, little
Gr.
glea'tn;
g'ealbhonn,
golvan
I. E. ghel, glow
"^gelvo-,
See geal.
be warm.
-)(\.'nsi,
; from
Ir., M.
so
sparrow,
geal,
white.
geall,
0.
Ir.
W.
gelhund,
Cor.,
golfan,
x^Xi^i^v, swallow,
Gr.
Cf.
Eng. glow,
Br.
Norse
gal (do.).
geall,
Ir.
pledge,
giall, hostage,
of
^geldo-n, now
Eng.
money,
Ir.
gell,pignus
derives
Stokes
q.v.
gis, geisy
^geldo-s,
^gis-lo-,root
thus
it
debt,
0.
W.
Cor.
phrase,
geall
geilt.
see
Ir.
Ir.
0.
aemred,
Br.
gaimred,
Br.
M.
1. E.
Ch.
SI.
has
gem,
its
samhradh
Gaul.
; Gr.
zima
Skr.
hiems.
influenced
(Thur.).
Thur.
goam,
himd, cold,
; Lat.
xeifxMv
vowel
goyf,
geall air,
an
above.
gouaff
gaem,
gauaf.
G.
Celt.
winter
Ir. gam,
samh
of
0.
analogy
suggests
now
zima,
The
the
by
Zend
*giamo
for
of
cf.
Giamillus.
geamhta,
geamhd,
cake
bread
of
giota, a piece.
geamnaidh,
chaste,
castitas
; from
anything
(O'R.) ;
Ir.
for
root
gen,
E.
Ir.
geamhddg, a little
geimheal. Cf. Ir. giohhta,
thick,
cf.
root,
geanmnuidh,
the
and
short
Ir.
gin.
mood,
gean,
humour,
affection
E.
; cf. Lat.
Ir.
humour,
good
favour,
gean,
geniui", ingenium,
root
approval,
gen,
Ir. gen,
be
to Gr.
laugh, may
compared
joy (Bez.);
yavos,
Stokes
Skr.
has, laugh.
suggests "^gesno-,
and
short
geangach, crooked, thick
gingein.
; see
Ir.
knit
geanm-chnd,
chesnut,
:
chastity tree ;" a mistaken
geanrnc
"
translation
geannair,
gearan,
0.
care
a
a
H.
of Lat.
hammer,
wedge,
complaint,
G.,
queran,
; further
castanea,
Ir.
Ir.
chesnut,
geannaire
geardn,
sigh, chara,
allied
,is root
and
Gr.
M.
Ir.
gerdn,
root
S. cearu,
sound,
as
in
Svpofiac,lament.
from
castus, chaste,
geinne.
see
Ag.
weep,
gar,
if from
as
the
Eng.
ger,
sorrow,
goir.
cry
Eng.
Cf.
W.
192
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
ge^rr,
Cf.
M.
hare,
Eng.
Ir.
0.
gash,
garsen,
geirrfhiadh
Fr.
gerraim
Skr.
worse,
hrasva^
garser.
deer
short
"
Ir. gerr^
"
from
and
gea,rr
in G.
being omitted
fiadh, the latter word
gearrach, diarrhoea, bloody flux :
the shore-land
and
the
gearraidh, the pasture-land between
N.
fenced
ger^i,
field, garth.
(Heb.) ; from
land
moor-
Shet.
G air die.
gearran,
This
forms
periods
several
as
to
Woman,
the
and
week's
animal
:
root
'*'ged-to,
gesso,
March
cut.
onwards
(H.S.D.).
nomenclature
first the
given to the
Faoilleach, explained
ged
of
412-414.
pp.
Ir.
guidhe,
Ir., M.
gedrr,
the
See
Nich.
Oisgean, or ewes.
Ir., E.
spell, taboo, charm,
geas,
"^
from
length
the
Spring-time
"
; then
length
as
of
Wolf-month
"
of
part
dedentur
; from
Ag.
giall, hostage.
Ir.
wild, M.
geilt, terror, fear, Ir. geilt, a distracted
person,
ver^a
at
by fear ; Norse
geltacht, flying, E. Ir. geilt, mad
mad
with
terror
gjalti,to turn
(borrowed from Celtic, Stokes,
Stokes
refers
into
Celtic, Zimmer).
Thurneysen ; borrowed
Gr.
swallow.
it to a root
ghel, fly,suggested by
x^AtSwv, a
Ir.
E.
Ir. geimel, gemel :
geimhiol,
geimheal, a fetter, chain,
Gr.
fasten ;
*gemelo-, root
ykvTo, grasped [^yk^-ro),
gem,
ydfxos,marriage ; Lat. gemini, twins ; Ch. SI. zima, com
primere.
g^imhleag
geimhleag,
lock, a
early
geinn,
M.
Ch.
SI.
lever
Sc.
; from
gate-
from
an
that
in
fork.
wedge,
wedged
crow-bar,
javelin, Ag.
gafeloc, spear, possibly
of W.
gajiach, a dart, the root
being
form
Br.
S.
spear,
gohhal,
(Wh.),
Ir.,E.
so
guenn
into
Ir,
geind,
*genni-, root
the
z"lo (do.).
fork
N.
of
gand,
W.
gaing,
Br.
genn,
in Lettic
0.
Br.
the
gen,
wood
dfenis,
ploughshare, dfenulis, sting,
a
stick, Lat. offendo,
peg,
gann,
gen,
as
the
gentiles ;
from
the
Lat.
gens
(gentis),
gentilis.
OF
geir, W.
193
LANGUAGE.
gired,
gwer,
xP^'^j
Cf. Gr.
grease.
gharsati (do.),*ghrsj6.
Scr.
anoint,
Ir.
GAELIC
THE
; milk
(Carm.)
giosgan.
the
Eng.
; formed
geapian.
cock
Eng.
on
S.
Ag.
gape,
Sc.
Cf.
gekk^
grimace.
geocaire,
glutton,
geocack,
N.
Scotch
creek
geolach,
jocosus (Stokes).
Norse
the
gjd,
Dan.
juUe,
wooden
; from
the
Scandinavian
Sc.
joUe,
bier, the
Norse
yawl, jolly-hosit.
yolle,Eng.
shoulder-bands
Mod.
"
dead
of the
; for
root,
giiilan?
see
gedtan,
of arable
spot
(M'A.) :
geuban, giaban,
a
2/sgainc;
a
low,
geum,
:
the
Skr.
or
craw
geag,
cankii, twig,
bird
Ir. gee :
stake
; Ch.
Ir.
giall,a jaw
of
root
borrowed
seems
the
from
or
triflingsum
gebb.
see
kukd,
*gukd,
W.
cainc,
sakil,surculus.
SI.
; Ch.
gangnati,
Ir. ger
SI.
zvega,
sound.
murmur,
root-accented
form
oi
faigh, q.v.
Ir.
giall,faucibus
; the G. form
Ag. S. ceafl,Eng. jowl ; perhaps
or
ciobhall
SI.
driblet
Ir.
are
of
crop
E.
Cf.
all
(H.S.D.),
ground
[r. gnig,
branch,
low
the
from
giulan
geug,
whence
chasm,
geo.
Swedish
Lat.
on
from
Ir.
; formed
mimus
geodh, geodha,
Ir.
from
Eng.
guistel, obses,
"^geistlo; 0.
H.
G.
Br.
goestl,
gisal,Ger.
gibeach,
neat
; for
0.
Ir.
sgibeach
geisel,Norse
gibbne,
1
Gaul.
gwystl, hostage,
Co-gestlos, *geislo-,
gisl, Ag. S. gisel.
See
bundle,
cirrus
Ir.
sgiobalt.
gib of giblion.
(M'E.)
gibein, a piece
giblean, April :
of a goose,
gibean (St Kilda), grease
giblion, entrails
solan
:
goose's stomach
turbot"?
*gebbi-; Ger. quappe,
gibneach, cuttle-fish:
of flesh
; from
from
23
the
194
ETYMO]X)GTCAT"
gidheadh,
"
Ir.
nevertheless,
though
"
; Lat.
(is)
it
DICTIONARY
gidheadh
id.
quid
for
See
older
an
and
co
cid-hed
ead/i.
gigean, geigean,
(Carm.) :
diminutive
little
native
form
of ceig, q.v.
gigean,
mass
man,
;
Ir. ; from
Sc.
so
gighis, a masquerade,
gpis, a mask, gi/sar, a
that
New
at
disguises himself
Year, gps, to
harlequin, one
M.
0.
Fr.
from
disguise,
Eng. gisen, dress, prepare,
{de)gviser
Eng. "h-guise.
But
cf. W.
gilb, a chisel : "^glbicarve.
yXd(j"(D,
gylyf,
; cf. Gr.
death
at
master
revels
Cor.
sickle,
Ir.
Zimmer
E.
giolla,
thinks
worth,
to
sea-grass
Ir.
gilla
guilbneach,
from
in
the
of
q.v.
; cf.
the
instead
Christianity
(Wh.).
(1.
to
is borrowed
it
of full
stout, brawny,
converted
allied
gilh, foratorium,
S.
Norse
gildi%
gild, payment
of
names
Norsemen
slave.
inaol,
S.
Gille-fo-
gilm, a buzzard
:
gilmean, a fop, flatterer ; see giolam,
gimleid, a gimlet, Ir. gimlead ; from the English.
gin, beget, Ir. gcimm, M, Ir. genar,
w^as
born, 0. Ir. cid-gainemmar,
gein, birth,
renascimur,
*gen6,
nascor
become,
Lat.
y"vo"s,
Br.
geni, nasci,
genui,
gigtio,
Eng.
race;
W.
kin
; Skr.
begat
j ana,
root
in
as
gen
Gr.
ycyvofiaL,
stock, jdndtni,
race,
gin, anyone.
beget. Hence
gineal, offspring, W.
genill ; Ir. ginealach,
ginealach, M. Ir. genelach, genealogy, from
born,
ganet,
generation,
Lat.
G.
genealogia,
gin.
of
gioball
above.
giodaman,
a
perky
giodar, dung, ordure
fellow
compared
Arran,
giOgan,
'^gegurannd
Lat.
; also
thistle
for
; root
gingrum,
giuraing,
giog, cringe
(H.S.D.
shell
as
geg
that
peep" (M'A.) :
(Sh., O'R. giogim)
geadh, q.v.
giuran.
Also
goose.
fish
in
bores
holes
"
solicit
giolmhaim,
giolam, gileim,
tgiolc, reed, Ir. giolcach, E. Ir. gilco-cJi
:
tattle, Ir.
in
Fick
In
has
Is.
wreckage.
of
(iAICLiC
THE
OF
195
LANGUAGE.
gith,
See
motion.
way,
above
word.
the
same
source
"
serving ;"
well
manage
cf. Ir.
giiimsgal, flattery
giuram, complaining,
From
footman.
gille.
as
g'iullaich, prepare,
gestmu.
gero,
giulla,
from
and
giolla above,
Ir.
idea
the
being
giollas, service.
as
in
guth,
mournful
noise
(H.S.D.)
(\.\.
wood,
resinous
pine, Ag.
S.
Ir. gae.
glace, hand,
glag,
noise
of
sing,
noise
anything
;
mill
Eng.
klaka, chatter
of onomato-poesy
"^'kiz-n
gis
; Ger.
fir,Jciefer{kien-fohre),
(Schriider).
Cf.
gi$
root
of
handful
babbler, glagan,
Scotch
Iden-haum,
fir-wood,
cew,
gaison,
glac, take, seize, Ir.,
0.
cry,
grasping, E. Ir.
"^glapko- (*?),
Eng. clasp. See glas.
falling, noise, horse-laugh, Ir. glagaire, a
clapper *glag-k")-; {h\ yAa^\o (^c^lagjo),
:
clack.,M.
bird-like
about
; also
these
Eng.
clacke,
mill
Eng. clap.
There
Cf.
clag.
words
clack,
Norse
is
degree
"^glag-^-md-;
196
ETYMOLOGICAL
glainne, ^laine,
a
gem,
is pure
glaiseach, foam
glaisleun,
leun
Ir.
lesser
glaistig,water
glaiss, same
spear-wort
lean,
or
; from
E.
Ir.
gloine, glaine,
swamp
imp
; from
root
W.
obs.
from
smith's
Ger.
vice
(Sh.),
(Cameron).
Ir.
; from
glaishun
SoCarm.
water.
,7/a.s,
klemmem,
glamhsa,
as
snap
which
; from
idea
of
glas
M.diUX
as
Glana
in
open
Ir.
klombr,
of
vice,
glamhsan,
glamhus,
has
open
(Wh.).
chasm
glaii,W.
glain,
Br.
shows, yXy]V7],
eyeball,yeXdv,
glutton
The
glaim, howling.
possibly a leaning on
H.S.D.
glaim.
and
glashtyn,
smith's
Ir.
compare
w4th
gldm, devour,
noise
chops. Glomhas,
glan, clean, pure, Ir., 0
name
Norse
pinch, jam.
by a dog ; for form,
is an
aspirated form
murmur,
G
is similarly from
the
the
giais,
glas.
as
kelpie, etc.
gl^m, devour, Ir. gldmaim,
devour, gobble, gldmaire,
Ch.
SI.
Sc. glam.
^glad-s-mo-;
gladu, hunger.
glamair,
glain,
clean.
glan,
E,
stream,
what
DICTIONARY.
gfnn,
; Gr.
shine
(Hes.), and
shine
Gaul,
river
yA."/v"a,
yXaivol,bright
root
glai, from
(Hes.), from
Eng. clean
comes
(thus : gle, gla : glei,glai).
glang, a ringing noise ; see gliong.
glaodh, a cry, call, Ir. glaodh, M. Ir. gloed, a shout ; cf. 0. Ir.
hrddate, sound, Gr. yAwo-o-a,tongue
adglddur, appello, Skr.
and
0. Ir. *gldid,
G. would
then
be from
(*ykiD9ia 1), Ir.
an
from
*glddi-. Hence
glaodhar, glaoran, a noise, prating
0. Ir. gloidim, ringo.
from
glaodh, glue, Ir. glaodh, M. Ir. glded, E. Ir. glded ; "^gloi-do-,
1. E
gloi, glei,be sticky ; Gr. yXotd, yXta, yXivrj,
glue : Lat.
SI. glenu, mucus
gluten ; Ch.
kle.i,slime.
day, Ger.
; Eng.
ornamentation
W.
glud
which
and
glaodhan, pith
gluey
glaomar,
M.
of wood
Br. ghd
; from
from
are
glaodh,
the
the
Lat.
idea
being
"
resinous
or
stuff."
foolish
(Dial.):
person
of wood-sorrel:
of
glaoran, blossom
glei.
glas, a lock, Ir., 0. Ir. glas : '^glapsd; Eng. clasp.
glas, grey, Ir. glas, green,
pale, E. Ir. glass, W., 0. W., Br. glas,
^^^Zas^o-,
glast, sheen (Bez.),root glas, to
green
; Ger.
green
which
Ger. glass, Eng. glass,are
probably allied.
Ir.
0. Ir. gle, bright, W.
gl^, very,
gl^, very, pure,
gloew, bright,
0.
W.
I.
E.
ghlei-,shine ; Eng.
gloiif, liquidum : ^gleivo-,
Ger.
Gr.
gleam, glimmer,
glimmen
x^'^^^ x\iap6"i,warm
;
(Kluge). Bez. refers it to the root of Eng. clean (see glan).
:
THE
OP
gleac,
E.
197
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
Ir.
gleic : *glekki-,*uleg-ko-^I.
E.
S.
'pLtyeu, Eiig. pledge^ play ; Skr. glah,
gLeyho, wager
; Ag.
in
wappenshaw.
play at dice, cast
deed
gleadh, an
onset,
(H.S.D.) ; cf. Ir. gleo, g. gliadk^ tumult,
E.
Ir.
gliad,
battle
gleadh,
tricks
rach, shout,
noise
; cf. Norse
gleMr,
Christmas
gletJr,
games,
Ir.
gliadrach, loquacious.
Eng. glad.
also
is glegar, which
stem
glechrach means
"noisy," the
edited
{^Mart. Gorman,
by Stokes).
appears
gleann, a glen, so Ir., E. Ir. glenn, glend, W. glan, brink, shore,
Br.
M.
Br.
glenn, country,
glann, river bank
"^glennos (a
:
Stokes
M.
H.
G.
neuter
klinnen, Swiss
s-stem).
compares
Norse
klunna, cling to.
Mdnen, to climb, Norse
gil %
gl^idh, preserve,
keep, Ir. gleithim, keep, clear up, cleanse, E. Ir.
See
clear, put in order, lay by.
gle for root,
gUim, make
and
also gleus.
gleithir, a gadfly (M'D., Sh., O'K.) : *glegh- ; cf. Sc. cleg,Norse
kleggi,gadfly.
about
the eyes
gleb, dazzling haziness
:
gleog, a drooping, sillylook ; cf. sgleogair.
g'le6id,a sloven, Ir. gleoid. See sgleoid.
Ir. gleosg. See next
word.
gleoisg, ^leosg, a vain, sillywoman,
gleoman, a silly,stupid fellow, Ir. gleodkmdn
:
wild
gleorann, cresses,
angelica, Ir. gleorann, wild angelica ; cf
E. Ir. glebir, sheen,
Ir. gleordha, bright ; root
M.
is likely
that
of gle {^glivo-ro-).
gleus, order, trim, tune, Ir. gleus, E. Ir. gles ; for root, see
gleidh
adduces
E.
and
and
Strachan
Ir.
takes
glese, brightness,
gle.
allied
it from
to Ger.
glanz, splendour, Eng. glance,
"^glent-t-,
Cf. W.
gleusda, diligent,
glwys, fair, pleasant. Hence
of hair, Ir. glib : *glh-bi; cf. Eng.
t glib, a lock
cli}). Hence
Eng. glib.
glib, sleet, glibshleamhuinn,
slippery with sleet (Sh., who
gives
Sc. glib,slippery, Eng. glib.
glib, slippery) ; from
Gr.
glic, wise, Ir. glic, 0. Ir. glicc : ^glkki-. Stokes
compares
G. the Sc. gleg.
from
KaAxatvo), ponder, and takes
stir
glidich, move,
:
Dialects
for grinn), Ir.
glinn, pretty, (Strathspey and Lochbroom
Ir.
merriment,
glinn, bright
gliog, gliogar,
onomatopoetic
Eng.
tinkling, clink,
root.
If E.
Ir.
gliogar
an
198
ETYMOLOGICAL
gliogram,
staggering
a
"
making
Ir.
Cf.
DICTIONARY
from
idea
the
gliogar^
(jlingin^drunkenness.
noisebeing
G.
gliogach,
"
Also
unstable.
clumsy,
fellow
; cf.
Ir.
yliomach,
lobster,
gliong, ringing noise, Ir. glionc (O'R.) ; allied to, or from, the
Eng. clink, Teut. kling.
gliostair,a clyster ; from the Eng.
glitichd,a blubbering, crying :
note
dock, cluck,
gloc, the clucking of a hen, noise, loud
; Eng.
W.
clwc ; Lat. glocire ; etc.
Onomatopoetic.
the
Sc.
tliroat ; from
gloc, swallow
greedily, glochdan, a wide
glock, gulp, glog, swallow
hastily,E. Eng. gluccheii, gulchen,
swallow
greedily, Ger. glucken, gidken, klucken.
glochar, a wheezing, difficult respiration, Ir. ylocharnach ; cf. Sc.
make
glag, glagger,
glugger,
make
to
noise
noise
in
in
throat
the
the
thi'oat
if
as
choking,
Allied
swallowing.
to
gloc, etc.
taken
in bed
gloc-nid, a morning dram
gloc and iiead.
; from
in
chasm
Lewis
N. gljufr.
names
glodhar, ravine,
(Kintyre) ;
one"
unstable
glog, a soft lump, glogair, a stupid fellow :
; from
"
glug, gluig.
glog, a sudden, hazy calm,
dozing (M'A.) :
clew.
glonn,
root
H.
deed
of
G.
of
gal
klenan.
valour,
cleave.
Ir.
glonn,
be
See
E.
gel,
fikkwa, slime,
sglongaid.
Ir.
use
of the
Ir.
glonn,
above
E.
Ir.
glond,
deed
*gl-onno-,
Lat.
volo-,fly, Gr.
glonn,
crime
"
facinus"
word.
glothagach, frog'sspawn
(Sh., O'li.):
E.
Ir.
gluais, move,
Ir.,
gluaisim, 0.
root
Gr.
slimy,
glen,
/iaAAw
Ir.
glua^-
So
Dr
from
"^gl-eutiso-,
Cameron.
OF
199
LANGUAGE.
TtAELTC
THE
above.
glug
beget,
gen,
as
in
gno,
gnob,
gnog,
bunch,
knock
tumour
; from
Ir.
gin.
gnim
the
from
"^gnemu-
d^an, ni,
Hence
Ir., E.
; cf.
do,
gne,
rinn.
g7Ld, derision.
Ir.
Eng.
; root
knob.
knock.
Eng.
gnogach,
(H.S.D.) ;
sulky (Sh., O'Pv., etc.),gnoig, a surly frown
cf. gnu,
griiig.
gnoigean, ball of rosin put on horns of vicious cattle (Skye) :
gnoimh, visage, grin (Arm., M'D., M'A.) ; giioimh (Rob.) ; cf.
gnitis.
gnoin,
gnomh,
shake
scold
and
of
grunt
'
"
swine's
gndmhan,
of
gnos,
word,
allied
to
Lat.
ypv7ro";,
grossachd
grunnirc, grunt,
Gr.
an
ypv,
gndsd.
;
long-vowel
form
(especiallyof
snout
large
Ir.
gromh,
See
Eng. grunt, grumph.
groaning (of an
animal), grunting
grunt,
gnomh
a
(MA.)
(M'A.), for
person
pig
onomatopoetic
"
snout
bent,
^grupsoGer.
; Gr.
krumm.
having a
pig), Ir. gros, grosmch,
hook-nosed,"
yp^x/y,a grifhn,
"
200
ETYMOLOGICAL
low
(jnomh, grunt,
and
see
DICTIONARY
of
noise
Ir.
cow,
gnbmhaii.
gnmachd
Ir.
Aran
*grum-so
gnosacht^
grunt
of
pig.
business,
gnothach^
gnothaidhe)
See
gnuis,
and
root
goii,
gnou
gen,
Ir. go,
Ir.
etc.
Bezzenberger
Persian
alternatives
liar
Lit.
xa^^i'o?,
spongy,
Gr.
false, or
ziir,
Br.
gau,
a
yavcrdSa'i,
crooked,
several
gives
W.
gdo, gdu,
go,
(Ir. yavtros,
*gobbo,
SI.
(fern,^-declension
abyss.
X^os,
a
gnuis,
griiig.
and
gnb
gnu.
Cf.
or
See
surly.
know,
Eng.
lie, fraud, 0.
pri-gduti, deceive,
/nwtv.
active, Eng.
gnavus,
ir.
Ir., 0.
see
'^'gavo-.
(Ernault).
gob,
Lat.
(pi.
root.
know,
look
frowning
lie,fault,
for
face, countenance,
"^gnusti- :
go,
gnatk^
gnathuigh), gnb
(pron.
i^urly,parsimonious, gnugach,
the
gnuth,
gnofhuig
^'gnavo-, active,
gniomh
giiOj
gnu^
Ir.
it
compares
; Skr.
eat
{*gobh-n6-)
Zend
to
Ir.
gop-choel, lean-jawed
yaix^rjXai,ya/x^at, jaws
; Gr.
root
E.
jambhas,
zafan,
mouth
Ch.
Stokes
tooth.
ship
relation-
The
Gobann-
^gobdn-
(Windisch),
comb
allied,
be
ousel
gobhal,
and
; also
gaol
for which
the
gob.
see
then
root
be
Gr.
in
as
L'dt.faberniny, however,
Gohha-uisge,
gkob.
water
gobha-dubh.
Ir.
fork,
gobh,
; root
gabhal,
^gabalu-
Eng.
0.
fork, gable,
Ger.
gable,
Ir.
gabel,
W.
gabul,
fork
gaji, Br.
K^^aXy],
; Gr.
head.
gobhar,
as
I. E.
gamhuinn,
Gaul,
goc,
ab
gocaman,
in
an
g6dach,
ceann,
gafr.
Corn,
gauar,
Br.
; but
the
of
^m
Eng.
usher, attendant,
root, cf
cuckoo
ghim
; from
{^Western Isles,p.
gok-man, look-out
For
W,
could
ghim
change
not
to
gabro-.
cock
tap,
gabor,
caper
stem
Ir.
Ger.
.
man.
10
sentinel, or
man
(Arms.
gucken,
Norse
of one's
peep.
gaukr,
look-out
c")ckinan;
.5)gockmin,
giddy, coquettish
tossing
cock.
Mackinnon
from
says
Norse, gauksman
cuckoo
(Sh., etc.) ;
head
(Wh.).
; Sc.
cf.
; Martin's
man
Scandinavian
it is
\
Danish).
gauk ma"r,
gowk.
gabhd.
Godadh
nan
OF
godsag,
gog,
titbit
THE
201
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
nod, tossing of
the
head,
godadh
cock,
Eng.
(Arg.).
gogaid, a giddy female, Ir. gog aide ; from Eng., Fr. coquette.
gOgail, cackling, noise of liqnor issuing from a cask, Ir. gogallach
Also
The
words
Eng. cackle.
goglais.
are
onomatopoetic.
gog'an,
wooden
milk-pail,
also
; from
cogan
Sc.
cogue,
cog,
q.v.
Ir. gataiin
^gad-do
\ root
gad, ghad,
seize
; Gr.
"
kink.
"^X^crAos
=
goillir, a
land
goimh,
Lat.
Skr.
bird
Lewis
in
ghas, eat,
of
the
swallow.
size
(Arms.) :
anguish, pain, Ir. goimh
of
the
swallow,
which
comes
to
winter
gemo,
groan,
Ch.
SI.
^gorni-, root
gom,
press,
gem,
zimu,, compress.
gar,
near,
q.v.
24
202
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
goirt,
I. E.
gher,
goirtean,
Ir.
sour,
sore,
0.
field
Ir,
in
hortus
goirt, bitter
^gorti-,
Ir.
field,
goirtin, gort, garden, corngarth, enclosure, Br. garz
(do.) :
croft,
W.
x^P'^^'^')
straw-yard
Gr.
Ir.
garbh.
corn,
seges,
E.
salt,
sore,
as
of
gort,
Lat.
*goTto- ;
garth,
rough,
be
little
yoi7%
Eng.
garden,
etc.
Christmas,
(pi. -an), guisers, waits, singers about
(Carm.) :
Ir. gaisde, 0. Ir. goiste, suspendium.
gdisinn, goisne, a snare,
g^oisear
etc.
Cf.
gaoisid.
g'oisridh, company,
g'Oisdidh, gossip,
M.
Eng.
gasraidh.
people ; see
godfather,
godsibhe,
Ir.
M.
goistibe,
godfather
from
gossip.
now
gon,
bewitch,
I. E.
wound,
battle,
gunnr,
gonan,
roots
grass
root
root
; Gr.
toss
famine,
the
head
colour"),
warm
Ir.
gorta,
0.
from
Eng. grab.
abhorrence
Cf.
Ir.
skittish, haughty
G.
gar
dusky : gorsmo-,
(Stokes).
gorget.
or
:
gart, goirtean.
see
gorte
I.
wish
Eng.
gher,
E.
desire,
yearn.
crow's
greas,
crap,
Ir.
Ir.
of
See
grad,
from
guth.
grabadh
apparently
Romance
prehensio,
graffo.
grabhdil
hens,
Ir.
from
Eng.
grave,
gragoill, clucking
engrave.
of
hen,
grdg.
grod
"^groddo-,
root
grod,
gred,
as
q.v.
Ir.
crowing.
sudden,
gothach, noisy
hindrance,
W.
Norse,
pride.
got/i,,
prating noise, M.
interrupt, grabadh,
grabh,
*gond,
gwrm,
in
as
Ir.
contemptuously
Sh., O'R.)
gothlam,
grab,
W.
blue,
hit
Eng. joy.
gaudium,
Ir. gorm,
Gr.
Skr.
exulting,
yavpos,
Eng.
cuirass, gorget ; from
Ir. gort
field, standing corn,
gonim
cona.
Ir., E.
("
(do.) ;
Ir.
Oclvm,
cfiovos,
slaughter,
gundea
Lat.
free,
E.
wounding,
want
goth,
G.
H.
cf.
warm
goirt,
gort,
ghen
0.
;
green,
gor,
gorsaid,
t gort,
be
gnu,
blue,
gorm,
Gr.
;
gorach,
gonadh,
Ir.
the
foresaid
form
of
kilned
corn,
granda,
q.v.
by burning
Ir.
gradan.
its straw,
Cf.
the
greadan.
meal
derived
in
THE
OF
gradh, love,
Lat.
Ir.
E.
grddh,
Ir.
grdd
203
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
*grddo-,
Skr.
*grd-dho-,
gurdhdya,
root
; Gr.
praise
grd
yepas,
honour,
gradran,
of
croaking
grag,
M.
cry,
H.
Ir.
crows,
Cf.
words.
G.
See grdg.
onomatopoetic.
poetic
Onomatogrdg ; Eng. croak, crake.
grdq, Lat. graculus, gracillare, hen's
of hens
noise
complaining
I. E.
kragelen, cackle.
(Sh., O'B., etc.), Ir. gragaire
(O'B.),grdgaire
glutton
(Con.) :
graigh, stud, flock of horses ; see greigh.
g'rain,abhorrence, disgust, Ir. grdiu, E. Ir. grdin, W. graen, grief,
horrible,
rough : '^gragni- (Strachan, Stokes). Ch. SI. groga,
Ir.
the
"horrent
from
one";
grailieag, a hedgehog,
grdineog :
grag'air,
above.
grdin,
Ir.
Some
W.
granum,
grdiiitie, 0.
Cor.
graivu.
is borrowed
Ir.
Latin.
gramur,
kiln-dried
gran,
granda,
a
grain (H.S.D.)
Ir.
gy-dn, corn,
ugly,
Ir.
granda,
; from
grdin,
fork,
graip, dung
Ir., M.
Ir.
0.
Ir.
grdn
E.
granna,
Ir.
see
grdinne.
grdnde,
grdnna,
q.v.
grdpa
W.
Ir.
grain,
grada,
teter, dirus
grapa,
of
greun,
(Stokes).
corn
the
from
grdinne,
Br.
gronen,
{^gPno-) ; Eng.
grdnum
Celtic
the
sgraing.
Ir.
quantity,
Lat.
that
Cf.
grainc.
; from
; from
Sc.
grai'p.
Lat.
grds,
gratia.
grace,
gra"
grath, terror
:
(Dial.,H.S.D.)
grathuinn, a while ; for '*'trdthain,from
trdth, influenced
hj greis'i
gread, wound,
whip, burn, Ir. greadaim ; cf. W. greidio, scorch :
*grtiddo- ; root ghredh ; cf. Eng. grind, Lat. frendo, "^ghrendho
gras,
(St.).
also
Eng.
grist,
Lat.
hordeum.
Swedish
grddda,
be
bake,
greadan,
Cf.
compared.
may
considerable
time
(M'A.)
; from
with
one's
all
might
at
anything
gread.
from
Cf. gradan.
Ir. greadog
gread.
parched corn
;
^
allied.
Cf.
greidell, are
means
"griddle." ^ng. griddle,
grist, hordeum, Kptdq.
Ir.
gread|iuinn, a convivial
greadhan,
party, liappy band.
greadhanach, drolling, G. greadlinach, joyful ; root gred, go,
greadan,
as
in greas,
q.v.
M.
Ir.
gredan, exulting
shouts.
Root
X'^P^-
204
DICTIONARY.
ETYMOLOGICAL
"
beard, W.,
beard
of
tangled
Br.
corn
Fr.
Prov.
Albanian
lip ;
Norse
cat,
or
hair,
eyelid, cilium
grann,
grd)i, moustache,
0.
gren,
Fr.
granne,
Span. *^rma,
of cheek
beard
grenon,
greanndag,
krmide.
; Ger.
*grendd
Hence
tatter.
rag,
and
greannar.
hasten,
greas,
Ir.
urge,
greasuighim,
M.
Ir.
gressim
"^gred-to-;
ghredh,
from
gris,
greidil,
; Lat.
lire.
t-slissin
Ir. in
gretli,
gratell ; from
Late
Lat.
Eng. crate,
graticida, from
cratis, wicker-work,
the
hurdle.
M.
are
grill,
gredel,
Eng. griddle,
Eng
grate,
the Celtic
words.
Skeat
has
same
as
suggested gread above
the origin of the
Celtic
forms
as
griddle.
; cf. Ir. greaddg, a
bannocks
Hence
the
for turning
on
greidlean, an instrument
the griddle.
dress, Ir. greasaim ; see greis. Greidhear, gre'ar,
greidh, prepare,
grieve (N. Gael.).
greigh, a stud of horses, Ir., M. Ir. groigh, E. Ir. graig, W. gre :
flock ; Gr.
^gragi- ; Lat.
heaps ; 0. H. G.
grex,
yapyapa,
Sean.
hold,
strength,
hold,
morsel,
W.
x^^P^ hand,
Gr.
refers
eat, Norse
greis,
while,
I. E.
M.
ghredh
Norse
greis, greus,
E.
Ir.
haras,
dainty.
onset, slaughter,
; from
semper,
Skr.
greim, greimm, a
^gredsmen- ; root
grip.
Stokes
from
krds,
prowess,
Ir.
Greim,
greim, hold, strength.
^gresmen, a bite, Skr. grdsati, devour,
to
attack
0.
Ir.,
so
force, strength
grym,
greim, morsel,
greis,
W.
herd.
quarter,
greim,
0.
Ir.
as
root
of greas
champion,
above
Gr.
ypdo),
E.
Ir.
gress,
gress,
(Stokes).
do
glireas, always, 0. Ir. do gres,
gress,
do-gres : ^gr end-to-, going on, root grend, gred,
in
greas.
kriiigr,round,
any
separates
morsel, he
do
work
of art
gives ^grencs-,
Strachan
Ger.
kring.
embroidery, needle-work,
gress,
gher,
the
Ir.
hold,
or
Ir.
trade
See
and
pares
com-
treis.
ohair-ghreis,from
greusaich.
; see
greas,
OP
greod,
crowd
(Arg.) ;
GAELIC
THE
from
205
LANGUAGE.
crowd.
Eng.
the
of
thighs, greosgach, grinning (H.S.D.) :
expansion
*grencs- ; Norse
kringr, round, Ger. kring.
gre6s,
greusaich,
griasaich, shoemaker,
any
shoemaker
Ir.
furniture,
greasaidhe,
greid^ dress, broider, I. E. ghrei,
worker
rub
embroidery or
GadeUc
"^greid-to:
;
Gr. XP^^^i XP^I^^j hide,
in
what
grianan,
gives heat,
See
sun.
place, summer
sunny
under
further
solarium
house,
warm,
; W.
Hence
grios.
of Lat., from
sol, sun.
"
cobbler
fish ; from
fish :
griasaich, a species of aculeated
griasaich,shoemaker,
grid, substance, quality ; from Sc. grit,grain of stones, grit, grain,
Hence
grideil, industrious
Eng. grit
(M'A.).
the
Charles'
constellation
of
a
grigirean,
wain, grigleachan,
constellation
grioglackan.
; see
matter
root
grileag, a grain of salt, any small
greis,
:
*gris-il-,
gravel, as in grinneal.
grimeach, grim, surly ; from Eng. grim, Norse
grimmr.
warlike
Ir.
grimeil,
(H.S.D.),
grimeamhuil (Lh., O'B.),grim, war
;
"
from
the
Norse
grinn, pretty,
gher,
grinneal,
a
as
in
grimmr,
Ir.
grinn,
grian, grws.
bottom
river, sand
of
the
of the
E.
fierce,wroth
Ir.
Cf.
sea,
sea,
root
Ir.
gravel,
sea
W.
grian, gravel (*greisano-),
grain of gravel.
Rhys (Hib. Lect.,
Ir.
constellation.
griomacach,
grioman, a
certain
species
of
lichen,
malt
grios, entreat,
from
For
bud
grass
(H.S.D.)
incite, rake
griosach.
(H.S.D.)
up
fire ;
^06
ETYMOLOGICAL
griosach,
burning
M.
embers,
heat
root
Ir.
embers,
Ir.
of
gar,
heat
griosach,
E.
giissach,
"^grens,*grns,
ghe7-
DICTIONARY
ghram.sa,
Hence
q.v.
of
fire, burning
qris, fire, embers, Br. groez,
Ir.
; Skr.
coals
sun,
heat, sunshine
inflammation
gTis,
Ir.
gris,
pimple.
; from
horror
Sc.
griae, to shudder,
horrible, Eng. grisly/.
M.
also
and
groupe
grave.
borrowed
shrivelled
woman
grobag, a poor
of
or
a
point
rock,
groban, top
:
(N.H.)
mugwort
groban,
croak,
groc,
frown
grod, rotten,
whey \ a
groganach,
E.
; from
on
Ir.
grot,
metathesis
wrinkled
of
G.
; from
hillock
groh.
:
Eng. croak.
gruiten, stale
goirt
word,
butter,
small
curds
in
*?
(as heather),
Ir
wrinkle
gruig.
awkward
man
groigean,
groig, awkwardness,
; see
perverseness,
gritig.
the
Sc. groset, from
Fr.
0.
"^grosey
groiseid, a gooseberry ; from
whence
for
Eng. gooseberry
grooseherry.
grosele,goose-berry,
the
same
as
gromhan, a groaning, growling ;
gnbmhan.
of
snout
correct
spelling
;
gnos,
q.v.
gros,
the Eng.
grot a, a groat ; from
grt'thlach, a gravel pit,abounding in gravel (O'B., Sh., etc.),Ir.
gravel, Br. grouan.
grotlUach, W. gro, pebbles. Cor. grow,
From
these
Eng.
come
S.
grug,
gravel,
0.
Fr.
; cf.
Cf.
gravele.
Norse
x\g.
greot,
"
Cor.
grud,
maxilla
"^groudos.
Bez.
suggests the
idea
being
root
ghrud,
pounding,
ghreud, as in grotJdach, above, the
and
the
original force
mashing" (Lit. grusti, bray, pound),
Stokes
maxilla
and
macerate.
"jaw" : cf. Lat.
macero,
the root
of Eng. great.
Eng. proud ?
queries if it is from
(H S.D. for Heb.), birses (M'A.) ;
gruaigean, a species of sea-weed
one"
Miorcan
in Lewis.
little hairy
(Carm.), from gruag.
"
"
OF
gruaim,
"jrut^
Lat.
Stokes
grudair,
only
brewer,
Ch.
Ir.
^grousmeiL- ;
malt
grm/aire, grdid,
Ger.
meal,
grtlt,coarse
gruaim
root
greui^
brute, Lettic
dull, Eng.
(/ruts, heavy,
SI. sil-gruatiti
s", grieve over,
brutus,
cfs.
Tr.
surly look,
gloom,
207
LANGUAGE,
GAELIC
THE
^gritddi-; Aug.
grod
Dan.
griltze,groats,
gruid,
Hence
allied
Lit.
Sax.
grudas,
lees.
are
Gr.
"^grondo- ;
ypovOo'^,closed
0.
Ir.). Cf.
groundsel ; formed
(Stokes for
grunnasg,
grunnd,
bottom,
for
fist, Skr.
root
the
on
thrift
ground,
Eng.
Sc.
channel
in water,
ground.
grunndail, steadfast,
"^"grunn,grunt,
grunting ; from
griinsgul,
Norse
bottom
grunnr,
bottom
grund,
of
Hence
etc.
breid.
from
bind,
grantha,
sea
or
river, Eng.
or
solid, sensible.
grunnire, Eng.
Lat.
grunt.
gruth, curds,
crud,
Sc.
Ir.
Ir., M.
croivdie,croods
(Bez.).
Kai,
Skr.
; Gr.
curds
and
aev.
Eng.
curds,
will melt,
y/oiVet,
Ger.
butter
gruth
(Lh. Comp.
gruan
ypvrt^
kraue,n, Gr.
+
ypv,
M.
Eng.
{v long),
morsel.
im.
Voc.
sub
"jecur"):
go,
gu,
"^qos;
Ch.
Used
*grutu-
Eng. crumb,
liver,Ir.
root
gruth
0.
SI,
ku,
adverbially
to
in
W.
; cf.
gu
bw
in
Lat.
math,
bwy
usque
gu
h-olc.
gilydd, to its
for "^quos-que ?
Cf.
Gr.
K-a?,
-cas.
ember.
in hand
shoulder
shoulder
to
guaillich, go hand
;" see guala.
:
guaimeas, quietness ; see guamach.
guaineas, briskness, liveliness ; see guanach.
cuairt
?
guairdean, vertigo ; cf. Ir. guairdedn, whirlwind
; from
of the
head
guairsgeach
curled, crinitus, Ir, guaire, hair
; from
"
I.E.
gu,
bend,
as
in
guala.
208
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
Ir.
Ir.
gual
*g(Mlo-, '''geulo;
is allied
bend,
hand.
gdo,
Strachan
bent, stooping
neat,
Lettic
snug,
(O'Cl.) ;
gucag,
bubble,
root
solan
guga,
guanach,
of
guam
for
of
See
gualu,
g.
limb,
yvtov,
Old
Bactrian
;
the
give
Gr.
Br.
gub,
root
kvcJ^os(v long),
"
plentiful
M.
guamnach,
"
(Sh., O'R.),
Ir.
guamnacha,
above.
*gukko-,
Ger.
kugel, ball,
Eng. gudgeon, M. Eng. gojon.
leap (Arg.) :
:
on
wild
Ir. guga.
See
word
next
Ag. S. biddan,
Ir., E.
guil, weep,
Ir.
Ir.
gulban,
Cor.
*godio-,
word.
onomatopoetic
an
Ir.
guidhim,
ged, god,
root
for
I.E.
ghedh,
Got.
0.
guidhe,
bidjan,
Ir.
ask
ask,
bid.
guilim
"
beak,
wish,
Oea-aaa-dai, pray
Eng.
curlew
the
gylfant,
gngail.
fledgling :
guidhe, a prayer,
TTo^ew, desire,
guilbneach,
also
gugailim
guidh, pray,
guidiu, gude, guide
Gr.
Ir.
poultry,
chuck.
Eng.
gugairneach,
0.
Stokes
glo^
root.
gugail, clucking
Cf.
Eng.
Teutonic
; Gr.
(Lat. bura)
guamnach
bud
bell, globule,
goose,
gu,
also
the
bend
Ir.
E.
gualann,
g.
gheitbh, bend,
gubt, stoop.
Ir.
light, giddy,
active
from
root
and
smirking
(Arran) :
careful, managing
guanach,
I.E.
*gubl6n-,
stem
guamach,
it) ;
geul^ gut ;
W.
kohie, Eng. coal.
the
to
Eng. gloiv.
Ger.
kol, coals,
Norse
*kola-,
guassacht
g-uait
quit
glial, coal,
leave
or
"
Ir.
guais, 0.
0.
gal.
see
beaked
W.
one,"
E.
Ir.
gilbin, acumine,
gilb, foratorium,
geluin,
gulbnech,
W.
rostrum
beaked,
gplf, bill,beak,
:
"^gulbano- ;
Bez.
only
piston, knob, gun-stock.
compares
Cf.
Lit.
N.
gulbe, swan.
golbati, gnaw.
has
swan's
the
guillag, chattering of
guileag,
note, warbling (Sh.
guilleog) ; root gal, cry, call, Lat. gallus, cock,
birds, O'R.
kolben,
Ger.
Slovenic
Eng.
call
guileagan,
custom
guileagan
of
boiling eggs
(M'D.)
outside
Easter
on
Sunday
latha
guim,
conspiracy (Carm.) :
"^goni-; see
:
guin, a wound, 0. Ir. gum
guir, hatch, lie on eggs, gur, hatching,
cuim,
from
the
root
gor,
gar,
warm.
See
gon.
Ir.
gur^
gar.
W.
gori, to
brood
THE
OF
guirean,
E.
"
pimple,
Ir. gur,
"
heat
gur,
; root
gor,
gar,
gor,
209
LANGUAGE.
W.
pus,
GAELIC
in gar.
as
warm,
without,
gun,
So
O.H.G.
it
the
as
gun,
that,
gur,
cruaidh
that
is
first
; from
Ir. co,
and
co,
The
view
syllable
the
*vo-ouno-,
*co-ro
co-ro-bi
Kevo-.
Windisch
con.
latter
supported
by the
and
siders
con-
and
; Zim.
to
Thur.
explains the n
by the verbal
occasional
form
W.
from
gown,
Lat.
{*gwun).
gwn
ex-uo,
duti.
; from
M.
rruaid
verb
"to
Eng.
for
gu'n
see
c"rroi"
{ba,
in
root
shoes,
Ir.
0.
Eng.
Ir. gunna
gur
=
root,
chcCn.
aunii, put on
Ir., M.
gun,
Ir.
*co-sn,
0.
(see gu).
co, to
empty
/ceveog,
S. hin-.
with,
con^
the
on
See
Celtic
from
gunna,
prep,
Ir. guna
gown,
; Gr.
cen
Ir. go,
on,
from
as
relative
(?)
Lit.
the
being
conn
Gr.
that,
this
accent
Ir.
gu'n, gu'm,
regard
0.
gunne,
Uses
co.
is
corrop
be").
Gur
Eng.
are
Ir. gurab,
now
gunro,
gun.
Gur
:
ro-
con
(St.).
guraiceach,
guraiceach,
gurpan,
blockhead
(Sh.,H.S.D.)
unfeathered
bird, lump
Sc.
; from
crupper
blot
a
curpon,
(Arg.), from
Eng., 0. Fr.
giir.
croupon,
(Arg.) :
the hunkers
gurrach, gurraban, crouching, crouching on
: '^'gurOf.
in
Sc.
to
tha-,iYomgur^ brooding as
"hunker,"
guirl
curr,
The
Perthshire
curraidh,
a
cower.
currie,
stool, Eng.
hunkering, is from Scotch.
gurrach, fledgling,gurach (Arg.):
of look ; also gart, q.v.
gurt, fierceness, sternness
gurracag,
gus,
to, Ir.
gus,
the
article
the
consonant
or
0.
Ir.
cossin, to the,
The
relative,
of
co
anything (Arg.) :
gusair, sharp, keen, strong,
to
of the
which
; prep,
article
is
gu,
and
co,
preserved
after
qos).
gus,
Ir.
calls ; Ch.
SI. zova,
to
call.
force,
groan
This
25
is
210
ETYMOLOGICAI;
different
I.E.
from
DICTIONARY
/?o?i,shout,
Gr.
gu,
Lat.
bovare,
cry
(Prellwitz,Osthoff).
i, she,
Tr.
si, 0. Ir.
^,
sie,they
iach,
yell, cry,
from
ezp^ of
t iach,
iad, they,
Ir.
Ir. eh, g.
E.
; Lat.
E.
tad,
esox
Ir.
E.
the
confusion
0.
iat,
of roots
iar
Lat. facio.
Skr.
Ger.
ea,
sin.
so.
sa,
*eicto-,*eig-to-,
root
; and
It has
ptdayti,
only
nt
These
have
the
were
Stokes
Of
nt.
of
ending
detached,
similarly says
pi. added.
verbal
of the
they, W.
plur. in
iat, siat
on
Celtic).
from
say
Cor.
3rd
end.
api-ddnd, a
Skr.
ddmo
also
is
lock
dho, dhe,
from
correlated
been
to
{"^pisdd),from
press
3rd
the
existence."
the
ehaivc.
(borrowed
with
:
says
; later
W.
eog,
*epi-ddm6,
under
"7rt
with
*ei-dho-^
for
ddmo,
si,
See
in olseat-som,
"
hwy
they are se
Ir.
ead ; see
iadach, jealousy,
Ir. iadhaim,
iadh, encompass,
*eidd6,
izokin
"
Ir.
ei, sjo
3rd
and
Br.
?ac^, W.,
Basque
Invynt
Ir.
^si ; Got.
eigh.
*esa.r
eAo_^:
hi
Br.
W.,
si,
1. E.
sjo-,sjd- (Brug.).
iachdadh, 0. Ir. iachtaim
Ir.
salmon,
M,
t,
s7/d:
; Skr.
for
Ir. iadaim
it into
*e^-
epi, see
Gr.
place, Gr.
Gr.
tlOt^ixl,
7rt"^o/Aat,
press,
pise, stamp,
press,
Lat.
pistor, etc.
ial, moment,
a
gleam
season,
metaphoric
dfireannach
iall,a thong,
t iall, a flock
dd
Ir.
of
clutch
of
iall.
Galway
iall, moment,
iail
shaoghal.
iall, E.
birds,
Ir. iall
Ir.
tXif].Hence
^eisla,Gr.
or
use
of sunshine
iall, a
eallach
*peisla
flock
; cf.
of
(St.).
pileus, felt,etc.
birds,
E.
Ir.
iall, grex
of chickens.
on,
Skr.
dpi,
Lit.
ape,
to, on,
Lat.
ob.
See
air{c).
iar, an iar, siar, west, Ir. iar, siar, 0. Ir. iar, occidens, aniar
See ear
for force.
special use of the prep, iar above.
iarbhajl, anger, ferocity; from air and boile 1
of a disease
remains
iarbhail, a consequence,
:
Ir.
of
a
iargainn, pain,
iargan, groans
(O'B.); from
dying man
and
gon.
air
OF
iargail,
the
THE
twilight,
evening
west,
iargcdl (Con.)
from
iargalta, churlish,
211
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
and
iar
Ir.
cul,
iargul,
bacl^
district,
remote
behind,"
"
west.
(M'A.), Ir.
backward.
iarculta, churlish,
iargall, battle, contest, so Ir., 0. Ir. irgal: air + gal, the a*V being
a?r(a). See gal.
iarg^huil,sound, noise ; see uirghioll.
Norse
iar la, an
Ir. ia,rla ; from
jarl, Eng. earl.
earl, Ir. iarla, M
W.
has
larll.
iarmad,
remain.
iarmailt,
mar.
"^jiarmaint,Ir. jiormaimeint,
ha.t. firmamentum.
firmimenti (g.); from
the
firmament,
for
Cf.
Jirmeint, E. Ir.
Tormailt, Norman.
Ir. ia7nia,
chain
hank
of yarn,
iarna, a hank
or
a
Eng. yarn.
with
iarunn.
iron ; from
iarnaich, smooth
an
0.
Ir.
iarogha, great grandson,
iarmui, abnepotes
ogha :
post-nepos."
.Ir.
; from
of yarn
iar
; from
and
"
iarr
Ir.
ask, Ir.,E.
iarraim,
root
*iarn-ari-, ''after-go,"
Gr.
Corn,
hoern,
ferrei
ostii
0.
only
different
whence
go,
Br.
iarund,
hoiarn,
; Got.
(allborrowed
Stokes, etc.). Shriider
mann,
for root.
Ir.
^eisarno-
seeking, iaralr
iron
eisen, Kng.
as
(pjar, per,
vowel-scale
0.
Br.
Ir.
Celtic
from
regards
H.
0.
eis
the
or
ayos,
isarno-
isarn,
according
of I. E.
form
Gaul,
houarti,
eisarn,
haiarn,
W.
iarn,
is
to
Ger.
Brug-
of eisarno-
ayes-,
metal,
Lat.
bibo
ic, cure,
ic, an
; Skr.
heal,
pibamt.
so
Ir. ;
see
idir, at
all,
Ir.
entei, the
ifrinn, hell,
idir,
stem
Ir.
0.
of the
ifrionn,
ioc.
put
Ir.
under
itir, etir
prep,
E. Ir.
beehive
:
(Carm.) ;
*enteri,
Sc. eik.
locative
case
of
eadar,
q.v.
ifern{d),0.
Ir.
ifurim
; from
Lat.
infernum,
igh,
tallow
ith, g. itha,
Manx
eeh
root
pi,
pjei,Gr.
it
as
obsolete),M.
iriniv, Skr.
pinas,
Ir.
fat.
212
ETYMOLOGICAL
i^h, i, a burn,
the
ilbhinn,
Suth.
a
not
uidh,
(" Mar
jingle,
mere
ford,
etc.
ilbhinn
it
is
This
(Suth.).
banks
green
craige," Oss.
:
peaked
ailbhein
"
"
means
many
heann.
butter,
Ir.
Eng.
Ir.
vb.
im-, about,
also
unguo,
Ir.
E.
'^emhensmear
or
Cor.
imh, W. ymenyn.
*7jiben-; Lat. unguen,
Ger.
; Skr.
butter
anke,
ointment.
salve,
iol-.
see
Coneys),
amantn
amann,
unguent,
dnjas,
He, diversity ;
(g. ime,
Br.
amenen^
with
intensive
is the
prefixiveform
imcheist, anxiety, doubt,
and
of
mountain
if
ileach, variegated,
im,
with
stream
pronunciation
craggy
Ballad)
ioi +
small
DICTIONARY
force,
Ir.
m.u,
q.v.
of prep.
0. Ir.
0.
im-,
Ir.
imm-
; it
iom-
Also
imchesti,
im-,
im-
; from
contentiones
ceist.
imeachd,
journeying, imich,
imthecht
thigh,
root
imisg, a sarcasm,
imleag, navel,
from
im-
and
imtheachd, imthighim., 0.
teachd, tighinn : imich, is for
go,
Ir.
Ir.
im-
innlec,imlecdn
"^im-isc
for
iyiileacan,imlinn,
:
ofjLcfiaXos
; Eng.
Ir.
E.
"^emhilion-, "^embilenkonavel
Skr.
inisg.
isc,see
imhliu,
ndbhUa
nabhi,
ace.
imblind,
umbilicus
Lat.
;
I. E.
Gr.
onbhelo-,
nobhelo:
With
about-lick."
imlich, lick, Ir. imlighim, lighim ; im-lighim.
lighim is cognate 0. Ir. ligim, I lick, W. llyaxo,llyad, licking,
Br.
leat (do.): *leigd, "^ligo
Lat.
lingo; Gr, Aeiyw ; Eng.
;
lick ; Ch.
SI. lizati (to lick); Skr.
lihati.
: "^inbiimnidh, care, diligence,Ir. imuidhe, 0. Ir. imyied, tribulatio
of menmna.
Ascoli
men
analyses the 0. Ir. as
7)ien-et()-,root
"
"^imb-an-eth, root
an,
breathe.
impidh, a prayer
iompaidh.
; see
impis, imis, imminence, an
impis,
catha,
imminence
of
battle,
to, almost, M.
about
of tbiseach
ved
root
Ir. iinese
(Stokes).
.
imreasaD,
Ir.
0.
imreasdn,
Ir.
imbresan,
altercatio,
controversy,
imbresnaim, I strive, W. ymrymn,
contention, dispute : "^imbibres-,root bres of M. Ir. bressa, contentions, battles, Br., Cor-
sennim,
imrich,
im
or
drive, "^svem-no-,allied
flit,Ir. imircim,
imbi-reg-, root reg, go,
remove,
"^
Windisch
suggests imm-eirge,
from
E.
and
to
Ir.
stretch
Eng. sivim.
tion
immirge, journey, expedi-
(as in rach).
Windisch
eirigh.
of
like
THE
OF
Ir. inmhe,
*ind-med-^
'^'^^
rank
indme,
meas^
inbhir,
Ir. inme,
confluence
inbir, inber,
modern
an,
combination
inghean,
and
in,
is the
Lat.
as
Ir.
of
stem
of
med,
me,
(St.).
indbe
or
Ir.
E.
indber^
eni
(Stokes),from
"^eni-bero-s
bero-,
same
{ann)
root
innbhear, inhhear,
Ir.
influxus
ynfer,
and
Ir.
estate, M.
patrimony,
indme
better
of waters,
W.
or
W^V-
wealth,
213
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
Lat.
beir,
The
fero.
Ir.
inigena
ingen, Ogam
Lat.
and
beget
*eni-gend ;
an
(see giii)
gen,
;
prep,
Also
Gr.
native
kyyoviq, a
indigena,
grand-daughter.
;
Lat.
nighean, q.v.
ingenuusi
inich, neat, tidy, lively :
inid, Shrove-tide, Ir. ijiid, E. Ir. init, W.
ynyd, Br. ened ; from
daughter,
inghean^
root
Lat.
inisg,
[jejunii\beginning
initium
; cf. M.
reproach
root
seq,
in
as
say,
Ir.
against,
Gaul,
*nde,
0.
G.
H.
s),prep,
until
unt-as,
0.
inde,
Cf.
Dial.
Lat.
Ivrepov,
so
to
up
sewer,
in-
s),inn-,
for, until,
und,
(ndhi).
bowel,
kennel
(M'A.),
viscera
(pi.),E.
viscera
Skr.
innere,
Ir.
i7me,
Ir.
inne,
1
prep,
antaram
also
(for inwards).
Ir., E.
Ir.
under
innech
Gr.
cloth,
further
Goth,
frith, ri,
with
force
{int- before
ndh,
ddhi,
bowel,
innards
pannus,
See
from
like
d.
inna,
Eng.
inneach, woof,
Ir. ind-
entrail, gutter,
Ir. innp, inde, a
ir.
Gr.
prefix.
prefix of
; Skr.
originate, incite
and
root
0.
*ande,
Ir.
Gr.
Ir. in
as
inn-, ionn-,
ande-
inndrich,
inne, a bowel,
innighe, M.
indsce,
sgeul, q.v.
to, Ir.
of Lent.
0.
^{p)n-niko-,root
woof
Tnjvos,
anart.
thread
the
on
with
compound
thread,
;"a7i,
in
bobbin
or
ind
is
dress,
Ir.
pel, join,fold, as
mtledaigim,
in
Ascoli
alt, q.v.
insidior,
and
G.
joins
innleachd,
E.
Ir.
0.
Ir.
q.v.
intle, insidise,
but
gives
no
root.
innean,
anvil,
an
the
from
stem
inn-
ennian,
and
"
innear, dung,
{ cac, O'Cl.),on
Ir.
indebar
the
analogy
indeoin,
Br.
bend, hit, as
"^endivani-, on-hit," Zd.
M.
inneoin,
[engion%\, Cor.
einion
hit,"
Ir.
anneffn
in
vaniti,
which
indein,
^ande-bnis,
bea?i,q.v.
*ind-ebar
of
Ir.
0.
Osthofi'
W.
"
on-
gives
hit.
cf.
E.
Stokes
Ir.
cann-ebor
suggests
that
214
ETYMOLOGICAL
ind-
indehar
of
O'Dav.
h"H
ready
see
Ir.
"^inissi,from
inisi
:
pi.
(Dor. vao-o?).
almost
The
inis, W.
nss,
though
is
not
Cor.
ynys,
^inssa,
Lat.
of
against
O'Dav.
this.
the
Br.
enys^
insula,
enez,
Gr.
Celtic, Lat.,
vrjcros
and
Gr.
the
not
phonetics are
^etii-stt,
"in-standing,"
Celtic
for
suggests
G.
but
Meyer,
so
connection
certain,
Strachan
but
jind^ white,
inneat.
an
is
for
Ji7td-ebor,dung;
innil, prepare,
innis,
is
DICTIONARY.
in the
clear.
that
is,
sea."
standing or being
from
"^ind-fiss-,
innis^ tell, Ir. inrasim, E. Ir. innlsim, indisim
:
Cf.
vid.
Jios, knowledge ; root
Jiss, now
adfiadim,
narro
vet
(St.) 1
(*veldd),infiadim.
Ir. inntleachd, device, ingenuity :
innleachd, device, mechanism,
of
root
slighe, way % Ascoli
*ind-dig-tu-^
dig
joins 0. Ir.
W.
intie,insidise,intledaigim, insidior, and
annel, a gin. Cor.
"
antell, ruse,
Br.
gin, snare.
cognitio),is
considered
Lat.
from
antell, stretch
The
Ir.
0.
snare
Zimmer
by
and
bow,
or
intliucht,
Stokes
intellectus.
intellectus
be
to
(with
innil, a
sliucht,
word
grammatical
innlich, aim,
Hence
disagrees.
Ir.
desire.
innil,
"
"4m
song,
uccllach^'
breacan
O'R.) :
inntinn, mind,
Ir.
inntinn
prepare,
A.
in
M'D.'s
inns';/
ineach, sprightly
"^ind-seni- ;
root
or
sen
(Sh.,
in
as
senn,
the
gives "^sentno- as
be a plural from
earliest
of the
Ger.
form
Possibly it may
0. Ir. inne, sensus,
the
meaning
senses
originally. The
Gadelic
words
can
a
depraved pronunciation
scarcely be from
of Lat.
ifigenium.
iantreachduinn,
a
inntreadh,
Eng.
beginning, entering ; from
Ger.
sinn,
sense?
also
Kluge,
liowever,
"
"
entering.
iob,
cake, lump
raw
of
dough
(H.S.D.
for
N.H.)
uibe,
; also
q.v.
bert, ber
edpart,
of
beir, q.v.
0.
Ir.
Cf.
pay,
pay,
0.
ioblag;,a
ioc,
*dith-od-bart-, root
Ir.
ad-bert),a sacrifice.
victimised
or
depised female, a trollop (Glenmoriston) :
salve, remedy, Ir. iucaim,
remedy, iocslilaint, a cure,
remedy, i icshldinte, a cure,
remedy, E. Ir. icaim, heal,
W.
aherth
ubag.
see
pay,
iach,
Gr.
Ir.
iccaim, heal,
Br.
sanus,
aKos,
cure
W.
iachdu,
iac'h, healthy,
; Skr.
yagas,
0.
to
Br.
grandeur.
iach, sound.
cure,
iac
The
Cor.
'''jakko-,sound
long
vowel
of
OF
the
Gadelic
forms
21
LANGUAGE.
puzzling,
is
*isacco-, from,
to
GAELIC
THE
and
these
been
have
isha^ati,
Skr.
heal,
tao/xat,
referred
refresh.
Lat.
iochd,
iochdar,
the
lower
formed
cf. Norse
progeny,
Ir. iochdar,
the
uchd.
to
aicme.
See
part, bottom,
on
los, U, down,
from
; allied
pectus,
Ir. ichtar.
0.
analogy
It is
uachdar.
of
See
lOS.
Also
iod, alas ! Cf. Eng. fAit.
ud,
Ir.
0.
Ir.
iodhal, an image,
iodhal,
oh
dear
idal
; from
Lat.
idolum,
Eng.
idol.
iodhlann,
W.
area,
"
land
Ir.
iothlann,
0.
W.
cornyard,
ydlan,
; 0.
"^(pjidon-; Got.
iogan, deceit,
fraud
fitan,
Cor.
Br.
yd,
food.
pitu,
-lann,
Ir.
child-birth,
of
pangs
idain
For
ithla, g. ithland,
*(p)itu-landd,
W.,
Zend
eating,
ith, eat.
see
area
(g. etlio),
corn,
Ir. ith
pitu, nourishment,
iodhnadh,
itlann,
Ir.
0.
granary,
ed,
For
G.
H.
The
puru.
full,
see
iodhana,
further
travail
E.
pangs,
in
elwch,
jilu,
is
root
shout,
Ger.
idu, pi.
as
"^elu-,
"^pelu-,
; Gr.
viel,many
"^elukko, root
S.
Ag.
eald, oh,
iolair, eagle, Ir iolar, M.
er
Ir.
in
G.
ttoAt^s,
many
; Got.
are/ie
iolar, down
pel,
bank
roar
(Heb.
Ir.
;
ilach, psean
TreAayos
Ir.
H.
G.
; also
Gr.
Ger.
aro,
iomadh,
Or
urlar
multitudo,
immdugud,
now
^m-,
0.
a,
many
Ir.
about
(St).
eryr.
Cor.,
; Lit.
earn
form
"
exuberantia
mu,
also
for
many,
bird.
opvc^,
aar,
S.
Ag.
degraded adverbial
*ior-ar, ''^air-air, on-by "^
iolla, view, glance; gabh iolla ris, just look at it; cf. ealla.
iollagach, frolicsome
iullagach.
; see
ealaidh.
iollain, expert (H.S.D. ; Sh., O'R. iolhn); from
of the
form
iom-, the broad-vowel
prefix im-, q.v.
(Perthshire),
of urlar
and
alas,
0.
ara,
erelis,Prus.
ioma,
etc.
Cf.
Br.
nections,
con-
birth,
iola, a
fishing station, fishing rock, fishing
iela.
N.H.) ; Shet.
0.
Ir. iolach, merriment,
iolach, a shout, psean,
W.
it ; Skr.
0.
Got.,
Skr.
corn-
lann.
"
imbed,
:
Ir.
ioma,
iomdha,
copia, immde,
^imbeto-,
(Z.^ 64).
Bez.
from
E.
multus
the
queries
prep,
Ir.
immad,
(*imbde),
irabi,evibi,
if allied
to
Lat.
216
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
a
pinguis, thick, Gr. Traxi^s,but gh, ghv gives in Gadelic
Also
G.
hid,
For.^).
iomad, many,
simple g (Ost.
iomaididh,
For
d cf.
superabundance, Ir. iomad, a multitude, much.
liuthad.
of disasters, a mourning
:
iomadan, concurrence
of iargain 1
root
iomagain, iomaguin, anxiety : "'"imh-ad-goni-,
gon
iomain, a driving (of cattle, etc.), Ir. iomdin, tossing, driving,
Ir. immdiri,
E.
inf, to immagim^
a
driving {"^emhi-agai-),
circumago ; Lit. ambages, going round, windings ; root dg, ag,
; Lat.
drive
iomair,
ago,
ridge
of
root
*e7nbi-a7'io-,
iomair, need,
etc.
ayw,
land, Ir.
"
see
;
;
For
Ir.
imbaire
immaire,
ar
.
"
serve
serve.
E.
iomaire,
plough
ar,
behove
timmthirim,
Ir.
force,
timthire,
cf.
0.
servant,
The
feu7n.
Ir.
is tir,
root
land
iomair,
Gr.
noun
iomairt, Ir. imirt, a game,
imbert, 0. Ir. vb. imJorim, infero, etc. ; for imb-berim,
ber of beir, q.v.
root
iomall, a border, limit, Ir. imiol, E. Ir. imbel, W. ymyl : "^imb-el,
"circuit," root el, go, Lat. amb-ul.are, walk, which
reproduces
Ir.
E.
both
See
roots.
further
under
tadhal.
iomallach,
Hence
remote.
iomarbhaidh,
struggle,
"^imm^-ar-bdg-;
Ir.
iomarbkaidh,
bag, strive,
See
arabkaig.
root
Norse
E.
Ir.
immarbdg
:
bdgr, strife,0. H. G.
gives iomarbhuidh,
M'A.
bdga, vb. pagan.
hesitation, confusion.
iomarcach, very numerous,
superfluous (Carswell'simarcach), Ir.
M.
Ir. imarcraid,
iomarcach^
superfluity (also carrying,"
in iomarchur).
M'A.
from
as
immarchor,
gives
place,
cor,
and
the
"in
the
distresses,
as
distressed,"
meaning
many
"
root
as
arc
t iomarchur,
E.
Ir
of aire.
immarchor
Ir.
iomarchur
or
(O'B.),
cuir, put),
ing,
carry-
errand,
and
Lat.
precor,
Ir.
iomchar,
E.
Ir.
immchor
from
cuir, q.v.
iomchoire, blame, a reflection ; from ?'om- and coire.
iomchorc, regards, salutation, petition,also G., Ir. iomchomharc,
0.
Ir.
imchomarc,
interrogatio, salutatio : *imm-com-arc-,
from
ar
chaff, I ask, erchim, Cor. argkaf, M. Br.
arc, ask, W.
root
perk, prek, prk ;
: *{p)ark6, ask,
arckas, will command
^ng.
pray,
posco
(=porcsco),demand;
Lit.
praszytij beg
Ger.
; Skr.
frage,
prapias,
OP
iomchuidh,
iom-
and
iomhaigh,
cubhaidh,
from
the
Lat.
navel
iompaidh,
E.
^sovio,
iomradh,
to
iomrall,
an
report,
iom-
; from
iomramh,
vb.
0.
and
rddk,
Ir.
immrdim
Ir.
impud,
soiin,
It
has
averto
also
been
swing.
supu,
imrnrddud,
Ir.
tractatio,
say.
Ir.
iomramh,
; from
iom-
Ir.
(O'B.), E,
Ir.
iomalL
in
as
iomrdmh
and
E.
iomrulladh,
iomrolladh,
"^ambi-air-al,root
rowing,
Ir.
0.
iompogh^
dissipo, Lit,
iomrddh,
wandering,
mistake
immram,
Lat.
Ir.
Ir.
siucula,windlass.
sup,
lud,
root
whole.
"^'imb-shouth,0.
Lat.
root
error,
imroll,
turn
sou,
su,
the
fame,
cogitatio
iomram,
ymod,
G.
the
from
possibly
Ir.
root
referred
Ir. iomlut
imshldn, quite
turning, conversion,
iTTiputh,W.
Cor.
iomdlg, imagin,
Ir.
imleag.
iomlaid, an
exchange,
go (see dol).
iomlan, whole,
M.
from
imago.
see
Tr. immchubaid
M.
iomchubhaidh,
q.v.
Ir. iomhaigh^
image,
an
auain
iomlag,
Ir.
proper,
217
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
rdmh.
Gadelic.
ionad,
modern
to
iona(dh),
E.
the
gelim,
Of.
inad
for
in-
Ir.
ionadh
Modern
The
; from
form
and
co
Ir. is
ingilim,
this-that
idem
;"
(for root,
ov-tos
is-dern,Gr.
W.
iomair
son
in-
ionailt,
Possibly
of
sa).
see
shorter
from
0.
for
Ir. is for
Cf.
for
form
avro?.
sin, and
see
Monad.
ca
pasture,
iona,
or
"^altair, a
and
I eat
"'
only, pointing
pasturing, pasture
of altrum..
Ir. has
E.
ionaltair,a
and
ionadh
in
Ir.
form
ionnad
evnn.
Cor.
nail,
euuin,
Ir.
ionga,
Br.
ivin
6vv\o"s;
Got.
I. E.
root
the
iongan^
g.
:
*engtnd
nagljan,
nogh,
as
26
218
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
from
the
noun
iongantach, wonderful, so Ir.,ingantach ; formed
wonder,
iong^iadh,
Cam.
Dr
iong^ar,ioghar, pus : *in-gor,root gor of guirean, q.v.
of the
compared Gr. iX'^p, blood
548).
gods (Gael, No.
1
swell
*ping-aro-,pi,
iongnadh, wonder, so Ir.,0. Ir. ingndd, ingndth (adj.and n.) ; for
ion- (neg. prefix)and gndth.
in-gndth, not wont
; see
Ir.
ionmhas, treasure,
ionmkas, ionnmlms, E. Ir. indmass
; from
"
"
in-
and
Ascoli
connects
tomhas, measure,
q.v.
Ir.
M.
wealth.
indeb, lucrum,
indbas,
ionmhuinn, dear, Ir. ionmhuin, 0. Ir. inmain
^eni-moni-,
:
which
cuimhne.
for
see
mind,
remember,
mon,
men,
muinighin.
force as fri, ri ; see
inn- further,
ionn-, prefixof the same
with
of
-mass
0.
it
Ir.
root
See
see
ionnlad.
astu-,
derives
adstatu,"
it from
ind
and
from
ad-sta,
the
insomuch
Ir.
root
abstract
that,
indas,
"^ind-
Zeuss^
sta, stand.
termination
that,
so
status
-assu
(-astu-),
to-ness."
seemingly giving it the idea of
see
ionndruinn, missing: *ind-retli-in,
faondra.
"wandering";
ionnlad, washing, Ir. ionnlat, 0. Ir. indlat, Ir. vb. innuilim, M.
"
indalim.
There
hands.
lavo,
From
etc.
is also
an
*ind-luUo-,
Ir.
E.
indmat, washing of
from
lu, lov, bathe,
*lutto
Ir.
the
Lat.
seek
and
investigate,
out,
sag,
root
sag,
seek
noun
; Lat.
the
dh^ ionnsuidh.
prep,
nettle ; see
deanntag.
ionn tag, a
ionntlas, delight (H.S.D.) ; from in- and tlath^
ionntraich, miss (Dial.); see ionndruinn.
ionraic, righteous, Ir. ionnruic, 0. Ir. inricc,dignus
(Ascoli); possibly "^rucci- is for "^rog-ki,root
*ind-ruccirog,
reg
of
reacht.
tricks : "^a^V + alt.
ioraltan, harmless
down
from
air and
\os.
Dial, uireas.
ioras,
;
iorbhail, infection,taint: *air-\-bail, on-issue."
"
THE
OP
iorcallach, a
robust
Gaelic
word
formed
the
from
iseloch
%rmis,
Skr.
adhds,
form
the
of
as
under
there
then
from
in.
from
is much
gal, q.v.
iomram
for
from
in
now
en,
the
prehistoric
of this
favour
in ;
an,
cfs. rather
Stokes
'''inso ; and
and
Cf.
song.
^endso,
or
*ins-mus,
from
lowest,
"
is, comp
*enso
air
; from
oar
nios,
one.
irgal
at
"
lorcall, Hercules,
; from
Latin
Ir.
0.
so
"
Hei'culean
"
man
219
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
view
for
most
root.
tlie Celtic.
follow
iosal, low, Ir. iosal, 0. Ir. isel : *endslo-s ; see los above.
iosgaid, hough, poples, Ir. ioscaid, M. Ir. iscait,E. Ir. escait :
iosop, hyssop, Ir. iosdip ; from Lat. hyssopuin, whence
Eng.
Ir.
0.
Ir.
itad
root
"^isottdt-,
iotadh, thirst,
itu, g.
is,desire,
iota,
:
seek
Gr.
Skr.
ish, seek,
Zend,
iothlann, cornyard
from
"^(pjereio-,
Stokes
forms
cixepos,
thus
iriosal,humble
iris, hen-roost,
sta, stand.
Ch.
SI.
iskati,
seek
iodhlann.
see
through,
per^
the
; Gr.
over
Trepalos,on
the
other
the
"
*air-iosal,q.v.
basket
shield
or
handle,
See
ros,
idiom
here";
"
strap
Ir.
M.
handle,
satchel
*are-sti-,from
and
air
seas.
ish, wish,
makes
shield
and
desire
ire, progress,
side.
wish,
tor^ys,
Ni
W.
iss, ^s
idiomatic
an
an
will
do
curtailment
of
use
"
sin is mise
literally: "He
ka-Tt ; Lat.'es^, is ;
Gr.
so
it, I
of agus,
"
"
am
and
is, is.
He
w411
here."
sider
Condo
It
it
is
usually regarded as a
spelt
'us.
a's,
as
variously
Norse
and
of lard
suet
ispen, a sausage
isbean, a sausage
; from
( i-spen, from speni, a teat).
of any
bird, Ir. isean, E. Ir. essine, 0. Ir.
isean, a chicken, young
%
Root
isseniu, pullo : '^ex(p)et-niopet, fly ; that is, ex-en-,
en
being eun, bird,
%
oisinn, corner
isneach, a rifle gun ; from
Meyer suggests from
of birds, comparing
isean, young
fowling-piece."
hence
"^
"
220
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
ist ! whist
ite, a feather,
Gr.
vjhist I
Eng.
Ir.
iteog^
I
TTCTo/xai,
Eng. feather,
iteodha,
idea
Skr.
Ir.
Hte
iteachan,
Ir. ithim
yew,
iuhluAv, E.
Ir.
W.
eo,
iubhar.
Br.
7/w,
Hence
mythic
boat
Eboracum
.?
of
iuchair,
liver
Lat.
the
roe,
pen
is
aden, wing,
bobbin.
derivation
corn,
as
ibar^
; Ch.
eat
pitu,
food
in
Gaul.
from
ite^
Ro
M^
Ir.
7/e"f',
eochuir,
^ekuri-
the
Manx
\ root
not
W.
ttltvs,
tberesche^
can
that
seem
be
allied
to
the
woman,
Deirdre
story.
W.
egoriad,
ogher,
stem
q.v.
stately
in
Gr.
\ Ger.
It does
wood,
yew
pltati,feed
; further
Eburos
ivin, "^ivo-,Eng.
iubrach,
Fergus
SI.
iodhlann,
Schrader.
So
See
niuc.
slit.
iuc, corner,
Ir.
iuchair, a key,
eochair^ E.
key, egor, agor, opening :
whence
Zend
Ir.
C^eharisc).
service-tree
spool, weaver's
"^ito,*pit6^
fitb, fioth,
Ir.
W.
eun.
fly;
pet^
"feather-foliaged."
being
Also
See
root
i^pet-na).,Eng,
wing
(29) suggests
pitu, nourishment,
pine.
