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SMART INNOVATIONS THAT CREATE AN IMPACT ON INDIAS ENERGY

CRISIS

R.KEERTHANA, R.DHIVYA,
EEE DEPARTMENT, 3RD YEAR,
SASTRA UNIVERSITY,
TANJORE.

Email id: keerthuramm@gmail.com, dhivi135@gmail.com

ABSTRACT :
The major problem that our country faces
today is acute power shortage. Due to
population inflation the power consumption
has reached its maximum level creating a
massive power shortage. There is a need to
generate power from every possible means.
India is a large consumer of coal, which
makes up more than 57% of its total power
production. However, more than 1/3 of
energy produced comes from renewable
resources, predominantly
hydropower.
37000 MW is currently produced by
renewable energy sources (3.5 percent of
total installed capacity). For example, with
about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's
theoretical solar power reception, on only its
land area, is about 5000 Petawatt-hours per
year (PWh/yr) (i.e. 5000 trillion kWh/yr or
about 600 TWT) and about 3000 are being
produced by wind energy and a few

kilowatts of power from biomass. To


increase the power production obtained from
other renewable energy sources here are
some innovative techniques: a device can
be designed that can attract lightning (like a
lightning rod on top of a tower) and then
channel it into a boiler to create instant
steam to power an engine to turn a
generator. Enough bolts can be captured
during a typical storm to power the houses
for an hour or so .By implementing this
particular method nearly 20 kilowatts of
energy can be produced which is sufficient
to run a generator. The second option is the
Solar Powered Backup System that Provides
Instant Electrical Power in Any Outage or
Disaster. It's the perfect emergency backup
for troubled times at any location. Using this
we can get a max output of 18 kilowatts
with a constant output of 10.8 kilowatts for
four hours or 10.5 kilowatts for eight hours
which is sufficient to supply 240V AC and

240V AC 3 phase for operating tools,


lighting and other electrical tools . Also,
nowadays solar street lights can be
implemented instead of the ordinary street
lights (supplied by the electricity board). It
absorbs the solar energy through solar
panels placed on the top which can be
utilized during night. Another method is
generating electric power from speed
breakers using the vehicle weight (potential
energy) as input. The generated electricity
is stored in batteries and can be further used
for various purposes like lighting up the
street lamps, providing power to the nearby
slums at low cost . This paper deals with the
implementation of the above ideas in our
country so that the dependence on nonrenewable energy sources can be reduced.
Further adaptations can be made to
minimize the power shortage crisis.

INTRODUCTION:
India is presently facing a major problem
in power shortage. Many interior parts of the
country still doesnt even have the electricity
or any energy source to satisfy their basic
necessities. That is because of their location.
Our countrys geographical is in such a way that
either some areas are plain some are uneven
for example the hilly regions. So it has been
difficult to supply the power from the central to
the hilly regions and also to the remote
villages. In addition to this presently our nation
has been experiencing a severe deficit in power
generation which has given rise to frequent

GRID

Northern
Western
Southern
Eastern
NorthEastern
TOTAL

INSTALLED
CAPACITY
(GW)
145
135
135
105
80

AVAILABLITY

DEMAND

SURPLUS/DEFICIT

110
100
100
80
60

140
130
130
40
10

(-30)
(-30)
(-30)
(+40)
(+50)

600

450

450

blackouts in many parts of the country. . Further


compounding the situation is that total demand
for electricity in the country continues to rise
and is outpacing increases in capacity. Even the
fossil fuels on which India solely depends for
the power generation started to deplete . So the
importance of renewable energy has increased
tremendously. Here is a survey on the worlds
energy scenario : the net generation is 18,979.895
megawatts and 17,313.582 megawatts. in that
3,760.590 megawatts from renewable energy
sources and 3,760.590 megawatts is being
consumed.

And in the world our country ranks 5 in


electricity generation according to the 2009
statistics.
The
net
generation
is
approximately 847. Billion kilowatts and
the installed capacity is 189.30 billion
kilowatts. The net consumption is 637.58
billion kilowatts. POWERGRID has
enhanced the inter-regional capacity of
National Grid to 28,000 MW. India is
divided into 5 Regions - Northern Region
(NR), Eastern Region (ER), Western Region
(WR), Southern Region (SR), and NorthEast Region (NER). Out of all these Regions
the NR, ER, WR, and NER are synchronized
which is known as NEW Grid. Whereas SR
is not synchronized with the rest of the
regions with AC lines and hence could run

on a slightly different frequency. SR is


connected with WR and ER with HVDC
links only.

From the diagram it is viewed that energy


from renewable is lesser when compared to
others. And this has forced to develop many
new ideas on generating power from
renewable energy sources. And government
has been encouraging people in this area.
India is available with 150,000MW
renewable energy,. In that Maharashtra
stands in the first place with 3687.15

megawatts and the total installed capacity is


26499.35 megawatts. And the second
comes Gujarat with about
3593.60
megawatts and the total installed capacity is
23086.74 megawatts. Tamil Nadu stands 3
rd with 7392.69 megawatts and the total
installed capacity is 17656.22 megawatts.
We can conclude that renewable energy can
be used to increase the generation which
also does not cause any harm to the
environment. It has several advantages and
is available in plenty than the fossil fuels.

