Fog

For other uses, see Fog (disambiguation).

or virga falling from above;[7] daytime heating evapoFog is a collection of liquid water droplets or ice crys- rating water from the surface of oceans, water bodies,
or wet land;[8] transpiration from plants;[9] cool or dry
air moving over warmer water;[10] and lifting air over
mountains.[11] Water vapor normally begins to condense
on condensation nuclei such as dust, ice, and salt in order
to form clouds.[12][13] Fog, like its elevated cousin stratus,
is a stable cloud deck which tends to form when a cool,
stable air mass is trapped underneath a warm air mass.[14]
Fog normally occurs at a relative humidity near 100%.[15]
This occurs from either added moisture in the air, or
Fog descends upon a High Desert Community, USA
falling ambient air temperature.[15] However, fog can
form at lower humidities, and fog can sometimes fail to
tals suspended in the air at or near the Earths surface.[1] form with relative humidity at 100%. A reading of 100%
Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud, and is relative humidity means that the air can hold no additional
heavily inuenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, moisture; the air will become supersaturated if additional
wind conditions, and even human activities. In turn, fog moisture is added.
has aected many human activities, such as shipping and
Fog can form suddenly, and can dissipate just as rapidly,
transport, warfare, and culture.
depending whether the temperature is below or above the
dew point, respectively. The sudden formation of fog is
known as ash fog.[16]

Denition

Fog commonly produces precipitation in the form of

drizzle or very light snow. Drizzle occurs when the humidity of fog attains 100% and the minute cloud droplets
begin to coalesce into larger droplets.[17] This can occur
when the fog layer is lifted and cooled suciently, or
when it is forcibly compressed from above by descending
air. Drizzle becomes freezing drizzle when the temperature at the surface drops below the freezing point.

The term fog is typically distinguished from the more

generic term cloud in that fog is low-lying, and the
moisture in the fog is often generated locally (such as
from a nearby body of water, like a lake or the ocean,
or from nearby moist ground or marshes).[2]

By denition, fog reduces visibility to less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi), whereas mist causes lesser impairment of The thickness of a fog layer is largely determined by the
visibility.[3]
altitude of the inversion boundary, which in coastal or
For aviation purposes in the UK, a visibility of less than oceanic locales is also the top of the marine layer, above
5 kilometres (3.1 mi) but greater than 999 metres (3,278 which the airmass is warmer and drier. The inversion
ft) is considered to be mist if the relative humidity is 70% boundary varies its altitude primarily in response to the
weight of the air above it which is measured in terms of ator greater; below 70%, haze is reported.[4]
mospheric pressure. The marine layer and any fogbank it
may contain will be squashed when the pressure is high,
and conversely, may expand upwards when the pressure
2 Formation
above it is lowering.
See also: Cloud physics

3 Visibility eects
Fog forms when the dierence between air temperature
and dew point is generally less than 2.5 C or 4 F.[5]
Depending on the concentration of the droplets; visibility
Fog begins to form when water vapor condenses into in fog can range from the appearance of haze, to almost
tiny liquid water droplets suspended in the air. The zero visibility. Many lives are lost each year worldwide
main ways water vapor is added to the air: wind con- from accidents involving fog conditions on the highways.
vergence into areas of upward motion;[6] precipitation The Aviation Travel Industry is eected by the severity
1

2
of an existing fog condition. Even though modern autolanding computers can put an aircraft down without the
aid of a pilot, those manning an Airport Tower must be
able to see if aircraft are sitting on the runway awaiting
takeo, thus during extreme fog conditions, safe landings
are impossible and airports are closed until fog conditions
improve.