Onomatopoetic.
"^ettid,*pH-tid,
etc.
st
penna^
Jittich ;
Cameron
iubhar,
Ger.
hemlock.
the
0.
Lat.
fly ; Lat.
related,
near
hist
fastening,
pecu-,
ebill,key,
auger.
"^jekvwi-,Lat. jecur,
iuthaidh,
iutharn,
H.S.D.
iris.
gives
the
fiuthaidh, iuthaidh,
hell
; for
Ir.
*ifher7i,a
arrow,
las,
Ir.
from
Lat.
labor
of
"black,
etc.
dark."
ifrinn.
shine
as
gun,
side-form
Id, g. laoi, 0.
^lasio-, root
meaning
; Skr,
also
labdnach
Idsati,
laib.
shines
Cf.
(O'B., etc.
for
; Gr.
root
Sh.)
THE
OF
221
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
be
may
G.
Hence
and
lach,
wild
labhar, loud,
XdfSpos.
shrew
duck,
Ir., E.
Ir. lacha
contribution
; from
lachan, a laugh
lachduinn, dun,
Ir.
(Forbes)
; cf. the
head
per
Lit.
from
labar, eloquens,
the
Sc.
law.
Skr.
W.
lak, fly.
lauck, tavern
root
the root
of Eng.
(do.),from
the Sc, Eng. laugh.
lawing
reckoning,
0.
(XafSpevofiai).
Gr.
and
(Suth.),la-mhalan
water
lach, reokoning,
Celtic
both
to
Ir.
Gr.
llafar, loud,
la-bhallan,
allied
; cf.
grey,
lake,
crimson.
the M.
lad, lod, a load, Ir. lad ; from
Eng. laden, to
For
the
lad, a mill lead ; from the Eng. lead, lade.
lod.
of
puddle," see
ladle
the Eng. ladle by dissimilation
ladar, a
; from
Ir. latrand,
ladarna, bold, so Ir., M.
robber, W.
lade.
N.H.
meaning
"
thieves
Lat.
from
liquids.
of the
pi. lladron,
thief.
latro, latronis, a
Ch.
mead,
lag, weak,
laku,
bent
; but
lanka?^,
would
this
lanka,
curve,
give
in
G.
Ger.
blank.
lilcke,gap,
Ir.
Lit.
lag,
Ir.
E.
*laggo-s, root
lag
slacken, Aayapos,
lac, M.
; Lat.
thin
Ir. lidce
(pi.),W.
langueo, Eng.
; Gr.
languid
Hag, sluggish
lag,
from
Aayya^co,
Celtic.
Cf.
AttK/COS.
lagan,
sowens
Lat.
latex.
See
Ir.
lagh
lagh, law,
phrase
hence
laghach,
*latag-ko-1
air
lat, be
Gr.
wet,
Aara^,
drop,
lathach.
(obsolete, says
lagh,
set
in
readiness
the
The
Con.) ; from
Eng.
for shooting (as of a bow) is
also.
pretty,
Ir.
Idghach, laghach
(Donegal) ; cf.
leg, Lat. lectus,chosen, Eng. election 1
Kluge says Eng. like.
beauty, root
lin, gratia.
l^idir, strong, Ir., E.
Ir.
Ididir
Koot
(Cor. gueli,
Br.
E.
M.
Ir.
Cf.
0.
lig,
VV.
Ir.
laigim, 0.
Gaul,
^i^e/e),
Ir.
lige,bed,
lega"it (
W.
gwe-ly,
^o%\x\\jf)"^logo.
'.
'lOO
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
Acxos, bed,
iigan, Ger. liegan,Eng. lie,etc.
harbour
N. hlad'-hamarr, pier or
: from
laimhrig', landing place,
Also
lamraig.
loading rock, Shet. Laamar.
Ir.
from
*ldm-ast-ico-,
*la7nas,
:
laimhsighim
laimhsich, handle,
lego, to lie,* legos, bed, I.
Ae^erat, sleeps (Hes.) ; Got.
handling,
lamh,
from
E.
legh,
root
lie ; Gr.
q.v.
with
connection
'pele,
pele,
mare.
:
lairceach, stout, short-legged, fat, lairceag",a short, fat woman
cf.
M.
Ir.
and
lairig, a moor,
laarg, fork, leg
sloping hill,a pass ;
Often
furca.
in
0.
Ir.
loarcc,
:
thigh,
place names
Ir.
cf.
a
laisde, easy, in good circumstances
stupid
laisti,
heavy,
;
las, loose 1
; from
person
vowel
to, dare
Gr.
of the
form
to
Cor.
Lit.
lamh, hand,
Stokes
*ldmd,
Ir.
lamaim,
slaman.
0. Ir.
-laimur, audeo,
Sc.
thole ;
tldth.
see
Windisch
has
pared
com-
lemti, fix,appoint.
lemiu,
Ir.
E.
see
of
root
ToXfxa,daring,
(Dial.);
rennet
lamhaim,
Ir.
llafasu, audere.
W.
*platio-,root
leathan.
plat, plet, as in
curdled
milk
lamban,
Idmh^
0.
Ir.
; Lat.
lam,
W.
llaw,
Cor.
lof, 0.
Br.
lau
',
lamh
from
leun
Skr.
underhand."
"
Ian, full,Ir., 0
palma,
purnds,
Ian,
AV.
full ; further
Lat.
plenus
Cor.
root
; Gr.
See
also iol,Hon, linn.
Eng. full, etc.
Ir.
lanain, a
couple,
Idnamhain, E. Ir. Idnamain, 0. Ir.
*
Idnamnas,
conjugium : lag-no-, root log, leg, lie,as in laighl
many
married
Stokes
divides
assembly, see
l^nan, rafter beam,
langa,
ling ;
from
the
word
thus
Idn-shamain.
For
samhainn.
from
Norse
Idnairi.
langa,
Sc.
samhain,
OF
223
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
langadar,
langaid, a
"
and
(long)
lang
W.
llyfethar^ M.
this"), W.
word
English
Eng.
with
seaware
Sc.
The
fttter.
; from
lawhethyr
langet, langelt^
has
of G.
langaid.
Sc. (Shetland) longie, Dan.
langaid, the guillemote (Heb.) ; from
langivie (Edmonston).
:
langaiseachadh, pulling a boat along by a rope from the bank
1
the
deer
from
the
of
langan, lowing
Sc, Eng. loiving
;
from
Sc.
settee
langasaid, a couch,
langseat, lang-settle, long
;
which
is the
origin
"
seat."
Jiaden,
lann,
Modern
lamhan.
lann,
by
as
of
Ir.
E.
in
Ir.
leathann,
Stokes
would
; which
Lamna
lag^
G.
further
is referred
squama,
lamina,
0.
Root
scale
scale,
"
fish, disc
laigen, lance,
lanceo, Gr.
cake,
fiat
"
Lat.
llain, blade,
also
to
*larana,
rather
produce
lann, gridiron,
broad,
allied
Ir.
Lat.
to
Ir. "^lamn,
0.
doubtless
is
0.
etc.
allied
to
Ir. lann.
inclosure, land,
an
ecclesia,
area,
See
Br.
Ir.
lann,
lann
E.
Ir.
"^landd
W.
land,
;
llan,
Teut.
0. W.
Eng.
land,
lann,
land.
iodhlann.
G.
glaodhan,
laoighcionn,
q.v.
tulchan
lao'cionn,
^cionn, skin,
which
wooden
covered
laoidh,
block
Ir.,E.
lay, so
with
Teutonic
the
stem
is
Ir.
laoir, drub
Cf.
with
Ided, laid,
cf.
for
Gaul.
0.
Fr.
laogh
and
(Wh.).
Ir. loid
lai, Ger.
phonetics
Lat.
from
Crann-laoicionn,
druidce
*ludi-^.
lied, is
draoidh
Alliance
possible
and
if
ancient
(Stokes).
; cf. loinn.
leir.
hoicionn.
calf-skin
liujp,Eng. lay,
ludi-
drilis,druidos, Druid,
laoineach, handsome
under
see
calf-skin
calf,
the
dust
(H.S.D.).
224
ETYMOLOGICAL
laoiscionn,
membrane
thin
inside
laiiss-sMn, loose
N.
DICTIONARY
laoisg, a group,
laom, a crowd,
of
and
sheep
(Lewis) ;
cattle
skin
crowd
(disparagingly)(Skye)
lodge
(as corn),
Ir.
laomdha,
bent,
Ir. /oem,
M.
crowd,
laom,
heap :
blaze, Ir. laom
leme,
Ijomi,
shaw
laom, go
laom-chrann,
main
castrated
Norse
Ag.
ray,
S.
So.
leoma,
blaze.
to
to
laosboc,
; from
goat
fond
of the fire-side :
too
laoran, a person
lapach, benumbed,
faltering; cf. lath,
(Perth).
the
lar,
ground, Ir., 0. Ir. Idr, W. llawr,
Br.
solum,
leur
^Idro-, ^pldro
0.
Cor.
lor, 0.
Br.
laur,
pld, broad,
; root
bedraggle
Lapanaich,
Norse
Eng.
Also
(do.).
Eng.
*laksar-
by
Skr.
"
spark
young
lasgar, sudden
arc,
G.
above.
which
send,
Lat.
Ir.
lasgaire,
has
youth,
W.
Had.
lathach,
(Wh.)
Idthair,
is
lat,
be
llaid, mire,
moist
Br.
Xdra^,
Gr.
Ir.
O.
; Lettic
Asc.
W.
coenum,
latex, liquid.
mould
broad
pldt, pld,
Idr
Cf.
root
"^latdkd, "^latjo-,
Windisch
losgadh.
Hence
luogen
shine,
Acc/attw,
Xdrayes, drops ;
lathailt, a method, a
Ir.
l^thair, presence,
root
shine.
re,
lath, benumb,
get benumbed.
l^thach, mire, clay, Ir.,E].
leiz, moist
See
G.
noise
Gr.
"^lapsar-,
to
lopis,flame.
"
0. H.
lal^shati,see, show,
referred
some
Pruss.
la^np,
compared
; Skr.
refers
it
allied
to
Ir.
la, rarer
lathair
Idthar,
extend
pldt,
the
thinly ;
further
in
0.
Ir.
Idaim,
kXavvoy, I drive,
etc.
Hence
to
Gr.
"^Idtro-,
"^latri-,
of
root
Urach.
le,by, with,
16a ba^,
leabaidh,
g.
Ir, le, 0.
flounder
a
leabadh,
bed,
leptha
AeX) lie,as
in
laigh
leabhar, a book, so
leabhar, long, clumsy,
leg.^hanging,
liber,book.
Ir.
M.
Gr.
W.
"^let ; from
leth, side.
leobag".
leaba, leabuidh,
*lehboti-, *leg-hutoIr., 0.
root
Also
lebO.
see
le
"
E.
Ir.
lying-abode,"
lepaid, lepad,
from
root
leg,
bedd.
Ir.
lebor, W.
Ir.
llyfr ;
lebur, 0.
\ol36"i,
a
lobe
from
Ir. lebor,
;
Lat.
long
Eng. lappet
liber.
:
^lebro-,
; also
Lat.
OF
leac,
GAELIC
THE
Ir., E.
flag, flag-stone, so
lep,
root
Stokes
shale
and
Strachan
Ir.
AeTras,
Gr.
refer
it to
lecc,W.
bare
Ir.
lecco, g.
lice,vultus.
leccan
Root
*leddro-
leadan,
li,stick
leag,
throw
0.
Pruss.
g.
laygnan,
stone.
plcmca,
leacan,
Ch.
SI.
-XUos, Eng.
like, Gr.
inf.
letraim,
see
liosta.
music,
Ir.
in
notes
Lat.
flat,Lat.
body.
Ir.
E.
lapis,
leaca, cheek,
Ir.
letrad, hacking
leichnam
Ir.,
so
^lekkoii-
"^liccd,^Ip-kd^
Lat.
plk,
root
like,li/ke-wixke,Ger.
leadair, mangle,
llech
rock
the
225
LANGUAGE.
musical
leaddn,
litania, litany.
down, Ir. leagaim,
inf.
M.
^leggo, from
preserved g may
leagadh
from
litany ;
notes,
leg, root
be
from
laigh, lie (cf.Eng. lay) 1 The
word
the
Ascoli
the
refers
the
to
analogy of leig, let ; and
0. Ir. root
: foralaig, straverat,
leg, lig, destruere, sternere
destruit.
dolega, qui
leagarra, self-satisfied,smug
(Arg.) :
Ir., 0. Ir. legaim, legad, W.
llaith, moist, dad
leagh, melt, so
leithio, melt, Br. leiz : ^lego ; Eng. leak, Norse
leka, drip,
of
Ger.
leamh,
lechzen.
everything
W.
(?)and
warm
llefrith,sweet
milk)
sweet
milk,
; consider
soft
Corn,
root
Ir.
leamh
(Corni. sub
as
E.
Ir.
new
le7)ilacht,
leverid, liuriz
lem, break,
cf.
in
; 0.
Ir.
Ie7)i,
milk,
lernnact,
Eng. lame,
etc.
leamhan, elm, Ir. leamhann, leamh, M. Ir. lem : *lmo- ; Lat. ulmus,
W.
which
Ihvyf {^leimd) is diflerent, with
Eng. elm : *elmo-.
in lime-tree.
is allied (by borrowing V) Eng. lime
leamnacht, tormentil, Ir. iieamhain
:
in
the
leamhnad,
llefrithen,llyfelyn :
leamhragan,
stye
eye, W.
Cf. Lat.
?
*limo-, "ooze"
llmus, mud, lino, smear,
Eng. loam.
(do. ) : *lekno- "? Cf
I6an, 16ana, a lea, swampy
plain, Ir. leana
Lit.
meadow
lekns, lekna, depression, wet
on
lag
(cf.Stokes
this
Strachan's
derivation.
is
Mr
The
above) ;
spelling
.
seems
Aet/xwv,meadow.
favours
lean, follow,
*linami,
Gr.
aAtvw
adhere.
this.
Ir.
I
Lit.
Cf.
leanaim,
cling
(do.) ;
Inf.
W.
to
Stokes
does,
to
Ir.
W.
root
lei, Gr.
llivyn,grove,
W.
lenim,
the
to
is leanmhuinn.
27
226
ETYMOLOGICAL
leanabh,
Ir.
child,
Corm.
also
gives
leanhh, E. Ir.
lelap^ which, as
Cf.
leanaban.
G.
DICTIONARY
lenah
Henvo-
; from
termination,
to
lean
with
agrees
aXocfivpfioai.
lionn.
Ir.
lear,
lionn
the
li,flow, as
ler OS,
learag,
(poetical word),
sea
root
; cf. black
but
larch
offers
; from
in
lighe,
no
further
Sc.
Ir.
lear, E.
flood.
ler,W.
Stokes
gives
llyr : *liro-,
the
Celtic
as
derivation.
Lat.
darach, q.v.).
learg, leirg,plain,hillside,Ir. learg, E.
largus, Eng. large.
as
Ir.
larix
{*darix,
in
(Carm.)
of
use
root
Ir.
beau,
leid,Gr.
Ger.
leas- to
cf. Lat.
lerg, a plain ;
Ir.
Ir.
as
less-,W.
leas
lli/s-(W. llysenw
above
Stokes
"
suggests
Qf.
additional."
Cf.
"^lisso-,
blame,
lasinn, half-broken.
lesve,false,Norse
leasg^,leisg, lazy, Ir. leasg, 0. Ir. lesc,W. llesg: "^lesko-s ; Norse
loskr,weak, idle, 0. H. G. lescan, become
extinguished, Ger,
and
erloschen
others
*Zec?as
give stem
(Stokes). Brugmann
S.
with
Ag.
SCO-,
comparing
loshr
rest
late, to
i*laikwa-z); root led,
referred
be
may
Got.
which
lad.
Norse
eAti/vvw,
(Zeit.34,
531).
Gaul,
prdthas,
litano-s
breadth
; Lat.
^Itano-s,
planta,
sole
Gr.
of
TrXarvs,
the
broad
foot, sprout
Br.
Skr.
;
:
root
extend.
plet,plat,
leathar, leather,
so
pregnancy
; from
iHh
and
trom.
OF
leideach, strong,
letenach, audax
leig, let,
Ir.
Got.
leidmheach^
(O'B,),0.
strong
Ir.
Ir.
leigim, 0.
AetVw
Gr.
Ir.
shaggy,
227
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
leiccim,
lecim
^leinqio;
Lat.
linquo ;
loan.
leikvan, Eng.
cloth, Xivov,
of
analogy
See
flax.
deur
dakro-,
Aow-.
Strachan
laknet-, root
to
lak,
phonetics
show,
see,
lakshati, see,
W.
are
show,
H.
Ir.
right, this
Cor.
llygat, eye.
0.
0.
G.
refers
the
it, on
lacerna,
of Lat.
lak,
leir, conspicuous.
may
lagat,
be
for
Br.
luogen (do.),as
*lakri-, root
lagad,
in
If
eye,
Skr.
las, q.v.
leir, gu
See
slios.
leisdear, arrow-maker
See
arrow.
; from
the
Fr.
fleclie,
fleasg.
leisgeul,excuse
; from
leth and
see
leasg.
sgeul, "half-story."
lethet \ from
leth,half, side.
"
let of leathan
Ir. ledb
lleth,flattened, broadened."
leab, a piece, leadhh, a patch of
"
; cf. W.
Ir.
"^led-ho- ; for
root
led, cf
"^lavero-,root
leathar
leather,
Hence
leob,
Cf,
Norse
leppr,
flounder.
Ir.
old
'?
lour,
W.
llawer,
many
228
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
leomann, moth,
leomhann,
cf.
Ir.
leoghaim, I flatter,
; from
Lat.
leo,leonem.
leon, wound, Ir. leonaim, E. Ir. lenaim, wound, len, hurt ; this
Strachan
refers
in Lat.
to "^lakno-, root, lak, tear, as
lacero^
E.
Ir.
But
cf. leadradh,
lacerate, Gr. AaKi?, a rent.
leod,
Lat.
root
lahi, Eng.
cutting, killing, ^ledu,
led, ledh, fell,
lapse.
leth, side, half, Ir., 0. Ir. leth, W. lied, 0. Br. let : Hetos ; Lat.
latus.
refers it to the root plet, broad, of leathan.
Brugmann
Ir. enmin, twins, "^jemnos:
leth-aon, twin, leth-uan
: E.
leth and
breac ("?).
lethbhreac, a correlative, equal, match
; from
lethcheann
(pron. lei'chean),the side of the head, cheek ; from
lost
leth and
with
possibly a leaning on the practicall}''
ceann,
leac,leacann,
cheek.
Ir. lethet ;
stone,
M.
leathan.
see
Ir.
leg, leg-logmar,
Ir.
made
some
Lat.
give
valgus, awry,
svleng, from svelg.
I
lost
was
before
The
light, etc.
the
Eng,
root
as
ivalk ;
It is difficidt
0.
Ir.
lehlaing
perfect tense
Skr.
vleg,
valg,
vleng,
spring,
and
root
as
some
give the
to
see
how
the
or
sv
before
I in leuDi.
leus, lias, a torch, light, Ir. leus, E. Ir. Ms, less, 0. Ir.,leshoire,
from
plend, splend, Lat. splendeo, Eng.
lightbearer : "^plent-to-,
xplendid (Strachan). Cf. W. llwys, clear, pure.
li, colour, 0. Ir. li,Hi, W. llivf.Cor. liu, color, Br. liou, 0. Br.
liou, liu, : ^'livos- ; Lat. livor,lividus, Eng. livid.
t lia,a stone, 0. Ir. lia, g. liacc ; see leug.
liagh, a ladle, Ir.,M. Ir. liach, 0. Ir. Hag, trulla, scoop, W. llwy,
spattle, Cor. loe, Br. loa : leigd, ladle, root leigh.Ugh,
spoon,
ladle.
lick (as in imlich, q.v.); Lat. ligula, spoon,
liath, gray, so Ir.,E. Ir. liath, W. llwyd, canus, 0. Br. loit,M. Br.
*leito-,*pleito-, for *peleito-; Gr. TrekiTvos,livid ; Skr.
palitd, gray ; Lat. pallidus ; Eng. fallow, Ag. S. fealo, yellow.
Cf. 0. Fr. Hart, dark
Sc. lyart (^leucardus?).
grey,
loet
OP
THE
GAELIC
229
LANGUAGE.
flood, stream,
; Skr.
flow
lijleja,
root
Lat.
lev, lav,
lighiche,
physician,
medicis
the
linig, lining ; from
linn, an
century,
age,
numerus
liaigh,
lenn
Ir.
; etc.
(Eng. Jlow)
pleu
roots
E.
Ir.
as
Ir.
0.
linn,
root
thread
liaig, 0.
Ir.
Ir.
linn, lin,
in
W.
lind,
lli/n, M.
legih,
pars,
q.v.
lin7i.Cor.
W,
lake,
At/xvr;,
; Gr.
*linnos,
Ir.
leech.
Eng.
offspring,
linri, E.
leagha,
g.
"^lenu-,horn, plen,
mud
luo.
lavo,
Ir.
li and
; Gr.
leti,gush
; Lit.
run
inundation
root
leikeis,Eng.
Got.
Lat.
between
hesitates
let
riyati,
livad,
Br.
etc.
lighe.
see
linnean,
shoemaker's
from
Sc.
Fr.
Iinga7i,lingel, from
Itnum,
0.
G.
H.
lln
flax
',
Ch.
Gr.
Ir.
linaim
full ; root
irX'rjprj's,
same
root
and
the
:
above
Ir.
form
linn, 0.
lind,
M.
lein,
word.
"^leno,"^pleno;
as
Got.
flow.
lei,li,smooth,
pie, pld,
as
clotli
in
Lat.
Ian,
plenum,
Hence
q.v.
Ir. lin.
Ir.
(so far)
as
and
in G.
proved by its secondary use
Stokes
both
for
melancholy."
suggests
moist,
irXaSapos,
lionradh, gravy,
lion, "fullness'"?
juice; from
lind
dub,
linne,
Ir.
q.v.
for
connection
W.
llyn
This
is
"humours,
with
Gr.
230
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
lios,*agarden,
Ir.
broad,
E.
llys.aula, palatium,
Br.
W.
habitation,
*lsso-s, a
dwelling
place,
Eng.
floor, Norse
by an
TrAari!?,broad
Gr.
flat.
For
^e^, a
root,
so
liosda, slow, tedious, importunate,
E.
importunity,
Ir.
lista,
Aetos, as
Awrcros, smooth,
slow
in
Ir.
liss,less,enclosure,
0.
les,court,
earthen
wall,
; 0.
H.
G.
lis
Br.
plet,
root
Jlezzi,house
leathan.
see
Ir.,
M.
Ir.
liosta, lisdacht,
*li-sso-,root
Gr.
li, smooth,
lighe.
Lat.
litir,a
liter
liubhar
lizer ; from
Br.
llythyr,
Lat.
a.
liubhar),
(H.S.D.
deliver
the
from
Lat.
libera, Eng.
liberate.
liug,
hand
lame
or
gait, liugaire,cajoler,G.
lame
more,
0.
TrAetwv
; Lat.
many,
liaus,
many
liez :
Br.
older
plus, plures,
; from
the
Ir.
Hug,
liug'air (do.):
look,
foot, sneaking
a,
so
Ir., 0.
many,
^{p)lej6s,from
pleores
sneaking
Ir.
lia,
pie, full,
; Norse
or
Gr.
fleiri,more.
Sc.
liuth, a lythe
liu, li. water
liuthail, liuil, bathing, from
(Carm.) ; M. Ir. lia,
flood
(Stokes, 249).
frame
loban, loban, lopan, a creel for drying corn, basket, wooden
corn-stacks
to
dry, basket
keep them
peat-cart,
put inside
ing,
buildN.
timber
frame
from
of
a
laupr, basket,
peat-creel ;
Shet.
loopie, Ag. S. leap.
lob, puddle (Armstrong)
lobanach, draggled, lobair, draggle ; from
:
lobh, putrefy,
loth
"^loth-bo-,
Ir.
lob, wither,
lobhar,
0.
W.
lobhaim,
waste
Ion,
of
0.
; Lat.
Ir.
Ir.,
0.
Ir.
lobur, debile,
M.
Br.
leper, so
q.v.
lobur, infirmus,
loffr, leprous,
word.
leper. For root see above
lout, Ir. lota (Connaught)
lobht, a loft, Manx
Eng. loft.
locair, plane (carpenter's),Ir. locar ; from
locer.
W.
Br.
llwfr, feeble,
laour, lovr, lor,
; from
Norse
Norse
lopt,
lokar, Ag.
S.
OF
loch,
E.
231
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
Ir.,
loch,
lake,
THE
Ir.
loch
Hokii-
lacus
Lat.
Gr.
XoLKKos, pit.
lochd,
fault,
Ir.
Ir., 0.
so
AttK-, Xd(TKCt),
cry
Gr.
laster^
Ger
lochdan,
little
; 0.
fault, vice,
amount
locht, crimen
H.
G.
Norse
lahan,
Cor.
lugarn
"^hukarnd,
lod, lodan,
mud,
lutum,
blame,
lok, lak,
S.
Ag.
Ir. locharn,
root
Acuko?,
; Gr.
Ir. lodan
puddle,
0.
"^loktu-,root
leahan,
%
lostr.
of
W.
luacharn,
Lat.
white.
lut, lu,
Lat.
Av/xa, filth.
Gr.
refers
it to
the
of
root
leagh, melt.
:
16ghar, excellent
loguid, a varlet, rascal, soft fellow, M.
who
works
in all weathers
loibean, one
Ir.
and
locaim,
places
I flinch
; cf.
from
Idib, under
laban.
churn
staff, Ir.,
O'R.
hlunnr,
has
Ir.
M.
limn,
loinid.
Stokes
loiceamhlachd
takes
from
N.
churn-dasher.
16inidh, rheumatism,
greim-loinidh :
loinn, good condition, charm, comeliness, joy, Ir. loinn, joy, M. Ir.
lainn, bright ; from
splendid,.
pleiid, Lat.
splendeo, Eng.
Hence
So Stokes.
loinnear, bright.
locative
form
in
of
loinn, glade, area
case
lann, the
; oblique
place names.
loinn, a badge ; a corruption of sloinn %
loinnear, bright, elegant, E. Ir. lainderda, glittering : *lasno-,
from
las
flame,
q.v. '?
Cf.
lonnrach.
loinneas, a wavering :
loirc, wallow, loir (Perth) :
loirc, a deformed
foot, lorcach,
loireag, a beautiful, hairy cow
nymph
(Carm.)
; cf.
lur,
lame
;
lurach.
; cf.
plump
See
loinn.
lure,
lore.
girl, pan-cake,
water-
232
ETYMOLOGICAL
loireanach,
loiseam,
child
male
show
pomp,
DICTIONARY
just
able
foxy
"
G.
H.
"
; Skr.
which
yv[jLv6^,
stripped
scindit
lombair,
off;
off.
cut
last
Stokes
Ir.
lommar,
lodging.
"^lummo-, '^'lups-mo-,
SI. lupiti,
iitpti, peel, Ch.
Uwm
Hes.
rather
compares
Gr.
has
suggests alternately.
tondeo, abrado,
lommraim,
Ir.
; cf. 0.
intrusive,
bare
in
as
place
W.
Av/xvos
lomradh,
=
Hence
bared,
lommar^
to Lat.
lamherat^
(see lom).
slumber.
lom
cuir, cor.
; from
Cor.
llyfan,
brilliant
bared
Eng. number^
and
Ir. lomna,
leash,
lomhair,
lomnochd,
lox, lynx.
the Eng
laniat.
ac
lorum,
W.
Lit.
"^luxo- ; Gr.
; from
lomm,
lumpami,
; which
bare
lomchar,
lomhainn,
Ir.
S.
fox
Stokes
0.
fleecing,
loisi, los,
loisiln
break
lup, peel,
root
detrahere
is
0.
lom^
Ir.
luhs, Ang.
bare,
; cf. luran.
loisneach, cunning
Xvy^t lynx, O.
lom,
walk
to
cord
louan,
(O'Cl.),0.
Possibly
Ir.
Br.
funis,
loman,
loujfan,tether
the
*lomand.
naked,
fr.,E.
so
Ir.
lomnocht
; from
and
lom
nochd,
naked.
lompair,
bare
plain
see
which
lombair,
spelling of
another
is
word.
this
pluta,
allied
to
to
refer
Ernault
L.
Gqv.
it
Jiom,
the
to
has
Lettic
crust,
pluta,
raw
suggested
0. H.
suet,
root
same
bowel.
connection
queries
if it is
was
usual
ttAoi^tos, wealth
; and
It
Q.Jloum.
Gr.
as
Bez.
with
which
blonag ('^vlon),
is
unlikely.
16n, marsh, mud, meadow
(Arg.), water
(Skye) : ^lut-no-,root lut,
root
lu, lou, as
muddy, 0. Ir. loth, mud, Lat. lutum
; further
in
It
lod.
may
be
from
*louno-,
with
the
excrement.
conluan, hounds'
Ion, lon-dubh, the blackbird, Ir.,M. Ir., 0. Ir. Ion.
it to *lux-7io- (root leuq, light,Lat.
lux, etc.),but
M.
G.
Ir.
would
Ion, elk,
M.
give
G.
Ion
rope
lomhainn.
of
raw
(D.
of
L.),
Celtic
hides
see
craos.
Ion,
Ir.
Ion
*elant,
(St Kilda)
Stokes
this
refers
in
the
lonn.
Ion,
; cf.
root
same
water
Ir. Ion
Ion
roe
:
*lono-
; cf. 0.
Slav,
(see eilid).
possibly a condensation
crdis.
of
Meyer, ( Vision
Kuno
separately
(Carm.) + craos
lani^
"
as
demon."
For
OF
THE
"AELIC
Ion, prattle,forwardness,
233
LANGUAGE.
Ir.
ful
lonaigh, a scoff, jest,W. llon^ cheer"^luno-,root, lu, lav, enjoy, win, W. llawen, merry
:
; Gr.
Got.
See further
under
luach.
aTToAavo),enjoy ;
latin,reward.
?
boisterous
mirth
lan-aighear,
(Wh.)
long, a ship, Ir. long, E. Ir, long, vessel (vas),ship, W. Hong, ship :
^longd ; Norse
lung, ship (Bez.); cf. Lat.
lagena, flagon
from
Lat. (navis)
(Stokes). Usually supposed to be borrowed
Cf.
River
longa, war
ship.
Ptolemy's
Aoyyos, the Norse
Loch
1
now
Skipafjor"r,
Long,
"^plugnd Eng. Jly 1
of slug^
longadh, a diet, so Ir.,E. Ir. longad, eating ; a side form
which
for root.
see
longphort, harbour,
Hence
port.
names.
lonn,
timber
hlunnr,
lonn,
under
put
a
roller
for
fierce, strong,
anger,
boat
for
Ir.
lonn,
launching
launching ships.
a
0.
Ir.
it ;
lond,
from
Norse
w^ild.
Stokes
connection
lorg,
staff, Ir.,
*
temo
Ir.
E.
with
well
Skr.
fed
(Hend.).
lorclien,
los, purpose,
sake, Ir.,
growth;
beaver
Br.
los,
E.
"about
(otter of broad
lost,Hosto-,
lostd
Ir.
to"
(Wh.)
tail),Ir.
in
dohhran
los,tail,end
Ir.
M.
las,
losleathan,
(O'Cl.),W.
Host,
(n.),Br.
losk
"^losko,I burn,
lapis, flame,
Xdfnro),shine ; 0. Pruss.
it
root
(Stokes). See lasair, to whose
Ir.
Ir.
loseann
E.
loscain,
losgann, a toad,
named
lot,wound,
root
lose ;
from
the
Ir.,E.
acrid
Ir.
secretions
lot,damage,
lut, lu, cut ; Skr. lu-, cut
Stokes
Pruss. au-laut, die.
so
Lett,
is
Gr,
lapa, pine-torch
usually
; from
referred.
losg above,
so
of its skin.
loitim, laedo
; Gr.
refers
Avw,
it to
^^
loose
a
lotto,*lut-to-^
;
stem
Eng. loss^
"^lud-nd-,
28.
234
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
liita,to lout,
Teut.
lud,
root
bow, Ag.
Ion.
Loth
parish,
plant brook-lime,
Hence
lothaii, the
Lat.
Ir.
luach,
luadh, fulling
(Lit. plaudzu,
But
luath.
log, luach
Ir.
luachair
W.
Ir.
the
lou,
"^lougos,root
thieves'
goddess ;
(do.); 0. Slav,
S. lean
0.
gain, Laverna,
lucrum,
cloth
(O'B.),lochal
Ir. lothal
Got.
lovu, catching,
^owA;,
"light-maker," from
babir, rush-light.
lieu
side-form
ploud
root
the
of
root
dol.
compare
Itiaidh, mention,
Ir. luad
beloved
*laudo-
; Lat.
"spoken
one:
of one."
thought
luaidh, lead, Ir., M.
or
Ir. luaidhe
^loudid
lead, Ag.
Eng.
grovelling
one
ploud
root
Bez.
borrowed
so
Ir. ; M.
Ir.,
"^loukno-,Lat.
Ir. go
Lat.
from
dizziness, faint :
Itiath, ashes, Ir. luaith, E.
luaran,
word,
next
volatile
Ger.
(as
fliegen,
Id
0.
; from
luaith,
connection
Monday,
moon,
ashes
child
M.
Ir.
luascad,
*lousk6, "^ploud-sko-,
plout, plou,
or
queries
"
luskella,to rock:
luscou, oscilla,Br.
Br.
fire-fond
luasgadh
wave,
move,
0.
person,
and
in sackcloth
"
ashes
luaisg,
S. lead
fljuga.
luaireag^an,
luan,
under
as
in
luath,
plukt, pluck,
q.v.
tear.
Monday :
Gadelic
The
is possibly
Luain, till doomsday.
moon.
an
Ir. luan,
moon,
*loutvi-.
luath, swift,
Bez.
Ir.
Ir.
queries
luath,
0.
lludw, Cor.
luaith, W.
if it is allied
Ir. luath
to
Ger.
*louto-,
lodern,
root
to
flame,
plout, plou,
go,
Norse
^Joir, swift (rootpleud) ; Gr.
swift; Eng. j^ee?!,
flow,
ttAcco,1 sail ; Lat. pluit, it rains ; Skr. plavate, swim, fly.
they bent,
Itib,bend, Ir., M. Ir. lubaim, E. Ir. lupaim {ro-lupstair,
be
L.
noose
from
the
Celtic.
Hence
OF
luch,
Ir.,
mouse,
Br.
logoden,
Lit.
refers
I.
E.
obsolete
take
G.
0.
The
flockl.
ludag^, the
Dea
Ir.
root
slovenly
and
luid,
llwg,
From
which
of his
rivers
we
may
references.
Ger.
Ir.
llivyth, tribe
W.
volk,
lacht,
Lat.
to
Ir.
0.
whence
W.
0.
little,Ag.
Aiw,
phiku,
load
lukto-.
vecte) has
(Stokes). Eng.
multo
tollo,raise
lughadog,
*lukto-,
'^\oy.
llyetJi,a
Ir.
S.
d it.
luta,
lytel,0.
lutain
G.
H.
luzil ;
etc.
Ir. ludrach
(FoL),
mud,
luidir,
person,
Ir. ludar
wallow,
W.
(O'R.) :
ludcich, ludann
a
lucht,
loss,-less,Gr.
a
takes
he
of the
name
Loch-dae,
or
another
the
comes
(or maur-dluithmim,
finger,
lu. III,Eng.
root
E.
"^tlukto-,allied
"^luddon-,
ludair,
0.
luchd,
(read
longphort.
see
under
as
pel, pol, gray,
root
luko-, dark
(read I6ch),which
Corn.
one";
of it from
tluith
little
Gadelic
W.
Nigra
form
Ir.
W.
suggested
root
troop.
burden,
a
luchd,
Idch, dark,
Ir. loch
add
word
G.
the
as
E.
which
Adamnan's
Lbchaidh,
the
to
shine
leuq,
livid, blotch}^,to
this
it
llyg, llygoden^
lochat, W.
g.
mouse
louko-),whence
or
from
pele,
gray,
Stokes
lauko-
luch,
pilkas,
liath.
Ir.
0.
235
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
from
lod, mud,
rag.
condition, Ag.
lugh,
W.
less,
Ir.
Lat.
light.
luibh, an herb,
herb
nave,
lugha,
levis ;
Ir.
Ir.
M.
llai,less, from
little
W.
orlege, war.
luighean,
lugha,
S.
0.
H.
G.
ankle,
Ir.
luthach, joints,
luithech, sinew.
luihh,
0.
Ir.
Cor.
0.
tendon,
Ir. lugu,
lluarth, garden.
lyf, herb.
; Norse
lore,"
Got.
Br.
liorz, garden
garden,
Ag.
S.
"^luhi-,
lubja-leisei,witchcraft,
lyb (do.).
"
herb-
236
ETYMOLOGICAL
luid, luideag, a
under
Ir. luid
slut,
rag,
DICTIONARY
"^luddi, root
lit,cut, lose, as
lot.
luidhear,
chimney,
vent,
louvre
luighean, an
ankle
M.
lying
"
be
to
the
still
to
brought
of
siul,bed,
The
a-bed.
it
G.
and
and
the
compares
Ir.
against
seem
"
be
then
leabaidh-shiiiladh
when
Ir. luidhsiuhhail
bed.
luige seola, child-
woman,
Ir.
M.
lue, heel
Ir.
luighe-siubhladh would
is
worse
lj6r%
Ijos,light.
lotch,lout, louching, louting.
siuil
idea
Eng.
Norse
Sc.
siuil,parturient
refers
M.
from
The
(laighe-siubhladh), child-bed,
Eng. phrase
for
Uwfer
lover.
lugach.
see
Ir. ben
Stokes
this,
Fr.
the
; from
cf. E.
luighe-siubhladh
(FoL),
0.
roof-opening, is from
or
W.
louvre,
bedused.
is
Consider
siubhal, bearing.
luigheachd, requital, reward
root
:
'''lugi-,
luim, a shift, contrivance
:
lug, hug,
*lundo-,
lud,
root
; from
luir, torture,
from
luindiuc,
Ir.
in laoidh,
as
about
Eng.
lunn,
; see
of
coat
patched
Ir.
mail,
lorica, from
garment,
luirist,an
untidy
lum,
of
Ir.
lunnsaire, idler^
Eng. litngis(obsolete),lounger.
(M'A) ; see laoir.
drub
Lat.
part
hlumr,
M.
in luach.
billow.
luireach, a
as
an
person,
the
of
untidy
an
llurig ;
luireach, a
Hence
thong.
female.
tall and
between
oar
handle
lorum,
Ir. Idirech, W.
E.
luireach,
pithless:
blade
and
handle
the
N.
; from
oar.
lom-lan
and
lumha-lan
; from
(Hend.)
lo7}i -^ Icm.
luman,
covering, great-coat,
Ir.
lumain,
E.
(g. lumne,
"beating," that is
Ir. lumman
In some
dialects
it also means
a
M'Con.).
a
dressing,"
first August,
lunasd, lunasdal, lunasdainn, Lammas,
festival
:
August, E. Ir. lugnasad, Lammas-day
from
name
Lug, the sun-god of the Gael, whose
"
"
with
Loki
same
(?).
Ger.
E.
origin
Ir.
as
"Lug's wedding"
locken, allure,
nassad,
Lat.
festival
nexus,
and
Norse
(I),is
he
loMia
referred
translates
Ir.
of
lughnas,
Lug
Stokes
"
nects
con-
(do.),and
l3yRhys to
lugnasad
also
the
as
lunn,
staff, oar-handle,
roller.
See
Du.
smooth
Hence
place-name
lunndraig, thump, beat
An
lonn.
; also
lendore,
lent
idle
an
Br.
em.
See
fellow,
launching
"
lonn,
anger,
M.H.G.
from
idle, is
landar,
plot (possibly
grassy
hlunnr,
Norse
lund.
cf. Fr.
slow,
go
the Fr.
lunndan,
from
(not broken)
lenttrn,
237
LANGUAGE.
lever
Dial.
lonn.
GAELIC
THE
OF
borrowed
spot," Rob.).
marshy
Lunndan.
the
; from
Sc.
drubbing.
child
M.
*luru-,
Eng.
lerke,
wrinkle,
llorf,shank,
herb, plant, Ir. lus, E. Ir. luss, pi. lossa, W. llysiau, herbs,
Cor.
lub of luibh.
root
*htssu-, from '^'lubsu-,
les,Br. louzaouen
:
lus, an
the
from
root
Lusbirdan
Ir. luth
pleu, plu
; from
; cf. 0.
of luath.
Ir.
Or
lugh,
little
lut/i,velocity,
tliUh, from
tel 1
ma,
if,Ir.
smd,
sma,
Ir.
0.
ma,
md,
etc., the
(Gr. dfijie
forms
which
-sm-
Br.
enclitic
emphatic
an
pronouns,
Cor.,
ma,
iis-sme,
ma
"
=
(also mar) ;
indeed
") used
the
in
appears
I. E.
cf.
Skr.
after
pronoun
us).
of pab,
mab, a tassel; a side-form
mab, abuse, vilify:
mabach, lisping,stammering
; cf.
q.v.
M.
W.
map,
majfelen,
to
stammer.
mac,
map,
0.
Ir. mace,
Ogam
mab,
7nak,
root
I.
Ir. 7)iac,
son,
Br.
rear,
mab, 0, W.
maqvi : ^maHo-s,
gen.
nutrire,
W.
blessed
able.
Kluge
Eng.
maid,
Got.
compares
further
Got.
rear,
magu,
E.
Gr.
;
fiaKpos,
magaths, maid,
boy, Norse
magus,
mab,
^makvo-s,
nurse,
Lettic
Cor.
Br.
maguet
long,
mdzn,
Ag.
son,
fxaKap,
can,
S.
be
magjy,
m'Ogr, which,
238
ETYMOLOGICAL
also
words
mild
macanta,
Ir.
mach,
mach,
from
and
magh
from
machlag,
matrix,
cf. Ger.
its accusative
being
muigh,
of magh
Again
with
dat.
the
magh.
Manx
land,
(Hes.),
which
is allied.
Br.
wall).
plain-land,"
"
Ir,
Ir.
macnas
M.
Ir.
Ir.,
aille
cliff,g.
Norse
(do.), macras,
macalla
sport,
from
{^allos),allied
of which
is then
the
same
math-
as
fail,
also
See
of
7reAA.a,
Gr.
to
fell.
and
mac
Connection
Ir.
matad
madryn,
for
mats,
mathghamhuin,
with
*mansatinus,
from
macloc
maw.
E.
dog, mastiff, so Ir., M. Ir. madrad
fox
(Eel.), W.
madog,
(McCon.), maddad
(cf. W.
reynard) : '^maddo-, "^mas-do-, the mas
possibly being
q.v.
an
moger,
*magh-thir,
mat
Ir.
mdceria,
Lat.
enclosure,
to
Ir., M.
magher,
field ;
7nagw2/r,
echo,
stone
the
mac.
macalla,
madadh,
and
referred
wantonness,
all,
in
Ir.
E.
amach,
Ir.
field."
immaig,
arable
Eng.
magen,
obsolete
"out"),
the
"^makarjo-,
youth,
th\
festivity; from
mactalla,
Hence
great.
macaomh,
field,mach
ann
an,
uterus,
sport,
macnas,
See
Ir.
(whence
Usually
Stokes.
might,
"
caomh.
into
W.
enclosure
So
"
E.
for
macha
machaire,
mahas,
Teut.
The
denoting
macamh,
to
magh,
plain, level,
Tr.
(motion
into
m,
field."
the
machair,
prep,
slave.
root
Skr.
and
mac
and
in
(rest),is
outside
"in
from
the
from
man,
generous
outside
after
maccoem
immach
(pi.mogi),
Ir. mug
filial."
"
youth,
E.
0.
to
originally come
Gr.
/x"jxos,means,
increase,"
macamh,
allied
is
however,
DICTIONARY
madadh,
:
madog, madog, a mattock, W
mattock, Ag. S. mattuc.
the
madar, madder, Ir. madar
dexterous
valiant,
madhanta,
mussel
the
from
"^mato,
from
Ch.
maduinn,
morning,
Lat.
matutina,
mag,
hand.
magadh,
magaid,
Ir.
root
man,
Sc.
madder
in
E.
Ir.
whim
motyka,
0.
I.
Lat.
hand,
Sc.
Eng.
the
mattok,
"
throwing,"
over-
break,
overthrow,
motyka,
hoe
mane^
maten
matin,
now
Eng.
madhanta
maidim,
maidin,
is from
; from
Ir.
arms,
verb
M.
; from
ligo, Polish
maig
mocking, Ir. magadh,
a
plat
paw,
*mankd,
SI.
; from
matog
(Bez.).
; from
matin.
of
arable
Tnanus,
Gr.
land,
E.
Ir.
/xa/oiy, Norse
mac,
mund,
Gaelic.
mag
W.
mocio
gat, mag
; from
get.
the
Eng.
mock.
OF
THE
Ir. magairle,
ma^airle(an), testicle(s),
(pi.):
stones
"^magar-aUie, magar
root
: magar
"^maggaro-,
magarla,
increase
toad
Cf., however,
E.
Ir. macraille
"
"
mactalla
m^gan,
239
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
mag,
all
and
-magar,
of
great, powerful,
meg,
mogul.
properly mial-mhaffain,
"
from
;"
beast
squat
md,g
above.
magh,
plain,
field,
Ir.
mes,
Br.
Cor.
{*magestu-).
field,plain,
"
expanse,"
be
magan,
Gaul,
maes,
from
ft^x^S
Eng. may.
W.
mag,
*magos, *7nages-,
magos
great, Skr.
Lat. machina,
means,
maes
ma,
magh,
root
; G.
able,
Ir.
0.
viagh,
mahi,
the
machine
N. magi.
mag^han, stomach
:
bait
for
maghar,
(Corm.), small fry or fish :
fish,so Ir.,E. Ir. magar
mab.
maibean, a cluster, bunch
; see
club
*viaddio-,
maide, a stick, wood, Ir., E. Ir., matan,
a
:
*mas-do-; Lat. ynalus ( "^mddiis),mast
; Eng. mast.
m^idhean, delay, slowness
:
maidse, a shapeless mass
:
maidsear, a major ; from the Eng.
M^igh, May, E. Ir. Mdi ; from Lat. Mains, Eng. May.
from
maigean, a child beginning to walk, a fat, little man
:
mag.
maighdeag, concha
veneris, the shell of the escallop fish ; from
=
maighdean
Cf.
madadh,
mussel.
maigheach,
hare,
Ir. miol
W.
meistyr.
Cor.
S.
bhuidhe
Ir.
M.
moegden,
(for miol
and
mial
"
(F. M.)
maighden
now
mhuighe),
m^igJi.
campestris."
maighisdir,
Ir.
\1.
G.
Ir.
maille
malle
an
master.
mala.
; for
; from
is
magisder,
magister, Eng.
mdileid, mdilin
; see
Ir. mil
E.
The
Lat.
; from
; from
maiden.
Lat.
imb-an-
7nonas-
terium.
mainne,
0.
delay,
G.
Ir.
maindaidib
mainneachdna
(dat.pi.), Skr.
cf.
0.
Ir.
residence,
mendat,
mandiram,
lodging,
tion
habita-
; Lat.
mainne.
K.
Meyer
takes
Eng. manor.
mair, last, live, Ir. mairim,
delay i^mr-).
""
it from
0.
early
Ir. maraim
Fr.
mainneir,
as
maneir,
"^marb
under
dwelling,
Lat.
mora,
240
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
maireach,
Ir.
to-morrow,
after
iainiabdrach, day
y
M.
fory, to-morrow,
(Stokes, Zimmer)
da
mairg,
! Ir.
Lat.
mad,
Ir.
E,
mairg,
m^irneal, a delay,
mairtir, a martyr,
Ir.
Ir.
[xaprvs,
Ir.
mat
masla,
math,
good, Ir.,
*mati-s,
root
Bez.
q.v. 1
afFabilis,Gr. /^art?
maith, math,
madden,
mddati,
G.
as
is
same
M.
M.
Eng.
comely
mass,
Lat.
mad,
W.
; root
mad,
further
I. E.
Cor.
mas,
me,
measure,
alternative
Ch,
/xaa-a-w,
fiayis,
mad.
measure,
an
Lat.
madeo.
Gr.
mag
as
; from
moderate
mdssig,
(n.),E.
mdl,
mdl,
7]iad,
root
"
Ir,
be
lingering, Got.
regards the
maith, good.
Ir.
merthyr
Skr.
Br.
M.
as
upa-mdti,
(=/x"yas, lies.).
linger, mandas,
Rhys
met,
sailing:
witness.
from
maith,
suggests
ignoscere,
mainnir,
Ir.
W.
martir,
Ir. maitheam
pardon,
"^mo
^mo-oirc,
to
tediousness,
maisse,
0.
[xdpyo"s,
; Gr.
iJiapTvpo"s,
mat,
in meas,
W.
referred
Ger.
butter.
"^margi-
Eng.
Eng. meet,
measure,
Eng. mete, etc.
maistir, urine, so Ir. ; '^madstri, root
maistreadh, churning, so Ir. ; root
maith,
vae
oiy,
the
Ir., E.
so
Ir., E.
so
from
maimeulachd,
Gr.
from
mairg,
med,
SI.
"^bdrego-
to-morrow,
(I). Usually
morbus
maise, beauty,
beure, morning,
maurgina,
destruction,"
oirg, "my
mairiste, a marriage ; from
martyr,
mfgh, mrgh
root
to-morrow,
etc,
morgen,
pity
imbdrack,
W.
Br.
avory,
"^mf-ego-,
Ir.
to-morrow,
W.
matirgins, morning,
Ger.
E.
mdrach,
W.
W.
as
mdl,
ga-motan,
borrowed
bounty
room
from
; from
(black-ma^7),Sc.
now
matliem, a forgiving,
quiet about," Skr.
;
see
Ir. ; if so,
Ag.
S.
mdl,
mail.
the
M. Eng. male, wallet,
m^la, a bag, budget, Ir. mdla ; from
0. H. G. malha.
0. Fr. male, from
bag (now mail), from
mala, pi., malaichean
{ruailghean in Arg., cf. duilich, duilgke),
Ir.
M.
Br. malvenn,
mala, 0. Ir. mala, g. malach,
eyebrow,
blakst'enai,eyelashes, blakstini, wink,
eyelash : *malax
; Lit,
Lettic
mala, border,
Alban.
maV,
hill,border.
also
(Strachan),0.
been
referred
to
H.
the
G.
mola(h)wen, tabere
root
(Bez.).
It
mel, grind.
OF
It
has
also
Lat.
from
hill, Ir.
(O'Cl.):
pap
Eng. mamma,
armpit,
mam,
mawaid,
allied
man,
manach,
on
monk's
Lat.
manach,
manachan,
manadh,
duties
fish
an
S.
farm
of
is from
M.
M.
fawn,
warn,
Ir. mang,
dumb
meann,
^mandsto-,
is
mains,
Eng.
manran,
maodail,
maodal,
"^mand-to-
maoidh,
E.
meat,
tuneful
Ir. mant,
; Lat.
Gr.
Eng.
; from
Ag.
meadhail
'^'moido-
mdidim,
; root
S.
(Corm.)
bruised.
maoidhean,
moyen,
median,
See
mand,
Ir.
Ir.
eat,
manntach,
0.
meid
stolid us,
0.
toothless,
etc., Ir.
toothless
root
jaw
jaw
; further
mad.
Ir. manrdn
meadaii,
pouch,
(Ir. GL, 235),
under
mannda
metail
upbraid, brag,
moidem,
boast,
gioriatio :
M.
H. G.
gemeit, grand, 0. H. G.
Sax.
gemed, stupid. Got. gamaids,
maoidhim,
threaten,
mag
Ir.
as
root
lyiend, dumb,
medhal
eat,
or
mandragor
Celtic
magus,
ruminant's
Ir.
large
W.
eat, mandihula,
chew,
Ir.
warn,
mandragora.
cooing, humming,
mad^
moid,
kameit, jactans,
monastery.
moneo,
Eng.
jaw, mantach,
stomach,
grudge, reproach,
Ir.
; from
manor.
the
mant,
(Lh.), M.
Root
owner,
gum,
mandere,
the
0.
/xatrao/xat,
sound,
paunch,
vianac.'h
Br.
; Lat.
by
Ir. mang
E.
(O'Br.), W.
jaw
monkshlp,
mainchine,
omen
farmed
estate
an
ma7idragores,
E.
mdm.
manachainn,
mag.
exhort.
Ir. 7nandrdc
Eng.
"^manmd,
from
form
Tnynach,
Ir. mana,
E.
tlie Sc.
mandrake,
W.
handful,
mam,
manian,
; from
Ir.
of the
swelling
luck,
portion
mandrag,
mang,
Ag.
level
groin
omen,
the
M.
monachus,
angel
Ir.
; side
manach,
breast,
mother,
Cf., however,
ulcer
breast,
mamirti,
(Stokes),
the
the
M.
Ir.,
"?
Ir.
M,
ulcerous
"^mdmmd
Ir.
mallocli;
Br.
mellith,
mamma,
an
(cf. ahdaine), W.
Hence
Eng. monk.
advise
manas,
Lat.
mam,
hand
Ir., E.
W.
mountain,
skin, arm-pit
monk,
inellow.
malediction.
handfuls,
manus,
the
/xaA6^aK09,soft
Gr.
of
root
maldacht,
mam,
handfuls
two
Ir,
Hence
two
Lat.
to
mole
Lat.
breast, pap,"
etc.
handful,
of
maledictio, Eng.
"
the
to
Jr., 0.
so
round
large
mam,
that
to
241
LANGUAGE.
referred
been
GAELIC
THE
grudge,
Ir.
iniadh.
from
Sc.
from
moyen
(do.),Fr.
Lat,
medianus,
middle,
29
242
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
maol.
of a hill ; see
maoile, brow
a
maoim,
sally,
terror, onset, eruption, surprise, Ir. maidhm^
E.
Ir.
breach
defeat
a
or
defeat,
maidm,
:
breaking,
eruption,
"^matesmenSL, Pol. motyha, a
(Stokes), "^mato, break
; Ch.
hoe.
Some
root
allied
as
math,
Skr.
to
stir,twirl,
whorl.
menturis,
Lit.
the
give
five
mese,
basket,
for
hundred
meiss
the
back
sild, barrel-herrings,
; Lit.
whether
maoiseach,
see
maiszas, sack,
The
Gadelic
the
maoisleach,
doe,
Ch.
from
heifer
0.
H.
G.
meisa,
SI. mechu.
the
basket
The
ship,
relation-
Celtic
and
from
Lat.
Norse.
{maol, hornless);
maol-sech
wicker
meiss, box,
borrowing, between
Brittonic
might come
affinity or
and
table,
mensa,
of
is doubtful.
Teutonic,
Norse
herring,
mis.
maol, bald,
Lit.
Ir.
maol,
0.
Ir.
mailus, something
further
has
been
suggested
haired,
bald";
G.
in
give
mei,
root
maol,
maolchair, the
maol-sn^imheil,
but
mdl.
brow
of
mail, W.
mdd,
moel,
small, smallness,
lessen
Br.
Ch.
maol
SI.
The
"^mailo-s
small
m'eluku,
Ir. mug,
(see maoth).
servant,
basis
*mag(u)lo-, servile, short:
the
to
this, though suitable
W., would
Cf. Ir. mdl, prince, from
"^maglo-. Hence
the
as
hill
or
"
rock,
between
W.
moel,
conical
hill "?
maoth,
mar,
mitis, mild
Ir., M.
as,
Br.
the
eel.
the
E.
; further
Ir.
Ir,
moeth,
E.
mar,
Ir.,
ri, M.
0.
lessen
mei,
root
0.
imon
(now mu)
prepositions
is
explained by Ernault
mar,
mdr,
mar
space
Ir.
and
as
Ir.
mdith
far
ri
(D.
of
L.)
from
mar
; Lat.
(see mm).
immar,
air
quasi
W.
unaccented
big.
G.
"^moiti-s
and
ri.
mor,
Br.
*ambi-are,
as,
Corn.,
meur,
G.
\
THE
OF
marach,
big, ungainly
termination
marag",
pudding,
the
ach.
Norse
marasgal,
morr,
(Arg.);
woman
regulator, Ir., M.
neuter
Ir.
marascal, regulator,
marshal.
now
7)iarescal,
0. Fr.
M. Eng. and
; from
dead, Ir. 7narbh, 0. Ir.
M.
with
mor,
M. Ir. maroc,
hilla,E. Ir. mar, sausage ; from
dat. mdrvi, suet, blod'-morr,black
pudding.
marshal
marbh,
from
m^raisg.
Also
master,
243
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
7narb, W.
root
'^7narvo-s,
Br.
Cor.
raariv^
Br.
marow^
Tnarv
mr
mo7ior, die ;
maro,
; Lat.
;
Lit. mirti, die ; Gr. fxapaLvoj, destroy ; Skr. mar,
die.
horse,
marc, a horse, G. and Ir. marcach, a horseman, E. Ir. marc,
"^markd
Br.
Gaul.
W., Cor.,
(ace.): '^''7narho-s,
march,
jxapKa-v
',
0.
H.
Ag.
marg,
G.
merk
meriha, horse,
marah, mare,
7nearh, Eng. mare
S.
the
from
and
Norse
marr,
mare,
r}iarshal.
Sc.
Eng. 7nark,
merk,
Norse
mork,
g.
markar.
margadh,
"
"
Eng.
marble
together.
Ir.
marble,
marmor,
marble
marrach,
is in the
enchanted
thicket
to catch
from
Lat.
marbul,
mar
kept one
(M'A.). Root
playing
marble.
which
cattle
mor.
spell-bound,labyrinth.
mar,
deceive, as
7ner,
in
milk,
cream,
and
their
products (Carm.).
marag.
marsadh, marching,
a
mart,
which
Ir. marsdil
Ir. mart,
cow,
Sc.
the
dialects
castle
marruin,
marrum,
mart,
G.
brath.
mear,
Cf.
7narmur
derives
killingtook
Mart, March,
Ir.
cow,
killed
cow
Jamieson
"^mao^d, from
place.
root
7nar,
; from
a
beef, E.
Eng.
Ir. 7nart,
from
the
Martinmas,
idea
of 7tiart
die, of marbh
is
beef
; hence
and
for
The
the
time
cow
salted,
at
for
which
killing:
244
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
masgul, flattery:
masladh, disgrace, Ir. masla, madadh^
despite, shame, disgrace :
Ir.
TYiaih
maith.
form
in
This
is the commonest
math, good,
; see
Dialect
form,
G., the only Northern
math, forgive : see maith.
land
math
1
mathaich, manure
; from
mathair, mother, Ir. mdthair, 0. Ir. mdthir, W. modryb, dame,
"^mdter
mater
{x-jrijp^
aunt, 0 Br. niotrep, aunt
; Gr.
; Lat
Dor.
mdtdr.
Skr.
mother
fjLOLTrjp (a long) ; Norse, mod'ir, Eng.
;
E.
Ir. mathgaman^
mathg'hamhuin,
a
bear, Ir. mathghamhuin,
mathfrom
and
with
(?), cf. W.
gamhainn
math, bear
;
Gaul,
madaivg^
fox, and
names
Matu-genos,
possibly the
:
Matims,
meacan,
root,
meccun,
Ch.
Teuto-matus,
bulb,
SI. maku
meacan,
pJKwv,
Gr.
mecon,
etc.
Ir.
"^mekkon-,
any
; 0.
poppy
root
mek,
top-rooted plant,
G.
H.
mak
of
Ger.
mdgi,
0.
Ir.
mohn
'I
mac
meachaini], mercy,
an
meachair,
soft, tender,
abatement,
Ir. meach,
meachran, hospitable person,
hospitality:
wooden
meadar,
a
vessel, Ir. meadar, a hollowed-out
pail or
Ir. metur
Lat.
drinking vessel, churn, M.
metrun,
; from
measure,
meadar, verse,
meadhail, joy
meadh-bhlath,
metre,
meter.
metre
; for
see
meadhrach.
luke-warm
med, medh,
meadhon,
W.
the
as
middle
"
middle,
so
Br.
within,
the
medidnum,
; Gr.
above
see
mid-warm
;"
0.
word,
mid-, mid-,
Ir.
root
in next,
mewn,
Lat.
root, etc.,
Ir., 0.
y
Ir. medon,
irn-medon,
amidst
meton,
middle, Eng.
mean,
; cf. for
further
M.
W.
form
Lat.
ymeun,
and
root
mcdius,
Eng. middle
; etc.
meadhrach, glad, joyous, Ir. meadhair, mirth, meadhrach,
joyous,
^^medroE. Ir. medrach
Skr.
be
joyful, mdda,
7)iad,rejoice,
\
*?
But
ale
hilarity.
medu,
7naidd
E.
Ir. medg,
W.
m^ag", whey, Ir. meadhg,
{'^medjo).Cor.
Fr. megue
maith, 0. Br. meid, Gallo-Lat.
:
whey, whence
mesga,
marrow
(Thurneysen),
^mezgd, whey ; 0. Slav, mozgu,
succus,
which
0.
H.
adds
G.
to
marrow
Bruginann
(Eng.
marg,
/xecros ;
Lat.
;
see
merge,
mia.mhail.
mergo,
meal, possess,
enjoy, Ir. mealadh
(n.),M. Ir. melaim, I. enjoy :
in
Cf.
from
the
root
mealhhag.
mel, mat, soft, as
possiblj'^
0. Ir, meldach, pleasant, Eng. mild.
mealasg", flattery,fawning, great rejoicing; see miolasg.
whence
corn
mealbhag,
Eng.
malva, mallow,
; cf. Lat.
poppy
mallow
Gr.
Gr.
root
emollient,"
fxaXdxr},
mal, mel, soft,
;
/xaAaK09. soft, Lat. mulcere.
"
THE
OF
mealbhan,
mealg,
meall,
(Suth.), sand
^fealg
bent
sea
milt
fish ; for
of
dunes
with
knob,
meall, lump,
himp,
Gaul.
knuckle,
mell, joint, knot,
*mello-,
*melno-
from
meallan,
0.
Ir.
clach-mheallain,
bad
mel, mal,
Ir.
; Armen.
jxekeos,useless
mealldn
Ir.
E.
nialus
; Lat.
pleasant (l),Gr.
meld,
hail,
ynell,Br.
Ir.
deceive,
Ir. mellaif}!,
M.
lie ; Gr.
7neX, peccatum.
mela, grind.
E.
heap,
Mello-dunum
Melun
:
C?),now
iz-moleti, just out, protuberate
Gr. /xeAos,limb, part.
0. Slav,
(W. Ross)
bent
sealgl
hill, Ir.
245
lANGtJAGE.
GAELIC
a/xaAos, root
; from
(Fol., O'R.)
meall, lump
meambrana,
parchments,
Ir.
from
Lat.
spirit,will, Ir.
meanmna,
meamna,
0.
Ir. menm.e,
mind,
think
think
; Lat.
memini,
monument
[ivrj[xa,
meanbh,
mean,
min
minute
mei.
mi,
Skr,
See
mandh,
meanachair,
E.
small,
Ir.
little,Lat.
small
diminish,
; Got.
also
alternate
an
Lit.
minor,
:
root
menhas,
(Dial.);
goats
or
Lat.
7ni7is,less
maimed.
mancus,
cattle, sheep
think,
jj^efiova,
particle : "^inino-,
small
lessen
gives
manye,
; etc.
Eng.
minus,
root
thought,
\ Gr.
menbach,
Stokes
(adj.),
menmenos,
g.
mind,
mens
mind
ixlvvOm,
; Gr.
mi-.
a
*menmes,
mdnman,
; Lat.
W.
mebmr,
(n.),meanmnack
meanma
mean,
Ir.
0,
memory.
remember,
Eng.
"^niinvo-, root
minutus,
Skr.
from
membrum,.
meamhair,
mens
g. menman,
men,
from
Eng.
memoria,
Ir. meynhrum
0,
meamrum,
root
men,
little.
meanbh-
for
chrodh.
m^anail,
Ir.
yawn,
mouth-spread," men,
min,
lip, edge, Cor.
Stokes
maga,
g^iile?
meang^,
engine
dealer
meang,
mean^an,
meann,
the
suggest
stomach,
Celtic
root
Cf.
Ir.
kid,
*7nendo-,
manzon,
magen,
E.
mangle),
Cf.
for
maethain,
Ir. meanndn,
"
kid,
ubera
hiatus
maw.
meng
mah
root
^mengd
juggle
[layyavevio,
N. mang,
yawn,
; cf. W.
Tnin,
Strachan
snout.
^mekno-,
Eng.
Ir.
men-scailim,
Ag.
S.
jjidyyavov,
Gr.
Lat.
and
mango,
traffic,monger.
meag.
twig,
mag,
meg,
miin,
"^maknd,
stem
imposes.
Ir.
menogud,
Br.
meen,
Ger.
whey ; Dial,
meanglan,
M.
mouth,
Ii*- m.eang,
(Eng.
who
E.
meanfach,
"
Ir.
beangdn
meangdn,
increase
',
see
under
'*'mengo-,
maighdean, mac.
:
sprouts.
meann,
"
W.
myn,
Cor.
min,
Br.
menn
suck
0.
H.
G.
suckling ; Alban.
ment,
;
perhaps Gr. /xafo?, breast
(Stokes, Strachan)
246
the
It may
be from
suits the W. best.
root
the
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
min^
a
(*minno-),
small
which
form
Eng.
; from
Eng. venturing. W.
mentra.
Ir.
of.
mear
;
merry,
0. H. G. murg,
murgi
0. Ir.
allied to tnearachd.
myrige,
mad,
is
Ir.
impatient(Suth),
be
cf.
marsainn, abiding,from
7nar,
remain.
meas,
measure,
measan,
temperate, modest,
measarra,
"
measured
mensura
measg,
am
M.
see
Ir. mesan,
Ir.
probably borrowed
(Stokes). But it may be
7nesg
measa7^rdha,0.
among,
meschu
7niosar.
"
meaS2,
Br.
etc.
Ir. 7neasg,
root
^77ied-skG-,
from
the
from
meas,
7neasg,
Ir.
mesurda
Lat. mensuratus,
judgment,
W.
among,
7ned,7nedh, as
in
7nysg,
ym
meadhon,
middle.
measg,
measgan,
dish
to
hold
butter,Ir. mwsgan
lump of butter, M.
see
miosgan.
Ir. mesgan,
massa
But
;
OF
meidh,
form
of
Ir.
Gr.
*medd,
further.
Skr.
makakas,
meckern
"^melo ; Lat.
Ir.
; Gr.
molo
Eng.
Ir.
the
0.
Ir.
meglira,
0.
meas
Ger.
Gr.
meckern,
mek,
mak,
an
bleat, meglll,bleating
W.
melim,
/xvAAcu ;
"
H.
G.
"^mekli.
"^megli-or
is for
Ir.
See
(Arg., M'A).
mek,
root
peck
meigiodaigh
bleater
"
centre
m.ete.
instalment
G.
medd^
modius,
Lat.
kid,
or
bleating
meilim,
fail,
mit,
root
W.
meid,
measure,
meigead.
see
*mit6,
she-goat,
py/ca?,
onomatopoetic syllable.
m^il, bleat, Ir. meidhlighim, M.
Ger.
mete
(6 modii)
meidhis,
bleat,
d.
med,
m^igean, hip-joints :
bleating of a goat
Ix-qKaofxai,
bleat
Ir.
med,
measure
Hence
meidhinnean,
the
meigead,
0.
root
meathaim,
(see niaoth).
moit
meit,
Ir.
dishearten,
meadh^
a
/AeSt/xvo?,
247
LANGUAGE.
weak,
Ir.
of root
motion
GAELEC
become
E.
balance,
THE
Br.
malu,
malaff'.
grind, Eng.
Hence
meildreach, meiltir, a
meal, mill ; Lit. mdlti, molo.
of
sent
to grind, meiltear, miller.
corn
quantity
meilcheart, chilblain
(Arg.), Ir. miolchedrd
(Kerry), miolchartach,
in meilich.
root
miolcartdii, milchearta
(Tirconnell) ;
Ir.
stick
the quern
is turned, a quern,
meile, the thick
by which
meile, hand-mill
grinder ; from meil 1
Norse
meilearach, long sea-side grass ; from
mdr, bent.
become
benumbed
the
root
chill
with
be
meilich,
mel,
cold,
; from
malan,
"
"
crush, grind.
meil.
See
of peas,
etc. :
meiligea^, pea-pod, husk
meill, the cheek, Ir. meill ; G. meill, blubber-lip (M'L., M'E.),
meilleach, beilleach, blubber-lipped (meilleach, H.S.D.) ;
beilleach.
see
*mnni-,
0.
H.
m^in, meinn,
"
Ir,
bark
of
meinni-,
word.
A
Ger.
Eng.
compares
root
meinen
mem,
;
H.
G.
cf.
merja,
; Gr.
7na,rtus, hammer,
root
of
use
medi,
mind.
Tnyn,
the
to
appears
mean,
W.
SI.
metaphoric
mind,
0.
going
fore-
exist
in
Thurneysen
mien.
soft, mellow,
maro,
crush
Ir.
substantial
m^ineil, flexible,sappy,
;
E.
meirbh, spiritless,
delicate, so Ir.,
0.
smi
W.
mianach,
(Schrader).
smith
M.
"
mettle
Ir.
E.
mei, smei,
root
G.
mean,
mianach,
mein,
disposition,Ir. mem,
; seemingly
metal,
Eng.
rind
fxapatvo),
"crusher;"
mein,
from
Ir.
Ger.
meirb,
W.
milrbe, Ag.
"
ore
Trierw
S.
gritty" %
:
"^merviNorse
mearo^
destroy, fxdpvajxai,
fight ;
etc.
Hence
See
marbh
from
meirbh, digest.
the
Lat.
same
248
dictionary
etymologtcaIj
meirean
magh,
nam
(Con.) :
meirg, rnst,
Ir.
Tr. meirin
agrimony,
0.
meirg,
Ir.
it has
mergidhehan,
meirghe,
been
Ir,
banner,
merki,
root
mar,
merlech,
Stokes
; root
privative
n-fxepju),
Norse
(Zimmer).
mark
Ir.
the
; from
mergge
Ir.
E.
meirleach,
merle, theft,
or
Ir.
die.
mra
mer,
G.
compares
fade,
vier,
E.
mergl : ^inergi-^
myrkr
(cf.G.
Gr.
less
sensecompares
fxapyos,
0. W.
mergid, debilitas, 0. Br.
to
meirge,
ynirce,Norse
S.
joined
evanesco,
Br.
meirg, meirc,
meirin
(O'E.,
magh
na
meirneal, a
;
meiteal, metal, Ir. miotal ; from the Eng. metal, Lat. metallum.
Ir. meith, meath, 0. Ir. meth, W.
m6ith, fat, sappy,
unwydo, soften
kind
of hawk
'''meito- ; the
grade
the
of
in "^moiti-
(in maoth,
[meath, meith, miaotK).
root
seen
Ir.
M.
mebrugud,
See
memoria.
meomhairich
verb
meoraich.
meuchd, mixture
(Dial.): "^meik-tu,root 7neik,mik, as in measg.
Br. ment
meud, miad, size, Ir. meid, mead, W. maint. Cor. myns,
:
root
of the
form
"^mnti-,ment, "measure," a nasalised
me^,
Lat.
measure,
Norse
miar,
meur,
importance.
munr,
(^maganti-),great,
meg
finger,
"^makro-, root
stem
Lat.
or
to
0.
Ir. meur,
mak,
lean, made,
macer,
has
mann
only
queries its alliance
referred
the
root
to
Usually
Bez.
; etc.
measure
fierpov,
compared
(vb.), Gr.
metior
measured,
having
mensus,
that
Ir.
to
Gr.
suggests the
long,
/xaK/)d5,
Gr.
mighty,
great,
Zend,
jxoKpoiva
mag,
q.v.
Strachan
mer.
good luck,
it
minig,
of
with
great.
(Hes.), sharp
mac,
Brug-
(Lat.
mucro).
mhdin,
mhain,
divided
parallel
into
to
"
tantum,
mi, I,
Ir., 0.
me
; Gr.
mi-,
un-,
Ir.
prefix
and
Dor.
ut
/xe ;
W.
Eng.
minus,
mm.
rejects the
E.
form
root
It
Ir. amain.
:
a-mdin,
the
Cf.
Gr. //,ovos, alone.
fxQtvo'i,
sit magis" {na-n-md, Zeuss).
mis-, Ir., 0.
maoth,
amhdin,
Gr.
non
Ir. me,
less ; Lat.
and
only,
Cor.
mi,
; Skr.
me
Ir.
Stokes
Teutonic
me,
Br.
7ne
latter
0. Ir.
been
being
nammd,
"^me, "^me
; Lat.
md.
mi-,
less ;
my,
has
root
makes
words.
mi-
comparative
like
/xetwi/,
OF
THE
miadar, miad,
miadan,
GAELIC
249
LANGUAGE.
mead
meadow,
; from
the
Eng. meadow.
miadh, respect, esteem, so
Ir., 0. Ir. miad, fastus, dignity, 0, Br.
0.
H.
G.
fastu
*meido-, fame
:
:
kameit, jactans,
muoet,
G.
0.
M.
H.
Sax.
stolidus,
gemeit, bold,
gemed, haughty (Bez.) ;
Cf.
allied
Lat.
to Eng. meed, Gr. fxia-Oo'^,
miles, soldier.
pay,
Gr.
fame, price.
mial, louse, animal, Ir. miol, animal, whale, louse,
Gr.
:
mz7, beast. Cor., Br, mil : *7nelo-n, animal
Tt/xry,
small.
Hence
E.
Ir.
W.
mil,
jxyjXov,
sheep ;
mial-chu, greyhound,
G.
mias,
L.
mes,
dish,
(Otherwise
Ir. mias,
mil, honey,
Ir.
mil.
Voc.
in
W.
desire,
myn,
short
form
min
Vieux-Br., 145).
mess,
table,
whence
(Carm.) :
whey (Carm.)
white
mile,
myl, myll
are
Ir.
mile,
; Lat.
0.
')nile
borrowed
the Eng.
milea^, a
mileart, honey dew (N. H.) :
milidh, a champion, Ir. mileadh,
Lat.
the
mel.
g. mela, W.
Got.
mili]y ; Arm.
/xeAt,;
sweetness
words
melon
Cf.
from
Ir. mil,
; Gr.
mel
Cor.
Celtic
0.
mil,
may
Loth
(do.).
be
dish.
"^meli- ; Lat.
Br.
menja
dish,
mensa,
meni,
table,
Slov.
which
wish,
to
Tnein.
Lat.
; 0.
mean
menna,
beside
a
to
Cor.,
Br.
mil
meXr.
Ir.
mile,
(whence
thousand,
W.,
doubtless.
; from
(O'B.),E.
milidh
Ir. milid
; from
same
as
It may
above.
millteaeh,
mountain
min, meal,
Ir. min,
grass,
g.
mine,
good
0.
be
grass
Ir.
root
men
Norse
;
:
melr,
"^mind, root
bent
grass.
lessen.
min,
30
250
ETYMOLOGICAL
Ch.
Slav,
DICTIONARY
Gr.
m^-ka, meal,
knead.
jaao-o-w,
But
would
mexn-
G.
min,
menn.
give
soft, delicate, Jr.,E.
gracilis,Br.
fine
moan,
minich, explain.
the
"
; Lat.
Stokes
above
one
W.
gentle, Cor.
mwyn,
*mino-, meino-,
lessen
less, jMivvOd),
/xetwv,
min
Ir. min,
has
lessen
mez,
apparently
*meno-,
and
root
muin,
allied
Hence
derivations
two
Gr.
to
; Gr.
/xavo?
for
(a long),
thin,
minidh,
awl,
an
Ir.
M.
minaoued,
E.
meanadh,
Br.
menauet
'*'menekki-s
; Got.
; Gr.
*cionn
and
0.
W.
menad,
*minaveto-
cTjjLLXr]
(t long), chisel.
minicionn, kid's skin ; from meann
minig^, minic, often, Ir. minic,
menough
Ir
Ir.
cr/xLvur],
mattock,
(seehoicionn).
W.
mynych,
Cor.
Ger.
manch,
Eng.
menicc,
many,
manags,
Br.
mynawyd,
many.
miolasg^, flattery,fawning
?
smi, smile
mion,
small,
meanbh,
See
dog),
keen
desire
root
Lat.
min,
minor,
Also
etc.
