Test On Stylistics

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@@@ General notes on style and stylistics
$$$ 1 C
What levels are tropes and figures organized into?
A. Phonetic, graphical, lexical, grammatical devices.
B. Graphical, lexical, syntactical, lexico-syntactic devices.
C. Phonetic, graphical, lexical, syntactical, lexico-syntactic devices.
D. Phonetic, graphical, lexical, grammatical devices.
E. Lexical, syntactical, lexico-syntactic, grammatical devices.
$$$ 2 B
Which ones are not terms to denote particular means by which utterances are fore
grounded?
A. Expressive means.
B. Morphemes.
C. Stylistic means.
D. Stylistic markers.
E. Tropes.
$$$ 3 A
How many styles does Galperin distinguish in present-day English?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6
E. 2
$$$ 4 E
What is not a part of newspaper style by Galperin?
A. Brief News Items.
B. Headlines.
C. Advertisements and Announcements.
D. The Editorial.
E. Emotive Prose.
$$$ 5 D
Who insists on the validity of the newspaper style theory?
A. Galperin
B. Kozhina
C. Morokhovsky
D. Arnold
E. Likhosherst
$$$ 6 E
In the handbook by Morokhovsky, Vorobyova, Likhosherst the following

classification of style is given:
A. Official; scientific; artistic; publicistic; of daily intercourse (=colloquial..
B. Official business style; scientific professional style; publicistic style; literary
colloquial style.
C. Poetic style; scientific style; newspaper style; colloquial style.
D. Belles lettres; publicistic style; newspapers; scientific prose; official documents.
E. Official business style; scientific professional style; publicistic style; literary
colloquial style; familiar colloquial style.
$$$ 7 D
What is Galperins classification?
colloquial style.
$$$ 8 A
What styles of language does Kozhina list?
colloquial style.
$$$ 9 A
What style is the style of reporting and conveying serious scientific idea?
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Publicistic.
D. Colloquial.
E. Artistic.
$$$ 10 C
What style has brevity of expression, strong logic, strict organization of syntactical
structure and a wide system of syntactical connection belong to?
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Publicistic.
D. Colloquial.
E. Artistic.
$$$ 11 C
A part of what style is newspaper style considered to be?
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Publicistic.
D. Colloquial.
E. Artistic.
$$$ 12 E
The basic function of what style is informative and aesthetic?
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Publicistic.
D. Colloquial.
E. Belles-Lettres.
$$$ 13 B
What word demonstrates the maximum of aesthetic value?
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Publicistic.
D. Colloquial.
E. Belles-Lettres.
$$$ 14 E
What words are also stylistically heterogeneous?
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Publicistic.
D. Colloquial.
E. Archaic.
$$$ 15 C
What words are either formal synonyms of ordinary neutral words?
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Bookish.
D. Colloquial.
E. Archaic.
$$$ 16 D
Words originally borrowed from a foreign language?
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Bookish.
D. Barbarisms.
E. Informal.
$$$ 17 A
New creations?
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Bookish.
D. Barbarisms.
E. Informal.
$$$ 18 B
Words used in special (professional) spheres?
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Bookish.
D. Barbarisms.
E. Informal.
$$$ 19 E
Colloquial words which demonstrate the minimal degree of stylistic degradation?
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Bookish.
D. Barbarisms.
E. Informal.
$$$ 20 C
Words which appear in professional or social groups as informal?
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Jargon.
D. Barbarisms.
E. Bookish.
$$$ 21 D
Words which are considered too offensive for polite usage?
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Jargon.
D. Vulgarisms.
E. Bookish.
$$$ 22 D
Words and phrases the lexical meanings of which have nothing indecent or on the
whole, improper about them?
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Jargon.
D. Stylistic vulgarisms.
E. Bookish.
$$$ 23 C
Words of general use, possessing no specific stylistic reference?
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Neutral words.
E. Bookish words.
$$$ 24 E
What words dont belong to the group of colloquial words?
A. Slang.
B. Jargonisms.
C. Professionalisms.
D. Vulgarisms.
E. Bookish words.
$$$ 25 E
What words belong to the group of literary words?
A. Slang.
B. Jargonisms.
C. Professionalisms.
D. Vulgarisms.
E. Bookish words.
$$$ 26 C
What is a word or phrase used as the name of something, especially one that
connected with a particular subject or used in a particular type of language?
A. Slang.
B. Jargonism.
C. Term.
D. Vulgarism.
E. Professionalism.
$$$ 27 A
Words which are used in poetry?
A. Poetic.
B. Jargonism.
C. Term.
D. Vulgarism.
E. Professionalism.
$$$ 28 A
What words are in the stage of gradually passing out of general use?
A. Obsolescent.
B. Archaic proper.
C. Term.
D. Vulgarism.
E. Professionalism.
$$$ 29 C
What words have already gone completely out of use but are still recognized by the
English-speaking community?
A. Obsolescent.
B. Archaic proper.
C. Obsolete.
D. Vulgarism.
E. Professionalism.
$$$ 30 B
Words which are no longer recognizable in modern English, words that were in use
in Old English and which have either dropped out of the language entirely or have
changed in their appearance so much that they have become unrecognizable?
A. Obsolescent.
B. Archaic proper.
C. Obsolete.
D. Vulgarism.
E. Professionalism.
$$$ 31 D
Words of foreign origin which have not entirely been assimilated into the English
language?
A. Obsolescent.
B. Archaic proper.
C. Obsolete.
D. Barbarisms.
E. Professionalism.
$$$ 32 E
They are not registered by English dictionaries, except in a kind of addenda?
A. Obsolescent.
B. Archaic proper.
C. Obsolete.
D. Barbarisms.
E. Foreignisms.
$$$ 33 E
What is a coinage?
A. It is the second group of archaic words.
B. It is the aging process when the word becomes rarely used.
C. It is the category of obsolescent words.
D. It is the terminological borrowing.
E. It is a newly invented word or phrase.
$$$ 34 A
What are obsolete words?
A. It is the second group of archaic words.
B. It is the aging process when the word becomes rarely used.
C. It is the category of obsolescent words.
D. It is the terminological borrowing.
E. It is a newly invented word or phrase.
$$$ 35 B
A group of words that exists in almost every language and whose aim is to preserve