TYPES

5 Types
Fog can form in a number of ways, depending on how the
cooling that caused the condensation occurred.
Radiation fog is formed by the cooling of land after sunset by thermal radiation in calm conditions with clear sky.
The cool ground produces condensation in the nearby air
by heat conduction. In perfect calm the fog layer can
be less than a meter deep but turbulence can promote a
thicker layer. Radiation fogs occur at night, and usually
do not last long after sunrise, but they can persist all day
in the winter months especially in areas bounded by high
ground such as the Vale of York in England. Radiation
fog is most common in autumn and early winter. Examples of this phenomenon include the Tule fog.[18]
Ground fog is fog that obscures less than 60% of the
sky and does not extend to the base of any overhead
clouds.[19] However, the term is usually a synonym for
radiation fog.

Dense Tule fog in Bakerseld, California reduces visibility to less

than 500 feet (150 metres)

Light fog reduces visibility on a suburban street, rendering the

cyclist very hazy at about 200 m (220 yd). The limit of visibility
is about 400 m (440 yd), which is before the end of the street.

Advection fog layer in San Francisco with the Golden Gate Bridge
and skyline in the background

Advection fog occurs when moist air passes over a cool

surface by advection (wind) and is cooled.[20] It is common as a warm front passes over an area with signi4 Shadows
cant snow-pack. It is most common at sea when moist
air encounters cooler waters, including areas of cold waShadows are cast through fog in three dimensions. The ter upwelling, such as along the California coast (see San
fog is dense enough to be illuminated by light that passes Francisco fog).
through gaps in a structure or tree, but thin enough to let The advection of fog along the California coastline is proa large quantity of that light pass through to illuminate pelled onto land by one of several processes. A cold
points further on. As a result, object shadows appear as front can push the marine layer coast-ward, an occurrence
beams oriented in a direction parallel to the light source. most typical in the spring or late fall. During the sumThese voluminous shadows are due to the same cause as mer months, a low pressure trough produced by intense
crepuscular rays, which are the shadows of clouds, but in heating inland creates a strong pressure gradient, drawthis case, they are the shadows of solid objects.
ing in the dense marine layer. Also during the summer,

3
strong high pressure aloft over the desert southwest, usually in connection with the summer monsoon, produces a
south to southeasterly ow which can drive the oshore
marine layer up the coastline; a phenomenon known as a
southerly surge, typically following a coastal heat spell.
However, if the monsoonal ow is suciently turbulent,
it might instead break up the marine layer and any fog it
may contain. Moderate turbulence will typically transform a fog bank, lifting it and breaking it up into shallow
convective clouds called stratocumulus.

6 Freezing conditions

Freezing fog occurs when liquid fog droplets freeze to

surfaces, forming white soft or hard rime.[22] This is very
common on mountain tops which are exposed to low
clouds. It is equivalent to freezing rain, and essentially
the same as the ice that forms inside a freezer which is not
of the frostless or frost-free type. The term freezing
fog may also refer to fog where water vapor is supercooled, lling the air with small ice crystals similar to very
Precipitation fog (or frontal fog) forms as precipitation light snow. It seems to make the fog tangible, as if one
falls into drier air below the cloud, the liquid droplets could grab a handful.
evaporate into water vapor. The water vapor cools and
In the western United States, freezing fog may be reat the dewpoint it condenses and fog forms.
ferred to as pogonip.[23][24] It occurs commonly during
Hail fog sometimes occurs in the vicinity of signicant cold winter spells, usually in deep mountain valleys. The
hail accumulations due to decreased temperature and in- word pogonip is derived from the Shoshone word pai creased moisture leading to saturation in a very shallow nappi h, which means cloud.[24][25] In The Old Farmers
layer near the surface. It most often occurs when there is Almanac, in the calendar for December, the phrase Bea warm, humid layer atop the hail and when wind is light. ware the Pogonip regularly appears. In Smoke Bellew
This ground fog tends to be localized but can be extremely Jack London described Pogonip which happened to the
dense and abrupt. It may form shortly after the hail falls; main characters, killing one of them.
when the hail has had time to cool the air and as it absorbs
The phenomenon is also extremely common in the inland
heat when melting and evaporating.[21]
areas of the Pacic Northwest, with temperatures in the
10 to 30 F (12 to 1 C) range. The Columbia Plateau
experiences this phenomenon most years due to temperature inversions, sometimes lasting for as long as three
weeks. The fog typically begins forming around the area
of the Columbia River and expands, sometimes covering
the land to distances as far away as LaPine, Oregon, almost 150 miles (240 km) due south of the river and into
south central Washington.