"
minn,
insignia, 0. W.
neck
menni,
ornament,
Ag.
diadem,
0.
H.
G.
monile.
with
a
muineal
See
"^mindi-, but
miontan,
root
mean,
q.v.
monoch.
mionach, bowels, so Ir.,E. Ir. menach
; cf. W.
mionaid, a minute, Ir. minuit
(dat.); from the Eng.
mionn, an oath, Ir. mionn, g. mionna, E. Ir. mind, oath,
the
the mind
was
swearing reliques" of a saint, 0.
m^inn
the
; from
miog.
Ir. ;
so
(as
mundus,
titmouse,
mirabile, Eng.
^menni-
neck
mind,
;
chain,
cf.
Lat.
world,
; from
mm.
minor, etc., as under
Ir.
miorbhuil,
miorbhuil, a miracle,
Ir.
stem
as
gives the
(Rev. Celt.^)equates
Windisch
ornament,
Ir. miontdn
S. mene,
Stokes
further.
etymology.
no
Lat.
sertum
diadem
E.
Ir.
mirbail
; from
Lat.
Lat.
marvel.
(Fol.);
from
the
English.
W.
has
OF
mios,
month,
Cor.
mis,
mios,
Br.
Skr.
lir]v
Ir.
H.
G.
mis,
miz
"
mios,
Ir.
from
(as of
W.
mensis
mis.
Gr.
Ir.
it
mesur
Got.,
was
miosur,
E.
the
; from
*7niss6s
mi-.
See
miosach
virtue
meal),
modus,
Ir. mesar,
W.
mis,
g.
; Lat.
jnessa
miss.
flax, Ir.
medicinal
(Cameron).
miosar, a measure
0.
0.
measa,
mi,
month.
Eng.
Ir.
worse,
Ir.
g. ^mensos
*mens,
; further
0.
miosa,
g.
251
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
mios,
mi,
mas
miosa,
0.
THE
Ir.
phiala,
Eng.
messar,
Lat.
mensura,
measure.
mias, a dish.
kit, Ir. miosgdn ; from
miosgan, butter
miosguinn, envy, malice, Ir. mioscuis
{mioscuis.Con.), E. Ir. misceri,
Gr.
Ir. miscuis
miser,
( mltsos) ; Lat.
hate, 0.
;
/xicro?
mi.
wretched
root
mit,
( mit-s-ro-s)
;
Ir.
miotag, a mitten,
miotog, mitin, mittens
Eng. mitten,
; from
=
0.
mir,
Fr.
mitaine.
Ir.
Allied
mirenn
mimz
also
Lit.
(do.) ;
is Lat.
of
'^mesren-, piece
flesh
mesa,
membruTn,
member
fucus
vesiculosus
flesh.
memso-m,
mircean, kind
(Lewis).
mire, pastime,
; Got.
flesh
m^ir, pi.
of sea-weed
Ir.
; cf. N.
mdru-kjami,
M.
Ir.
mire,
madness
see
mear.
Lat.
myrrha,
mirr, myrrh, Ir. miorr, E. Ir. mirr, W. 7n^r ; from
myrrh.
Eng.
mis, miseach, maoilseach, goat, doe (Carm.) =maoisleach.
for, Ir. misde, meisde, M. Ir. meste, E. Ir. 7nesaimisd, the worse
die
messa-de,
of
"worse
;"
mios
from
and
de,
of,
misg,
Ir.
drunkenness,
milsean,
sea-weed
misneach,
mi-,
milis,
misleach,
misneachd,
*med-s-,
mistear,
mith, an
from
root
med
cunning,
obscure
'iiiiosa.
or
sweet
Ir.
"
meas
designing
humble
Ir.
milsean
mara,
sort
of
(Hend.).
sweetness
courage,
of
cf.
meisneach,
M.
Ir.
mesnech
root
mi,
mei
think, hope."
person
person
; from
; from
misd.
the
as
in
252
DICTIONARY.
ETYMOLOGICAL
mithear, weak,
mithich, proper
Ir.
crazy,
weak
mithfir,
time, tempestivus,
"^meti-,Lat. mdturus,
:
mith.
see
Ir.
0.
mithid,
mithich,
Ir.
tempestivus
Eng.
mithlean, sport, playfulness :
2^,n"jia ov fiii-mhorl cf. miodhoir.
miug'hair, niggardly ; ivoiwmi
*bnd"
bean.
wives, Ir., E. Ir. mnd, wivey
mnathan,
:
; see
Ir.
0,
W.
M.
W.
/^,
(from myn), Corn., Br.
mo, my,
wio,
wm,
my
the analogy
ma
on
(which aspirates) : '^mou, "^movo : formed
the pronominal
of do^ du, from
root
or
me
(see mi). W. myn
vianie
is allied
Zend
Lith.
to
(for ine-ne),Ch.
7)iy nmana^
Slav.
mo,
mene.
Ir.
greater,
W.
O.
mature.
mui,
(Eng.
more
root
of
ma
Ir.
indo, 7nda,
moa,
Br.
mui
mais,
more
may,
; Got.
major)
:
0.
mo,
Corn,
mor
*mdj6s
moo,
major,
(adv.), maiza,
Eng.
makskii,
M.
mochthrath,
Ir.
0.
Ir.
*7rioqsu;
soon
mocheirigh,
Hence
; also
also
Gr.
early rising,
0.
Ir. 7iioch-
matutinus
tratae,
move,
W.
Skr.
moshu,
ixdif/,
idly,rashly. See mus.
mochthrath,
early morning,
mochd,
greater
q.v.
; Zend,
soon
mox,
inwy^
greater,
W.
mo,
; Lat.
mivytho,
soften,
cf. M.
Norse
meek,
Eng.
pamper,
Ir.
unjukr, soft,
meek.
mod,
trial,meeting
court,
meeting,
modh,
Ir.
manner,
Hence
of
court
modh,
; from
law, Ag.
respect,
S. mot,
E.
Ir. mod
Eng. unoot,
from
modd\
cf.
meeting,
mot,
gemot,
Ir. i\wd, W.
0.
modh,
Norse
the
Eng.
meet.
Lat.
modus.
for
manners
musical
town-
sense.
modhan,
a
bagpipe or
also
moghun)
:
(H.S.D.,
modhar, soft, gentle (modhar, M'A.) ; from modh.
foot
or
vidg, smog.
clumsy hand
mog,
; see
mogach, shaggy, hairy :
footless
the Sc. moggan,
a
stocking ; from
mogan,
moggans.
from
oats
spirits
(Uist) :
mogan,
of a net,
mogul, a husk, mesh
(of a net), Ir. mogal, cluster, mesh
husk, apple of the eye, E. Ir. mocoll (do.),0. Ir. mocot, subtel :
the
'^mozgu-,
O.
H.
calf.
sound
I. E.
knot,
mozgko,
mesh
Ger.
masche, Eng.
macula,
is
G., mascd,
Lat.
other
of
of
mugairle, bunch
bulky, clumsy :
mogur,
moibean, moibeal, a mop,
nuts
mesh,
Lit.
mdzgas,
mesh
; Gr.
instrument
knot,
mesh
/xocrxos, sprout,
Dialect
G.
allied.
not
(Glenmoriston).
broom,
Ir.
muipal
from
Eng.
7nop,
OiP
moibleadh,
THE
253
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
gnawing,
half-chewing
Ir.
M.
Ir. moit,
0.
Br.
"
making
;"
of
mop
from
above.
moid,
vow,
W.
gofuno,
to
and
Stokes
Lat.
manus).
moid,
the
moid,
vow,
But
greater,
moide,
hand
Stokes
says
Ir. moti
more,
Bugge
S.
(cf. Ag.
mund,
votuin.
now
M.
*monti-,
polliceri,which
mmi,
hoid.
see
Ir.
W.
(Corm.)
Ir. moit
guomonian,
with
connect
E.
*mb
de.
Cf.
misd.
Lat.
this
moine,
moin,
W.
moles
peat,
Strachan
mokru,
wet.
"^mdkni-,
as
before
root
moire,
0.
moire,
Ir.
moirear,
makone,
mokni-.
lord,
0.
heap.
has
also
agrees,
if W.
Ch.
Slav.
giving
Celtic
mak,
moh,
root
doubtful
k would
disappear
a
bog.
vanity, boasting ; from
form
migen, mign,
certainly, hercle,
immuj-gu,
puddle
It is
mind
mien,
moil, molan,
; Stokes
(cf.deur).
delicacy (M'A.), moinig,
man,
a
^inokni-,
from
W.
false
moineis,
it
Lit.
Ir.
turf
takes
be
may
moss,
peat,
mawn,
{"^ml-).
lump ; cf.
compared.
Ir.
iomorro,
indeed, however,
autem.
G.
(Book of Deer), M. G.
(Muireach
Albanach),
mormar
morbhaii'
Ir.
mormhaer
(M'V.), M.
imunnor
and
inioT
(M'Firbis) ; from
great steward."
maor,
moirneas, great cascade, streams
(Oss. Ballads) ; from mbr and eas ?
Ir.
moit, pride, sulkiness,
moiteamhuil,
sulky, nice, pettish (Con.,
O'R., M'F.) ; cf. E. Ir. mochtae, magnified, *mog-tio-s, root
"
mol,
praise, advise,
Tiiawl,laus,
be
met,
milns,
love,
mol, mal,
Br.
very
Ir.
Ir.
meuli
many,
boasting, praise.
moidem,
0
molaim,
Ir.
molid,
'^molo, "^mdto,
/xaAa,
; Gr
strong
Windisch
0.
great.
7nag,
mog,
Ch.
"
; Lat.
very
Slav,
laudat,
magnify
meiior,
eminere
iz-moleti,
Gr.
ask.
;"
W.
moli,
root
mol,
better
; Lit.
(Stokes).
Lit.
myleti,
Norse
mol, g. malar, pebbles,
shingly beach
; from
the
beach
me/, grind.
pebbles on
; root
Ir.
molach, hairy, rough,
mothlach, rough, bushy (O'K.),muthaiach,
If the
Irish
form
is right, it cannot
be allied
shaggy (Fob).
I. E. m/o-s, wool, Gr. /zaAAos, wool, tuft. Lit. millas, woollen
to
bed
of
stuft',
moll, chaff,
7Rulda,
Borrowed
Ir.
moll
dust,
from
0.
(O'R.),W.
H.
Welsh
G.
mwl
molt,
1
"^viuldo-
dust,
mould
Eng.
;
;
root
mould.
mel,
Got.
grind.
254
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
mollachd,
m611tair,
molltair,
; the
cnrse
mould
; from
miller's
monadh,
0.
Br.
share
mountain
root
Northern
W.
meal
or
(Lq-^'i^) multure
Cor.
mons,
:
eminent.
"
menit, menethj
^monijo-, ^menijo-^
Cf.
Welsh
middle
Inscription
of St
name
mountain-king
Monedorigi,
Andrews
Rig-monatk (Chronicles). The Ir. monadh
appears
The
G. word
have
only in Lh. ; O'Br. gives monadh.
may
borrowed
been
from
the
Picts
along with the place-names in
which
it appears
it
is
in
rare
:
Argyle topography,
heed
:
monaid,
monais, slowness, negligence ; root men, stay, Gr. /xeyw.
"
; also
mountain
menez,
q.v.
mould.
mynydd,
Eng
eminere,
men,
grain
mallachd,
of
Eng. moulter,
of the
range,
M. Br.
-mo7iid,
form
G.
"
monar,
dimunitive
chaff, dross
monasg",
thing, monaran,
or
person
; from
the
of the
root
mote
see
munar.
above.
monmhur,
Lat.
murmur.
Ir. mbr,
great,
mor,
Br.
Gaul,
meur,
in
jjnopos,
0.
-mdro-s
W.
mdi\
;
Gr.
0.
great,
-jjnopos,
great ; Got.
mdri, famed, -mar
G.
H.
mdrchen,
Norse
tale,
0.
maior,
spear-throw
proclaim,
Ger.
Ir. mor^
maur,
(iyx^o-c-
famed
merian
famed,
-mers,
Germanic
in
famous
mcierr,
etc.); Lat.
Cor.
W.,
names
Slav,
shorter
-meru
of
(Vladimir,
Eng.
merus,
in mo,
the stem
i^mdro-) appears
greater (md-),q.v.
M.
land
liable
Ir.
to
sea
morbhach,
flooding, Ir. murbhach,
muir
and
Hence
the
locative
from
magh.
murmhagh
;
G. name
Ir. muirbheach,
of Lovat.
A' Mhor'oich, the
Aran
sandy soil by the seaside.
morghath, a fishing spear ;
sea-spear,"from muir and gath % M.
Ir. murgai
(B. of Lis.).
mere.
form
"
mornan,
small
murder,
mort,
of mors,
mort-
mortar,
mosach,
mortar,
awoke,
M.
mort,
mortis,
Ir. morndn
Ir.
martad,
slaughtering
; from
Lat.
death.
Ir. mortaoil
nasty, dirty
mosgail, waken,
he
dish,
timber
Ir.
the
; from
Eng.
musach.
see
arouse,
diiisg.
mosradh,
coarse
suffix
mothaich,
0.
Ir.
Lettic
seek.
radh.
dalliance, mosraiche,
See
perceive,
musach
Ir.
for
smuttiness
; from
mos
with
root.
mothuighim,
M.
Ir.
mothaigim,
perceive,
mothaiqid,
OF
mothan,
mdthar,
violet
bog
loud
THE
mu,
of
the
mothar,
sea,
noise
from
as
cave
about,
Gaul,
muc,
255
LANGUAGE.
noise, swelling
(M'A.) :
mothar, a park, clamp
with
a
place studded
a
GAELIC
Ir. um,
ambi
pig,
mucus,
enclosure,
mothar,
W.
nose,
Cor.,
am,
em
am-,
mucus
; Skr.
nose
ju-^'^a,
phlegm,
; Gr.
ixvKryjp,
Br.
Gr.
moch,
muccus,
the
wipe
aTrofjiva-a-o),
bushes
Ir. mucc,
0.
; Lat.
Ir.
(Arm.), M.
trees
Ir. muc,
*7nuhku-
of
muncdti,
let
loose.
muca^,
hip
hep,
or
above.
muc
Cf.
much,
smother,
smoke, W.
press
Gr.
of
down,
be
dog-rose, M.
the
jjiVKrjs,
smoke,
mwg,
miga^
fruit
from
mushroom,
Ir., 0.
Cor.
Ir. milchaim,
mok,
Ir.
the
also
Ir.
smoulder
much,
smoke
cation,
mik, suffo*mitko-, root
smuk,
root.
same
E.
stifle,Br.
megi,
suffocated, moguet,
; from
mucora
o-[xvxw,
from
the
Ag. S.
(O'B.).
for
mtldan, a covering, covering
a
:
gun
mugha, destruction, decay, Ir. mugha, a perishing,straying, M. Ir.
miigud, slaying, mogaim, I slay :
mu^harn,
ankle, joint, Br. migorn,
ankle, so Ir. ; cf. W. migwrn,
Stokes
to Lat.
cartilage,which
point.
mucro,
compares
E.
Ir.
muidhe, a churn,
muide, a vessel, buide, a churn, W. buddai,
churn.
buide
and
buddai
Stokes
to Gr.
ttlOos,jar,
compares
Lat.
fldelia,pot,
muidhe
has
been
which
is
related
compared
to
The
form
Eng. body.
modius, a peck, Fr. muid,
to
Lat.
hogshead.
the Sc. mutch, Ger.
miltze.
muidse, a mutch
; from
Ir.
muig, mu^,
cloudiness, gloom, surliness,
miiig : "^mwiki-, root
1
muk, smoke, as in miich 1 Or *muggi-, allied to Eng. muggy
muigh, a muigh, outside ; see mach.
muilceann, fell-wort, Ir. m^uilcheann
:
from
beloved
'^'molico-,
mol, praise '?
muileach, dear,
:
muileag, a cranberry :
muileann, a mill, so Ir., 0. Ir. mulenn, muilend, W., Corn., Br.
melin
Lat.
a
molina,
mill, molo, grind (see rneil).
; from
G. muillear, miller, E. Ir. ynuilledir,is for *7n,uilnedir.
muileid,
muillean,
muillean,
see
mule,
coined
(of hay
mul, heap.
truss
; from
million,
from
Ir.
mille, a
or
straw)
milliun;
thousand.
mulus.
Lat.
under
muillion,
Ir. muille
from
:
moll.
cf. Sc.
from
the
mullio
L.
(Orkney),
Lat.
and
millionem,
256
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
small
muilteag,
muime,
step-mother,
certain
; Lit.
damp
Lat.
muin,
muin,
suck
jnud,
root
nurse,
Lat.
muime, a
*mu"i-s-7iijd,nurse,
mulier,
bath.
mdudyti,
G.
H.
Ch.
memii,
monisto,
also
also
Skr.
E.
mutt
Ir.
muineal,
urine
a,
ball
moth,
the
Ag.
See
Dan.
is
Lat.
E.
Ir.
Ir.
from
Norse
Norse
muiniur,
so
muir,
Br.
Ger.
Ir.
sea,
mo?;
meer
Gaul.
; Ch.
munilik,
0. Sax.
love,
munr,
moe,
q.v.
and
; Swed.
Gr.
"^mori-gen-.
lovable
root
mundus.
root
and
muinighin,
see
from
muir,
7noriSlav,
the
0.
:
Ir. muinter,
cf.
to
muir,
"^mori-, sea
gen.
by
mora,
; Lat.
charge,
as
monastery
monasteries
Ir.
muntar.
Gilterbock
and
monasterium,
Lat.
applied
0.
mare
Irish
an
; the
writers,
W.
mor,
Eng.
Cor.,
7nere^
morje.
number,
leprosy ; from rniir, a countless
a
muirgheadh,
fishing spear ; see morghath.
muirichinn, children, family, Ir. muiridhin,
"^mori-, care,
*moni-
; from
etc.).
muire,
memory;
I think,
is often
familia
the
Br.
back,
muin,
TYidlme
Ger.
early borrowing
word
mvmwgl
(m.), M.
myng
of
mon
muinntir, household,
is
W.
Gaelic.
to
(Lat. mens,
Eng. mind,
muinne, stomach
(Arg.). Cf. mionach.
beauteous
muinnte, munnda,
; cf. Lat.
mtiinnteachd, disposition (Dial.); for
This
penis,
mutto,
q.v.
W.
think
Ir.
muto,
confidence, trust,
love, desire,
0.
befoul
mu,
hand.
manus,
men,
Gaulish
mon,
especially close
munchille
muinighin,
meu,
muinel,
of ynuin, back,
mane,
muinichill, muilichinn
E.
mene,
root
mun,
also
muineul,
"^moni-
Eng.
manke
neck-chain
muineal, muing.
necklace
7nonile,
S.
neck
inwn,
or
possibly
Ir
; from
Further
W.
ferda.
neck,
*7nonikLo-
Lat.
torque.
urine, E. Ir.
"suckler,"
back, neck,
ornaments,
Ir. mun,
Ir.
been
munim
neck
necklace.
collar
aavio.Krj's,
muin, micturate,
Ir. muin,
mdnyd,
neck
Slav,
had
E.
E.
nurse,
[xv^m,suck, /xvSos,
paralleled to
sister,stepmother.
has
inuhme, mother's
teach, instruct, Ir. muinim, 0. Ir.
the
muileag.
; Gr.
woman
It
Ger.
mainma,
See
bnime^
stepmother:
nurse,
TRumme,
red
root
mer,
ixkpifxva,
care;
smer,
Skr.
q.v.
charge,
remember;
smarati,
Lat.
family
memoria,
think,
mind,
OF
muirn,
my
8mer,
threat, muiseag
mean,
sordid
mutsje,
conical
"^mulu-
Cf.
mor,
mer,
Norse
the
root,
Eng.
the
; from
of
mutdikin,
Sc.
bottle.
Ir. mul,
E.
moil,
jutting
heap
Ir.
mul-,
"mull,"
crag,
of dried
little
mulon,
conical
the
for
(O'B.) :
; from
muli,
of musach.
muB,
musach
see
pint,
eighth part
an
Fr.
; from
mutchkin
heap, mound,
; cf.
snout.
fellow
muisiall
English
an
(Arm,)
Ir. muisean
primrose,
muzzle, Ir.
mavourneen,
above.
Dutch
a
muiricliinn
in
as
muiseag',
muisean,
muisean,
muiseal,
muisginn,
mul,
257
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
eminence
Ger.
maul,
mul-conain,
grass,
suppurating
mul, axle, Ir mul, mol, E. Ir. mol, shaft ; cf. Gr. jxeXcrj,
ash, spear.
mulachag,
cheese, Ir., M. Ir. mulchdn
a
:
sadness
1
mutter
mulad,
; root
7nu,
dwarf
Ir.
mulart,
elder,
mulabhdrd,
malahhiir, mulart
(O'B.):
mule, push, butt ; cf. Lat. m/alceo, mulco, stroke, beat.
mule, a shapeless lump, lump ; mulean, a pustule ; cf. meall :
the
mullach,
*inuldako-, "^''muldo-,
:
top, Ir., 0. Ir. mullach
top,
head
sore.
x4g. S. molda,
of
crown
head
the
Skr.
7nurdhdn,
top,
head,
mult,
wedder,
maout,
"
mutilate
triturate.
munar,
Russ.
;"
Lat.
multo,
trifle, a
unless,
Ir.
trifling person,
unless),
; from
cut
0.
up,
Fr.
whence
Br.
vervex,
crush, grind,
G.
H.
muljan,
mouton,
sheep,
countless
fjLvpLos
ni,
influence
; from
"if
of gur
has
and
E.
mona,
not."
The
loch.
amur
Ir.
Ir., 0.
G.
verbal
of the
becoming mur-robh.
palace, Ir., E. Ir. mur,
and
mien
Monaghan
moni,
mun,
not
or
person
for
is
particle
W.
mur
Lat.
; from
wall,
(as of insects),E.
number
compares
TrXrjfivpLs
(v short
countless
gen. munlocha
Ir. mur
;
Ir.
{v long), countless,
Stokes
diminutive
monar,
mun-robh
wall, bulwark,
murus,
mur,
the
to
M.
if,and
7na,
possibly due
ro(in robh)
a
(Donegal
muna
7Runa,
mani
mur,
mols,
mutton.
acht
Cor.
met, mol,
"^molto-,root
thing :
munganachd,
bullying :
munloeh, a puddle, Ir. munloch,
mur,
mollt,
moliti, cut,
M.
Hence
W.
molt,
sheep (mas.)
Eng.
Ir.
Ir., 0.
thousand
abundance
Skr.
bhuri,
Gr.
many.
7r\y]jjLjxvpa
[v long),
-jjivpa
flood.
Mur, leprosy
long), flood tide,
rather
or
ten
Ir. mur,
Gr.
of
number,
31
258
ETYMOLOGICAL
Ir.
sea-bent,
muran,
Norse
has
murcach,
Norse
bent
muraineach,
; from
grass
the
muir,
sea.
goose-grass.
mura^
Ir.
sorrowful,
anxiety,
DICTIONARY
Tnorc^hed,
now
could
myrkr
murcach
murcach,
Cor.
moreth,
be
only
; cf.
allied
M.
Br.
Tnorchet^
Eng. murhy,
Cf. Lat.
borrowing.
chagrin.
by
droop.
marceo,
of
murlach,
basket,
basket
fishing
sand
for
and
eels
narrow-mouthed
basket
wilks
basket
of
form.
mus,
particle ; it is
musach, nasty, Ir.
Br.
be
mud,
Ir.
; Gr.
wet
or
decay
G.
muin,
inusgaid, L.
[ivcros
; Lit.
verbal
Lat.
mox.
effluvia, stinking,
*musso-, *mud-so-,
defilement,
ixvS-a-os),
dirty
mudas,
Eng. mud,
M.
as
"^moqsu,
from
foul
musket,
used
mox,
mosach
(mu), soil,befoul,
mu
soon,
mos,
moch, being
to
lxv8o"s,
clamminess,
musg",
Ir.
allied
muck,
mous,
root
0.
; cf.
ere
sea-grass
root
etc.
Ir. muscaed
(F. M.)
from
the
root
m?2,
Eng.
rheum
musg,
about
befoul,
be
in
moss
muscus,
This
in
wet,
dry-rot
musgan,
Eng.
; also
in
gives
also
words
are
the
wood,
not
of
eyes,
gore
discussed
as
is
pith
mtisgan,
musgan,
word
M'E.
the
under
H.S.D.,
common
part
porous
meanings
evidently the same.
fish
but
Lit.
it is
muin.
mouldiness
mould.
(pi.),
musai
implied
in Arm.
of
(H.S.D.).
bone
attached
to
Gr.
mdtan,
; Lat.
and
is
musgan
Armstrong
above
; the
Ir. muisiun,
codlata, hazy
miisuinn, confusion, tumult,
^
From
motion
preceding sleep.
Eng.
mutach,
short, E. Ir. mut,
everything short : ^mutto-, root
dock
; Lat.
use.
the
horse
mustiness,
;
the
; from
eyes
musach,
Ir. musgan,
mushroom
moss,
in
wood,
of the
mutilus,
maimed
state
mut,
jxLTvXos,hornless.
mutan,
miota^, with
muft; fingerlessglove,
a
leaning
on
mutach,
also
mutag
short.
(Arms.)
Thurneysen
; from
takes
OF
it from
mutach
without
^69
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
reference
Ir. has
miotag.
to
muth6g
(Con.).
muth,
W.
M.
change,
; from
mudaw
Lat.
muto^
change.
N
in
n-, from,
na,
not,
is
Ir.
ablaut
an
na
Lat.
dv-, Lat.
Gr.
n-,
na,
Ir.
vel,
or,
allies
it
but,
q.v.
na,
form
mood
the
of
Lat.
ne,
neg.
Gr.
we,
W.
; the
ov
ov/c,
It
Ir. no,
Gr.
nod,
nuo,
1890,
Ir. nd,
Gr.
Ir., 0.
can
W.
neu
solely.
prefix in
vi]- ; shorter
is nac,
51,
hardly
be
he
'^nev
Skr.
vevco,
Beit.^^
Bez.
Strachan
na, than,
of I. E.
as
E.
Lat.
Eng. noiv).
imperative
5.
I.E.
is
with
nag,
na.
nd,
to
in
the
etc. ; further
Eng. not {ne-d-wiht),
See
nach, which
Eng. un-, Gaelic an-.
m-,
Br.
imperative,
m,
herewith
connected
with
see
number
an-
independent
ablaut
Got.
we-,
used
and
an
(see ^o?^-, "?i-),
form
Ir.
nios, Ir., 0.
nuas,
Ir,, 0.
ne,
It
(Stokes,
nduate,
refers
it
separated
from
remove
go,
the
to
neo,
who
;
root
7iUy
otherwise,
agrees.
i7id,E.
Ir.
M.
Ir.
inda, indds,
0.
Ir. ind
as,
indds,
in and
the
td, to be
pi. ind ate (read inddte) ; from
prep,
the
other
refers
to
parative
(Zeuss^, 716-7, who
prepositional comfrom
The
in
of
in
use
ol, de)
conjunction oldaas,
also be compared.
locative
0. Ir. as
the relative
may
inna
E. Ir.
what, that
which, id quod, M. Ir. ina, ami,
n-,
0. Ir. rel. an
of art.) and
ana
nan
(really neuter
; for
a,
G.
rel.
which
a,
relative,
is
would
what
'na, 'na-,
in
come.
his,
pronouns
in
Descent
see.
favoured
her,
by
Possibly
both
from
ni,
or
as
without
ni
do
any
this.sad,of
sources.
prep,
(also ad,
Deer,
of
; the
(my)
in
ni
from
Book
an
with
the
E.
Ir. at,
possessive
it),'nur,
'na
'nan.
nabaidh, nabuidh,
same
nigh-dweller,"
that
not
nach, not,
(conj.),that
nach,
see
ko
as
W.
nac,
and
above,
been
has
in
-que
nag,
ko or
Br.
in
Ir.
neque
it does
W.
na
naile, yea
an
interjection:
*nako,
Gr.
from
against
ovk
to
the
appear
nat%ir
nadur, nature,
ndditr,
Ir.
naid
(Sh.,
naid, a lamprey
O'B.),
Ir. nuaidheachd,
naidheachd, news,
new.
as
referred
usually
Lat.
not
nd-bui, neighbour,
Norse
Eng. neighbour.
*? Ir.,E.
nonne
quin (rel.),
in roots
not,
as
the
; from
neighbour
the
"
; from
same
ov
na,
Ir.
not, which
(Stokes).
pronominal
The
origin
in neach.
Lat.
natura"
W.
newyddion
from
nuadh^
260
ETYMOLOGICAL
naird,
DICTIOJ^ARY
"
prep,
This
adverb
is similar
which
naire, shame,
be
Ir.
see
E.
ndire,
Gr.
sober,
in
and
all of
namhaid,
an
ndmat,
Gr.
thall,
ndmait
All),
crime.
vw/xaw,
nehmen,
out.
out.
Of.
0.
Ir.
ndma,
g.
seize, take
nem,
; 0.
; Zend,
nimble
G.
H.
neinanh,
and
Corn.,
W.,
(see a 5)
an
distribute
ve/xw,
take, Eng.
curse.
name,
; from
ndmhaid,
g. namhad,
'^'ndmant-, root
nom,
Ger.
rapine,
word,
next
WTath, nemesis,
vefiea-Ls,
ndma,
nagh^
root
sober,
nilchtem, fasting,
side, Ir., 0.
q,v.
Ir.
enemy,
this
to
mach,
Norse
from
visitation
mischief
pi. n.
the
hhan^
"^nagro-,shameful,
niuhseini,
naitheas, harm,
nail, from
over,
to
6.
number
Ir. ndre
naisneach, modest
; compare
wariness
naistinn, care,
;
Got.
construction
Br.
nam,
blame.
na'n
n-,
The
G.
da
0.
form
naoi, nine,
Lat.
"
So
Pers.
n-,
; Manx
an
dy.
its descent
puzzling, though
Corn,
W.,
Ir.
Gr.
force
Ph.^
Celt.
in
E.
Ir.
Ger.
from
ndem, noeh,
Pers.
infant
ntiv
(
{no
Bez.
(do.).
'^'ne-vid-,
v";-7rtos,
qei
Ir. noib
0.
ndvan.
:
(do.),root
'''nevii ;
noiden
gen.
*?io- vidian
now
nao
; Skr.
neiin
rryTrtos,
ttlvvtos
Br.
naiv,
ndidiu,
-mfo"s,wise,
naomh,
of
ciall,
7ie);
cf.
"^noilo-s
the
suggests
of Lettic
snipe,
for
naiha, beautiful,
alternative
naosga,
rel.
and
de
or
Eng. nine,
Ir., 0.
so
Cf.
Stokes
Ir.
n-,
ev-vka ;
one), from
holy,
0.
is
Ir. ndi
"
non-witted
naomh,
0.
infant,
an
not-wise
di
prep,
for
; Gr.
novem
q.v.
with
Ir.,
so
naoidhean,
the
m-
Ir. dd
undoubted.
seems
n-
Ir. dian
da
n-,
Ir.
sneib, snib
Eng.
of
snipe 1
negative particle of wishing
nar,
nasag,
nasg",
an
a
root
Lat.
"^ni-air,for
; air
not
and
nt.
shell
:
empty
band, tieband, collar, Ir., E.
nusca,,
The
fibula, Norse
verb
nedh
nexus,
suggested.
oiasg,
0.
nist, brooch
Ir. -nascim,
is in Skr.
nahyati.
etc., and
See
the
snaim
Ir.
root
Ir.
:
nasc
^ndh-sho-,
appears
Others
snet
root
in Br.
make
of
; 0.
*nasko-
as
the
sndth,
ndh
H.
(Brug.).
naska.
root
q.v.,
G.
The
negli of
has
been
further,
a
n-aisge,freely, aisge, a
gift.
See
OF
nitre
natar,
nathair,
M.
; from
Br.
azr
Norse
nad'7-yEng.
is nat,
nos)
adder.
of the
our
and
as
kd
Ir.
7iadrs,
regarded
are
whose
natrix,
root
be
*ni-sed-,
from
Ir.
heaven,
env
grove
vejuw
(do.),
v"fX"Tov,
Prof.
Lat.
from
ne
pronominal
Br.
neid,
Corn,
; Skr.
0.
Ir. neiii,
nidas.
stem
neiz:
nez,
Supposed
Skr.
Ger.
to
the
nebh,
root
also
; but
the
is the
Lat.
Gr.
or
ve^nqTov
lately (1895) by
cloudy, Gr. v"(/)o?,
nasalized
e7iv
(Stokes).
pearl,
V);
root
is
ea
niamnuid,
(for nem
onyx
neff,
has
Gaelic
Br.
Ir.
M.
be
Br.
distribute,
nem,
and
M.
reverence
Gaulish
Often,
(see neid)
nebula
root
take.
sacellum.
to
nef,
bowing,
ndmas,
nehinen,
Corn,
W.,
vkjxos,pasture
referred
Rhys,
cloud,
Ir. nemed,
0,
nekurs,
neque).
nyth.
nest
neb,
nep,
the
takes
is the
qo
-que,
Eng.
neamli,
; Gr.
nemus,
Br.
something,
Stokes
the
dently
independnne.
under
sit down."
"
*nemos
used
ni, -ni,
nekas,
Lit.
sin-ne,
pron.
pers.
further
See
Ir. net, W.
nidus
1st
Ir.
(see na)
E.
; Lat.
now
0.
kd, anyhow.
ne
^nizdo-s
n^amh,
"
ne-qo-
ne
root
pi. of
the
to
sntfix.
0.
*neqo-,
Lett,
negative
words
Lat.
with
nader,
Got.
;
snake
water
Teutonic
connected
father
"
Ir. neach,
quisquam
quidam,
nead,
natrix,
The
7ieidr, Corn,
W.
nathir,
Ir.
participle added
anyone,
the
0.
swim.
n-athair-ne,
neach,
nitre.
; Lat.
scarcely
as
emphatic
ar
Ir.,
so
261
LANGUAGE.
natron,
"^natrtx
by Kluge
-ne,
Eng.
serpent,
GAELIC
THE
E.
Ir.
of
7iem
neam/i.
neanntag',
nettle,
Ir.
nea7itdg, E.
Ir.
nenntai, nettles,
nenaid.
See
deanntag.
down,
daughter
it
is
(Oss. Ballads)
interesting
to
if
word
with
it
compare
properly
the
root
handed
of
the
following.
neart,
strength,
Gaul,
Lat.
Norse
nerto-,
Umbr.
Ir.
7ieart, 0.
root
ner
nerus,
JVjord'r;
Lit.
Ir. nert,
; Skr.
viros.
noreti,
ndr,
Sab.
to
W.,
man
Nero,
will.
Corn.
; Gr.
7ierth,Br.
avqp
fort is ; Tent.
7ierz,
(root nei-);
Nerthus,
262
ETYMOLOGICAL
weazel
neas,
neasgaid,
neasg,
E.
from
neimh,
"
poison,
something
turnip ;
air
neo,
neo-,
Ir. ness,
the
Ir.
is
ne
be
neoinean,
the
M.
Cf.
the
curious
in the
stye
M.
Ir. nem,
in
is
what
; Lat.
Ir.
ni,
Ir.
0.
ni,
H.
the
Ger.
of the
remains
of
bu,
(Arg.) ;
eye
from
unwont."
Also
cf. leamhnad.
stebnagan
Ir
Ger.
ni,
ni, thing,
W.
niwl,
nebel, mist
W.
ni
nein
'^nei ; 0.
; 0.
*ne-est
Slav,
sa-ei, that-ei,
(Gr. d,
says
which
I.
Zimmer
which
E.
ni,
Some
have
will
*nest,
; Zend
neque
either
ei-so, this
the
ni
regarded
Slav.
here),
the
or
as
from
e^,
ni
form
is,
of
(conj.),
that
Gaelic
which
^gnithe, factum,
h-
pronominal
of
Lat.
of
nis,
nae-
pronominal
in
particle seen
locative
instrumental
an
the
Got.
to
compares
is
(t long),
ovTocr-i
Lat.
curtailed
ei,
0.
mist
mist.
ni,
ni,
niula,
v""f)"\rj
; Ger.
Gr.
and
neo-
non-aspirating.
thing, Ir. nidh, 0. Ir. ni, res, probably a
0. Ir. a7ii, id quod, from
and
the
art.
neut.
will
*ne-ho-
subj.
nist,
cattle
noon-flower,"
"
"
nabhas,
Thur.
V7)-.
ni,
ndpus.
is doubtful.
bo
Celtic
suffix
ni,
neh-, neph-
ni, but
:
daisy, Ir. noinin
Eng. daisy for force.
:
*neo-gnathach,
nebula
; Skr.
nebo, sky
Gr.
Ir.
styen.
*neblo-s
0.
E.
next,
ni, not,
Lat.
from
nepe,
0.
?ia,
regards
distribute
seen
that
the
neonach, eccentric,
cf. Sc.
iieep,
schneide,
not."
noon.
neonagan,
Sc.
negative
neonan,
nbin,
nem-,
the
suggests
"
root
*ness-conti-^
Ger.
Stokes
neg.
Ir. nem,
0.
neimh,
given,"
in urchoid
neainli-^neimh-,
Zimmer
be
snit, cut.
Eng.
otherwise, alioquin (conj.); see
neo,
un-,
root
{"^snit-so-,
^7iekso-,root
nimk,
from
Ir. nescoit
found
from
as
Ir.
E.
neascoid,
wound
-conti-
wound,
ness,
Ir.
boil,
sued), and
Sc.
n^ip,
nios.
see
DICTIONARY
e,
see
o-
Gr.
he.
in
do.
; this
Ir.
is the
same
as
0.
ni, thing.
dogni, facit
dean, gniomh.
nia, gen. niadh, a champion, niadhas, valour,
niata, courageous,
Ir. forniaita, brave, E.
M.
Ir. nia, g. niath^ possibly Ogam
(*neta
?) : "^'neid-,Gr. dvetSos, revile. Lit. ndids,
neta, netta
ni,
do,
gnim,
do,
Ir.
see
Ir.
nic,
hatred,
Skr.
nind,
{Led.)
cfs. the
Teut.
Gaelic
preserved
patronymic
female
M.
Ir. ini, an
mock,
or
*ni-sed-,
nan]^, venture,
down-setter
"?
this
would
strive
Rhys
give
d.
prefix, M.
abbreviation
of
Gaelic
0.
Ir.
nee
(D.
ingen,
now
of
OF
and
nighean
stands
recorded
nigh,
1566
in
Ne
mhic
ni
or
E.
nios,
neas,
niOS,
from
water
Ger.
power,
past tenses.
a
weazel, Ir.
below,
5) and
nis,
Ir.
0.
nix
nij, clean.
; Skr.
anios,
anois, M.
(now a?^)
ind
Ir.
up,
eas{6g),0.
neas,
E.
Ir.
Ir. ants
ness
is the
rn
; from
number
(see a
an
los.
Ir.
now,
have
Charters).
(M'Leod
Ir.
of
daughter,"
grand-
we
"
wash,
Kenze
iiic,really
G.
The
7}ihic
inghean
V^
Ir.
laveris
Nick,
for
263
LANGUAGE.
GAELFC
THE
in
appears
Ir.
the
of
bhos,
anosa,
E.
article
and
The
q.v.
Ir.
G.
form
fois,
Ir. indossa
0.
innossai,
ijidorsa,this
hour
word
The
rest.
now),
is
Ir.
M.
nios,
usual
and
Ir. ni
's.
The
id
quod,
stead,
some
was
in
as
G.
form
of
ni is.
Ir.
G.
An
tan
niuc,
Skeat
or,
thinks
vel,
Ir.
An
nd,
with
ni
; Lit.
night
nochd, naked,
bu
na
used
neuk,
is the
Eng.
E.
Ir,, 0,
ni ba
thogradh
Sc.
the
Corn,
Eng.
Skr.
nodadh,
nodha,
new
noyih,
; Skr.
nochdadh,
Br.
noaz
; further
naked
see
The
mho
m6
do
to
dheunamh
dheanamh.
in Sc.
M.
had
Hence
Gaelic,
nok.
Eng.
iuc.
Dial.
W.
neu
see
na.
; Gr.
vv^, vvktos
; Got.
the
art.
and
nos
neyzor,
nahts, Eng.
ndkti.
cf. Lat.
nagnd.
a
nod, suggestion
better,
borrower.
Ir. no,
noctis
nox,
naktis
Ir.
is.
was
is
recourse
nochd,
*nokti-
she
and
degraded form of
id quod (see na) ;
clearness,
been
the
from
do
tan
have
never
corner
's is not
na
'.sis
na
thogradh
ni 's should
is," from
simply na
mediaeval
with
ni, for old ana^
development
in its
now
lost, the simple a (art.) being used
As
the
0. Ir.
in
it was
a
impossible to use
na
construction
Thus
that
"thing
comparative
no,
is
Gaelic
true
Ir. is
the
Ir. ni
substantive
; from
nudus
the
{^nogvidus)
W.
G.
\ Slav,
noeth.
nacot,
nagil
Eng.
nuadh.
face
nolgeiseach, snuffy
noigeanach
(D.
264
ETYMOLOGICAL
noigean,
noggin,
the Eng.
Ir. noin,
thinks
noin,
noon,
the
; from
nawn
Ir.
DICTIONARY
noigin
the
are
from
the
borrowers
Eng.
; but
this
E.
evening, noon,
hora, ninth
g. nona,
Lat. nona
Skeat
noggin.
is
Ir.
hour
unlikely,
noin,
of
W.
nana,
the
day,
or
o'clock.
noir, the
before,"
if
looks
one
the
noli
an
morning sun
(see a number
5) and air.
; from
Ir.
E.
Ir.
W.
aig, Christmas,
nodlog,
7iotlaic,
nadolig
Lat. natalicia, the Nativity.
at
norra,
n6s^
wink
voixo"i,
Ir.,E.
law, Lat.
words
are
Ir.
custom,
Stokes
W.
W.
nds,
natvs,
from
the
M.
Br.
Welsh
^nomso-
gives
(M'Rury)
neuz
he
above.
as
from
The
Gadelic
the
(see
gnaws
alone
Gadelic
for
Gr.
^nomzo-,
naws,
stem
as
thinks
Thurneysen
numerus.
borrowed
gnath).
norradh
sleep (Arran),
of
; from
ideal
; the
would
stem
be
nouuid,
Gr.
Skr.
'nuair, when,
the
"the
word
nuall, nuallan,
Skr.
as
down,
nuig,
conmci
nuimhir,
notarius.
Lat.
; Got.
*novio-s
W.
newydd,
0.
novus,
Novius
; Lit.
naujas
; Lat.
niujis, Eng.
new
Br.
navati
Ir.
Ir.
Lettic
nuaill, E.
nauju,
Ir.
cf. the
E.
anuair,
cry
the
Ir. innuair:
Ir. Jiiiall
;
0.
H.
interjectionmo
art.
*nouslo-n
G.
niumo,
nuar,
my
and
nas.
woe,
above,
from
Ir.
above,
0.
anuas
see
number
Ir.
gonice (B.
Deer),
*con-do-icci
:
thig, come.
; see
Ir. ; from
Lat.
so
numerus.
number,
far as,
as
7iuide,
nue,
novio-
uair, q.v.
howling, cry,
praise,rejoicing.
sad, surly ;
nuas,
Ir.
that,"
nuarranta,
nu
0.
hour
cry,
nu,
root
; from
milk,
ass,
a.
navy
and
Ir. notire
and
new,
7iuarranta.
see
new
young,
veos,
nua,
Gaul,
neuez,
; from
G.
of
nuige, go nuige, E.
Ir.
Usually uimhir,
q.v.
'n
uiridh,
0.
null,
last
Ir. dat.
year,
U7^id.
to
over,
^nuraidh^
See
of the
E.
Ir.
on
the
innuraid
; the
nunn
See
na.
nunn,
Ir.
0. I. inunn
the
beyond,
anonn,
; from
here "), W.
(see a 5) and sund, here (" from
hwnt,
both
and
cf.
for
roots
"^suno-to-,
to
sou
pronominal
;
this.
The
( so-u-to-s),
pronominal forms beginning
over,
an
prep,
Br. hont
Gr.
tOf
or
and
ultimately.
without
and
art.
uiridh.
; for
beyond
dissimilation
nunn,
Ir.
o,
are
all
from
the
roots
so
in
ovto"s
so
and
and
to
OF
265
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
0, the
0,
interjection
from,
Ir.
ab,
oflf ; Lat.
Also
!"
! oh
0.
o,
Ir. o,
in
as
au-,
bho,
"
Ir.
vocative
see
{ho, hua)
ua
take
aufero,
^ava
; Skr.
dva,
Ch.
SI. u-,
Pruss-
',
away
a.
away,
au-.
q.v.
since, when,
with
the
rel.
refers
it to
as
"
bonn
Stokes
ocar,
Ag.
och,
on
sighing
owl
; Let.
octo
Gr,
Ir.
od, yonder,
yon
oda, tongue
oda, horse-race
fight.
odhar, dun, so
umbra
{
see
be
may
ud.
N.
suggests,
alas
with
Thurneysen
the
has
idea
eis;
"^o^^d ;
!"
this
och
From
and
the
eadhon.
Ir.
See
accorus.
suggested
allied
as
Ir. odar
*odro-s,
*jodros,
query,
referred
being
(Carm.)
race-course
cry.
The
acras.
ker,
root
kor.
oddr,
(Uist), race,
Ir., E.
E.
ugla, Eng.
Norse
ashtau.
; Skr.
under
ocarus,
usury,
ochfad,
vae,
i^'^^^(*okti),Br.
ahtaii
literally
ocrus,
of land
watery,
Got.
discussed
want,
careo,
uka,
n-, W.
Ir. ocht
"
on
on,
hunger,
0.
oktm
och
pronoun
Lat.
Serb,
az^^a, stormwind,
uch,
noise,
itself.
suggests
okr,
veg.
Ir.
0.
abije,
Slav,
Norse
; root
make
auhjon,
also
; from
ocr
wucher
0.
a^vw,
buan
och, uch,
! Ir.
"^uk ; Got.
W.
W.
Ger.
wokrs,
interjection, alas
an
ocras,
Ir. ocar,
money,
Got.
S. wocer,
of Gr.
root
^ob-no-,
immediately, suggesting
interest
the
"
"^odro-s
otter-like
Umbrian
allied
"or
cf. N.
at, horse-
^odh-ro-, shady,
for
to
adro,
to
I. E.
"
Lit.
Lat.
Bez.
atra.
dark.
judas,
water-like
"
(Gr. vdwp,
Eng, water).
32
266
ofrail, an
offering,Ir. ofrdil,
Lat.
6g,
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
Ir.
0.
6g,
Gaul.
iaouank,
Lat.
Ir.
juvenis, juvencus
ua,
offrdil, E.
g. haui
jo?ier, for
further
Lat.
beget.
Brug. {GrundP'
Ir.
; from
oifrend
avo-s,
t Oghum,
the
Elathan
Gaul.
"
Ogam
"
Ogmios,
^Ogambio-s.
Cf,
djmas,
run,
course,
ui,
; W.
z^yr
122)
refers
it to
Ir., E.
so
the
ag
pu,
pav,
"^avio-a,an
pov,
adj.
Ir.
Ogma
ogum,
of the
and
god
mac
Gaelic
gods,
eloquence :
of
the
from
eame.
Hercules
Hercules
root
Eng.
avus.
oy/xos
root
pov-er
Gaul.
Gr.
jovos ;
yuva^d,
; Skr.
juggs
Br.
iouenc,
writing,
the
Got.
young,
knowledge),
of
(son
Corn,
ieuanc,
*jov7iko-s^comparative
etc., Lat.
grandfather,
W.
oac,
Eng.
young.
Ir. 6, ua,
haue,
aue,
dc,
Jovinc-illos
juvenile, yvvan,
Ogha, a grandchild,
Oglach,
Ir.
offerendum.
young,
See
M.
comparison
Skr.
doubtful.
is very
oidheam.
; from
bg
and
suffix
arra,
; Got.
father
atta,
; Ch.
father
SI.
Norse
; from
*attio-s ; Gr.
otici, father
; Skr.
attd, mother,
; Gr.
Lit.
the
Ir.
aidche,
of
later
aq^, dark
; Lat.
blind
(Hes.).
aKapov,
adh, Lat.
"^ad-aqia being
aiidh,
root
ad
0.
ater,
made
oidche,
aquilus,
Skr.
dark
andhas,
etc., have
the
also
been
and
not
suggested,
the aq (see odhar).
t oidheadh, tragical death, so
Ir., E. Ir. oided, aided ; root pad,
ped, fall,Lat. pestis (Stokes). See eas.
inference, idea (M"A., M'E.), a book
oidheam, a secret
meaning,
ogham above
as
(M'F., H.S.D.). Properly oigheam, the same
Rib.
Led.).
(Zeuss, T\,hjs'
erb of earb, q.v. %
root
oidheirp, oirpe, an attempt : '''ad-erb-,
Lat. offi^cium
oifig, an
office, Ir. oifig, M. Ir. oifflcc
(Eng.
; from
ofice).
horse
oigeach, a stallion, young
Commonly
dg and each.
; from
aigeach, q.v.
root
6igh, a virgin, Ir. oigh, E. Ir., 0. Ir. 6g, uag, integer : "^a.ugi-,
aug,
(Brug.).
pure,
; Lat.
increase
and
; Got.
Urkel.
(in
stem
"^pougo-s.
Bez.
a
augeo
Stokes'
dukan,
increase
Spr.) suggests
root
Lit.
CzQch
dugu,
pouhy^
OF
GAELIC
THE
267
LANGUAGE.
; cf. taidhe,
aigheannach,
thistle
(Perth, according
M'A.)
to
fobhannan.
see
deigh.
oighre, ice, Ir. oidhir, M. Ir. oigred, E. Ir. aigred, snow
; see
Lat.
Ir. oigir ; founded
heres,
on
oig^hre, an
Ir., M.
heir, so
heres.
is from
possibly on M. Eng. heir rather, which
Sc. averin.
oighreag", cloudberry ; founded
on
E. Ir. ail has
Ir.
The
\oil.
oil, vexation, offence,
long, and is
a
G. is perhaps
for agli-^ Got. agls, disgraceful (Strachan). The
from
the
of oillt.
root
(Atk.).
q.v.
oiUmain,
ailim,
Ir.
oileamhuin,
in
al, as
"^aleii-,root
; root
rear
altrum,
Ir.
M,
nurture,
q.v.
7n"7it, mind.
oinnseach,
the
See
foolish
feminine
next,
Ir.
woman,
oinseach
Lat.
it is not
oir, for, 0.
Ir.
allied
Ir. ar,
Lat.
ufer,
air ; the
oir, because,
is from
Ger.
to
hora,
Gaelic
"
confused
as
(^are) used
iiare,
abl.
as
of 0.
The
conj.
Ir. uar,
huar,
iiair.
"
on,"
Ir.
oir-, 0.
oirbheart,
Hence
with
it
regards
"^oro-.
borrowed
coast.
Ir. ore,
or
act
superior:
ora
gor-or,
Thur.
air
prep,
0.
for,
W.
or,
which
coast, from
ora,
and
oV, foolish,
-seach.
termination
; from
Ir.
air-,ar-
; this
good deed,
Ir.
from
beus, conduct,
charity,
as
prefix ; cf. oirdheirc.
or-, gold,
of
is
do.,
etc.
dearc,
oirfeid, music,
arpeitim
or
see
Ir.
air
; from
and
peitim,
M.
Ir.
the
oir-.
inf. to
peiteadh,
music
three
an
peit
p)et is from
6irleach,
arbeitim,
Ir.
inches
; from
ordu, thumb,
now
G.
brd-ag, q.v.
268
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
oirthir,
in
"
the
east,
front,"
as
barren,
seasg,
ovis
Gr.
oisinn, a corner,
temple, E.
Ir.
from
Lat.
See
"^ovi-s ; Lat.
from
alas
breath,
oitir,a ridge
or
tir, from
the
hoisean, along
"^od-stani-,
M.
; from
"
standing"
out-
oistre,
Fr.
Eng. oistre,from
for
the
from
the
of
sense
hand
my
Eng.
Ir.
cf. 0.
heat;
burning
tir.
ostrea.
chrob,
mo
"
tarsainn.
ursainn,
oisre
avis.
ante
oi-shesc,6i, sheep,
is
temple, fdn na
na-h-usine, the
temples :
Ir.
oyster,
an
; Skr.
6i
and
air
oisc ; for
word
air,
morning.
; from
the
isinn,
Ir,
C?).
oisir,
avis
Ir.
The
q.v.
; Lit.
ots
E.
ewe,
the
in
sun
of
comparative
Ir. airer
Ir., M.
so
sheep, yearUng
and
the
faces
one
oisg,
Ir. airther
Ir., 0.
so
at,
Gr.
in
as
Skr.
;
breath
soul.
bank
in the
tir, land,
sea,
low
Ir. oitir
promontory,
*ad-
to-land."
"
61, drink, drinking, Ir. 61, olaim, E. Ir. 61, inf. to ibim, 0. Ir. oul,
root
*povolo (St.),drinking : ''"potlo-,
poto,
; Lat.
po, p6, drink
considers
it
drink.
Zimmer
Skr.
etc. ;
Eng. potatp,
pa-,
borrowed
The
from
Norse
root
pele, pie, full,
ol, Eng. ale.
has also been
suggested ; but it is unlikely here.
Lat.
from
Ir
0.
Ir. ola, W.
ola, oil,
olew, 0. W. oleu, Br. eol
',
oH.
olemn, Eng.
olach,
olann, wool,
so
person
Ir., E. Ir.
Br.
gluan,
gloan
Xrjvos; Eng.
Ir.
olc, bad,
olc,
wound,
Eng.
ilki,hvinger.
ollabhar,
great
oil, see
a
from
omar,
aland,
Got.
wool.
W.
*vlano-
*vland,
0.
gidan,
; Lit.
vidla
Lat.
wilna
hi.
from
;"
boon-companion
W.
Corn.
gwlan,
Idna
\ Skr.
Aavos,
Gr.
; I.E.
urnd
vlnd.
vlnd,
oUamh,
"
hospitable
next
learned
Ir.
amber,
0.
Ir.
ulcer
Lit.
cf. Lat.
olcc, olc ;
Gr. cAkos,
alkti, Ch.
wound.
SI.
Bez.
suggests
ollarbhar
+
(M'F.),
: oU
army
word
; E. Ir. arbar, a host, is from
oil, great
Ir. omra,
doctor,
so
O.H.G.
alkati, hunger.
Ir.
man,
ulcus,
ulciscor, revenge,
Ir., 0.
For
arbhar.
her
Ir, ollam,
(see beir).
g. ollaman
amfer
; from
the
Eng.
obedient.
umhal,
omhail, attention, heed,
whisked
into
of
milk
omhan,
or
othan, froth
whey, whey
Br.
froth, foam, W. ewyn,
(Carm.), Ir. uan, E. Ir. uan,
Lit.
Lettic
putd, foam,
"^oveno-,"^poveno-;
putas.
cf.
onagaid, confusion, row^
aonagail.
(Dial.);
Ir. umhail
; cf. G.
froth
eon
OF
Onfhadh,
for
anfudy
vdta,
; Skr.
air
; Lit.
onnchon,
of
raging
"
an-feth,
the
; Gr.
feth,
Lat.
] root
ve,
d'^p,Lat.
and
ventus
E.
anfadh^
aura
blow,
ai^/xi,
; further
Ir.
sea,
excess-wind,"
wind
wind
-yej'as,
269
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
blast, storm,
blow
THE
Ir.
ven,
Eng.
"xer,
wind.
Eng.
Ir. onchu,
Tr., also
leopard,
(M'F., O'B.), so
idea
is the
of "leopard"
onchu, banner, leopard; the
From
Fr.
Eng. ounce,
leopard.
primary one.
onceau,
once,
Lat.
Ir. onoir, E.
Ir. ondir, onoir
from
onoir, respect, honour,
:
E.
standard
Ir.
ho7ior.
6nrachd,
Ir. aonarachd
solitude,
0.
Ir.
o'/-,W.
; from
Cor.
aur,
aon.
aonar,
Br.
our,
Lat,
; from
aour
aurum.
or-,
orag,
often
with
the
prefix air, oir, confused
prefix
which
is for
deed,
6rbheart, good (golden !)
oir-).
sheaf
of corn
(H.S.D.), orag (M'F., Arm.) :
oragan,
an
Lat.
oraid,
oran,
Ir.
speech,
; from
orate
a
Eng.
organum,
song
Cf.
Ir.
oration,
prayer,
W.
organ
(see
from
ye,
pray
and
about,
the
Ir.
M.
amhrdn,
E.
orait,
rann
and
correct
prayer,
still existing
Manx
ambrdn,
Ir. amhar,
eulogy, especially in
amhra,
Ir.
oratio, speech.
'''auran, from
Ir.
i.e. inu,
amh,
music.
for
amhran,
Ir. organ,
; e.g.
oirhheart
organ.
orate,
is
E.
oigdn,
oraid,
Lat.
; this
form
from
Ir.
Ir,, M,
organ,
gold
or-,
arrane
E.
Ir. amor,
Cf.
verse
amra
(Cholumcille), panegyric.
air- or
and
orair, a porch, (orrar, M'D.) :
arfront," from
air, a
on-before."
reduplication really of air,
noise
orais, a tumultuous
MSS.) :
(H.S.D. from
Ir
M.
Ir.
0.
Ir.
6rd, a hammer,
ord,
ordd, W.
gordd, 0. Cor.
Ordo-vices
Brit.
(?): *ordo-s, *urdo-s,
ord, Br. orz, liorz, Gallo.
"
"
verdh,
root
urdh,
6pQo"^, Lat.
G.
arduus,
hurt,
ortu),
ord,
Romance
that
hence,
are
drd,
See
possible
is from
ord,
etc.
the
that
basis
rounded
Thur.
hit, thrust,
urtare,
of
or
allied
or
Skr.
especially
ordag.
Ascoli
and
of
mountain
whence
raise, increase,
Fr.
dag,
thinks
Fr.
ortail, big
va.rdhate,
it
perhaps
heurter, Eng.
toe
{orddu
q.v.
(topographical
form
Gr.
are
only) ;
from
above.
ordag,
same
ord
Ir.
thumb,
root
as
Ugh, order,
W.
organ,
Ir.
orddg,
ord
see
Ir.
orddu,
g. orda7i
*ord6s,
"^urdos
above.
ord, ordughadh,
urdd, urddawd,
organ
0.
oragan.
ordaining,
0.
Br.
Ir.
urz
ord, ordaad,
\ from
Lat.
ordination,
ordo.
270
ETYMOLOGICAL
orra,
orrais, squeamishness,
OS,
Corn,
Skr.
OS,
of
Lat.
osaii,
Br.
a,
us
uasal
see
ors\
oclien
Br.
(do.),0.
(for Brittonic);
from
Got.
or,
ar,
say
W.
Br.
auhsa(n), Eng.
see
ox,
oxen
arsa.
harbour
bar
; from
osadh,
truce,
E.
river,
E.
Norse
6ss, river
mouth
ostium.
stand
Ir.
out";
Ir.
(do.) :
ossad
W.
hosan.
hosen,
Norse
in
onfhad.h.
assa,
soccus,
Cor.
"^ud-sta-
sta, stand.
root
breeze
blast,
uch,
bull.
desisting,
"
(especiallyin verse) ;
prayer
oration.
(O'B.),
os
"^uksen-
; for
mouth
osag,
Ir.
ukshdn,
quoth
osadh,
pronounced
sense
0.
ohan, boves,
(for G.),
OS,
nausea
last
this
(prrtha,
orrtha
root.
elk, deer,
an
(in
orthain,
ace.
Ir.
incantation,
charm
OS, above,
for
charm,
ordtionem, Eng.
Lat.
from
DICTIONARY.
hos
; from
S.
Ag.
hosa^
hosan,
g.
hose,
now
hosa.
and
cdch.
OSCach, eminent, superior (Sh., O'B.), Ir. oscdch ; from
os
the
bold, fierce, Ir. oscar,
oscarach, oscarra,
champion ; from
Oisian
heroic
of
Oscar, son
name
(Ir. Oisin, little deer or os,
Oscar
stands
for
*udscaro-,
"out-cutter,"
q.v.) Possibly
derives
Norse
Zimmer
it
from
root
oisgar, q.v.
scar
'Asgeirr.
Anses
and
Oisian
of
the
from
the
Saxon
or
gods,
spear
should
'0 swine, friend
of the
Anses
give respectively
; which
'
'Oisine, but
and
Asgar
Oscar
and
Oisian.
Stokes
OSnadh,
sigh,
Zimmer
Ir.
tigh
from
Ir., 0.
0.
Ir. osnad,
Fr.
W.
M.
osmag,
Aso
osnadh.
ospairn, gasping
q.v.
Cf.
gasp,
uspag,
song,
sob, sigh,
in
Osgar.
from
M.
Fr.
from
Lat.
Eng.
ooste,
hospitium.
oste.
Br.
uchenaid, uch,
and
"
Ir. easnadh,
short
Ssda
this
"
both
are
has
esnad,
ospag,
vowels
Book
hospitium, through
has
breath
*'
inn,
an
it direct
so
initial
Doomsday
osda,
the
an
(root
from
huanad.
of
anail),
sup-spirium,
of och.
Cf. E.
Ir.
moaning.
pang,
Ir. ospog,
uspdg, osmog
; cf.
q.v.
quickly, sobbing,
sighing
; from
os
and
spairn^
uspairn.
also
pronounced
othail, odhail, confusion, hubbub,
(Dial., where
ow-il),rejoicing ; spelt also foghail, fog'hail; root gal, as in
odhail, rejoicing, cf. M. Ir. odhach, ceolmar, also
gal % For
OF
uidheach,
vadati,
THE
music
od,
GAELIC
ved
root
; Lit.
sing, praise
271
LANGUAGE.
Gr.
vadinu,
vad,
uJ,
rufen.
puter,
1), excrement
M.
under
as
; Lat.
^putro-
of
Ir.
Stokes
papp,
popp,
to
"^hhahh,
Lettic
I. E.
"shag,
Lat.
flax
14th
it is
puteo,
*putr.
tassel
bunch,
popp,
from
bab),
which
*hhobh,
inflate.
century,
and
and
are
Eng.
Sc.
has
bob,
bab
clearly connected,
of pab
meaning
say.
in the Sc. pab,pob.
Borrowing
has
been
swell,
suggested.
pap,
hard
The
to
"
refuse
Lat.
pu,
(M'A.)
Ir.
ochtrach
blister, 7r"/x"/)i^,
7ro/x"^o9,
bubble,
Gadelic
; the
borrowed
and
E.
bhemhho-,
the
in
appears
which
appears
papula,
pimple, root
pack, h'.paca', from Eng. ^ac^.
from
Eng.
putej%
Ir.
*bohhu-, '^bhohh-nu-,
Gr.
bean,
ball,
correspondingly
but
Celtic
put,
othrach, dung,
sprig, tuft,
faha,
bamha,
bunch,
Ir.
refers
Lat.
"^puttr-, root
othar.
refuse
pab, shag,
sick
; root
othrach
pac,
othar,
putrid
as
Ir.
Hence
pacarras,
amass
confusion.
of
the
Eng.
by regressive
seemingly formed
paa
;
the
of
adjective pal teach, thirsty, a side-form
analogy from
Lat.
from
drunk.
])6iteach, drinking, bibulous,
poit,
potus,
Ir. paadh
is explained by Stokes
M.
^'spasdtu-, root spas or
as
*sposnd. For
spiro, breathe, W. fun, breath, from
spes, Lat.
pacaid,
; from
packet
padhadh,
Manx
thirst,
phonetics
padhal, ewer,
; cf
pail
piuthar.
see
Ir.
padhal,
Lat.
padell,
pan
from
Eng.
rathad.
Ir.
heathen,
paganach,
pail, W.
ewer,
paidhneachas,
whence
villager, pagan,
paganus,
penalty, pledge
M.
pdganach, pdgdnta,
;
from
Ir.
Eng.
pagdnta
; from
pagan.
pdigh,
with
leaning
on
peanas.
paidhir,
Lat.
paidir,
pair
English
Cf., for
par.
Lord's
the
pater
; from
; from
Lat.
M.
Eng. peire,
and
phonetics,/a^c?^^V(fair)
so
prayer,
pater
in
pair,
Ir., M.
Pater
Ir.
paiter,
Fr.
paire,
staidhir
0.
from
(stair).
Ir. pater,
begins
W.
the
prayer.
paidreag,
patch,
clout
paidrean,
cluster
of
rosary,
necklace
grapes,
; from
posy,
paidir.
string
of
beads,
Ir.
paidirin,
272
ETYMOLOGICAL
pai^h, paidh,
paidhe,
Ir.
pay,
DICTIONARY
Ir.
pail-chlach, pavement,
from
payment
;
pdil-chlach,
Eng.
stone
pay.
pail,
pavement,
from
the Eng, pave,
pahhail, pavement
pavement.
; formed
blow
box
the
with
the
on
a
pailleart, a
palm : "^palm-bheart,
ear,
W.
Lat.
cf.
from
palma, palm ;
palfad, stroke
"palm-action,"
of the
pailliun,
paw,
Ir.
pailliun
Fr.
palm
the
cheek.
M.
Eng.
; from
Lat.
the
takes
Ir.,
tree,
on
from
after
Stokes
wings.
blow
pavilion,
called
being
tents
pailm,
palfod,
tent,
pavilon,
its
Br.
papilionem,
Ir.
from
butterfly
spread out like
"
Fr.
the
; from
pailm
(Barbour),
because
butterfly
it direct
M.
pailyoun
Lat.
whence
palma,
Eng. palm.
Manx
G.
the
; founded
panther
Br.
Pictish
in
collection, as
qel, company,
paindeal,
likelihood
all
in
paot,
word
clann,
much
many,
a
"
pals,
;
qalt, I.E.
root
q.v.
the
on
Cor.
palchys,
panther,
Eng.
M.
Eng.
M.
Eng.,
pantere.
painneal,
painntear,
pantere,
boat
Ir.
paipin,
Ir.
paper,
Eng.
pdipeur,
W.
paipin,
W.
Ir.
poppy,
parrok,
Ir.
M.
Fr.
Ir.
; from
painnter
Hence
pantiere.
M.
Eng.
Eng. painter,
pars,
pahi
pare,
Ir.
whence
papyrus,
Lat.
; from
whence
popaver,
M.
; from
parwg
pairilis, W.
E.
than
boy,
page,
a
Eng.
park,
parly
; from
Lat.
paralysis,
wrap
Lat.
is from
Gadelic.
lump
the
partli
M.
Eng. part.
from
Ir. pars,
Lat.
point
of
formed
M.
from
Eng.
boy,
page,
Sc.
page.
fit,Ir., M.
Ir.
passionem,
patior,
pais,
Ir.
E.
paiss, passio,
ing
suffer-
suffer.
pasgadh.
lump,
hump,
W.
pairt,
Eng.
now
see
Ir.
minute.
pdisde
fainting
; from
small
Ir.
child,
paisean,
Lat.
Eng. palsy.
time
a
; from
papyr
park.
now
whence
a
W.
pdirc,
pairilis,palsy, Ir., M.
paisg,
pait, a
Eng.,
paper.
Eng. poppy.
pairc, a park,
p^isd,
the
rope,
paipeir,
pairt,
0.
; from
painteur,
birds,
for
snare
panel
Sc
the
; from
snare,
W.
painexd,
Ir.
panel,
Fr. panel.
painnse, a paunch
a
Ir.
pait,
but
the
Ir.
pait,
is fatal
to
; also
Ir.
paiteog,
Skeat
thinks
the Eng.
word
the
being native
mass
Eng. pat.
; from
of butter
Gaelic,
M.
OF
GAELIC
THE
273
LANGUAGE.
whence
Eng. palace.
panna,
pannal,
pan
pannan,
the
Eng.
band
now
panne,
or
pan.
also, bannal,
company,
father,
0.
Ir. papa,
pope,
Eng.
pope,
Ir. papa,
W.,
Br.
pab
M.
Ir.
Lat.
; from
papa,
pope.
rhapsody (M'A.) :
paradh, pushing, brandishing ; cf. purr.
parant, a parent ; from
Eng. parent.
pardag", a pannier (Arm.) :
parlamaid,
parliament, Ir. pairlimeid,
Eng. parliament.
parraist, a parish, Ir. parraisde ; from
paracas,
; from
q.v.
hand.
Eng.
p^p,
M.
from
parish,
Eng.
; from
pairlimint
M.
Eng.
parische.
Ir.
paradise,
parras,
baradoz
partan,
Sc. partan.
faisg,
Lat.
from
Br.
paradwys,
M.
Ir. partan
partaing, ruby 1
wrapping,
cf. Ir.
W.
pardus,
paradisus,
Ir. partar,
E.
Ir.
crab, portan
pasgadh,
Lat.
from
0.
parrthas,
fasces,
H.S.D.
Eng. spasmi
(H.S.D.) ; from
expiring pang
of a
gives also the meaning
cataclysm applied to the sores
dying person."
Lat. piper^
Ir. piobar, W. pubyr ; from
peabar, piobar, pepper,
Norse
piparr.
Eng. pepper,
peacadh, sin, so Ir., 0. Ir. peccad, g. pectho, W. pechod, ^r, pechet ;
pasmunn,
"
from
Lat.
peccatum,
pea-chearc, pea-hen
peall, skin, hide, E.
pecco,
from
Ir.
the
pell
Eng.
Eng.
peccant.
Lat.
; from
See
pea.
peucag.
pellis, hide,
allied
to
Eng,
fell.
peallach, shaggy,
peall
see
peallaid,
leaning
a
pen,
the
from
sheepskin;
from
punishment,
peanas,
in
hair,
from
skin
above.
Eng. pelt,
peann,
matted
the
on
so
Lat.
Scotch
pellet,
pellis through
Ir. pionus
from
woolless
sheepskin,
Fr.
Lat.
poena,
with
possibly
English punish.
Ir., E.
Ir. penn,
W.
pin
from
Lat,
penna.
33
274
ETYMOLOGICAL
pearluinn,
Ir. pearsa,
person,
Lat.
from
lace
pearlin^
lace,
of
g.
Eng.
persona,
from
Fr.
0.
Ir. persa,
of
silk
or
Lat.
pourfiier,
Lat.
Eng.
pisum,
pearsan,
jjersine ;
g.
person.
Sc.
thread.
jilum,
pearsa,
; from
purl, edging
Eng.
thread,
muslin
linen,
fine
DICTIONARY
M.
from
pease.
varlet
Eng. peasant.
impudent fellow,
; from
in
of
skin,
gashes
hands, cranny,
chapped
peasg", gash
G.
blisters
is possibly of
Pictish
The
origin.
;
shrivelled, has been
compared.
Ir.
E.
Ir. petta ; Eng.
Both
peata, a pet,
peata,
pet.
peasan,
Gadelic
formed
are
on
of
cognate
some
Fr.
W.
pisg,
Sc.
pisket
and
Eng.
petit, little,Eng.
petty (Stokes).
penningr,
Eng.
now
from
penny.
peilig",a porpoise
pellack.
Sc.
cf.
pell, a soft, lazy
peileasach, frivolous
;
peileid, cod, husk, bag :
peileid, a slap on the head, the skull or crown
Sc.
cf.
sense,
In
head-piece.
peileir, a bullet,
descendant
of
pallet,
the
Ir.
roof
stone
of
skins
hide
untanned
L.
Ir.
M.
person,
head
of the
M.
head,
cf.
in
the
Eng. palet,
Eng. pelt.
peler
and
from
allied
French
some
Eng. pellet, 0.
to
Fr.
ball,
cannon
; formed
or
with
from
Lat.
the
from
cloth,
coarse
covered
;
the
slap,"
"
pila, ball,
flat
is
crown
sense
whose
of
of
peiieur,
Lat.
peilisteir,a quoit,
peillic,a coveting
pending^
Sc.
; from
last
S.
Ag.
skins,
Ir.
Ir.
E.
pelliceus,
above
'?
stem
peillic,
of
booth
basket
pellec,
made
skins,
of
from
pellis.
peinneag,
snare
the
cheekblade,
another
lower
jaw,
filling crevices
to Eng, pin.
form
part
of
of
in
painntear,
the
face,
peirig^ill,
danger,
the
buttocks,
p^ire,
The
; from
peiriacul
Ir.
word
peire
Lat.
(O'K.) ; cf.
peurs,
lente
See
apparently
Sc.
peircioll,
periculum.
Cor.
pedren,
buttock,
perdere (M'A.),
from
from
ciohhull.
connected.
Ir.
corner,
'^'for-ciohhull,on-jaw'"?
corner:
wall
q.v.
"
Ir.
pedrain.
for
stone
(do.),allied
pinn
pinning,
peinnteal,
peirceall,
of
chip
Fr.
pierre.
W.
is doubtless
OF
peitea^, waistcoat,
tunic
worn
by
men,
waistcoat, peddee,
Sc.
jacket ; from
Eng. petticoat.
short
275
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
petycot,
Manx
has
sleeveless
pettie,flannel
waistcoat.
peithir, a forester
(pethaire, M'D.), peithire, a message
cf.
Sc.
peddir, a pedlar, Eng. pedlar.
(M'A.) ;
peithir, beithir, thunderbolt; a mythic and
metaphoric
beithir^q.v.
peitsea^, a peach
peodar, pewter,
feodar, q.v.
; Ir.
Ir.
peitseog ;
W.
peatar,
from
ffeutar
the
boy
of
use
Eng.
; from
Eng.
Also
pewter.
pea-hen,
pertrik,
Ir. peacog,
side
form
peursair, perchman,
pian, pain, Ir. pian,
Br.
poan
"
of its
herd
shore
0.
Eng. partridge,
Ir.
(Carm
Lat.
perdic-em.
):
po(-iL,
pain,
Cor.
peyn,
; from
paiti.
poena,
Sc. peevjeip, Eng. peewit.
^Ihe
true
G.
horned
one"
; from
pibhinn, lapwing
adharcan,
of
Lat,
'pian, poena,
W.
Eng
(from adkarc,
because
of the
is
ance
appear-
head).
pill,turn,
Ir.
of the
pillim,
of
"
the
oblique
form
of
peall, q.v.
M.
Ir.
rug."
better
filliiii
(O'B.);
see
till for
discussion
root.
now
pin.
276
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
'peahar.
piobar, pepper
; see
piobull, the bible (Dial.): see hiohull.
thinks
W.
that
pioc, pick, Ir. piocaim ; from
Eng. pick. Thur.
from
the
Fr.
Romance
picco (point),
pique,
pigo is ultimately
allied
Celtic
but
from
thereto.
Skeat
takes
the
see
or
Eng.
;
Bradley's
Stratmann.
piochan,
Sc.
to
say.
wheezing,
Manx
asthmatic,
Cf.
pioghaid, pigheid,
from
Sc.
magpie,
Ir,
has
of
spiochan
Onomatopoetic.
pant,
peuo,
pioghaid
diminutive
pyet,
pyat,
Ir,
piaghane, hoarseness,
usually mag-pie.
piol, nibble, pluck ; from Eng. peel, earlier,pill,pyll, peel, pluck,
W.
has pilio,
Lat.
spiol, q.v.
pellis. Also
ultimately from
peel, strip,
trim
piollach, (1) neat,
Arm,),
(M'F., H.S.D,,
(2) hairy
side
which
of
it
is
form, H.S.D., etc.),fretful,
( peallach,
a
second
The
sense
belongs io peallach,
curious-looking (M'A.).
the first to piol :
pilled,"
piollaiste,trouble, vexation
state, from piol 1
:
plucked
pioraid, hat, cap ; see hiorraid.
piorbhuic, piorrabhuic, periwig, Ir. peireahhuic ; from the Eng.
piorr, scrape
or
a
(M'A.) ;
dig (H,S,D,), stab, make
lunge at one
the first sense
the
for
from
see
second,
seems
Sc, Eng. pare ;
=
"
"
"
purr.
piorradh,
squall, blast
M.
L.
from
Eng.
pirry, whirlwind,
hir, pir, of
hyrr, root
onomatopoetic
origin (Skeat, "^xiSdpirouette, for Eng.).
Lat.
Ir.
pios, a piece,
piosa ; from
Eng. piece, Fr. piece. Low
Gaulish
pettium, from
"^pettium, allied to G. cuit, Pictish pet
blast,
Sc.
pirr, gentle
breeze,
Norse
(seepit).
pios,
cup,
piostal,
Ir. piosa
; from
Lat.
pyxis,
Cf.
charm.
which
piseag,
sea
(Stokes).
box
Cor,
Bugge
a
kitten,
bream.