secrecy within one or another social group?
A. Poetry.
B. Jargon.
C. Terms.
D. Vulgarisms.
E. Professionalisms.
$$$ 36 D
A deviation from the established norm at the level of the vocabulary of the
language?
A. Poetry.
B. Jargon.
C. Terms.
D. Slang.
$$$ 37 E
The words used in a definite trade, profession or calling by people connected by
common interests both at work and at home?
A. Poetry.
B. Jargon.
C. Terms.
D. Slang.
$$$ 38 D
The words which in the process of integration of the English national language
remained beyond its literary boundaries, and their use is generally confined to a
definite locality?
A. Poetry.
B. Jargon.
C. Terms.
D. Dialectal words.
$$$ 39 D
Expletives and swear words which are of an abusive character?
A. Poetry.
B. Jargon.
C. Terms.
D. Vulgarisms.
$$$ 40 A
Nonce-words of a colloquial nature?
A. Colloquial Coinages.
B. Jargon.
C. Terms.
D. Vulgarisms.
@@@ Neutral, common, literary and colloquial vocabulary
$$$ 41 A
Two negative words in a sentence
A. Double negative.
B. Continuous infinitive passive.
C. Onomatopoeia.
D. Dialectical words.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 42 A
The construction whereby a passive infinitive directly follows a passive verb
A. Double negative.
C. Double passive.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 43 E
The s construction after the of-construction
A. Double negative.
C. Double passive.
E. Double possessive.
$$$ 44 E
A stopping short for rhetorical effect
A. Antithesis.
B. Apokoinu constructions.
C. Antonomasia.
D. Anticlimax.
E. Aposiopesis.
$$$ 45 D
A special type of predicate which presents a crossing of two predicates a verbal
predicate and a nominal predicate
A. Double negative.
C. Double passive.
D. Double predicate.
E. Double genitive.
$$$ 46 D
It combines the features of two different types of predicate: the simple verbal
predicate, expressed by a notional verb denoting an action or process performed by
the person/non-person expressed by the subject, and the compound nominal
predicate, expressed by a noun or an adjective which denotes the properties of the
subject in the same way as the predicative of the compound nominal predicate
proper does
A. Double negative.
C. Double passive.
E. Double genitive.
$$$ 47 B
A deliberate omission of at least one member of the sentence
A. Double negative.
B. Ellipsis.
C. Double passive.
E. Double genitive.
$$$ 48 B
Omission of certain members of the sentence
A. Double negative.
B. Ellipsis.
C. Double passive.
E. Double genitive.
$$$ 49 B
It is one of typical phenomena in conversation
A. Double negative.
B. Ellipsis.
C. Double passive.
E. Double genitive.
$$$ 50 E
Materialises a concept in the word, but, unlike logical meaning, it has reference not
directly to things or phenomena of objective reality, but to the feelings and
emotions of the speaker towards these thighs or to his emotions as such
A. Scientific meaning.
C. Bookish meaning.
D. Continuous infinitive.
E. Emotional meaning.
$$$ 51 E
It bears reference to things, phenomena or ideas through a kind of evaluation of
them
C. Bookish meaning.
E. Evaluative meaning.
$$$ 52 E
Materialises a concept in the word, but, unlike logical meaning, it has reference not
directly to things or phenomena of objective reality, but to the feelings and
emotions of the speaker towards these thighs or to his emotions as such
C. Bookish meaning.
E. Stylistic meaning.
$$$ 53 E
It has function to reveal the subjective, evaluating attitude of the writer to the
things or events spoken of
C. Bookish meaning.
E. Connotative meaning.
$$$ 54 D
An evident increase in the volume of the corresponding concepts
A. Logical climax.
B. Climax.
C. Emotive climax.
D. Quantitative climax.
E. Anticlimax.
$$$ 55 B
A SD by which separate things, objects, phenomena, properties, actions are named
one by one so that they produce a chain
B. Enumeration.
C. Bookish meaning.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 56 D
An extended simile, sustained expression of likeness
B. Enumeration.
C. Bookish meaning.
D. Epic simile.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 57 D
What words are employed in non-official everyday communication?
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Bookish.
D. Colloquial.
E. Archaic.
$$$ 58 A
A SD akin to a proverb, the only difference being that epigrams are coined by
individuals whose names we know, while proverbs are the coinage of the people
A. Epigram.
B. Enumeration.
C. Bookish meaning.
D. Homeric simile.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 59 A
A terse, witty, pointed statement, showing the ingenious turn of mind of the
originator
A. Epigram.
B. Enumeration.
C. Bookish meaning.
D. Homeric simile.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 60 C
The end of successive sentences (clauses. is repeated
A. Epigram.
B. Enumeration.
C. Epiphora.
D. Homeric simile.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 61 C
The main stylistic function of it is to add stress to the final words of the sentence
A. Epigram.
B. Enumeration.
C. Epiphora.
D. Homeric simile.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 62 D
Foregrounding the emotive meaning of the word to suppress its denotational
meaning
A. Epigram.
B. Enumeration.
C. Epiphora.
D. Epithet.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 63 D
It is the most widely used lexical SD
A. Epigram.
B. Enumeration.
C. Epiphora.
D. Epithet.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 64 D
This SD expresses characteristics of an object, both existing and imaginary
A. Epigram.
B. Enumeration.
C. Epiphora.
D. Epithet.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 65 D
A stylistic device based on the interplay of emotive and <logical meaning> in an
attributive word, phrase or even sentence, used to characterise and object and
pointing out to the reader, and frequently imposing on him, some of the properties
or features of the object with the aim of giving an individual perception and
evaluation of these features or properties
A. Epigram.
B. Enumeration.
C. Epiphora.
D. Epithet.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 66 D
This stylistic device structurally there should be differentiated: single, pairs, chains
or strings, two-step structures, inverted constructions, phrase-attributes
A. Epigram.
B. Enumeration.
C. Epiphora.
D. Epithet.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 67 A
A sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing
A. Euphony.
B. Enumeration.
C. Epiphora.
D. Epithet.
E. Emotive meaning.
$$$ 68 E
They are phonetic, morphological, word-building, lexical, phraseological and

