Low pressure system

deoxygenated

from Right ventricle to alveolar capillaries

Transport deoxygenated blood
Features

some evaporates
sucked by lymphatics

Blood flow through the lungs

features

driving fluid into airspace

active Na+ transport

is the output of R.ventricle

normally, some fluid in fluid in alveoli

most sucked into interstitium

-8mmHg

imbalance in starling force

in active mechanisms for its removal

oxygenated

from alveolar capillaries to L. Atrium.

PAO

Bronchial artery empty partly into P.vein

25/0 mmHg

Right Ventricle

Pressures

Left Ventricle has slightly more

25/10 mmHg
Pulmonary artery

distance for O2 to diffuse

compliance

surface tension

Pressures

fluid crosses alveolar membrane

alveolar oedema
severe

death by suffocation
filtration

accumulation of fluid

fluid in airways

Interstitial oedema

Pulmonary Oedema
Pulmonary capillary P

Cap. Pressure > 25mmHg

remove more fluid

can manage capillary pressure of 40mmHG

oedema

PCWP

in blood loss
significant oedema

lymphatics expand

can fall 50%

Pulmonary oedema

Local control of blood flow

ANS

Hypoxia

unusual
most vessels are dilated

divert blood to well ventilated alveoli

COAD / High altitude
pulmonary resistance

PAP

Interstitial fluid pressure

lack a strong supporting structure

Features
Alveolar capillaries

Interstitial Fluid Oncoid P

distended by capillary blood pressure

Starling forces
effect gravity

Plasma protein Colloid Osmotic pressure

29 mmHg

local vasodilators cause local

vasodilatation
but, widespread hypoxic
vasoconstriction

venous side ~ 2mmHG

15mmHg

Pulmonary congestion

low alveolar O2 causes local vasoconstriction

Pulmonary Capillary pressure

pulmonary capillaries fairly leaky to

plasma proteins

in L.Ventricle failure

minor

Pneumonia

6 mmHG in pulmonary

-8mmHg

sympathetic constriction of P.veins

can increase double

CVR 13 - Pulmonary
Circulation

interstitial pressure

arterial side 15mmHG

shift blood from pulmonary to systemic circulation

Blood volume of lungs

chronic

leakage of fluid and plasma proteins

28mmHG

used to measure Left Atrial Pressure

measure Left atrial pressure

450 ml

fluid in interstitial space

17 mmHg in muscle

~ 2mmHG (2-6)

left ventricle failure

damage to capillary membrane

alveolar oedena

~ 6mmHg (6-10)

Pulmonary capillaries

Pulmonary venous pressure

if reach +ve interstitial fluid P

15 mmHg

mean PA

fluid accumulation in interstitium

6 + 15 + 8
28 mmHg

on Standing

Zone 1

Effects of gravity

1 mmHg out into interstitial space

a small continuous flow

net

Palv = atmospheric pressure

hydrostatic pressure influences pulmonary blood flow

blood pressure is reduced above cardiac level
at the apex of the lung

moving out
Moving in

but compressed by alveolar air pressure

Net filtration

no flow

capillary systolic pressure lower than alveoli

pressure is reduced above heart level

at middle of lung
flow in the lungs

Zone 2

intermittent flow

capillary systolic pressure more

but capillary diastolic pressure lower than alveolar

base of the lung

Zone 3

CVR 13 by Abdullah.mmap - 19/05/2011 - Mindjet

continuous flow

capillary diastolic & systolic pressure > alveoli