Ir.
Ir.
witchcraft,
pystry,
refers
M.
to
Lat,
puisin
pyxis,
; from
Ir.
hiseach,
pisoc, charm,
M,
Br.
medicine
Eng.
puss.
M.
Ir. bisech.
pishag,
Manx
pistri, veneiicium,
box
(seepios).
Aran
Ir.
piseog,
pit,hollow
or
277
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
OF
For
puteus, well.
Diet,
non-existent
topographicpit discussed in
Pit-, prefix in farm and townland
"farm, portion"; 0. G. pet,
the
of
Pictish
under
pidg,
and
cuid
(B.
pett, g. pette
Deer),
of
cuid.
further
See
pios.
(H.S.D);
plaintivenote
Pictland,meaning
in
allied to
word
article.
next
names
cf. W.
^9mcA, sigh.
Onomato-
poetic1
siur,fiur, g. sethar,fethar, 0. Ir.
huir, Br. hoar : *sves6r,g. svestros
Corn,
chwaer.
(Stokes); Lat.
Ir.
soror
sister ; Lit.
sosor); Eng.
; Skr.
sesu
svdsar.
plab,
soft
noise
as
of
body fallinginto
like
woollen
twilled
Sc.
; from
water
Dial.
plope.
Skeat
plump.
Eng. plop : onomatopoetic
compares
Eng. blab. See plub.
Fr. plaquette,
dish ; through
Sc.
from
placaid, a wooden
("?)
plaque, a plate, whence
Eng. placard, Sc. placad. M'A.
also
the
gives
meaning "flat, broad, good-natured female,"
which
is a metaphoric use.
Sc.
on
plaibean, a lump of raw
flesh, a plump boy ; founded
Cf. Eng. plump.
plope, as in plab above.
Ir.
a
plaide,
blanket,
ploid ; Eng. plaid, Sc. plaiden, coarse
cloth,like flannel,but
invented
but whether
pellis,
Skeat
present doubtful.
says
the case
has
most
to
stands,
Lat.
by
it is
all
English
or
view
Celtic,a
for
it ;
say
Pladdis.^^
Hieland
sheepskin. Dunbar's
Ir.
E.
Ir. pldg, W. pla ;
a
plaigh, plague,
pldigh,
disaster,M. Eng. plage, Eng. plague.
plais, a splash; from Sc. plash, to strike water
"
founded
are
Gadelic
which,
cf. G.
from
on
is at
as
peallaid,
Lat.
pldga,
suddenly, Eng.
plash, splash.
plam, anything
See
curdled
cheek."
M'A.
slaman.
Arg.
has
cf. Br.
gives
"
bainne
plommein,
it the
meaning
plumaichte,"
clot,as
of
"
curdled
of
fat
or
blood.
blubber
soured
milk,
plang,
to
and
plack
"
four
coin ; from
Scots, which
Scots
pennies
Sc.
came
plack, a
with
coin equal
copper
the Flemish, etc.,
to
Fr.
"
(ft
278
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
plaosg,
husk,
^bhloid-sko-,
borrowed
considers
hair
from
Ir.
bleayst, M.
(Manx
form
root
'plisg(pL), Br.
W.
plaosg,
peluche, shag,
hairy, pilus,
blaosg is another
Ir.
fleaym^
Ernault
This
fluakenn.
Fr.
shell, Manx
Romance
Lat.
"
*pilucius,
Seemingly
hlaesc,W. hlisg):
etc.
"^Aoios
Gr.
bladder.
bark, shell, "/)AeScov,
{"^bhlovio-l),
plasd, a plaster, Ir. plasdruighim ; from the Eng.
made
of straw
Sc. plat, plait,Eng.
plat, a sort of cloth
; from
the
Sc.
has
plait. M'A.
meaning
thrust, clap on," from
the
blow
with
the fist, M.
to
ground,
plat, a stroke
Eng.
"
platteii,strike,
plath, pladh,
solus
down,
throw
Ag.
S.
plaettan.
of wind
svel of
*svl-, root
; from
play.
pleoisg", plodhaisg,
booby, simpleton
(mlaisqo-),Skr.
Lat.
mlecchati,
; cf.
talk
W.
bloesg,
merer
stam-
barbarously, mleccha,
/:^Aatcro".
pleodar, pewter
Eng. spelter, with leaning on pebdar.
of Scandinavian
pliad (H.S.D., Dial.),a plot of ground;
origin
Swed.
plaetti, a plot of ground, Eng. plot, plat (Dr Cameron),
pliadach, flat,as of foot (Carm.) :
pliadh, a splay foot ; from Eng. splay.
pliaram, babbling (H.S.D.) ; for ^bliarami, ; see blialum, from Sc.
foreigner,
blaesus,
Gr.
; from
"
blelluni.
OF
plod,
plod,
plod,
clod
fleet,Manx
Sc.
; from
pool
plodde,
standing- water,
puddle,
water," ploud,
(do.),
plodadh, parboiling
rich
Ir,
"
Sc.
(Grose),
water
plot,
pleasant
floating"
scald
to
hot
wood
wade
to
Sc.
drink
made
down
Eng.
through
plout, plouter
burn
or
etc.
M.
; from
plod
plod, originally
and
"
Also
etc.
Manx,
through
; from
plottie,a
water,
cloves,
Eng.
wade
(Aberdeen).
sod
green
^or^e
from
279
LANGUAGE.
plod, plotid, a
plod;
of
a
GAELIC
THE
with
boiling
of cinnamon,
river.
Ir.
sound
plub,
(""TO
blosc
clos
heart).
of his
sudden
plump,
blosc-beimnech
See
fall
the
chride,"
hitting
hlosg.
into
; from
water
Of.
Eng. plump.
plah.
from
Eng.
blubber.
pluc,
lump,
form
of
pimple,
ploc.
M.
Manx
plucan,
Ir. has
pimple
plucc, club
seemingly
Of.
mace.
or
Sc.
side
plulce,
pimple.
the
pluck ; from
pluc, pluck, Manx
Eng,
pluc, beat, thump ; from M. Eng. pluck, a stroke,
Lat. jluxus %
on
plucas, the flux ; founded
Manx
Ir. pluchaim,
ploogli, suffocation
pluch, squeeze,
:
compress,
blub
Ir.
cheek"
from
cheek,
ploc.
pluic, cheek,
:
pluc
puff'ed
pluideach, club-footed
see
pliut.
;
M.
pluirean, a flower, Ir. plur ; from
Eng. Jiour (now flower),
0. Fr. flour (now fleur).
plum, plunge into water
plumb.
; see
stock
calm
who
sits
plum, one
still,dead
:
Ir. plumba
pluma, plumtaa, a plummet,
Eng. plumb, Fr.
; from
a
"
plotnb,
Lat.
from
lead.
plumbum,
flour being
for
"
flower
poca,
as
plotzlich,sudden,
pobull, people,
from
; from
Eng
M.
plump.
Eng. ploume,
plum.
Ger.
; from
Lat.
bag
Ir.
pobal,
populus,
; from
Sc.
from
M.
of
of
Eng.
same
as
Eng. flower,
wheat."
rain
Sc. plout,
; from
Belg. plotmn,
"^plotz, quickly falling blow."
from
0.
plundering.
Eng. flour
"
Ir.
whence
pock, Ag.
popul, W.,
Br.
pobl,
Cor.
pobel
Eng. people.
S. poca,
Norse
poki,
0.
Fr.
poche.
280
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
Norse
p6g, pag",
W.
Br.
Manx
pok
of
part
dare
dimunitive.
; fromLat.
the
the
carry
Communion.
rag,
0.
the
Ir. from
"the
kiss
of
; hence
Mass
peace,"
Celtic
Lat.
liturgies
immediately
datur''
pax
which
Church
in
old
The
Hie
"
pdcnat, osculum,
Ir. poc,
kiss."
the
pot, Br.
W.
the
rubric
(M'D.)
rags
Ir. pota,
p6g,
for
give
"to
generally
Lat.
takes
Meyer
pdcem,
ritual
before
the
Ir.
paag,
means
pacem,
poireagan,
poit, a pot,
K.
poki.
kiss,
poc,
was
is
poket,
Eng.
Eng.
; from
pod
and
Fr.
pot, from
Teutonic
Ger.
has
and
British
S.
Skeat
pfuhl.
padulis,
the
Ag.
that
Latin
considers
the
Latin
or
etc.
Ir.
whiting
name.
of the
The
salmon
pollairean,
{Folklore of
the
bird
or
Ir.
genus,
Irish
Ag.
British
that
pol
was
remains
poel,
seen
H.
0.
G.
pfuol,
Low
from
is
poll
Lat.
from
possibly borrowed
in place-names having
{Principles^ 437).
polldire, poll-srona
lythe
poll
from
pollan,
Sc.
powan^
(Heb.), polidna
Birds)
poll.
; from
gadus pollachius, of
"
pullog
Eng.
genus.
dunlin
S.
Du.
translates
Hence
1
is
alpina.
its
the
cod
the
different
Mr
Gaelic
and
Eng.
fish
"
Swainson
name
as
of the
mud
OP
port, harbour,
Br.
porth,
port,
"
catch
from
p6s,
Ir. port,
pors,
porz
from
GAELIC
port,
Ir. port,
tune,
THE
Gaelic.
0. G.
marry,
Lat.
sponsns,
Lat.
Ir.
M.
Lat.
Ir. port^
fort, 0.
harbour,
; from
281
LANGUAGE.
Eng. port.
partus,
Sc.
carry.
"
prelude
ceudport, rhyme,
porto,
Corn.
W.,
carry
is
catch, tune,
port,
Cf.
Lat.
dis-porto.
Eng. sport, from
(B. of Deer), M. Ir. posaim ; from
pusta, wedded
betrothed, from
spondeo, I promise (Eng.
sponsa,
respond, etc.).
the
post, post, beam, pillar,Ir. posda, posta, W. post ; from
Eng.
from
Lat.
PL
for
postis.
shooting (Wh.).
post,
puist, slugs
dishevelled,
prab, discompose, ravel
prabach,
(prab, H.S.D.),
spouse,
ragged,
from
prabal,
above
rabble
and
pracaib,
pradhainn,
idle
Ir.
talk
arrayed,"
suddenly
prdh,
from
See
discompose.
prab,
small
which
tithes,
collector;
tithe
in
paid
were
Sc.
from
kind
(N.
procutor,
H.
Eng.
brothad,
mince
form
; cf.
Eng. fracas 1
business, flurry (M'A.
moment
for
priobadh.
see
collops, haggis;
of pronn,
hom.
(M'A.),
pound
prann,
q. v.
; from
of
press
prainnseag",
side
"
procurator.
hotch-potch
0.
Isles), pracadair,
proctor,
pracas,
(O'R.)
word,
vicarage dues,
prac,
prabach
*?
prap
prabar,
Ir.
blear-eyed,
Ir.
S. brces.
prais, prds,
W.
praiseach,
Hence
brass
(H.S.D.,
pres
bold
from
woman,
meretrix.
"
"
praonan,
prap,
earthnut
an
quick, sudden,
prasach,
manger,
Ir.
see
braonan.
prab, M.
crib, frasach,
Ir. prap
(M'Rury)
see
under
priobadh.
prasgan,
raven
34
282
BTYMOLOGiCAL
preachan^
prechoineadha,
Ir.
(M'A.),
orator
mean
DICTIONARY
prsecones
the
from
preachoine,
Ir.
M.
crier,
praeco{n), crier,
Lat.
auctioneer.
preas,
W.
prys,
G.,
which
bush, brier,
of cranni
The
brushwood,
is
covert
*qrst-,root
qer
of Pictish
is doubtless
borrowed,
origin.
preas,
preas,
wrinkle,
fold
preathal, confusion
prighig, fry ; from
prine,
pin
Norse
Manx
cupboard,
press,
; from
of
Eng.
from
the
Eng.
press.
press.
dizziness
see
hreitheal.
Eng. frying.
the
; from
the
mind,
the
prest
prjonji, Ger.
Sc.
M.
preen^
Eng.
preon,
Ag.
S. preon,
pfrierii.
priobadh,
in le prap
na
winking, twinkling (of the eye), Ir. prap
of
the
from
sul, in the
twinkling
(Keating),
prap,
eyes
hi preaba
sula muich
of
sudden, preaba in na
na
(B
Moyra),
M.
Ir. prapwl,
brief
of
the
La
twinkling
(as
eyes).
space
brafad
sula,
prapud,
oXder
compares
where
brahv
The
brathad
brathad
brafad,
Stokes
friha
the
might
(g.
similar
=
sula,
where
brotto), 0.
Gothic
British
phrase
"^brap,
we
Ir.
"
get the
brothad,
moment.
in brahva
borrowed
series
augins,
into
Irish,
could
pris, price, W.
pretiiim..
brafad
pris
from
M,
Eng.
pris,
from
0.
Fr.
0.
prls, Lat.
Ir.
proind,
OF
Dial,
proitseach,
has
The
pronn,
food
pronn,
bran,
pronn,
pound,
and
-seach, really
Manx
pronnag,
Manx
Eng.
crumb,
; formed
briinstone.
Dial,
pronndal,
muttering,
propanach,
prosnaich,
protaig, a
))oy (Wh.)
incite
trick
from
the
on
Sc.
pouken,
see
puic,
see,
root
break,
which
Hence
crush.
or
has
form
of Badenoch
from
the
brennisteinn,
pronnasdail.
(Dial, brundlais)
Eng.
prop.
Sc.
; from
Ir.
preitr,
pupall,
Ag.
a
W.
the
powk,
Sc.
thrust, dig,
to
S. prcett,
trick.
pahell, pebyll
poken,
bucaid.
pimple ; see
harm, injury, Ix.pudhar
pudar
from
for
pron,
M.
Ger.
See
pailliun.
Eng. pukken,
pochen, knock.
fuc.
Dial.
pucaid,
pudhar,
Arg.
brosnaich.
jostle ; from
ptic, push,
break
Norse
the
prothaisd, a provost ; from
Eng.
pubull, a tent, Ir. pupal, g. puible, 0.
Lat.
hhrud,
root
brunstane,
from
Sc.
pounding
pronney,
murmuring
Jr. propa
prop,
from
In
pronachs.
Sc.
brimstone
pronnasg",
one.
Hence
means
a
word.
next
see
pronn',
bray, mash,
G.
in
fem.
boy,
g'eamht.
also
prop^
thus
The
proinn.
see
boy,
Eng.
balaich, brodan,
cf. brod
is
from
ticular,
par-
proud.
prbiseil.
for
prbtail
termination
propanach,
proud,
preutsch,
boy, stripling ;
brod.
prop,
prootsch,
and
nice
prossie, prowsie,
Sc.
from
283
LANGUAGE.
GAEIJO
THE
; from
Lat.
bribe
Lat.
pudor,
(O'B.),M. Iv.pudar,
shame.
pHtor, rottenness,
Usually
taken
E.
as
Iv.pudar,
borrowed
Eng, putrid.
M.
Eng.
pounen,
now
pound,
S.
Eng. punch.
the
Manx
has pyshoon.
puinsean, pulsion, poison ; from
Eng.
puirleai^, a crest, tuft, Ir. puirleogach, crested, tufted
(O'B., Sh.),
Irish
See piirlag.
word.
puirleog (O'R.)
an
round
also
M.
pulag,
bulag ; from
stone, ball, pedestal,
Eng.
;
from
"
boule^
ball
pulaidh, turkey
or
cock
bowl,
:
Fr.
now
bowl,
poulet,
Fr.
boule.
284
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
pulas,
pot-hook
punc,
(Dial.) ;
point,
punnan,
punnd,
for
place
Ir.
hunney,
Norse
from
Ir.
pound,
Ir. pone,
W.
pwnc
Lat.
from
Ir.
E.
punnann,
bundin,
punann,
sheaf, bundle,
Eng.
the
Eng.
bind.
bundle,
punnd,
Manx
(Corm.)
pundand
0.
punc^
point.
sheaf,
Ir.
note,
Eng.
punctum,
bidas.
see
punta,
M.
punt,
securing
Ir.
cattle,
stray
punt
pound
from
;
;
Eng.
the
from
pound.
funntainn,
punntainn,
M.
swoon,
purgaid,
Eng.
benumbment
swoghne,
Ir.
purge,
Cf.
"^swog-.
purgoid
cold
by
Sc.
Lat.
from
damp
or
Eng.
cf.
fundy.
Eng.
purgatio,
tion,
purga-
purge.
purgadoir,
from
piirlag,
Lat.
purgatorium,
rag,
tatter,
purpais,
purp,
purpaidh,
thrust,
cat,
put,
the
push
Ir. pus
push,
from
the
from
Eng.
Fr.
buoy,
Scand.
origin
is
cor
porr,
poke
about
from
put,
G.
Sc.
Lat.
W.
purpuir,
old
The
Gadelic
cur.
Du.
stab,
;
further
Eng.
poke,
porren,
Eng.
pore.
Dial,
sheepskin
be
round
short
Eng.
puten,
poult, chicken,
hen, pullus,
puta,
"
(do.), Eng.
pout
M.
butadh.
but,
inflated
of
pout.
thrust,
push,
pulla,
Swedish
pwtyn,
purpose.
Ir.
purple.
Eng.
from
from
Eng.
usually
W.
pudding,
purpuir,
Also
Eng.
M.
thrust,
Sc.
put.
poulet,
large
purren,
moorfowl
of
from
put,
push
now
ptlt, young
Sc.
from
British,
(Stew., H.S.D.)
thrust,
put,
Ger.
cheek
faculty
purpura,
from
Jir. purgator
purgatoir,
purgatory.
Jr.
through
Low
thrust.
pus,
Lat.
Ir.
purple,
borrowed
form,
Eng.
mental
from
E.
gadoir,
fragment
sense,
purpur,
porphor
purr,
Ir. pur
purgatory,
seemingly
inflated
body,
fowl.
young
Cor.
cf.
pot,
of
Eng.
bag,
pudding,
also
oarpin,
putag",
Leddhasach,
putag,
putag,
putan,
puth,
butag
Butt
the
pudding,
Ir.
small
of
rig
button,
puff,
sound
W.
botwn
of
the
from
(H.S.D.)
land
Eng.
power
(M'A.)
from
Am
Buta
button.
Eng.
shot, syllable
from
Cf.
Eng.
onomatopoetic.
p^iff, etc.
puthar,
butt.
Lewis.
of
putbg
from
the
Eng.
power.
Cf.
Eng.
OF
285
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
r^bach,
latter
*huio-^
from
root
cry,
the root
g.u^
rhyhudd is from
reothairt,
springtide,
heard.
W.
rabhairt,
Ir.
M.
rabharta,
0.
robarta,
rhyferth:
"^roharte),W.
Ir.
royart,
Ir.
be
gu^
Celt^^).
romhairt,
robarti, malinas,
bertio-, "pro-fero,"
ro
Manx
Skr.
Rev.
(Stokes,
qu
Luth,
ro
/^orj,shout,
Gr.
(sing.
hher
root
oi
heir.
ro
rabhan, rhapsody, repetition,Ir. rahhdn, repetition : from
"^6a, say, root, bhd^ Lat. fdri, speak, Eng. fame, fate.
and
talk ; from
ber of abair,
ro
rabhart, upbraiding, senseless
q.v.
idle
talk
rabhd,
rac,
the
*ro-bant,
rakki
Norse
r^C,
rake,
rac,
drake
is due
Ir.
rdca,
rdcadal
noise
the
or
"traveller"
rhacan
Eng.,
; from
earlier
M.
eiidrake.
The
Arm.), racadal
See
racket.
Sc, Eng.
the
G.
to
Skeat
to
rac,
takes
make
the
tiger,
Lit.
onomatopoetic.
a
bandy or crooked
sail
hoop ; see 7'ac.
racas,
Ir.
rach, go,
rachad, I
rachd,
r^aklat, cry
rekti, cry,
stick
racan,
veniam
Ir.
Eng.
from
like
geese
noise
of geese
of d
word.
next
loss
(M'E.),
See next
(H.S.D.) ; cf. Sc. rackle.
racain, noise, riot, mischief, racaireachd, croaking, Ir.
cry
rake.
Eng.
(Sh., H.S.D.,
Gaelic, referring
Br.
; from
sracadh.
; cf. the
racail, noise
the
mast,
rotacal.
see
ducks.
the
to
in rabhan.
as
article.
the
W.
the
; from
to
yard
say,
(do.).
the
ring keeping
ha, speak,
root
and
will
reg, stretch.
; root
vexation,
moan,
; cf.
as
hen
rak.
root
The
words
; cf.
racan
; Lat.
raccare,
greatly
are
rac.
Ir. ragat,
go, E.
See eirich for the
Ir, rachd,
word.
fit
of
as
ibo,
0.
doreg,
connections.
root
crying
Ir.
tears
or
cf.
racaid.
Eng.
radan, a rat ;
radh, saying,
Got.
; from
raca
the
Eng. rack,
racke.
from
Ir.
Sc.
rddh,
ration,
0.
Ir.
M.
Eng.
raton,
I
now
rat.
speak : I.
rddhayati, brings about
rdd, rdidiu,
reason.
E.
rodh-ejo ;
; root
redh,
286
ETYMOLOGICAL
radharc,
Ir.
sight,
dare
(O'B., etc.);
rag,
unwilling,
"^razgo-,root
reg,
straight. Lit.
rezgu,
rag,
; from
rag
dare
ro
; for
Lat.
rag,
see
roc.
rag,
Hence
knit.
rogaim
(so Ir.
in
Lh., etc.),
(Cam.).
wort
sneeze-
rodarc
radarc,
behold.
rag,
Ir.
E.
radharc,
deare,
see
DICTIONARY
the
Eng.
villain
from
in
Eng. rack, as
ragair, extortioner,
;
from
Dial. G. has rogair, for and
rogue."
choice
see
roghainn.
ragha, raghadh,
;
raghan, churchyard (Sutherland) ; cf. Ir. rath, barrow,
rack-r^nt.
"
same
rath.
G.
as
the
rainig,
Ir.
came,
0.
rdnaig,
foul
from
; M.
earth,
for
rop
the
as
gives
seize.
The
raisean, goat's
the
rap,
pig
and
; for
r-dnic,
ro-dnic
food
(O'Cl.),E.
Ir. rap
Lat.
rah, srah,
root
*rapno-,
as
draw
root
has
of Lat.
rap
also
been
to
them
(Corm.,
sorbeol
rapio,
suggested.
; for
season
rddhte,
participialformation,
affiancing (Suth.) ; see rath, rdtkan.
Ir.
year,
of the
rdithe,
year,
M.
Ir. raithe
appointed
"^
time
ratio-, from
for
worship,
(ratu) do.),
Zend
raith, a threatening :
raith, prating largely (M'D.)
raithneach, raineach, fern,
0.
reden,
B.
raten,
papartis, Buss,
ramachdair,
ramair,
like
that
saying, dictum
raiteach, covenanting,
raith, a quarter of a
rtu,
animals
its
rapach, slovenly,
mouth,
Ger.
tail
foul
rah-tho-,
stem
ft-, Skr.
Ir.
etc.):
cows,
Stokes
ramasg,
Br.
coarse
Ir.
roenv
(peTfxos
raithneach, raith,
raden, Gaul,
Eng. fern.
rhedyn,
*pratis ;
Cor.
Lit.
; cf. ramalair.
"^rdmo-
Eng.
0.
Ir.
; root
rudder
rdme,^ W.
ere, re,
Skr.
ro
rhaw, spade.
Corn,
; Lat.
(*resmo-);
remus,
rev,
aritras.
humorous,
noisy fellow ; from
Badenoch
Dial., ramalair, rambler.
ramhlair,
ratis
W.
romp
rdmha,
:
Br.
fellow
tangle
oar,
an
Ir.
paporoti
blockhead,
sea
oar,
Gr.
rdiiie,venit
raipeas,
mouth,
foul-mouthed
ramh,
radh
on
Ir.
thdmig.
see
raip, filth,
raite,
; founded
fellow
prating
Eng.
rambler.
Also,
OF
r^n,
roar,
rangoir,
rann,
0.
radn,
par,
Br.
per
rann,
quatrain,
above
of
(perf.pass,
7r"7rpo)TaL
is
Ch.
SI.
frog.
rdna,
Ir. rami,
W.
rhan,
Cor.
'''
(p)rannd,
Gr.
later
ran,
^pratsnd,
root
supply,
iropdv,
iropdv).
Ir.
stave,
(rann, stave,
cf. Lat.
partis, portio
pars,
crying
Eng.
partimonia
rannou,
Lat.
; and
the
on
sound, rdyana,
ran,
; founded
wrangler
28*7
LANGUAGE.
rat, scold
Lettic
sonitus,
raru,
rd, bark,
; Skr.
cry
GAELIC
THE
Ir.
E.
ranyi,
in E.
mas.
Ir., the
ivom.
rand',
rann,
other
is
7'a7in
rann
fern.).
ranndair, a murmuring,
complaining (H.S.D., Dial) ; cf, ran.
Norse
rannrannsaich, search, scrutinize, Ir. rannsuighini ; from
whence
ransack.
saka, search
ransack,
a
house,
Eng.
of territory : "division," from
extent
ranntair, a range,
rann.
raog", a rushing (H.S.D., Dial.) ; cf. ruaig.
wild
sound
of bull ;
raoic, raoichd, hoarse
or
roaring, as
cry,
raibheic
"^ro-heuc.
:
(M'A.), pronounced raoi'c, roar
calf ; cf. Sc. rJiind, as
that
had
barren
in
raoine, a young
cow
rhind
raoir,
in
as
compared,
Cf.
raon,
last
raoir,
an
root
raoit,
Ger.
mart,
also
night,
riamh
but
plain
Norse
a,
raoir,
St.).
phonetics
Ir.
areir, "^prei-ri,
rdtri, night,
Skr.
suit, and
not
reithneach.
Suth.
reir, 0
The
do
In
also
has
Lat.
been
retro.
uiridh.
; from
mirth
field,plain, road,
Ir.
(Asc,
the
earar,
indecent
"^roves-no-,
rein,
Ir., E.
of
0.
road,
Ir. roen,
Lat.
land,
riot.
(do.),Eng.
riot
1
"^roves-jd
strip
so
Sc.
ruris
rus,
the
suggests
Ir.
roe,
roi,
Eng. room.
possibility of
;
^roino-.
Gadelic
rdscack, clamorous,
rasdail,
rake,
E.
harrow,
hoe, rastruni,
from
cf
Ir. rastal
rddo, scrape,
ultimate
for
ran
Lat.
; from
Eng.
rastellus,rake,
rash,
raze,
root,
etc.
of frying meat
rasdail, sound
; cf. rosd.
rath, prosperity, so Ir 0. Ir. rath, gratia, W. rhad, grace, favour
:
"^rato-n, root
rati, gift, rds, rayis, property,
rd, give ; Skr.
,
Zend
r^th,
root
rata,
raft,
Ir.
is the
same
as
that
(F. M.)
rafts
of rdmh
ret, rdt
Ir. rath
rath, rathan, surety, vadimonium,
rath
; cf. 0. Br. rad, stipulationes,which
Ir.
rath,
and
says
that
it
is from
Lat.
Lat.
latis.
The
here).
(O'B., O'Cl.), 0.
Ir.
Stokes
rdtum
equates with
{ratum facer e
=
288
DICTIONARY.
ETYMOLOGICAL
"ratify"),
Lat.
has
t rath,
W.
road,
space,
0.
of
Ir. re,
devil, r^eabhradh,
rdbeln,
Swiss
Stud.^
Cf. Zim.
from
*rektu-,
loud
reamhar,
fat,
thick
; root
ravi,
S.
sun.
e
form
Hence
q.v.
the
genitive.
disporting,
Ir.
H.
playing, sporting
G.
reben,
which
to
recht,
; Lat.
add
W.
stir,
move,
Eng.
Br.
rhaith,
right,
rectum,
0.
wrinkle
rank,
rabble.
reiz, just
rego,
(alsoG. rachd),
rachd
series
E.
ramhar,
be
thick
Ir.
rule
E.
Ir.
of M.
(Jr.
Trpefivov,
the
or
face
; from
rheng,
rib
"
early
0.
;
7^enk
Br.
ramr,
H.
;"
Sc.
W.
rhef,
(^re7)iro-),
ramor
Norse
alternatives
furm,
in
W.
Ir. ranc,
the
Sax.
Ir.
sorrow,
to
rem,
brave,
reck.
Eng.
gives
reang,
G. *?(Rhys).
fellow, reabhradh,
noisy,
reg
Ir. reamhar,
Stokes
Ir.
be
root
keen
sob,
; cf.
recht
reang,
from
right.
Eng.
reachd,
g. rdtha,
ha.t. prdtum,
Ir. ramut
the
reabh
Ir., 0.
so
the
; ct
84.
83,
ultimately
are
the
"^revesi-,
compares
brawl,
to
E.
"^revi,Skr.
subtle
E.
Bez.
reb, play.
root
M.
from
governs
; borrowed
spot
;
Hibernian
rath, rdith,
:
g. ree, space
discussed
under
7^aon,
which
during,
re,
prep,
Ir.
Ir. re,
^rovesjd,
Ir. roi,
G.
*rdti-s, "^rdto-n
(O'CL),
0.
and
E.
rdtk^
luna
Ir. re,
objects.
(see radii),
rod
ramhad
Ir., 0.
moon,
re, time,
rdthad,
Ir.
; cf. M.
rdd
re, the
Ir.
cleared
rhath,
Ir.
Lat.
case
any
ratin, Argento-ratum
mead.
rathad,
in
Loth
The
surety.
root
same
which
to
fortress, residence,
Gaul,
a
for
rata
the
from
derivation
stark.
sound,
G.
fram,
vrom,
stem,
thick
end.
see
boat-rib.
reang,
reiik,M.
Fr.
strong,
E.
eng,
rank
now
renc.
boat-rib,
rangan
"
reannag,
sidus
Ch.
star, Ir.
a
:
'^'rendi-,root
Slav.
r"du,
0.
reanndn,
ordo
red,
;
Gr.
Ir.
rd,
order
Lit.
fixed
eprjpcSerai,
rinda,
; Lat.
row,
order,
ordo
(Fick,
Prellwitz).
reasach, talkative, prattling (H.S.D., Dial.),Ir. reascach,
see
rdscach
rdsan.
reasgach, stubborn,
reic, sell, Ir. reic, a
renim,
sell
irascible, restive
sale,
root
0.
per,
Ir.
recc,
through,
:
a
over
sale,
("
reccaim
(vb.), also
sell
sea") ;
over
Gr.
289
LANGUAGE).
GAELIC
THE
OP
1 bell ; Lit.
sell, pass
through, Tmrpdu-KM, Trkpviijxi,
Gadelic
The
and
Lit. show
a
secondary
pirHi, perhh, buy.
Trepan),
Gadelic
perk, prek,
root
Gr.
give
Trepvrjixi
0.
"^[pyrek-kd,while
pernd-, prend- (Ir.).
stem
roed, M.
Br.
Got.
bereit,
Gaul,
reilig,a
Br.
roez,
allied
reda, waggon,
ground,
r-elic{c),
relec{c),0.
Ir.
rouez
ordered.
garaids,
burying
0.
Br.
Ir.
to
Manx
reid,
W.
Ir.
0. W.
rhwydd,
"^reidi- ;
:
Also
0. Ir.
and
renmi
ruid,
Ger.
Eng. ready,
riaclaim,
ride, Ger.
drive,
reiten, etc.
Eng.
7'uitiick,Ir. reilig,roilig,E.
reilic,cemeterium
; from
Lat.
Ir.
reliquioe^
relics.
Ir. reim
re^(i
0.
reim^
of
Ir.
reinimi,inf.
reidh,
0.
Ir.
to
rethim,
drive.
riadaim,
run
suggests
"^ret-s-men,which
alternates
as
would
root
only give
reir, a reir,according
to, Ir.
reis, a
Eng. (H.S.D.).
r6is,
; from
race
a
Ir.
span,
measure
the
reise
span,
root
remm.
r'eir,do
from
prendsid,
sprend.
aprestt,
to
sprend (Strachan).
Lit.
; from
reidh,
with
-tio-.
Ir.
reithe,E.
Ir. rethe
*retio-
(from eri-),Gr.
erietu
; cf. Lat.
aries
epccfios,etc.,
as
in
earb.
reodh, reotha, frost, Ir. red, reodhadh, E. Ir. reo, reod, 0. Ir. reud,
W.
Stokes
rhew, Corn, reu, gelu, Br. reo, rev.
gives the stem
forms
borrowed
as
are
*r"yu-,even
suggesting that the Gadelic
from
the
Cymric ; 0. Ir. reud he refers to *presatu-. I. E.
whence
Lat.
pruina, Eng. freeze, has been
suggested,
preus,
but
the
vowels
do
not
immediately suit [preus would
give
in
rbor
G.) ; yet *prevo-, a longer form
(with or
ro-^
rua-,
Celtic
without
of
for
the
forms.
account
can
s)
preu-s,
reub, riab, tear, wound, Ir. reubaim, re'abaim, E. Ir. rebaim, reproot
"^reibbo-,
:
gaeth, rending wind
reib, Eng. reap, ripe, and
rip C?).
Stokes
dash
kpetTTdi,
rampi, rifa,
and
force
on
gives the
down, Lat.
break.
Lat.
G.
stem
as
*reip-ii6-,root
reip
rifna,
ripa,
rapiiia.
W.
rheibio, seize,
of Gr.
its
is from
rapio.
35
form
Lat.
290
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
reubal,
rebel
reudan,
timber
ret^
moth
rud,
now
Eng.
the
; from
reusan,
Ir
reult,
reilte,E.
g.
g.
"^
reumail,
recula,
from
thing,
; from
Ir. reuauu,
M.
reim,
Ir.
retla^ g. retland,
Ger.
gland, shining,
(Arms.)
constant
reason,
small
q.v.
Ir. retan,
; of. O.
course.
Ir. resuri,
M.
from
i^eisun,now
Eng.
reason.
reusbaid,
root
-wards,
0.
Ir. ri,
; Lat.
fri,
in
raibas,
roaban,
orth,
^vrti,
ouz
turn
Eng.
mottled
stripe : ^reibdko-,
raibs, motley, 0, Pruss.
Ir., M.
so
riab,
from
riabhach.
Ir.
Lett,
grey,
striped.
"
break
notch,
(Gr.
etc., Ger.
reihe,
that
is
7'iach
row), yet
strioch,
of
I.
is
E.
raikf/ti,draw
Lit.
tear,
Eng.
variant
there
Although
epecKw,
row,
one,"
grey
it
probable
most
seems
reiko-,
furrow,
q.v.
distributing :
riachlaid,
Cor.
re-,
versus,
riachaid,
composition
etc.
rascal
contra,
versus,
turn
vert,
(Arran),
brat
beggar's
ri, to, against, Ir. re,
W.
gwrth, wrth,
a
tattered
(Suth.) :
garment
riadh, interest ; from an older Had, running, course
(see reidh
running."
root). Cf. for force M. Ir. i^ith,interest :
riadh, a drill (as of potatoes, Badenoch) : "course, running," as
for
"
the
of riadh
case
riadh, a snare
riaghailt, a
rule,
Ir.
swing,
rig
riaghail,
Hence
rule.
riamh.
See
"^reigo-,root
reguia, Eng.
riaghan,
above.
swinging
in cuibhreach
0.
Ir.
riagul, riagol
riaghail,
also
;
Ir.
cf
rule
riagh,
; from
gallows, riaghadh,
H.S.D.
the
gives
meaning
W.
riomh, 0. Ir. rim, number,
riamh,
before, Ir. riamh,
ever,
I. E.
preimo-,
per
See
; Lat.
rhif,
belonging
pri,
cus,
in
as
Ir.
0.
as
primus,
"
direamh,
riam,
see
series, number,"
q.v.
antea
to
case
pr"",
etc.),Lith.
Ir.
"^reimu-,
before,
pri.
Got.
Ir.
rian,
and
fri-,
roimh.
pri,
of
Lat.
thou,
in
^rtiyio-,root
rei ; Lat.
way
or
ritus,
path,
Eng.
E.
way,
rite
(Strachan).
voluntas
*pr%jard
:
Got.
frijon^
to
OF
love
SI.
Ch.
GAELIC
THE
prijati,be
291
LANGUAGE.
favourable
^Vv.priyate,be gratified,
pri7idti, enjoy.
: "^reik-so-,
asunder, riasladh, mangling, tearing asunder
break
Gr.
?
Cf
tear
riastradh, riach ;
ipeiKO),
reik, notch,
;
riasail,tear
root
and
riaghan, a swing.
with
riasg, dirk-grass, morass
dirk-grass, Manx
reeast,
E.
Ir.
riasc,
butcher's
land,
mangled
; cf.
Sc.
Ir.
with
riasg,
Lat.
sedge
moor
or
fen,
or
{"^roiscum1),
marshy
grass,
rusciim
reesk, coarse
G.
is from
riasglach,
rush.
Eng.
broom,
covered
wilderness,
; *reisko-
morass
land
sedge,
(H.S.D.,
carcase
from
Dial.) ;
of
stem
riasail.
root,
cf. riasail.
W.
M.
ribheid,
Eng.
a
line, anything
long
riban,
0.
Fr.
reed, bagpipe
M.
Ir.
See
Ir.
riban
tangled,
(Br. ruhan).
reed,
musical
words,
tassel,
ribeog, rag,
ribin.,riband
note,
Ir.
tortion.
dis-
(Hend.).
next
; from
ribheid
from
reed.
lady, quean,
rigan, a
righ, king.
queen,
by proper
etymology, on righ-bhean.
rideal, a riddle ; from the Eng.
of a
ridhe, field, bottom
valley (H.S.D.) ; better
E.
riastrad,
rhyvjstro, obstruct
word,
next
E.
nymph,
young
derivative
Ir.
of
Ir.
rioghan.,
Gaelic
righe.
leans,
See
ruighe.
ridir, a
knight,
Ir.
ridire,
E.
Ir.
ritire, W.
rheidyr
; from
Ag.
S.
"
',
do,
q.v.
See
also
gniomh.
292
ETYMOLOGICAL
riochd,
*rktu-
(I);
Ir.
form,
appearance,
for
root,
DICTIONARY
that
see
0.
riochd,
Ir.
richt, W.
rhith
^riktu-,
of dorch.
of
'^'rimo-,
reannach,
rionnach,
"
measured
"
ness
; root
mackerel
star, constellation.
See
of aireamh
rim
spotted," from
"streaked,
reannag.
risteal,
'''ro-fhir,
very
; from
revera
reann,
rireadh
or
true
surface
in
the
Hebrides, drawn
plough, used
by one
and
horse
the
coulter, Sc. ristle ; from
having a sickle-like
Norse
ristill,ploughshare, from
rista, cut.
rithisd, rithis, ris, a rithisd, etc., again, Ir. arts, 0. Ir. aritkissi,
a
afrithissi,
Ascoli
rursus.
(see deis).
Jitkissi,absidas, fithis, a
vestigium
0.
Ir.
Others
beginning
ro,
for
is
ar-
"^frith-eisse,from
suggests
have
derived
The
root
thus
^frith(s/i)issi-,resistere, backness."
well
may
orbit.
circle,
*ar-frithissi^ that
be
sta,
from
it
Ir. rd, 0.
Ir.
{Ro-smeyta,
ro-
verbal
and
ro-,
W.
Ro-danos,
stand, reduplicated
; Skr.
rhj/-, Br.
.0. Br.
re,
for
so
roc,
particle;
roc,
on,
q.v.
:
Lat.
which
; Gr.
pro
root, the
runt
rock
old
pra,
Eng.
; from
M'K.,
Eng.
hoarse
G.
voice
crow,
rocas,
groan,
Br.
before
irpo,
for
; cf.
rob."
"
robhadh
rocdn,
fold
on
Norse
hrokr,
which
covered
rock
(Heb.),
rok.
N.
; founded
roc^ha,
q.v.
tempest
roc,
from
Ir.
crease,
is both
rout
the
rabhadh,
of
derives
who
wrinkle,
form
Gaul.
ru-,
before.
the
*sistio-
to
?o-,
hair ; founded
r6b, coarse
on
Eng. rope.
robber
from
the
Ir. has rohail
The
robair, a
Eng.
;
about
robhas, notification, information
anything lost
at
etc.) : "^ro-,*pro-,
intensive
an
roc,
"^ar-Jithis,
The
"
very,
robhd,
eis,
rug
the
; from
(Thurneysen).
the
Norse
rook.
Stokes
refers
ht
W.
to
Norse
See
hrukka^
rug.
rhoch, grunt,
*rokka, Gr. pkjKoi,
snore.
racadh.
; in
the
first
latter
meaning
sense,
it is from
is of the
same
roc,
wrinkle,
origin.
See,
OF
rocas,
r6chd,
rod, a
GAELIC
rode,
Ii'. rod,
road,
way,
E.
see
Ir.
S.
M.
hroc.
roc.
rod
Ag.
; from
S.
M.
rdd,
Eng.
road.
now
cast
on
quantity of sea-weed
Ir.
E.
shot
rout.
(O'R.),
r6d, a rood (of land or mason-work)
timber
on
growth
rodach, sea-weed
rod,
293
LANGUAGE.
hrokr, rook,
Norse
; from
crow
THE
the
shore
; cf. Ir.
the
; from
under
rod,
cast,
Eng.
water
rod,
cf.
sea
weed.
rodaidh,
of
ruddy,
ruadh,
stem
*ro-gu,
correlates
with
the
; from
Ir.
rogha,
root
rotaide
"^rud-do-, root
rud,
roud
Eng.
the
Lat.
rogo,
E.
roghan,
g.
of
gus
gu,
and
*rog6n
as
Ir.
q.v.
M.
darkish,
taghadh,
root
as
rog,
ask.
Bez.
Ir.
rogain,
Stokes
q.v.
Ir.
pi.,0.
n.
gives
the
{^Bez.Beit.^^)he
which
Lit.
rogduti,
; cf.
ropach
suggests
to
cost.
filth
about
the
mouth
for
root.
but
r6ic, a sumptuous
Sc.
rouch
unrefined
applied
as
to
feast
feast
"
seemingly
"plentiful
founded
but
on
rough
the
and
ready."
have
rocail.
r6ic, tear (H.S.D. ; Sh. and Arm.
roic) ; see
roid, bog myrtle, Ir. rideog (O'R.),M. Ir. raidleog, darnel, raideog,
Cf. ras.
bogmyrtle (St.): "^raddi.
before
roid, a race
a
or
leap, a bounce
spring : "^raddi-, *raz-di-,
in
1
root
as
race
Eng.
ras,
rolled
of a sow
roilean, snout
; really the
up part of the snout,
and
so
possibly from
Eng. roll.
confused
roileasg, a
joy, roille,a fawning or too cordial reception ;
cf. Ir. rothoil, exceeding pleasure, from
Also
G.
toil, will.
"
"
roithleas.
0.
Ir.
Br.
reun,
ruain,
hair
i stem
from
cow
or
Ir. roinn,
from
rann,
roman,
hair,
etc.
horse, ruainne,
M.
q.v.
Ir.
roinded,
^rdni-
; cf. Ir.
hair,
divided
"^ranni-^
294
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
; from
stream
Sc.
roisgeul,
in
rouse,
In
sea.
Norse
roose,
an
assault,
ing
boast-
Norse
rost,
current,
or
the
"
of
sense
it is
boast,"
boasting.
rausan,
rhodomontade
romance,
the
boat,
tide
strong
roust,
current
or
from
Sc.
rosin.
; from
and
very,
ro,
sgeul, a
tale, q.v.
roist, roast, Ir. rdsdaim, W. rhostio ; from
0. H. G. rost, craticula.
rostir, from
roithlean,
rol, rola,
rotula
Lat.
rolaist,
meal
romhan,
and
Roman
ron,
as
the
old
seal
joining
a
spar,
M.
; from
hrung
words
q.v.
Fr.
roUe,
? from
row
W.
romance.
seal,
moelron
be
must
from
Mac
Teutonic.
S.
hrdn.
Cf.
Ronchon.
and
reang
Eng.
rung,
Eng.
now
from
Ir. ramas,
romance,
ronis,
Norse
Ronoc,
Rondn,
rung
Fr.
"^rdno-;
(before 900),
:
holds
r6n
(W. Meyer, Zeit.^^ 119). Stokes
from
Ag. S hron or hron, hrdn, whale, while
suggests
names
roth,
Eng. rolle,0.
Ir. rdn
ritinis, Lettic
Lit.
rhamant,
0.
borrow
Zimmer
rong,
W.
Ir. ron,
rohns,
an
M.
0.
roast,
whisky
Cf.
seal,
Lettic
; from
(Sutherland) :
talk, raving, rigmarole (Dial.);
wild
the
; cf.
romance,
romach,
romag',
Eng.
now
Eng.
roll.
exaggeration
hairy, rough :
the
N.
main
rong,
"
or
rang
rangan,
The
rafter, pole.
from
boat-rib," are
the
Norse.
the
rong,
vital
spark, life :
lounger ; cf. next
rongair, a
rongair, rong,
The
Sc.
lean
has
word,
; from
person
in
rung
this
sense
''
rong,
:
rung
like
ladder."
animal
ugly, big-boned
"an
"
or
ronn,
person
slaver,
cf.
r6p,
Eng.
rope,
Eng.
spittle,E.
running
of the
nose
"^runno-;
run.
Ir.
rdpa
M.
from
Eng.
rope,
Ag.
roop,
S.
rdp
now
rope.
Ir. ronna,
Ir.
rupach,
slut
young
"^rouh-tho- ; cf.
rub.
a
dealing extensively with
family in provisions, etc. ;
liberality (M'A.) :
for it),Ir. ros,
seed, ros
lin, flax seed (Armstrong's only use
roram,
ros,
flax
seed, M.
Ir.
ros,
genealogy,
E.
Ir.
ross
lin, flax
seed
THE
OP
(Corm.),
frasts,
word
genealogy,
ros,
seed
ultimately
are
and
Strachati
also
Dr.
shower,"
"
means
whence
usual
both
but
dew,
e'/ocriy,
epcn^,
Trpdcrov,leek
Gr.
Gr.
compared
Cameron
(iot.
compares
child.
A
(Stokes), a
pro-sto
"^verso,flow,
from
male.
ap"Tr)v,
which
fras, which
is
^95
LANGUAGE.
to
fra-sst-s, from
for
for
GAELIC
Tr.
promontory,
(South
Ireland
wood;
; its
usual
the
former
in
before,"
out
root
especially Skr.
ros,
stand,
sta,
prastha, plateau.
the
In
stand,
Eng.
sto,
"wood,"
of
sense
etc.
ros
word
as
generally regarded as the same
ros, promontory,
which
is
with
nemorosum,"
explained as
promontorium
W.
Br.
rhos, a moor,
waste, coarse
compared
highland,
ros, a
is
"
knoll.
rds,
Ir, r6sa,
rose,
M.
Ir. ros,
W,
rhosyn
from
M.
the
word
The
ros
Ag. S. rose, from Lat. rosa.
of
erysipelas."
phoric meaning
(Carm.) :
ros, knowledge
evil
rosad, mischance,
spell : ^pro-stanto-,
Eng.
also
has
the
rose,
meta-
"
obstruction,"
rosg",
an
clear
seq,
in
as
say,
belch, bursting
oculus
{"^regli-)
; Lit.
Stokes).
(to battle),war
root
Ir. rose,
root
"^rog-sko-,
(Bez.
regiu, I see
:
dorclt.
sgeul, cosg,
of
as
Ir. rosg,
ode,
incitement
rosg,
before,
standing
f'a""said.
0.
roi"g,
reii,
See
apud
rot,
Ir.
Ir.
see,
rog,
Cf.
sta.
eyelid,
eye,
reg,
root
"
E.
Ir.
^ro-sqo-,
q.v.
waves
rose
Fr.
from
rot.
Sc. rotcolL
rotacal, horse radish ; from
rush
at starting, a running
:
rotach, a
rotaehl
rotach, rough weather,
{LiQwm) ; N. rota, storm.
rattle
to frighten cattle
rotach, a hand
:
rotach, a circle of filth on one's clothes
(M'A. for Islay),rotair,
sloven
to
rotal,
roth, a
ret,
work
the
; cf.
wheel,
0.
rot
Ir.,
Lat.
rdthas,
; from
be
to
ship's wake
Skr.
rota,
done,
Kng.
Ir.
rut,
roth,
w^heel
waggon.
Sc.
rot, lines
furrow,
to
rhod
rad
; Ger.
Same
Lat.
route,
W.
Ag.
"^roudo-
S.
Lat.
read, Eng.
red
rufu%,
richer
',
; cf.
rut
the
on
rdtas,
ruith,
"^roto-,root
Lett.
q.v.
roll
thou,
swathe.
W.
rhudd.
Corn,
epvOpos
rut.
ruptd.
Lat.
Gr.
ground
Eng.
i^od
as
rotha, a
(of tobacco), rothaich,
vice :
screw
or
a
rotha,
ruadh, red, ruddy, Ir. ruadh, E. Ir. ruad,
drawn
(f.),Br.
;
root
roll
ruz
; Lit.
raudd,
Got.
red
7'a
ts ;
Hence
rud,
Br.
rauj?s.
colour.
296
ETYMOLOGICAL
ruag",
pursue,
ronic,
ruaim,
root
Lat.
rou,
from
roud-s-men,
ruaimhsheanta,
the
on
Ir. ruaic
*rounko-,
fall.
rush,
rtto,
of anger
flush
DICTIONARY
face,
*roud
Ir.
ruaim,
ing
redden-
ruamna'lh,
of ruadh.
and
hale
also
means
"
ruaimle
muddy
as
ruaimneach,
the
pool
active,
strong,
; Lat.
"^rous-men-
same
ruo,
ruaivi
as
"
also
may
M.
Ir.
whence
above,
Of.
be.
Sc.
E.
ruamach,
the
indeed
drumblie.
Ir.
C?):
ruamna
rush.
rub,
rub
rubail,
*routro-,
root
rush
to
rou,
W.
on
rush,
ruo,
;
insultus
impetus,
Ir.
the
from
Eng.
(M'A.)
Eng. rumble.
(M'E
etc.),a rick of hay ;
(H.S.D., M'A.), rue, ruean
rue, rucan
Sc. ruch, Eng. rick, ruck, Norse
from
hraukr, heap,
kind
fondness
of
jostling
rueas,
the
throat, wheezing ; cf. Sc. roulk
ruehan, ruean,
rouk),
(
tumult,
rumbling
; formed
on
Fr.
hoarse,
ruehd,
belch,
grunt,
erilgere,spit out.
rud,
thing.
hospitable,
a
roud
Ir.
promontory,
"
before
from
blush,
in
E.
ruadh,
root
bu
*ruuto-
rubha,
of the
Ir. ruidiud
Lat.
from
Cf.
0.
rath,
*rentu-s
rd
of
?'ube
"^pro-bio-, being
see
bi.
short
root
q.v.
E.
Ir.
verb
; from
"to
be
"
rud,
root
form
of
q.v.
searching, groping,
wrinkle,
ruck,
raodaeh),
(Arran
see
and
riithan, peat
meaning
are
up.
rudhraeh,
rug,
belch,
belch,
ructo,
ruck,
Sc.
rudach
(Arg., Arran),
tendon
raucus.
belch.
Ir. rud
knuckle,
rudha,
rvgiu,
noise
Skr.
rudan,
rudha,
Lit.
Lat.
from
rumbling
raod
Dial,
hoarse,
rauque,
Ir. rug
crease.
; from
Ir.
Norse
rudhrach,
hrukka,
darkening
a
a
wrinkle,
fold, Eng.
OF
rug,
where
ucc
Ir. rouic
tiilit,0.
rucc,
"^ud-gos-a,root
297
LANGUAGE.
Ir. rue,
E.
Ir. rug,
caught,
GAELIC
THE
ges,
Lat.
carry,
"^ro +
ucc-,
See
gestum.
gero,
thug.
Swed.
rugadh,
(M'A.) ;
cloth
rough
ruga,
from
Eng.
M.
rug,
ruggig.
of
greedy grasping
cleared
rookit,
; from
anything
Sc.
out.
rugaid, a long
(H.S.D.) :
rugair, a drunkard
(H.S.T).says Dial., M'A.
For
Eng.
phonetics, cf. rac, drake,
rather
but
rudha,
rugha, a blush ; see
reddening (O'Cl.).
fondness
ruic, undesirable
(M'D.) :
neck
ruicean,
pimple
"^rud-ki-,from
N.)
says
(Corm.)
rucce
shame,
ruadh.
in
as
the
; from
ruithii
ruidhil, ruidhle
(Arg.;, a dance
; see
ruidhil, a yarn reel ; from M. Eng. reel,hreol, Ag. S. hreol.
ruidhleadh, rolling ; from ruith, roth.
ruidhtear, a glutton, riotous liver ; from
Eng. rioter.
ruididh, merry,
ruideis, a sporting
frisky, Ir. ruideiseach, from
mood.
Cf.
ruidhtear.
Deer), E.
ruighe, an arm,
ruighe,
the
[r.
Hence
stretch,
riccim,
gu
forearm,
Lat.
Ir.
riccu
ruig,
E.
as
Ir.
; from
far
as
part
and
ro
0.
as,
rig,
G.
iccim,
for
gonice (B.
of
forearm
root
"^regit-,
ruigheachd.
base
or
of
foregoing
mountain,
the
; from
reach, reaches
of the
case
Ir.
See
7ige, rigid, a
the
in
E.
righ,
etc.
rego,
outstretched
ground,
Ir. corrici.
stretch,
reg,
at, 0.
thig.
see
; from
ram
shealing
root
reg,
words.
ruigheachd,
ruighean,
ruinn,
See
etc.
wool-roll
eirich.
ready
to
the
; from
spin
root
same
uis,
rash
ruiteach,
ruadh.
but
; formed
from
ruddy, E. Ir.
(Stokes Eev.
this
would
Ir.
ruith, run,
(d. riuth),
the
rhedu,
Eng.
rutech
give G.
riothaim,
W.
as
ruighe.
rinn.
point ;
ruinn.se,a long stick or stake, an animal's
tail,rump
ruinnse, a rinsing, rinser ; from Eng. rinse.
see
Lit.
.
*rud-tiko-,
Celt.^
Cf
russuSj
from
366) explained
it
root
rud.
of
i^ud, roud
"^rudidech,
as
ruideach.
0.
to
Ir.
run,
rethim,
rhed^
perf. rdith,
race,
Br.
inf.
redek,
36
rith
Gaul.
298
ETYMOLOGICAL
petor-ritum,
wheeler
four
"^re^o ;
roll,
Lit.,Lett,
Lat.
ritu, I
roll ; Lat.
round.
Eng.
rotundus,
roth.
See
or
Ir. rum,
room,
marsh
the
rotula,
and
*retoli-,root
little wheel,
(Skeat).
reel
way,
bobbin,
M.
Eng.
The
ret, run,
rotulare,revolve,
borrowing
be
reel, dance,
be,
may
the
same
the
Eng.
as
'^roteli 1
Ir. rum,
floor
(O'Gl.);
from
; from
tail,rump
Eng,
other
reel, a spindle
rumach,
rumpull,
; Lat.
Hence
the
however,
righil, ruidhil
also
in ruith
as
roll.
Eng.
rtrni,a
rotula, Eng.
wheel,
rota,
DICTIONARY
the
Sc.
Eng.
runar,
rumple, Eng.
Ir. run,
secret, Ir.,0.
runes
W.
rhin
ipevvdw,
Gr.
rump.
^riines-
Got.,
seek
out
search.
revo,
above
see
word,
0.
"^rusko-
Fr.
; whence
Pied,
rusque,
rusca,
old
probably an
rush, Eng. rush,
vowel
does
borrow
the
ruth,
desire
rtithan
horn
of
(Carm.)
; but
Celts
the
from
the
:
Teutonic
M.
The
; this
0.
Fr.
H.
rusche,
G.
Cor.
is
rusche,
and
to
seems
bark
Celtic
the
"
unlikely.
Gadelic
Br.
imply
themselves.
Norse
hrutr,
ram.
Eng.
(Carm.).
riit, ram
roebuck
the
from
rushes
thinks
Stokes
tally with
not
borrowing among
rilta, a ram,
ridgling ;
rutachd, rutting : from
mtaidh,
surly (Carm.)
rutan,
bark.
rusk,
rusgenn,
(of bark),
beehive
ruche,
cortex, W.
Ir. ruse,
(better rughan),
hrugi, heap,
rutharach, quarrelsome,
Arms.), Ir. rutharach
heap (
peat
dais) ;
fighting (H.S.D.
(O'R.); from
marks
the
from
it
Norse
obsolete
ruathar.
-sa,
to personal
pronominal particle attached
and
to nouns
:
preceded by the possessive pronouns
pronouns
mi-se, I myself, thu-sa, sibh-se, i-se (she),e-san, iad-san
;
So also modern
mo
Ir.,
cheann-sa, a cheann-san, his head.
that
0. Jr. -sa, -se (1st Pers.),-su, -so, pi.
is esea7i
save
esan
:
-St
(2nd Pers.),-som, -sem
(3rd Pers. m. and n., sing., and pi.),
-si (3rd Pers./.). All are
of the pronominal root
cases
so-, -se ;
Gr. 6, the
See
( o-o); Ag. S. se, the (m.),Eng. she.
so, sin.
-se, -san,
emphatic
OF
THE
GAELIC
sabbath
Eng.
299
LANGUAGE.
; from
Ir.
sapoit
Hebrew
Lat.
; from
sabhatum,
shabbdth.
sabh,
samh, q.v.
; better
sabh, ointment, salve ; from Sc. saw, Eng. salve.
sabh, a saw, Ir. sabh ; from the Eng.
sauail, Ir. sabhailim
sabhail, save, .Manx
(sdbhdlaim, O'B.) ; from
Kuno
Lat. salvare, to save.
Meyer says from Eng. save.
M.
Ir.
sabhal, a barn, so Ir.,
saball, Ir. Lat. zabulum
; through
Lat. stabulum, a stall,Eng. stable.
Brittonic
from
Cf. M. Ir.
steferus zephyr,
sabhd, a lie,fable (H.S.D., Dial.),straying, lounging; cf. saobh.
Ir. sabhsa
the Eng.
sabhs, sauce,
; from
founded
the English word.
on
sabhsair, a sausage
;
sach ; from
Ag. S. sacc, Eng.
sac, a sack, Ir. sac, E. Ir. sacc, W.
sorrel, Ir. samh
sack,
sac,
Got.
Lat.
sakkus,
Ir.
load, burden,
saccus.
sacadh, pressing
into
sack
Fr.
(do.); from
.sac,
pillage, the
all
borrowed
from
sack
a
sack, plunder,
saccax,
sachasan, sand-eel :
from
sad, dust shaken
anything by beating, a smart
Lat.
same
saccare
Low
bag.
or
Eng.
as
bag.
or
blow, sada
!h,
dusting, beating.
Ir.
priest,
Cha
sagart,
whence
agam,
Ir.
sodal,
from
saidh,
blade
in the
of
prow
handle
Lat.
from
Ir.
ship, a
handle
or
the
part of
f, sacardd
sacai
q.v.
upright beam,
an
naught)
sacerdotal.
Eng.
saidealta, soidealta, shy, bashful,
sacerdos,
I have
(Arg.);
fish
from
N.
sei"r, the
gadus
sei.
now
of the
Eng. hai/ by the influence
article {an t-hay becoming
a
supposed de-eclipsedsay).
of a falling body, a crash, noise
saidse, Lound
(Badenoch Dial.
doidse, a dint) :
:
saigean, a corpulent little man
saigh, a bitch, Ir. saith (Con., Lane, etc.),sagh, saighin (O'Br.),
saidhe, hay
M.
Ir.
; formed
sogh, sodh,
saighdear,
W.
Sc.
sougeour,
saez
E.
Ir.
soldier, archer,
Sagittarius,
early
saighead,
the
from
borrow
an
; from
now
Lat.
from
Lat.
soldier
sawdwr,
sodger,
arrow,
:
sod, bitch, she-wolf
Ir. sdighdiur
(do.), M.
so
soldier, confused
in
Ir.
Eng.
Gadelic
saigdeoir,
soudiour,
with
an
seth,
Br.
Sagittarius,archer.
Ir., 0.
sagitta.
M.
from
Ir.
For
saiget, W.
root
see
saeth.
ionnsuidh.
Cor.
300
ETYMOLOGICAL
sail,
Ir.
beam,
sail
DICTIONARY
*spali-,allied
Ger.
to
spalten, split,Eng.
spill^split.
Siil,
heel, Ir.,
has
lately
stand
0.
Ir.
sdl, W.
revived
; but
the
old
initial
st
Br.
sawdl,
seuzl
derivation
does
in
not
from
Ascoli
*sdtld.
root
"^std-tlo-,
words
native
sta,
became
in
Gadelic.
saill,
fat
; Lit.
salt, etc.
saill,
salt
saldiis,sweet.
Ir., 0.
thou,
pickle
*saldi-
further,
salann
sailliin,condio, "^saldio,salt
Ir.
Eng.
*salni-
salann.
see
sailm,
Ir.
fatness,
or
decoction,
oak-bark
decoction
; founded
M.
Eng.
peace,
pectoral
on
saimhe,
blood,
staunch
to
Gr.
sumption
con-
salve
salfe, now
Ir.
luxury, E.
tjSvs, etc.
sdim,
But
cf.
sdmha,ch.
saimir, the
sainnseal,
trefoil
clover
New
handsel.
hansell,
i.e.
Ir.
seamar
gift ;
from
So.
(A. M'D.),
Year's
back
svel ; Lat.
saluni,
sea
dirty
0.
so
Br.
Eng.
0.
neck
M.
Eng.
H.
Ir.
saith,
*svdlos, root
who
(Stokes,
Gadelic
equates
also
sval,
refers
Gr.
with
As,
sal.
root
halatvg, halog,
W.
Cor.
halou,
haloc, lugubri
0.
backbone,
O'B., etc.) :
Ir., salach,
sallom,
or
swell
Eng.
Br.
seaynrag.
handsel,
deliver,
hand-sellan,
saith,
bone, joint of the
joint of neck or backbone
(Lh
sal, also sail, saile, sea, Ir. sdile,E.
the
see
G.
'''saldko-s
is used.
C^salen-):
salt, Ger.
salldair,
0.
salm,
samh,
salz ; Ch.
salt
halen.
; Lat.
Cor.
haloin,
aAs, salt,
sal ; Gr.
Sc.
clownish
person
"
appearance,
samhach,
0.
Ir.
wooden
stand).
Eng.
from
from
Lat.
Sc.
cf.
soiv,
makes
who
one
dirty
pig."
haft, handle,
suiiKiigim,
Cf.
sea
caldron.
and
Br.
salm
psalm, Ir., 0. Ir. salm, W.
;
psalmus, Eng. psahn.
Lat. saltare, dance,
saltair, trample, Ir. saltairim
; from
ill odour
samh, the smell of the air in a close room,
:
Ir.
samh
samh, sorrel,
:
samh,
halenn
Br.
SI. soil.
; from
chaldron,
W.
sala7in,
salanno-s,
chalder
Fr.
Ir.
.sawi,
pono
Ir.
(which
together,
samhthach,
Ascoli
0.
refers
of saDihuinn.
Ir. samthach
to
*stam,
root
; cf.
sta,
OF
from
sdmh,
mild,
0.
G.
H.
quiet
like,
^sdmo-.
Ch.
Stokes
SI.
haual
allied
and
the
root
Zend
Eng.
samr,
soft,
Eng.
to
with
somr,
Ir.
sain
lidma,
same
or
W.
like
luival, avel,
Corn
amal,
o/xaAo?,
(jr.
ness,
like-
like, samhuil,
samhail,
hafal, similis, 0.
*samali-
rest, quiet,
same,
sdim/ie.
tame.
TJjjiepos,
samhail, samhuil, likeness, like,
W.
sdm,
connection
suggests
Of.
Ir.
sfunjan, please
ipse, Norse,
samu,
Gr.
simile,
has
Possibly
samhradh.
Br.
samhach), still,pleasant,
Ir. mmhach
sdim,
of
(Coneys
quiet,
sdmhach,
301
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
similis
; Lat.
Eng.
same.
samhan,
Ag.
S.
samhnan,
samhradh,
savine,
Corn,
Zend
year,
hama,
Gr.
summer,
samhuinn,
sam,
Ir.
hurt
van,
Dr
(Eng.
same
assemble;
the
as
fuin,
the
was
Tara
"
1st
November,
simul,
on
samplair,
*vo-
end,
favours
into
it
root
whence
som,
Eng.
"assembly"
mean
while
1st
sam-
fuin, Kluge
ox
the
from
Lat.
analyses
*samani-
makes
on
pattern,
copy,
and
Ascoli
samain
takes
sainain,
Zimmer
suffer) ;
and
Eng.
(n.).
summer-end,"
fuinim,
(Stokes).
6/"tos,like,
Gr.
at
'''sam-fuin,
sdmd,
rado-n
"
sam,
further
samuin,
end, sunset,
q.v.
; Skr.
rad
Ir.
((^ot. wii"nan,
samhuil),
gathering
for
(Eng. wound)
same,
see
Ceitein,
samplair,
samhain,
Stokes, however,
year
am,
E.
sam.rad,
*samo-
termination
comhnuidh,
suffer
*wen,
fo-in-.
in
as
nes,
suggests
Skr.
and
summer,
root
neso,
The
day.
rjfi^pa,
Ir.
E.
hanv
Arm.
usually regarded
from
Br.
haf,
summer.
Hallow-tide,
fhuin
our
Br.
(H.S.D., Dial.) :
trout
samhradh,
samhradh,
M.
haf,
saveine,
Eng.
M.
Eng. savin,
river
large
Ir.
summer,
; from
sabina.
Lat.
samhnachan,
W.,
"
Ir. samhdn
savin-bush,
Cet-shamain,
May.
sampla
Eng.
from
sampler^ sample.
-san,
in
as
sanas,
whisper,
"^sanastu-,
to
sannt,
Br.
Gr.
ipse, iadsai)
esan,
secret,
root
sven
see
Manx
-sa.
sannish, whisper,
; Lat.
Eng.
sonare,
Ir., E.
Ir.
; Skr.
sound
sanas
svdnati,
sound.
'^svandstd,
Ir. sant,
desire,
Eng. sweet,
saobh, erroneous,
saobhaidh,
den
Cor.
whans,
Skr.
svad,
relish
; further
etc.
apt
wavering,
chvjant.
root
avSdvii),please, rj8v^,sweet
W.
err,
dissimulation,
W.
of
to
chwifio, turn,
a
wild
beast,
whirl
fox's
den
Ir. saobh
(adj.),0.
^svoibo-s, turning
Eng.
:
sweep,
swoop.
Ir.
aside,
302
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
saog'hal, the
world,
Lat.
from
an
age,
saeculum,
life.
hoedl,
saoi, saoidh,
worthy
suad
good,
generous
man,
scholar,
^su-vid-s,
'.
warrior,
pi. saoithe, E.
of
vtd
root
(Ifart.
man,
Ir.
scholar,
Ir.
sdi, sui,
Jios (Thurneysen).
vat, say (see faith).
root
saoi,
sage,
Stokes
Rhys
agrees.
saoibh, foolish,
saoibhir,rich,
Ir. saobh
(do.) ; see
perverse,
Ir. Kaidkhliir, E. Ir. saidber,
from
^su-adber,
bring,
saoibhneas,
saobh.
opposed
(Lat. adftro), root
"^ad-beri-
daidber
to
bher
of
beir,
q.v.
peevishness, dulness;
saobhnds,
bad
manners
from
but
G.
seems
Ir.
saobh.
saoibh,
has
derivative
pure
of
saobh.
saith
young
mark, seal ; see
saoidhean,
saoil, a
saoil, think, deem,
Eng.
saoitear,
saor,
saor,
from
carpenter,
"^
root
sapii'o-s.,
a
(Suth.) ;
(
su
Ir.
be
may
saiwala,
allied
Lat.
to
Ir.
W.
Cor.
sair
*sairo-s, from
sapio, sapientia, wisdom, Ag. S.
(Stokes, who
sense
"^su-viro-s, good
"
soer
viro-s,fear, q.v.
saer.
skill,Lat.
sap,
soir,
thinks
the
Brittonic
Ir.
sdithar,
borrowed).
be
Got.
; cf.
taoitear.
see
so-) and
saor,
sefa, understanding,
may
sdilim
Ir.
suggests
Ir. sder, 0.
E.
sao?'.
free;
Kluge
tutor
oversman,
man,"
E.
saoilim,
sai.
root
free, Ir.
seiitfr.
; cf. N.
seul.
Ir.
which
soul,
saeculum,
(Lewis)
*sai-tro-n
; Lat,
; also
;
saevus,
Ir.
Ir.
E.
Got.
E.
Ir.
; Lit.
saphir
0.
sbeth
sdeth,
*sai-tu-
S. sdr,
sair, Ag.
wild
sdethar^
siws,
; from
Ir.
Lat.
sapphirus,
0.
sdruighim,
W.
Ir.
sperno
(Stokes).
from
Ir.
Eng.
The
spurn
W.
(Stokes)%
has
Lit.
the
spirti,
a
kick
pretonic
short
Skr.
sehr,
whence
sdraigim,
sarhded,
violo, contemno,
sdr, outrage,
contempt,
*sdro-n, *spdro-n, root
kick, spurn
:
;
sper,
tumelia
g.
root
con-
Lat.
sphur, jerk
; is it borrowed
OF
303
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
strong,
sieg,victory
sardall, a sprat;
6xvp6"i,strong,
; Gr.
seg
; Skr.
Ger.
sdhas, might.
the
from
mrdin^.
(Bailey),now
sds, a trap, fixing ; from
sardel
Eng.
Ir.
sdsaim
sdtk,
sdtk, q.v.
; from
Ir. sdith
sdith, E.
sath^
*sdti-
; Got.
so}),
satiety, Ger. satt (adj.); Lit. sotis ; Lat. sat, enough, satur,
Eng. satisfy, etc.
full,whence
s4th, thrust, transfix, Ir. sdtha'lh, a thrust, push, M. Ir. sdthud,
svak,
root
; Lat.
e^
schwack.
under
see
Ir. se, W.
; Gr.
sex
Ger.
weak,
svag,
chvech.
Got,
di-.
Cor.
six ; Skr.
saihs, Eng.
cliouec^h
vjheh, Br.
shash.
seahhaid.
see
Norse
haukr,
I. E.
haf,
root
0.
Lat.
qai",
Ir.
sebocc,W. hehog,
hawk, Ger. hahicht,
allied
hawk,
capus,
to
capio.
seabhaid,
an
^sibo;
error,
wandering,
short
form
Ir.
wither,
seac,
further
by,
has
and
seachd,
seiz
Ir.
seven,
:
error,
folly,wandering
Ir.
seachlach,
"
Ir. seachd, 0.
Lat.
siccus.
Ir. sech,
out.
ultra, praeter, W. heb, with: *seqos ; Lat, se,cus, otherwise,
Ir. secht
W.
n-,
septem. ; Gr.
; from
heifer
Lat.
calf."
septimana,
barren
seachluighim, lay
past
Lat.
to
sechmall, prseteritio (
Ir.
sychu,
I follow
*septn
sizun
W.
seasg.
Ir. seach, 0.
eTrra
saith. Corn,
Got., 0. H.
Eng. seven
septyni ; Skr. saptd.
; Lit.
seachduin, a week, Ir. seachdmhain, 0. Ir. sechtman,
Br.
'?
of saobh
root
sequor,
Skr.
Corn,
under
seabhdid,
E.
seacaim,
of the
Ir.
though
=
from
of age
sechm, past,
aside.
H.
seach-la, surviving,
seyth.,Br.
G.
Corn,
siban,
seithum,
septem.
bear
to
and
ell,go,
S. D.
still
calf ; cf. 0.
as
suggests
Ir.
tadhal),
seach-laogh,
in
spared (Suth.).
304
ETYMOLOGICAL
wandering,
seachran,
seach
from
an,
seadh, yes,
seadh, sense
Seagal, rye,
for
Ir. secul
Ir. sechrdn
"^sech-reth-
'?
is eadh,
seagh,
of
spelling
Jr., M.
so
fieachrdn, E.
ruit/i,run
'seadk,
usual
Ir.
error,
and
it is, Ir.
DICTIONARY
; from
it is ;
is and
see
it.
eadh,
q.v.
Lat.
secale, whence
also
Br.
segal.
seagh,
esteem,
Ir.
(O'Cl.),
M.
sense,
learned
might
seal,
further
Gr.
space,
Ir.
while,
Br.
hoel,
du
"
Ir.
; Norse
pith
strength,
e'xw,have
moins,
compares
Lettic
cf. Gr.
craXevo), 1
W.
sel,
svel,
root
swalstit, move
E.
Eng.
sell.
Ir.
Gr.
take,
Windisch
(pronominal
and
(apud
thither
Stokes)
which
to
toss.
Ir. selainn, I
take,
sdhas,
versio, turning,
Bez.
turn.
Skr.
;
hold,
chwyl,
W.
^sego-^
sego-
sieg
segh,
hither
sealbh,
possession, ownership
hdw,
Ger.
I. E.
Ir.
sealbh,
strength,
seg,
sigr, victory,
seal, 0.
strength, seaghdha,
Gaul,
has
E.
Ir,
sclb, 0.
Ir.
*seivd, possession,
kXdv,
take
compared
; Got.
selbad,
sel,
root
saljan, offer,
silba, Eng.
Got.
self
sve).
root
Ir.
sorrel,
"
"
helghati,
Cor.
venare.
"^selgd,a hunt,
also
Eng.
seall, look,
Ir.
hemin,
Solway
now
; Ch.
SI.
Lit.
slezena,
bluznis
nail,
meaning
prosper."
good
See
Celtic
*seg-s-men,
M.
as
an
small
riveted
small
:
the
to
view,
gaze,
*stilna6,
as
Br.
see,
H.S.D.),
rivet
syllu,
root
riveted
nail, E.
seg,
Ir. seomuirlln
Arms.),
nail,
Ir. semmen,
segh, hold,
;
from
Ir, seamh
"enchantment
the
;
to
small
see
make
as
stout
W.,
in
M.
seagh,
Eng.
seimh,
one's
M'A.
friends
seamhas.
luck,
seannsail, lucky
also
; from
seanns,
Eng.
good
chance.
chance,
;
;
a-TcXirvos,shining.
chamberlain,
its
W.
"^selgd,"^spelgd;
viscera, (nrX.t]v,
spleen {*splqhen)
gives
gives
Ir.
spleen
Stokes
Gr.
Ir. seaman,
person,
seamhas,
plihdn,
solus.
(seaman,
S^amh,
higher
forbid, enjoin
seum,
seamarlan,
sealg, M.
the
Selgwae,
(see sealbh).
selg, Br. felcli
the
comparing
W.
Ir.
British
lung.
E.
sellet ; cf.
seaman
helhia,
sel, capture
root
; Skr.
Lat.
S^am,
sealbhog
seamhsail,
OF
seamlach,
that
cow
THE
gives milk
Sc. shamloch,
sillyperson
;
Lothian)
(West
years
or
two
(adj.),E.
without
a
(M'A.), Ir.
seamrog^
(B.L.) :
hesitation, quibbling, delay, sham
seamsan,
Northern
Eng. sham, a shame, trick'?
Senoold
0.
Ir.
"^seno-s,old
; Got.
calved
not
for
M.
Ir. semrach
the
Eng. sham,
Br.
hen,
sewzmor
Ir. sean,
old,
sean,
fr.
has
that
cow
impudent
calf, an
her
seamair
shamrock,
seamrag^,
305
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
Corn.,
W.,
sen,
; Lat.
g.
seneschal
i^enex,
sinista,oldest, Eng.
; from
and
0.
senis, old
; Lit.
Gaul.
; Gr.
man
Skr.
;
senas
evo?,
sdnas.
seanachas,
conversation,
story, Ir. seanachas, seanchus, tale,
history, genealogy, 0. Ir. senchas, vetus
historia, lex, 0. W.
Stokes
refers
this
to
hencass, monimenta.
^seno-kastu-, "old
Stokes'
and
story," from *kastu-, root leans,speak (see cainnt
of
derivation
derivative
others
of it). Regarded
as
a
by
pure
*senoGot. siyteigo,
its longer stem
"^seneko- (Lat. senex.
or
old,
Skr. sanakds, old), that
Hence
*senekastu-.
seanachaidh,
is,
reciter
which
of
ancient
favours
seanadh,
senedd,
Corn,
second
the
sened,
historian,
Ir.
seanchuidh,
form
derivation.