syntactical forms which exist in language-as-a-system for the purpose of logical
and/or emotional intensification of the utterance
A. Euphony.
B. Enumerations.
C. Epiphoras.
D. Epithets.
E. Expressive means.
$$$ 69 A
Use of words in contextual and very often in more than one <dictionary meaning>,
or at least greatly influenced by the lexical environment
A. Features of belles-lettres style.
B. Features of newspaper style.
C. Features of official style.
D. Features of publicist style.
E. Features of scientific style.
$$$ 70 A
A vocabulary which will reflect to a greater or lesser degree of author's personal
evaluation of things or phenomena
$$$ 71 A
A peculiar individual selection of vocabulary and syntax, a kind of lexical and
syntactical idiosyncrasy
$$$ 72 A
The introduction of the typical features of colloquial language to a full degree (in
plays. or a lesser one (in emotive prose. or a slight degree, if any (in poems.
$$$ 73 A
Individual, distinctive properties, aesthetic-cognitive effect
$$$ 74 B
Alleges and claims, restrictions of time and space
$$$ 75 B
Special political and economic terms, non-term political vocabulary, newspaper
clichs, abbreviations, neologisms
$$$ 76 B
Syntactic constructions, indicating a lack of assurance of the reporter as to the
correctness of the facts reported or his desire to avoid responsibility
$$$ 77 B
Complex sentences with a developed system of clauses
$$$ 78 B
Syntactical complexes: verbal constructions (infinitive, participial, gerundial. and
verbal noun constructions