Minute particles of water constitute this after dark radiation fog

in Oregon with the ambient temperature 2 C (28 F)

Frozen fog (also known as ice fog) is any kind of fog

where the droplets have frozen into extremely tiny crystals
of ice in midair. Generally this requires temperatures at
or below 35 C (31 F), making it common only in and
near the Arctic and Antarctic regions.[26] It is most often
seen in urban areas where it is created by the freezing of
water vapor present in automobile exhaust and combustion products from heating and power generation. Urban
ice fog can become extremely dense and will persist day
and night until the temperature rises. Extremely small
amounts of ice fog falling from the sky form a type of
precipitation called ice crystals, often reported in Barrow,
Alaska. Ice fog often leads to the visual phenomenon of
light pillars.
</gallery>

7 Topographical inuences

Up-close view of water particles forming fog.

Up-slope fog or hill fog forms when winds blow air up a

slope (called orographic lift), adiabatically cooling it as it
rises, and causing the moisture in it to condense. This often causes freezing fog on mountaintops, where the cloud
ceiling would not otherwise be low enough.

8 SEA AND COASTAL FOG

typically noticeable by beachgoers in the afternoon. Another recently discovered source of condensation nuclei
for coastal fog is kelp seaweed. Researchers have found
that under stress (intense sunlight, strong evaporation,
etc.), kelp releases particles of iodine which in turn become nuclei for condensation of water vapor, causing fog
that diuses direct sunlight.[27]
Sea smoke, also called steam fog or evaporation fog, is
the most localized form and is created by cold air passing over warmer water or moist land.[22] It often causes
freezing fog, or sometimes hoar frost.

Morning freezing fog in Elko, Nevada

Arctic sea smoke is similar to sea smoke, but occurs

when the air is very cold. Instead of condensing into water droplets, the water vapor desublimates directly into ice
crystals.
Garua fog near the coast of Chile and Peru,[28] occurs
when typical fog produced by the sea travels inland, but
suddenly meets an area of hot air. This causes the water particles of fog to shrink by evaporation, producing
a transparent mist. Garua fog is nearly invisible, yet
it still forces drivers to use windshield wipers because of
deposition of liquid water on hard surfaces.

Tree in eld during extreme cold with frozen fog.

Valley fog forms in mountain valleys, often during winter. It is essentially a radiation fog conned by local
topography, and can last for several days in calm conditions. In Californias Central Valley, valley fog is often
referred to as Tule fog.
rightSea fog or fret encroaching on Brighton pier.

Sea and coastal fog

Sea fog (also known as haar or fret) is heavily inuenced

by the presence of sea spray and microscopic airborne salt
crystals. Clouds of all types require minute hygroscopic
particles upon which water vapor can condense. Over the
ocean surface, the most common particles are salt from
salt spray produced by breaking waves. Except in areas
of storminess, the most common areas of breaking waves
are located near coastlines, hence the greatest densities of
airborne salt particles are there.
Condensation on salt particles has been observed to occur
at humidities as low as 70%, thus fog can occur even in
relatively dry air in suitable locations such as the California coast. Typically, such lower humidity fog is preceded
by a transparent mistiness along the coastline as conden- Sea fog in the Arctic Ocean near the island of Jan Mayen
sation competes with evaporation, a phenomenon that is

Sound propagation and acoustic 12 Record extremes

eects

Sound travels best through solids, then liquids, then atmosphere (air). Since fog is a concentration of water
droplets, sounds within the range of a fog condition will
be amplied compared to the same sounds made without the presence of fog. Also, most Fogs involve the formation of a temperature inversion. Temperature inversions can increase the distance that sounds can travel by
reecting a sound between the ground and the inversion.
The presence of a high pressure and a temperature inversion during the Bunceeld oil depot explosion allowed the
sound of the explosion to be carried more than 200 miles
to Belgium and the Netherlands.
See also:
Foghorn