Ir.
synod,
senate,
lore,
Br.
seanaidh,
seanadh,
; from
senez
E.
Lat.
the
Ir.
sy
senod,
nodus,
W.
now
Eng. synod.
old-fashioned, knowing
seanagar,
seanair,
"old
Ir.
.
seanathair,
M.
Ir.
henwr
W.
senfha,
senathair,
literally
father."
slender,
seang,
Ir.
grandfather,
; cf
lean,
Ir.
svangr,
slender, thin,
supple,
allied
seangan,
an
to
Norse
"^svengo-s
;
schwank,
swack, supple, Ger.
Ir.
seng
Eng. swing.
(S.
ant
E.
seang,
Sc. swank,
Inverness
Perthshire
and
Manx
snioghan),
seanns,
see
seamhas.
off, flinch,
Ir.
seapaim
"
turn
tail
;"
see
next
word,
seap,
sear,
tail,an
eastern
animal's
see
tail
hanging
down
cowed
ear.
; Lit.
"^svervo-s ; 0.
H.
G.
sweran,
dolere,
Ger.
sa%er,'^Eng.
sivariis,
salty.
37
306
ETYMOLOGICAL
searbhant,
Ir.
wither,
searg,
Lit.
maid
servant
sergu,
DICTIONARY
from
the
Eng.
0.
Ir.
sercim,
serg,
illness
0.
Sax.
swercan,
seargaim,
ill ; O.H.G.
am
swercan,
servant.
"^sergo;
become
gloomy.
searmon,
Ir.
sermon,
sermonis, Eng.
secirr,
searrach,
E.
bottle
W.
Ir.
0.
Ir., E.
so
serrach
; founded
the
on
officer
serjant, Lat.
in
serviens,
; Lat.
sta
Skr.
sthd.
seasgan,
seasgann,
W.
Ir. has
sers^nach,
sto
tair(sh)issim,E. Ir.
I stand, *sistamo(n.),
stand
set
;
; Eng.
ccrryixi,
Gr.
Ir.
sefi/ll,
stare. Cor.,
Ir.
dry,
dry
cosy,
shock
sevell,Br. saf,
Br.
hesk,
E.
seasg,
and
truss
or
root
seq,
whence
Ir.
W.
sesc,
wet
seat, satiety of
siccus
hesk, hesp
sit-cus)^
Ir.
comfortable,
seasg.
land
of corn,
skin
Romance
or
food
seiceal, a
heckle
heislan,
from
tear, Lat.
scortum
force
and
to
seasgann
brain
Eng.
seasg,
pellicle;
(Lewis)
Sc.
heck,
cf. for
; cf.
sedge,
I. E.
dry, though
seid.
see
of rushes
; from
reed
land,
(Dial.) :
belly-full,flatulent
corpulent
refers
marsh
sescha,
hide, peritoneum,
or
Br.
hysp,
; from
quiet
warm,
Zimmer
cut.
it denotes
seid,
come
gleaned
:
Ir. seisgeann, E. Ir. sescenn
fenny country, marsh,
;
'*'s"sc,
sedge, Ir. seisg,sedge, W. hesg (pi.),Cor. hescen,
Br.
seco,
soldier.
foot
(Suth.).
sessim, 0.
"^sistami,
Ir.
an
Fr.
serjeant, from
from
seic, a
epa-au,
sergeand,
sergean,
sit-s-qo-,root
*sisqo-s,from
sit, dry ; Lat.
dry, sitis,thirst ; Zend
hisku, dry.
in
comfortable
seasgair, one
circumstances,
seasgair,
serra.
(Stokes).
barren,
seasg,
Lat.
justice,Eng.
citation
sisto, stop,
The
*stam
from
sermo,
"^serso- ; Gr.
Sc.
the
M.
etc.
seasamh
G.
sessom,
of
court
searsaigeadh, charging,
seas, stand, Ir. seasaim, E.
root
Lat.
Eng. jar ?
from
Eng. charge.
seirseanach, auxiliary
overseer,
inf.
; from
serr
Ir.
sears,
inferior
; from
strmon
lambs
searrag^,
Ir. serr,
foal, colt,
young
M.
sermon.
sickle, saw,
searmoin,
Ir.
Sc.
Gr.
sekk,
hack.
and
Eng.
The
Ir.
sack,
SeeTnext.
also
seithe,E.
skin.
N.
seich.
see
heckle.
seche, g.
root
Sepfxa,skin,
is I. E.
from
W.
The
seched
^seket-;
Lat.
se^, cut,
8ei/o(o,
flay,Eng.
from
is
OP
seid, a
of
truss
in the
hay,
latter
seid, blow,
GAELIC
THE
bed
sense) :
307
LANGUAGE.
spread
*seddi-
the
on
(especiallyseideag
floor
Br.
Lat.
sibilus,whistling ( sidhilus),Eng.
seidhir, a chair, from Eng. chair.
=
seilcheag^,a
snail,
Ir.
selige, testudo
snail.
gives
Stokes
sibilant.
slekas, earthworm,
seleti,creep,
the
0.
root
Br.
sel,allied
to
slayx (do.).
Pruss.
seile,placenta (Carm.) :
seileach, willow, Ir. sailedg, E.
Corn.
as
Ir.
Lit.
sail,g. sailech,W.
Br.
Stokes
in ^.C.^
elestr.
Cf.
L.
^saliks
Lit.
now.
helyg, willows.
salix ; Gr.
salix,
helige7i,
(pi.):
eXiKrj(Arcadian) ; Eng. sallow.
s^ileann, sheep-louse, tick :
Seilear, a cellar^ Ir. seileir,M. W. seler ; from Eng. cellar.
seilisdeir,yellow iris or yellow water-flag, ir. soileastar, feleastar
(O'B.),elestrom (O'B.),M. Ir. soilestar,W. elestr,fleur de lys,
iris,0.
halek
saleti, creep,
Stokes
Lat.
; Lat.
(Ernault,
alestrare, humectare
329).
seillean, a bee, teillean (Perth), tilleag (Suth.),W. chwil, beetle;
root
svel,turn, as in seal ? W. telyn, harp "?
s6iin,a squint :
S^imh, mild, placid, Ir. seimh (O'R.,FoL), seimh
(Con.) :
seinn, sing, Ir. seinnim, M. Ir. sendim, 0. Ir. sennim, play an
Stokes) ; root
instrument, psallo, perf. sephainn {"^
sesvanva,
sound, as in Lat. sonare,
Eng. sound, Skr. svdnati,
sven,
sonus,
sound.
seipeal,
chapel,
chapele,
so
Eng,
now
Ir.,
M.
Ir.
sepel ;
M.
from
Eng.
and
0.
Fr
chapel.
seipein, a quart, choppin ; from the Eng. choppin, from Fr. chopine^
Ger.
chope, a beer glass,from
schoppen.
seirbhis, service, Ir. seirbhis ; from the Eng.
seirc, love, Ir. hearc, seirc,0. Ir. sere, W. strch, Br. serc^h,concubine,
M.
Br.
Ger.
"^serkd, "^serko- ; Got. saiirga, care,
surkshati, respect, reverence,
Eng. sorrow
; Skr.
serch
sorrow,
about
thought
it to
something.
The
derivation
favourite
would
seircean,
seirean, a shank, leg, spindle-shanked
give
person
G.
; for
sorge,
take
is to
ally
teirg.
connections
see
speir.
seirm, sound,
labor
'j
musical
Celtic
root
noise, ring
sver,
sing,
as
I.
E.
bell, 0.
sver,
Ir.
sound
svara.
308
DICTIONARt
ETYMOLOGICAL
soiind, music
Eng,
speech, Eng.
sermo,
also
swear,
Got.
answer,
W.
The
sermon.
; Lat.
swear
svaran,
chwyrnu,
snort, is
hum,
allied,
seirsealach, robust
(seirsealach, H.S.D.), Ir. seinean, a strong
for origin.
(O'R.) ; cf. searsanach
person
seis, one's match, a friend, sufficiency,Ir. seas, ship's seat, Lewis
seis, bench,
; cf. Norse
seat
sessi,bench-mate,
from
oar-mate,
sessa,
sitting,session.
seisreach,a plough,
Ir.
seisreach,
; from
team
seist, the
of
root
sven-s-ti-,
helmet
se6c, seocan,
a
feeble
shachlin,
shackle,
se6d, siad,
M.
From
helmet
; from
shackle,
seis,a
; cf.
the
Sc.
shuffle
in
of se, six.
musical
strain
shock.
Eng.
walking,
Eng.
to
jewel,
and
fro,
seod, a jewel
Ir.
dandle
send, jewel,
shog, M. Eng. shoggin,
Sc.
; from
see
Ir.
way,
; E.
steer
method
se6l,a
Ir.
seol,course
doing
of
; W.
thing, sedlaim,
hwyl,
condition.
course,
seol,sail.
sail, Ir. seol, 0.
huil
In
case
gen.
have
been
Br.
*seghlo- (root
to
should
we
neither.
siuil
seol,seol,seol,g. siuil, W.
either
have
Ir.
referred
usually
Teutonic
the
on
Ir.
suggests
*s^l,
that
analogy of cebl,etc.
from
by a borrow
effected
seagh)
borrowed
^seghlo-),
expect
Strachan
of
W.
into
*hail,
or
; while
W.
velum
W.
to
Celtic.
but
is formed
se6l
Lat.
0.
hwyl,
hwyl
we
from
may
(Cor.guil,
goel).
sedmar,
Fr.
Ir.
chamber,
chamhre,
Lat.
M.
Ir.
sort
; from
the
stump,
the
se6mra,
seot,
short
tail
or
worst
seomra
; from
M.
Eng.
and
camera.
seorsa,
a
plume,
plough,
sesrech, plough
shocken.
direct,
Ir.
of
Ir.
E.
derivative
a
ditty, M.
song,
seinn.
sven,
verb
to
sedl, method,
seol,
persons,
six horses
horses,
person
hero,
Du.
six
the
shake.
swing
seog,
of
seiseir,six
melody
plough,
plough
"^
seochlan,
six-horse
Eng.
beast,
sprout
; from
Sc.
of a
slioot),shoot, stern
Cf. Norse
skott, fox's tail,
THE
OP
seotal, shuttle
seth
in
seth,
"by
(M'D.)
severally,
309
LANGUAGE.
of trunk
gu
se-cum
GAELIC
(after negative)
neither
cf.
Lat.
one-self."
of lonmhuin)
seuchd, a tunic or lei7ie (Oss. Ballad
:
Ir.
Ir.
0.
seud, a jewel, treasure, hero,
seud,
set, pi. seuti, pretiosa,
Med.
Ir., Lat. sentis ; from
*sent-, real, "being," I. E. sents,
etc. ;
root
being, participle from
-sens, ipraesens,
es, be ; Lat.
Gr.
et's.
seum,
seun,
entreaty
defend
charm,
see
magic
preservative
S.
Br.
siel ;
sigle.
seam.
Ir. seun,
by charms,
sel,0.
0.
Ir.
; from
sen,
Lat.
E.
good luck,
benedic,
signum,
W.
swyn,
sign,
"
Ir. sen,
charm,
sign
of the
cross."
refuse, shun,
seun,
from
the
seanaim,
M.
Ir. senaim
probably
above.
sianan
seunan,
Ir, seunaim^
in
breac-sheunain,
freckles
acme
for
or
"
Ger.
schade.
Sgadartach,
(M'A.)
set
of
ragamufhns
(H.S.D.), anything
scattered
Eng. scatter.
man
Sgafair, a bold, hearty man
(H.S.D., Arm., O'B.),a handsome
(MA.), Ir. sgafaire, a bold, hearty
(H.S.D.),a scolding man
the Eng. gaffer %
fellow, a gaffer ; from
man,
spruce
Ir.
filter,
sgagaim, filter,purge
Sgag", split,crack, winnow,
; cf.,for
; from
root, gag.
Sialic, a
a
curtain
Br.
esceilenn,
smart
noise
blow,
310
ETYMOLOGICAL
schallen,
So.
Cf.
Sgailc,
resound
M.
and
Eng.
scallach,
bare,
is
sg'all,baldness,
bald
Norse
from
skalti,
Ir.
sgallta, bald,
bald
head,
skallig, bald,
sgailc
; Lit.
pate, baldness,
bald
DICTIONARY
possibly
M.
from
Eng. scale.
scalc^ scalp ; but
Eng.
Swed.
The
G.
Sgall
is
clearly Norse.
skkad, sked, skha,
Sgain, burst, rend, Ir. sgdinim : "^skad-no-, root
Gr.
Skr.
cat
scatter
rend,
a-KeSavvvfit,
skhddate, split,
split,
;
;
the Lat.
Sgainneal, a scandal, Ir. scannail, M. Ir. scandal
; from
scandalum.
sganradh
sgainnir, scatter,
(n),
Ir.
scanruighim, scatter,
scare
to scatter.
Eng. squander,
Sg^innteach, a corroding pain, pain of fatigue ; from sgdin.
Sgaird, flux, diarrhcea, ir. sgdrdaim, I squirt, pour out : *skardo-
allied
cf.
skerdo-
I. E.
=
mus-scerda-
sucerda, swine-dung,
; Skr.
sham.
Eng.
Br.
; Lat.
vomit
chard,
Another
form
is
; Ch.
*skart,
Gr.
muscerda,
SI.
W.
mouse-dung
skar"du, nauseating
ysgarth, excrement,
a-KOjp,
g. cr/caros,
Skr.
gdkrty
dung,
the
root
skar
of sgar.
scart
from
Norse
skdri,
sea-mew.
young
of such
crowd,
tumult,
loud
stones
noise
murmur
of
see
loose
sgairt.
stones
heap
falling (sgairm, M'A.)
See
sgairn.
(Ayr).
on
hill
cf. Sc.
Badenoch
side,
the
scarnoch,
Dial.
sgarmach.
1
root
sgairt, a loud cry, Ir, sgairt : "^s-gar-ti-,
gar
Sgairt, activity, Ir. sgairteamhuil, active : root skar, skip, spring ;
Gr. a-Katpo),
fhar, spring.
a
skip, cTKapos,
leap, run
; Zend
skar
scairt
of
Ir.
intestine
caul,
Sgairt, midriff,
:
separater," from
"
sgar
"?
skata.
the Eng, skate, Norse
Sgait, a skate ; from
Sgaiteach, sharp, edged, cutting, sgait, a prickle, a little chip of
in one's
wood
flesh (Dial.) ; from
sgath, lop.
Ir,
M,
Ir,
seal, root skal, sound, cry ;
Sgal, howl, shriek, yell,
sgal,
Norse
skjalla, clash, clatter, skvala, squall, squeal, Ger.
schallen
(as a dog) ; Gr. o-KvXa^,
skaliu, give tongue
; Lit,
sound, allied to sqel, split,hit 1
a
whelp : I. E, root sqel, make
W.
chwalu,
OF
seneschal.
THE
It could
GAELIC
hardly
311
LANGUAGE.
be
Lat.
from
scholasticus,as
Skene
cover,
Sgald, burn, scald, Ir. sgall,scald, singe ; from the Eng. scald.
Sg'all,baldness, Ir. sgallta, bald, bare ; see under
sgailc.
Sgalla, an old hat (M'A.) :
dish
of a tree
cut
out
Sg^lla, a large wooden
(M'A.) :
from
the
Norse
Sgallais, insult, contempt;
skoll, mockery, loud
laughter, skjal, empty
talk, skjall, flattering (H.S.D. gives
as
a
flattery"
meaning) : allied to sgal, q.v.
Ir. sgamal ; from
Lat. squdmula, squdma.
Sg^amal, a scale, squama,
In G. and
Ir. Bibles, Acts^
Scales
fell from
his
18,
eyes"
"
"
"
sgamail.
above,
Sgamal, effluvia,phlegm, Ir. sgamal : same
as
Sgamh, dross, dust ; see sgabh.
W.
Sgamhan, the lungs, liver, Ir. sgamhdn, lungs, M. Ir. seaman,
Ir. seaman,
ysgyfaint, lights.Cor. skefans, Br. skevent ; from
levis, W.
ysgafn, light. Cor.
scaff,Br, skanv, light (cf. for
force
Eng. lights, Buss,
legkoe, lungs, from
legkii,light)
^skamnosgann,
; cf. Norse
skammr,
drove
multitude,
Sg^aog",
G.
H,
scam,
short.
Ir, sgann
membrane,
Sgann,
film, skaeni, film, membrane
a
Sganradh,
short,
0,
; cf, Norse
;
skdn,
"^skad-no
thin
membrane,
sgainmr.
Sc,
Sgaoil, spread, scatter, let go, Ir. sgaoilim, M, Ir., E. Ir. scdilim ;
cf, W.
chwaht, disperse,strew, root
sqval, sqvol, allied to root
sqel, split(as in sgoilt,q.v.). Bhys says W. is borrowed,
%
If
for sgeum
Sgaoim, a fright, a start from
:
fear, skittishness
I
E, Ir, scingim, I start
o-Ka^d), limp,
so, for
; Gr.
sceng-men,
Ger,
hinken
S
kr,
cTKLfifSd^d),
khanj (do.).See sgeun.
limp;
(do.)';
Sgaoth, a swarm
(as of bees), Ir, scaoth, scaoith : ^skoiti-, from
Lat. scindo
skhfdt,separate ; Ger. scheiden, Eng. shed ; further
(from root skheid, split),split.
Sgap,
scatter,
Ir.
scapaim
^skad-ho-
rtLK^ o-KeSdvwixL,
scatter),developing into
becomes
^^i^^^il;-
sgapl
But
consider
Eng.
Sgar,
sever,
ate, 0,
separate,
Br,
Ir.
scarat,
sgaraim,
di udicari
0.
:
Ir,
(from
scape,
escape.
scaraim,
"^skarao,
root
W,
ysgar,
sker,
separ_
eparat
312
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
skiriu, separate
shear, cut, Eng. shear ; further
sunder
Lit.
the
from
Sg^arbh^ cormorant;
Sgarlaid, scarlet,
Ir.
take
Sgat,
it direct
from
H.
G.
M.
Ir.
N.
scar/(Shet., etc.).
Sc.
scarloit
M.
from
Stokes
scarlatum.
scheren,
etc.
cut,
Ketpd),
skarfr,
Ger.
sceran,
and
K.
Eng.
Meyer
Lat.
(Dial.);
skate
Lat.
0.
Gr.
Norse
sgdrloid,
sgait.
see
off, Ir.
Br.
scod, umbra,
Eng.
shade.
skeud
shade,
skadus,
Got.
*skdto-s
Cor.
shadow,
darkness
a-Koros,
Ger.
; Skr.
schatten
shadow.
chdya,
E.
Gr.
g.
spedhes,
sciach,
Br.
also
g.
Ir.
Ir.
pi, sciad,
spezad, fruit,
wattled
sgeach, sweet-briar,
W.
currant
sgeaduighim,
door
hawthorn,
yshyddad,
:
^skvijat-
adorn,
mark
haw,
with
white
speck, white
sgeadach, speckled, skyspot,
gead, spot :
Sgealb, a splinter, Ir. sgealpog, splinter, fragment,
sgealpaim,
Cf.
Sc.
make
skelb,
smash,
split,
splinters of; see
^olb.
skelf, a splinter,skelve (vb.).
Ir.
Ir. scell, a
mustard,
Sgeallag, wild
sgeallagach, M.
grain,
kernel
Stokes
sqel, separate, Eng. shell, etc.
equates
; root
Lat.
Ir.
with
scilla, squill, sea-onion, Gr.
scelldn, kernel,
sgead,
spot,
coloured
0"K
Sgealp,
Sgeamh,
A Aa.
a
Also
M.
; also
Sc. skelp, M.
slap ; from
Eng. skelp.
scemdacht
yelp, Ir. sceamh, E. Ir. seem,
G.
which
to
sgiamh,
sgiamhail,
Br.
sgeamh,
hueual,
severe
reproach
cry
shame,
sham
Gaelic
*skemo%
cutting
or
:
like
The
; Norse
word
; cf.
word.
next
Ernault
compares
fox.
Ir.
language,
skamma,
Sgeamh
to
also
sgeamhaim,
shame,
scold,
scold, Eng.
to
"
means
disgust
"
in
the
eye,"
speck on
membrane."
Also
Ir. (and G. ?) sgeamh,
polypody.
Norse
cleanliness, polish ; cf. for origin
skina, Eng. shine.
Sgean,
S^6an, sudden
fright or start, a wild look of the face ; see sgtun.
kind
of sea
from
a
weed, so called
resembling a knife
Sgeanag,
blade
(Arg.).
a
a
stare, gazing upon
thing :
Sgeann,
"
also, according
to
M'A.,
"a
OF
Sgeap,
beehive
GAELIC
THE
; from
the
Norse
carrying basket,
313
LANGUAGE.
Sc.
skep,
skeppa^
M.
skeppe,
Eng.
skep,
measure.
in
as
sgaL
Sg^innidh, twine,
shelf.
sgainne, a skein or
clue
thread.
of
The
Sc.
(pronounced
skiny, pack thread
M. Eng.
is from
G. ; Eng. skein
skeenyie) is apparently from
Gaelic.
derives
the
skeirie,0. Fr. escaigne. Skeat
Eng. from
The
G. alone
to *skein, from
sghein, sghoin^
might be referred
Gr.
Lit.
Lat.
funis,
geinis,string,
string,
rope,
crxoivos.
in the
Norse
Sgeir, a rock in the sea, skerry ; from
sker, a rock
of Eng.
root
cut
off," from
:
Eng. skerry, scaur
sea, whence
flax
; cf, Ir.
thread
hemp
or
"
shear,
G.
sgar.
Sgeith, vomit,
clioueda
g.
Sgeoc,
Sgeop,
of foolish
torrent
a
tale,
Ir.
seq,
say
"vv"7roj,
Lat.
E.
Ir.
Ir.
refers
SI.
sceim, sceithim,
cnrariyr],
(Heb.)
also
words,
sgeul,
"
0.
Ir.
ko-) :
see
Sgeog
thin
W.
chivydu, Br.
excrement
as
in
vein.
ceo.
chwedl.
seel,W.
Cor.
ivhethl,
dixit
tell, eVt-cTTre,
; Ger.
in-squam
sagen,
Eng,
V),say
say
I ;
Lit.
say.
dread, disgust,
M.
Gr.
cf.
quehezl {([ue-hezl,que
sakyti,
Sgeun,
Ir.
root
Gr.
E.
(Bez.). sgeith-feith,varicose
Sgeul, Sgial,
Br.
sceithim,
"^sqveti;
diarrhoea
Sgeo,
Ir.
seen,
look
affright:
fear,
Ir.
skakati,
Norse
skaga^ jut
out.
38
314
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
movement,
Sgiab, a snatch, sudden
0.
Ir.
sgiamh,
Sgiamh,
beauty,
skeima, a light, Ag. S. scima,
further
Sgiamh,
Sgian, a
knife,
chd,
off,
cut
split,cut.
a
scena,
Gr.
Br,
0.
Pruss.
Norse
sgiohag.
*skeimd
skimi,
sgeamh.
Ir,
sciaii, W.
skeja, cut
(T\d^(ii,
cut,
Gr.
sciam
see
Lindsay
priest's knife,
Got.
cf.
of
gleam
light,
o-xaw
slicer,scimitar,
ysgien,
"^skeend,
Gadelic
refers
shield,
0.
Ir.
see
E.
I.
side-form
Others
have
skeo,
is
skhe, skha^
root
Lat.
to
from
sacena,
compared
; Skr.
cut
'^scend, allied
to
whose
vb.
Lat.
seco,
scio,know,
cut.
Keioi,
a
Ir.
0.
sgiath,
Br.
scoit,
skoued
Norse
scaytan,
(Schrader)
be
E.
sgian,
cut,
Sgiath,
off, Br.
ysgi, cutting
sgioh
shimmer.
shine,
Eng.
Ir.
sciath,
*skeito-
W.
Ch.
queries
0.
ysgwyd,
ski^, firewood,
Bez.
which
; to
Ir.
SI.
billet
if Lat.
W.
stitu,
of
wood,
scuit^
shield
{^skoito-
scutum
tablet
T)
allied.
Sgiath,
of
the
Cor.
shoulder,
shoulder-blade
Skr.
chid,
which
Ir.
wing,
shoulder
cut
with
agrees
the
Gadelic
form,
scoilt.
Sgilbheag,
Eng.
Sc.
chip
shillin, shelled
slate
of
or
(Arg.)
unhusked
; from
grain.
Sc.
skelve, a
thin
slice,
shelf.
Sgilig",shelled
grain (Dial.),from
Norse,
whence
Sc.
shillin,which
Ir.
under
sgil.
sgiolam.
Cf.
Sc. skemmel.
Sgimilear, a vagrant parasite, intruder
; from
sgiomalair.
Sginn, squeeze
out, gush out, Ir. scinn, gush, start, E. Ir. scendim,
spring ; Skr. skand, leap ; Lat. scando
; Gr. crKavSaAov, Eng.
scandal.
Arm.
has
sginichd, squeezing
Badenoch
Dial,
has
OF
Sging,
squeeze,
THE
GAELIC
hardship.
SI 5
LANGUAGE.
There
is
E.
an
Ir.
scingim,
under
sgaoim.
spring, from skeng, discussed
Norse
from
the
skip, a ship.
Sgioba, ship's crew
;
in
snatch, sgiob,
or
Sgiobag, a slap given
play, a hasty touch
Sgiab, snatch, Ir. sgiobaim, I snatch, W. ysgip, ysgipiol ; cf.
Manx
skibbag, skip, hop, from
Eng. skip.
the
Sc. skippare, Eng. skipper, Norse
Sgiohair, a skipper ; from
skipari,
mariner.
see
See
pot
sgeig.
sgeilm.
(M'A.)
Eng. skim ?
smithereens"
Sgionabhagan,
(Arg.) ; from sgian ?
Sg^ionnadh, starting, eyes starting with fear ; see sginn.
a
Sgionn-shuil, a squint eye ; from Eng. squint, with
leaning on
G. sgionn, sginn, start, protrude.
Ir. sgiordadh
Sgiord, squirt, purge,
(n.),sgiurdaim (O'R.) ; either
from
Eng. squirt (Stokes' Lis.).
cognate with or borrowed
Ir.
sciorrairn
Sgiorr, slip,stumble,
:
of
Sgiort, a skirt, edge
a
Eng. skirt.
garment, Ir. sgiorta ; from
O'Cl. has
shirt.
Ir. sguird for tunic
or
Norse
M'A.
Sgiot, scatter
skjota, shoot, skyti, shooter.
; from
the
word
does
Highlands ; Arm.
belongs to the North
says
have
Ir. has
it.
not
:
sgiot,a dart, arrow
something shot."
from
S,
shire, O.H.G.
scir, county, now
Sgire, a parish ;
Ag.
scira,
charge.
black
Sgirtean, a disease in cattle
spauld or quarter-ill(H.S.D.) :
stumbling disease," from sgiorradh 1
Sg'ith,tired, Ir. sgith, weariness, 0. Ir. scith. Corn,
sqwyth, skith,
Br. skouiz, skuiz : *skUo-, *skUtoing
(Brittonic *skvitto-, accordbeside
skhei
to
root
khsei, decay, destroy, Gr.
Stokes) ;
(f"OLw,decay, ":f)dLa-L"i,
kshi, destroy, kshiids,
phthisis, Skr.
exhausted
(Strachan, Bez. Beit.^'^ 300).
"
"
"
"
316
ETYMOLOGICAL
hut
Sgithiol, a shealing
sltjbl, shelter,
a
Sgiiican, sgiuchan,
sgiugan, a whimper
Sgiunach, a charm
(Carmichael) ;
Dan.
and
the
Swed.
cackUng
; cf. the
for
one's
into
DICTIONARY
of
sheal.
moorhen
word.
all
fish
the
amidst
neighbours (M'A.) :
woman
Sgiunach, a bold, shameless
from
the
a
Sgiurdan,
squirt ;
Eng.
Ir. sgiur.-^aim^W.
Sgiurs, scourge,
Lat.
plaint
or
boat
own
skyli, a shed,
above
getting
Norse
from
about
the
(H.S.D.)
land
head-
or
of
amazement
the
M.
; from
ysgors
boat
Eng.
scourge,
excoriare.
sclaff, a blow,
v.
with
side
Fr.
whip (H.S.D.
of the
head
; from
beat
to
esclaff'a,
says
Sc.
Dial.
M'A.
sclafert (do.),
Med.
(Ducange),
Lat.
eclafa.
Sglaib, ostentation
(Hend.) :
Sglaim, questionably acquired wealth, sg'laimire, usurper
see
(M'A.)
glam.
Sg'lamhadh,
seizing greedily
abuse,
Ir.
bedaub.
sglamhadh,
scold
of
upon
sglamhadh
a
sudden
words
means
; cf.
Sc.
also
(M'A.).
sclourie, vilify,
"scold,"
Sc.
has
and
G.
sklave,
to
calumniate.
Sglamhradh,
sgleamhas,
clawing
meanness,
one's
skin
for
itch
(M'A.) ;
sordidness, sgleamhraidh,
see
a
damhradh.
stupid
or
mean
fellow.
THE
OP
also
young
sea-gull till
sgaireag^.
they become
Sglongaid, a snot, spit ; see glong.
Sgob, snatch, bite, sting, Ir. sgohallach,
Sgobag,
small
gob,
from
SgOg",
the
incision
an
of
scoti, sheets
sheet,
; from
sheet
Norse
when
G.
; also
formed
gobet, morsel,
Fr.
0.
fop, flatterer :
Sgoid, pride, conceit,
Ir.
scoth
gober,
of
"kaut,
the
Got.
foolish,
sgoid
G.
sgath.
see
sheet
hood,
rope,
for
the
piece
Seemingly
dram.
(cf.
mouth
bill,
small
old,"
year
Eng. gobble).
devour,
cloth,
wound,
one
morsel,
The
syliurach.
Ir.
slut, gossip,
the
of
"
means
317
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
sheet
of
corner
or
Eng.
skauts, hem,
sgogaire (O'R.), W.
Ir.
Sgoideas,
Ir.
M.
sail, a sheet-rope,
square
sheet.
ysgogyn,
tion
ostenta-
pageantry,
Sgoid, drift-wood
Sgoil, school,
(Lewis)
Ir.
schola,
ski"a.
N.
E.
sgoil,
whence
scol, W.
Ir.
Br.
ysgol,
skol', from
Eng.
sqvel ;
split : "^sqolto, split, root
Norse
skillu, split;
skiljan, separate, Ger.
faouto,
shale,
skill
Gr.
under
see
Sgoitich, a quack,
Sgol, rinse, wash
Dan.
wash,
Sgolb,
Lat.
school.
scoltad,
felja, Br.
skelto, split,
tear.
(Hend.)
hill
inf.
cf.
sgaoim.
Ossian) ;
(MT.
for
latter
sgairneach.
mountebank
from
Norse
Swed.
skola, wash,
skolja, rinse,
skylle.
ysgolp,
splinter, Ir. sgolb, M. Ir. scolb, a wattle, W.
Br.
skolp : "^skolb-,root
skel, skol, split (see sgoilt),
splinter,
fuller
Gr.
root
Kokof36"^,stunted, o-KoXoxp (o-koAottos),
skel-g ;
stake
Swed.
also Got.
skalks,
halks, halt, Eng. shelf,
a
piece,
;
spelk (Perrson Zeit.'^^ 290 for Gr. and Teut.).
a
Sgonn,
block
of
"
boy
sgonsair,
"^skotsno-,
Sgop,
Sgor,
section
avaricious
an
foam,
froth
mark,
rascal
(M'D.)
notch,
blockhead
wood,
Ir.
is
"
sgonn-balaich,
the
; from
(M'D.)
root
of
lump
of
sgath.
sgor
; from
possibly
Eng.
direct
from
score,
Norse
Norse).
skor, mark,
318
ETYMOLOGICAL
Sgorr,
Sgor,
Scandinavian
Sg6rnan,
Sc.
from
Norse
Ir. scorndn
small
S.
0.
See
score.
cliff,of
scar,
H.
G.
scorra,
further.
sgeir
farm
; cf. Sc.
skiff;
Norway
skude, Norse
Eng.
scaur,
sker, skerry
throat,
origin,
; further
rock
rock
sharp
DICTIONARY
shot, a
spot
Scandinavian
from
of
plot
or
"
Dan.
craft.
Norse
scrappy,
skrap,
scraps.
hence
Sc.
;
dove
scraher.
sgrabaire,
Sgragall, gold-foil,spangle (Sh., Lh., etc.; not M'A. or M'E.), Ir.
sgragall :
M'A.
Ir. sgraideog.
morsel, diminutive
Sgraideag, small
woman,
and
H.S.D.
or
sgraidht
gives sgraid, a hag, old cow
mare,
(do.). Cf. Sc. scradyn, a puny,
sickly child, scrat, a puny
Norse
skratti,wizard, goblin,
person,
the
hit
sgraig,
one
Greenland
blow
(sgraill,H.S.D.
E.
shrink
sqrengo-,
(Heb.) ;
things
cf.
sgriothaiL
Sgrath,
skin
outer
rind,
or
what
pares
scroll
skin,
off, ysgrawen,
(^skrava), Sc.
Ir.
Sgrathail, destructive,
Sgreab, a scab, blotch,
root
(Dumfries).
sgraiteayiihull(O'R.):
Ir.
crust,
cry, Ir.
skri, skrei ; 0. H.
screech,
; Lat.
screech
sc7rd
dry, parch
shrink, parch,
Sgreag,
sgreabdg,
crust
from
Eng.
; from
Swed.
sgread,
G.
M.
scrlan,
screjo),a
the
Ir. scret
cry,
hawk.
Ger.
Scandinavian
skraka,
great
"
*skriddo-,
W.
schrei, Eng.
ysgri,
scream,
skrekka,
Norwegian
shrink^
(from Scandinavian).
scraggy
disgust,
abhorence,
Sgreamh,
skrei
divot
sera,
scrape
a
I pare
off the surface, W.
ysgraf,
hard
crust
skrd, dry
; cf. Norse
green
Sgread,
turf
Norse
skrcema,
Ir.
scare
screamh
awaj^,
"^skrimo-,
Swed.
root
skrdma,
skri,
Dan.
skrcemme.
Sgreamh,
thin
Sgreang",
scum
wrinkle
(Dr Cameron).
or
:
rind, ugly
^skrengo-,I.
See sgraing.
skin
(M'A.) ;
E. sqreng^
root
shrink
skr
;
of sgar.
Eng. shrink
OF
Sgreataidh,
q.v.
N.
skrati,
Sgreubh,
dry up,
Sgreoth, parch
source
skriv-, 0.
base
"
skrypa,
waste
Sc.
or
sgriach,
*skreikd,
root
from
the
same
from
the
S^reunach,
who
has
Scandinavian
pine, Norwegian
screpa,
withered
person,
Ir.
sgreach,
old
withered
screech,
scream,
in
skrei, as
sgread,
Ir.
screch
screech, shriek
Eng.
ysqrech
q.v.
(not stem).
E.
W.
are
borrowed
seems
Eng.
*sqreng-no-
the
boisterous
(Arran),
(of weather,
Arg.)
sgraing,
see
side
cf. strioch.
(Dial.) ;
scratch
of
hill
(Arm., M'A.);
shore
or
Norse
for
landslip
sgridhinn,
on
hill-side.
sgrlodan.
Sgrid, breath,
Sgriob,
dry,
(M'A.,
shrivel, from
Eng.
Northumbrian
scrae,
root
Sgriach, a score,
Sgribhinn, rocky
See
shivering
from
S^reath
skrae.
shoe, Norwegian
Sgreuch,
cf.
cloth);
as
sgreamh,
of
Scratch."
Old
"
drought,
by
skri
^skritto-, root
monster,
crack
319
LANGUAGE.
horrible
disgusting,
Cf.
GAELIC
THE
last
breath
scratch,
Norse
Ir.
write,
skriva, skrifa
Sgriodan,
torrent,
scriob, E.
; from
0.
of
run
mountain
Ger.
stones,
Sc.
Sgrios,
(from
destroy,
root
"^skr-sti-,
the
skar
of
sgar,
a
on
Prov.
also
ysgrifo, Br.
of
mountain
side
from
hill-side,skrid'a, to
English
screes,
sliding
Gaelic).
Ir.
M.
scriosaim,
W.
on
glide,
Ir.
scripad,
whence
notch.
track
lines,
side,
Norse
sgread.
scrih,mark,
draw
scribaim,
stones
schreite?i, stride
Ir.
of
w^ite.
mountain
on
Ir.
skri
root
ysgrif, a
scribo,
Lat.
continuous
W.
write,
sgriobhaim,
ravine
stony
*skriddi-,
scribo, write,
Lat.
skrifa, scratch,
Sgriobh,
life
line, Ir.
furrow,
; from
scratching
of
scrisaim
"^skrissi-
for
q.v.
scread.
Sgriotachan, a squalling infant ; from
items
sgrioth, gravel (Islay),sgriothail, a lot of small
(Badenoch)
(do.) as of children
(Wh.) : "^skritu-,root sker ; cf. Eng. short,
I. E.
skrdh, little,short.
Sgrob, scratch,
Ir.
scrobaim
skrabt,
Sgroban,
Sgrobha,
a
a
the
sgrog,
vb.
bird's
Sgrog,
scrog,
so
scrug,
sgruigean.
or
SI.
Ir. ; from
on
Eng.
of
skreb,
; cf.
the
head
the
the
from
skrob,
scratch
Ir. scrobdn
side
put
Ch.
scrape,
crop,
screw,
head
*skrobbo-,
bonnet
shrug.
In
Eng.
; Lat.
scrape;
scrape.
Eng.
Ger.
crop,
kropf.
Eng.
a
(in ridicule),
firmly,
the
sense
bonnet
or
; from
scrog
of
hat
"
head
the
Sc.
"
compare
320
ETYMOLOGICAL
or
cow
shrivel
Sgrog,
ewe,
bush,
shrivelled,
anything
sgvoga,g,
Sj^rog,
DICTIONARY
; from
stunted, Eng.
scroggi/,
shrivelled
scraggy,
old
the
Sc.
Dan.
skrog,
old
woman,
stunted
scrog,
Swed.
skrokk,
Norse
skrokkr.
anything shrunken,
Scandinavian
Sgroill, a peeling or paring, anythin^^ torn
off; from
Dan.
of
skrael, peelings or parings
apples, potatoes, Norse
"
mob.
shrill, a
sgrubail,
hesitate,
Sgrub,
alach, scrupulous
Sgrud, examine,
neck
Sgruit,
scriidaim,
bottle,
the
Sgriithan (sgrii'an),a
hay-cock.
Sguab, a broom
scopata,
shock
of
ysgub,
scandal
Sguch,
sprain,
depart, root
Sgud, lop, snatch
squirt,
(Carm.)
G.
etc.
Sguidilear,
Sguir,
"
"
cf. cut.
sgugach,
the
from
flax,
Ir.
sguitsim
footboard
in
wanderer
0.
shirt.
boat
"
an
invention
Eng.
see
cleanse.
scutch.
Ir.
scorim,
see
sgar.
apron,
Ir.
desist, unyoke
sguird
from
Eng.
(scuite, Shaw)
Scotti
from
(Glenmoriston)
person
skirta,
fellow
boorish
soft
scudler, scudle,
Sc.
Ir.
skirt, Norse
derives
quean:
sguirim^
stop,
sker, skor, separate
Sgiiird, sguirt, the lap, a smock,
Sc.
Eng.
person,
dress
cease,
the
from
"^skorio, root
Sguit,
Sguit,
scoptha,
scopa.
possibly
Ir.
is borrowed.
scullion
Sguids, thrash,
Sguillear, rakish
(Arg.)
joint
clumsy
coarse
Lat.
skruf,
0.
I. scuap,
; from
Norse
Ir. scuckim,
I
cf. E.
spring
;
skak, Lit. szdkti, jump, spring (see sgeun).
ysgutlt, scud, whisk, Eng. scud, Sc. scoot,
; cf. W.
strain
:
Sgud, a cluster
from
the
Sgud, a scout
;
Sgudal, fish-guts, offal ;
Sguga,
E.
from
; cf. siitrsach.
*s-quean-seach
slur,
old
an
; cf. Norse
person
(Assynt)
sguah,
Bi*. skuba
sgruta,
scroll.
corn
Ir.
besom,
or
Ir.
person,
contemptible
old
Lat.
cf. sgrog.
thin
person,
skrudda,
W.
; from
person
man,
scrutaim
Ir.
C).
neck
short-necked
shrivelled
old
an
of
bottle,
Ir.
sgrub-
scruti7iy.
neck
of
from
search,
Eng.
scrutor,
Sgruigean,
of
Macpherson's
his
own
scuta,
whence
he
OF
Sgillan, a large
In
basket
means
for
shjola,
oval
of
basket
Norse
"
basket
shallow
"
sgulag
Sutherland,
Scandinavian
; from
sheil,tub, skull,
Sc.
bucket,
wicker
321
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
form.
holding
the
linen."
foam
scum,
; from
Ger.
scum,
Sguman,
"skimmer'"?
Sgur,
Ir.
scour,
Sgtirr, sharp
si, she, Ir., 0.
Eng.
; from
sguraim
Ir. si ;
head-dress,
Cinderella
hill ; Heb.
foam,
M.
Eng.
now
scum,
rick
corn
sgiim,
from
(Arran).
sguman
fire-shovel,a
skum,
foam.
schauTn,
skirt, tawdry
Sgumrag,
Norse
for
see
the
English.
sgorr.
^.
se.
along, puif
*sveibbo-,root
sweep.
sveib, Eng.
siabh.
Also
Ir.
away,
sweep
siaban,
Hence
sand
drift,
sea-
spray,
sian, a charm
sian, storm,
M.
H.
sianan,
see
W.
root
G.
allied
to
Lat.
thorn.
spina,
seun.
rain,
tempestas,
*se?i^
be
might
se
Ir.
sion, weather,
hin,
weather,
(sei)as
in
sm,
storm,
season,
M.
sior
Br.
hynon,
; Norse
0.
fair
Ir.
sin,
weather
breac-shianain,
freckles;
from
sian,
foxglove^
seunan,
39
See
322
ETYMOLOGICAL
siar, westward,
west, and
siar,
under
sibh,
going
rheumatism
you,
Br.
ye,
choui
(T(f"(OL,
you
The
form
0.
Ir.
siar
"
s-iar, see
melancholy
(Dial.);
two.
Got.
Lat.
izvis
is for
from
sciatica.
sibh
iar^
(Suth.) :
wining
; from
Ir.
from
suas.
backwards
siasnadh, wasting,
siatag",
siar,
languishing, siarachd,
siaranachadh,
"
Ir.
aside,
s-
DICTIONARY
{iz-vis)
; the
W.
hui.
has
why,
Gr.
"^sves);
is allied
ves
Cor.
Lat.
to
vos.
"^svi-svi.
borrowed
be
to
borrowed
Lat.,
from
while
thinks
Wharton
the
Lat.
is
Gaulish.
from
in -sa,
as
so,
q.v,
Ir. sinim
sine,
situs ;
Gr.
is root
"^seno-,root
Cf.
send.
It^jxl,
sei,sei,si,mittere,
se,
sir
Norse
let go
mittere,
; Lat.
seinyti,reach,
teat,
Ir.,
E.
"^spenio-, root
Ir.
spen
sine, triphne,
of
speni,
sineubhar,{gin,juniper
tree
Lit.
three-teated
udder
spenys,
teat, Du.
speen,
(Suth.);
Fr.
udder,
'^svenio- for
teat,
Sc
genievre.
0.
Pruss.
spain, wean
OF
sinn, we,
W.
Ir.
us,
sinn^
nes), accusative
s
nyni,
Br.
allied
to
ni
0.
nos,
the
Ir.
"^nes
Lat.
with
analogy
323
LANGUAGE.
sinn, sinne,
Ir.
ny,
to
Stokes
Skr.
Gr.
sinser, elder,
Ir.
ancestor
sinnsear, ancestors, an
*senistero-,a double
:
minister, magister)
from
Ir.
sibhealta, from
siochdin,
Ir.
peace,
(dat.pi.),E.
M.
seta,
civil
swthchdnt
been
peaceful,
sith.
; from
sithcuiraibh
and
sith, fairy,
; from
able,
peace-
has
i,
sidchauta, peaceful
sidhcaire, fairy host,
Ir.
form
siabi
siothamhuil,
Eng.
peace,
Ir.
q.v.
; from
Ir.
from
E.
person,
Ir.
Ir. sithchaire
prothetic
cf. siab.
(M'A.)
person
Ir. sidainail.
siodhchan, atonement,
Siochair, a dwarf, fairy,M.
from
The
comparative
old,
sean,
Borrowing
suggested {Celt.Mag.^^ 169).
siochaint,
gives
vw.
else
elder
E.
nas,
sihh, or
of
(Brug. ;
is).
sinnsear, ancestors,
(likeLat.
GAELIC
form,
is due
(cf.is-se,he
E.
Cor.
ni, nyni,
of sni
THE
cuire, host
Eng. herald).
E.
Ir. sita, W.
bristle, hair
sidan
L.
from
; whence
Ag.
S.
Lat.
seta, silk,
satin.
shock
of
corn
siog^ach,greasy
(M'A.), lazy (M'F.)
siogaid, a starveling, lean person
;
Siol,seed, Ir. siol,0. Ir. sil,semen,
Lat.
siola,a
siola, a
Swed.
Sc.
sela,
sele,a
wooden
wooden
W.
hil
to
*selo-n,
root
sow
se,
; Lit.
pa-s'elys,a sowing.
horse
collar, Norse
collar
siccus
Lat.
from
Scandinavian
from
seli,harness, sili,a
tie cattle
to
the
"
strap,
stalls.
Lat.
situla
subsiding,"
sith, peace.
filter ; also
and
0.
Ir. sithal
(Stokes Lismore).
leans
for
its
meaning,
Lat.
G.
situla, a
sioladh,
if not
its
also
bucket
means
origin,upon
324
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
Siolag, a sand-eel
:
siolc, snatch, pilfer :
siolgach, lazy, dwarfish
:
chwyl ;
sioll,a turn, rotation
(M'A.), W.
whifF, glint,syllable ; root of seal.
sknlk
siolp, slip away,
(Skye) :
small
wild
duck
Siolta, a teal,
Eng.
; from
sioman,
a
of straw
rope
cord,
rope,
S.
"^stmon-, Ag.
well
ropes
simmen
seio-,bind,
bond, band,
(Orkney), Teut.
Gr. tjuovta
(ilong),
seamlach.
see
simon-,
siolla,
Norse
heather
simmonds,
Ir.
teal 1
the
; I. E.
rope
siomlach
Sc.
; from
hay
or
Cf.
seal.
see
Sion, something,
also
anything;
"weather,"
whence
sian,
for
of
possibly this meaning
anything" comes.
sionadh, lord
(M'Pherson's FingaV-., 341) : if genuine,
"
sen., old
be
may
; cf.
sionn, phosphorescent,
achain.
sionnach,
For
valve
root
of
From
sir.
Eng.
senior., now
root
teine-sionn-
also
sionn, phosphorus,
next.
see
Irish
bellows, pipe-reed, piob-shionnaich,
root
spand,
spend, swing, play, Skr.
Gr.
quickly.
Lat,
solus
the
o-cfieSovr],
sling,
Lat.
pipe.
bagmove
Eng.
hang,
pendeo,
pendulum.
sionnach,
fox,
Ir., E.
so
Ir. sinnach,
vulpecula :
sionnsar, bagpipe chanter, Ir.
siop, despise ; cuir an siop, turn
siopunn,
soap
see
tail
(Hend.)
on
chanter.
Eng.
the
from
see
seap.
siahunn.
Ir.
hwy, Cor.,
compar.
siunsoir
sinnchenae,
Ir.
0.
sindach,
sior, 0.
Br.
hir
Skr.
Ir.
"^sero-s ; Lat.
sei^us,
See
sciyd,evening.
siorra
sia, W.
sir, comparative
late, Fr.
sian,
hir,
soii^,
sin.
sheriff,
(H.S.D.), a
(M'A., M'E.), siorraimh,
siorrachd, siorramachd, county, Ir. sirriamh, M. Ir. sirriam
;
Sc. is
M.
The
from
Eng. shirr eve, now
sheriff,"shire-reeve."
shirra
usually.
siorradh, a deviation, onset : *sith-rad, from sith 1
*sir-rad, eternity, sior.
siorruidh, eternal, Ir. siorruidhe
; from
siorram
sios, down,
los,
Ir.
sios, 0.
Ir.
sis
*s4s,
from
.s-
and
(see suas)
is, or
q.v.
Ir. sirim
it ; Norse
spilren,
(Eng.
trace,
spurn
;
;
the
from
from
Sc.
(sirim. Con.),
E.
Eng.
shit.
Ir. sirim
etc.
allied),
'I he
vowel
Sc.
root
'^s{p)eri-,
spere,
Eng.
spur
ask
; Lat.
of sir is short
sper,
after,
Ger.
sperno
(otherwise
OF
chwilio).
siris,sirist,a cherry,
0.
Fr.
siris,W.
cerise,Lat.
71,
Pray.^
Manx
Ir.
325
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
Diet., Rhys
Stokes'
from
THE
ceirios
cerasus,
W.
compares
Eng. "^cheris,
M.
from
Gr.
who
Kepaa-o"s.
Cf. N. saeti.
siteag",a dunghill ; from the Eng.
sith, a stride, onset, a dart to, Ir. sidhe, gust, M. Ir. sith, onset
;
cf. Ir. sith-, intensive
prefix (O'Don. Gr. 277), ^setu-, seti-,
root
(Bez.^^ 123), E. Ir. sith, long, W. hyd,
maybe
es, ervixos
ad, Br. hed, length,
hit, longitudo, usque
to, as far as, 0. W.
N.
si"r,
during
"^seti,root se, as in sior, long (Stokes). Cf
long, Eng. sith ; root sit.
sith, peace, Ir. sith, sioth, E. Ir. sith, 0. Ir. sid : *sedos
(neut. s
settle
sed
Lat.
(sed) of suidhe, q.v. ;
sedo,
stem), root
; Lit.
:
seddti, sit.
sith,
W.
hedd,
fairy, sithich
sigheog (do.),0.
sid ; in
(do.),
Ir.
side
sid'',fir
sidh,
Ir.
side, dei
fairy dwelling
is from
peace,
whild
its
mound,
"^sedos,g. sedesos, as
its
temple
or
statue, literally an
(Stokes)
homonym
sides, noven-siles,the
"
whose
is the
or
is
terreni,
fairy powers,
which
sed.
sing,
gen.
in
;
fairy,
dwelling is called
pi. (gen. s. 1) of sid,
the
abode"
of
case
"
or
gods imported
in
appears
peace,
Gr.
eSo?,
;" Lat.
seat
mnd
sUh,
sed, sed,
root
noven-
Rome.
Thurneyhas
Lat.
sen
sidus, a constellation, "dwelling of
compared
the gods."
Hence
knoll, fairy knoll.
sithean, a green
sithionn, venison, Ir. ndh and sidheann
(O^R.), M. Ir. sieng, sideng,
deer, W.
hyddgig (
hydd, stag, red
stag's,flesh"), from
deer
referred
M.
Ir. segh
is to
be
"^sedi-,deer ; to which
:
( agh allaidh, O'Cl.),E. Ir. seg ( oss allaidh, Corm.).
which
the corn
is dried
sitig, the rafter of a kiln laid across,
on
:
roller
for
boat
a
sitinn,
:
sitir,sitrich, neighing, Ir. sitreach : cf. seid, blow
{^svid-tri-).
siubhal, walking, so Ir., M. Ir. siubal, for '^siumcd, W.
chwyf,
new
to
'^
chivyfu,
motus,
move
svem,
syfiyd,
siubhla
siuc,
siucar
;
a
move,
see
stir,M.
move,
O.H.G.
Eng.
sivimman,
stir ; root
swirn.
Cf.
W.
called
are
Ir. siucra, W.
sif.gr; from
M.
Eng.
waddle,
0.
Sax.
sucre.
swinging
skuddian,
Jinval,
Inighe-siuhhla.
horses
by which
(siucar, H.S.D.), sugar,
siudadh,
Jifual, now
stir.
word
s\igre, Fr.
S.
Ag.
Br.
shake,
from
0.
Sc.
Du.
hens
see
; cf.
siotais.
cf.
showd,
schudden
seap.
Eng.
swing,
(do.),Eng.
shoo
shudder.
326
ETYMOLOGICAL
siursach,
-seach
whore;
DICTIONARY
the
from
Eng.,
with
the
G.
fern,
termination
(see binnseach).
siuthad,
begin, go on
say away,
Cf. trobhad, thugad.
tu'l
*seo-tu,
"
here
you,"
from
so
and
slaim, great booty, a heap : from the Sc. slam, a share or possession
seize
not
to
acquired
rightly, slam7iiach,
anything not
Swed.
slama, heap together.
entirely by fair means,
slais,lash ; from the Eng.
slam, a lock of hair or wool, Ir. sldmi, E. Ir. slamni
*slags-men,
:
Gr.
Xdxvos, wool, Xdxvf], down
(otherwise Prellwitz, who
vel
Gr. to *vlk-snd, root
of olann, q.v.).
refers
curdled
Ir.
milk,
slamanna,
clots, flakes
slaman,
(O'Cl.),E. Ir.
slaimred
(na fola). Cf. lommen, gulp.
slan, healthy, whole, Ir., 0. Ir. sldn : '^sl-no- (Brug.), *ssldno-s
( sl-vo-, Brug.), safe, sotidus, firm,
(Stokes); Lat. salvus
( croAFo?); Eng. silly,originally
Eng. solid ; Gr. oAos, whole
=
meaning
all.
W.,
"blessed,"
Br.
immediately
holl
allied
Ger.
is
to
referred
Lat.
Skr.
selig, blessed;
here
by
sollus,whole,
sdrvas, whole,
Stokes,
all.
etc.,
more
float,
W.
Ir.
THE
GAELIC
Ir.
slaodaim,
slide
sldet, a
327
LANGUAGE.
OF
draw
^sloiddo-,
Celtic
slid
schlitten, slide,
Ger.
S.
raft,
sleid,
root
slidan,
slide, Ag.
*slid-d-.
Stokes
Gr.
Lit.
smooth,
oXtcrOavo},
slidus,
(n.)
sledge
;
explains the d of slaod as for dd, from -dno- : *slaidh-nd-.
warm
slaop, parboil, slaopach, parboiled, slovenly, Ir. slaopach, lukenext.
see
(O'R.) ; also slaopair, a sloven, for which
slapach, slapach, slovenly, Ir. slapach, slovenly, slapar, a trail or
Scandinavian
Norse
train ; from
sldpr, a good-for-nothing,
laxa
et
(Jamieson), sloppr, Eng. slop,
slaepa, \estis promissa
Sc. slmipie, slovenly, Dutch
slap, slack, remiss, Ger. schlaff.
slapraich, din, noise ; from Eng. slap.
slat, a rod, twig, Ir. slat, M. Ir. slat, slatt,W. llath, yslath, Br.
laz : *slattd
W.
M.
lath
is from
Eng. latte, Ag. S.
; Eng.
litthro, Eng.
"
laetta, 0.
latte
H.
G.
mattock
for
of ladle
kind
but
(Thurneysen),
sleabhag,
latte
latta, Ger.
Kluge
digging
(Lewis)
them
regards
carrots,
up
N.
; cf.
Celtic
also
are
cognate.
as
(Carm.)
etc.
Fr.
borrows,
sleidheag,
sleif.
sleag^h, a spear, so
sleg : "^slgd ; Skr. srj, hurl, sling.
sleamacair, sly person
(Lewis) : cf. N. slaemr, bad.
sleamhan, stye (Carm.) :
sleamhuinn,
slippery, smooth, Ir. sleamhuin, 0. Ir. slemon, W.
0.
limn
Br.
llyfn, smooth,
(in compounds) : ^slib-no-^, root
sleib
Norse
slib,
sleipr, slippery, Eng. slip, slippery ; Gr.
;
oXifSpos,At/3po5,slippery. See sliabh also.
sl^igeil, dilatory, sleugach, drawling, slow, sly ; also
leug,
Ir., E.
laziness
from
Ir.
Sc.
the
sleek
?
:
root
'^sleid'-s-,
of
slaod
and
Eng.
sleuchd, kneel,
sliabh, a moor,
Ir.
sliabh^
slip, Norse
from
Ir. slechtaim
Ir.
mountain,
*sleibos, root
0.
sleachdain,
platform, loft,
sliachdair, spread
sleipr, slippery
allied
seems
to
G.
see
from
mountain,
I. E.
Lat.
0.
flecto.
Ir.
sliab
sleamhuijin.
W.
llwyf,
sliabh.
substance
soft
by trampling, daub
:
slikr, smooth, Eng. sleek, Ger.
"^sleikto-,
sleig, Norse
schlick,
idea
like
the
soft
mud.
Cf.
being
original
greasy,"
grease,
any
"
E.
Ir.
sliachfad, smoothing,
preening.
sliasad
sloven.
slige, a
scale
of
slice,lanx,
balance,
ostrea
^sleggio-,root
sleg, for
which
cf. slachd.
Ir.
328
ETYMOLOGICAL
slighe,
sligim,
Ir.
I strike
See
weaver's
sleg being
Eng. sley
tile
slind,
which
shoulder
cleaned
blade, shoulder,
slighe
the
hewed
sliseag
slachd.
both
M.
Ir. slinden
E.
slibad, whetting,
W.
Ir.
cf.
Ir. slind-
whetstone-
slind, imbrex,
;
0.
slinnean,
refers
Cf.
further.
slid, slei"I,smooth,
Stokes
"^sleg-s-ni-,
and
refers
root
of
deg
slind^ pecten,
stem
slate-polishedC?),slind-glanait,
"^slindi-,root
of
Ir.
Ir.
slidiis,smooth.
Lit.
and
slinn
Stokes
sley, to
slinnean
smooth-sharp,
ger,
that
as
slcuj,smite.
slind, imbrex,
Ir.
root
"^deget-^
sley, M.
for
suggests
root
weaver's
See
to
and
split,splint.
slinnean,
0.
or
same
alhed
slige,g. sliged
further.
slachd
sley
the
Ir.
{ro sligsetar,ro
slige,pecten,
also
E.
dighe,
ways).
out
slinn,
Ir.
way,
DICTIONARY
to
the
root
sliseag.
see
polish,
yslipan,
M.
Ir.
burnish
slipthe,
;
from
Norse
make
sHpa, whet,
sleek, Ag. S.
Ag. S.
Ger.
M.
L.
M.
Du.
slipen, sharpen,
slipan, slip,glide,
slijpen,
polish, sharpen.
sliochd, posterity, tribe, Ir. sliochd, M. Ir. slicht, trace, track,
0. Ir. slid, vestigium
root
sleg of slighe and slachd.
: "^slektu-,
Ger.
similar
For
origin, cf.
geschlecht,race, lineage.
Ir.
sliogach, sleek, fawning, sligtheach, sly; from
sliogach, sly,
sUkr, smooth
sleig,glide (see
Eng., Sc. sleek, Norse
; I. E.
Norse
or
"
sliahh).
the
flatter^ smooth,
slender,
0.
slim,"
"
now
slim,
Du.
awry,
over
buttercup
;
sliop, a
slios, the
slessa,W.
of
man
ystlis :
slim,
slim
slim, naughty,
schlimm,
crafty, Ger.
G.
side
Eng.
Sc.
sliomaire, weakling,
Eng.
lip ; from
lip,blubber
Hence
from
or
craven.
lip.
beast, flank,
^stlisti-,root
sly, crafty,
o'er,gloss over,
bad, cunning.
Ir.
slios,0.
stel,extend,
Lat.
Ir.
sliss,pi.
stldtus,IdtuSy
wide,
stelja,spread.
from
slis, sliseag, a chip, Ir. slis, sliseog, E. Ir. sliss : "^slissi-,
root
splid. Eng. split,splice,splint, Ger. spleissen,
*splid-s-ti-,
etc.
compared, Eng. slit,root slid, which
Eng. slice has been
forms.
could
also produce the Gadelic
slisneach, a plant like the slan-lus (Carm.) :
sing,
sloe, a pit, slough, Ir. sloe : *slukko-, for ^slug-ko-, root
derives
hence
Skeat
swallow, as in slug, q.v.
Ag. S. slbh.,
Ger.
schlucht, hollow, ravine, is referred
Eng. slough.
by
lubricus.
the
root
Kluge to
slup,
Ch.
SI.
OF
slod, a puddle,
sldcan, sloke ;
sloinn, surname,
THE
Ir. slod
Ir.
significo, slond,
lod.
see
Sc.
the
from
beat
sloke.
Eng.
or
sloinnim,
name.
sea-like,
against
name,
W.
istlinnit, profatur,
ystlyned, kindred, ystlcn,
W.
speak,
slondim,
M.
W.
name,
Ir.
0.
name,
significatio, 0.
clan
cy-stlwn, family and
sex
*stlondid,
: "^stlondo-,
sloisir, dash,
329
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
daub
slaister,
Sc.
from
to
move
clumsily through a miry
liquid mass,
road, also slestir (Badenoch Dial, sleastair, bedaub).
llu, Corn, lu,
sluagh, people, Ir. sluagh, 0. Ir. sluag, slog, W.
Gaul,
slogi in Catu-slogi : *slougo-s; cf. Slav, sluga^ a servant,
Lit. slauginti.
shovel
next
a
sluaisreadh, act of mixing (lime, etc.) with
; see
bedaub,
wet
Cf.
word.
Eng.
slubber.
:
sluasad, a paddle, a shovel
sluasaid, a shovel,
E.
Ir.
Ir.
slucim, slocim ;
slugaim,
slug, swallow, slugadh (inf.),
schlucken^ to swallow,
"^sluggo,root slug, lug, swallow
; Ger.
the hiccup.
W.
Gr. Av^w, AvyyatVw, have
M.
H, G. slucken
:
Br.
0.
ro-luncas,
llwnc, gullet, a gulp, llyncu, to swallow,
Ir.
allied
E.
Br.
to
M.
longad, now
lloncaff are
guturicavit,
of the
form
root
is a nasalised
slug^
longadh, eating, which
lug.
Ir.
Ir. smacht, M.
0.
smachd, authority, correction, Ir. smachd,
law
the
:
smachtaigim, I enjoin, smacht, fine for breaking
be
I.
E.
root
magh,
"^smaktu-, from
strong ; Eng.
mag,
s-mag,
Gr.
able
be
Got.
(see mac).
means
jw-'^X^^j
;
may,
magan,
Sc. smad,
From
stain"
smod).
(see
smad, a particle,jot :
spot,
Ir.
"
smot,
stain, Eng.
M.
also
Ir. smot,
Ir.
smut.
Ir.
scrap,
spot,
sm^d, threaten, intimidate,
has
smotdn,
boast
Lettic
hill,Eng.
sm^l,
snufF
sand.
water
Cf.
smut.
ysmot, patch,
sm6l
Got.
mal
smal,
root
mdlma,
(smel,
melr,
sand
mole.
candle,
Ir.
smdl,
embers,
of
snufF
candle
; cf.
the
word.
above
smalag,
smaoin,
smarach,
block, W.
smdlkas,
smells,
soot,
a
sm^g, smog,
; see
smog.
paw
Ir. smdl,
dust,
blemish,
smal,
spot,
met). Lit.
smaddn,
the
think
mar,
young
saith
young
;
see
lad,
mer,
man,
Gr.
or
cuddie
smuain.
youth (Badenoch)
jxdpa^,boy, Skr. maryakds,
growing
Lit. marti,
bride
; also
W.
; root
a
from
smar,
mannie,
morwyn,
mdryas,
girl, merch,
40
330
ETYMOLOGICAL
daughter,
smarag,
either
Ir.
Ir.
child
marlach^
of two
to
Lat.
; from
whence
smaragdus,
emerald.
smeach,
smakrs,
Lettic
smakra,
Ir.
smaragaid
Eng.
Aran
sex.
emerald,
an
Cf.
merc^h.
Br.
five years,
DICTIONARY
E.
smeachan,
chin, palate
Ir. smech
; Skr.
"^smekd
tache.
mous-
gmacru,
Eng.
0.
nutus,
W.
Br.
amneidio,
enmetiam,
beckon,
do
innuo,
0.
nod,
not
enmeituou,
W.
vowel
in
agree
with
Gadelic.
smeileach,
pale,
puny
person
cf.
meileach.
smeoirn,
end
the
end
of
of
(Wh.),
Ir.
thrush,
from
the
Eng.
smiar,
smeur,
Br.
root
Ir.
chin,
berry, Ir,
for
smear,
smiot,
of
Norse
in
H.
W.
*smugal-,
mivt/alch,
tit-mouse.
; from
smear
Ir. smer,
W.
mwparen,
Ir.
air
smeice
"^smiddi-,
(O'C.) : *smeggi-,
for
smig,
(M'A.)
feast
smior,
smero,
smjorr,
the
Ir.
smeid
in
Ir. smid
word,
smigeadh
Also
miog,
"^smiggi, root
q.v.
smeddum.
Ir.
G.
as
smeid.
see
Sc.
marrow,
; 0.
throw
formed
E.
in smeachan
as
which
refuse
smear,
"^smeru-
derives
grease,
smeur^
mouth,
M.
S7nig,
spirit ; from
smiolamus,
smior,
of the
smile, smiling,
S7ni,smile,
smiodan,
meur.
smek,
"^smek-gi, root
smigeadh,
W.
smolach;
moualch
7}ieise,
Eng.
smearaim,
the
Stokes
Ir.
(pi.):
mouar
root
M.
Br.
(Sh.,
spit, broach
back
smior.
see
Ir.
smear,
bramble
smdl,
moelh,
^meisalko-,
For
smeirne,
Ger.
smeoirne,
bowstring,
(see much) ?
smiar, anoint,
smeur,
Corn,
mug
from
blackbird,
Ir,
smolach,
blackbird,
^smugl-,
the
next
arrow
head
arrow
O'R.) :
a
smeorach,
mwyalch,
an
E.
grease,
smolamas.
see
Ir.
smir,
Ag.
S.
g.
W.
smera,
smeoru,
mer
lard, Eng.
butter.
with
one
hand
and
strike
with
the
other
Eng. smite.
smiotach, crop-eared, short-chinned
(B.D.),Ir. smiot, ear :
See smeur.
from
the
Sc.
smiur, smear
Eng. smear.
;
smear,
smod, dirt, dust, also (according to M'A.) drizzling rain ; from
See smad.
smot, Eng. smut.
on
Sc,
OF
GAELIC
THE
scrap
smag,
smog,
S.
Ag.
331
LANGUAGE.
Ir. smot,
M.
fragments, smattering,
word.
paw
Norse
cf.
Eng.
creep,
smugan,
smjuga,
smuggle.
through
creep
For
hole,
smag,
also
see
mag.
smolamas,
smuain, a
Ir.
thought,
; Ch.
remember
smuained
Ir.
thought,
smuairean, grief, dejection : "^smoudro-, root smoud
smuais, marrow,
juice of the bones, Ir. smuais,
to
cause
Cf.
M.
above
(Strachan).
mysli-, thought
^smoudn-,
remind,
gamaudjan^
Got.
SI.
brolamas.
cf. strolamas,
M.
smuai7ieadh,
moud
smoud,
root
of victuals
trash, fragments
Ir.
muaidnig^
smuas
E.
marrow,
Ir.
Ir.
smuais, smash,
smuc,
of
snivel, a
smuais,
in
shivers,
sound
nasal
in
(smuch,
for
M'A.);
smash.
Eng.
; from
pieces
root,
see
smug
(*s-muc-c).
drizzle
smoke,
smucan,
smudan,
smudan,
smudan,
particle of
small
; from
dust
block
smoke
root
is
root
mug
for
which
see
smuid,
smoke,
"^smuddi-,
which
by-form
of muq,
smujaid
smug,
Lat.
in
seen
mucus,
ihe
wipe
emungo,
srriuid,
Cf.
smud.
root
thinks
makes
E.
Ir.
Eng.
Gadelic
the
smuit,
"^sinwjgo-,
nose.
The
m.ucus,
etc.;
Ger.
borrowed
this
There
smutcheo
smutgur,
smut,
unlikely.
smoke^'
on
European ground denoting
(Eng. smoke)
smoulder), smiig or smaug
smuig, a snout, the face (in ridicule): from
meaning
muc.
Ir.
Zim.
spittle,Ir.
; Lat.
mucus
mug,
smug,
Ir. smotan,
smiiid.
smugaid,
snot, spittle,
smug,
smoke.
smod.
see
of wood,
see
Eng.
schmutz,
dirt
allied
are
"
smugh
"
and
(Gr.
roots
o-fxuxo),
(G. smiiid).
smud
the
the
from, though
three
Eng.
yiiug,
ugly
face.
Ir.
snout
:
smuilcin, a small
smuilc, glumness, dejection ; M.
snoutyness.^'
smurach,
dross, peat dross, smuir, dust, a particle of dust,
smuirnean, a mote
; cf. Sc. smurach,
peat dross, smore,
smurr,
dense
a
smoke, Eng. smother
drizzling rain, M. Eng. smore,
O'R.
has smur
from
( smorther), 0. Du. smoor.
Sh., and K.
M.
Ir. smur-chimilt
as
Meyer translates
"grind to dust."
the
from
smusach,
extracting
juice
(Suth.):
"
smut,
snag,
Ir. smut,
bill,snout,
little audible
snag,
hiccup
cf.
knock,
large
flat nose,
wood
pecker (snagan-daraich),
Eng. snock,
snag, snagardarach,
snaidh.
knock,
snaghairdara,
and
wood
snout
the
next
pecker,
word.
seems
Ir.
Ir.
from
332
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
snagaireachd,
Eng.
cutting
a
snagger,
for
active
with
S7iagging or
Sc.
knife
that
off snags,
cutting
large knife,
snagger-snee,
Dial.
; from
is
snee,
snicker-
off branches.
cut
snag,
sneg,
snag^arra,
tool
knots, etc.,
branches,
wood
hacking
or
; from
the
above
; cf. s7iasmhor.
roots
(O'D.) E. Ir.
chip, shape, Jr. snoighim, snaidhim
snaidim, snaisi, peeled, W.
hew, chip, cut, 0. Cor.
naddu,
nedim, ascia (W. neddyf, neddai, adze, Br. eze, neze),M. Br.
snaidh,
hew,
*snad6
ezeff:
Swiss
schndtzen
flesh
(Bez. apud
border,
schnat,
Swab,
cut.
KvaSctAAw,
Gr.
Ger.
Strachan
kvwSwv,
wood
in
the
suggests
twig,
young
incision
schnatte, an
Stokes).
scratch,
schnate,
sknad,
root
Hence
(see cndmh).
tooth
or
regularity.
snas,
Sc.
in walking, etc., snaikin,
snaig, creep ; from
snaik, sneak
Cf. Ir. snaighim, I creep.
sneaking, Eng. sneak, snake.
naidm,
snaim, a knot, ir. siiaidhm, E. Ir. snaidm, d. snaidmaimm,
bond,
nexus
"^nadesmen,
nah,
tie, naddha-s,
band
; Lat.
snamh,
for
nodus,
Ir.
swim,
tied
; Ger.
nestel, lace,
noz-dos,
sndmhaim,
E.
Ir.
(n.),sndo,
swim
Lat.
; Gr.
nestila, a
nasg.
ro
neunv
flow
vaw,
W.
swam,
sno,
neuff, Br.
ndre
no,
; Skr.
nedh
G.
H.
(inf.),
sndm
Br.
0.
See
knot.
E.
I.
bind,
ned,
root
*sndmu,
Skr.
sndti,
float.
bathe,
snaodh, head,
chief
pouder,
snaomanach,
old
snidn
(Carm.)
chief
snaisse, cut,
Ir.
; from
robust
fellow,
Ir.
snaidh.
Eng. sneezing
in
sneesivg
sneezm.
snaomdnach,
"^snadm-
from
from
caesus,
snuff",Sc. sneeshin,
for
name
strong,
head
ceann-snaodh,
stout, jolly
"?
of snaim
snaoidh,
snap,
the
snas,
regularity, elegance,
trigger
snaidh
sn^th,
; E.
of
Ir. snass,
Ir.
thread,
; Gr.
snathad,
allied
a
needle,
notuid,
snath
Ger.
sneachd,
Br.
above
and
Ir,
; cf.
cut,"
from
of
snad
cut.
0.
sndthe,
Ir.
the
sndthad,
nadoz,
snap.
"
S7ias
W.
noden,
evvvT^ro^,
sniomh
Ir.
English
good
:
snath,
the
from
gun
nadoez
Eng.
word
next
0.
below.
Ir. sndthat,
"^
snatantd,
needle,
Goth.
W.
0.
nodwydd,
sndteijd,
ne}"la,
0.
from
H.
G.
Corn.
sndt
of
nddala,
nadel.
snow,
so
Ir., 0.
"^sniqtaio-,"^snibi-
Ir.
(Welsh),
E.
snigh, sneigh
; Got.
nyf:
snaiws^
Eng.
it
v"Lcf)eL,
sneadh,
vL"^a (ace),
; Gr.
nivis
nix,
^nizh.
sninga (vb.),snegas, snow
; Zend.
nits, Corn., nedhan,
sneagh, 0. Ir. sned, W. yiec/o?,
Ir.
nezenn
; Lat.
schnee
333
LANGUAGE.
; Lit.
snows
nit,
Br.
Ger.
snoWj
GAELIC
THE
OP
"^sknidd
S.
Ag.
tii^, Ger.
hnitu, Eng.
wiss
; Gr.
KovtSe?, nits.
Ir.
I. E.
to
sneigho-,
snih, snehati,
; Skr.
wet
snidhim,
W.
snigim,
Ir.
drops,
in
humid.
to
be
Allied
Ir.
snimaire,
sneachd.
M.
sniomh,
sndtk
In
W.
further.
the
Corn,
has
nyddu, nere,
"sadness," there is
of
sense
ne
E.
spindle.
v^/xa,yarn.
; Gr.
See
Ir.
niff, chagrin,
snod,
affix
the
hook
fishing
hair
line
which
to
veco,
snoigeas,
on
snu,
s7iood,
fillet,Ag. S.
; root
Sc.
wind,
snuadh.
see
.mu,
Norse
from
the
snua,
snog,
turn
up
Ir.
flow,
turn,
Got.
snarl,
snag,
the
snuadh,
in
nose
stream,
sniwan,
Gr.
go.
flout.
smelling
; founded
snout.
hue,
beauty,
appearance,
flow,
stream
SO,
snuff
attached,
is
Sc.
smile
Eng. snot,
testiness
Eng.
snuadh,
tree
boat
g'aire,a
swim,
snot, smell,
of
motion
of
hook
the
; from
snood.
sn6"/, fillet,Eng.
snodan, rapid
snodha, snodha
snodhach, sap
snooid
line, Manx
the
to
as
in
E.
Ir.
Ir.
M.
snuadh,
snuad, hair,
head
of
Ir. snuad
hair,
Ir.
; root
snuadh,
(see snodhach).
here, this,
Ir.
so,
E.
Ir., 0.
Ir. sea,
so
*sJo-(beside *so, as
sie, she, they, 0. H.
:
in
G.
discussed
under
inf.
sood,
W.
root
Ay,
sov,
iompaidh.
334
ETYMOLOGICAL
from
Med.
Lat.
secare.
SOCair,
ease,
Lat.
0.
deacair,
is
convenience,
SOChair,
vomer,
soccus,
Ir.
easy,
DICTIONARY
socair, easy,
Ir.
root
deccair
ease,
M.
Ir.
cor,
q.v.
sochor, good
M.
H.
G.
cuir.
in
Ir.
Hence
sochar,
opposite
from
*acar,
acarach.
emolument,
(Sench. Mor)
contract
seh, vomer,
Ir. soccair
*di-acair, *so-acair,
place, as
cor,
0.
to
secure,
benefit, emolmnent,
allied
or
wealth,
; from
and
so-
pliant,
yielding disposition, socharach, simple, comIr. socharach, obliging, easy,
W.
hygar, amiable, Br.
dear.
and
The
Ir. is also
hegar, benignus ; from
socar,
sochar, silliness,a
from
sochar,
ease.
Ir. sochd
sochd, silence,
(O'R., Sh.), M.
of suain
(Dr Cameron).
of
noise
sod,
boiling water, steam
boiled,
boiled
so^, broth
boiling porridge,
sod,
awkward
an
in
water
Sc.
seethe, sod,
sodden,
of
meat,
or
Ir. socht
meat
setter,
boil
(O'B.) ;
has
stout
person,
source
W.