$$$ 79 B
Specific word order five-w-and-h-pattern rule: (who-what-why-how-wherewhen
$$$ 80 B
Attributive noun groups (e.g. leap into space age.
@@@ Phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices
$$$ 81 C
The beginning of the sentence is repeated in the end, thus forming the frame for
the non-repeated part of the sentence (utterance.
A. Transferred epithet.
B. Metaphoric periphrasis.
C. Framing.
D. Metonymic periphrasis.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 82 C
Its stylistic function is to elucidate the notion mentioned in the beginning of the
sentence, to concretize and to specify its semantics
C. Framing.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 83 D
A system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim of
communication
C. Framing.
D. Functional style.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 84 D
It includes: official style, scientific style, publicist style, newspaper style, belleslettres style
C. Framing.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 85 D
A patterned variety of literary text characterized by the greater or lesser
typification of its constituents, supra-phrasal units, in which the choice and
arrangement of interdependent and interwoven language media are calculated to
secure the purport of the communication
C. Framing.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 86 E
It deals with sets, paradigms (known as functional styles. of language units of all
levels of language hierarchy serving to accommodate the needs of certain typified
communicative situations (Prague School.
A. Foregrounding.
C. Framing.
E. Functional stylistics
$$$ 87 E
It is dealing in fact with all the subdivisions of the language and all its possible
usages, is the most all-embracing global trend in style study
A. Foregrounding.
C. Framing.
$$$ 88 E
It is at large and its specified directions proceed from the situationally stipulated
language paradigms and concentrate primarily on the analysis of the latter
A. Foregrounding.
C. Framing.
$$$ 89 A
A way of connecting two sentences Seemingly unconnected and leaving it to the
readers perspicacity to grasp the idea implied, but not worded
A. Gap-sentence link.
C. Framing.
$$$ 90 A
It is generally indicated by and or but
C. Framing.
$$$ 91 A
It is based on the peculiarities of the spoken language and is therefore most
frequently used in represented speech
C. Framing.
$$$ 92 A
It has various functions: it may serve to signal the introduction of inner represented
speech, it nay be used to indicate a subjective evaluation of the facts; it may
introduce an effect resulting from a cause which has already had verbal
expression
C. Framing.
$$$ 93 A
It displays and unexpected coupling of ideas
C. Framing.
$$$ 94 A
It aims at stirring up in the readers mind the suppositions, associations and
conditions under which the sentence uttered can really exist
C. Framing.
$$$ 95 B
They are linguistic features of female and male languages
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
D. Functional styles.
$$$ 96 B
Men and women Seem to differ in terms of their communicative competence or, in
other words, in their knowledge of how to use language in society
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 97 B
Women and men typically employ different linguistic styles of speech
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 98 B
Men and women use certain linguistic patterns which are typical of powerful and
powerless (the mens and womens styles of. language
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 99 B
Male and female speakers tend to use different kinds of expressions when they
make a request
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 100 B
This reflects the different ideas between male and female speakers about gender
and intimacy
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 101 E
They are found not to change their expressions as much depending on the sex of
the persons they speak to
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
E. Gender markers of female language.
$$$ 102 E
They generally use more polite expressions both to the male and female listeners
alike
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 103 E
They tend not to change their way of speaking, depending on whom they are
talking to
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 104 D
They tend to change their expressions depending on the degree of their intimacy
with the listeners
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
D. Gender markers of male language.
$$$ 105 D
They use polite forms of making a request when the listeners are not intimate
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 106 D
If those who do them a favour are close friends, they will ask them in a more
casual way, even bluntly without showing any politeness
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 107 D
They generally use more polite expressions when they speak to female friends than
to males
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 108 D
They choose from different expressions, depending on whom they are talking to
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 109 C
Such special colloquial words which are used by most speakers in very and highly
informal, substandard communication
B. Gender markers.
C. General slang.
$$$ 110 C
Such special colloquial words which are highly emotive and expressive
B. Gender markers.
C. General slang.
$$$ 111 C
Such special colloquial words which lose their originality rather fast and are
replaced by newer formations, unstable, fluctuating, tending to expanded
synonymity within certain lexico-semantic groups
B. Gender markers.
C. General slang.
$$$ 112 A
It refers our mind to relations between words or to some forms of words or