Acoustic location, Acoustic shadow and

The foggiest place in the world is the Grand Banks o

the coast of Newfoundland, the meeting place of the cold
Labrador Current from the north and the much warmer
Gulf Stream from the south. Some of the foggiest land
areas in the world include Argentia (Newfoundland) and
Point Reyes (California), each with over 200 foggy days
per year. Even in generally warmer southern Europe,
thick fog and localized fog is often found in lowlands and
valleys, such as the lower part of the Po Valley and the
Arno and Tiber valleys in Italy; Ebro Valley in northeastern Spain; as well as on the Swiss plateau, especially in
the Seeland area, in late autumn and winter. Other notably foggy areas include Hamilton, New Zealand; coastal
Chile (in the south); coastal Namibia; Nord, Greenland;
and the Severnaya Zemlya islands.[31]
Fog surrounding skyscrapers in the Melbourne city
centre
London fog with the Palace of Westminster in the
background

10

Biological eects and human

uses

Light fog forms near a German house

Dense fog over Indian subcontinent, captured by
NASAs Aqua satellite in December 2012

Fog shadow of Sutro Tower

Redwood forests in California receive approximately 30 Fog partially obscuring a mountain.
40% of their moisture from coastal fog. Change in climate patterns could result in relative drought in these
areas.[29] Some animals, including insects, depend on wet
fog as a principal source of water, particularly in other- 13 See also
wise desert climes, as along many African coastal areas.
Some coastal communities use fog nets to extract mois- 13.1 Literature
ture from the atmosphere where groundwater pumping
and rainwater collection are insucient.
"Fog", poem by Carl Sandburg
Armies have advanced under fog to hide their movements
from the opposing forces.

Thank You, Fog: last poems by W. H. Auden

Articial fog is man-made fog that is usually created by

13.2 Technology
vaporizing a water and glycol-based or glycerine-based
uid. The uid is injected into a heated block, and evap Anti-fog
orates quickly. The resulting pressure forces the vapor
Automotive lighting
out of the exit. Upon coming into contact with cool outside air, the vapor condenses in microscopic droplets and
Decontamination foam
appears as fog.[30]
Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation (FIDO)
Foghorn
Fog machine

11

Historical and cultural references

Fogging (photography)
Fog lamp
Head-up display

See also: Pea soup fog, Fog of war and Theatrical smoke
and fog

Runway visual range

Transmissometer

15

13.3

Weather

[11] Dr. Michael Pidwirny (2008). CHAPTER 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere (e). Cloud Formation Processes.
Physical Geography. Retrieved 1 January 2009.

Fog season

[12] Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). Front. American

Meteorological Society. Retrieved 29 January 2010.

Haboob (sandstorm)
Mist

[13] David M. Roth (14 December 2006). Unied Surface

Analysis Manual. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 9 October 2010.

Smog
Whiteout (weather)

14

REFERENCES

[14] FMI (2007). Fog And Stratus Meteorological Physical

Background. Zentralanstalt fr Meteorologie und Geodynamik. Retrieved 7 February 2009.

Notes

[15] Gleissman, 2007, p. 73

[1] The international denition of fog consists of a suspended collection of water droplets or ice crystal near the
Earths surface ... Fog and Boundary Layer Clouds: Fog
Visibility and Forecasting. Gultepe, Ismail, ed. Reprint
from Pure and Applied Geophysics Vol 164 (2007) No. 67. ISBN 978-3-7643-8418-0. p. 1126; see Google Books
Accessed 2010-08-01.
[2] Use of the term fog to mean any cloud that is at or near
the Earths surface can result in ambiguity as when, for example, a stratocumulus cloud covers a mountaintop. An
observer on the mountain may say that he or she is in a
fog, however, to outside observers a cloud is covering the
mountain. Standard practice for the design and operation
of supercooled fog dispersal projects Thomas, P. (2005)
p. 3. ISBN 0-7844-0795-9 See Google Books. Accessed
2010-08-01. Further distinguishing the terms, fog rarely
results in rain, while clouds are the common source of
rain.