; from
person
Sc.
sot, Fr.
ffothyll, pustula,
made
SOg,
trotting
mirth,
sogan,
form
pusiula,
of the
root
root
ag
of
Ir.
of
Skr.
sotla, pride,
adduced
Stokes
to
phutkar,
the
as
"^sput-tlo-,
puff (Stokes),
horse
humour,
good
heavy
of cloth,
Ir.
0.
been
has
According
sot.
Lat.
this
sod,
woman,
sotli, animositates
Eng.
Norse
from
boiled, Eng.
of
slowly, sottle, noise
clumsy heavy
clout
Sc. sodds, a saddle
from
pillion,
soda^,
;
sodal, pride, flattery, Ir, sodal, sotal, sutal,
of
is
meat
been
insolence,
svop
etc.
sodick, soudie,
person,
which
in
water
meat
which
*sop-tu-, root
from
tipsiness;
*sugg,
short
sugradh.
sogh,
M.
Ir.
sodh,
E.
Ir.
suaig,
prosperous
aghaidh, agh.
root
so-gne-,
gen.
soimeach,
seems
for
II is
see
connections.
prosperous,
to
combine
easy,
0.
Ir.
easy
somme,
circumstanced,
dives,
and
good-natured,
0.
Ir.
soinmech,
OP
lucky, good,
Ir.
Stokes
derives
latter
is
GAELIC
THE
soinmhench,
so-nem-ech,
root
Ir.
soineann,
; the
sonend
the
from
Ir.
east,
(^ *are), on,
sin
soir,
from
is
E.
sair
soinean,
reb
the
for
M.
Ir.
root.
for
su-sin-
and
(see suas)
.s-
E.
(Stokes).
rain
Ir.
0.
wind,
soirb, facilis,opposed
flatulence
air
(Arg.),
root
doirb, difficilis,
to
reabh.
rib, manare
Gaelic
(Ascoli). But compare
Sc. sosh, snug,
sois, snug, fond of ease
(M'A.) ; from
soise, a ball of fire in the sky, a portent (M'A.) :
SOisgeul, gospel, Ir. soisgeal, soisgeul,0. Ir. soscele ;
or
Ir.
soinend,
doinionn,
is
from
M.
q.v.
Ir.
neamh.
sian, weather,
now
Ir.
the
meanmna.
soinionn
of
former
iomadh
see
; cf. sdnraich
Ir.
weather,
opposite
du-sm-enn,
enn,
SOir,
fair
which
under
nem,
somenmnach,
good-spirited,
soin, esteem
(n.),soineil, handsome
soinionn,
for
The
happy.
fortunate,
so-imbi-s,
from
335
LANGUAGE.
social.
from
and
so-
sgeul.
who
writes
soisheamh,
founded
from
so-
lathair.
solas, joy, comfort, solace, Ir. solas ; from Lat. so/a^mm, Eng. solace.
sollain, a welcome, rejoicing, Ir. sollamhuin, a solemnity, feast,
Lat. sollennne, Eng. solemnity.
rejoicing,E. fr. sollamain
; from
Ir.
M.
E.
Ir. solus,
solus, light, Ir.,
solus, bright : "^svlnestu-,root
svel ; Ag.
S.
o-eAas, light,
sultry ; Gr.
svelan, glow, Eng.
"T"X7]vr),
eXdvT],torch ; Skr. svar, sheen, sun.
moon,
with
abundance,
SOmalta, bulky, large, placid ; from M. Ir. soma,
soimeach
further.
See
-ail and
ta.
adj. terminations
somh, convert, upset (Carm.) ; cf. Ir. sdm.
son,
sake,
er
; from
son
happy,
SOna,
SOnn,
stout
captains,
men,
air
cause,
son,
E.
Ir., E.
root
man,
"
Ir. sona,
of
hero
staves
picked
tuaighe was
or
"
na
Ir. son,
gna
of,
account
on
word
(root
opposite
Ir. son,
sven
of
of dona
ar
son,
M.
Ir. son,
seinn) 1
*so-gnd-vo-s,
"
doing"
well-
gniomh.
; from
of
marines
ursainn
sonn,
club, staff,M.
Cf.
battle."
on
the
chatha
N.
forecastle.
nan
Ir. suinn
stafn-buar,
Cf.
Camshronach."
the
Tdillear
See
catha,
stem
dubh
sonn.
36
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
sonn,
Ir., E.
staff,cudgel, beam,
spand, draw,
the
allied
^spundo,
stem
Norse
to
Of. M.
j^on, 0. W.
fonn
a
orcfievSovri,
sling, cr^eSavo?, vehement
Stokes
move
(Rhys).
pendo, hang
; Lat.
Gr.
*spondo-,
W.
Ir. sonn,
Ir.
spj(it,a
sonrach.
sonraighim,
gives
0.
lance,
sponda, trabecula,
Lat.
; Skr.
H.
G.
repagulum.
special,E.
Ir.
Ir.
Ir.
wisp,
Norse
Ir.
; Stokes
takes
derives
favours
sopen
W.
sopp,
Zimmer
ball
sob,
E.
sop,
soppa.
sponge,
W.
sine, without
; Skr.
without.
sanutdr,
sop,
; Lat.
sunder
Eng.
Norse
from
Norse
it from
; from
sopen
Ir.
the
Eng.
an
sob,
svoppr,
besom.
sopr,
The
source.
:
s6r, hesitate, grudge, shun
soraidh, a farewell, blessing, Ir. soraidh, happy, successful,
E.
soraid,
Ir. soreid
; from
sorchan,
so-
or
Ir.
M.
reidh.
opposite of dorch,
support, foot-stool, light stand, peer-man
t sorcha, light,bright,
rest
and
Ir. sorcha
Ir., E.
sop,
v.
; from
sorcha.
sorn,
Lat.
SOS,
spad,
Ir.
flue, vent,
furnus,
sluggard,
spado,
eunuch
; cf. W.
eunuch.
spatula,
forn
; from
from
(cf.spairt),
clod
"^spad
limb
soss.
of
of
benumbed.
spaid, spade 1
animal
an
Lat.
from
cut
off;
L.
from
shoulder
spadula,
Corn,
ffwrn.
spaid, spad,
spadanta,
Hence
Sc.
; from
benumb,
spaidim,
W.
Eng. furnace.
mixture
or
kill,fell,Ir.
Ir. sornn,
whence
oven,
mess
coarse
E.
s6rn,
Lat.
also
W.
shoulder.
yspaud,,
Norse
; cf.
spjdtra,
behave
as
fop.
See
spaideil.
spadal,
arms,
Stokes'
pull, span.
spag,
claw
footed
clumsy
tomfool
or
or
cut
grass
paw,
awkward
leg, W.
(Wh.) :
; from
by
limb
of
in
ysbach,
an
the
a
from
utmost
one
Lat.
(Bad.)
right spadh
theory were
Cf. Eng. swath.
stroke
scythe's
If
the
animal,
M.
Eng.
extent
of
spaddle,
the
stretched
out-
scythe-stroke, spadh, .a
spatium.
Meyer objects.
could
be
from
root
club-foot, sp^gach,
spa,
club-
OF
GAELIC
THE
spagach,
indistinctly,spag^adh, obliquity
uttering words
mouth, spaig",a wry
mouth
below
spaisdear
337
LANGUAGE.
of
the
:
:
the
"
Eng.
strutting," from
Cf., however,
Lat.
spatior,
as
spadair.
"
from
the
kick,
spurn,
Norse
kick
sporna,
with
the
feet, struggle,
sperna,
derived
it from
Eng. spurn.
Hennessey
Eng.
sparring (Atkenceum, 15/8/71).
trousers'
in the
spairiseach,foppish, spairis, having the hands
Sc.
pockets (M'A.) ; founded
on
opening of the fore
spare,
part
of the
breeches.
spairt, a turf, clod, a splash, Ir. spairt ; verb spairt, daub, plaster,
splash, brain, Ir. spairtim : cf. N. spard'a, pole-axe, whence
M.
Eng. spert or spart.
spaisdear, spaidsear, a saunterer, spaisdeireachd, sauntering, Ir.
spaisdeoireachd, promenading, walking ; Norse
spdzera, walk,
Dan.
Ital. (i3th Cent.), spaziare:
spadsere, Ger. spazieren, from
all from
Lat.
spatior, walk, promenade.
spal, a shuttle, Ir. spot ; from Norse
shuttle, M.
spdla, a weaver's
Eng. spole, now
spool, Ger.
spule, bobbin, spool. Hence
spdlag, pea pod.
thin plate of metal, spangle ; from
Norse
spang,
g. spangar,
spong,
M.
S.
a
now
a
spangle,
Ag.
spangle,
Eng. spang,
clasp,
spange,
Ger.
spann,
divide,
sever,
prevent,
spann,
spang,
buckle.
spange,
wean
confused
with
hinge, hasp ;
a
hasp ; or
spennir,
grasper,
(a child);
M. Eng.
from
Sc.
Ag.
the
S.
spannen,
Eng.
spannan,
to
spenn,
Sc.
from
spain,
spane,
stretch,
wean,
span.
spangle, Ag. S.
spang,
to
clasp, Norse
spenna,
a
button.
G.
sparrag",
spathalt,
limb,
bridle
a
a
bit,
clumsy
"
limb
little bar."
; cf.
spoil.
41
338
ETYMOLOGICAL
the
sparsan,
of
dew-lap
DICTIONARY
Ir.
beast,
(Lh., O'B.)
sparsan
see
spursan.
speach,
connspeach,
wasp,
heel
beach,
from
bee,"
connspeach
(T"j"i]^
; for
The
referred
is
conas-beach,
for
by
phonetics
wrangling or dog
for
is eircbheach.
"wasp"
(Di.ct.302) to ^spekd, Gr.
Ir.
Stokes
cf.
"
also
piuthar,
padhadh,
and
speir
speal.
(so Stokes).
psalm
speal^,
M.
E.
Sc.
from
splinter ;
spelke,
fracture,
Norse
splinter,
to
Du.
spalk.
spealt,
M.
from
splinter ;
H.
G.
Teutonic
splinter, Ger.
spelte,a
spearrach, a cow-fetter, a
speic, a spike, Ir. speice ;
Ger.
W.
speiche.
speil,cattle, herd,
to
Lat.
Ger.
for
from
now
spill,
spalten.
wild
Norse
goats
spik, a
speireach.
see
spike, Eng.
spike,
ysbig.
speil, herd
of cattle
swine
or
^speli-,allied
(Stokes).
;
Sc.
from
or
ham
of
human
shank
fetter
spelde,
Eng.
game,
spielen, play,
speir, hoof
the
skate
has
Ir.
spolium
sp^il, slide,
M.
"
pherid
sp2ir,
"^speret-,Gr.
Lat.
spurn,
which
speireag, sparrow-hawk
hafoc,
speis, esteem,
last
sbesa.ilie,
special, from
*s-peri- ;
E.
crus,
from
speis, M.
Lat.
foot
heel
fetter
; founded
M.
; from
Ir.
fer,
thereabouts
of
W.
compare
Ir.
root
seir, heel,
Eng.
sper,
from
speir
Eng.
on
Lat.
sptritus.
sper-hauk,
and
sparrow
Ir. sbeis
species,look
Ag.
S.
spear-
haivk.
M. Ir.
seemingly from
(cf.Eng. respect).
branch
spiac, diverge, divaricate, tear asunder,
; from
S.
spaik, a spoke (in a wheel), Eng. spoke, Ag.
spdca.
Ir,
speucldir, a glass, spectacles ; from
speuclair, spectacles,
speuc,
Latin,
and
buarach.
see
courage
sparrhaukr,
liking,
acfivpov, ankle,
cow-fetter,
ham
and
etc.
sperno,
speireach, spearrach,
Cor.
ankle
Sc.
the
OP
the
speur,
heaven,
GAELIC
THE
Ir.
firmament,
339
LANGUAGE.
the
from
speir ;
speur,
L.
Lat.
"
taunt.
Fr.
O.
spidean, pinnacle ;
spidean
spiligean, a seedling, dwarfish
"
spioc,
Ir.
spigot,
hospitale.
teampuill
an
person
"
mean
(O'K.) ;
spiocaid
dastardliness, spiocach,
meanness,
spiocaid,
Lat.
ospital, from
Eng.
from
sources
"
M.
piol.
spiolg",mihusk,
shell
Cf.
pluck
examine
spionnadh, strength,
spiontag,
rain
from
a
or
or
'^sven
currant,
flake
Lat.
;
a
Sc.
Ir.
spionaim,
Ir.
spin,
Ir.
spionnadh,
see
spilkj pilk,
shell
pease,
etc.,
spealg.
pull, tear,
up,
; cf. M.
"^sphen
the
from
thorn,
from
probe, pluck,
teaze,
Lat.
thorn,
spina,
spionnamhail,
(Keat.)
strong
faod.
particle in
of snow,
Ir.
the
throat,
maggot,
spiond7i, a gooseberry,
M.
Ir.
drop
spinan
of
;
spina.
spiorad, a spirit,so
Ir., 0.
Ir.
spiurt, spirut
Corn,
; from
speris, Br.
Lat.
spiritus,
Eng, spirit.
yshryd,
speret.
0.
Fr.
spiosradh, spice, Ir. spiosra ; from
espicerie,
Eng. spicery,
spices, from Lat. species.
Norse
spiris, a hen-roost, hammock
a
rafter,
; from
sperra,
spar,
with
a
leaning on G. iris,roost.
spisniche, pillar,support (Carm.) :
bit of wood,
spitheag, a chip, spelk, small
bite, Ir. spiothdg, a
at an
for throwing
finger stone
object (Con,, Sh.), spitheog, a
flake of snow
borrowed
word
belonging to the Eng. group
; a
from
Norse
spike, spigot,but likely taken
spik, sprig, spike.
splang, a sparkle, flash, Ir. splanc :
Ir. spleangaid (O'H.) ; a
side-form
of
splangaid, a snot, mucus,
aid
%
sg long
W.
has
340
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
spleadh,
spleadh,
foot
splay
; from
Eng. splay.
false
ostentation, romance,
flattery, Ir. spleadh ; from
M.
display.
Eng. spleien, display, from
displeien, now
eels ; see
spleadhan, a sort of wooden
paddle to dig up sand
pleadhag.
spleuchd, spliachd, stare, squint, spread out by trampling :
spliuc, fluke of an anchor
on
YiUg.fluhe.
(M'A.) ; founded
spliuchan, spliucan, tobacco
pouch, Ir. spliuchdn, a pouch, bag,
a
leather
spliug,
; hence
purse
snot,
Sc.
Cf.
spleuchan.
icicle, anything
W.
bhvch,
down
hanging
box.
Cf.
^s-cluig?
cluigein.
spliugach, splay-footed :
countenance
spliuig*,a discontented
lame
hand
spliut, a
or
foot, splay
spoc,
spoke
spoch,
address
the
foot
pliut.
see
Eng.
Ir.
spog",
; from
spag-,
spoil, a
one
claw,
(as
quarter
Ir.
meat,
limb,
Manx
paw,
of
spolla,
spald, shoulder,
spatula, shoulder,
hence.
Cf.
spolladach,
old
from
whence
piece
ysbach
piece
joint
or
Sc.
; from
meat
espaule, espalle,
spaul,
L.
spolla
Ir.
epaulet.
of
Lat.
also
is
spadag, spathalt.
sottish
sploit,squirt, spout,
when
of
Fr.
Eng.
W.
spdg,
spodkla,
Ir.
spaag,
boiling
stirred
or
battle, also
in
Cf.
(Dial. Badenoch)
M.
of
open,
vessel
carelessly.
W.
E. Ir. sponge,
yshwng, sponge,
tinder, Ir. sponc,
sponge,
Corn,
Lat.
Br.
from
spongia, sponge,
sponenk ;
spone,
spong,
from
Gr.
allied to Lat. fungus.
(nroyyia,
for a horse
a
claw,
talon, Ir. spor, M. Ir. sbor, a spur
spor,
spur,
spong,
from
Norse
spori,
spur,
foot
spot,
Ag. S. spora
Eng. spur,
sporadh, inciting, scraping
sporre,
Hence
trace, Dan.
root
the
sper
earth
spore,
speir,
of
Swed.
etc.
hen), Sc.
(as
Ir.
sboran,
spur.
tinder, flint,gun-flint ;
spor,
sporan,
ysbur
purse,
Ir.
*s-burr-
whence
Eng.
spardn,
from
purse,
from
Eng.
spordn,
*burs,
bursary,
from
;
spar.
L.
(M'F.) :
(Fol.) ;
the Eng.
spors,
spot,
crumbs
spot
from
from
Lat.
originally
hide.
sporracan,
the
M.
sbarrdn,
Eng.
from
bursa,
Gr.
W.
purse,
/Svpcrrj,
a
OF
Ir.
Ir.
spochad
is
M.
Ir.
Eng.
whence
Stokes
by
(n.),W.
spochad
spado, eunuch,
thought
341
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
spothaim,
Lat.
; from
spaza
THE
be
to
from
dyshaddu,
The
spay.
Br.
spacliein
(inf.).
spracadh,
lively,Norse
comes
spraehr,
lively,Swed.
Norse
Eng. spark
severe
reprimand ;
Spreadh,
of
blast, report
spraki, a report.
Norse
burst
sprinkling
spreang'an,
the
cloven
also
gun
of.
spraich,
Sc.
cry,
sound
burst,
spread,
speaker
sprack.,
Norse
spreig.
see
loud
Eng.
; from
sparkr.
"
Spraic, a
spraidh,
; from
from
rod.
with
flexible
Eng. springe.,twig, rod, snare
M.
Ir. spre,
spreidh, cattle, Ir. spre{idli),
spreid, W.
praidd, flock,
Hence
Sc. spreith, booty,
booty ; from Lat. praeda, booty.
Ii'.
founded
M.
spreig, blame, reprove,
on
incite,
spreagaim ;
Eng.
spraechen., now
speak,
Ger.
sprechen.
in root
breoclaid
as
spreod, spreod
; from
M.
Du.
the
same
M.
Eng.
spriet.
Hence
spreot,
sprit
spreoid, a bowsprit ; Ag. S. spreot,
crann
sprit, now
spreod,
incite.
sprochd,
Ir. broc,
dejection, sadness, Ir. sprochd : *s-broc, M.
?
for root
hron
anxiety (also shrog). Cf. murcach
sorrow,
; or
sprog^aill,dewlap, bird's crop, Ir. sprogaille, shrogaill,
sprogan,
also sgrohan, sgrogul, neck
See
: *s-hroggo-.
hraghad.
spronnan,
crumb
; from
proitn.
stick
sprot, single
(Lewis) : N.
brushwood,
firewood,
spruan,
sproti, stick.
Ir.
sprudn
sprudhan, fragments.
the
sprudan, fingers,sprouts ; from
spruileach, spruidhleach, crumbs,
M'A.
"^s-bruan,
from
bruan.
has
crumb,
spruan.
fragment,
M.
spiudhaille
Ir. has
sweepings, ysborion,
also
refuse
Eng. sprout.
Ir.
fragments,
(Lh.),
M.
Ir.
spuirech, fragmentum,
of
spruiUe{ach),
shruileach.
W.
Cf.
ysbwrial,
fodder.
Ir. spruiseamhuil
the
neat,
spruiseil, spruce,
Eng. spiuce.
; from
spruithean, claw (as of eagle) :
of the head, a pinnacle, callosity,blister, Ir. spuaic,
spuaic, crown
welt, callus, pinnacle :
a
342
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
(N.H.)
; from
spolier, Lat.
spoils Fr.
Eng. spudge.
cf.
of
form
spuill,
spilinn, spoil, plunder, Ir. spuini7n ; another
borrowed
directly from Lat. spoliare ?
Ir. spuirse ; from
the
milkweed,
Eng. spurge^
spuirse, spurge,
M.
Eng. sporge.
spull, nail of a cat, a clutch, spullach, nailed, greedy (M'A.) :
a
gizzard, Ir. spursdn ; cf. sparsan,
dewlap,
spursan,
the Sc. spool, Eng. spout.
sput, a spout ; from
the Eng. :
srabh, a straw
; from
srabh, falling water
(Carm.) :
srabhard, strife (Suth. R.D.) :
for
srad,
rap-ko-,
ster,
from
sraid,
fire,Ir.
the
whence
Eng.
which
itself
sraidean,
the
rapio
racadh
also
*srakho-,
from
*sraddd,
Gr.
has
acrnqp.
M.
Ir.
strad
Ir. has
str-d, root
or
srab-tine, lightning,
root.
same
Ir.
street,
srad
G.
of Lat.
rap
Eng. star,
in
as
root
of
spark
sracaim
rob, Ir.
tear, rend,
srac,
E.
srdid,
K.
street.
Lat,
from
derives
Meyer
from
comes
srdit
(via),
strata
Norse
it from
straeti,
Lat.
plant shepherd's
Ir.
purse,
sraidin
{srdidin, (O'B.);
cf. srad.
sraigh,
sramh,
the
a
root
nose,
the
cow's
sneeze
(M'A.)
udder,
Ir. sramh
ster,
E.
of Lat.
(see
Stokes
snore,
further).
sreothart
*strenv6,
cf. root
of srbn.
(srdmh, O'R.)
str, strew.
srann,
sraon,
the
cartilage of
jet of milk from
like
Lat.
Ir.
srand,
0.
Ir.
sterto, snore,
makes
the
srennim,
sterto
sternno,
sneeze
Gadelic
to
be
sternuo.
forward
violently ; cf. Ir.
step, rush
sraoinim, defeat, overthrow,
scatter, M. Ir. srdined, dragging
stumble,
down,
root
sraonais,
make
defeat,
ster, strew,
a
huff,
E.
false
Ir.
hurl, drag,
sroenim,
scatter
snuffiness
defeat
huff
^sroino-,
from
srbn,
nosel
in
Ir., M.
river
gramine,
W.
planities : *stratu-,
root
from
; Gr.
sterna,
I strew
Ir.
loch,
or
ystrad,
Lat.
stratura,
from
often
meadow
land
swampy
(Joyce),
strath,
E.
W.
holm
or
0.
Ir.
istrat,
strat,
Lat.
spread,
stratus,
;
scatter
oTopkvwixi,
spread,
ctt/owtos,
;
ster,
srath,
Ir.
stratum,
scatter
srathar,
sterno,
W.
ystrodyr
spread.
from
OF
sreang,
string,
Gadelic
streg
streg and
roots
order, join
ser,
sreathan,
it
sreothart,
trew,
root
for
sneeze,
or
sraing,
sors,
unborn
(H.S.D., etc.).
calf
vessels
covering
root
*srito-, "^sr-to-,
lot.
ystrewi (vb.),Br.
Ir.
(Stokes), further
(do.).
srian,
E.
Ir.
When
earlier
strefia, strevia
Lat.
ster, pster,
W.
srian,
ffrwyn
W.
sreod,
(vb.),
sternuo,
from
Lat.
(through W.).
frenum
srideag,
sreth
sneeze,
Trrapwixat
bridle,
Ir.
0.
sraoth, sraothfurtach,
streu, pstreu
Gr.
ultimately,
Ir.
sneeze,
ystreiv,
allied
are
series, row,
covering
used
was
; Lat.
skin
filmy
dried,
srian,
row,
a-rpccjio),
turn),
(Hend.).
lie, embroidery
sreath,
stregh
Gr.
Ger.
I. E.
The
Ir. sreng
*srengo-, strengo-,
:
allied
either
to Eng. string,
E.
sreang,
stream.
immediately
Strang (I. E. stregh,
Ger.
strengr,
Lat.
to
or
Ir. S7'ang,
root
Norse
from
curbing
srdmach^
rheum,
eye
derives
this
sreamadh,
343
LANGUAGE.
rheum
sream,
GAELIC
THE
drop,
*sriddi,
spark,
white
streaked
with
dark
of srad.
srd
root
srideach,
the English.
on
sringlean, the strangles ; founded
founded
smth.
of quick words
on
sruit, a torrent
;
small
of
srobadh, a push (Sh.),
liquor (A. M'D.)
quantity
see
sruab.
sroghall,
whip,
ffrowyll
srol, a
Ir., E.
so
Lat.
; from
"^frol,*Ji6r, Fr.
sron,
Ir.,
nose,
*sroknd
(Stokes,
Ir.
srdn,
Gr.
Cor.
(Lismore)
velours, velvet,
0.
Br.
snore,
/oeyx^j
sruab,
water
sup,
up
with
*srouhbo-,
lap
up,
Ch.
of
noise
root
SI.
the
sreid) 1
^srognd ;
:
peyKw), "^sprognd
W.
has
compared,
froan
snort,
been
trein.
lips,pull hastily
Cf.
Lat.
strait, tapestry, W.
form
suggested
a
has
ffroen, Br.
W.
; from
jtour,velveted.
Lat.
has
(Strachan),to which
spargo
also trwyn
{^trugno-or trogni-).Cor.
drink
srogill (gen.), W.
whence
Stokes
mat.
Ir.
silk,
Ir.
flagellum.
banner,
streamer,
sraigell,0.
Ir.
srub,
srubati, swallow,
and
out
Lit.
Lat.
of
the
sriaubiu,
sorbeo, Eng.
absorb.
shortbread
sruan,
srub,
cake
having
five
corners
Norse
the
cockle.
head
is cut
off,
344
ETYMOLOGICAL
sruth,
-Br.
alveus,
flowing,
froud
the
to
sruth,
*8rutu-,
stream,
root
srotha, W.
g.
root
spreut,
Some
frot^
Ger.
pva-ts,
Norse
stream,
referred
well,
Cor.
Gr.
Eng.
have
to
spreii,
ffrwd^
flow
sreu,
flow
/jew,
sravju, ^ow.
; Lit.
words
Ir.
:
pevfxa,
straunw
0.
Ir.,
stream,
DICTIONARY
the
Celtic
spriidel, a
well,
sprilhen,
"
English.
stac,
Swed.
stump,
columnar
stad,
position,
Stat, stands
standing,
(
stadh
(better stagh),
Norse
stag
stadhadh,
(Cormac)
Ascoli
founded
of
a
a
Norse
Ir.
status,
stad'a,a
astaim,
sisto
suidhe).
bend
sadden
Lat.
on
Cf.
0.
compares
stay, a certain
(do.), Eng. stay, Dan.,
larch,
sed
root
stack.
(Hennessey, Stokes).
position.
ad-sad-to-,
--^
Ir. stad
stack
Sc.
stack,
stack
(F.M.), stacc,
(of hay), stakka,
(Shetland, etc.) stack,
stacc,
stakkr,
rock, Eng.
Ir. stad, E.
stop,
Norse
stack,
isolated
Ir.
M.
hill,
precipice, steep
pile, piece ; from
a
in
rope
Ger.
ship's rigging
from
stag.
Lat.
statio
staid, state, condition, Ir. staid, M. Ir. stait ; from
(K.
Lat.
Ir. staid
W.
has
be
status.
ystdd, from
Meyer).
may
word.
See
next
the
from
Eng.
stdideamhail
Ir.
Eng. state, stately.
staideil, stately,
; from
Ir.
M.
the
Ir.
stair,
staigre
staighre,
staidhir, a
Eng., and
; from
G. is possibly from
Eng. stair, just as
Ag. S. stdeqer. The
from
pair and fair (Dr Cameron).
paidhir iind /aid hir are
Ir. stailc
tailce
; cf.
; cf. N.
stilkr,
stalk.
stailinn,
steel
peg,
Sc.
small
and
pole,
staing, a well-built
boorish
staipeal,
(pi.),Ger.
weapons
steel.
stahl, Eng.
staing,
Norse
from
pointed rock
Eng. stang.
person
Ir.
person,
stopple,
Ir.
or
Norse
; from
animal
(M'A.), staingean,
stainc, incivility;
stapal
(O'R.)
stong, g. stangar,
from
from
the
the
staple, bar
from
obstinate
above.
Sc.
stopple.
staipeal, stapuU,
Eng. staple.
stappil, Eng.
OF
345
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
in a river.
Dr
Cameron
stair, a path over
a
bog, stepping stones
waterside
Du.
has
with
steiger,
stairs,
suggested connection
'?
stair.
For
from
*^ar, cross
(see thar)
Eng.
s-tar,
also
noise ;
dairireach, q.v.
stairirich, a rattling, a rumbhng
For
stdirn,
s-dairirich.
grain, star,
st^irn,
from
(as
noise
tread
for
noise
beam
cross
"
creating
Ir.
considerable
furore."
"
; for
great
Ir.
root
stail ; from
the
Norse
stallr,any
from
Ir. tairsech
E.
transverse.
tarsimm,
; from
Eng.
start
stat.
men
; see
see
tailce.
English.
s-talc ;
; for
"
; from
^s-tairn
stern
tairseack,
see
clatter, din.
staitean, great
man,
particle,
ostentatious
Eng.
push
stathruim,
threshold,
stone
or
Stairt, a
Stait, a magistrate
Cf.
violent
(Suth.), conceited,
stairsneach, stairseach,
"
horses), a
of
root.
stiirneil, stairneanach
stdirn,
Sc. starn,
; from
star.
the
tairneanach
see
quantity (Perth)
particle,small
one's
In
foot
the
(Islay),
against
of
meaning
M'A.
"stalk,"
block
shelf
or
on
which
another
st^n, below,
of a'
Stang,
stdn,
W.
(for ^stagnnm
tin
st^n,
Ir.
from
^fhoghar,
ditch, pool
Lat.
at, stafn,
Ir.
stampdil,
stamping, prancing
down
a'
^samhradh,
Sc.
stean
stagno).
; Sutherland
; from
stem
stank,
0.
of
bhan,
stannum,
on
analogy
now
etang,
Fr.
estang,
stagnum.
Sc.
sting, from
stang, sting (as a bee), a
Eng. sting.
stanga, prick, goad ; further
Stangarra, the fish stickleback
stang, sting.
; from
stang,
Lat.
staoin.
See
form
etc.
from
; from
sting,
Norse
42
346
ETYMOLOGICAL
stanna,
M.
Eng.
stannart,
"
vat,
tub,
Ir.
from
tunna.
standard, yard,
barrel
vat,
stanna,
See
to7ine.
DICTIONARY
limit
; from
the
It
Eng.
also
means
affected
coyness."
Norse
steik,
staoi^, a collop, steak, Ir. staoig, M. Ir. stdic ; from
steak
K.
Eng.
Meyer),
(Stokes,
stan.
staoin, pewter, tin ; see
staoin
staoin, juniper, caoran
:
laziness
staoin,
:
shallow
staon, bent, awry,
:
(Hend.), Ir. staon
staorum, bending of the body to a side ; for staon-um.
Sc. stappack (do.),
of meal
and
cold water
stapag*, a mixture
; from
stap, mix, hash, Norse
stappa,
bray
in
mortar,
staplaich,
sea
:
stapull, a bar, bolt, staple ; see staipeal.
starach, cunning, deceitful
(Suth.) :
starachd, romping, blustering (M'A.) :
fellow
starbhanach, a strong, robust
:
firm
Norse
from
starcach,
starkr, strong, Eng., Ger. sta7''k.
;
Starr, shove, dash, starradh, pushing violently, dashing against,
tion,
a
failingor freak, cnap-starradh, a stumbling-block, obstrucball on
of a spear
the end
a
; cf. starr-{shuileach).
starr-f hiacail, a tusk
starr
or
gag-tooth, Ir. stairfhiacail; from
loud
and
noise, noise
of the
fiacail.
starr-shuileach,
(M'A.)
the
having
; cf. Norse
distorted, stard,
eyes
starhlindr,
blind
with
moon-eye
0. H. G.
cataract,
"
Sc.
stare,
Eng.
starahlind, Ger.
st^ta, the
steach, a
tech,
state
or
; from
Government
teach.
steadhainn,
Ir.
Cf.
isa
the
Ir.
"
fixed
Eng.
steach, a
"^in-san-tech, "into
tech:
look,
steach,
the
M.
house;"
Ir.
is
from
stigh.
firm, pointed
or
punctual
in
speech (M'A.)
; cf.
Eng.
steady.
steeth,foundation,
steethe,to found.
"
steill,a
steilleach
pin
or
peg
OF
THE
GAELIC
for
things hung
347
LANGUAGE.
; cf. Sc.
steli,a
steady, solid,from
steinle, the itch, mange,
prop,
; cf.
steidheil,
steidh.
Ir. steinle
(Lh.,etc.);from
teine, fire*?
or
thing standing (or sticking) upward, an
person
any
attendant
(steocair also) ; from Sc. stog, stug, stook, stubble,
steoc,
stick.
;
from
Norse
See
stiall, a
board
stjorna (do.),stjorn,
stiuir.
Ir. sted
Ag.
; from
S.
steed.
rafter,
0.
H.
G.
0.
Fr.
esteil,pole,
Lat.
astella, splinter,
or
from
348
ETYMOLOGICAL
stiuireag, gruel
sturoch, a
from
the
Sc.
meal
drink,
warm
DICTIONARY
stooradrink, stourreeUj
mixed, from stoor, to
stooram,
and
water
stir,agitate.
Cf,
Norse
thrust
; from
stob, a side-form
Eng. stub, M. Eng.
of
Sc.
stobbi,a stump,
the Eng.
; from
stove
(So.),
Eng.
stobaim, stab,
stab.
stobh,
fix
stob.
',
the
into
smaller
stock.
end
Gadelic
Eng.
stocain, a stocking, Ir.
stoim, a particle,whit,
Sc.
stoirm,
of
reed,
from
Eng.
glimpse of anything (Dial.);
from
oaten
is borrowed.
; from
stoca
faintest
the
Ir.
storm,
Ger.
stoirm
from
Norse
wooden
stoop,
stiihl.
vessel
for
pail ; from
gallon, Norse
Eng.
Hence
vb.
liquor,a
Sc.
Ir. stopa,
stoup,
stoup, M.
staup,
Ag. S. stol,now
stol, settle.
Eng. stope,
"
that
stoup,
now
from
an
early
0.
Fr.
strupe,
is, "^stropet,from
Lat.
stoup
"
or
Du.
stoup.
stool,
from
strumpet,
Norse
storm,
sturm.
stoll,Ger.
wooden
M.
Eng.,
an
stymie.
stormr,
stop,
with
horn,
cut
form
stor.
of
Eng.
concubinage,
stuprum.
str^C,
vagabond, etc.
straic, pride, swelling
a
with
anger,
straighlich, ratthng,
Ir. strdic
sparkles ; root
great
sprag,
sparg,
crackle, Eng. spark, sparkle, Lit. sprayeti, crackle,
straille,carpet ; from Lat. strdgulum, coverlet,
strang'air,a lazy,quarrelsome fellow, Ir. strangaire ; cf. dreangan.
streafan, film, carpet (Carm.)
Streap, climb,
Streodag,
strive
little
noise,
against obstacles,
liquor (Skye)
Ir.
dreapaim
; cf. dreimire.
349
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
OP
streud,
(Suth.);
line
row,
from
Eng.
street.
; from
Lat.
strepitus.
streit.
Ger.
Norse
strid',Ag. S. strid',
stri,strife,contention
; from
strianach, a badger :
strioch, a streak, line, Ir. strioc ; from Eng. streak.
Striochd, yield, Ir. striocaim, striocail (inf.),fall, be humbled,
submit
from
Str6dh, prodigality,
M.
all
in
st
stro^
strogh ; seemingly
borrowed
cases)
strew, Ag.
Eng. strawen,
Fr.
strupe,
(because
rather
from,
than
streoivian,Got.
S.
binage,
concu-
violation.
dishonour,
stuprum,
Ir.
0.
from
of
served
pre-
allied
straujan,
to,
I. E.
with
G.
Hence
stru.
*?
strolamas, mess
(Glenmoriston) :
stropach, wrinkled
(H.S.D.) :
struidheas, prodigality ; see strddh.
struill, a baton, cudgel, Ir. sroghall^ whip, rod,
0.
Ir.
sraigell;
sroghall.
see
(Carm.)
stuadh,
wave,
scroll,stuaidh-nimhe, rainbow,
leim, leap
0.
Ir. tuag,
stuaic
of
the
E.
waves,
bow, belonging
stuaichd
(M'A., Arm.),
Ir. stuaic
promontory,
has the meaning
boorishness," which
"
to
M.
Ir.
stuag-nime
Ir.
stitag, arch
the
same
root
(H.S.D. ),
^s-tuag, from
tiiagk,axe.
little
hill, round
as
stuadh
*s-tuag-c, from
and
(do.),stuaid-
above.
M'A.
sullen
wry-neck
countenance,
is usually represented by stuic.
extreme
Stokes
conical
stucdn, a small
N.
stiika, wing of
stouke, a
Ger.
shock
stitke
cf. stuaic.
of
hill, stucach,
a
Sc,
; from
Eng.
projection), a
bundle,
Teutonic
stook,
corn
(properly
building
horned
M.
horns.
bunch.
Eng.
Low
But
350
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
stuic, stuichd,
projecting
stiic
from
an
crag,
threatening aspect;
or
angry
above.
stuirt, vertigo,
drunkenness
dust
stur,
from
Sc.
rugged
turr
stiff.
starch, Eng.
suacan,
the
on
the
together awkwardly,
(Lh.), an earthen
suaicean, a bundle
see
suaicheantas,
F.
the
in
head,
estourdi, dizzyLat.
extorpidire.
straw
or
staurr,
Sc.
from
stiffing.,
stifinn.
:
hung in
(Arm.), a basket
to
dry (Dial.),anything
clay (M'A.),
as
Ir.
suachga7i
suath
twisted
hay
together,
deformed
sugan.
Ir.
ensign, escutcheon,
suaichnid,
from
known,"
; from
pot
of
standard, escutcheon,
Ir.
0.
from
N.
has
wood
containing
chimney
person
water
Eng. stuff.
(vb. and n.) ;
starch
Perthshire
Cf.
(Suth. R.D.)
sweeping blow
earthen
furnace
(M'F.),
pot
wrought
0.
*?
tdrr, q.v.
Stuth, stuft',metal
; founded
stuthaig", dress with starch,
a
from
sturdy,
by
Sc.
*s-tu7T, from
suahag,
caused
sheep
Eng. sturdy.
stour, M. Eng. stour, tumult.
or
hill, sturrach, rugged
point of a rock
comes
; from
the
sturr,
in
of start.
etourdi, giddy-headed
now
Fr.
From
form
disease
;
headed,
side
anger,
suaitheantas,
(K. Meyer),
su-aithne,
easily
colours
su-aichintus, ensigns,
"
for
clear, demonstratio,
streamer,
aithne, knowledge.
suail, small,
(M'F.), Ir. suaill, E. Ir. suail, a trifle :
Ir. suaimhneach,
peaceful, gentle,
suaimhneach,
genial, secure,
1
"^su-menmnach
See
meamna.
peaceable :
liun.,Br. hun :
suain, sleep, Ir. suan.^ E. Ir., 0. Ir. suan., W.
^supno-s, developing into *sofno-, ^sovno, ^souno- ; I. E. root
i^ttvos,
sleep ;
sleep ; Lat. sopor, sleep, somnus
; Gr.
svop,
svep,
Skr.
svdp7ias.
Ag. S. swefn, dream, sivefan, sleep ;
suaineadh, twisting, rope-twisting anything, a line for twisting
funis
round
:
anything, E. Ir., 0. Ir. suanem,
g. suaneman,
inconsiderable
root
sognemon-,
trace
soga,
saga.
beside
root
;
a
Romance
linear
Stokes
segno-
sug,
soga,
rope,
finally
refers
E.
soga,
soga,
sail), Lit.
rope,
rush
to
suanem
Ir. sen,
trace,
sug,
Ital.
Port,
measure.
(whence
Br.
soug,
net
for
W.
syg,
leather
band, Sp.
Churwalsch
rope,
a
"^sogno-
stem-root
catching
segh, fasten,
chain,
birds, gin,
saga,
sledge.
This
Of.
suaip,
suaineadh
divorces
W.
hwyuT/n, hoeni/n, a
resemblance
faint
of the
351
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
OF
from
G.
hair
from
swoop
flash.
or
the
; from
Ir.
E.
Ir.,
so
Sc.
Eng.
swap,
swop.
suarc{c); opposed
duairc
to
Ger.
sour,
uasal,
Gr.
for
M.
and
rein"
sveg,
Eng.
^'sura.
sauer,
Ir.
upwards,
up,
q.v.
ments
linea-
or
svipr,likeness, look,
Norse
countenance,
cast
sivap,
swaup,
sugan,
tail,gin.
horse's
So.
; from
and
suaicean
the
0.
suas,
prefix
siias
s-, allied
the
Ir.
en,
and
final
the
to
initial
^s-uas,
of Lat.
from
of Lat.
sub,
super
"to"
"into,"
meaning
uas,
in
as
abs,
ex,
possibly
(Rhys'
Suath, rub, mix, knead, Ir. suathaim, knead, mix, M. Ir. suathaim
cf.
(do.), E. Ir. suata, polished down, root
sout, sut, mix;
Eng. seethe, Norse
sjod'a,cook, seethe. Got. suaths, a burnt
offering.
subailte, supple ; from the Eng.
subh, subhag
sui'eag",Dial.) a raspberry, subh,
(suibhea^ or
fruit
Ir.
suihh, a strawberry, sugliog, raspgenerally (Arg.),
berry
(Fob), 0. Ir. subi, fragae, W. syji,strawberry, Br. sivi ;
side form
in siigh. Cf. Gr. v"fi"ap,a kind
of
to root
a
as
sug
mistletoe.
subhach,
merry,
dubhach
:
Ir., E.
so
Ir.
subach,
"^so-bv-io-, well-being,"
"
etc.).
SUbhailc, virtue,
Ir.
sualchi
altram
(Dr Cameron).
'''su-alich
(pi.):
sud
sudh,
a
(Rhys).
suture
sow,
(only
Eng.
Sllg, sugradh,
sug,
suck,
See
imbibe
sugh.
opposite of
bit, be (see bu,
root
(Asc,
Ir. sut,
hont
planks
the
used
sew,
mirth,
from
joy
Zini.^
0.
Ir.
54),
root
sualig,
at
siut,illiid,illic,W.
the
; from
root
of
so
of
hwnt
; sud
ud.
between
seam
syja,
Also
Ir. sube,
{subhailce, Con.),
subhailce
virtus,
s-ut
0.
Ir.
; from
for
the
of
clinching
from
Norse
ship
of
ship's boards),from
sud',
suture.
sugadh,
Sc.
sugradh,
E.
Ir. sucach
S.
sucan.
352
ETYMOLOGICAL
corra-shugain,
sugan,
sugan,
suag,
rope,
Ag.
S. sucan,
sug,
such,
SUgh,
swing,
suck,
^sugo,
Eng. suck,
W.
Lit.
sugdn,
of
light
wall
or
of
straw
from
:
straw
of
soug
in
ropes
any
house
suagan,
soak.
W.
Ir.
up,
has
hay
or
suaineadh,
which
grain
of the
Lat.
sugh^ sughaim,
Lat.
suck
sugo,
juice, sugno,
sug,
suck.
(Stokes).
sucus
motion
supti, swing,
suck
*si2go-, juice ;
Lat.
from
sug,
(A. M'D.),
wave
circle
also
sugim
Ir.
roof
Ir.
straw,
suigean,
a
kept
sugh, juice, sap,
E.
the
of
rays
barn.
in
is
from
of
rope
Hence
q.v.
reflection
twisted
of
rope
the
body
luminous
moving
DICTIONARY
(H.S.D.)
waves
dissipo,
root
sup,
scatter
on
Siiicean, gag
sug, Sc. sook.
suidh, sit, suidhe, a seat, sitting, Ir. suidhim, E. Ir. suidim,
sudim, 0. Ir. suidigur, suide, a seat : ^sodeio, "^sodio-n, root
for
sed, sod,
calf ; founded
W.
seddu,
e^o/xat,eSos,
seat
Br.
sedd,
sit ;
azeza,
\ Lit.
sit, seat
Eng.
^suli-s,allied
Lat.
sedeti
sedeo
Skr.
Gr.
sddati,
Ir., 0.
sun,
Ir. suil
Cor.
heuul,
Br.
heaul
to
\
^sdvali-s, sun,
Lat.
sol,
sun
W.
Gr.
haul,
y]\io%,
Got.
Lit. sdule
( sdvelios),sun;
sauil, sun;
(do.).
suilbh, cheer, hospitality, geniality : "^su-luhi-,root
luhh, please,
It
of
Lat.
love.
influences
the
libet, Eng.
love,
meaning
suilbhir, originally "eloquent."
suilbhir, cheerful, so Ir., M. Ir. suilbir, 0. Ir. sulbir, eloquence,
=
E.
W.
helabar,
hylafar,
eloquence
labhair, speak :
easy-spoken."
Ir. suim, W.
M.
3uim, a sum,
Eng. summe
sum,
now
from
su-
or
so-
and
"
sum,
; from
Lat.
summa,
chief.
Ossian
Ballad
to
quote.
or
suiridhe, a
suireach,
(bettersuirtheach
Ir.
also
I
M.
so
Ir.,
surighim,
a
MA.),
suirge,
wooer,
woo,
*su-reg-,root reg, direct, etc. ?
:
wooing, suirgech, procus
M.
Ir. sust, suiste,W.
Suist, a flail,Ir. suist(e),
^ust, N. thust, sust,
courting, suiridheach
flail ; from
Stlith, soot,
huddygl
Ir.
Lat.
fustis,
suithche,
M.
club.
Ir.
suithe,
huzel
0.
Ir.
suidi, fuligine, W.
(Fr. suie): *sodio-, root
S. sot, Norse
sot.
Doubtful.
OP
353
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
Norse
sdlair, the gannet ; from
^illa,sulan, the gannet,
Eng. so^a?i-goose.
of suilhhir %
sulchar, cheerful, affable ; side-form
suit, fat, fatness, joy, Ir. sult^E. Ir. suit : *sultu-, root svel
swell
swellan, Eng.
cloth
suma^,
below
; Lat.
pack-saddle
pack-saddle, whence
sumaich, give the due
Sc.
sumaid,
salum,
Fr.
Eng.
sommier, mattress,
(as
number
cattle
of
L. Lat.
from
ultimately
Ag.
S.
a-dXos. tossing.
; Gr.
sea
whence
sauma,
sumpter.
from
pasture);
for
soum.
a
from
billow,
Ir. sumaid
summit.
Eng.
The
M'L., sumaid)
and
(O'R.
also
G.
seemingly
senses"
"external
means
(H.S.D.).
sumain,
summon,
the
; from
summons
Eng.
sumainn, a surge,
; see
sumair, the drone of a bagpipe :
Stimhail, close-packed,tidy ; opposite of ddmhail, q.v.
sunais, lovage" a plant, Ir. sunais ; also siunas :
sunnd, sunnt, good humour,
cheerfulness, Ir. sonntach, merry
(O'Cl., O'B.), sonnda, bold, sitntaidh, active, E. Ir. suntich,
spirited: *sondeto-, Eng. sound 1
straw
an
:
easy-chair of twisted
sunnag,
supail, supple (M'A.) ; from the Eng.
cf. W.
Stird, alacrity, cheerfulness
ckwardd, laughter, Corn.
;
Lat.
wherzin, ridere ; root
sing, speak ; Eng. swear,
sver,
M.
Ir. sord, bright {"^surdo-),is
whisper, etc.
susurrus,
referred
to the
same
by Stokes
origin as Lat. serenus.
billow
of
vent
SUrrag,
surram-suain,
asleep :
a
a
kiln
sumaid.
; cf. sbrn.
sound
susbaint, substance,
sleep ;
snoring
surram,
Ir. suhstaint
; from
Lat.
Ir.
allied
suth,
is root
milk
su,
suthainn, eternal,
and
Ir.
; Gr.
vet,
beget,
0.
suthain,
it rains
Ir.
0.
as
; root
su,
in
sugh, q.v.
;
suth, offspring,Eng. sun.
Ir.
as
suthain,
suthin
of
one
substantia.
noise
; from
produce,
Further
su,
so-
(Stokes see).
su-tan-is
T
0. Ir. tdu, to, sum,
ta, tha, is, Ir. td, E. Ir. td, is,tdim, I am,
fd,
tda, est, especiallyattda (at the beginning of a sentence), est
which
is":
( ad-tdt, Lat. adsto) and itd, itda, "in
"^tdjo,
stand
Lat.
*tdjet, root std,
sto, stat, stand, Fr. ete, having
;
been
Ch.
SI.
I
stand
stoja,
Eng. stand, Gr. larT7)fxi
;
; further
=
set,
(for(TL-a-TdiiL),
Lat.
sisto.
See
seas
further.
43
354
ETYMOLOGICAL
tabaid, fight,brawl
; Br.
Sc.
t^bar,
tabh,
DICTIONARY
has
tabut
of like
force
sabaid.
see
Cf.
debate.
Ir. tabdr
tabor,
the
sea.
Ag.
sea,
haaf,
open
S.
the
from
; from
ocean
open
Eng.
From
haef.
Swed.
haf,
Norse
Norse
haf,
also
Dan.
the
comes
hav,
Sc.
the
(Shet.)
sea.
tabh, a spoon-net
tabhach, a sudden
Norse
from
pock-net.
eruption,
forcing, a pull, Ir. iabhach, sudden
I compel,
Ir. tobach^
E.
compulsion, tobhachaim,
eruption,
hdfr,
of
dobiur^
bheir,
G.
now
q.v.
inf. tabhair
t, so
Ir.
See
thoir.
tabhal,
sling,
Ir.
Cor.
jacere.
tabhall,
toida,
fire,sling ; cf.
to
t^bhairn,
Br.
Ir.
taol^
taball,
W.
tafl, a
cast, blow
tajlu,
cast,
root
'^'taballo-^
tab,
stab.
Eng.
tabhairne
Ir.
inn, tavern,
an
E.
Lat.
; from
taberna, Eng.
tavern.
tedious
nonsense
tac, a lease,
tacaid, a tack, tacket,
tack
tacan,
root
sound
sven,
(see
; from
short
while,
*to-sven-,
tack.
Sc.
Ir. taca
time
the
; from
; from
Eng.
tac.
tacar
tachair,
arrived
he
; from
at
to-
and
car,
turn,
root
choke, Cor.,
anger.
Boot
tachras, winding
*to-cert-, root
tacsa,
Br.
to-acht,
into
and
tak
as
refers
angh,
tak
yarn,
as
in
Ir.
Lat.
Lat.
as
in
inf.
frequenting,
of
visiting,
taidliMj doaidlibem,
Ir.
Gr.
gives
(and ystagu\
analyse tachd
Eng.
ayx^j
(Prellwitz).
M.
Ir.
tochartagh :
ceirtle.
(Dial.),support, substance;
ledge, layer ; cf. spadh.
tacas
tadh, a
tadhal,
tagu
tocharais, tochardadh,
qert, wind,
Stokes
Ascoli
choke,
ango,
tacere
W.
and
Brugmann
taga.
root
also
it
to
Ir. tachardn
cf. taic.
tadhall,
0.
visitabimus,
Ir.
tadal,
adall,
dat.
tadill,
diverticulum
THE
OP
*to-ad-ell
GAELIC
^elno
from
Lat.
ela,
root
earn,
tagh,
choose,
root
Ir.
0.
toghaim,
choose,
gus,
noise, echo,
noise
of
Ir.
goir, agair.
electio
; Gr.
taste
gusto,
mode
*to-gusd,
taste
yeuw,
cascades,
water
invocatio
togairm,
by listening to the
toghairm, summons,
petition,
to- and
gairrn.
divination
of
Ir.
; from
tadbat, demonstrat,
speak,
I. E.
taunt
bhd,
and
phantasm
taibid,
eligo,
Ir.
0.
tacraim,
in
as
gar^
togu,
; Lat.
taste
Ir.
E.
choose.
Eng.
taghairm,
0.
Ir.
"^to-ad-gar-,root
eXavvio, drive,
Gr.
walk,
ambulare,
W.
M.
(Stokes),go,
yllyf,
355
LANGUAGE.
*to-ad-bat,
or
in
as
phantom
ban,
q.v.
G.
the
to
see,
"jidvTao-jj.a,
Eng.
Gr.
closely allied
are
bat, show,
root
teabaid.
see
taibse, propriety
bhan
Ir.
Ir.
of
speech
precision,"E.
"
Ir. tepe,
cutting
see
teabaid.
taic, support,
aicc,
fahan,
; Lat.
seize
Zend
etc.).
taidhe, attention, heed,
(see
Thoir
accounts
accent
being
The
uidh,
Lat,
root
Lat.
fast,
the
to
0.
Ir.
of
root
of agus,
aig.
is
due
dare,
to
t
further).
Take
heed
thoir
do
aidhe)
(
thy
word
is practically restricted,
on
vowel
short
the
of
the
G.
and
and
Ir., the
servat
Skr.
the
"
the
root
desire, audeo,
aveo,
The
the
for
bind.
peace
"
taidhe
which
joa^c,
Ir. aicce
Ir.
watch,
av,
dill
agree,
make
E.
refers
"^audi-, root
favour
pag,
iriqyvvixL,
Zimmer
prop,
Ir.
paciscor,
(Gr.
pagh
pag,
E.
bond,
bind
pak,
to
wealth, tacamhuil,
prop,
"
Ir.
proximity,
av,
phrase
phrase
which
sentence
verb.
hack.
taighlich, chattels
tail, substance,
(Heb.)
wages,
taile,salarium,
W.
side
taileas,
form
of
wages,
tdl, payment,
teaghlach.
Ir.
Cor.,
tdille, wages,
0.
Br.
M.
tal, solvit,
Ir,
root
356
tal, tel,take,
toll ; Lat.
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
'
hold
raXavrov,
; Gr.
tailce, strength,
talcdnta, strong,
talce, tailce
Ir.
E.
Gr.
*t-alkid,
alk, strong,
olXk-^,strength, aAe^w,
tailceas, contempt ; cf. tarcuis.
table,
taileasg, backgammon,
chess, Ir. tdibhleis, backgammon
M.
Ir. taijiis,draught-board,
tables, W, tawlback-gammon,
M.
fwrdd,
Eng. tables, backgammon,
draught-board ; from
root
from
table, Norse
tailebart,
which
halberd
chess,
tajl,game,
Ir.
Ir., M.
from
the
Eng.
The
regards
as
derived
from
Stokes
defend.
tail.
taileas, wages
; see
tailgneachd, prophecy ; for tairgneachd,
taille, apprentice fee, premium
(M'A.,
hallebard.
Fr.
the
halabard,
is
q.v.
who
tailleabh);
has
see
tail.
taille, tailleabh
cf. M.
Ir.
as
(M'A.),
haithle, after, as
thereafter
dthle,
taillear,a
tailor, Ir.
tailor, taylor,
tailm,
W.
tailmrich, bustle,
from
cursus,
Ir.
Br.
noise
teiliwr
; cf.
however,
Skr.
tdmh,
the
; from
tailmh,
0.
M.
Eng.,
sling, E.
G.
Eng.
cross,
E.
Ir.
(Stokes) ;
tairmrith,
(see tkay-),and
trans
tdmyati, choke,
E.
Ir.
Ch.
ruith,
tdm, plague
SI.
(do.),
Ir. tailm
"^talksmi-
"^tairmrith,
sin, thereafter,
of
talm, sling
; for
tairm-,
of ;
account
tailleur.
Fr.
tebn, laqueus,
tluka, strike,
taille, on
haithle
tailiur, W.
SI.
(B.
from
air
consequence,
toniiti,vexare.
Ch.
trans-
run.
*tdmo-,
Cf.,
rest,
taimhlisg,
(Carm.) :
tain, cattle, drove, Ir. tdin, cattle, spoil, E.
traduce
root
ag,
taing, thanks
tailineamh,
drive,
Lat.
; from
the
root
ten
as
in
root
tairicim,
; from
ic of
tairbeart,
cross)
an
^to-ag-ni^
thank.
tennue,
See
tana.
tdin
etc.
Eng.
(Arran), Manx
thaw
evanescit,
ago,
Ir.
I arrive
Ir.
tionadh,
E.
thou,
at,
Ir.
tinaidy
aiteamh.
*to-shdr
for
0.
sdr.
see
catch,
come,
(do.),tair,
Ir. tair
for
*to-air-ic,
thig, q.v.
isthmus,
and
ber
tairbhe, profit,so
'*bv-id,root
peninsula
of beir
Ir., 0.
bu,
be
^tar-bertd,
"cross-bringing,
Ir. torbe:
(see bu).
from
tar
(see thar,
portage."
*to-for-be,where
-be
comes
from
THE
OF
GAELIC
tairbheartach, profitable,so
Ir.,
from
"^to-air-ber-,
the
flux
up
Ir. tairbert,
E.
verb
yielding, giving
beir, bring.
(Carm.)
tharscin
(dat.): *to-air-ges-,root
agusi
Ascoli
0.
compares
oblatio, tribuere,
357
LANGUAGE.
from
Ir,
ic of
in
afFero, tairciud,
taircim,
to-ad-ro-ic,root
tairgim,
(Lat. gero), as
carry
ges,
Ir.
E.
thig.
tairgneachd,
tailgneachd, tairgire, prophecy, Ir. tairrgire,tairgire, prophecy, promise, 0. Ir. tairngire, promissio : "^to-airind-gar-idfroot gar as in goir.
tairiosg, a saw
tuireasg.
; see
the
cf. 0. Ir. tairissim^ sto,
tairis,
dairymaid's cry to calm a cow
:
from
in seas, q.v.
^to-air-sess,
sess
as
tairis, kind, loving, Ir. tairis, loyal, E. Ir. tairisse, true, loyal :
"
stable,"
from
to-air-sess, from
tairisgein,peat-spade ; see
tairleas,turlas, cupboard
wicket,
tairm,
Fr.
sess,
stop, stand,
(Perth)
aumrie
or
(Sh., O.R.)
necromancy
Sc.
tirless,lattice,
taghairm.
see
Ir. toimeach,
toirn
tali,weak,
Lat.
torrunn
see
q.v.
toirsgian.
trellis.
tairneanach, thunder,
melt
in seas,
as
melting,
tabes, Eng.
tamdng
from
"^taxi-,soft (Gaul.
Gr.
thaw.
(do.),
Bezzenberger
raKcpos
taisbean,
0.
Ir.
Gaelic
asfenimm,
root
is
(see taibhse).
testificor, doairfenus,
fen, ben,
which
may
be
exploravi
cognate
to
taissfenim,
;
the
Gr.
old
cf^atvo)
the
b by
regarded the s as put before
metathesis, the word
origin as taibhse.
being of the same
taisdil
taisdeal, a journey,
(Cars.),journey (v. imp.) Ir. taisdiol,:
"^to-asdel,
"^ad-sod-,root sod-, as in astar.
taisealan, taisealan
(M'E.), saints' relics,E. Ir. taisse :
taisg, deposit, store away,
tasgaidh, depository, Ir. taisgim,-K. Ir.
Zeuss
ETYMOLOGICAL
Ir.
taitinn, pleasing,
shining,
Ir.
E.
fire
taitnim,
Ir
tait- and
taitnemach,
shine, taitnemach,
*taith-tennim,
Pictish
nem,
bright,
shining,
0.
Ir.
ten
of
to-aith-tenn, root
{Bez. Beit}^,
Stokes
(Windisch).
into
taitnem
M.
to.ithneamhach,
DICTIONARY
112),
divides
albus.
namet,
carpenter ;
tdkslotdk, and
T"KTa)v,
form
cf. Lat.
Lat.
but
pdla, spade,
does
tek
would
not
produce
root, and
for
side
Foy).
(tokslo,
tall
for
have
to
appear
phonetics
G.
But
and
tore
porcus.
G.
talamh,
tallaid.
also
has
earth,
0.
Ir.,
so
Ir.
talam,
talman
g.
*talmon-,
for
tdlanii
t^lann,
tel ; Lat.
root
tl-mon,
origin.
talent,
Ir.
tallann,
tdl and
Ir. talla.nd
Lat.
; from
talentum,
ceall, q.v.
(Carm.)
Celt}%
E.
blockhead,
*tdmo-,
referred
;
see
to
(Stokes,
stamp
stamina
brownie
Gr.
stamp,
Ir. tdm
are
Br.
tdmailt,
stengo,
station,
tdimh, death,
tamhasg,
Ir.
crro/^ew,scold, Eng.
365).
abuse,
Norse
insult, oftence,
I. E.
fonn.
honour
stemh, abuse,
Eng.
M.
G.
to
talmaich,
tamailt, an
and
0.
talent.
Eng.
tamh,
tellus, earth
Usually
seas.
tdmh,
rest,
root.
same
For
amhas.
see
Eev.
stdm,
root
the
Jubainville
termination,
cf.
uruisg, tan7iaf"g.
tamhladh,
tamuU,
a
a
gulping
while,
movement
space
of
(M'D.)
time,
Ir.
tamall
^to-ad-melno-,
See
mall.
from
OF
tan, time,
quando
quum,
Root
; Skr.
time
*tand,
tan, 0.
an
raw-,
thin
Cor.
Ir. tan,
duration,
tan,
in
as
tana,
q.v.
but
tanaw,
; Lat.
SI. tmuhU
t^naiste,
; Skr.
tinually.
con-
tana,
Br.
tanoiv,
intain, intan,
*tanavo-,
Ch.
Ir. tan,
tan, when,
an
359
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
W.
teneu
Gr.
ravao?,
Ger.
diinn
tanu.
tenant,
heir, tanist, anything second, Ir. tdnaiste, lieusecond
heir
in command,
apparent, 0. Ir. tdnaise,
talionem
secundus,
innimthdna,
:
alternation,
imthanu,
of ath, "re," Skr.
root
"^to-atn-,
at
at, also ^at-s-men, of dm,
next
time,
q.v.
(Strachan).
with
tancard,
tannas,
a
tu
till,Lat.
tan,
an
Rhys
Ir. tancdrd
tankard,
tannasg",
taobh,
W.
tenus, root
; from
ten
(no
the
root
root
tan
nection
con-
?).
Eng.
apparition, ghost
; from
of tana
bone
staibus, strong;
(pi.); Lit. staibis,post, shin-bone
(pi.),
Lat.
(TTicfios,
stipes,log.
Eng. stiff,
strong ; further
Ir.
taod, a halter, cable, hair-rope,
te'ad,a rope ; see tend.
taodhair, an apostate, Ir. taodhaire
(Lh., O'B.) :
taodhal, frequenting ; see tadhal.
taoghas, the grave :
taoig",a fit of passion (Sh.,O'R.) :
W.
taois, dough, Ir. taos, E. Ir. toes, 0. Ir. tdis, massam,
toes, Br.
Gr.
toas
(g. cTTatros).
dough,
stiria,a drop.
crreap
staj,
concrescere
for
(g. (rrcdTO^
Gr.
crrai?
*stdjatos,*stdjntos)
;
Lat.
taoitear, oversman,
Eng.
taom, pour
See
tutor.
(Sutherland, etc.);
tutor
from
Lat.
tutor,
saoitear.
(n.),taoim, bilge-water,
(n.), E. Ir. t6em, a jet,
(taodhmaiTn),
taeim, sentina, 0. Ir. tuismiud, delivery, *to-fo-ess-sem: "^to-adlet go, from
root
(as water),
sm-men,
se, Lit. semiu, draw
sem,
Lat.
ladle
simpulum,
(Stokes). Cf. 0. Ir. teissmim, I pour
Norse
from
out
( to-ess-sem-im). Borrowing
tomr,
empty,
Eng. toom, is not to be thought of.
:
taom, a fit of rage, Ir. taom
(O'B., etc.),M. Ir. taem
full
Ir.
of
exact
a
taosg", a pour, rush,
liquid measure,
taosgaim, I
Ir. toesca, spilling, taescaire, a
drain, pour
out, E.
baler,
Ir.
out, empty
(vb.),a jet,torrent
taodhm
taomaim
pumper
*to-ad-sem-sko-, root
tow
or
Ir. tap,
Sc.
tap.
wool
tapdn
on
the
; from
seyn
as
in
distaff,forelock,
M.
taom
Eng.
"busk
top, tuft
of
hair
hook," (Arg.),
or
flax, top,
360
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
from
Ir., E.
so
the
alertness,
(Stokes).
obann
as
(R. D.).
tattoo
taplach,
wallet, repository,
Ir.
taplaigh
tap-lach,
for
from
tap,
etc.
tow,
tarachair,
taran,
the
tarbh,
of
(^^rdpfos);
Prellwitz
tarbh,
*tarvos
tauris,
tora.
Celtic
the
to
root
W.
tarw,
Lat.
buffalo,
Corn,
SI.
Ch.
to
tacharan?
Gr.
ravpos
auroch,
ttiru,
Gr.
Br.
tarow,
etc.,
ravpos,
tu
tau,
for
taurus
allied
not
talcuis, contempt.
tarcusul
targadh,
Ir.
tarvos
the
refers
also
tarcuis,
E.
Pruss.
thinks
he
See
of
tarbh,
Gaul,
tarv,
tarathar.
authority (Hend.) :
unbaptised infant (Sh., O'R.);
an
Ir.
bull,
which
staff
or
ghost
taro,
Ir. ; for
so
augur,
truncheon
taraid,
tapad, suddenness,
root
same
tap-dubh,
a
Ir.
M.
Ir.,
Ir.
E.
tarcuisne,
Ir.
ruling, governing,
assembly
Ir.
; from
targdid
targaid, a target,
Ir.
tairrghirim ; see
tairgneachd.
targair, foretell,
tharladh.
it
see
tarladh,
happened ;
tarlaid, a slave, thrall ; from
Eng. varlet ?
tarmachadh,
producing, originating, source,
dwelling, Ir. tormach,
an
increasing,
tdrmach,
an
(Skeat),
ptarmigan,
Also
tarmachan-de,
for
bearing,
*to-for-mach,
of
Ir. tarmochan
tarman,
white
dislike
tarmus,
ripe
root
magnifying,
mag,
0.
Ir.
(Eng.
power
etc.).
might,
may,
tarmachan,
growing
increase
from
Eng. ptarmigan
murmur
(Carm.)
tarm,
butterfly (Carm.)
"^to-air-meas
see
food
is hence
meas.
tarnadair,
tarrag,
nail
Ir.
ringim,
stretch
tarraid,
see
tdirng.
pull, draw,
tarruing,
E.
also
so
hang,
Ir., E.
tear,
(see ruighe).
t^arraid, sheriff
Ir.
from
tairrngim
reng,
*to-air-rengim, from
nasalised
officer,tipstaff(Dial.);
form
see
of reg,
earraid.
OF
tarsuinn, transverse,
tarsnu,
across
ursainn,
GAELIC
THE
Ir. tarsna,
across,
from
361
LANGUAGE.
tar,
tarsa,
and
thar),
(see
across
M.
trasna,
Ir.,E.
Ir.
sainn
of
q.v.
durst,
tart, thirst, Ir., 0. Ir. tart : *tar{s)to-; Eng. thurst, Ger.
Gr. rkpa-ofxai,
become
Lat.
tostum
{^torstum),
dry;
torreo, burn,
Skr.
Zd.
I.
E.
taresh
toast
tarsh,
thirst,
:
Eng.
ters, dry.
;
Fr.
tartan, tartan
tiretaine, linsieEng., Sc. tartan, from
; from
wolsie.
tartar,
noise
t^san,
tedious
reduplication
discourse
with
century
"
and
queries meaning)
Sc.
testan,
tasgaidh, depository,
testoon,
silver
{teste)on
Mary's head
it, the
inglis
8 shillingsScots, Eng. tester, worth
6d ;
the coins
from
XI [. (1500) with
of Louis
them.
tete, head) on
Thou
treasure
: "A
thasgaidh"
treasure;
"
attach
tataidh, attract,
(Perth),tame
oneself, tadadh
to
one
'^tad-dam,
(inf.),taiteadh
of aidich.
dam
root
tdth, cement,
W.
discussed
tathunn,
barking
(O'Donovan
"),
article
he
sta,
0.
and
(Hend.),Ir. tathuiyhim,
vomit
the
imthich,
in
rather
aith, back,
prep,
imich
our
prefers
root
she
who,
at, go,
(that is,
formerly
tdnaiste.
tabhunn.
see
female,
woman,
who
glue,
or
root
stand
of the
coin
taisg.
see
te,
slow
tasanach, tedious,
worth
(teste,Fr.
head
his
Ir.
tbirneanach.
in
tor
"
being
originally so called
testane
tar,
scolding,
or
it obsolete
(Lh. marks
tasdan, a shilling; from
16th
of root
Ir.
she,
either
says
Ir. inti,
"he
means
is(qui),indi
enclitic
the
ti,
an
she
or
ea(quae),
particle -i,
for
which
te, he
an
"
who
ani
or
person
id(quod)
n\, and
see
who
"
the
cf.
t\,
who.
bi, bin,
root
teach,; a
0.
house,
Br.
(rreyw,
in
as
Ir.
bean, touch,
teach,
; Lat.
0.
ti
Ir.
:
q.v.
tech, teg,
^tegos, g.
tego^ cover,
g.
tige,W.
teges-os ; Gr.
tectum,
house
ty. Cor.
roof,
reyos,
Eng.
ti,
thatch,
44
362
ETYMOLOGICAL
Ger.
for
(lack
usual
teachd,
in
tighinn,
lex
Ir.
M.
^tenctio-,
thing,
dele, cha
Ir.
"^tiktd,root
thig
it from
stig, steig,as
Hence
tig, q.v.
or
tenhu,
dele,
techta, techta, 0.
root
Ir.
become,
tenq,
chance,
befall,
techte, fitting,
chance,
Lat.
produce,
Dial.
tempus.
q.v.
tigh
messenger.
Lit.
form
derive
Some
legal, lawful,
Eng.
See
sthagati, cover.
0.
tiz,diligence, haste
q.v.
teachdaire,
legalis,
; Skr.
cover
case.
nom.
coming,
teachd,
stegiu,
; Lit.
taith, iter,
DICTIONARY
Norse
tjdd'r,tjor,
tjuder.
Ir.,E.
so
Ir. tecosc
*to-aith-co"c-,for
which
see
cai"g.
teaghlach,
family, household,
tela. Corn,
and
teilu, familia
The
sluagh.
persons
"
really
used
is also
youth
people," just as
noun
a
youth."
teallach, hearth, forge, Ir. teallach,
in
of
stems
W.
tigh
makes
single objects
for
"
teulu, 0.
*slougo-s
from
used
are
man,
young
"
Ir.
-lach
which
nouns,
oglach,
as
termination
collective
abstract
teglach,W.
the
*tego-doxigo-,from
Ir., 0.
so
youth,"
Eng. as
or
"
or
youngconcrete
"
"
lach, from
teine, fire,and
E.
terminal
Ir.
tenlach,
-lach
tellach
*tene-
(see teaghlach).
(M'F.) :
lusty or bunchy woman
Ir.
teamhair, pleasant, Tara, E. Ir. temair,
pleasant,
locus
delightful, omnis
conspicuus : "^stem-ri- '?
teamhair, time (Suth.) : Lat. 1
or
teamhall, slight swoon
darkness, 0. Ir.
stun, Ir. teimheal,
teallaid,
teamhaidh,
temel
(do.), Skr.
tdmas.
rashly,
teampull, temple, church,
Corn,
teanacadh,
teanchair,
of
tean^a,
; from
Ir.
Lat.
deliverance,
Lat.
tainsa,
teampoll,
0.
tenebrae, temere,
Ir.
tempul,
W.
teml.
temiplum.
teanacas,
succour,
healing
*tind-ioc,
\oc, heal,
from
0.
tempel
Lit.
Ir.
smith's
pincers,
tenchor, forceps
teine, fire,and
teangadh,
"^tengot-, from
cor,
seen
tongue,
stengji, sting
pincers,
the
stem
cuir, put.
teanga,
0.
tengad
stengel, stalk),
OF
363
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
Lat.
dingua, Eng.
(1ng:h,whence
?
Stokes
Oct.
has
compared Lat. tango
{Academy^
'91)
tongue
the
(so Windisch, Scot. Celt. Rev., 34). Rhys has considered
W.
with
tafod, Corn,
tavot, Br. teod^
probabiHties of alliance
older
in Manx
teaut
Pray.^, 136-7.
{"^tebato-)
which
teann,
is
from
zdng.h,
tight, tense,
stretched
Lat.
tendo,
Ir.
0.
near
*tendo-
from
terbaim,
which
W.
terfyn
for
tearr,
life
Eng. run
teas, heat, Ir.
for
See,
teasairg,
SI.
"
fail,for
(inf.), Ir.
teich,
W.
root
teplo, hotly
Ir.
defendo
end
"
iers,
of
race
(Ducange).
E.
Ir.
^es-rn-, root
rri,
heat
be
tap,
which
dpKeo) (do.).
help (Carm.)
See
"
teithim,
techu, skulk,
teq-, flow,
Zd.
run
E.
'^tesiu-,
tap,
fever.
tessurc,
ark,
Eng.
burn.
defend
servo,
Lat.
ad/iarc.
Ir. testa,
Lat.
deest,
fails ;
deswn.
Ir.
tescaim
^to-ess-sc,root
sec,
saw.
:
see
Ir.
0.
*to-ess-arc,root
Eng.
hot,
warm,
Zd.
teasach,
Hence
tez
tejjeo, be
; Lat.
; Skr.
tes, Br.
Corn,
teasargaim,
me
Gr.
off;
seco,
takti, runs,
root
tjara.
teamaim,
I escape
ernaim,
escape,
Ir. tess,
g. t'^sa, W.,
irresolute
flee,Ir.
for
landes
Termoii
or
terve, Norse
Eng.
tep, burn,
preserve,
teibideach,
be, cut,
termain, termonn^
Ir.
cut, Lat,
Ir.
ter{s)qo-s,rare,
Ir.
cut
terpiid, E.
root
Ir., M.
so
t^arnadh
deliver,
ward
teasdam, I
teasg, cut,
Ir.
a-Tevo^s.
tersquo-s),deserts.
from
dumesurcsa,
teasd, die,
lands"
M.
an
teas, 0.
save,
arceo,
M.
of tana.
ten
; Ch.
also
church
escape,
"^tepstu-,root
tepid
Gr.
Lat.
ternaini, ternam,
tesqua
; from
save,
"^
Ir. terc
protection,
by reaching
t^aruinn,
Lat.
from
',
E.
tearc,
sanctuary,
stretched
Ir.
tearc, scarce,
rare,
dry (as in tart) ;
tearmann,
Cf.
tight,
tyn,
root
reduced
Gadelic
^ter-be-,
teabaid
see
from
; in
terbud
W.
stretch, tentus,
Celt.^'^,
(Stokes,
case
124)
any
Foy gives sten ; N. stinnr, rough, hard.
tearb, separate, Ir. tearbadh
(O'CL), severance,
Bev.
tend,
halting, failing;"
disappoint,
theab.
E.
Ir.
M.
Br.
; Ch.
taka-,
techim,
0.
tecktt, flee
SI.
teku,
teichthech, vitabundus,
Ir.
"^teko,"^tekko, flee,
run.
Lit.
tekii,flow
I. E.
Skr.
course.
teilleach,a
blub-cheeked
fellow
(Dial.);
cf. meilleach.
364
ETYMOLOGICAL
te, from
which
said,
produce
as
would
tenne
DICTIONARY
now
usually
would
teine-
teine-siojuiachain,phosphorescence,
wisp (Suth.).
teinn, calamity, strait ; an abstract
noun
teirig, fail,be spent, die, teireachduinn
from
teann.
Ir. teiricim
(O'B.),
(inf.),
E. Ir. tarnic, it ended, from
*tar-ic, transire
{tar,across, and
ic or
nic of thig, thainig). Atkinson
joins it with tairicim,
arrive
in tair,but
the meanings scarcelysuit.
as
( to-air-ic-),
teiric,hake, herring hake (Carm.) :
teirinn, t^arn, descend, Jr. tearnaim, turnaiin, E. Ir. tairnim, 0. Ir.
'''endo,go, root
tairinnud, dejectio ( to-air-innud),from
end,
I.
E.
Lat.
G.
ed,
uidlie,q.v).
etc.,
ped, go (Eng. /oo^,
pes,
teirisi ! the dairymaid's cry to calm
tairis.
a
cow
; see
M. Eng.
from
teirm, a term, Ir. tearma,
earlier, terma("M.)',
=
from
terme,
Lat.
tiormasg,
tearmasg,
be
for
terminus
mistake,
Fr.
through
mischance
the
of
; cf. eirmis.
teo-,
testamentum.
to- ess,
in
as
teasairg.
tyst, Br.
test
Ir. verb
is
; from
teighim,
teaghadh.
teo-chridheach,
warm,
hot,
root
tep
as
in
warm-hearted
Cf.
teth.
teo-ghrddhuigheas, qui
teo a comparative.
teom, a dole (Carm.) :
amat,
teoma,
"^tepu-, Skr.
where
(Carm.) :
Ir.),M.
and
The
Atkinson
congeal,
M.