constructions bearing upon their structural functions in the language-as-a-system
A. Grammatical meaning.
B. Gender marker.
C. General slang.
D. Gender marker of male language.
E. Gender marker of female language.
$$$ 113 D
Intentional violation of the graphical shape of a word (or word combination. used
to reflect its authentic pronunciation, to recreate the individual and social
peculiarities of the speaker, the atmosphere of the communication act
B. Gender marker.
C. General slang.
D. Graphon.
$$$ 114 D
All changes of the type (italics, CapiTaliSation., s p a c i n g of graphemes, (hyphe-na-ti-on, m-m-multiplication. and of lines
B. Gender marker.
C. General slang.
D. Graphon.
$$$ 115 E
It is the construction by which the ending -'s of the possessive case can be added
to the last word of a noun phrase, which is regarded as a single unit
B. Gender marker.
C. General slang.
D. Graphon.
E. Group genitive.
$$$ 116 B
A combination of sounds the aim of which is to make the sound of the utterance an
echo of its sense (echo writing.
A. Metaphor.
B. Indirect onomatopoeia.
C. Hyperbole.
D. Graphon.
E. Metonymy.
$$$ 117 E
In these, the connection between the words forming the group possessive is much
looser and more complicated
B. Gender marker.
C. General slang.
D. Graphon.
E. Group genitive.
$$$ 118 C
It aims at attaching logical stress or additional emotional colouring to the surface
meaning of the utterance
B. Individual style.
C. Stylistic Inversion.
E. Functional stylistics.
$$$ 119 E
Expressions of this sort should not be used in serious prose
B. Gender marker.
C. General slang.
D. Graphon.
E. Group genitive.
$$$ 120 E
Expressions of this sort should not be used in serious prose
B. Gender marker.
C. General slang.
D. Graphon.
E. Group possessive.
@@@ Lexical stylistic devices
$$$ 121 E
The overwhelming majority of lexis
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Bookish words.
D. Barbarisms.
E. Neutral words.
$$$ 123 B
A system of interrelated lexical, phraseological and grammatical means which is
perceived by the community speaking the language as a separate unity that
basically serves the purpose of informing and instructing the reader
A. Belles-lettres style.
B. Newspaper style.
C. Official style.
D. Publicist style.
E. Scientific style.
$$$ 124 C
Its main aim is to state the conditions binding two parties in an undertaking (the
state and the citizen, citizen and citizen, the society and its members, two or more
enterprises or bodies, a person and subordinates.
B. Newspaper style.
C. Official style.
D. Publicist style.
$$$ 125 D
It is covering such genres as essay, feature article, most writing of new
journalism, public speeches, etc. Its general aim is to exert a constant and deep
influence on public opinion, to convince the reader or the listener that the
interpretation given by the writer of the speaker is the only correct one and to
cause him to accept the point of view not merely by logical argumentation, but
by emotional appeal as well (brain-washing function.
B. Newspaper style.
C. Official style.
D. Publicist style.
$$$ 126 E
It is found in articles, brochures, monographs and other scientific and academic
publications. Its aim is to prove a hypothesis, to create new concepts, to disclose
the internal laws of existence, development, relations between different
phenomena, etc.
B. Newspaper style.
C. Official style.
D. Publicist style.
$$$ 127 E
It is a peculiar interrogative construction which semantically remains a statement;
It does not demand any information but serves to express the emotions of the
speaker and also serves to call the attention of listeners; makes an indispensable
part of oratoric speech for they very successfully emphasise the orators ideas
A. Meaning.
B. Metaphor.
C. Euphemism.
D. Litote.
E. Rhetorical question.
$$$ 128 C
A combination of two semantically contradictory notions, that help to emphasise
contradictory qualities simultaneously existing in the described phenomenon as a
dialectical unity
A. Meaning.
B. Metaphor.
C. Oxymoron.
D. Litote.
$$$ 129 C
A combination of two words (mostly an adjective and a noun or an adverb with an
adjective. in which the meanings of the two clash, being opposite in sense
A. Meaning.
B. Metaphor.
C. Oxymoron.
D. Litote.
$$$ 130 D
Its stylistic function is to emphasise both the logical and the <emotional meaning>
of the reiterated word (phrase.
A. Meaning.
B. Metaphor.
C. Oxymoron.
D. Ordinary repetition.
$$$ 131 A
It serves the purpose of singling out one definite and singular object out of a whole
class of similar objects
A. Nominal meaning.
B. Meaning.
C. Expressive meaning.
D. Ordinary repetition.
$$$ 132 D
It is joining two semantically disconnected clauses into one sentence
A. Nominal meaning.
B. Meaning.
D. Nonsense of non-sequence.
$$$ 133 E
They are not neologisms in the true sense for they are created for special
communicative situations only, and are not used beyond these occasions
A. Nominal meaning.
B. Meaning.
D. Nonsense of non-sequence.
E. Nonce-words.
$$$ 134 B
It is a graphical term used to name a group of sentences marked off by indentation
at the beginning and a break in the line at the end
A. Nominal meaning.
B. Paragraph.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 135 B
It is a distinct portion of a written discourse showing an integral unity
A. Nominal meaning.
B. Paragraph.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 136 B
It is a linguistic expression of a logical, pragmatic and aesthetic arrangement of
thought
A. Nominal meaning.
B. Paragraph.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 137 C
It is a reiteration of the structure of several sentences (clauses., and not of their
lexical flesh almost always includes some type of lexical repetition, and such a
convergence produces a very strong effect, foregrounding at one go logical,

