One Sample t Test for Mean

H0: µ = 3 (The average number of TV sets in M’sia homes is equal to 3) H0: µ ≥ 3 (The average number of TV sets in M’sia homes is at least 3) H0: µ ≤ 3 (The average number of TV sets in M’sia homes is at most 3)
H1: µ ≠ 3 (The average number of TV sets in M’sia homes is not equal to 3) H1: µ < 3 (The average number of TV sets in M’sia homes is less than 3) H1: µ > 3 (The average number of TV sets in M’sia homes is more than 3)
α = 0.05, d.f = n – 1 = 99 α = 0.05, d.f = n – 1 = 99 α = 0.05, d.f = n – 1 = 99
n = 100, X = 2.84, s = 0.8 n = 100, X = 2.84, s = 0.8 n = 100, X = 2.84, s = 0.8
Critical Value: tα/2,n-1 = t0.025,99 = ±1.98 Critical Value: tα,n-1 = t0.05,99 = −1.658 Critical Value: tα,n-1 = t0.05,99 = +1.658
Decision Rule: Decision Rule: Decision Rule:
Reject H0 if t > 1.98 or t < −1.98 Reject H0 if t < −1.658 Reject H0 if t > 1.658
Test Statistics: Test Statistics: Test Statistics:
X − µ 2.84 − 3 X − µ 2.84 − 3 X − µ 2.84 − 3
t= = = −2 t= = = −2 t= = = −2
s 0.8 s 0.8 s 0.8
n 100 n 100 n 100
Decision: Decision: Decision:
t = −2 less than tα/2,n-1 = −1.98, reject H0 at α = 0.05 t = −2 less than tα,n-1 = −1.658, reject H0 at α = 0.05 t = −2 less than tα,n-1 = 1.658, do not reject H0 at α = 0.05
Conclusion: Conclusion: Conclusion:
There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average number There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average number There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the average
of TV sets in M’sia homes is not equal to 3. of TV sets in M’sia homes is less than to 3. number of TV sets in M’sia homes is more than to 3.

p-value = P(t > 2) + P(t < −2) p-value = P(t < −2) p-value = P(t > −2)
α/2 = 0.025 α/2 = 0.025 α = 0.05 α = 0.05

-1.98 0 1.98 t99 -1.658 0 t99 0 1.658 t99

-2.0 2.0 -2.0 -2.0
α = 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 α = 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 α = 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005
v = 40 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 v = 40 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 v = 40 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704
60 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 60 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 60 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660
120 1.658 1.980 < t < 2.358 2.617 120 1.658 1.980 < t < 2.358 2.617 120 1.658 1.980 < t < 2.358 2.617
∞ 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 ∞ 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 ∞ 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576

(0.01)(2) < p-value < (0.025)(2) = 0.02 < p-value < 0.05 0.01 < p-value < 0.025 1 – (0.01 < p-value < 0.025) = 0.975 < p-value < 0.99
p-value < 0.05, reject H0 p-value < 0.05, reject H0 p-value > 0.05, do not reject H0