Ir.
as
be
parched,
in
Ir.
teas.
tnichdaim,
siders
con-
Ir.
*teps C?),
tep, hot,
fervidus, pi. teit,from
"^tepents,g. *tepe7itos,Lat.
root
tapus,
ardentius
teuchd,
te
to, do.
de, on
analogy
may
air ; see
seist for derivation.
teis,a musical
Lat.
teismeid, last will and testament
; from
teis-meadhon, the exact or very middle
; teis
Ir.
0.
Ir.
teisd.,teist,
teist,W.
teist,testimony,
Lat.
testis,Eng. test, etc.
The
warm
teb-,q.v.
teo, teodh, make
; from
inf.
Here
is
teou
tee, te,
tepens.
curdle,
Ir.
coagulate,
concretionis
coiteichtea,
0,
techtaige, frozen,
I. E. tenq, firm, fast; Eng.
tight,
"^tenkto-,from
Ger.
dicht,
close.
teud,
Skr.
string,
Ir. teud,
tead,
0.
root
tant
:
as
teugmhail,
"disease,"
see
ew^a*7.
tntd, chord
in tana.
a
the
meeting,
sense
of
OF
teum,
Corn,
Lat.
Br.
pi. tyrnmyn^
tarn,
E.
snatch, wound,
sudden
bite,
tinea,
tondeo, shear,
365
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
tamm
te7rim, W.
"^tendmen,
worm
Ir.
bite
tend,
root
revSa),
Gr.
tam^
gnaw
cut
Ch.
SI.
t"ti,caedere.
th^,
is ;
The
ta.
see
where
sentences,
thainig,
veni
tdnac,
Skr.
the
I have
reached
has
dnamca,
is due
the
to
Ir.
Ir.
The
thig.
see
which
aspiration
follow
tairis, over
The
it.
he,
e,
relative
in
ta
reduplicated perfect ;
brought : root
enk,
-qveyKe,
perfects
tairis, E.
Ir.
"
which
for
of other
analogy
come
G]'.
(?iank),attain, bring,
iiak
of
use
0.
thdinig,\Gmt,
"^ananka,
the
to
is intervocalic.
Ir. thdnaic,
came,
is due
aspiration
do.
it, him
; from
due
aspiration is,
to
tar
sup
do
or
a.
pressed, or supposed suppressed,
Ir.
0.
Ir.
tall
thall,
thall,
thall, over,
beyond,
quam,
ille
thallad
thalla,
stands
root
interjection : thalla
thar,
Ir.
across,
root
Ir. tar,
tharladh,
Ir.
accidit,
*to-ro-la,
the
(Ascoli).
theab, nearly
did
"
"
la
near,
in
as
(with
to
root
theid,
w411
mang,
go,
fall
their, will
thig, will
veniet
"
on
say
; Gr.
;
come,
q.v.
root
Ir.
tigim,
*t6-icc,
of adhlac
and
0.
come,
It
Ir.
Gr.
Lat.
failed
teabaid
0.
has
E.
eyK
tcit,venit,
go,
tarla
accidit,
Ir.
also
dol
(O'B.) :
tecmang,
root
ecmaing
been
ang,
from
referred
fly,
nanciscor.
^to-eit,*ent6,
fall ; Lat.
tic, ticc,venit,
come,
reach,
ijveyKa,brought
; Skr.
it
pet,
seek,
Ir.
ice, *enk6,
attain, bring ;
reduplicated perf. from
nank
buain.
pass
in
as
*to-ex-com-ang,
takes
fall ; Got.
from
Ir.
he
se,
in
0.
plu,
root
tecmaing,
for
Meyer
pet, pent,
ttltttio,
deir.
as
tar-,
rtiay, etc.
goes,
see
nank,
of
root
teid,
cut,
Skr.
dorla,
theib
Ir.
track, beyond,
of
do
accido,
Eng.
mag,
tor a,
remains
0.
perhaps,
reach,
"^pento, go,
form
troiynh.
dorala,
"^tehb,graze,
hang
Ir.
Ir.
inf.), Ir.
cumhang,
ad-com-bangim,
ol,
Lat.
tra-, over,
See
E.
do-e-cm-aingiin,
eventus,
The
see.
terminus
trans,
the
being
grazed
theagamh,
mayhap,
which
! well
W.
dar,
bore.
tarla,
it, from
! well
Lat.
through, past,
through,
ter, pass
ter,
I. E.
"
! thalla
0.
tar,
; root
age," thallaibh
(pi.),E. Ir. tallaim,
tel, bear
(see tldt/i,tail, etc.). Also
"
along,
"^talno,
away,
eile, other,
Ir.
thall-ud.
for
come
come,
take
Also
olle), alius.
ultra
ultra, al,
indoll, altarach,
*t-all, 0.
dnamga,
root
G.
attained
0.
Ir.
tic/a,
enk, nak,
thainig), a
;
further
366
ETYMOLOGICAL
thud,
of
Swed.
hut, whence
from
do-fuc,
root
Ir.
carry,
ges,,
also
whence
W.
chugad,
thun
ti, any
with
tiachair,
gen.
Ir. ti ;
tiamhaidh,
Ir.
M.
afraid
dark,
tiamda,
(Uist
fountains
is
dongas.
to
him
to
you,
chun,
for
156-7)
Zeit.^^
gu,
gun,
for
q.v.
ti, an
intends
a
te
te, ni.
see
(Glenmassan
Ir.
dwarf,
MS.)
tiachair,
E.
tiachair, troublesome,
Ir.
perverse
tiachaire,
Ir. tiadhan,
stone,
Ir.
dark
tiamdha,
testicle
stone,
E.
(O'CL),
Ir.
; cf. tiorail.
tiarmail, prudent
tibirt,
duk,
*e-ges-s-t,"^e-ges-s-m,
Br.
thee,
to
thun
lonesome,
gloomy,
hoot, hoot-toot,
is borrowed,
aorist
s-
an
^z
ar
hill, small
little
Sc.
analogy
tense.
chum.
affliction,peevishness
a
etc.,
Similarly
(O'Cl.,Lh., O'B.),
tiadhan,
bore,
on
toir, a
for
the
(1st pers.), E.
Cor.
ill-disposed,sick,
perverse,
G.
is
past
gcssi (Zimmer,
Ir., E.
ti, intention,
he
is for
person,
one,
The
gero,
thuige,
etc., q.v.
thug,
"^ud-ge, from
dug,
thugaibh,
thugad,
hoot.
Lat.
its
impatience
or
thug, thugas
ucc,
uc,
aspirated
is
of
G.
The
q.v.
this
especially
dislike
Eng.
brought,
gave,
and
tabhair,
and
interjection of
an
thug",
Ir.
form
hheir, gheibh,
of
DICTIONARY
Hend.)
tiohart.
see
stair
; Skr.
cast,
out,"
"let
out,
cast
has
till):
chwyl,
tim,
time
timchioll,
from
Ir.
around,
I. E.
TT^A-o/xat,
go,
o'o.
See
tigh, the
word
0.
tiagaim,
Ir.
tiagu,
steigh, stigh,
root
Ger.
steigan, ascend,
steigen,
stride,
Ir.
vomit,
Ir.
"^tigo,"^teigo,from
Got.
E.
come,
stighnute,
0.
teilgim,
Ir.
teilcim
toes-leic,
course,
the
from
tighim,
^svelni-,
turn,
in
as
the
from
till,pill, return,
being
tadhal.
itichtin),adventus
Gr.
o-Tet'xw,walk
Eng.
tilg,
of
Ir.
coming,
ttchtu
go
variant
seems
turn
while
round,
W.
(for
which
chwylo,
see
turn,
seal).
G.
revolve,
C^f. fill.
Eng.
a
qel,
circuit,
move,
go
so
Ir.,
; Lat.
0.
cola, tend,
attendant
be, djjLcpLTroko'i,
huachaill.
Ir. timchell
; Skr.
*to-imm-cell,
celer,
swift
cdrdmi,
Gr.
move,
OF
tinn, sick,
Ir.
teinn.
E.
tinn^
Cf.
THE
0.
Ir.
Ir.
367
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
tind
^tenni-, root
tinaim,
ten
Lat.
evanesco,
of tana,
teann,
attenuo,
Eng.
attenuate.
tinne,
of tana.
tioba,
Cf.
Norse
ftiobartj
well,
Ir.
tiobrad,
*berv6, seethe,
burn.
Ir.
]nnd,
tinne, chalybs
0.
"^pkap,cfipmros,a
boil ; Gr.
q.v.
Lat.
grasp
soft, timid, G.
eagerly,
tioma,
fear, Eng.
tiomnadh,
will
the
ne,
or
of
ne
snatch
Lat.
to
doubt
of
the
temppu-,
hrunne7L,
; Skr.
0.
Ir.
tindnacul,
nank,
to-ind-nank-, root
; also
enk
root
adhlac,
and
Ir.
tiolpaim
thig,
in
as
q.v.
Ir.
tenderness,
fear
testament,
tern, faint,
faint, Zd.
Ir.
Ir.
time, fear, E.
"^temmi-, root
taw,, to
tam,
0.
tiomna,
tim,
timeo,
Lat.
perish.
Ir. timne
*to-imm-
mittere
of -an-, mandare,
being the remains
Ir. adroni, deposuit, iminerdni,
delegavit, G.
tympannm^
difference
; Ger.
(Ascoli); cf. 0.
aithne, command,
q.v.
instrument"
tiompan, a musical
cymbal, drum, E. Ir. tiompan,
from
tidnacul,
tiodhlaic, bury,
space,
tiolp, snatch,
tiom,
Ir.
yianciscor, obtain
also
short
well
tobar.
tiolam,
ten
diaphragm.
Hence
root
G.
See
bring, get,
the
from
; from
E.
Eng.
tiodhlac,
0.
Ir.
tinne, flitch, E.
Ir.
M.
column,
Jieap (Arg.)
of
connection
chord
Ir.
tiompdn,
stringed
drum
Ir. and
E.
; and
string.
or
small
timbrel,
between
meaning
cymbal,
(Windisch).
Lat.
has
Stokes
Lit.
tabor,
instrument
gives the
tcmpiii, stretch,
caused
some
Celtic
Ch.
The
root
as
SI. tetiva,
chorda.
tiomsach,
collecting, bringing
timmsugud
together,
"^to-imm-sag-,root
Ir.
E.
tiomsughadh,
Ir.
in
ionnsuidh, q.v.
tindlaim, tinolaim, do-in-ola,
sag
as
Lat.
would
rather
Corn,
mean
cuntell, 0.
borrowed
tionnail,
"
from
likeness
Lat.
of any
go
Br.
out,"
"
go
contidlet,
oflf." W.
but
cynmdl,
according
are,
pac,
bind.
*od-lu-
gathering.
to
Ernault,
contuli.
person
or
thing
^t-ionnail, from
ionnan,
like.
Ir.
tintuda
tiontodh, O, Ir. tintuith, g
tionndadh,
turning,
of iompaidh, q.v.
root
su
tintathigh,interpretes : "^to-ifid-sout-,
368
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
beginning,
teasairg,
q.v.
:
tiort, an accident
tiosan, water-gruel
Gr.
from
; from
irna-avri.
from
Ir.
cf.
Lat.
giota, something
Eng. jot.
whence
iota,
is t-iot.
Ir.
further
The
tir, terra
''
is
tir, W.,
Lat.
{^terses-)
;
torium.
of
while
moment,
jot, appendage,
small,
dry
Corn.,
Br.
{*tersd),
dry,
to
sea.
opposed
terra
is ters, be
root
"
land
tir, tellus, la
Oscan
tit, an
interjection expressive of
(H.S.D.) Eng. chut ?
let us
from
tiugainn, come,
go;
as
tart
terri-
teerum,
in
perceived
being
wet
terre
; the
idea
suddenly
chugainn,
for
tiugh, thick,
Br.
tew,
dick
tiurr,
teu
; Gr.
beach
eyrr,
Dan.
o-reyvos,
of
gravelly
tiur,
tlachd, pleasure,
Ir.
so
us,"
"to
0.
*tloq-, of
attach.
thick,
Eng.
}"ykkr,
Ger.
fast, tight.
reach
bank
mark
Ir., M.
Ir.
will, q.v.
tew, 0. W.
W.
tiug,
"^tegu-, thick
out
orr.
thugainn,
q.v.
tiugh, E.
Ir.
deaspirated
of
by
of
the
a
sea
sea
river
or
on
Ir. tlacht
for
a
an
t-iurr, from
promontory,
Norse
Swed.
or,
desire,
is from
OF
tUm,
of
stem
as
allied
tldg-s-m-)
"^tlagm (read
Stokes
and
Strachan
wool.
of
369
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
(wool),handful
teaze
the
THE
to
give
Jiocke^flock
Ger.
Ir. tlaith
"
Gothic
do,
to, from
du-
Jyu (\).
W.
has
Cor.
du-, dy-, y,
did,
Br.
da.
her of heir.
root
tobairt, flux, diarrhoea
to-fo-od-ber-t,
:
spasms
Sc. tappin.
of wool
flax on
toban, wreath
or
a
distaff; from
hhur,
tobar, a well, Ir. tohar, 0. Ir. topur, fons : *to-od-hur, root
bhru,
fervid
; Skr.
bruith
the
tobha,
and
her
root
a
Lat.
boil
well,
to
hhur,
move
bhrev
in
of
Sc.
mix
(jivpia,
quickly
tiobar.
; Lat.
further
Some
see
root
referred
have
(obair).
toiv, rope, Eng. tow, pull, Norse
inbhir,
from
rope,
; Gr.
bhru
in
tobar
to
abar
tog, rope,
duco.
Norse
tobhta, tota, turf, roofless walls, knoll ; from
toft, topt, a
enclosed
clearing, a space
by roofless walls, Eng. toft,tuft,
and
top.
Norse
tobhta, tota, a rower's bend ; from
Jjopta.
the Sc. hough.
toch, hough or thigh of an animal
^t-hoch, from
:
cladh.
"^to-cladh ; see
tochail, dig, Ir. tochuilim, tochlaim
:
Ir.
Ir.
tochar, tochradh, dowry,
tochar, M.
tocra, (ace.); cf. 0. Ir.
idea
The
is
tochur, placing, from
something
cuir, put.
one."
Hence
Sc.
tocher.
to
assigned
volume
tdchd, toch, an unpleasant smell, tochar or tachar, dense
of smoke
(Arg.) ; root stou, as in toth.
disease
of the eye in cattle ; cf. Sc. hock
t6chd, a
(H.S.D).
0.
Ir.
tochmarc
"^to-com-arc
t tochmharc, a wooing, so
Ir.,
:
; see
"
for
root
iomchorc.
tocsaid, a hogshead ;
tuft
of
todan, small
from
wool
the
Eng.
(Lewis) ;
N.
toddi,
tod
of
wool.
So
Badenoch.
todhar, manure,
a
bleaching,
bleach-green, tuarachan, a
todhlair, mastiff, better tobhlair
seaweed
bleacher
for
manure,
Ir.
tuar,
45
370
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAI.
'^to-od-gar,root
Ir.
goir.
of
gar
of taidhe.
toghaidh, attention, care
(H.S.D.) ; a variant
toghlainn, exhalation
(M'A.) ; cf. toch.
toithbheum, reproach, blasphemy, Ir. toibheim, blemish, reproach,
Ir. toibeim
E.
from
"^to-beira,
beim,
that
is, beum,
q.v.
roots
'^'do-fech,
or
seq,
tollo,tolero
toill, deserve,
later
toimhseachan,
0.
etc.
^told,
root
riddle,
Ir.
tlachd, tlath.
See
(Thur., Strachan).
sli
from
from
this
tuilliTn,atroilli,asroille,meruit,
Ir.
toimseachdn,
toimhseil,
riddle,
measure
from
toracht,
successus,
tvinna, twine,
of meal
Ir.
From
efficiency,bounty,
tairbheartach
^omAas.
; from
for
the
for
toir,
thread, Eng.
twist
Ir.
twine.
toireacht
Cf.
eirich.
processus
i^to-iarm-fo-racht).
Tory.
toirbheart,
(Suth.)
sensible
Norse
; from
toirleum,
tango,
derives
q.v.
twist
see
Stokes
tol
Ir. tuillim,
do-sli,meruit,
tomhas,
Lat.
veq
0.
Ir.
Rhys agrees.
( to-racht),tiarmdracht, pursuit
Ir. toruighe, pursuer,
comes
Eng.
=
Ir.
toirbheart, gift,
munificence
roots.
; cf. E.
Cf.
declaration.
toirmisg,
forbid,
"^tarmi-sc,
and
sc
Cf.
of torrunn.
tor
or
toirn, toirne,
from
sec,
a
so
say,
W.
Lit.
tarm'e^
seirm, foirm.
Ir.,
tarmi,
as
in
M.
the
Ir.
tairmiscim,
composition
prohibit,
form
of
root
tor
tar,
hinder
across,
caisg.
Ir. tdirn
of torrunn.
OF
toirnichte, foetid,
toirp, a
sod
"
(M'A.)
THE
"
high
(Wh.)
torf^ Eng.
Norse
; from
Norse
371
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
turf.
(M'A.)
toirpsgian
and
G.
torf-
Norse
Cf.
sgian.
hybrid
skeri, peat-cutter.
the
toiseach,
word.
next
beginning,
Ir. toiseach,
chief,
leader,
W.
tofisac and
tovisaci
root
(Lat.) "^to-vessiko-s,
toisg",
0.
Ir. has
occasion,
an
Ch.
SI.
also
do-fedim,
M.
0.
toisgeal,
left,unlucky :
for finding a
toisgeal, reward
toit, smoke, fume, Ir. toit, M.
state,
toisc,necessity
Ir.
seach.
in
as
bring,
toisg, circumstances,
follow,
seq^
vddhayeiti,
Zd.
Ogmic
I lead,
Ir.
opportunity,
journey, business,
"^to-sech,root,
duco
veda^
Welsh
princeps,
wedit, lead,
lead.
dux,
tywysog,
Ir. toisech,
0.
captain,
praestans,
Lit.
initium.
the
steami
Eng.
toitean, a
flesh,"
Ir.
scarcely
heap
; from
toitean,
Ir. tutt,
taUgeal.
; see
smoke
In
the
Eng. tuft.
this
derived
be
to
thing
root
'''tutto-,
tu, stu,
toth.
See
little
lost
t6it, roast,
from
is
from
Fr.
tot,
"
of
sense
piece
of
(see t(,it),
smoke
hastily roasted,
Lat.
from
tostus.
tolg, tulg,
tolc, W.
toll,
hollow
tolc.
in
says
Ir.
toll, W.
pierce, punch
; Gr.
Ir.
dent,
Br.
twll,
hammer
tvkos,
E.
tolc,hole, crevice,
Ir.
is borrowed.
W.
Rhys
hole, Ir., E.
metal,
toull
Ch.
*tukslo-,
Slav,
tuk,
root
tuk, pierce,
root
toll-dhubh,
tolm,
hilloch
"inch,"
Ger.
tom,
tollbooth,
holm,
hillock,
gaol
round
of
Sc.
holm,
the
; from
form
Eng.
Eng.
Norse
; from
holm,
Ag.
S.
holmr,
holm,
islet,
holm,
billow,
mound,
hill.
Ir. torn, M.
'^tum.bo-,hillock
Gr.
high, height
regarded as from
tunga,
Ir. tomm,
torn, Br.
rvfifBos,cairn, mound,
Lat.
; further
the
W.
Eng.
Eng.
W.
tumulus.
tomb.
But
das-turn, to heap
stom,
tomb
tom
has
Skr.
Skr.
been
stamba,
"busch."
see
somalta.
M.
Ir.
^to-mat-,
root
tomaithim,
mat,
throw,
0.
Ir. tomad,
Lit.
metii,
g.
tomtho,
throw.
372
ETYitfoLOGiCAL
tomhas,
measure,
{^messu-)
Eng.
mensus,
tomult,
bulk
teuk, Ag.
E.
Ir.
S.
peoh,
^tunnel,
root
further
Lat.
the
(as
beat,
t tonn,
swell
tunna,
cask,
woman's
terebra
give,
rat, ra,
boar,
Br.
0.
Ir.,
turch
Celtic
species
torr,
Skr.
a
of
so
E.
tonn,
Ir.
the
tundo,
Lat.
skin,
hair
of the
(9th cent.)
tunica.
*taratro-
Cf.
Ir., 0.
Ir.
torad
rath,
q.v.
torain,
tor, bore,
Ir.
M.
Ir.
W.
tore,
car,
Ir. tor,
break
means
(O'B.),
sound
to
torch,
uircean,
in
torr,
with
Ir. turcan%
(vb.),
Ir.
pieces, crndmi,
"crowd"
of
hold
in
q.v.
I. E.,
Stokes
(Carm.)
tor
tower,
chair, fell, 0.
tor
break
W.
is
G.
possibly
and
twr.
E.
Ir.
difficiscor,root
see
Cor.
enclose,
the
that
crion.
torrunn.
tver, hold,
root
rr,
tourc^h,
*turco-s.
as
carrot,
; from
Some
Br.
Eng. farroiv.
tordn
tuir, d. turid,
tower.
G.
Cor.
twrch,
Lit. parsza-s,
porcus.
^raio-,
from
toral
in
*orko-,
from
Lat.
reperpov
maggots
W.
tarater,
*to-rad,
corn
as
Cor.
Gr.
thar.
as
0.
tarathar,
in
in
(Carm.)
purling
TvpcTLs,
also
Ir.
bere, biforked
*turi-, *turet-,
Lat.
Lat.
Low
Lat.
"^torko-s,Jubainville
as
hill of conic
E.
it with
torchar,
torghan,
swell
gives
rind, surface,
from
ker,
tonn
Jyjota, whistle
Norse
possibly
Eng. ton.
now
E.
Ir.
Lat.
cleft, notch
torehar,
ton, Br.
Stokes
skin,
tonnenn,
plaid
^t-orko-s,
porko-s, swine,
torean,
hide,
whence
tarar
as
grub-worm,
(Con., etc.); from
Br.
ter, through,
root
toranach,
gives
(Strachan,
flood, tvinti,
thumb.
correlated
tonn,
or
tarazr,
produce, fruit,
root
root
tud-, push.
tarachair,
Br.
taradr,
toradh,
Corn,
W.,
tvanas,
have
Skr.
shawl
Ir.
augur,
0.
G.
is
tunic.
tonach,
tore,
Some
wine-skin,"
"
*theuha-
Teut.
J?edtan, howl,
skin, hide,
tunnd,
Allied
measure.
Ir. tonii,
Lit.
S.
cutis,
tonn,
thigh,
0.
Ag.
tund, tud,
W.
surface,
tore,
metiory
large, bulky :
'^tuknd, tukno(Welsh),
swell, Eng.
tumeo,
wind, etc.).
root
head
tora,
me,
mus
Lat.
tu, swell.
Ir. tond,
tu,
tin
Eug.
tonnag,
measure
somalta,
W.
ton,
^tundd,
as
Cf.
root
Ir., E.
wave,
Celtic
tomad.
; from
Stokes)
a
met,
where
^to-mus,
fxkrpov,a
; Gr.
measure
also
Ir.,
anus,
tonn,
root
tomus
q.v.
meas,
ton,
from
comes
Ir.
0.
Ir.,
so
Dictionary
for
tur, Br.
Lat.
torth
tour
turris,
is borrowed
Celtic
Ir., and
castle, crest,
:
Gr.
from
(cf. '^turet-). It
"heap" also in W.
THE
OP
torrach, pregnant,
Ir.
*torth-aco-^ from
bellied,
has
373
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
fruitful,
torrach, pregnant,
*torato-^ toradh, fruit, q.v.
been
tor, belly, G.
from
E.
Ir. torrach
W.
tarr,
Ir. toran,
Cor.
tarann,
sound
; Lit.
Thor,
and
E.
Ir.
Gaul.
tairnea7iach
Ir.,
so
0.
Skr.
tost
0.
N.
tosgair,
an
Gaulish
root.
"^tusto-,root
tus,
teus,
Pruss.
tush, silere,tushnim,
in
calm
Of.
tichu,
=
clos
(Banff),
tusk-spawd
peats.
or
whence
Slav,
silently, tos,
tusk
ropos,
Jove
Shet.
tushker,
torfskeri, turf-cutter.
ambassador
See
toisg.
tostal,
arrogance,
violation
Gr.
of the
(Hend.).
the Eng.
tosg",a tusk ; from
tosg, a hack, gash, dent (Wh.) :
Sc.
tosg", a peat-cutter (Dial.) ; from
and
tuskar
(Ork.
Sh.), tusk, cut
from
the
thunder,
torand,
grade
an
:
Ir.
^toranno-s
Taranis,
show
Ir.
E.
noise,
tonitruum
taran,
great
tarti, say.
G.
tosd, silence,
silent
attending,
torrunn, thunder,
W.
torradh,
Ir.
torradh
watching
big-
torwy
compared,
(torradh, H.S.D.), burial, funeral solemnities,
or
watching
waking of the dead, E. Ir. torroma,
post,
or
Ir.
toisg,
journey,
business.
toichiosdal
tosdal,
^to-con-sal,
Ir.
from
toichiosdal.
tota,
rower's
toth,
foul
trabhach
from
fellow
bench,
blast
turf
see
also
of vapour,
(trabhach, M'F.),
traigh 1
(R.D.).
tobhta.
rubbish
Cf., however,
Cf.
Sc.
stoth,
cast
drabhas.
q.v.
see
ashore,
toit for
the
root.
grass
fiorin
traibfieanach, bedraggled
drab.
Lat.
trabula.
trabhailt, mill-hopper (M'A.) ; possibly from
Lat.
trachdadh, negotiating, proposal, so Ir. ; from
tracto, treat.
Sc. trachle, draggle, fatiguing exertion.
trachladh, fatigue ; from
tradh, a lance, fishing spear, Ir. tradh, lance, treagh, spear ; from
the root
trdgula, a dart.
tar, tra (see thar), through, Lat.
traigh, the shore, Ir. trdigh, E. Ir. trdig : *trdgi- ; see traogh.
to
trail!,a slave, Ir. traill (O'B.), M. Ir. trdill (not well known
Norse
from
thrall.
Jyraell,Eng.
glossographers) ;
traille, the fish tusk :
trait, troidht, a poultice, cataplasm, rag, Ir. treata
{treata, Con.),
plaster :
tramailt, a whim
(M'A.) :
from
Sc. tkrang, Eng. throng.
trang, busy ;
with
sickness
traod, one
wasting away
(Hend.); cf. Ir. (Keat.
traothaim,
wear
out,
am
weary.
374
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
the
traona,
trapan, a
trasd, across,
trasdan,
Loth
think
trost
mentioned
early
Fr.
Cf.
Sc.
0.
trod,
has
which
Stokes
transtrum,
ti'-ast
as
and
also
trest, beam,
or
0. Ir.
from
transtrum.
trasg,
tragh,
rafter,
Lat.
from
above.
traste, Lat.
crozier, 0.
trawst,
borrowed
be
to
W.
I. E.
trean-ri-trean.
see
beam,
cross
thar.
of
tra
tar,
treio,ebb,
Ir.
traogh, ebb,
Ir. troscud
Lat.
root
^trusko, '*'trud-sk6,
See
threaten.
trom.
0.
W.
troi,
"^tri,root
trwy,
now
ter, pass
tirds, through,
tora, troimh
over,
Zd.
through
dre,
in
0.
Br.
; Lat.
(do.).
Eng. through.
over,
; also
Br.
Cor.,
tar 6
tre, dre
trans,
See
the
; Skr.
across
root
^trei,
in
thar,
for
lam,
see
ullamJi.
0.
Ir. tress
tri of
W.
trell,root
from
"^tristo-,
tri, three.
Ir.
OF
word.
W.
has
375
LANGUAGE.
Ir. treas, E.
GAELIC
THE
trm^
stark,
Stokes
C^strg),
strong.
Ir. tressa, W.
0.
root
treg, streg,
stregti,stiffen, Pers.
Lit.
refers
it to
the
M.
trebar, prudent,
treabh, q.v.
Ir.
trehaire, prudence
is its
pace,
dross,
copper
"^tre-sco ?
(treibhdhireach, Dictionaries),prudent,
Ir.
suturg
root
further
; treasa
leap, as in troigh, traogh. See treun
comparative really.
treasdach, thorough-paced (of a horse) ; cf. Ir. trosddn,
jump ; root treg, draw, walk, as in troigh.
treibhireach
the
root, cf.
For
Ir. tress.
upright,
; from
of
perish :
trancu,
durachd
in
as
treh
(Stokes),
treis,
while,
greis,
greis.
also
space,
treimhse
Ir.
treihhse, dreibhse
(O'B.),
(Con.) ; see
treisg, treisginn, weaver's
(M'A., Arg.), Ir. treisgin
paste, trash
(Con., etc.),dreislinn
(Monaghan) ; cf. Sc. dre.^sing.
treodhair, a smith's nail mould, Ir. treoir, treoir ; from
ire, tremi,
through %
Ir.
treprach,
treoir, strength, Ir. treoir, conduct, strength, M.
E.
Ir.
of
root
treasa.
treoir,vigour : *treg-ri-,
strong,
treg
Ir.
Ir.
M.
tre6raich, guide,
treoruighim,
treoraigim : ^trag-ri-,root
trag of troigh %
See
treabh.
treubh, a tribe ; from Lat. tribus, a tribe.
treubhach,
valorous, strenuous,
treubhantas,
bravery ; for
"^treuntas,
from
wdiich
treubhach
M'Kinnon
deduced.
is
as
^treksno-,
0.
Ir.
treg
W'hich
tren,
of
fortis,
treasa,
would
W.
tren,
strenuous,
Stokes
gives the
*tresno-, modern
q.v.
produce
treann.
tri
three
'^'treis\ Lat.
; Lit.
tres
trys ; Skr.
trdyas.
root
ell of
Ir.
triall, E.
tadhal
'?
Ir.
triall
"^tri-all,
"
go-
376
ETYMOLOGICAL
trian,
third
part,
third, Ir., E.
Ir.
trian,
W.
traian
*treisano-
E.
Ir. triath
"^treito-s.
the
in
Stokes
trei
root
ancestor
tre, through
of
6th
pron.
(Stokes).
Cha'n
trid, rag, clout, stitch ;
trileanta, thrilling, quavering
'eil trid
"
an
tor
word,
initiative
a),
the
"
G.
piercing,"
Eng.
may
"
trilech,
be
0.
song,
trillme, Sp.
the
from
also
strative
demon-
*em-ti, *en-ti
pron.
Ir.
is
"^trei-t,
the
is
-t
treg of
root
(see
origin of
tre,
ultimate
the
Ir.
trinar
ter
words.
t trilis,locks
from
Eng.
trill,Ital.
thrill
which
air
E.
cf.
Cf.
of birds.
trirech, song
final
; the
to
Lat.
compares
degree.
E. Ir. trice : '^trekki-,root
trie, frequent, often, Ir. ti'-ic,
troigh (Stokes, Strachan).
id
trid, trid, through, by, Ir. trid, E. Ir. trit, per eum,
trttavus, stritavus,
from
tri.
treas,
see
DICTIONARY
of
Lat.
hair,
tricia,
(obs.),E. Ir.
Ir. trilis
trica, plait,Gr.
triliss ; cf.
Tpi\a,
Eng.
three
in
tress,
parts,
root
tri, three.
Miss
Freer)
(drilleachan, M'A.),
the
pied
oyster-
catcher, sea-piet :
trillsean
(drillsean, M'A.),
trilisedn,torch, lantern,
"
trinnseir,
lantern,
earlier
glimmer, Ir.
trilsen,facula, trillsech,sparkling
piercing," from
tre, ter, as
plate, trencher, Ir. trinsiur
rush-light,
in
;
tribulatio, Eng.
trileanta
from
tre^icher.
Eng.
E.
Ir.
treblait
; from
tribulation.
%
Eng. tremble
triobuail, vibrate, quiver ; from
trionaid, a trinity,Ir. trionoid, trionoid, E. Ir. trinoit, 0. Ir. trindbit ; from
Lat.
trinitdt-,trinitas,a trinity,from
tres, three.
The
Gadelic
is developed from
*trin{i)tdti-.
triubhas, trews, trousers, Ir. trius, M. Ir. tribus, 0. Ir. trebus,
tubrucus
breeches, L. Lat.
(Isidore), tribuces
(Du Cange),
breeches"
from
Sc.
thigh
Eng. trooze,
(D' Arbois) ;
trews,
"
trouses,
triucair,
from
0.
trousers,
now
rascal
Fr.
from
trunkhose.
Sc.
truker, trukier,
tricher, to trick,
allied
to
Eng.
deceitful
person,
trick.
in tartan
triuchan, a stripe of distinguishing colours
:
triuth
triuthach,
(M'F.), hooping cough, triogh (M'A.), a fit
or
laughing
pster
coughing, Ir. triuch, trioch : root
sreothart
trobhad,
come
of
of
1
thou
*to-romh-t,
"
to
hither
before
to
you
me
?"
opposite
of
thug^ad
^to-ro'-ad,
OF
tr6cair,
M.
"
Ir.,
mercy,
Br.
0.
loving
W.
from
Cor.
tregereth,
^trougo-kai^ja,
:
truagh and car,
trugaredd,
merciful
trucarauc,
wretched,"
377
LANGUAGE.
frocaire, W.
Ir.
0.
trugarez,
of the
GAELIC
THE
the
roots
of
love,
that
gab,
to
with
tog
say,
the
ro
prep,
E. Ir.
PrayP-, 138)
Rhys
[Manx
compares
sun) : "^to-for-gab-.
(Dial.), busy dealing, trog, busy
of the
trog,
is
trash
See
tog.
dealing,
Sc.
from
old
barter, trog,
inserted.
bargain,
draw.
on
troileis,any triflingthing ; founded
Eng. trifles1
troimh, through, 0. Ir. tremi-, trans-, super- : *trimo-,
For
the
heavy,
Ir.
tre.
trom,
Got.
trod
0.
trom,
trud-s-mo-s,
Zeit.^S
Ir.
comh-.
roimh,
W.
tromm,
Cor.
trwm.
trom,
Br.
droman
Jew's
the
Fr.
"
208.
dwarf,
troman,
tromb,
cf.
mh,
or
distress
oppressive," from trud, oppress,
See
us-J?riutan, oppress,
Eng. threat ; Lat. trudo, push.
For
further.
other
views, see Rhys' Lect.'^,1 14, Zimmer
trourti,
G.
mi
tri of
from
elder,
(M'A.)
harp
Ir.
tromdn,
0.
Ir. tromm,
g.
truimm
; also
from
Sc.
(do.),Eng.
trump
from
trump,
trompe.
trombaid,
trumpet,
Ir. trompa,
L.
M.
Ir.
; from
trompadh
the
Eng.
on
Eng.
turret.
trosdamhuil,
serious,
fident
con-
trosdan,
crutch, support,
trostan,
long
slender
Ir.
pole.
trostdn, crutch,
See
trasd
pilgrim's staff,W.
for root.
46
378
ETYMOLOGICAL
tros^,
Norse
codfish,
DICTIONARY
torsh,
Dan.
]?orshr,
Ger.
dorsch.
Ch.
and
pitiful,so
Ir., E.
Ir.
SI.
wear
Norse
Gr.
From
Celtic
truaill, a
sheath,
trud, push
Eng.
comes
Eng.
"^trougo-,miser,
refers
ment
instru-
carving
strugaa,
root
distressed
out,
worn
straucheln, stumble
Ger.
stroke,
tru.
the
it to
0.
G.
H.
of
root
druh,
Norse
compes.
t7uant.
Ir., E.
so
am
compulsion,
J?rugan,
say.
Trogos
Stokes
*troug-can-^
distress. Lit.
to
(Windisch, Prellwitz).
(O'B.)
can,
crrpevyofjiaL,
strjuka,
}"ruga,press,
Gaul.
tru,
strugati, scratch,
Eng.
truacdnta
truagh
expressing
truagh, wretched,
streug, rub,
Ir.
pity," from
"
Corn,
the
; from
Ir. truaill
thrust, Lat.
*troud-s-li-, root
Saa
trudo.
further
trend,
trod,
trom.
trualnim, 0. Ir.
drudilnithe, corruptus, oellned, inquinatio, illuvies, elnithid,
violator, from
eln-, 0. Ir. as-lenaimm, polluo, G. root len {len,
Ir.
Ascoli), foedare
(Lat. lino, smear,
truaill
into
der-uad-len
analyses
refers
the
Thurneysen
tru-, dm-,
trucis.
(Stokes).
dru-es-len
E.
(Stokes).
a
trudair, a stammerer,
dirty or
stammerer
(Lh., O'B., Con.).
Ir. ; in the
origin
in
as
Norse
its
as
base
or
'?
trusdar
habits, trollop^
truis, tear, snatch,
of
"
to
get
truss,"
out
the
"
the
only,
trux,
Eng.
throe
Ir.
trudaire,
word
the
first
sense,
and
likely of
the
debtor,
has
bad
Jyrjotr,knave,
from
truis
Sc.
trolie, a
Sc.
; from
truss
G.
filthyfood
person,
Or
fashion
scattering
tru, wretched,
person,
Lat.
of
root
is
same
been
origin.
dirty
intensive), while
the
to
Ascoli
1).
lean
in
{der-
obscene
In
Ir.
as
Ir.
it is G.
sense,
trusdar.
as
adduced
truilleach,
second
E.
truaillim,
truss,
*trus-lic-,root
to
eat
slovenly
of
person
in
slovenly,
In
the
trus
the
cry
to
sense
dogs
; from
the
triip, a troop
Eng.
truss
or
bundle, collect,
trus,
trwsa,
; from
truss
tortiare, tortus,
trusdar,
Ir.
Eng.
twisted.
trusdalaim,
truss,
See
also
0.
Fr.
truss
up,
girdle, W.
trusser, from
L.
Lat.
triuhhas.
from
Eng.
traitor
Cf.
trudair.
OF
; Gr.
tuagh,
axe,
Eng.
thou
M.
Ir.
(TV
so
Ir.,
teugh,
root
hammer,
comparison
tuaicheal, dizziness,
the
against
Ir.
; Zd.
Ir.
tuagach, hitting
Gr.
left-about
confused
Stokes
tukos,
prefers
with
*tuath-cell,
"
left
(north)
tuaineal.
Of.
Ir.
so
discussed
Ir.
dizziness, stupor,
^to-for~med-,
*?
med
root
turbulence
of
the
from
Eng.
(Dineen)
trance
swoon,
"^to-fo-neul1
Or
Ir.
vicinity,
aim,
guess,
leas-1
under
toineall,
ell of tadhal
root
*to-fo-in-el,
a
fashion,
Tev\iM,
tukalo, cuspis.
tuaiream,
*tougd
{*tug).
(Sh.), winding, eddying, moving
*to-fo-ceU (for cell,see
timchioll),
:
*lisso-,blame,
tuaineal,
tu.
tuj, hit
going
tuaileas, reproach, scandal,
from
tou
Skr.
tuachail, goi^ig?
"
"^^w ; Lat.
SI.
tuachioll
sun,
te
flail ; Ch.
rvKavr],
with
strike
hit,
tuq,
E.
tuag,
Corn,
t%
Priiss.
379
LANGUAGE.
Ir. tu, W.
GAELIC
THE
tuairim
also
tuairmse
meas.
tuaireap,
tuairgneadh, confusion, sedition, Ir, iuargdn, noise, discontent
:
Ir.
M.
Ir.
tuarasgbhdil,
tuarascbal,
tuairisgeul, description, report,
description, 0. Ir. tuarascbaim, for to-for-as-gab-,root gab of
gabh.
eirmis.
:
tuairmeis, hit on, discover
"^do-fo-air-mes^s
; see
tuairneag, anything round, a boss, tidy female, tuairnean, a
:
mallet, beetle,
tuairnin,
Ir.
mallet
; cf.
the Eng.
tuairnear, a turner, Ir. turnoir
; from
tuaisd, a dolt, sloven, tuaisdeach, unseemly :
tuaitheal, wrong,
left-wise, Ir. tuaithbhil, E.
tuath
and
tuathal,
seal
the
deiseil
see
left
hand,
latter
for
word.
next
root
Ir.
tuathbil
and
form.
; from
Ir. has
awkward.
flux, tuanlaig
tualaig, loose
(Arm.), have
{n. elided, Perth),
tuainig, tuanag, loosening (Dial.): from leig, "^to-fo-leig.
Lat.
tuam, tuama, a tomb, Ir. tuama
tumba, Eng. tomb.
; from
*taurio-, root
tuar, food, 0. Ir. tuare
:
staur, place, store, Eng.
store, Skr.
tuar,
hue, appearance
*to-vor-, root ver,
tuarasdal,
fixed
sthdvara,
wages,
so
cf.
;
vor,
Ir.,
tal, root
oi
M,
tuasaid,
root
Ir.,
; Lat.
tollo ;
Eng.
sta.
M.
Ir.
tuar,
an
omen,
presage
1y.
tuarustul,
Ir.
; I. E.
thole.
tuarastal:
taile,salarium,
^to-fo-ar asW.
tdl, payment.
tel ; Gr.
See
"
fhuair^.
lift,M.
tal, tel,take,
Cor., Br. tal, solvit
talent
Ir.
G.
380
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
root
sedd
Root
sed
"
from
of suidhe.
"
set-to
idea
the
being
Ir.
tuasg'ail,loose, untie,
tuath,
people, tenantry,
people
Umbr.
Lat.
totus,
all ;
Dutch
; Lettic
tuath,
Gr.
left
evoivvixos,
left,
hand,
the
that
tub
hence
also
being
Ir. tubaiste
tuban,
tuch,
{Manx
Rhys
(see iompaidh)
turn
or
asivy
hand,
left
aseu,
G.
tubbiste
the
distaff
(D.
of
tiompaiste,
G.
L.), Arran
of wool
tuft
W.
cf.
Eng.
M.
tubaist, mischance,
"^toutd,
^^jm^J,good;
Got.
is su,
"^ad-sou-i-.
"
the
; from
to"
Lat.
land.
tauto,
good,"
root
*toutd,
German,
Deutsch,
good-omened."
"
hand,
Ir.
"
Teuto-
tilvtu, populus,
Pruss.
0.
0.
tuaith,
tuath,
(adj.), left
"^touto-s
Tout-,
Oscan
toto, state,
tduta, people,
Ir.
Gaul.
tud,
tud,
W.
tuath, populus,
Got.
north,
tus, Br.
Cor.
nation.
country,
Ir.
0.
Ir.,
so
leig,let, q.Y.
lee of
^to-fo-as-lec-im,from
Ir. tuaslaicim
E.
releasing,
tuaslagadh,
on
hoarse, tuchan,
become
smother,
toban.
see
hoarseness
*t-uch
cf.
W.
Ir. tuga,
Br.
to,
patch
tectum,
W.
tvgim,
toenn
to,
thatch,
cover,
*togio-, '^togo-,root
tegere,
toi,
tog, steg,
as
Cor.
in
to,
tigh,
teach.
tughag,
Ir.
tuig, understand,
root
qes
of
ges
of
chi
; but
knob,
weal
tukich).
So
235.
has
;dso
pol, pel
root
"^to-od-cesi,
as
0.
tuic.
been
tu,
thumb,
Eng.
0.
The
flood, imrbl,
The
G.
stem
"^tidid, root
ZeifJ^,
tolam,
gives
tfila, tuft
Stokes
abound,
root
tuile
Ir.
; Skr.
the
*to-od-ges-,
gus,
flood, Ir., 0.
give
tucci7)i
tuiccim,
given
would
this
*to-cd-gus-, root
tuil, a
have
Some
tug.
Ir.
0.
tuigim,
swell;
Gr.
tumid,
etc.
r-uAos,
(See
ol, to flood,
Ir. root
foroil, abundance,
suggested,
as
in
etc.
iol-.
(Carm.) :
tuilis, overloading stomach
tuille,tuilleadh, more
(n.),Ir. tuille,tuilleadh, addition, tuilleamh,
wages,
addition,
enhance,
E.
deserve,
"^to-eln-,deserve,
Ir.
as
and
tuilled,tuillem, addition,
in
G.
toill.
Two
to-oln, much,
words
many,
Gr.
are
tuillim,
mixed
oil, great,
ttoAvs, Lat. plus
E.
more,
inf. to
Ir.
THE
OF
etc.
(see iol).
pollere, which
The
G.
from
tuille
of
syntax
Stokes
is
shows
well
than) as
(addition and).
tuimhseadh,
beating, thumping,
(more
na
381
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
its
as
force
comparative
tuille
Ir.
agus,
tuinnse,
agus
blow
tuille
in
tuilleadh
comhnuidh,
in
as
tuinneasach, deathful,
tuinnidh, firm, hard,
tuinidhe
Cf,
tuineadh,
; from
tuireadh,
relating,Ir.
"
clocha
being
settled,
fixed."
(as
run
^to-rim,
in
riiith).
root
rwi,
; for
root
aireamh).
Ir. tuireamh,
dirge, lamentation,
dirge, elegy
tuirse.
tuireann,
E.
in
the
death
tuineamh,
Ir.
number
see
tuinneamh,
Ir. tuinidhe
q.v.
Ir.
(I):
Ir. turend
tuireasg,
cut.
fire
of
spark
Ir.
saw,
from
an
*t""-rind
tuiriosg, E.
anvil,
For
Ir. tuireann
rind,
Ir. turesc
see
(O'B., etc.),
reannag.
"^tar-thesc,from
teasg,
q.v.
tuirse, sadness,
desilit
Ir.
Ir.
tuirlingim,
to-air-ling-;
tuirse, M.
toris,toirsech, tristis
Ir. tor,
for
E.
tairlingim,
Ir.
ling, jump,
sad,
E.
Ir.
Ir.
0.
Ir.
leum.
toirsi,tord,
; root
see
0.
tristis,sad.
Lat.
tuis, incense, Ir., M. Ir., E. Ir. tilis ; from
tils, Gr. dvos.
0.
Ir.
tuisleadh, a stumbling, fall,so Ir.,
tuisled, prolapsio, tuisel,
casus,
labo
dofuislim,
seleti,glide,
isl is what
tuit,
fall,Ir.
creep.
remains
Eng.
of isel
; Lat.
insult]
Ascoli
Ir.
sal, spring
or
tuitim,
Gr.
losal, low.
inf.
tutimm,
0.
root
"^to-fo-ess-sal-im,
ace.
382
ETYMOLOGICAL
tulach,
Ir.
hillock, Ir., E.
DICTIONARY
tulach
; root
knob,
swelling
weal
Lat.
rvXo%
; Gr.
tuber
tumor
tulag, the fish whiting, Ir. tullog, the pollock ; cf. pollag.
tulchann, tulchainn, a gable, posterior, Ir. tulchdn, hillock
; from
tulach
Ir., E.
*tumh6
tummim:
Ir.
Eng. tiyige,tincture
thmnh.
Eng.
swell
tu,
0.
G.
H.
tunne^
M.
Lat.
dip,
duncon,
Norse
Ir., E.
ton,
Ger.
tunna,
Ir. tunna
all
;
tonne
Ag.
from
S.
Lat.
tunna,
Eng.
tonne,
Stokes
cask.
Norse
(^Bez. Beit}^) suggests
borrowing
Kluge
;
of Celtic
On
this see
ttonn.
as
origin.
regards the words
tunnachadh,
beating, dashing ; see tuimhseadh.
tunnag, a duck, Ir. tonnog %
tunnsgadh,
upheaval (R. D.) :
tur, entirely, Ir. tura, plenty (tura namhad,
tur, gu
plenty of
enemies), E. Ir. tor, a crowd
(dat. tur) ; see tbrr.
from
tur,
Ir. tur
tower,
from
M.
the
Fr.
0.
from
tur, Lat.
turris.
tur, understanding
; cf.
M.
Ir.
tuirini,rotuiraet, scrutati
turadh,
dry
sunt, for
condiment),
of
ter
Ir.
sir,search,
to-fo-shirim,from
weather,
0.
research, examination,
tur,
so
Ir., E.
tioram
Ir.
"
turaman,
root
connection
press,
verg,
with
Gr.
Lat.
rages,
a
0.
H.
large
G.
arg,
fire
what
is vile
"^t-ur-lach,from
Stokes
urgeo.
suggests
gives Zend
Bezzenberger
Skr. rghdyati, raves,
compares
ep^xOo), tear
areza,
turlach,
vrg,
or
bad.
Ir. ur,
ur,
fire, Gr.
izvp,
Eng.
jire.
turlach,
loch.
turn,
turn,
job
from
the
Eng.
Cf. W.
; from
twrllach,
tur
and
OF
383
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
turraban, turraman,
rocking of the body, nodding, grief (turadan,
Hence
drowsiness,
slumbering
a
turra-chadal,
Sh.).
nodding sleep :
"
"
turra^,
accident
an
sound,
soft
murmur
(Skye) :
(M'A.) :
onomatopoetic.
But
cf.
toirm,
torrunn.
turtur,
turtle,
Ir., W.
so
turtur
Lat.
from
turtur.
turus,
tbiseach.
tuthan,
Eng.
tuthdn
Ir.
thud.
smoky.
from
See
tut.
Ir. tut, M.
Keating's tutmhar,
(Arm., M'L.),
slut
Cf.
toit, q.v.
to
from
the
of
root
the
word.
above
ua,
Ir.
0, from,
6,
ua,
0.
Ir. ua,
hua,
"^ava,
ab
Skr,
dva, ab,
See
SI. u-, ab, away.
{au-fero),away
o.
; Ch.
the
her
root
uabairt, expulsion : "^od-bert-,prefixed by ua 1 from
(in heir).
uabhar, pride, so Ir., 0. Ir. uahar, vainglory, W. ofer, waste, vain
(Ascoli): ^ouhro-, root eug, rise, Gr. t'^/ot?,insolence
(see
It
has
also
been
"^ua-her
into
like
uabairt
analysed
nasal).
Lat.
off;
an-
"
e-latio," elation.
uachdar,
surface, summit,
root
eug,
so
rise, be
veg,
Ir., 0.
vigorous,
Ir.
as
uachtar,
in
uasal,
ochtar
"^ouktero-,
Cf. W.
q.v.
uthr,
admirandus.
uadh-
uadh-bheist,
in
uadh-chrith,
monster,
terror
uath
see
below.
uaigh,
grave,
Got.
augo,
and
Ir.
eye,
Got.
empty.
uaill, pride,
0.
eye.
secret, lonesome,
"lonesome-kind,"
uaimh,
Eng.
Ir, uag,
E,
Ir.
"^augd,
uag,
See
for
force
Ir.,
M.
Ir.
dearc.
allied
So
to
Stokes,
rightly.
uaigneach,
veg
M.
uaigh,
Ir.
from
so
aujys, waste,
desert
Ir.
uaill,
uaill, E,
uagnech
otium,
; Lat,
0.
Ir. uall
*uath-gen-,
Norse
single;
uath, lonesome,
au^r,
rest.
*ouhsld,
root
eug,
of uasal.
a
Ir.
cave,
huam,
den,
specus
suggests *poumd,
Ir.
uaimh,
g.
(alsohudd, specu)
allied
to
Gr.
M.
uamha,
Trw/xa,
Ir.
*ou7nd.
lid
uaim,
g. uama,
Bezzenberger
("^Trtov/xa)
; Strachan
384
ETYMOLOGICAL
Gr.
compares
den,
uaine,
Ir.
green,
bed
evv-q,
is correlated
DICTIONARY
W.
ogof,
cave,
Ascoli.
by
uaine, uaithne,
E.
Ir.
Strachan
uane.
suggests
^ugnio-, root
possibility of a Gadelic
wet, Gr.
veg, be
wet
(seefeur).
vypos,
uainneart, bustle, wallowing, Ir. tlnfuirt, wallowing, tumbling ;
also G. aonairt, aonagail :
uair, an hour, Ir. uair, 0. Ir. huar, uar, g. Iwre, W. au"7', Cor. our,
the
0.
Br.
Br.
aor,
heur
eur,
Lat.
; from
hour.
hora, Eng.
Hence
q.v.
Dial,
Used
adverbially, like
E.
Eng.
uamhunn,
horror,
Ir.
Cor.
Br.
Bez.
uathhhds,
uath
and
uath, fear,
denote
excess.
Gaul,
aoun,
-obnos,
hi-abrjan, be
cfs. Got.
Gr.
E.
Ir. uathbhds
has.
uamhan, awe,
horror, E.
homon, rarely dmun, fear,
Ir. uamun^
W.
Ex-ohnus.
homan,
Fearless
(but
astounded
abrs
means
a^vw, suddenly.
Ir. uan,
:
pi. ivyn, Cor. oin, Br. oan
Ch.
SI.
dfjLv6"s
^ogno-s
(for df^vos)\
jagne ;
agnus
lamb
also Ag. S. eanian, to yean
or
(^aunon).
waterfall, heavy shower, confluence
(Sutherland Dial.), Ir.,
Arm.
E.
Ir. liardn, fresh
has
spring ; see fuaran.
uaran,
a
lamb,
Ir.,
M.
; Lat.
uar,
Ir.
Ir.
"
uan,
omun,
own,
fear.
; from
aivfully,to
uarraidh.
uamhas,
0.
Ir. itathmar
fresh
W.
oen,
; Gr.
water.
Manx
Zimmer
sorcery
refers
*od-ba-t-, from
it to
root
ben
of
ba,
bean,
touch,
ubairt, rummaging
ubraid.
obbee,
among
heavy
articles,
bustle
(Dial.);
see
OP
! ubh
ubh
ubh,
an
interjection of
Br.
oy,
GAELIC
LANGUAGE.
diso-ust
or
egg,
uy,
THE
?", vi
385
(?),W.
o'y/Seov,
egg,
Ir. og, ub
Cor.
pi. ivyan,
wy,
^ogo.s; (jv.
phonetics
Eng. iiliexv.
; of.
amazement
furtlier
Lat.
(oov,
the
l)etween
Eng. egg.
as
other
connection
ditticult ; but
the
languages is somewhat
is indisputable.
ubhal, apple, Ir. ubhall, E. Ir. ahall, uhidl, O. Ir. aball, W. afal,
The
ovum,
Cor.
0.
apfel
H.
ubhla,
Br.
auallen,
Ger.
G.
; Lit.
obulys.
ubraid,
"^(ihallon- ;
"^abaUo-^
Stokes
(]ueries
now
Eng
Ger.
apple^
o6.s^,fruit,
fine, penalty
avallen
and
Celtic
confusion,
also
dispute,
iiprait
*nd-hert-,
her
from
of
beir.
ucas,
ug^sa,
uchd,
the
coal-fish,stenlock
breast,
and
Ir.,0.
so
Bezzenberger
Lit.
'pdpas, breast
allied
gives ^o^'i7^s,
ud,
Ir.
yonder,
yon,
(Eng.
ud,
to
pectus.
E.
Ir. ut
breast,
St.
pxippa).
now
iochd.
See
sud
; for
Stokes
pectus
woman's
pups,
Lat.
from
pap
Lat.
For
[sat),q.v.
loss
of
article.
s, cf. the
Ir. ucht
shake,
Ir.
(udabac, Uist) ;
Norse
from
"^
"out-back
to
udail, cause
(O'Cl.), 0.
back-house
waver,
remove,
utniall, unsteady,
Ir.
uchtihall,quick, stirring
utmaille, instability:
ut
of
(Rhys).
cf. Norse
udail, inhospitable, churlish, udlaidh, gloomy
utlagi,
an
outlaw, utlagd',outlawry.
udail.
Cf. hidna/u.
udalan, a swivel, Ir. udaldn
(Fob, O'li.); from
udhar, a boil, ulcer ; also othar, q.v.
udlaiche, a stag, old hart (Arm.) :
and
to
udrathad, utraid, free egress
common
pasture ;
regress
from
"out-roacl."
the Norse
cf. iUrei", an
expedition,
sud-\-tamall
"
the
ug'an,
part of
gill (Heb.)
upper
fish
ugann,
Ughdair, author,
Ir.
the
breast,
Ir.
ugdn,
of
craw
fowl,
lighdar,
E.
Ir. ugtar,
0.
Ir. augtor
Lat.
; from
auctor.
coal-fish
Ugsa,
uibe,
being."
But
number,
number
uidh
see
lump
mass,
uibhir,
; from
(uidh),care,
uidh,
into
ford,
a
that
current
ucas.
(as
dough), iob
of
; cf.
faob
ojfa, ball,
quantity, Ir. uibhir, uimhir,
*ud-bio-,
"
out-
cf. Lat.
Lat.
part
numir,
number.
Ir. uidh
of
; also
Ir.
Eng.
(obs.),0. Ir. oid ; see taidhe.
stream
leaving a lake before breaking
isthmus
(M'Kinnon, uidli, aoi) ; from
numerus,
heed,
E.
a
an
47
386
ETYMOLOniCAT.
eW,
Norse
DICTIONARY
neck
isthmus,
an
land.
of
older
Hence
Ey, Huy,
Stornoway,
uidh, uidhe, a journey, distance, Ir. uidhe,
profectio : *odio-n^ root pod^ ped, go
Gr.
TToSos, foot
Eng. foot
accoutrements,
Br.
E.
Ir.
tide, 0.
; Lat.
; Skr.
near
Ir.
kuide,
pedis,
pes^
foot
jugum
;
'^ad-jung-mi-.
nook,
; from
iiidh
careful
the
in
(Skye, Lewis).
Uig
admi.
pi. n.
and
uile, 0.
ttoAAos
Gr.
in
Ir.
Lat.
"^soll-,
-wich.
nick,
uigean,
Hence
W.
"
it to
"^polio-s,root
pol,
see
iol-.
many
have
all, Ger.
derived
Stokes
it from
deduces
the
Ir.
uillinn,
*olen- ;
(ace), W., Cor. elin, Br. ilin, elin
ulna
coAt^v,iJiXevr)
; Lat.
; Ag. S. eln, Eng. ell,elbow.
uilear, enough, etc. ; see fuilear.
uill (uill,H.S.D.), oil thou, uilleadh, oil (n.); see
ola.
uilleann, honeysuckle, so Ir, (O'B.), M. Ir. feithlend, woodbine
0.
Ir.
uilin
under
see
uimpe,
tlin, tline, time,
her
Ir.
uaiji, leisure,
Strachan
gives
comfort,
0.
uime,
(
Hence
about
time
'^'ucn-
from
Norse
From
Ag.
wymvynyn
from
unus,
as
G.
windauga,
S.
form,
at
care,
see
for
nine, 0.
of
feith,
from
euq,
Ir.
wait.
okas,
Skr.
Ir.
M.
one,
vet
Ir.
fuindeog, fuindeoc ;
Eng. window
(^ wind eye).
M.
(Stokes, Lis.).
Lat.
E.
winnock,
uinniun,
uainicionn.
fuinneog,
Sc.
mu,
uimhi
ease.
Ir.
from
uime,
of
Ir.
uainneart.
windaege
onion,
;
reduced
from
0.
imh-shi).
or
(Carm.)
M.
it, Ir.
time, opportunity,
*ut-nio-, root
ut,
form
composition
him,
imb-sl
"VK7]Xos,free
uinich, bustle,
uinicionn, lambskin
uinneag, a window,
an
Ir. imm-
about
uain,
tumultus
uinnean,
Ir. mm-,
circum,
q.v.
Gr.
feith.
(Carm.)
coffer
and
meaning
*oljo-s,Eng.
whence
uille, g. uilleann,
Ir.
Some
oAos,
Gr.
sollus, whole,
elbow,
first
ttoAios),much,
philologists refer
{*oln6-s, Mayhew).
words
the
uile, huile
most
alls
Brittonic
aoigh
; from
Ir.
uileann,
instrumentum,
form
second,
whole,
all, Got.
adim,
Norse
place-name
uig'heil,pleasant,
Stokes
Ir.
requires
wanderer,
fugitive,
from
0.
Gadelic
The
jungas.
Cf.
cove
the
Hence
uilm,
uim-,
padyd^
Ir.
apparatus,
Lit.
Lat.
Ul
or
footstep,
ughaim, harness, trappings,
0. Ir. aidmi,
W.
iau, jugum, 0. Cor. ^o?^,
armamenta,
ieo, "^yougo-, yoke ; Eng. yoke, Ger. joch ; Gr. ^vyov ;
geo,
TTovs,
uidheam,
uig",
Eye
Eie.
Ir.
unio7i-em,
0.
uinneamaifi,
Fr.
oignon,
uindiun,
Eng.
W.
onion,
OF
uinnean, ankle :
uinnseann, ash,
Ir.
ind-huinnkis,
Cor.
on7ten
ash,
Russ.
M.
uinseann^
W.
on,
Ir.
onen,
on7i,
; Lat.
Cf.
loam,
aun^,
hesitates
between
"^urd
and
pdrszas,
uiread,
feith.
uireas, below,
uireasbhuidh,
and
Ir.
S.
Gr.
g. dire
humus.
dr,
edr,
^^s,
porous
"^drd
Stokes
wet.
vy/oos,
porcellus, oironin
Eng. farrow, porh
Ir. orcdn,
;
cia
down
need,
easbhuidh,
qiiamdiu
uret,
Ir. erat,
0.
oiread,
Ir.
amount,
distance,
time,
Lit.
boar.
much,
as
{^osinos);
E.
Ag.
*ug)^d,
uircean, a young
pig, Ir. uircin, M.
(do.),ore, porcus
; *porko-s ; Lat.
Lit.
ounnenn,
ash.
clay, mud,
wet
onnen,
ornus
jaseni.
Eng.
uipear, unhandy craftsman, bungler :
uipinn, a treasure, hoard
; cf. uibe.
ilir,mould, dust, earth, Ir., M. Ir. uir,
Norse
Br.
Ir.
0.
fuiiidseog, ash-tree,
earlier
*osnestu-
*osnd,
387
LANGUAGE.
GABLIC
THE
airet, length
are-vet-to-,
root
vet
of
of
ioras.
see
poverty,
Ir., M.
so
Ir. auresbadh
from
air
q.v.
uirghioU, faculty
speech, speech, Ir. uirghiol, a command
Ir.
(O'B.), uraghall, uradhall, speech (Keat.), E
uirgill,
Ir. urfliolyhill :
for ur-fhuigell,M.
uiridh, an uiridh, last year, Ir. annuraidh, E. Ir. inn uraid, 0. Ir.
urid
last
Gr.
Dor.
"^peruti; Skr. parut^
:
;
year
Trepva-L,
of
; root
Trcpvri
of
vet
feith.
sed
of
suidhe
MSS.)
^air-ailech, from
ail,
q.v.
airneis.
uirsgeil,
spreading
(as
of
dung
or
hay
dry)
to
air
; from
and
sgaotl.
air
and
Ir. ; from
uirsgeul, a fable, romance,
so
llis,use, utility; from the Eng. use, Lat. usus.
uisea^, a lark, Ir. uisedg, fuiseog, W. uchedydd,
W.
LLcheda, to
soar
from
*iix, up,
Lat.
being
unda,
for
wave.
'^uskio-,and
0.
Stokes
allied
Ir.
as
suggests
etc.
Br.
uas,
uisce, usee
water,
to
in
sgeul.
the
Eng. wash.
ecliouedet, also
uasal
*ud-s-kio,
Skr.
uddn
root
ud,
; further
possibility of
uisg*
388
ETYMOLOGICAL
DIOTIONAKY
(see olann).
uloh,
brute
ulbhacll
Ir.
uladh,
W.
stone
Lat.
to
suggested.
Norse
wolf,
ulfr,
^polviko-, *p6lven-
Lat.
uiiUa, owl,
ullachadh,
from
ullamh,
ullamh,
and
Ir.
art
comkart,
q.v.
I
idlmhuighim,
ir.
preparing,
meal
(Sh.)
for
ullamh,
prepare
tday.
E.
Ir. erlam,
to
"
hand,
to
/as, desire,
root
; from
paratus
hand
lamh,
from
being
referred
Usually
; cf.
urlamJi,
latter
the
lam,
handy."
of
"^m/, bark
; from
ready.
of
ready,
air
etc.), and
preparation,
mouthful
Lat.
lascivus,
lascivious.
Eng.
a
ulathach,
dolt,
blockhead
uiiiaide, humide,
arms
umpaidh.
see
0.
Ir. umka,
brass,
copper,
root
in one's
burden
Ir. ulltkach
lapful, armful,
urtlach, lap : *ar-tl-ac-
umaidh,
umha,
Lat.
ulad,
^alveto-, allied
been
has
; from
ultach,
Gadelic
Ir.
E.
charnel-house,
(Sutherland)
(ul'ach), ashes,
Lat.
ullag,
L.
Eng. pulley,
you
mixed
water
; root
alvus,
; from
(Wh.)
and
ulag, oatmeal
ulaidh, a treasure,
tomb
"snowball"
W.
aeneus,
ir.
humw,
efydd,
0.
brass,
copper,
ume,
W.
emid,
acre
^u7iidjo-
cf. next
word.
timhal,
(umhailt,
obedient
VV.
ufyll.
Dial),
Br.
vuel
(Arg.)
; from
kuvtl,
Corn,
Ir.
;
umhal,
E.
Ir., O.
umal,
huyiiilis,Eng.
Lat.
from
Ir.
humble.
umlagh,
tine, unlagh
transgression,
umpaidh,
ung,
anoint,
enenio
unnsa,
an
unga,
Ir.
from
ounce,
from
unlaw,
unlach,
fine,
andaw.
boor, clown,
Sc.
idiot
unc/aivri,0,
(Sh., Oil.)
Ir.
ongiin
; from
see
umaidh.
Lat.
W.
unguo.
has
*o'nj-.
Ir.
Lat.
ansa,
uncia.
W.
wns
from
Eng.
The
0.
Ir.
is
THE
OP
a
push, upag,
push
Onomatopoetic.
ur,
fresh,
:
green
Usually referred
root
W.
cf.
Ir.
Jr., E.
new,
fresh,
kwp^
0.
it7\
urchair,
send,
to
B.
Cf.
Eng.
pttrus,
vypos,
//",
pure.
Lat.
wet,
piic.
W.
vividarium,
Lat.
arcan,
Ir.
E.
uvidtis,
cork,
"^are-koru-, a
ictum
erco?\
cast
from
cuir,
q.v.
of
hurde^
Cf.
veg.
0.
erg^r,
Ir.
*puro-s ;
^ugro-s, Gr.
form
effort.
push,
^uro-s,
thole
urcag",
Mac-a-rusgaich)
II.
of an-rath
moist,
389
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
Ir
so
head,
irla
Ir.,urla,
air-la-,where
la is for
via,
root
vel
oifalt?
urlabhairt, eloquence,
*
air-labhair
see
Ir.
urlabhair,
E.
elocution,
Ir.
erlabra
lahhair.
of
end
spear
of
urlar, a
urnuigh,
'^
:
air-lann,
spear
floor,lowest
a
prayer,
irwigde, irnichte
tJdg
Zimmer
Lit.
igiju, strive
*
:
are-nako,
gives
the
after, Skr.
person,
urradh,
urrainn,
"^
also
E.
Ir.
G.
; cf. next
ernacde
I strive
(B.
hinder
igh, desire,
Deer),
(ir.
arnigim
ig
Ir.
in
as
desire,
L\avav,
it into
Ix'^P
(^r.
"
0.
nak, enk,
',
*r"Vai'n
"
36).
word,
authority, guarantee,
"gentlemen," paying
for, root
author,
irlond,
air-ldr, from
root
0. % Ir.
infant
ship,
or
lann
from
rent
or
service
Ir.
M.
urra{dh),
Ir.
XJrradlia
trrudua,
were
(Sil.Gad.).
390
lilCTlONARt
ETYMOLOGICAL
urrainn,
is
power,
above
See
urrail,
bold,
forward,
might
M.
surety,
ursainn,
d.
W.
US,
impudence
usa,
easier,
Ir.
Ir.
Ir.
confident
bold,
tirrdnta,
stay.
one's
in
tirrudhas,
g.
^
air-reim
urrus
air
uisge,
root
urradh.
from
Ir.
E.
are-stan-,
ursann,
deference,
honour,
irsa,
aursa,
ursa,
stand,
sta,
uisg.
0.
usa,
urraim,
homage
ursa,
from
(M'A.)
liaivdd,
from
urrain^
power,
urra,
urram,
urraim,
gorsin
Brownie
Ir.
guarantee,
ursaind,
uruisg,
Ir.
door-post,
Ir.
Ir.
urranta,
respect,
submission,
urras,
ean
urradh.
from
honour,
urram,
urrainn,
word.
Ir.
easy
facilius,
assu,
Fr.
further
facilis
asse,
aise,
Eng.
W.
cf.
haws,
Got.
easy,
azets,
easy,
usaid,
(M'A.
querulousness
USgar,
usga(r),
uspag,
push,
uspair,
chaos,
uspairn,
Ir.
cf.
ospag.
Ir.
fellow,
See
Ir.
mass,
uspdn,
shapeless
lump,
uspan.
uspaimeachd
shapeless
uspog
fellow.
Ir.
lumpish
or
clumsy
strife,
Wh.)
(Carm.)
pang,
ugly
an
liquor
on
sacred
holy,
a
uspan,
bell
jewel,
and
*ud-spairn,
uspdn
also
spdirn.
from
(usp)
usp
uihe,
cf.
*uibs-1
ut
ut
utag",
(Arg.),
utag
Cf.
utan,
uth,
interjection
put,
E.
suputima.'^,
Eng.
"
utraid,
district
utrais,
uth.
better
see
confused
Stokes
Eng.
also
tut,
hoot,
W.
hwt,
jostle," ut,
"push,
utan
etc.
push.
stem
is
consonant
as
Lat.
but
compared,
the
the
gives
2~^ntliis,swollen.
been
and
-er,
above,
high
Ir.
have
uttr,
uthard,
confusion
swelling,
udder
terminal
Lat.
strife,
(Sh., O'R.),
udder,
an
disapprobation,
putay.
knuckle
of
Gadelic
than
lacks
d
or
Lit.
ovOap,
Gr.
uber,
the
rather
*{p)utu-.
dh.
the
Cf.
skin-bag.
on
air
Ir.
high,
and
mass
is
drd.
(Carm.)
road
Gaelic
o'.s,drd.
of
see
anything,
udrathad.
a
fidgeting.
for
*fo7--ard,
"on
OF
OAEIJC
THE
SUPT'I.EMENTAEY
WORDS
OF
afterwards
Sutherland
from
"r"-like
the
used
for
Rev.
"
hanks
confound
for
string
fingers
of
mills,
mud,
"
body,
bold,
day
hailmisg,
stormy
f
sma^ach,
fishers.
See
stiucan
fireun
II.
the
Pbrthshire
Rev.
C.
be6, "Lir :
"
"
bata,
gu
M'A.
the
M.
(line
air
is
am
beo
fas
getting
beo-ghaoithe,"
"
of
tantrum,
huff.
(Ed.).
neip
f hiach
twelve
stiucan
better.
times
vacillating.
Dialect
buidean(-re6taidh), icicle,
(chloiche),a
hod
boulder.
bird.
young
See
put
ceabhgach
ciagach, q.v.
ciad, opinion, impression
=
cf.
ceudfath.
cl6imhneag,
wind."
braodag,
See
Tnaaan
(Ed.),
fuar,"
colder
"breath
necessarily.
un-
Robertson).
buta,
buta, surplus.
"tha
is
bulbhag
abundance.
to
See
t'iff,
why?
tighinn-toghainn,
From
(Per
Cf.
"
dheth,"
corncrake,
giorrasach, hare.
goireag", cole.
toad.
sn^ip, turnip.
(Ed.),
bata
Sc.
cf.
mumbling.
putting off time
rangan,
faoirisgeadh, sprinkling,
f ir-iasg ; muinntir
an
fhir eisg,
g^arra-gartan,
button
"
weather."
salmon
(Ed.).
meilich
murd-mhard,
teamhair
"stormy
See
white
fimylies.
gutter,
dusd, dead
failmisg,
See
(Ed.).
cold.
dead,
dam,
milk.
leumachan, frog.
itch
on
meanmainn,
point of
nose
prognosticating news.
with
meireachadh,
starving
of
you,"
tying
curdled
lamhan
yarn,
cionlas,
Gunn).
lampan,
fellow
instrument
making
BODY
THE
IN
Dialect
Adam
manure,
cealdair, slow-moving
GIVEN
DICTIONARY.
the
(Per
bore, thatch,
NOT
THE
I. From
391
LANOUACJE.
cloimh
flake
boinne
of
snow
clionach, partition.
cn6adag, fir cone,
cramhuinn, a large (hearth)fire.
892
ETYMOLOCxTCAL
curraidh,
sitting
curr^
V.
in
crouching
deanaich,
work,
diaghaltach,
fond
driichdjStaUion
illness
cf.
sliding
ice
on
illness
(-reabhgan),
cf. Arm.'s
frioghlaisg,
shred
of
furlaich,
revolt
f hurlaich
heavily,
ris
"
=
urge.
ing.
threaten-
rascal,
rollicking
(of
root
blustering
(of
ther).
wea-
rising
against.
mi
falling
ramhlair.
riodach,
pushing
syll.),
tree).
riasgach,
skin
pray,
pi. ramhchan,
ramh,
duhh-
nails,
fucadh,
of
fellow.
farraid.
noise
{air), scolding,
reamalair
ask
last
on
threahhadh.
at
clatter, heavy
raidh
duhh-reotha,
idr-reothadh
Shaw's
faghairt,
(accent
raigealtach,
mole
to
asked).
prois, beseech,
of.
unnamed
reabha
(as
things.
dreag.
dubh
when
prio-taoil
(Ed.).
(Arms.),drudge.
middling
health,
coorie-
position
at
drug,
his
of
hunkers/'said
niarraidh,
hunkers.
on
On
"
Sc.
DTHTTONRAY
"
Dh'
kind.
ruaig,
shower
saich,
sick
abhor.
"
ill
"),
of
rain.
(Arms,
saoich.
soitliich,
Cf
maith
s.
no
the
futhair,
geabhag,
giolc
dog
See
leatach,
remote.
leiceid,
See
tatter.
rag,
Sgiut
lebh
diet
Sglogaid
sic
luis,
sladaig
outrush
of
water,
allow.
luthasaich,
See
hidhaig
(out
thick
of
and
grumbling;
niannradh
^,^*(stone)
friendly,
stir
muganach,
murthail,
peace.
\air), attempt
upon.
{air), working
smaiteard,
youth,
hard
at.
"
young
spark."
(Ed.),
maoidheanach,
moislich,
aglongaid.
avoid.
siochadh,
longadh.
(anything
juicy).
sgiot.
siach,
(Ed.),
lomh,
(of wood).
crush
and
soft
one.
(Ed.).
seanagar
sgiorlaich,
slap.
sagacious
sgeilceil, crackling
hesitation.
talk.
thud.
seanagair,
sgiolc.
loud
liab,
samht,
twist,
iomaltas,
lad,
days.
(Ed.),
futhar
saith.
See
sleep).
chunk
spacadh,
suigeartach,
murlaich.
toman
elided).
grinding
(of food).
wrestling.
damp.
(clach),
{nn
snaoic,
merry.
eallaidh,
damhaii-allaidh
spider.
(Ed )
.
See
OF
THE
GAELIC
NATIONAL
Albion,
Great
Britain
Scotland,
"
Ir.,E.
"
white-land
white
Armoric,
Ir.
0.
(jreek
tlic
Lat.
W.
H.
G.
g. Albainn,
Alba,
(Pliny), G.
white
albus,
"AA^toi', AXfSLow,
Gr.
writers,
Alhioyi
Alba, Alban,
; Lat.
(Hes.) ;
NAMES.
in
Ptolemy's AXovuor,
?}9P}
LANGUAGE.
Alhan
(Stokes),
"^Albion-
dA(/)o?,white
; Gr.
leprosy,
albiz, swan.
Aremori-
to
in
mui?'
Br.
sea,
maritime.
arvo7\
Britain,
the
Ir. Breatain,
Breatann,
(\.
W.
Britons,
E.
Ir.
Corn.
Briton,
Hrython,
Bretan,
pi. Bretain,
n.
Br.