rhythmic, emotive and expressive aspects of the utterance
A. Nominal meaning.
B. Paragraph.
C. Parallel construction.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 138 C
It is an identical or similar, syntactical structure in two or more sentences or parts
of a sentence in close succession
A. Nominal meaning.
B. Paragraph.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 139 C
It is often backed up by repetition of words (lexical repetition. and conjunctions
and prepositions
A. Nominal meaning.
B. Paragraph.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 140 A
It is a qualifying, explanatory or appositive word, phrase, clause, sentence, or other
sequence which interrupts a syntactic construction without otherwise affecting it,
having often a characteristic intonation and indicated in writing by commas,
brackets or dashes
A. Parenthesis.
B. Paragraph.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 141 A
It is using a roundabout form of expression instead of a simpler one
A. Periphrasis.
B. Parenthesis.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 142 A
It is using a more or less complicated syntactical structure instead of a word
A. Periphrasis.
B. Parenthesis.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 143 A
It is a device which, according to Websters dictionary, denotes the use of a longer
phrasing in place of a possible shorter and plainer form of expression
A. Circumlocution.
B. Parenthesis.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 144 A
It like simile, has a certain cognitive function inasmuch as in deepens our
knowledge of the phenomenon described
A. Circumlocution.
B. Parenthesis.
D. Sentence.
E. Clause.
$$$ 145 E
It is a metaphor that involves likeness between inanimate and animate objects
A. Circumlocution.
B. Parenthesis.
D. Sentence.
E. Personification.
$$$ 146 E
It is a metaphor that involves likeness between inanimate and animate objects
A. Circumlocution.
B. Parenthesis.
D. Sentence.
E. Personification.
$$$ 147 C
This level includes: onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance, graphon
A. Phono-graphical level.
B. Graphical level.
C. Morphological level.
D. Grammatical level.
E. Lexical level.
$$$ 148 B
This style deals with verbal forms specific for poetry
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Publicistic.
D. Colloquial.
E. Artistic.
$$$ 149 E
It is repeated use of conjunctions. It is to strengthen the idea of equal
logical/emotive importance of connected sentences
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Asyndeton.
D. Colloquial.
E. Polysyndeton.
$$$ 150 E
It is the SD of connecting sentences, or phrases, or syntagms, or words by using
connectives (mostly conjunctions and prepositions. before each component part
A. Scientific.
B. Poetic.
C. Asyndeton.
D. Colloquial.
E. Polysyndeton.
$$$ 151 E
It is the stylistics, proceeding form the norms of language usage at a given period
and teaching these norms to language speakers, especially the ones, dealing with
the language professionally (editors, publishers, writers, journalists, teachers, etc..
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
E. Practical stylistics.
$$$ 152 B
Points of exclamation, points of interrogation, dots, dashes; commas, semicolons
and full stops serve as an additional source of information and help to specify the
meaning of the written sentence which in oral speech would be conveyed by the
intonation
B. Punctuation.
C. Framings.
E. Practical stylistics.
$$$ 153 C
Simultaneous realization of two meanings through misinterpretation of one
speakers utterance by the other, which results in his remark dealing with a
different meaning of the misinterpreted word or its homonym and speakers
intended violation of the listeners expectation
B. Punctuation.
C. Pun.
D. Epithet.
E. Metaphor.
$$$ 154 B
Act of name-exchange, of substitution of the existing names approved by long
usage and fixed in dictionaries by new, occasional, individual ones, prompted by
the speakers subjective original view and evaluation of things, for the name of one
object is transferred onto another, proceeding from their similarity (of shape,
colour, function, etc.., or closeness (of material existence, cause/effect,
instrument/result, part/whole, etc..
A. Trope.
B. Transference.
C. Understatement.
D. Sustained irony.
E. Verbal irony.
$$$ 155 E
A type of irony when it is possible to indicate the exact word whose <contextual
meaning> diametrically opposes its <dictionary meaning>, in whose meaning we
can trace the contradiction between the said and implied
A. Violation of phraseological units.
B. Creation of special terms.
C. Noun irony.
D. Sustained irony.
E. Verbal irony.
$$$ 156 B
It is the identity of the vowel sound and the following consonant sounds in a
stressed syllable (might right, needless heedless.
A. Onomatopoeia.
B. Full rhyme.
C. Vowel rhyme.
D. Rhyme.
E. Consonant rhyme.
$$$ 157 E
It shows concordance in consonants and disparity in vowels (worth forth, tale
tool Treble trouble; flung long.
A. Rhythm.
B. Full rhyme.
C. Vowel rhyme.
D. Rhyme.
E. Consonant rhyme.
$$$ 158 A
It is a combination of the ideal metrical scheme and the variations of it, variations
which are governed by the standard
A. Rhythm.
B. Full rhyme.
C. Vowel rhyme.
D. Rhyme.
E. Consonant rhyme.
$$$ 159 A
It is a flow, movement, procedure, etc. characterised by basically regular
recurrence of elements or features, as beat, or accent, in alternation with opposite
or different elements or features
A. Rhythm.
B. Full rhyme.
C. Vowel rhyme.
D. Rhyme.
E. Consonant rhyme.
$$$ 160 D
It is a variation of zeugma when the number of homogeneous members,
semantically disconnected, but attached to the same verb, increases
A. Cacophony.
B. Chain repetition.
C. Cluster SDs.
D. Semantically false chains.
E. Chiasmus.
@@@ Styles of speech
$$$ 161 D
These words are considered too offensive for polite usage?

