CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

CE-515: Design of Steel Structures

M. Engg. (Civil), Fall 2014
Lecture 2

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Structural Steel Shapes

Hot rolled sections

(W) W-shapes (Wide Flange)

(S) Sections
(L) Angles
(C) Channels
(WT) Structural Tees
HSS
Plates, .

Cold formed sections

Built-up sections

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Hot rolled sections

W
(a) Wide-flange
Shape

S
(b) American
Standard
Beam

(f) Pipe
Section

(g) Structural
Tubing

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

C
(c) American
Standard
Channel

L
(d) Angle

WT or ST
(e) Structural
Tee

(i) Plates

(h) Bars

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Hot rolled sections

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Cold formed sections

(a) Channels

(b) Zees

(d) Angles

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

(c) I-shaped double channels

(e) Hat sections

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Built-up sections

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Design Specifications

The specifications of most interest to the structural steel

designer are those published by the following
organizations.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC): This
specification provides for the design of structural steel buildings
and their connections.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO): This specification covers the design of
highway bridges and related structures.
American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way
Association (AREMA): The AREMA Manual for Railway
Engineering covers the design of railway bridges and related
structures.
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI): This specification deals
with cold-formed steel.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

AISC Specifications
First AISC specification was issued in 1923.
ASD has been primary method used for structural steel
buildings.

Plastic design was made part of specifications in 1963.

First LRFD specification was issued in 1986.
AISC specification is published as a stand-alone document,
but it also part of the Steel Construction Manual.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Design Philosophies
The fundamental requirement of structural
design is that the required strength shall not
exceed the available strength.
required strength available strength
Three design philosophies:
Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
Plastic Design
Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Allowable Stress Design

A member is selected that has cross-sectional properties
that are large enough to prevent the maximum applied
stress from an allowable or permissible value.
required strength allowable strength

or
maximum applied stress allowable stress

The allowable stress will be in the elastic range of the

material.
It is also called elastic design or working stress design.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Allowable Stress Design

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Plastic Design
It is based on failure conditions rather than working load
conditions.
A member is selected by using the criterion that the
structure will fail at a load substantially higher than the
working load.
Plastic hinges are formed creating a collapse mechanism.
Actual loads will be less than the failure loads by a factor of
safety known as load factor.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Load and Resistance Factor Design

LRFD is similar to plastic design in that strength, or failure condition,
is considered.
Load factors are applied to the service loads.
Theoretical strength of the member is reduced by the application of
a resistance factor.
factored load factored strength

Factored load is the sum of all service loads each multiplied by its
own load factor.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Load and Resistance Factor Design

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Load, Resistance Factors and Combinations

or

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Load combinations
Section B2 of the AISC specification requires the use of load
factors and load combinations given in ASCE 7.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Load combinations

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Steel Construction Manual

First nine editions of the manual and
accompanying specifications were based on ASD.
The ninth edition was followed by editions one
through three of the LRFD based manuals.
The 13th edition incorporates both ASD and LRFD
specifications.
The manual is divided into 17 parts.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Steel Construction Manual

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Steel Construction Manual

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Steel Construction Manual

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Steel Construction Manual

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