[16] Miles, Kathy (October 2007). Just About Everything You

Wanted to Know about Fog. Starryskies.com.
[17] Allred, 2009, p. 99.
[18] Cox, Robert E. Applying Fog Forecasting Techniques using AWIPS and the Internet. National Weather Service,
2007. nwas.org
[19] Climate education update: News and information about
climate change for teachers and students. Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement. Climate Research Facility. U.S.
Department of Energy. education.arm.gov
[20] Frost, 2004, p. 22.
[21] Marshall; Hoadley, 1995.
[22] Understanding Weather Fog. BBC Weather. bbc.co.uk
[23] Pogonip. dare.wisc.edu.

[3] Federal Meteorological Handbook Number 1: Chapter

8 Present Weather. Oce of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology. 1 September 2005. pp. 81, 82.
Retrieved 9 October 2010.
[4] annex 3 Seventeenth Edition July 2010

[24] Pogonip - Denition from the Merriam-Webster Online

Dictionary. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
[25] Pogonip - Denition from the Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2013-01-02.

[5] Fog AMS Glossary. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

[26] Haby, Je. What is the dierence between ice fog and
freezing fog? theweatherprediction.com

[6] Robert Penrose Pearce (2002). Meteorology at the Millennium. Academic Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-12-548035-2.
Retrieved 2 January 2009.

[27] Stressed seaweed contributes to cloudy coastal skies, study

suggests, eurekalert.org

[7] National Weather Service Oce, Spokane, Washington

(2009). Virga and Dry Thunderstorms. Retrieved 2
January 2009.
[8] Bart van den Hurk and Eleanor Blyth (2008). Global
maps of Local Land-Atmosphere coupling. KNMI. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
[9] Krishna Ramanujan and Brad Bohlander (2002).
Landcover changes may rival greenhouse gases as cause
of climate change. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration Goddard Space Flight Center. Archived
from the original on 3 June 2008. Retrieved 2 January
2009.
[10] National Weather Service JetStream (2008).
Masses. Retrieved 2 January 2009.

Air

[28] Cowling; Richardson; Pierce, 2004, p. 192.

[29] Fog Fluctuations Could Threaten Giant Redwoods.
[30] Karukstis; Van Hecke, 2003, p.23.
[31] Q: What are some of the foggiest locations in the world?".
USA Today.

15 References
Lu C., Liu Y., Niu S., Zhao L., Yu H., Cheng M.
(2013). Examination of microphysical relationships
and corresponding microphysical processes in warm
fogs , Acta Meteor. Sinica, 27(6), 832-848.

7
Lu C., Niu S., Tang L., L J., Zhao L., Zhu B.
(2010). Chemical composition of fog water in Nanjing area of China and its related fog microphysics ,
Atmos. Res., 97(1-2), 47-69.
Ahrens, C. (1991). Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment. West
Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-314-80905-6.
Allred, Lance (2009). Enchanted Rock: A Natural
and Human History. University of Texas Press.
Cowling, R. M., Richardson, D. M., Pierce, S. M.
(2004). Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge
University Press.
Filonczuk, Maria K., Cayan, Daniel R., Riddle, Laurence G. (1995). Variability of marine fog along the
California coast. SIO-Reference, No 95-2, Climate
Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego.
Frost, H. (2004). Fog. Capstone Press. ISBN 9780-7368-2093-6.
Gleissman, Stephe (2007). Agroecology: the ecology
of sustainable food systems. CRC Press.
Karukstis, K. K., Van Hecke, G. R. (2003). Chemistry connections: the basis of everyday phonemena.
Academic Press.
Marshall, T., Hoadley, D. (1995). Storm Talk. Tim
Marshall.