A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Jargon.
D. Vulgarisms.
E. Bookish.
$$$ 162 D
Words and phrases the lexical meanings of which have nothing indecent or on the
whole, improper about them are called
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Jargon.
E. Bookish.
$$$ 163 C
Words of general use, possessing no specific stylistic reference are called
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Neutral words.
E. Bookish words.
$$$ 164 C
We call the special system of clichs, set expressions and highly literary formal
words
$$$ 165 C
The usage of erms is
$$$ 166 C
The encoded character of language; symbols: special terminological nomenclature,
abbreviations, conventional symbols and contractions

$$$ 167 C
The use of words in their logical dictionary meaning
$$$ 168 C
There is no room for words with <contextual meaning> or for any kind of
simultaneous realisation of two meanings
$$$ 169 C
Words with emotive meaning are also not to be found, except those which are used
in business letters as conventional phrases of greeting or close (as Dear Sir.
$$$ 170 C
Absence of any emotiveness: (commercial correspondence. emotional words and
phrases
$$$ 171 C
If the beginning of the sentence is repeated in the end, thus forming the frame for
the non-repeated part of the sentence (utterance.
C. Framing.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 172 C
The stylistic device whose stylistic function is to elucidate the notion mentioned in
the beginning of the sentence, to concretize and to specify its semantics
C. Framing.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 173 D
A system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim of
communication
C. Framing.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 174 D
The style including official style, scientific style, publicist style, newspaper style,
belles-lettres style
C. Framing.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 175 D
A style which has a patterned variety of literary text characterized by the greater or
lesser typification of its constituents, supra-phrasal units, in which the choice and
arrangement of interdependent and interwoven language media are calculated to
secure the purport of the communication
C. Framing.
E. Foregrounding.
$$$ 176 E
It deals with sets, paradigms (known as functional styles. of language units of all
levels of language hierarchy serving to accommodate the needs of certain typified
communicative situations (Prague School.
A. Foregrounding.
C. Framing.
$$$ 177 E
It is dealing in fact with all the subdivisions of the language and all its possible
usages, is the most all-embracing global trend in style study
A. Foregrounding.
C. Framing.
$$$ 178 E
It is at large and its specified directions proceed from the situationally stipulated
language paradigms and concentrate primarily on the analysis of the latter
A. Foregrounding.
C. Framing.
$$$ 179 A
A way of connecting two sentences Seemingly unconnected and leaving it to the
readers perspicacity to grasp the idea implied, but not worded
C. Framing.
$$$ 180 A
It is generally indicated by and or but
C. Framing.
$$$ 181 D
They choose from different expressions, depending on whom they are talking to
B. Gender markers.
C. Framings.
$$$ 182 C
Such special colloquial words which are used by most speakers in very and highly
informal, substandard communication
B. Gender markers.
C. General slang.
$$$ 183 C
Such special colloquial words which are highly emotive and expressive
B. Gender markers.
C. General slang.
$$$ 184 C
Such special colloquial words which lose their originality rather fast and are
replaced by newer formations, unstable, fluctuating, tending to expanded
synonymity within certain lexico-semantic groups
B. Gender markers.
C. General slang.
$$$ 185 A
It refers our mind to relations between words or to some forms of words or
constructions bearing upon their structural functions in the language-as-a-system
B. Gender marker.
C. General slang.
D. Gender marker of male language.
$$$ 186 D
Intentional violation of the graphical shape of a word (or word combination. used
to reflect its authentic pronunciation, to recreate the individual and social
peculiarities of the speaker, the atmosphere of the communication act
B. Gender marker.
C. General slang.
D. Graphon.
$$$ 187 D
It is the contradiction between the said and implied
A. Metaphor.
B. Graphon.
C. Hyperbole.
D. Irony.
E. Metonymy.
$$$ 188 C
Such special colloquial words which stand close to slang, also being substandard,
expressive and emotive, but, unlike slang are used by limited groups of people,
united either professionally or socially
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Jargonisms.
D. Vulgarisms.
E. Bookish words.
$$$ 189 E
They serve to satisfy communicative demands of official, scientific, high poetry and
poetic messages, authorial speech of creative prose
A. Scientific words.
B. Poetic words.
C. Publicistic words.
D. Colloquial words.
E. Literary words.
$$$ 190 D
It is a construction with two negations
A. Metaphor.
B. Graphon.
C. Hyperbole.
D. Litote.
E. Metonymy.
$$$ 191 C
A phrase synonymic with the words which were substituted by <periphrasis>
because the direct nomination of the not too elegant feature of appearance was
substituted by a roundabout description
A. Logical comparison.
B. Direct meaning.
C. Logical periphrasis.
D. Litote.
E. Metonymy.
$$$ 192 D
Repetition of a morpheme, both root and affixational, to emphasise and promote it
A. Meaning.
B. Metaphor.
C. Mixed metaphor.
D. Morphemic repetition.
E. Metonymy.
$$$ 193 E
The overwhelming majority of lexis
A. Neologisms.
B. Special terms.
C. Bookish words.
D. Barbarisms.
E. Neutral words.
$$$ 194 C
A stylistic device in which emphasis is achieved through deliberate exaggeration
B. Gender marker.
C. Hyperbole.
D. Graphon.
E. Group possessive.
$$$ 195 C
It does not signify the actual state of affairs in reality, but presents the latter
through the emotionally coloured perception and rendering of the speaker
A. Metaphor.
B. Gender marker.
C. Hyperbole.
D. Graphon.
E. Metonymy.
$$$ 196 C
A deliberate overstatement or exaggeration of a feature essential (unlike