INDIAN SOLAR RESOURCE

1. The above map depicts the sunny


regions of our country.
The
western and the central parts of
our country experience the hottest
climate which include states like
Rajasthan,
Gujarat
,
Maharashtra
etc
.7-7.5
kilowatthours/sq.m/day of energy
is generated here.

Indias location is between the Tropic of


Cancer and the Equator, India has an
average annual temperature that ranges from
25C 27.5 C. This means that India has
huge solar potential. By using this potential
in the following techniques India could
increase its energy generation.

Solar street lights:


Solar street lights which `work purely on
the solar energy can be the best alternative
for the street lights operated by the
electricity supplied from the EB. Natural
electricity can be used instead of nonrenewable energy, since the former can be
produced through a lot of means such as
natural light, wind, rainfall, tides,
geothermal energy, etc. Production of solar
energy is also easy and that makes it an
easily recommended choice of yours.

Its working is that the light from the sun is


received by the photoelectric panels during
daytime and Cells convert the solar power
into electrical power. The solar panels have
adequate number of cells to perform this job
of converting the power derived from
sunlight into power. And they will start up
to light instantly when the sun sets. These
processes make solar street lamps a reliable
and effective technology that is easy to
install, cost effective, compatible with
various environments, consistent in working,
long-lasting, low in maintenance, etc. In
Indian, places like Chennai, Bangalore,
Kerala, Pune and all other urban places such
as Kolkata, Delhi, Hyderabad, etc. have
started to use solar street lights. But the
power generated from these doesnt satisfy
the consumption. Hence our Indian
government should take necessary steps to
implement this in each and every part of our
country.(colder north east regions can be
excluded).so implementation of these street
lights could create a drastic change in the
future leading to saving of power.

Also Gujarat has taken a massive step in


producing solar power. That is the Narmada
canal solar plant which is set up over a 750
meter , commissioned in February. It
produces an average of 1 megawatt power.
Not only power it also saves about 90,000
litres of water annually from evaporation
and even there is so separate land required
for installing the plant. The solar panels act
as a lid over the canal.

So like Gujarat many other states can


implement this plan which could provide
dual benefits i.e. solar energy power and
water conservation. Also no separate land is
required which could save the cost.
Government need to encourage such plans in
the other parts so as to reduce the power loss
and water loss.

SOLAR BACKUP GENERATOR:


Most of the parts of our nation are facing
huge power cuts which has affected the
economy. The man made disasters and
outages are becoming common in many
parts of our country.since the nations
power grids are all inter-connected,
crippling one plant starts a cascading
downward spiral of darkness. And in order
to reduce these problems solar generators
can be used instead of the diesel generators
which are popularly being used . Usage of
solar power generator has several
advantages , the most important one is that
they doesnt need any fuel and they dont
cause pollution. Solar generator produces

continuous electricity upto 1800 watts and


runs with absolutely no noise. It can be used
to
run
essential
appliances
when
emergencies arise.

The Solar generator kit consists of three


main components which work together to
create a very efficient home power plant.
The massive "generator-backup", the high
efficiency solar panel, and the charge
controller. In fact, when a solar generator is
compared with a gas generator, the
difference is pretty remarkable. First, gas
generators are difficult to get started. The
fumes from a gas generator force to run it
outside and rely on a lot of cords coming
through windows or doors to bring the
power inside.
But the major reason to avoid , at the time of
crisis is that it requires gas to get it started
and in turn the gas cannot be pumped
without electricity

Here is a solar power generator which is


supplying a small refrigerator. It is portable
and so it can be used in every home .

ENERGY FROM LIGHTNING


SOURCE:
.

When this is compared with the inverters it


provides a major advantage. The inverters
first gets charged from the conventional
power source which is utilized later. But the
solar generators gets charged from the solar
energy which can be utilized later to power
the house. Thus the solar generators can be
an alternative for the inverters

World map of
frequency of lightning strikes, in flashes
per square kilometer per year

From the above map we can conclude that


our nation receives an average of lightning
strikes of about 10-20 per sq. m per year. In
our country NE region enjoys the distinction
of being among the regions with the highest
lightning density, with the Brahmaputra
Valley having the world's highest average of
lightning days. Against a world average of
70-80 days of lightning days annually, 121
days are recorded in NE alone. As per data
available since 1959, 119 lightning or
thunderstorm days have been recorded in
Guwahati alone. During the same time,
Tezpur accounted for 121 days and
Dibrugarh for 113 days. Similarly, Dhubri
reported 89 lightning days, Silchar 77 days,
Imphal 56 days, Pasighat 34 days and North
Lakhimpur 69 days.