16

External links

Social & Economic Costs of Fog from NOAA Socioeconomics website initiative
United States current dense fog advisories from
NOAA
Current Western US fog satellite pictures from
NOAA

17

17
17.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Fog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog?oldid=636864384 Contributors: AxelBoldt, TwoOneTwo, Kpjas, Bryan Derksen, The
Anome, XJaM, William Avery, Ellmist, KF, Patrick, Michael Hardy, Zocky, Kku, Pcb21, Ahoerstemeier, Mac, Theresa knott, Angela, Harry Wood, Julesd, Glenn, RadRafe, Scott, Tristanb, Emperorbma, Vanished user 5zariu3jisj0j4irj, RickK, Radiojon, Rei, Sabbut,
Francs2000, Carbuncle, Slawojarek, Shantavira, Robbot, Psmith, Ke4roh, Nurg, Postdlf, DHN, Wereon, MykReeve, Jleedev, Buster2058,
Giftlite, Solipsist, Bobblewik, Utcursch, SarekOfVulcan, Slowking Man, Quadell, Beland, JimWae, Jesster79, Karl-Henner, Mig, Quasistoic, Quota, Claude girardin, Sonett72, Famartin, Ezhar Fairlight, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Fungus Guy, Cacycle, Vsmith, Smyth,
Ivan Bajlo, CanisRufus, Joanjoc, Phoenix Hacker, Tom, Tomt, Jpgordon, Bastique, RTucker, Fir0002, Evolauxia, Dungodung, Hujaza,
Kjkolb, Kx1186, Alcarilinque, Sam Korn, Haham hanuka, Nsaa, HasharBot, Kingsindian, Storm Rider, Alansohn, MrB, Damnreds, Mac
Davis, FDJf, CaseInPoint, Hadlock, Max Naylor, Cmprince, Itsmine, Gene Nygaard, Johntex, HenryLi, Dan100, Pekinensis, Woohookitty,
Mindmatrix, Alanmak, Lifung, BlankVerse, MONGO, Tabletop, Arzachel, BlaiseFEgan, Karam.Anthony.K, Pfalstad, Dysepsion, FreplySpang, Island, Centraliath, Jclemens, Mendaliv, Search4Lancer, Sj, Saperaud, Hnandrew, Sjakkalle, Rjwilmsi, Magu2k, Vegaswikian,
Brighterorange, The wub, FlavrSavr, Titoxd, Rimush, Kanthoney, TeaDrinker, Chobot, Stephen Compall, Cactus.man, Gwernol, Wingchi,
YurikBot, Wavelength, RobotE, NTBot, Kafziel, RussBot, Hydrargyrum, Stephenb, Gaius Cornelius, CambridgeBayWeather, Herbertxu,
NawlinWiki, Wiki alf, RattleMan, Grafen, Chick Bowen, Howcheng, Cholmes75, Emersoni, Wangi, Nlu, Wknight94, Light current, Ltwiki-bot, Mike Dillon, Ageekgal, Closedmouth, E Wing, NHSavage, Mastercampbell, Ian Fieggen, Cyberodin, Anclation, Rtd2101, Mejor
Los Indios, DVD R W, Sardanaphalus, SmackBot, Flibirigit, Thunderboltz, Finavon, Midway, Verne Equinox, Mdd4696, Xlcus, Gilliam,
Portillo, Skizzik, Vontafeijos, Chris the speller, Chanda rocks, Keegan, Persian Poet Gal, SchftyThree, Deli nk, Analogue Kid, Octahedron80, Nbarth, Hgrosser, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Berland, Stephlar, Joe n bloe, Kingdon, Geo alger, Richard001, Toastyman,
Ixnayonthetimmay, Sljaxon, BinaryTed, Jklin, Pilotguy, Ohconfucius, The undertow, Dave314159, Giraro, Buotte, Zahid Abdassabur,
Carnby, Gm1121983, Bydand, Peterlewis, IronGargoyle, Patau, Thegreatdr, BoyliciousDarian, Stwalkerster, Jimmy Pitt, Eh-Steve, NJA,
Ryulong, BranStark, Iridescent, TwistOfCain, JoeBot, Tmangray, Shoeofdeath, Cls14, Tawkerbot2, Filelakeshoe, ChrisCork, Dokaspar,
JForget, Thermos, CWY2190, Bolognaking, Dgw, ShelfSkewed, Neelix, Skybon, Jac16888, Cydebot, Natasha2006, Bill Hemingray
Meier, Gogo Dodo, Corpx, Alvesgaspar, ZaydHammoudeh, Digon3, Yorkshiresky, Reyesbrbnk, Thijs!bot, Evil Angry Cat, Marek69,
Ufwuct, TurboForce, Mailseth, Srose, Moon&Nature, Mentisto, AntiVandalBot, Ben pcc, Edit Centric, Mountolive, Kjet, Dreaded
Walrus, JAnDbot, Husond, I80and, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, A4, Adhominem, Rivertorch, Soulbot, Tobogganoggin, Avicennasis, Indon, Coughinink, Mkdw, P.B. Pilhet, Edward321, NatureA16, MartinBot, STBot, Kostisl, Mbrstooge, CommonsDelinker, RidiculousX,