periphrasis. to the object or phenomenon
A. Metaphor.
B. Gender marker.
C. Hyperbole.
D. Graphon.
E. Metonymy.
$$$ 197 C
It is a device which sharpens the readers ability to make a logical assessment of
the utterance
A. Metaphor.
B. Gender marker.
C. Hyperbole.
D. Graphon.
E. Metonymy.
$$$ 198 B
A combination of sounds the aim of which is to make the sound of the utterance an
echo of its sense (echo writing.
A. Metaphor.
B. Indirect onomatopoeia.
C. Hyperbole.
D. Graphon.
E. Metonymy.
$$$ 199 B
A unique combination of language units, expressive means and stylistic devices
peculiar to a given writer, which makes that writers works or even utterances
easily recognizable
C. Framings.
$$$ 200 B
It deals with problems, concerning the choice of the most appropriate language
means and their organization into a message, from the viewpoint of the
addresser
C. Framings.
General notes on style and

stylistics
Neutral, common, literary
and colloquial vocabulary
Phonetic expressive means
and stylistic devices
Lexical stylistic devices
Styles of speech
2
3
4
5
40
40
40
40
40
200
8
8
3
2

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In the handbook by Morokhovsky, Vorobyova, Likhosherst the following

They are phonetic, morphological, word-building, lexical, phraseological and

A. Features of belles-lettres style.

convergence produces a very strong effect, foregrounding at one go logical,

These words are considered too offensive for polite usage?

A. Features of belles-lettres style.

A deliberate overstatement or exaggeration of a feature essential (unlike

General notes on style and

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