There have been several attempts to


investigate the possibility of harvesting
energy from lightning.While a single bolt of
lightning carries a relatively large amount of
energy (approximately 5 billion joules), this
energy is concentrated in a small location
and is passed during an extremely short
period of time (milliseconds); therefore,
extremely high electrical power is involved.
A technology capable of harvesting
lightning energy would need to be able to
rapidly capture the high power involved in a
lightning bolt. It is not waste all though. A
device can be built to attract lightning (like a
lightning rod on top of a tower) and then can
be channeled it into a boiler to create instant
steam to power an engine to turn a
generator. And can power house for an hour

or so. it can produce about 20 kilowatts


which can be used to run generator

North Eastern regions experience more


lightning strikes than any other parts in the
country and thus it can be encouraged to
use an efficient method which would collect
the lightning bolts and then convert them
into energy as discussed above. Not only
lightning can be used to produce electricity
but it can also be used as a renewable energy
source. The bolt converts the nitrogen
molecules in the air along with the water
vapour associated with clouds into soluble
nitrogen oxides, which get washed down by
rain as fertilizer. Actually the total amount
of nitrogen fixed by lightning(Mainly the
glow discharge, rather than the spectacular
forked ones) is more than the output from all
the ferilizer plans in the world.
ENERGY FROM SPEED BREAKERS
This is an idea based on the fact that how
electricity can be generated with the help of
speed breaker by making gear arrangement
and using electronics gadgets, thus a huge
amount of electricity can be generated
saving lot of money. And if implemented
will be very beneficial for society
This is about GENERATION OF
ELECTRICITY
with
the
SPEED
BREAKERS. Generally when vehicle is in
motion it produces various forms of energy
like, due to friction between vehicles wheel
and road i.e. rough surface HEAT Energy is
produced, also when vehicle traveling at
high speed strikes the wind then also heat

energy is produced which is always lost in


environment and of which cant be made

every minute, about one kilo watt of


electricity can be produced every single
minute.
In India about 500 million mobile phones
are being used every day. Charging each
phone consumes 0.01 Kw. this also utilizes
the conventional source of power. For such
purposes the energy produced from the
speed breakers can be used as an alternative.

use. Thus this lost energy can be used to


generate an ELECTRICAL ENERGY. This
will work on the principle of POTENTIAL
ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
CONVERSION Potential energy can be
thought of as energy stored within a physical
system. power is generated by converting
the potential energy generated by a vehicle
going up on a speed breaker into kinetic
energy.

When the vehicle moves over the inclined


plates, it gains height resulting in increase in
potential energy, which is wasted in a
conventional rumble strip When the breaker
come down, they crank a lever fitted to a
ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular
motion converter). This in turn rotates a
geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The
output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo
to convert kinetic energy into electricity.
For example
A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a
height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip
produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt
power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy
highway, where about 100 vehicles pass

To increase the energy generated from speed


breakers and use it in an effective way the
speed breakers should be laid on the
metropolitan cities, other big cities where
there is a heavy traffic and also in the roads
where heavy vehicles(such as tanker lorries,
etc) move frequently.

CONCLUSION AND
SUMMARY:
India is a nation in transition. Considered an
"emerging economy," increasing GDP is
driving
the demand for additional electrical energy,
as well as transportation fuels. India is a
nation of extremes. Poverty remains in
areas with no energy services, while wealth
grows in the new business hubs.
Coal fired generation currently provides two
thirds of the generation capacity, and
hydropower supplies the other third. Yet,
India is blessed with vast resources of
renewable energy in solar,wind, biomass
and small hydro. In fact, the technical
potential of these renewable exceeds the
present installed generation capacity.

Unique in the world, India has the only


Ministry that is dedicated to the
development of renewable energies: the
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
This bodes well for the acceleration of
renewable development throughout the
nation -- both to meet the underserved needs
of millions of rural residents and the
growing demand of an energy hungry
economy

India is currently experiencing strong


economic growth, while at the same time
attempting to extend modern power services
to millions still in poverty. Expanding
electrical capacity is essential. Renewable
energy remains a small fraction of installed
capacity, yet India is blessed with over
150,000MW of exploitable renewable.
Tapping India's wind, solar, biomass, and
hydro could bring high quality jobs from a
domestic resource. Extending the electric
grid between all states, and ultimately
between neighbor nations will expand
international trade and co-operation on the
subcontinent.
This report is meant only as an overview in
hopes that it will encourage even more rapid
and extensive development of the renewable
energy resources on the Indian subcontinent.

BIBLIOGRAPHY :
India Ministry of Non-Conventional
Energy Sources (MNES)
http://mnes.nic.in/
The President of India
www.presidentofindia.nic.in
The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI)
http://www.teriin.org/
Trade Team Canada Environment (TTC
Environment)
http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/internet/inenva.n
sf/en/h_eg02268e.html
Maps of India
http://www.mapsofindia.com
U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA)
http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_energy_stat.htm
Global Energy Network Institute (GENI)
www.geni.org
Canada India Business
http://canadaindiabusiness.ca/gol/cib/cib.nsf/
en/ci00109.html
ZenithEnergy
http://www.zenithenergy.com/index.HTM
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
http://www.greenbusinesscentre.com/renene
gy.asp

CHHUYG

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