Theonlysilentbob, LedgendGamer, J.delanoy, Trusilver, AVX, Nothingofwater, Enriquecornejo, Vanished User 4517, Touch Of Light,
Ahuskay, Norcalal, DorganBot, Nomi887, Num1dgen, JavierMC, Dudebob3, TheNewPhobia, Squids and Chips, CardinalDan, Idiomabot, Lights, Deor, VolkovBot, Vengeur, VasilievVV, Tomer T, Philip Trueman, TXiKiBoT, Oshwah, Tom612pl, Bagande, Qxz, Foggy666,
Conman070, The Wilschon, Abdullais4u, Butterscotch, Dirkbb, Enviroboy, DirectorG, Bine Mai, Insanity Incarnate, Dmcq, Theredhouse7, AlleborgoBot, Bluedenim, Patparks, Rhymeindaj, Aariasp, SieBot, PlanetStar, Rfts, Scarian, Mbz1, Caltas, Cwkmail, Jason
Patton, Clagnut, Rawinsonde, Isamalia44, Radon210, Oxymoron83, Judicatus, Avnjay, Targeman, Alex.muller, Fratrep, Spartan-James,
Msrasnw, Help492, Hamiltondaniel, Denisarona, ImageRemovalBot, Kinkyturnip, Martarius, ClueBot, Pat117, The Thing That Should
Not Be, Gawaxay, Metiscus, Arakunem, Mild Bill Hiccup, Piledhigheranddeeper, Neverquick, Str4nd, DragonBot, Excirial, Jusdafax,
Ice Cold Beer, Dsalerno, Arjayay, Dekisugi, 4Russeteer, Thehelpfulone, Thingg, Aitias, Bricironi, Jef1234, DumZiBoT, Bravissimo594,
Bill1367, Wertuose, Sharon Leigh Wilson, Kal-El-Bot, NellieBly, Cmr08, Coltsop24, Bobthebuddhist, Thatguyint, Osarius, HexaChord,
Tustin2121, Cunard, Addbot, Xp54321, Andunie, ConCompS, Some jerk on the Internet, Jojhutton, Guoguo12, Linden52, Queenmomcat, AkhtaBot, John G. Miles, Chamal N, Crazy chicken joe, Glane23, SpBot, Numbo3-bot, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Romanskolduns, Jarble, Dixnic, , Airplane18, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Amirobot, Intothewoods29, THEN WHO WAS PHONE?, Azcolvin429,
MacTire02, Tempodivalse, Lylenorton, Pish8, nfoCan, Rubinbot, WesleyBlalock, Dabblah, Dwayne, Accuruss, Ulric1313, Materialscientist, DebateLuva, The High Fin Sperm Whale, Citation bot, Carlsotr, LilHelpa, Obersachsebot, Xqbot, Sionus, 12ddas, Charlie Dee
55, ProtectionTaggingBot, Mr. Doctor Scientist, RibotBOT, Adriangtzmb, Bbell274, Shadowjams, Sesu Prime, RUClimate, Kxx, LucienBOT, Ian Furst, JMS Old Al, Applezapotis, Tetraedycal, Jhfortier, AstaBOTh15, Pinethicket, I dream of horses, Chris814, Judestiel, Calmer Waters, Tom Hartline, Jschnur, MastiBot, Y4n, Trappist the monk, Kalaiarasy, Trojanbackoncommons, Lotje, Bmorr11,
Vrenator, StressTensor, Zink Dawg, Reaper Eternal, J'88, Brian the Editor, Tbhotch, RjwilmsiBot, Slimey0, TjBot, DexDor, TheArguer, BollywoodFilms2010, Deagle AP, Chicco3, EmausBot, Chevy111, Ashton 29, GoingBatty, RenamedUser01302013, Rajkiandris,
Slightsmile, Wikipelli, Tatiraju.rishabh, Savh, Hhhippo, Baetulonense, ShabBot, Mja49ers, Alpha Quadrant, Fogismymains, H3llBot, Prabinepali, Frigotoni, THEGREATKRAMER, Brandmeister, Tobeprecise, ClueBot NG, Thylos, Matthiaspaul, O.Koslowski, Candykamm,
Brickmack, Widr, Reify-tech, Helpful Pixie Bot, Calabe1992, BG19bot, Yo5yoman2, Mscibelli, ChessBOT, EditorHogington, Mark Arsten, Pocketthis, Thefrostyone, The Great Cloudwatcher, Vonkentrekker, Dongmatthew69, Anbu121, Sam7955, Jeremy112233, Ducknish,
Buonasera2, Dexbot, Earth100, Reverend Mick man34, Brandvenkatr, Fog.cf, JakeWi, Wostenholm, EvergreenFir, Weather.tunnel, Buntybhai, WxBot, The Herald, Ginsuloft, Bob212171625378, RizleyQuinn, Gts-tg, Katzkatzlol, Siaosong, CarolineForbes99, TerryAlex,
Jrmichae, Jacob Oceanographer, Kmallon02 and Anonymous: 559