BrHhon,
B^^eiz,
which
to
nsual
the
Stokes
though,
origin
as
their
gave
Celtic
Brittany
Caledonia,
Breton
into
France
Britain,
others
The
and
as
G.
seems
.300
about
word
B.C.,
been
Picts
or
of
Cruithne
have
to
Cruithne
being,
as
coille,the
and
word
Caledonia
the
because
thus
its then
fifth
and
Britain
sixth
(Tacitus),
KaAv^Soi'tot(Ptol.,
(Jr.
fort
Britons
centuries.
etc.), 0.
Martial,
Dnn-Keld,
above.
of
G.
Dun-
the
Caledonians,
from
*cald, the
as
explained by Windisch
"wood-landers."
Stokes
force being
of the 17 (Lat. e) in KaXr]8- ; but
modern
Gaelic
Eng.
Lat.
; from
(Lucan,
Dwwi-Callen,
object
the
Scotland
Dun-Chaillinn
of G.
in
(kiledonii
Lat.
Callden,
etc.:
Greek.
language
northern
etc.),
root
UpeTTavia^
retaining
explanations
Brittania
Lat.
Lat.
still
inhabitants.
poured
in
to
name
; the
G.
the
of
the
Gr.
fact, the
of
matter
rendering
the
from
old
the
in
the
thongh
wheat,
G.
to
of
different
bad
is
cruithneachd,
G.
as
"pictured" men
Stokes, Rhys, etc., regard
Pict.
(yELTs,
refers
reference
notion
of
Brittania
Lat.
forms
are
the
descendants
and
if the
of
the
hold.
locallyspoken, the objection cannot
Celtw
(Caesar),Gr. KeArot, KeArat, KeArtKo?, appearing
fourth
fifth and
in Herodotus,
cent.
B.C.
Xenophon,
Lat.
*Kelto-s, "the
relsus,
lofty," root
qel, raise, go,
as
48
394
DTCTTONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
excel, Lit.
high, Eng.
S.
to
Cornwall
root
the
Corn
or
the
lands
of
Cruithne,
(pL), Cymraeg,
Welsh
the
language ;
'^Com-mrox,
Welsh
or
Walas
For
of
(Corm.),
Cornn
Corn.
the
Walas
Bretann
tirib
Lat.
hildr,
"smiters."
being
the
name
in
see
Walesa,
the
Welsh
Britain.
under
see
of
Norse,
war,
Celtse
the
Ir. i
Britons
the
hild,
the
refers
Rhys
Comwalas,
S.
E.
Horn,
Pict
the
Cymry,
Ag.
Cornish,
raised.
keltas,
Cymry
of
singular
Welsh
the
for
name
older
Cymro,
is
Cyni-mro
Allo(cf. Caesar's
pi. Com-mroges or Comhroges
"co-landers," from
broges, "Other-landers"),
country-men,
for
Ir. Gaelic
in
E.
The
of hrugh
Diet., q.v.
hrog, mrog
im
in the
Wales
is found
Kymrischen
phrase isinc/wmreic
Zeit.32
162).
(Zim.
=
Erin
Ireland.
see
Gaelic, Gael,
of the
name
and
language
'''Gddelo-s
Irishman
:
Gwyddel,
(Giraldus), W.
A.D.), Gaideli
(for Sc. Gaelic) or "^Gdidelo-s (forIrish),root ghddh, Eng. good,
Ger.
been
has
Stokes
Bez.
which
Stokes
Galli,
The
Scotch
the
continuous,
Scotland.
Oscan
etc.
gut,
gives
Hirpini)
Gaul,
or
hoedus,
goat
as
fourth
^Goidelos
or
its
use
in
item
"^Geidelos,
which
and
Geidtimni,
Gaul.
the
best,
cf.
("Goat-men,"
gaidys, cock.
Lit.
France,
now
only
proto-Gaelic
Lat.
with
compares
the
seems
being
race
to
compares
form
Lat.
alius,
Galli
(fourth
to
first
cent.
second
cent.
B.C.);
FaAaTTy?, FaAarat
(third and
discussion
with
in
which
the root
from
Diet.,
see
gal, bravery,
G. Gall, Lowlander,
of Galli and
stranger.
E. Ir. 'Erin,
Ir.
Irish
G.
'Eire,
'Eireann,
Ireland,
g. 'Eireann,
;
B.C.),Gr.
:.
'
W.
Erenn,
Ywerddon,
W.
M.
Iwerddon,
Irish,
Ewyrdonic,
(Mela),
'lovfpvia 'IcpvYj(Strabo), Lat. Hibernia, Iverna
Irish
lerne
cent,
(Adamnan) :
(Claudian, fourth
a.d.),Evernili,
*
referred
to
Piverjo-, Skr. pivari,
Iverjon-, Everjon-, usually
Ptol.
Hiepia,
fat, Gr.
"
Man,
Grecian
the
of
seat
the
Muses,
ir'nav,fat
it
refer
swelling." Others
G.
G.
to
bho), western,
(from ava,
iar, west, or Skr. dvara
does
which
not
derivation
No
be satisfactory
lower.
at
can
named
the
the
for
time
account
Highland
same
similarly
Findhorn.
called
rivers
'Eire, 'Eireann, Eng. Earn,
(Windisch, Stokes):
Manx
Manx
*Mana
; Manx
Gaelic,
(
"rich-soiled,
Manninagh,
E.
Lat.
Ir. inis
Mono),
Manx
Manann,
early
W.
(adj.),Gailck, Gaelk,
Isle
of
Manau,
Man,
Lat.
genitive
Mona
the
from
(Caesar),
Ptol.
Moi/aotSa,
Mananndn
the
Skr.
(Tacitus),
PiCTS
Lir
Eng.
name
Picti
now
Poitiers
from
pict
leaves
name
be
Ir.
god-name
connected
is
with
Teutonic
Mannus
this
be
cickt,
be
idea
claimed
of
the
case,
be
as
Pictavi,
derivation
so
Brittonic
{*qict)
and
intact,
Windisch
which
parallel
tattooing
usual
for
The
Gaul.
abandoned.
carver,
engraver,
the
from
the
must
Britain.
under
see
separated
painted,
Ir.
the
E.
Sea)
Law-giver
which
if
and,
may
historical
The
?)
the
of
the
scarcely
;
E.
piht,
for
pictus,
adduces
Mona
man.
can
Lat.
(son
Manu,
Cruithnich,
G.
395
LANGUAGE.
(or
Monapia
Mac
Island
GAELIC
THE
OF
this
again
with
agrees
the
facts.
Scotland,
Scots
E.
Adamnan
Ir.
Scott,
pi.
Ireland,
Scotia,
d.
Scuit,
n.
the
Scoti,
Irishmen
Scottaib,
Irish,
Britanniae,
Scoti
"
Scots
Dalriada,
of
Lat.
language,
translates
(fourth
the
skatts,
The
cattle.
has
ones"
(so
skat,
root
of
ysgivthr,
Ch.
carving
Stokes
skotu,
perty,
pro-
Eng.
of
cut,
"tattooed
or
suggested
connection
tattooed
-"
Got.
to
SI.
"cutters"
has
Gaelic
the
allied
scathe,
as
Rhys
cutting,
hurt,
either
Saville).
in
*Skotto-s.
^coti,
stock,
treasure,
suggested,
been
Isidore
W.
with
sckatz,
Scotice,
owners,"
"masters,
as
Ger.
Irish,
Scotti,
cent.)
name
money,
scathe,
Scoticus,
etc.,
painted
or
"
men."
Welsh
Wales,
the
in
people
Wylisce
men,
nuss,
Eng.
bordering
from
vole,
with
name
of
the
Welsh
H.
ival-nut
the
on
bathe
Lit,
Gauls.
used
being
pi.
0.
Walas,
Welsh
the
the
G.
sing,
of
the
foreigner,
from
the
(s.ee failc
pull,
in
is
nation
"^
referring
Volkd,
Stokes
Diet.).
to
the
//Use,
Wealh,
Celt,
Gaul,
Volko-s,
IV
country,
Weaias
walh,
Germans,
wilkti,
for
Ger.
"
Welsh,
foreigner,
ivalof
of
name
"
the
Welshman,
Weaias,
S.
Ag.
the
the
in
wal-
Volcae,
bathers,"
the
connects
restless
ings
wander-
396
ETYMOLOGICAL
PERSONAL
Adam,
0,
NAMES
Adhamh,
G.
Ir.
Ahft
Adim
(o)
Adhmhnan
Adhamhnan
"little
(seventh
Adam,''
personal
Allan,
Ir.
The
(). l)r.
Iv
fr.
name
Ailpein,
"j. Ir. At
Welsh
be
rather?).
Andrew,
Aindrea
(j.
landera,
name
Mac-aiidrejv,
li'.
taste,
as
from
in
(1467
MS.),
(1467
Or.
from
M'Alasdair,
Scotch
Allan
from
Gf.
ElpltlH, Eljin,
Mac-
al,
from
mostly,
is
the
Alpmannus,
Norman,
Frank,
Pictish
from
Stokes
whicli
allnuH,white
Mac-"dpine.
Dial). Gilleanndrais,
E.
(t. Aiulro
(D.
Ir. Andrla.^
'AvSyoea^,a
only av^p-,
Fr.
(or
gests
sug-
allied
; from
Gil-
L.), Ainnrias,
Lat.
Aiidreas,
double-stemmed
reduced
(see
man
of
Fng.
Hence
nea.rl).
Vj.
aoit
Goi'.
and
iagh).
E.
Ir. '()engui",
Aonyhum,
Ungiiat : Oino-gustu-s, "unique
Aon;/hi(f",g,
'O'nujnii, \V.,
(choice,"
father
Antferson.
Gillan".lers.,
the
Hence
AllemiK,
^i/lnituK, from
MS.),
showing
now
a.d.),
M'Ailpein,
(h-.
from
Andrea^,
(died 704
q.v.
Adanman's
Alannx,
M.
//"7/e,
(1467
Lat.
Adhamhndin,
(i.
Men."
(Anndra,
Andrew's
St.
Gille-a.innriaa
g.
(x.
AdamudiL,
Alexander,
Lat.
whence
W.
{akX.
from
earlier
"
Hence
Ydnan),
M"ic-(dlau.
M.
sources
to
from
(from Sand}/).
Ailene,
"All
Hence
or
dinjinutive
L.), Alaxandair,
Hence
Alaiinnts^ Neimius
tribe
(t.
adam,
Mac-
Hence
Gilla-aijainnan
from
Alan,
l)u";all,Fin^all
Alimn,
Ir. Adam,
Adam.
Giolla-
(I), of
\
Fr.
from
men."
Norman
Alan,
German
E.
ar-lenimnn,
Alley
\lac-andie
Ailean,
rock?
AUududair
further
G.
or
Adannian
cent.),
the
AXe^avSpo^,
"defendingalister
Youman
(1495),
deduces
Alasdair,
M.
MS.),
(a
diminutive
(twelfth
Skene
G.
'Adaidh
St
cent.),
Gaelic
name
AT;Exani)eh,
ij
M'V.),
GHleojonan
Somerled
whence
red.
Adam,
(pronounced
{Gghamhuan,
Adamnaiius
of
Dial,
from
L.),E
of
(D.
WAd2ii"h.
So.) JPCadie,
G.
A2uzoe
Hebrew
from
SURNAMES.
AND
(Fer. MS.),
and
Af^Caif,
Adamnan,
DICTIONARY
giiK,
Hence
choice
(Eng.
M'Aonghuis,
; further
M'Aina/i.
Archibald,
M.
G.
Gilleasbuig,
Gillespik (D. of
G.
Gillespie.
The
name
Arddbald^
Ag.
S,
Arcebald,
Diet.),
Hence
Arcenhald
THE
OF
which
Ercenbald,
or
in
meaning
witli
connection
G.
H.
Gillespie
and
Ludovic
(cf. similarly
origin
or
means
apparent
no
right-bold" (0.
"
vaguely
397
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
Maol-
domhnuich).
Arthur,
Artair,
G.
Arturius,
Lat.
lasted
W.
from
idea
of
from
Bain,
0.
i.}.
sixteenth
(1*555).
last
rendered
into
Eng.
of
name
the
Partholon
tlie Clan
Brown,
of
britheamh,
Cainro7iaich
Eng.
judge,
(D,
which
E.
cerrbel, wry
chamberlain
(Jamfbell,
(1266,
G.
Cameron).
references,
most
M.
or
from
There
De
M.
Bar
temporary
con-
M''(iille})ayie
"
Fair-(/i7/f,"
Lat.
Partholon,
Prof.
no
take
of
legend
Rhj^s thought
Ireland.
in
the
M'abhriuiu
former
it
Hence
Gaelic
(1408
Mac-brayne.
M.
(x.
GillacamHroiii
explained
probable
Cdmsroin,
(1467
(M'V,),
g.
MS.),
Charter
as
Connection
with
camerarius
or
tlie fourteenth
unlikely, or with
parish in Fife.
Cambel
G,
(1467 MS.), Cambell
Cameron
cambel, wry-mouthed
is
historians
Tolemon
race
G.
Hence
mouth).
Caimbeul,
but
with
the
M'Pharlain.
q.v.
Cambru?i"f
etc.),
Ir.
the
as
Pre-Celtic
or
(of Scotland)
De
centiuy
the
and
original.
L,),
of
nose,"
is
E.
in
appear
APGilvane.
also
the
(1472);
Camroun
Ir.
Camaran,
Camshron,
G.
Cameron,
; whence
the
to
Mac-arthur.
Bane,
or
cultor,"
Arthur
Tulloch
Parthalon,
brithearnhain,
from
"
as
M'llle-bhain,
now
Spanish
Mac-farlaue,
M'A'-Bhriuthainn,
Charter),
Art, Artgal,
names
Makferquhair
the
G.
G.
John
non-Gadelic
Ivernians
the
of
^arto-s,
from
cent.), the
(Nennius, ninth
is represented as
the first invader
after
(27S y("ars
I). The
p
proves
who
Spain,
suggested as
from
came
Ir.
from
been
has
is
Artair,
Bayiie
as
Wiiyte
tiie Flood
l)e
to
Bains
is
M*
G.
If
Bartholomoius
after
name
Hence
name
personage
to
of
times, where
^arto-
the
as
Artoria
Confessor),
it
the
render
the
suggested
Gens
the
whence
art,
called
by
Parian,
or
Ireland
Edward
probable),
is
The
them
near
of
the
Domesday-Book
of
variously
This
Partholomceus
that
which
to
and
compared
to
God."
century
G.
been
Arthur,
Lat.
Ir.
Artuir, Artiir,
white.
ban,
Bartholomew,
Ir.
prefers
"Culture
has
days
(which
Rhys
plough
ar,
W,
the
in
arth,
Artljran.
(Adamnan),
Roman
Brittonic
to
bear,
from
appears
native
Ir.
maintained
(it being
Yorkshire
E.
Artuir,
(Juvenal)
source
Artor
G.
/?Jdan
of
son
Artorius
its
M.
De
Cambel
Campo-bello
appears
in
{cam
the
in
and
beul
1320
see
early
numerous
as
Latin
398
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
and
form
De
etymology
an
Bello-campo
form
we
or
de
no
Cambell
M.
was
name
L.), "belonging
which
descent
Charles,
name
Englished
and
Latinised
but
the
toir
and
super,
G.
Chisholm,
Ches
whence
G.
being
servant
alogy),
Gene-
E.
Ir.
Toirdelbach,
Tower-shaped,"
"
of
prefix tair,
the
M^Kerlie.
(thirteenth
century
the
name,
placebut
(a holm,
Cailean,
(Lat.
less
M.
the
to
doubtful.
is
A'-Chleirich,
relation
"
Coiledn,
dialectic
personal
the
form
whelp,"
of
old
Colla
name,
once
Chief
being
and
Continental
Eng.
to
Ir.
(see above).
L.), Cailin
(1467
of
Campbells,
Its
Cf.
(D.
is
E.
MS.),
Celtw
in
as
This
1292).
M^Cailein.
Gaelic
M'
Also
Diet.
1467
(M'V.,
Callane
G.
of
peculiar
in
M^Chlery.
Colla
from
Colimts
G.
(1467),
(Maclean
Ches-holTn
of
(see cat).
Border
(D.
MS.),
Hence
Roxburgh
cleireach
see
Galwegian
Colla, M. G.
G.
is
Cattanich
cat"
Chesholme
(1254),
in
cathair, q.v.).
(1467
form.
(j.
Parish
Gillacatan
phonetics
De
Chesehohne
Cleireach
navo-s,
or
Clann
Deer).
of
?).
G.
Clark,
modern
show
the
or
plural
Turloiigh,
the
Siosal, Siosalach,
De
(B.
caer
Turri-formis,
as
took
the
Chisholm
name
Colin,
Gaelic
hence
documents),
Coll,
explained
in
"
"little
and
but
Michael,
St
from
Toirrdhealbhach
Tirlagh
as
of
yille
Giltacatain
Ir.
M.
Tearlach,
G.
the
G.
denotes
Campello
forms
Gillemicel
M.
"
place-name.
Chattan,"
from
whose
Catan,
earliest
really
(Michael's
Clan
to
claims
St
of
suggested
Lowland
Catanach,
G.
Latin
been
in Lanark
Chattan,
Cattanach,
demand
De
O.G.
MS.),
is
Carmichael
of
name
(1467
Carmichael
be
naturally
Beecham.
the
an
Gillamichol
G.
The
derivations
epithet, not
Son
of
M'Gillemhicheil,
G.
Carmichael,
these
and
has
(little plain)
for
unfortunately
and
Beau-champ
in
Campellis
De
idiom
Norman-French
as
have
should
this, however,
and
coiledn
*Co^
MS.),
more
in
always
Colin
personal name
; the
(see Fol.), cuileanj
whelp.
G.
Crerar,
regard
"
Criathrar,
themselves
riddler,"
is
name
the
criatkar
the
for
right, but
Sieve{w)right.
(yUMMiNG,
Norman
Norman
G.
Cuimein,
family
house
(which
See
Celt.
De
from
Comines,
the
compare
Mag.
Cuimeanach,
dating
of
explaining the
in Diet.) : the
see
meaning
Lochtay-side
Mackintoshes,
as
from
of
name
who
name
as
derivation
and
noun
^, 38.
earliest
the
Eng.
clan
Eng.
Conquest,
territorial
form
Comyn,
belonging
designation.
to
the
OF
Davud,
Davidsons^
the
or
Davidson
Lat.
M.
E.
MS.),
Clan
the
of
Diii-lh
Clann
hence
(C.S.) ;
Chattan.
C.S.,
Fn
D^ibhiosdan.
as
Diarmad,
(1467
branch
appears
G.
Dermic,
(Classical),D^idh
Daibhidh
G.
389
LANGUAGE.
OAETJC
THE
Dermit
G.
0.
Diarmait^
Ir.
Diormitius
L.), Diarmada,
of
(D.
Ir.
gen.
Ir.
Diarmit,
Diarmuit,
the
Zimmer
name
as
(Adamnan).
explains
ermit
*areand
dia
from
Dia-ermit,
:
God-reverencing,"
in
root
as
dearmad,
ment,
7nent-, "on-minding,"
q.v.
Ddire
G.
documents
(1487), Jore
Obwar,
Deoir, DeMreach,
Macindeor.
Hence
debradh,
a
(1428) ; from
pilgrim, q.v.
G.
M.
G.
Domnall
(1467
Donald,
Domhnall,
MS.), gen. Donil
"
(D.
L.),
of
Lat.
0.
Domnallus
and
Duff,
the
Gadelic
dub,
curtailment
Fionn,
The
family
Dubh,
nam'e
Hence
epithetically.
Ir. Dubhthaigh
G. Dughall,
DuGALD,
(1467 MS.),
gen.
M.
world-king,
ilath.
domhan,
As
century
personal
(Clen
from
it is
name,
(cf.
name
Duffe, 1384),
used
adjective duhh
the
merely
beth,
Mac-
was
double-stemmed
or
Macduff
is
tenth
in
q.v.
which
of
m^
Mac-phee.
see
G.
Duff,
DufF
longer
Duff
Duffy,
of
world-
world-wielder,
See
W.
duhno-
Dumnorix,
as
Clan
King
some
red).
Flann,
*'
Aedui.
did"h, black,
of
Ir.
Domnall,
from
Dumnovalo-s,
the
Dub,
now
Ir.
Mac-donald.
{Clann
Ir. Duhh
E.
(do,,ablative), Early
meaning
among
etc.),earlier
in
same
M'Dhomhnuill,
M.
"^
(see flath),meaning
opponent
Hence
Domnail
Dyfiiioal
valo-
much
ruler,"
Caesar's
Deer),
of
(B.
(Adamnan),
later
Dumngual,
domhan,
Domnall
G.
Dowgall,
thirteenth
g, Dowle
(D,
of
L,), Dabgaill,
documents
century
give
Dugald
Dubgall
Donnchaid,
E.
warrior,"
personal
a
from
word
is the
donn
has
names
meaning
Edward,
Donnchad
Ir.
same
(1467
gen.
and
occurring
'Eideard
G.
Edward
cath,
been
M.
as
Donchad
G.
q.v.
referred
(B,
of
Dunno-catu-s,
Gaulish
The
by
Brown
Donno-
of
Jubainville
to
king, judge,
noble
De
Ir. donn,
Deer),
"
the
"
O'Davoren's
('Eudard,
glossary.
Dial), Imhear,
borrowed,
Eng.
Hence
(see Mac-iver).
borrowed
0.
Donno-catu-s,
and
origin
in
MS.),
the
second
lomhar
is the
M''Eideard,
Norse
M'Edward.
the
first
Ivarr
400
ETYMOT.OGTCAl.
EwBN,
DTCTTONARY
(x.
"^
from
the
Lat.
Eugenius.
god
Farquhar,
(F. M.,
fear^
M.
G.
Feavchar,
and
Fei^gus,
Fergusso,
g.
for
Diet,
see
car
W.
(allied
above.
FiNGAL,
should
Isles
Isles
here
gustus,
G.
as
E.
see
1070
the
Macpherson's,
of
matter
the
of
name
1077
to
fact
from
Gaelic
fear,
man,
Fionnghal,
the
is
is
name
*vir.
which
M.
G.
really
Fio7inand
Man
Man
the
and
the
Fingal
invention
an
of
Fionnghal.
Gaelic
his
Gaelic
is
form
of
the
/a?^,
or
Gall, q.v.
hero
mythic
likewise
as
and
fionn
Ir.
Aonghus
*viro-
from
0.
Diet.
in
under
Norseman
Ir.,
see
Fair-foreigner,
or
for
Hence
Uuorgost, Uurgont
fear-,
qy
Gaelic
"Norseman,"
Br.
one";
Farquhar.
Fergu,%
ver-
for
Macpherson's
mean
ghall,
Fer
regard
Fionn,
for
super), and
Lat.
Some
(x.
as
to
Ir. Fearchair
above.
jiP
son,
0.
Gurgust,
Ver-gustu-s, "super-choice";
air
from
Eva-cattos,
Fearchair,
M'Fhearchair,
Mac-erchar, Farquhar
M.
(/. Fearghm,
(x. Fearghas,
Fergus,
Fergus,
Ogmic
of
evo-
848
year
see
the
borrowed
as
Mac-ewen.
Hence
Fearchar,
G.
Owen
regards
Cf., however,
Eochaidh.
now
Zimmer
Esus.
As
female
name
this list.
to
FionnaghaJ m the addendum
G.
FiNLAY,
Fionnla, Fionnlagh
(misspelt Fionnladh), M.
Finlay
(D. of L.), Finlaeic, gen. (1467 MS.), Fionnlaoich,
{Buan
(Lib. Leinster), FinnAlhanach), E. Ir. Findkmh
gen.
Those
loech
and
Finlaeg, gen.
(Marianus
Scotus).
early
Flora!
See
G.
forms
and
"Fair
hero"f'/?omi
11th
the
century)
the
older
would
Norse
the
and
rendering
It has
name.
suit
Finnleikv
phonetics
laock).
of
been
the
that
prove
It
is
Hence
means
(10th
popular
Finning, "Fair
explained as
also.
name
one,"
attractive
"
Fair
and
calf," which
Finlayson,
Mackinlay
(M'Fhionnlaigh).
Foirbeiseach, early
from
(thirteenth cent.),so named
Forbes,
G. Foirbeis,
document
the
form
place-name
Be
Forbes
Forbes
in
Aberdeenshire.
Eraser,
G.
Friseal, Frisealach,
\ariously
B.
Fresle,
Simon
Battle
Eraser,
Abbey
patriot's name
Frasel, Fresel, Frisel, in Domesday
Rolls
circ.
1298
{%) Frisell
the
or
Fresell
is
usually
OF
referred
0.
to
Fr.
Fr.
fragiUa, fragum,
cf. the
mean
the
M'
G.
clyde).
The
Lennox,
name
etc.,
as
in the
appears
Galbrait
(from Gall
thirteenth
and
"worker
farmer,
the
of
G.
eleventh
christ.
yeuipyo^,
Gisle-
S.
Ag.
from
Giilebride
is
but
once,
It translates
Gillespie,
also
Gilleasbuig
G.
Gilliosa
G.
Gillies,
Gr.
from
St
now
used.
Gilchrist,
in
Breatann
of
(yrj,earth, d/oyo?,Eng.
earth"
the Border
M''George.
ivorlc). Hence
Gilbert
is
Gilbert, G. Gilleabart, Giilebride.
bert, "Bright hostage" (see giall in Diet);
name
Bridget's slave, an exceedingly common
little
in
century
Breat-
above).
George, G. Se6ras, Se6rsa, Deorsa, ultimately
a
sense,
leaves
form
(broom).
Strawberry
Fraser
word
also
armorial
bearings. The
may
(Eng. frizzle,frieze).
of the
Briton
A'-Bhreatnaich, son
(of Strath-
"curled"
Galbraith,
Lat.
from
freze^ a strawberry, "^frezele,
fraisier, strawberry plant. For
Plantagenet
name
of
part
401
LANGUAGE.
GAELIC
THE
see
M^Gil-
Christopher.
Archibald.
Jesus."
of
"servant
(several
M'A-Lios
From
comes
like
more
the
G.
evidence
Berwickshire.
in
in
place-name
Gow, G. Gobha,
as
give G. Guaidhre
which, however, see M^Quarrie.
Dictionaries
Godfrey; for
Gordonach
Gordon,
Gordan,
Gordon
The
of
equivalent
Gordon,
of
Norse.
the
the
thirteenth
The
Gregor,
M.
died
from
parish
are
name
well
in
Chalmers
"
as
a
Inverness
Grand,
the
Gordons
explains the
Gor-dyn, "super-dunum
(see far and dun).
Hence
smith, now
usually gobhainn, q.v.
century.
Cowan.
Mac-gowan,
Mac-cowan,
Grant
G.
Grant,
Grannd,
(1258),an
about
; from
De
in
the
English
thirteenth
family
century,
which
settled
Eng.
Grant,
49
402
fiTYMOLOGICAL
ecclesiastical
gregor,
GuNN,
third
the
from
name
be
ypTjyopeo),
DICTIONARY
(cf. Gr.
M'Griogair, Mac-
Hence
Gregory.
G-uinne, Gunnach,
early
of
(1525), in Kildonan
onward
century
documents
(1601), ClanSutherland,
originally from
givn
Caithness
the
Norse
Gumii
(twelfth century), the
; from
then
of a
of Olaf, a
Caithness
chief
name
son
{Orh. Saga).
Gunni
This
short
of
is a
or
longer name
"pet" form of some
with
two
the
first and
chief
one
stems,
as
(cf.
war,
gunn-r^
Gunnis an
old
Gann-arr, which
Gunn-hjorn,
Orkney name,
laugr.,Gunn-olfr^ war-wolf, Gunn-atein., Gumi-valdr).
G. Harailt, M.
Ir, Aralt, from
Haraldr
Norse
Harold,
(same in
and
Mac-raild.
roots
origin as Eng. herald). Hence
G.
Eachunn
M.
G.
Hector,
Eadminn,
(Dial. Eachainn),
g. (M'V.),
Eachduinn
Eachdhuin,
Eachdhonn,
(1467 MS.),
g. (M'V.),
g.
Ir. Eachdonn
lord," like
(year 1042): *Eqo-donno-s, "horse
Of
"Brown-horse"
is
course
Each-ihighearna of Mac-echern.
BdvOnnros.
The
against
possible ; cf. Gr.
phonetics are
"^
Each-duine, "horse-man,"
as
an
explanation.
G.
0.
from
Henry,
Eanruig ;
Henric, now
Eng.
Henry, from
Germanic
home-ruler
and
ric
in
Heiin-rik,
(Eng. home
Henderson.
hishop-ric, rich). Hence
Mackendrick,
G.
G.
'Uisdean
M.
Hugh,
(Huisdean), in Argyle Eoghan,
G.
"
"
Huisduinn,
The
which
equivalent
Teutonic
James,
G.
John,
Seumas,
of
Sheathainn,
Kathel,
from
see
G.
as
sources,
M.
G.
Cathal
(M'V.),
under
val
gen.
; from
also
M'Ualraig
who
first
tenth
ceann,
settled
as
Mac-Gille-
with
patrimonially."
Cathal
Hence
(common
^Katu-valo-s
Mackail.
M^All,
{Kenedy, John
of the
century) is the family name
of
now
represented by the Marquis
century
head,
in
Ir.
Catguat
W.
Donald.
Irish
from
0.
Ceanadaidh,
Carrick,
in
James,
Eng.
M'llleathainn.
famous
the
Seathain,
compounds
and
Boru
the
Germanic
; from
(M'V.)
onwards),
of
; it is
(see Mackay)
from
Jacob.
in
fourteenth
Earls
confused
Semus
Ceanaideach,
G.
"^^('?)-stone."
Eysteinn,
Aodh
G.
itself
is
century
war,
M'-Kennedy,
Ailsa
G.
Eoin,
Cathal,
cath,
give
which
Hebrew
now
seventh
Kennedy,
old
M.
older
Iain,
the
hug, thought.
root
modification
G.
also
Hugh,
to
Norse
from
comes
Dictionaries
Gun
borne
name
"
and
Ir.
Teutonic
by
the
Kennedy
:
Walrick
JJlrick,
older
of Brian
father
E,
Ceinneidigh,
eitigh,ugly: "ugly
Walrick
Lochaber
Kennedy
Ir,
Cennetich,
head."
Called
(sixteenth century),
be G. Ualgharg
may
Uodalrich,
"
rich
OF
Kenneth,
Coinneach,
G.
(M'V.),
g.
Cainnig,
"fair
king
the
from
name
stem
is
different
Mackay.
G. Lachlann
Lachlan,
Deer),
0.
Ginathd
G.
old
it is the
cin
g. (M'V.), Lochloinn, n.
Lochlainn
Mac
Lochlainn
and
g.,
Ir.
E.
"^Cannico-s,
Scotch
Deer),
of
(B.
and
cinn
of
linn^
Ir.
word
Ir.
Coinndigh,
g.
cannach
as
(E.
form),
fire-sprung," from
"
Coinnidk,
(B. of
g. Caennig
Gainnechus
(Adamnan)
same
Cinoed
Cinaedh,
Ir.
Coinndec\
G.
Lat.
Kenneth
Eng.
M.
403
LANGUAGE.
Cainneck,
Ir.
gen.,
one,"
The
G.
0.
GAELIC
THE
of
aed
G.
M.
Loch-
g. (1467 MS.),
1060) ; probably
Lachlan,
(F.M., year
Macas
possibly commencing
Scandinavian
Lochlann
of
Lochlainne,
a
("son
L.").
evidently means
Fjord-land."
G.
G.
M.
ments
Lamond,
Ladmann,
M'Laomuinn,
Laman,
early docuLawemundus
(Lat. of 1292), Laumun
(circ. 1230),
Lochlann,
from
Scandinavia,
"
M.
Ir.
Laghmand,
lawman,
Lagmand
; from
Norse
lagania^r, logma^r,
and
by meaning
derivation.
Hence
Luthais
G.
Lewis,
Fr.
; from
Louis,
Ghlovis,
from
Ghlodwig,
old
German
king (fifthcentury), degraded from
now
warrior, roots
Ludiuig {^ Kluto-vigo-s,famed
is
Eng. victory). Hence
Eng. Ludovic, which
G. by Maolddnuich,
the
Church.
of
shaveling
Livingstone, G. M'An-leigh ; see Mac-leay.
Luke,
Lucais.
G.
Magnus,
Manus,
G.
MS.),
Ir.
name
of
Malcolm,
Hence
G.
Ir.
Norse
Maghnus,
Charlema^?ie
Calum, earlier
"
Maelcoluim
G.
0.
:
from
M.
Malise,
also
in
Lat.
from
Magnuss,
Carolus
Magnus.
Gillecalum,
G.
M.
ma
gnus,
Mylcollum
and
calum,
here
meant
(1467
the
in
(D.
of
GilUecolaim,
Malcolum,
Malcoloum,
maol, bald,
g.
dove
being
St
(Lat.
Columba.
Macccdlum,.
G.
Maoliosa,
Ir.
E.
Maeltsu,
servant
of
Jesus.
Hence
Mellis.
Matheson,
M'Mhathan,
(1467 MS.), Macmaghan
G.
Mac-maho7i,
Matheson
the
Manuis,
Magnus,
G.
cliit and
in
rendered
Mac-lucas.
Manus,
L.), Maelcolaim,
Frankish
the
in
of
"son
Perthshire
Highlands,
for
the
Mathanach,
(Exchequer
bear,"
and
which
for
Kintyre
Mathm-son,
G.
M.
Rolls
is, as
M'Mhatha.
G.
for
see
Mac-Matgamna
1264), the Ir.
mathghamhuin.
elsewhere
outside
404
ETYMOLOGICAL
Menzies,
de
household,"
the
the
from
from
and
manor,
the
Fr.
is,
(our
men-
(our mansion),
mans-
is
mansion
of
man
and
Manners
to
that
Camera^
giving
anyway
allied
is
name
De
as
Lat.
root
locally, early
De
(1249);
Meyners
masti-,
from
The
remain.
tnaneo,
de
same
mesn-,
7nenagerie, menial),
menage,
and
(1487),
much
mean
M6innearach
and
Mengues
would
Meyneria
"of
M6inn
M^innear,
G.
documents
DICTIONRAY
Main-
ivari^ig.
Morgan,
M.
W.
Morcunt,
"
Clann
G.
sea-white,"
connadh
Morrison,
M.
G.
from
stem
the
from
and
Br.
G.
Morgunn,
Morcant
and
g.
Mori-canto-s,
hid, burn,
root
in
as
earlier
Gilmour.
The
saint's
the
the
In
which
Monro,"
for
is
Moorish."
"
(Dial. Munro).
is "of
name
Morris
name
Mauricius,
name
Mac-an-Rothaich
century
0.
shine, Eng.
Latin
the
0.
of muir
whence
Rothach,
G.
fourteenth
is
Cor.
Gillamure,
Maurice,
MuNRo,
Morgan,
(Lat. candeo,
Moireasdan,
G.
(M'V.),
Mhorguinn
shows
it
of the
explained as Bun-roe, the mouth
the family are
Roe, a river in County Derry, Ireland, whence
eleventh
in the
represented as having come
century.
first
G. MuiredhMurchadh
G. Muireach,
is M.
Murdoch,
; the
aigh, gen.
(M'V.), Murreich
(D. of L.), Muireadhaigh,
g.
0. Ir. (Lat.)
E. Ir. Muiredach,
(1467 MS.), Ir. Muireadhack,
territorial
name,
Muirethachus,
muiren7i
and
E.
same,
(from
and
from
See
murrach
Murray,
the
and
Morrich,
Maolmoire,
Mac-andrew
ARTHUR
Mac-askill,
kettle
from
a
Mac-alister
Mac-
the
G.
"
Murchison,
etc.,
and
Ir.
Hence
becoming
Murchie,
cono-
is in
warrior.
sea
Ir.
the
Moray
the
'^
Kiltearn,
of
servant
Med.
common
Lat.
in
name
Alexander.
see
Andreiv.
see
A vtUur.
M'Asgaill
; from
of
and
Ctirrie),
Murphy.
Morhceji
of
mor
Celtic
of several
Murray,
or
Norse
from
Mor-apia,
termination
(sacrificial
vessel)
holiness."
form
Mori-catu-s,
haf, sea)
see
G.
The
Br.
Murchadh
coimty name
being Moreb, Muref,
Norse
Andrew
soldier
clarus
masre,
(in Arran,
from
forms
*apia,
is
S.
to
above.
Moirreach
Myles
"^
second,
early
(influenced by
Myles,
C.
Ir. Murchad
Gadelic
sea,
R.
first)M'Mhuirich
the
G.
Ag.
1876.)
;
allied
lord,"
"
Muiredaxhus,
muriucdii
(?)(Stokes
morios
the
Adamnan's
muir,
place-names.
1672.
Mary,
Milo,
the
old
with
Middle
Norse
the
an
and
a
name.
leaning
on
miles,
Ages.
'Askell, for
Anses
common
or
gods
'
"^
As-ketill, the
"
vessel
of
OP
Mac-aulay,
E.
Ir.
'Alaib
Amldib,
Anses'
405
LANGtJAGE.
GAELIC
M'Amhlaidh,
G.
the
THE
Ir.
(on coins),
'Oldfr, Anlaf
Norse
; from
Anilaihh,
Ir.
M.
Amhlaoibh,
Mac
"
(Eng. left).
from
M'Bheathain,
Beathan,
Englished as Bean
*Bitdtagno-s, life's son,
Benjamin
(1490, Beane^ 1481) or
:
"
Mac-bean,
relic
G.
beatha,
from
life,
"descendant
M.
It
From
is
Mac-caig,
and
Dav.
Mac-CODrum,
Tommie,"
Mac-cx)nachie,
G.
Clan
name
helped
in
Mac-cormic,
Cor mac,
beatha,
life,"from
of
"son
Ir. Mac-
M.
Deer),
patronymic.
not
under
see
Malcolm.
Norse
from
Guttormr,
GotSormr,
or
Coll.
see
M.
G.
(D.
M'Comie
L.)
of
"
of
son
Thomas.
M'Dhonnchaidh,
de
is
are
Atholia
from
the
in
Adamnan's
Lat.
of
son
Bruce's
Robert,
Duncan's
corbis,basket.
English
great-grandson,
James
I. to
E.
charioteer,
From
carbad.
form
who
execution.
(Cormag),
"^C orb-mac,
See
see.
so-named
the
Cormac
Cormacus
Athole,
of
time
of
which
Duncan,
Robertsons
corb, chariot,
of
originally,
name
"good
Donnachie
Duncan
of the
M'Comaidh,
or
form
to
M'Codrum
M'CoUa
G.
Eng.
M'Bheathaig),
and
(B.
a.d.):
1041
M'Caluim
G.
G.
from
"
Guthrum
S.
Mac-combie,
The
to
as
G.
the
Ir. Mac
M'Caog,
Mac-callum,
Ag.
Mac-coll,
come
like
Mac-vean.
Mac-bead
personal
allied
possibly
G.
1058,
Macbeth
G.
used
meaning
-agno-s,
(Dial. M'Bheathain
0.
Macbeth
life.
termination
Mac-bain,
M'Bheatha
Macbethad,
bethad,
CI.
Also
G.
G.
the
diminutives.
Mac-beth,
with
corb
Ir.
from
also
M'Cullo,
Boar
been
"
M'Cullach
(1431)"
in
Easter
Ross:
of Lulach
as
M^Lulich.
"son
of
the
has
(littlecalf '?),
406
DICTIONARY
ETYMOLOGICAL
Mac-dermid
Mac-donald
Macduff
see
Dermid.
see
Donald.
Dujf.
see
Mac-echern,
M'Eachairn,
G.
documents
Mackauchern
846
"
G.
M.
M'Caychim
(D.
of
L.), early
Ir.
Echthighern
(1499),
(Annals
each
and
Also
Horse-lord," from
A.D.) :
tighearna.
(^'Mac-Echthigerna).
Englished as M^KtcJuiie
G.
M'Fadzeane
Mac-fadybn,
M'Phaidein, early documents
(1540);
Paidean,
from
Mac-farlane
Mac-gill
; from
M'Gille,
G.
Mac-millan
Mac-glashan,
G.
M.
iiaomh
see
Mac-hardy,
G.
Mac-indbor
documents
this
(Mac-millan), M'Gillebane
lad), Gilroy, red lad.
"^
:
G.
0.
Aed,
fire,E.
Aldus,
the
carpenter
see
(1467 MS.),
Ir. Aed,
0.
Ir. aed,
Gaul.
M'Coinnich
G.
Ir.
G.
Makkellar
the
proves
Gaelic
the
EUm\
"
Ardare
"of
form
of
borrowed.
Hilarius
Mac-kenzie,
M.
aWo"^,
0. H.
Aedui.
old
documents
M'Ealair, M'Eallair,
(1470), all
(1518), Makalere
(1476), M'Callar
Ellar
in
M^KeUar,
1595,
Glassary, Argyle.
Eaiair.
xAdam-
fire,Gr.
G.
be
saor.
Ir. Imhar,
'Ivarr.
Aoiih,
from
the
M'Imhair
Norse
Hence
eit, fire,pyre.
to
Gille-
cf.
name,
dun
of
son
aedes, house
Lat.
fire,brand,
Lat.
M'Gille-
g. ; from
g. Aido
Aldus,
name
the
Angus.
M'Aoidh,
Mac-kellar,
ment,
Judg-
or.
Mac-an-t-saoir,
G.
M.
M'lamhair,
G.
of
M'Ghilleghlais,
L.),
of
Servant
Dewar.
Imair,
nan's
formation
G.
Ir.
the
of
of
(D.
(M'Clure,
M'Cardaidh
see
G.
especially of
Gow.
Greg
see
see
Mac-intyre,
Mac-iver,
under
of
Gille-maol
(Mac-niven),
;
Mackay,
the
J\'PGill.e-iddhir
Mac-gregor
E.
M'lllezlass
For
"/lasch (1508).
curtailment,
M'Gillebhrath,
son
brath^ judgment, q.v,
M'Glaisein, a side-form
G.
lad,
Mac-innes
as
G.
from
(1555),
used
M'Gille-mhaoil.
or
Mac-gillivray,
Mac-gowan
of Patrick.
form
pet
Bartholomnv.
see
Grey
Pat,
from
Coinneach,
which
see
under
Kenneth.
Mackerchar,
G.
Mackessack,
for
IPKesek.,
1507
from
Kessog
M'Fhearchair
1475
Makysonn,
Kessock.
see
son
Kessokissone,
1400
Kessoc, Kessan,
or
M'Isaac,
G.
(mostly
personal
Farquhar.
Isaac.
Also
Kessoksone,
1488
of
in
names
Menteith
circ.
Mackieson,
;
and
1500,
Makesone,
S.
Perth),
also
St.
OF
GAELIC
THE
G.
Mackillop,
Mackinlay,
Macfingon
Finghin,
Finghin,
"
fair-born
go7iio-s,
Gr.
Ir.
M.
"
root
Lat.
and
of horses
M'Fhionghuin,
(1400), 0. G.
G.
MACKINNON,
M.
G.
each).
Fionghuine,
girt);
(B. of Deer),
Fingiiine : ^ Vindo-
Ir.
of. for
and
KaA/Vtyei/i^s,
Mackintosh,
in
(M'V.),
g.
Ir.
gen.
E.
Finnguine,
and
Gr.
Finlay.
Fingun%
(fionn
is
/ (=ph)
Fhillipus, from
Filip), where
(seegaol
M'Fhionnla(idh) ; from
G.
407
LANGUAGE.
in proper
-yovos
the
Thane's
Mac-an-toisich,
partial
and
force
names.
(see tbiseach),
Mackintosh
Clan7ia-an-t6isaigh,Clans
(M'V.), Toissich
C lanu-an-toisigJi (1467 MS.), early
(D. of L.), Mackintoshes,
documents
M'Toschy
(1382).
G.
1632
Mackirdy,
M'Quiritei,
M'Urardaigh,
M'Urarthie,
;
1626
1547
in
1517
; Makmurrm'ty,
; Makwerarty,
; common
M.
ii.
son
G.
Bute
and
(muir
Arran
and
Mac-lachlan,
old,
from
whence
ceart);
G.
Maclagan,
of
also
M'Lachlainn
Lac/dan.
see
IVE'Lagain (Lathagain
Strathtay), documentary
Maklaagan
sed quid 1
M^Labhruinn
G.
Mac-larty,
M^Mutrie.
liPMurtrie,
G.
Mac-laren,
"
sea-director
"
MuircJieartack^
in
its
district
native
(1525)
of
^M^Gillaagan,
Lawrence.
; see
and
M^Labhartaigh
Lathartaich,
bheartach, Eng. Flaherty :
dominion-bearing
bearing
(seejlat/iand beartach).
G.
M'llleathain, for Gill' Sheathain, John
Mac-lean,
G.
Flaith-
from
"
"
"
or
princely-
"
M.
servant,
G.
documents
or
in
means
Mac-learnan,
Latin
so
G.
of
name
the
latter
Hebrew
from
this
Gilleeoin
(M'V.),
(1390)
Makgilleon
Ebin, John,
John
Giolla-eoin
"the
Lord
Gill'
Frnan,
saint
is
classic
the
being
(1467
MS.),
{Iain)
Seathain
gille and
; from
Seathan's
or
G.
for
the
name.
graciously gave."
Ernan's
St
"
Ferreolus,
The
gille.
"
Iron-one
from
ia^'unn.
Mac-leay,
or
M'An-leigh,
M^Conleif
(1498 in Easter
Kintyre), Dunslaf Makcorry
Ir.
G.
Doiinsleibhe, E.
from
similar
Capt.
Thomas
son,
their
in
Manx
name
traveller.
in
(not
dubh,
regarded
from
Ferchar
the
"
Lord
e.g.
of
the
Dubhsleibhe
of
M'Leays
Leche,
Brown
"
gen.
F.
thus
Hill,"
;
the
of the
see
as
Hill,"
other
Mac-phee).
north-west
the
1386, being
Assynt
The
Legge.
Cleg,
Appin
as
Livingstone, of whom
in
documents
Duindslebe,
sliabh
exist
names
descended
lands
and
donn
Ir.
M'An-leibh,
earlier
who
as
gets
physician,
M^An-leigh, physician's
M'Lea
clan
Englished
was
the
celebrated
408
ETYMOLOGICAL
M'Grillf
G.
Mac-lellan,
faelan
horn,
Fdilan,
fail,
Ir.
M.
Finden,
name,
head,"
Eng.
Finnan
which
Mac-lbod,
1540), documents
(B. of Deer),
and
century,
Norse
G.
Mac-martin,
G.
MS.,
Martin,
century
Gaulish
G.
Mac-master,
Mac-michael,
full
"Fair-
or
from
M.
G.
Gilleganan
Orkney
G.
in
; the
name
liuta, dissembler,
doubt
no
of
for
earlier
Leot
tenth
word
is
Eng. little.
Gillamartain^
chiefs) : Eng.
Cameron
the
the
Martinus,
the
of
name
famous
fourth
"martial."
means
M^Mhaighistir,
G.
M'Mhicheil,
of
(MS.
0.
Matheson.
see
it
L.), M'Leod
of the
son
doubtless
Master,
for
earlier
Gillamichol
Carmickael.
see
M'Mhaolain,
M''Glasha7i).
gille (cf.
To
Maolan
of
son
be
must
the
Bald
the
compared
Mailagni.
Ogmic
G.
Mac-nab,
M'Ghille-mhaoil,
G.
Mac-millan,
M*
(1467 MS.)
(odhar)
An-ataa,
:
John
Makaneduy,
"son
G.
m'
Abbot";
;
for
the
of
documents
lain
uidhir,
i"'
An-oighre, son
explained as
Makneivar
Cowal
(1685), John
(1681, Inverness).
M'Nuyer
iWAn-fkuibhir,
M''An-fhuidhir,
son
the
of
the
stranger's
is the
the
sept
(1390),
heir.
(1546,
Prof.
son
of
dun
or
be
appears
which
Dunoon)
in
fa.ber
is
M''Nuirs
Mackinnon
smith
and
of the
source
Perthshire
of
son,
Aha
Mac-inroy,
now
(1468), Macnayr
W-Inayr
as
The
name.
An
aba.
see
Mac
L.), J/'
of
(D.
ynnab
1556,
(cf. Makaneroy,
1526, now
Mac-indoe). Such
branch
Gairloch
M.
of the
M'An-uidhir
G.
Mac-nair,
in
the
century),
Norse
ancestor
saint;
of
earl
Ljdtr,
(!),Got.
;
an
Lat.
from
Mac-
Finnio,
white
Findbarr
(D.
common
M'Mhairtinn,
(1467
gen.
Ir.
century),
Vinnianus
(fourteenth
"ugly"
Ir.
fifteenth
was
0.
Giljillan.
Mac-lennan
M'Cloyd
Sagas
M'Mhathain
Mac-mahon,
Faeldn,
(1427).
G.
otherwise
L.), Gilla-
gille, documents
Madoyde
adj. meaning
an
M.
of
Finnan,
jinn, fionn,
Adamnan's
(1545),
M'Leoid,
St
and
deduced
Gilleownan
G.
of
pet form,
Skene
M''Gilla-agamnan,
Macneill
is
Fairfax.
q.v.
Adamnan'8
from
"
of
Ir.
Hence
fourteenth
Finnian,
Ir.
(D.
E.
slave,
Servant
in
Findbarrus
Finnionis
M'Gillelan
faol, wolf,
now
Giila-finnen (common
E.
G.
Fillan's
St
M'lllinnein,
G.
Mac-lennan,
haolain, M.
MS.),
(1467
DICTIONARY
in
Tho.
suggested
overlooked
should
nor
;
as
possible
etymology.
G.
Mac-naughton,
0.
nig
G.
of
Nectan,
nigh,
M*Neachdainn,
Pictish
wash.
Naiton
M.
G.
(Bede),
M'Neachtain
from
necht,
(1467),
pure,
root
OF
GAELIC
THE
G. M'Righ
Mac-nee,
; D.
1480
M'Kne,
1594;
mac-nia, champion 1
L.
of
409
LANGUAGE.
M'onee,
(Menteith
M'Me,
and
1613;
M'Knie,
Breadalbane).
From
MaJcneill
M*Neill, documents
(1427). See Neil.
Lat. Nicolas, Gr.
Mac-nicol, G. M^Neacail, M. G. M'Nicail, from
N
NichoUon.
Aas,
conquering people." Hence
the
Naois
M'Naois,
Mac-nish, G. M'Neis
being a dialectic
; from
form
of Aong^hus or Angus.
Mac-niven, G. M'Ghille-naoimh, the saintly gille (cf.for form in
form
Gilnew
Eng. Mac-glashan).
Documentary
M'llwedy
Ir.
Gill
M. G. and
of the
servant
a
Nanaemh,
(1506). The
different
The
Ir.
is
saints
M'Nevin
is
name.
a
(1467 MS.),
Nimhein
Mac
for JW'Cnaimhin.
{Oranaiche 520).
G.
Nac-neill,
"
iKo
Mac
M'Phail
G.
PHAiL,
M'a-Phi,
G.
Mac-phbe,
documents
(1467),
(duhh
peace
of Paul.
son
M'a
G.
M.
Macduffie
See
Paul.
of
slth).
and
the
G.
of
M.
G.
son
Parson,
M'Phearsain,
Mac-pherson,
M''a pharsone (D. of L.), documents
M^Inphersonis (1594 Acts
of Pari.).Bean
Makimpersone
(1490, Cawdor
Papers), Mak-
(1481,
f arson
Doncho
of
vie
Argyle)
Badenoch
Kilravock
1589
in
(who
Persoun
known
are
called
M'Walter
lands
has
vie
in
(xlassary
(vicar of Snizort, 1526). The
M''Farsane
; Tormot
M'Phersons
Archibald
Papers),
as
Cananaich
Clann
Mhuirich
the
Lat.
cafionicus,canon).
(from
Skye sept are
M. G. Guaire, M'Guaire
G. M'Guaire,
Mac-quarrie,
(1467 MS.),
of Ulva
in
(1481), M'Goire
Macquharry
(1463, Makquhory
Gadelic
Guaire, "^Gaurio-s, E. Ir. c/uaire, noble ;
1473) ; from
Gr.
Lat.
gaudeo, rejoice,
proud, exulting ; further
yav pos,
Eng. joy.
Sween
M'Cuinn, documents
McQueen
(1609, Clan
Chattan
Bond), M''Queyn (1543. Swyne then also as a personal
in
(1502, personal name
Huntly's Bond), Makquean
name,
M.
G.
tosh
also
^uibne,
Soyne
appears),
(1467 MS., Mackingen,
genealogy), IW'Soenith
(D. of L.), documents
Syffyn
(1269, the Kintyre Sweens), Ir. Suibhne
(Sweeney), E. Ir.
G.
Mac-queen,
Adamnan's
Subne,
going 1"
Ogam
The
Mac-queen
which
Mac-rae,
(1383
is referred
G.
in
is the
G.
in
Mac
Cf.
Norse
Jk/^Suain,
Arg.
best
to
root
(O'Duinn,
Duibne
gives
Pronounced
*Subnio-s,
opposite
Dovvinias
(gen.).
as
which
Suibneus
now
Cui'ne
ben, go
etc.)
"
Good
appears
in
dubhach, subhach.
Usually
Sveinn,
Eng. Sweyn, Norse
a
Mac-Swan,
Skye name.
for
or
M'Shuibhne,
Cuibhne,
M'Rath, M. G. gen.
Rothiemurchus), Ir.
Mecraith,
Macraith
documents
M^Crath
410
ETYMOLOGICAL
"
Son
Grace
of
DICTIONARY
Luck,"
or
rath,
from
q.v.
personal
name
Macbeth.
like
Mac-raild
under
see
Mac-ranald,
Harold.
M'Raonuill
G.
Mac-rury
Mac-rory,
Documents
Rory.
see
Ranald.
see
in
give Mahreury
1427.
of the priest.
son
M'An-t-Sagairt,
for
of Thomas
son
or
Mac-tavish,
M'Thaimhs,
M'Thamhais,
M.
G. Cljne Tawssi
M^Caivis
Tammas,
(D. of L.)" documents
M'Cause
and
(1494, 1488, in Killin of Lochtay).
G.
Makvicar
M'Bhiocair, documents
(1561, when
Mac-vicar,
lands
Son
the Vicar."
of
to
are
given near
him) :
Inveraray
G.
M.
G.
Mac-vurich,
M^Mhuirich,
Mhuireadhaigh
(M'V.) : the
Bardic
claimed
descent
from
the
family of M'Vurich
poet
Muireach
Albanach
call
selves
them(circ. 1200
a.d.). They now
Clann
Badenoch
with
the
confusion
Macphersons
by
G.
Mac-taggart,
G.
"
Mhuirich.
Niall,
G.
Neil,
Ir.,
so
*I^eillo-s,*Neid-s-loNorse
where
M'Neacail
inond), documents
Thormo^r,
(Dial.Tormailt,
wrath
alternates
Tormund
learned
Eng.,
into
spelling
Mac-nicol.
see
II.'s
(David
Tormode
the
Nigel,
as
was
etc.
Tormod
Tormoid,
G.
Norman,
Bk.
Domesday
borrowed
borrowed
thence
gen.
being
meaning
word
The
and
Nellis,
root, the
for
Mac-neill.
Nelson,
whence
G.
Nicholson,
in
Adamnan's
Niall,
niata
see
Njdll, JVjal,
as
it appears
Neil,
of
Ir.
Hence
"champion."
into
E.
of
with
Thor,
Eng.
Tormod
earlier
for
reign)
from
(1584,
Norse
The
mood.
1560)
Tor-
form
"Thor's
Tormailt
Dial.
for
whence
the
(cf. iarmailt
protection ;
phonetics). Cf. Gearmailt, Germany.
G.
Para), for GillePatrick,
Padruig, Parui^ (with pet form
Giollaphdtraicc,
phadruig, M. G. Gillapadruig, Ir. Pddraig,
Mac0, Ir. Patrice
from
Lat.
Patricius,
patrician. Hence
;
"
phatrick,
Pol
G.
Paul,
Paterson.
Pal
(Classic),
(C.S.);
from
Lat, Paulus,
from
paulus,
little,Eng. few.
Peter,
Philip,
G.
Peadair
(j. ;
so
see
; from
Lat.
Petrus, from
Gr.
Her/oos, rock,
stone.
Mackillop.
Ranald,
G.
OF
and
fame,
praise,
Hence
Rolertsons
Roderick,
Rory,
Ruadri,
0.
Ir.
W.
The
G.
Mac-robhie.
(1467 MS.), 0. G.
(Annals at 779, 814),
Rodri
rik,
Roderick
the
G.
as
reduced
and
the
"Famed-
means
root
same
red,
ruadh,
; from
Teutonic
and
hro^
fame."
bright
Ruaidri
Ruadrach
gen.
Rotri,
righ, king?
(from
M.
"
bright,
now
Donnchaidh),
E,
Ruadri,
ruler"
herht, bright,
Ruaidhri,
411
LANGUAGE.
( Claim
Ruairidh,
G.
Ir.
of
root
GAELIC
THE
The
righ).
rtgh, king
a
(old gen.)
Ruadri
from
N.
Hrorehr,
as
(Zimmer, who, however, regards
but
this in Galloway actually gives Rerik, APRerik,
M'-Crerik^
still
1490, 1579, thus disproving Zimmer's
view). M'Gririck
terminal
-ri,-reck
is
form
of
exists.
G.
Ross,
from
ros,
G.
Ruadh,
Roy,
Samuel,
G.
M.
G.
County
Ross,
name
named
so
promontory.
red.
Mac-inroy
Hence
(1555),
Makaneroy
earlier
,
son.
Ruaidh, Red John's
The
Samuel, Somhairle.
Somuirle
Somairli
(M'V.),
Sumarli^i,
^rora
Seaghdh,
Scheach,
Englished
Inverness
Ferchar
M.
Greenock
are
"
shaws
Ir.
in
The
from
; the
in
The
(1296),
of
"
from
influenced
name
in
SoMERLED
17th
century
Sutherland,
Taggart
Thomas,
G.
see
Hence
ToHQUiL,
the
and
Eng.
northern
Torcull
G.
of
G.
in
called
hence
Lovat
Mac-
etc.
; from
the
county
name.
Mac-taggart.
Tamhus
Mac-tavish,
form
White,
Suthurlanach
Tomas,
G.
and
Ayrshire
Sc.
Samuel.
see
Simpson,
of
name
In Argyle, the
Shaws
are
spelling and pronunciation.
Clann
Mhic-ghiWe-Sheathanaich.
Sim.
G.
This
the
Lovat
is
Simon,
personal name
;
Simmie's
which
the
the
M'Shimidh,
name
by
son,
is
known.
Hence
in
family
patronymically
Eng. Sime,
kiniTYiie,
M''Kim,
B.
in
female
the
in
Shaws
Schaw
southern
1234, M'Sithig
Highlands
Southern
De
Badenoch
in
wolf,
sidhach,
Scheoch, king's
Tho.
Macmallon
there
the
and
Jo.
1451,
Seth
Sythach
hlius
Sitheag was
common
(Shiak, Shihag).
Weem
in
latter
sailor.
Setk
as
M'Keich,
"^Sithech,
shaw,
1455-1462,
1224-33,
r3ally is Some.rled,
Norse
{MQl
MS.); from
sailor,"
mariner,
viking, "summer
lid'i,a follower,
Schiach
"cursors"
Deer
means
and
Se'ach,
Jo.
which
sumar
G.
or
the
; from
M'lain
for
Shaw,
Ros
Rosach,
M.
G.
Tamas
(1467
MS.).
Mac-comhie.
(Torcall) ;
Thorketill,
M'lllebhain
(M'F.),
which
;
son
see
Norse
from
under
of the
fair
Thorkell,
shorter
Mac-corquodale.
gille.
See
Bain
above.
412
ETYMOLOGICAL
William,
Uilleam, M.
the Eng.,
from
G.
of resohition"
(from
SOME
Beathag,
and
fem.
DIC'I
G.
0.
(1467 MS.)
William
Eng. Willelm,
ivill and
NATIVE
M.
lONARY.
Ger.
FEMALE
G.
the
Wilheha,
Hence
helm).
rowed
is bor-
''helmet
ac-william.
NAMES,
G.
Sophia,
Scots
form
allied
be
may
to
that
of
Brigit.
The
name
of
the
Gr.
and
the Teutonic
Berhta
name
goddess AcfipoSiTr)
(B/irg-ttct)
been
stem
as
Eng. bright),have
(from the same
compared to
that of Bridget (Hoffman, Bez. Beit, i^,290) ; but
tion
this derivaof Aphrodite ("foam-sprung'"?) is unusual.
G. Derbhfdil (M'V.), Ir.
M.
Diorbhail, Diorbhorguil, Dorothy,
ovan
Dearbhail, Dearbhforghaill, respectivelytranslated
by 0' Donand
"true
oath"
"true
request" (see aill)
(E. Ir.forgall,
0.
Ir. forcell, testimony, from
Hence
the
historic
geall).
name
Devorgilla.
rionnaghal, Flora, M. G. Fionnghuala
(1469 MS.), documents
Ir.
Finvola
Finnghuala \ "Fair(1463), Fynvola
(1409),
"
shouldered
M6r, M6rag,
; from
Sarah,
M.
fionn
G.
"
from
muir
and
guala.
(M'V.),
Ir. Mor
Mor
and
geal.
M.
G.
Euphemia,
Effric (D. of L.), med.
documents
Africa, Ir. Aithbhric, older Ajfraic (two abbesses
called
and
Kildare
in 738
of
so
833) ; from Africa ?
God's
Norse
Raqnhildis,
Raonaild, Raonaid, Rachel
; from
"
sea-white
Oighrig,
Eighrig,
"
"
"
want,
wane.
by
century).
Una, daughter
Keating as Conn
of the
King
Cedcathach's
of Lochlan,
mother
is represented
(second
OTHER
WORKS
DR
by
MACBAIN,
M.A., LLD.
THE
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and
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2nd
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by
to
MATHESON,
Various
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of
Genealogies
CLAN
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192
ADVERTISEMENTS.
THE
NAMES
PLACE
D.
OF
late
F.E.I.S.,
Matheson,
OPINIONS
This
contains
book
places
of
majority
be
cases,
ingenuity
and
the
The
Elginshire.
in
208
THE
and
names
accepted
the
for
given
original
6s.
PRESS.
and
correct,
as
tion,
Institu-
1905.
pages.
of
etymologies
etymologies
detecting
in
OF
By
Anderson's
Headmaster,
Illustrations.
Eight
Elgin.
ELGINSHIRE.
the
of
thousand
names.
the
research
Banffshire
"
Celtic
in
may,
show
of them
some
iorm
about
names
"
Journal."
Matheson
Mr
of
important
embodying
original
considers
all
"
Mr
D.
of
the
is
Elginshire"
interested
in
historic
some
of
with
of
of
of
be
in
all
the
best
will
it
"
both
If
and
its
serve
all the
to
purpose
otheir
tively
compara-
aid
The
eral
gen-
reading
the
to
is
work
The
valuable
Press."
will
work
place
full 'accord
in
not
revel
be
the
in
the
the
none
book
glory
less
that
one
as
touches
sensitive
some
and
that
"
swear
it
more
and
instruct
still further
interests
the
will
him.
read
the
in
"
"
he
at
the
countrymen
interest
its wake.
in
follow
be
will
his
interest
growing
the
Elginshire,
at
large"
of
names
critics
if hostile
read,
be
awaken
to
to
interpretations.
Matheson
the
on
and
company;
his
work
does,
it
as
language are
delight is to
Mr
names
and
them,
on
of
list
one
Chronicle."
exhaustive.
heartily recommend
We
instruct,
of
Every
their
Free
his
but
slowly
Names
cally
systematiplace names
alphabetical order,
in detail, a
full index
being
the
to
contribution
rapidly-
it much
Whose
classics.
working
in
as
and
race
the
to
Place
the
fanciful
in
"
Northern
relating,
Aberdeen
"
of
account.
of
and
find
recruit
the
and
institution,
pages.
As
"
"
with
from
excellence,
will
subject,
200
i^garded
free
names
extreme
views
more
will
more
the
his
the
the
on
notable
and
be
by
latest
do.
dealt
a
names,
may
views
and
interest
spots
the
work
it.
will
is
nomenclature.
that
on
educational
over
have
are
book
it
academic
popular
each
place
place
of
mere
will
in
Matheson's
those
of
book
oommendably
and
topogTaphical
Mr
the
The
county,
student
His
should
names
end.
small
most
an
is
Times,"
volume
facts,
names
the
scholarly,
of
head
place-names.
on
literature
growing
the
of great
interest, going over
The
taken
parish.
parishes are
place
;at
"
is
book
the
given
the
view
the
most
Elginshire
interesting subject, as
least
the
at
original form,
Matheson
is evidently a
Mr
of
this
not
sensible
"Isiortheru
place
parish by
and
records
on
if
handsome
with
This
seems
lately
authors
increasing
old
Journal."
Matheson,
editor
now
This
Daily
"
the
information
approximately,
very
sound.
philologist.
of
sources
Oban
on
topography
Weekly
News."
THE
Original
Ink
Drawings.
Fscap
4to., 3s
Illustrated
Sources.
from
64
Pages.
We
Northern
The
original
have
seldom
By
1898.
Original
20
by
Pen
(Scot.).
F.S.A.
an
and
6d.
OF
OPINIONS
"
Related
SHERIFFMUIR.
OF
BATTLE
seen
more
PRESS.
THE
dainty
production
than
this
quarto.
"
Chronicle."
author
anonymous
authorities
as
the
has
told
despatches
the
of
story
Mar
and
of
the
fight
Argyle
and
from
sucii
Freebaim's
ADVERTISEMEMTS.
Perth
work
of
of
is
unpretentious narrative
is
acquainted
evidently
thoroughly
who
The
battlefield.
the
valuable
His
1715.
of
one
and
plan
bird's-eye
chiefly
with
the
"
helpful.
are
the
as
topograpliy
"
GlasgoAv
Herald."
Tlie
related
facts
actual
and
THE
of
the
from
described,
originial
its Heroes.
end
James
By
1897.
late
information,
historical
to
gave
ever
were
The
book
"
"
and
for
every
THE
320
ability
the
volume
weakest
in
justly-merited
which
the
"
"
panegyric
containing
volume,
ought to
their
for
field.
the
in
be
interesting
is
every
clothe
and
group
he
now
there
in
right,
of
and
then
stirring
as
subjecit stirs
as
to
books
The
.
courage
a
the
in
ally
Especi-
writer.
store
and.
present
claimed
The
one
Illustrated.
well-informed,
proved
this
penned.
strengthens
with
concludes
Brigade.
Appendix
with
PRESS.
and
writer
undaunted
Oban
as
often
illustrations, is
The
of
ever
and
Battles
Edition,
accumulated
...
is too
noted
Highland
other
pulse,
which
might
had
In
fictionist
Its
Cromb,
THE
ready
he
conspicuously
were
public.
the
quickens
was
skill
his
figures
as
OF
matters
and
the
narrative
the
Oromb
James
Highland
on
clearly
very
6d.
3s
OPINIONS
The
New
L,
are
Scotsman."
"
D.
by
locality
""
sources.
Cromb.
War
Boer
of
pages.
the
BRIGADE
HIGHLAND
to
of
and
event
struggle
blood,
the
against
Brigade
Highland
Oban
Telegrapli."
the
on
men
of
Highland
the
and
portraits
many
household.
Times."
work
is
Gael.
LIFE
the
pages.
in
produced
patriotic
"
"
Highland
Alexander
1901.
style, and
2s
should
be
in
the
library
News."
MACDONALD.
FLORA
OF
Rev.
excellent
M.A.
MacGregor,
By
Illustrated.
152
6d.
than
his
of
knew
of
more
probably
MacGregor,
Inverness,
any
of
and
folk-lore
the
Outer
of
the
contemporaries
history, traditions,
of
Hebrides
events
and
in particular he
an
authority on
was
Skye, and
the
Flora
of
Macdonald
is clearly the
Life
His
eighteenth century.
had
studied
work
of a man
who
knew
who
his subject thoroughly,
thing
everyin a spirit
with
who
wrote
connected
the distinguished
heroine, and
leaders
in
the
of
with
the
and
their
sympathy
Highlanders
genuine
in the
of the
The
which
memorable
'45.
they played
part
great drama
is admirably
illustrated
and
book
visitors to the Highlands
got up
; the
many
will
in especial welcome
it.
Scotsman."
The
eminent
Rev.
Alexander
Gaelic
scholar, and
was
as
a
MacGregor
of the
the
contributor
best of
to the literature
Highlands.
as
a
Probably
the
readers
and
his writings, and
which
will
find
most
one
certainly
throws
Life of Flora
is his
Macdonald."
So long as
admirers,
romance
her
brilliant
the '45, so long will a corner
of the garment
plaid over
cover
the
heroic
maiden
adventure
of
the
whose
behalf
on
fugitive Prince
of song
and
Mr
Charlie
has
been
the fruitful
theme
MacGregor
story.
with
fervour
who
writes
with
and
would
such
not
Highland
as
a
subject
his narrative
is full of incident.
One
of the portraits is a reproduction
of
Allan
Herald."
painting of the heroine.
Ramsay's
Glasgow
Mr
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
ADVERTISEMENTS.
THE
OF
HISTORY
of
part
all called
"
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J.
by
time
6d.
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Province
of
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408
MORAY
Nairn,
greater
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before
Shaw.
there
down
424
was
in
edition,
New
brought
pages,
the
of
portion
Moray
and
Gordon.
S.
and
Lachlan
By
Enlarged
F.
OF
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of
Counties.
into
Three
10s
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County
the
of Banff
Counties
the
Comprising
PROVINCE
to
present
479
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CONTENTS.
Introductions
Druids
Language
"
Celts
and
Names
"
Picts
Invasion
Religion
"
Inhabitants
Early
"
Roman
"
Culdees
"
Historians
Early
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Houses
"
Dress
"
of
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Gordon,
Duff,
Shaw,
Fam:ly
Leslies,
Innes,
Duchart,
Macpherson,
Moray,
Parish
Rose,
Political
History
Roman,
Military
"
THE
History
Churches,
Protestant
Chisholm
Macdonald,
Lovat,
late
F.
Excursus
with
and
227
LL.D.
Skene,
LL.D.,
Notes,
by
OPINIONS
beginner
The
reading
with
"
due
"
Saturday
"
Dundee
In
It
by
its
the
"
Mac
or
vols.
Bain,
A.,
Buckram
history
PRESS.
do
can
Scotland,"
of
better
nothing
by
Skene,
than
start
edited
by
his
Mac-
history
and
of
explained
the
Clans
Highland
MacBain,
Dr
by
is
the
interesting.
editor
of
Respect
the
work.
"
this
form
present
will
book
be
valuable
more
than
it
ever
was.
"
Advertiser."
was
happy
of
have
since
deserves
Sootsmar.."
the
on
Skene's
to
first
Picts
in
the
This
issue.
Celtic
on
Chambers'
"
in
with
library
the
work,
critical
the
authority
Highlanders,
place
reprint
embody
its
high
article
of
thought
which
notes
elapsed
excellent
well
6d;
Edited,
(Scot.).
Alexander
THE
OF
Highlanders
views
MacBain,
edition
By
Review."
means
that
and
Primitive,
"
Times.''
origin
to
Celtic
in
The
"
Oban
"
The
is
Brodie,
Civil
"
6d.
12s
Bain.
"
by
'Mackintosh,
"
Culbin,
History
History
F.S.A.
10s
1902.
pages.
Parish
"
SCOTLAND
OF
William
Cumming,
Ecclesiastical
"
"
etc.
etc.,
HIGHLANDERS
the
Geography
"
Natural
"
Province
Description
Farquharson
"
Cialder,
the
of
Buchanan's
"
of
Dr
every
and
labour
task
was
matters,
to
of
bring
it up
the
seventy
confided
to
whom
Encyclopcedia."
MacBain's
student
learned
of
Scottish
to
to' Dr
we
owe
This
date
years
ander
Alexthe
new
annotations,
history.^
"
ADVERTISEMENTS.
THE
devoted
Journal
Lore,
Mackenzie
Alexander
Rev.
the
13
vols.
10s
o'
Inverness),
of
and
MacBain.
Dr
Gd, each.
articles, etc.,
OF
those
are
in
PRESS.
THE
"
delight.
take
Highlanders
which
John
"
Journal.
Groats
No
one
profit,
Alexander
by
Society
M.A.,
MacGregor,
OPINIONS
The
Gaelic
of the
(late Secretary
and
Conducted
abroad.
of
Interests
Material
and
Social
the
and
home
at
Literature,
and
Traditions,
Celt
the
the
to
Monthly
MAGAZINE.
CELTIC
can
"
instruction.
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The
"
and
Farquharson
Foresters.
true
every
As
the
illustrated
in
Davidson,
the
M'Combie
W.
3s
last
John
of
lives
190
Smith.
Illustrations.
the
in
POACHING
Alexander
By
and
of
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the
into
way
OF
of Scotland.
Highlands
l^ortraits
its
Highlander."
ROMANCE
THE
pleasure,
of
something
finding
Scotsman."
find
to
Greenock
"
without
pages
American
"
ought
Magazine
Highlander.
its
open
Free-
the
of
1904.
pages.
6d.
CONTENTS.
John
Farquharson
Deer-Stalking
Outwitted
"
Stalkers
"
"
the
How
and
Sportsmen
"
"
Reads
Deer
Deer
"
Dream
Grampians
Old
the
Off
Sixty
in
and
Sportsjnan
Seconds"
its Fulfilment
in
Gamekeepers
"
Initiating
"
Shot
Lesson
"
School
Fox
"
"
Stalking
Chasing
Davidson.
like
more
^Seven
"
of
Carried
were
Sold
the
on
Poacher
Blockade
the
Alexander
Lost
"
with
Keepers
Running
"
Nell
iLanavey
"
Days
Two
"
than
romance
plain
naiintive
"
facts.
of
"
Stirling
Observer."
HECTOR
MACDONALD:
Life.
David
By
Brigade
Its
158
THE
The
L.
Battles
pages.
FEUDS
OF
and
Mxxxi.
wrote
3s
6d.
unto
in
the
M.A.
Conflicts
and
of
among
in
the
First
MDCXix.
reign
etc.
CLANS
and
Scotland
Heroes,"
THE
the
of
of
2s
Macgregor,
Parts
Its
Author
1903.
Alexander
Feuds
Cromb.
King
of
Story
"The
His
Highland
Nine
tions.
Illustra-
6d.
the
By
with
together
the
Clans
Western
in
Isles,
published
.James
the
in
VI."
1764
176
Rev.
History
the
Northern
from
"from
pages.
of
the
year
a
MS.
1907.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
SUPERSTITIONS,
HIGHLAND
Druids,
the
with
Sacred
Hallowe'en,
of
instances
Alexander
anns
Albannach
bheil
am
air
Part
THUG
Tale
by
John
1.
NA
Schools,
AN
SMEORACH
AM
BRU-DHEARG
and
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edited
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with
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fuinn,
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Is ;
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By
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for
mainly
By
Mavis),
in
use
3d.
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md
Two
collections
GAELIC.
By
Robin).
3d
Music.
IN
each.
8d.
AND
CONVERSATION
GAELIC
Is
3d.
Malcolm
LESSONS
TO
nan
AIR
Poems,
(The
ELEMENTARY
Lachlan
ri'm
Paper,
Illustrated,
(The
of Gaelic
Melody).
duanagan
DO
Gaelic
selected
by
6d.
MacCormick.
THAGHTE.
DAIN
is
maille
SPEIS
MacFarlane.
Malcolm
2s.
LEABHRAN-SGOIL
CLOINNE.
Rev.
Stirling.
orain
2s
TREORAICHE,
SON
the
By
(Bardic
dain,
curious
issued
foillseachadh
am
several
1901.
pages.
BARD
Pharlain.
Gaelic
GUIDE
64
Seoond-Sight,
Beliefs.
MACKAY.
NAM
and
PUBLICATIONS
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AN
M.A.
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RELIQUIAE
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LITERATUBE
AND
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EADAR-THEANGAICHTE.
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MODERN
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6d
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THE
Conducted
13
NAMES
Matheson.
W.
Volumes,
J.
By
PERIODICAL
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Vols.
NOTES.
Mackintosh.
New
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Demy
ANTIQUARIAN
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8vo.
Parish
PRESS,
edited
8vo.
Demy
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by
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NOTES.
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6d
forte)
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adding
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ENEAS
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o
"H
cd
o
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A.
PB
An
the
1563
etymological
Gselic
dictionary
language
jy^T^^iCAL
-OH
MED?
Toronto
institute:
J
5,
Canada
of
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