17.2

Images

File:20080313_Foggy_Street.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/20080313_Foggy_Street.jpg License:

CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ian W. Fieggen
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_
weather.jpeg License: CC-BY-SA-2.0 Contributors: legacy.openphoto.net Original artist: Michael Jastremski
File:Dense_Tule_fog_in_Bakersfield,_California.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/33/Dense_Tule_fog_in_
Bakersfield%2C_California.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:FogParticles.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/FogParticles.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ben pcc at English Wikipedia

17.3

Content license

File:FogParticlesHighSpeed.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/FogParticlesHighSpeed.jpg License:

Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ben pcc at English Wikipedia
File:High_Desert_Fog.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/85/High_Desert_Fog.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors:
Own work
Original artist:
Jessie Eastland
File:MS_Europa_vor_der_Insel_Jan_Mayen_im_Nebel_-_2011.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/
MS_Europa_vor_der_Insel_Jan_Mayen_im_Nebel_-_2011.png License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Foto stammt vom Eigentmer und
Rechteinhaber des Bildes (Fotografen) und wurde frei gegeben - Buonasera Original artist: Buonasera
File:Morning_Freezing_Fog_in_Elko,_Nevada.JPG Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Morning_
Freezing_Fog_in_Elko%2C_Nevada.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Jrmichae
File:San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/San_francisco_in_fog_with_
rays.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Brocken Inaglory
File:Sea_fog_encroaching_on_Brighton_pier.jpg
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Sea_fog_
encroaching_on_Brighton_pier.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Richard Rutter
File:Tree_in_field_during_extreme_cold_with_frozen_fog.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Tree_
in_field_during_extreme_cold_with_frozen_fog.png License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ian Furst
File:Wiki_letter_w.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0 Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg License:
CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors:
Wiki_letter_w.svg Original artist: Wiki_letter_w.svg: Jarkko Piiroinen

17.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0